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LIBRARY

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AGRICULTURAL
COLLEGE

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45fh Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., JAN, 5, 1905.

C. H. W. Weber,
Son Chas. H.,
Daughter Emma,
and -^•^••:•
Roof-Apiary.

CINCINNATI,
OHIO.

No.1.

(Engravings used through courtesy of Gleanings in Bee-Culture.)

i

H'» ^'i'» ^♦^■g

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 5, 19«S

A PEOSPEEOUS
NEW YEAE.

Begin now to make ready for next season's harvest. Send for our Catalog,
lay your plans, order your Supplies, get them ready. By that time you
will find you are none too soon.

We have been working all winter to fill our warehouses and stock our branches
and agents. We are better prepared than ever to ship your goods
promptly.

But don't put off ordering. There may be some unforeseen delay. Glance
over the list below and write to our branch or agent nearest you for
Catalog.

Root's goods are the cheapest. You cannot buy good goods for less prices,
and we have unexcelled facilities for saving you freight.

STi,A.2<rGH.:E:s.

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, 44 Vesey Street.

Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee St.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.

San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So. Flores Street.
Washington, D. C, 1100 Maryland Ave., S.W.
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.

Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water I,ane.

Ei3CCLiXJSI"VE31Lj"2-.

A. E. vB. Fatjo, Santiago, Cuba.

J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.

Nelson Bros. Fruit Co., Delta, Colo.

Howkins & Rush, 124 Liberty St.,W. Savannah, Ga.

Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Av.,Indianapolis,Ind.

Joseph Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa.

Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kans.

Rawlins Implement Co., Baltimore, Md.

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Mass.

Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Newaygo Co., Mich.

M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.

Geo. A. Hummer, Brazelia, Miss.

John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Montg. Co., Mo.

Blanke «& Hauk Supply Co., St. Louis, Mo.

Springfield Seed Co., Springfield, Mo.

Griggs Bros., 523 Monroe St., Toledo, Ohio.

C. H. W. Weber, 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Prothero & Arnold, Du Bois, Clearfield Co., Pa.

D. M. Edwards, Uvalde, Uvalde Co., Texas.
Texas Seed & Floral Co., Dallas, Texas.

The following sell our Supplies in connection with their own or other goods.
BE SURE TO SPECIFY ROOT'S GOODS WHEN YOU ORDER.

The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co., Denver, Colo.
Vickery Bros., Evansville, Ind. .
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
Lilly, Bogardus,& Co., Seattle, Wash.

J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Ala.

California National Honey Producers' Association,

Los Angeles, Calif.
Madary's Planing Mill, Fresno, Calif.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.

There are hundreds of others handling our Supplies, but lack of space forbids our giving their ad-
dresses

THE A. 1. ROOT COflPANY,

Factoky and Executive Office,

MEDINA, OHIO.

Published IfVeekly at Sl.OO a Tear by CSeorg^e 1^. York A, Co., 334 Dearborn St.

Entered at the Foet-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.

QBORQE W. YORK, Bdltor.

CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 5, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No, 1.

=\

(Sbitorial Hotes
anb Comments

=/

Volume Forty-Five — 1905.

Tills weeli begins Volume XLV. How tlie years and
tiie volumes of tlie American Bee Journal are piling up ! It
will soon be a half-century since it began to be. And some
of its readers are growing old, but most are simply growing
older. Several of the faithful for many years have lately
written us that they are " too old to care for the bees any
longer ", and so " must also stop taking the old American
Bee Journal ". There is a touch of sadness in all this. And
yet a note of joy, too. These dear old readers have been as
faithful as their bees throughout all the passing decades,
and no doubt will be ready to depart in a few more years for
that Better Country

" the Heaven of rest

That lieth just over the wall by the tree
Where the summer-kist apples are best",

as runneth the song, "The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-
Tree Bloom ".

Midwinter Flights for Cellared Bees.

There are still questions about wintering in the North
that will not down. One of them that was somewhat gen-
erally considered settled has been lately opened up again
by the assertion of Editor Root, that there is a real gain to
take bees out of the cellar in February or March on a warm
day, and return them after a flight. H. R. Boardman,
whose view is given in the last part of his article on page
495, may be said to represent the iliajority. Let us compare
their testimony :

Mr. Root says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture: "While
the bees prior to removal were uneasy, they became per-
fectly quiet after being put back, and continued so for sev-
eral weeks after ".

Mr. Boardman says : " I used to think it necessary, for
the welfare of the bees, to set them out for a flight during
the winter, but I now prefe* to have them remain in until
they are set out to stay ".

Not entirely conclusive in either case. Granting the
truth of what Mr. Root says, is it certain that the bees
would not have been as well ofi^ at the beginning of the
harvest if left in the cellar till taken out for good ?

We might do some reasoning on the case. If midwinter
flights are a good thing for outdoor bees, as all agree, why

not for cellared bees 7 If bees are stirred up to brood-rear-
ing by being taken out, will not that be a damage to them
when returned ?

But a mile of such reasoning, or rather questioning, is
not worth an inch of good, solid testimony from the bees
themselves. That testimony ought not to be hard to ob-
tain. When a day warm enough comes in February or
March, let part of the bees be taken out of the cellar for a
flight, and then returned. Let this be done by a hundred
bee-keepers or more ; let them note the difiference between
the bees taken out and those left ; let them report, and all
the reports taken together ought to give us something a
little more reliable than we have had on which to base aa
opinion. Will you try it and report ?

Kerosene for Driving Bees.

Driving bees out of a super by laying over the super a
cloth wrung out of a solution of carbolic acid seems to be
much more in favor among our British cousins than in this
country. Chas. U. T. Burke says this in the Australasian
Bee-Keeper :

" I find more efi'ective a cloth wrung out as dry as pos-
sible with kerosene, and placed on top of the frames will
hunt every bee out of the supers, and if you are not careful,
will hunt the bees clean out of the hives. Be careful and
do not let the kerosene cloth remain on for more than a
minute at most — 30 seconds is quite long enough. The
moment this cloth is put on, you hear a buzz, and away go
the bees helter-skelter down below, and you can remove as
many supers as you like away to your extracting room, and
rarely a bee will be found in them."

We should think it very important to be exceedingly
brief in this operation, else the honey might take on the
odor of the kerosene.

Why Do They Lie So About Bees?

H. S. Spence sends the following clipping, which for
magnitude in the Ananias-and-Sapphira line is well entitled
to the blue ribbon :

QUEEN-BEES WORTH $200.

Just as there are valuable strains in horses, cattle, and
other stock, so there are varieties of queen-bees which are
worth many hundred times their weight in gold. The most
valuable strain is the Italian, and many Italian bee-farmers
demand and receive without question prices ranging from
$50 to $200 for a single queen-bee of a certain kind. Such
bees are sent all over the world. The owner of a bee-farm
near Ottawa, Canada, goes to Europe annually and brings
back with him bees of an aggregate value of thousands of
pounds. He is enabled through the agency of an Italian
firm to efi'ect an insurance upon the most valuable of his
queens. — New York Herald.

Along with the clipping Mr. Spence sends the following

5.7.?^)^

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 5, 1905.

conundrum: "How do you suppose such absurdities get
into the papers"?

The answer is not easily given in a few words, although
down at the bottom of the whole disreputable business lies
the fact that may be given briefly in the words of Barnum,
the great showman, " The people want to be humbugged ".
The papers wouldn't continue to fill up their space with lies
if there were no market for them. Knowing this demand,
the penny-a-liners are keen on the scent of anything a little
out of the ordinary, and with one or two facts, or supposed
facts a trifle remarkable, in their possession, they set to
work dressing up and magnifying, until one may well ask,
" Why do the papers lie so about bees "?

In the present case, the material from which the fabric
is reared is probably the following : There was one queen
which was considered so valuable for breeding purposes
that it was valued at $200 by its owners, although no one
perhaps would have given one-fourth that amount for that
or any other queen. But that seems to be ground enough
for a reporter saying that tnany are sending queens at that
price all over the world 1

It is not to the credit of the New York Herald that such
stuff should be admitted to its columns, and perhaps it is
less to the credit of the Cincinnati Enquirer to be willing
to copy it.

ZnisccUaneous
Hetps ^ 3 terns

=J

General Manager France says the Texas bee-keepers
did not understand what he wrote them about the director-
ship matter. We thought there must be some misunder-
standing somewhere. But no harm has been done, as we
can see.

W, S. Allan, of Mexico, when renewing his subscrip-
tion recently, wrote as follows :

" In a late number of the American Bee Journal the
question is asked, ' What have yon learned in experience
during the present year with the bees ?' My experience is
that the best help in the bee-business is the American Bee
Journal."

Mr. S. A. NiveF, formerly of New York State, but lately
of Chicago and Wisconsin, has taken unto himself a wife.
He was married Dec. 26, 1904, at Whitewater, Wis., to Mrs.
Alfarata Hull Jahnke, according to an announcement we re-
ceived last week. We extend our heartiest congratulations
to Mr. and Mrs. Niver. But Mr. Niver certainly did sur-
prise us. .........

August Weiss, of New London, Wis., died Nov. 22,
1904. He had been sick with lung trouble for a year and a
half. He was only 42 years of age. Mr. Weiss was well
known as a comb foundation manufacturer, having invented
a process of his own, we believe. On account of ill health
he has not been able to push his business very vigorously
the past year or two.

An Old Bee-Keeper and Langstroth.— We have re-
ceived the following from an old bee-keeper and admirer of
Langstroth :

Editor York : — Advancing years and failing health
compel me to give up bee-keeping for a business. Perhaps
it will interest you to know that I am probably the oldest
apiarist in the United States, having been in the business
since 1856, and during all that time old Father Langstroth
has been my only guide, and his is the only book that I
would recommend to beginners. Wm. Sai,xsidbr.

Frank RauctafUSS, the able manager of the Colorado
Honey-Producers' Association, is reported as saying that
that organization is a success, and that its members are
well pleased. This is encouraging. But it should be re-
membered that it is an organization separate from the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association. The latter is for
the discussion and promotion of matters of interest to all
bee-keepers, while the former is a purely business or finan-
cial institution, conducted only for its members. There is
a wide difference in the two organizations, and such should
always be managed separately, we think.

Better Than a Calendar.— Mr. s. E. Johns, of Frank-
lin Co., Pa., when renewing his subscription for 1905, wrote
as follows :

" I have taken the American Bee Journal for one year,
and feel like continuing it, as it is better than an almanac
or calendar on account of coming so regularly. It is all
right in every respect, and worth five times the small sub-
scription charged for it. In the near future I want to send
some new subscribers to it. S. E. Johns.

We vcish to thank Mr. Johns for his kind words. Yes,
and we also want to thank many others for the generous
expressions of appreciation they have written us concern-
ing the American Bee Journal. They all help greatly
toward pushing on in a good work that, like all other efforts,
often has its discouragements.

We hope there may be many who will go out and invite
other bee-keepers to subscribe for this Journal. A large
number of our present readers have already done so, and
with success, but we'd just like to put on our list several
thousand more new readers during this month and next.
Why can't it be done 7 Will you, reader, try to send in at
least one new subscription this month ? It ought not to be
difficult to get subscribers when we furnish 52 copies for
only $1.00.

A Visit to C. H. W. Weber's.— About Nov. i the
writer visited Cincinnati, and looked in on C. H. W. Weber,
and also the Fred W. Muth Co. We had never been in Cin-
cinnati before, so everything was new to us there. We
arrived quite early in the morning, and went at once to Mr.
Weber's store,, where we met him and also his daughter
Emma. The son, Charles H., was away on a honey-selling
trip, so we did not have the pleasure of meeting him.

The senior Weber worked for some years for the late
Chas. F. Muth, whose business he finally bought, and has
conducted it ever since. He does a large business in bee-
keepers' supplies, bees and queens, honey and beeswax, and
also seeds of various kinds. Mr. Weber is one of the lead-
ing honey-dealers in this country, especially among manu-
facturers, his monthly sales being in the neighborhood of
60,000 pounds. He also bottles considerable honey for the
grocery trade.

Mr. Weber's son and daughter are his chief assistants
in the store, and also in the outside honey-sales.

As most of our readers know, Mr. Weber has perhaps
the largest roof-apiary in the world. In it he has about 50
colonies. He also has several ont-apiaries some distance
from the city.

We are pleased to present to our readers the Weber
illustrations on the first page of this week's number. The
Weber family are doing a good business in the lines
they handle. Their reputation for square dealing is
well known. Their advertisement is constantly in our
columns, and the space used this year has been consider-
ably increased over that of the past year. If they do not
get their share of the honey and bee-supply trade it will not
be their fault.

Jaij. s, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

-V (£on trtbutcb ^-
Special Clrttclcs

=\

J

Honey-Display at the St. Louis Convention.

BY N. E. FRANCE.

TO make a display of honey both attractive and educa-
tional, I asked the National Association members in
every State to save carefully and separately the various
kinds of honey produced in their locality. I sent 250 one-
pound friction-top cans to have samples mailed in to me,
as express rates were much higher. Many bee-keepers ex-
pressed their willingness to help me, but said it was a poor
season with them, and there were but few kinds of honey
they could secure. Samples to the number of 125 came to
my home before I went to St. Louis ; others came after-
ward, and still others were sent to the Endeavor Hotel. A
large United States map was fastened to the north wall of
the convention hall, then bracket shelves were placed
across each State, Canada and Cuba, and on them I put
most of the honey in 157 one-pound clear-glass jars, with
aluminum screw top.

Some choice comb honey was also donated to help the
display, but every comb was badly broken in the cartage
transfer between the city and the Endeavor Hotel. The
only thing I could do with it was to donate it to the bee-
keepers' tables at the restaurant.

Before I got the display all on my shelving, I discovered
several samples had disappeared, and not taken by the bee-
keepers, either. The display was then placed in a side
room, where my two sons kept watch of it for two days, until
repacked for home. Many bee-keepers, not knowing this,
did not get to see it. I did not get the entire display in-
voiced in time, but the following is what I saved :

NAME.

Fred Muth . . :

i( (I

P. R. Hobble '.'.'.'.'.'.'.

E. Davis

Wm. Stolley

Frank Rauchfuss . . .

A. 8. Parson

S. M. Campbell

J. B. Alexander

S. M. Campbell.!!!!
E. A. Simmons

I. D. Flory. ...!!!!!

" '• »,

.). W. Lyell

E. S. Loves?

J. F. Mclntyre

H. E. Wilder..!!!!

F. D. Lowe..!!!!!!
Wm. Lossing

H. W. Hamilton ! ! !
Hyde Bee Co

•J. F. Hairston

D. E. Baker

F. W. Van de Mark
D. W. Switzer

F. A. Sampson

I

Cincinnati, Ohio,

Dodge City, Kan.,
Garden City, Kan.,
Grand Island, Neb.,

Denver, Colo.,
Rocky Ford, Colo.
Mountainburg. Ark.,

Lemont, Ark.,
Mountainburg, Ark.

ti a ii

Spring Hill, Ala.,

Yerington, Nev.,
Reno, "

Salt Lake City, Utah
Ventura, Calif.,

Riverside, Calif.,

Bakersfield, Calif.,
Phci'oix, Ariz.

.. (I

Glendale, "
Floresville, Tex.,

Salina, Ind. Ter..
Oklahoma City,Okla.
Meham, Okla.,
Roebuck, S. C,

Ronceverte, W. Va.,

KIND OF HONET.

Mangrove (Fla. )
Tupelo (Fla.)
Sweet clover (Ala.)
White clover (Ohio)
Locust (Ohio)
Alfalfa

Catnip

Cleome

Alfalfa

Sweet clover

Alfalfa

Cantaloupe

Ba8swood

Sumac

Yellow-weed

Cotton

Sumac

White-oak

Hickory

Poplar

Cotton

Sweet clover

Alfalfa

(Label lost)

Sweet clover

Alfalfa

Dandelion

Alfalfa

Sage

Bean

Orange-bloom

Wild buckwheat

(Label lost)

Arrow-weed

Mesquite

Alfalfa

Catclaw (chunk)

Mesquite (chunk)

Sumac

(Label lost)
Poplar
Cotton
White clover
Basswood

NAME.

Miss'.O. p. Hendrix

H. E. Hill

H. B.Henecke

A. B. Marchant. . . .
0. O. Poppleton . . .

H. S. Ferry !.

J. S. Gillflllan

F. G. Herman

E. S. Brown ..!!!!.

U II

(I It

W. Z. Hutchinson.

II

E. D. Townsend.. .

A. D. Woods

F. W. Wilcox

Arthur "

Mose Baker

II II

B. Davenport

Joe Kurth

G. Wilson..!!

C. P. Jaeger

N. E. France

Mrs. Clara Evans. .

M. V. Facey

J. L. Gray.!!!!!!!!

Experimental Sta. .

C. S. Fuge

John Nebel i: Son .

Louis Werner

J. Q. Smith

Jas. A. Stone

Herman Ahlers

II It

Arthur C. Miller.. .

LOCATION.

Satartia, Mise..
Fort Pierce, Fla.
Titusville, "

Apalachicola, "
Stuart, "

New York City, N.Y.
Newark, Del.,
Englewood, N. J.,

Caribou, Maine,

tt It

It ti

Flint, Mich.,

Remus, Mich.,

Lansing "
MauBton, Wis.,

Granton, "

Berlin, "

Mineral Point, Wis.,

Viola,

Portage, "

Platteville, "

Lansing, Iowa,

Preston, Minn.,

II It

St. Cloud, "

tt 11

GallatinValley,Mont.

II II II

Orange City, Oreg.,
High Hill, Mo.,

Edwardsville, 111.,
Lincoln, "

Springfield, "
Push, Oreg.,

11 it
II II
Providence, R. I.,

KIND OF HONET.

Hop- vine

Saw Palmetto

Palmetto

Laurel

Cabbage-palm

Tupelo

Pennyroyal

Mangrove

(Four kinds)

White clover

Goldenrod

Whitewood

Heartsease

Aster

Dandelion

Fruit-bloom

White clover

Goldenrod

Raspberry

White clover

Basswood

White clover

Buckwheat

White clover

Buckwheat

Alsike clover

Basswood

Raspberry

Goldenrod

Willow

White clover

Basswood

Alsike clover
Clover 28 years old
White clover
Fall flowers
White clover
Basswood
Fall flowers
Basswood
White clover
Alsike clover
Alfalfa
White clover
Spanish-needle
White clover
Melon

White clover
II 11

Vine-maple
Salmon-berry
Fall flowers
Fireweed
White clover
Fruit-bloom

Evaporating NeCtar— How the Bees Do It.

BY G. M. DOOI,ITTI,E.

SINCE the appearance of the article by Adrian Getaz,
found on pages 661-3 of the American Bee Journal for
1904, I have been asked several times to give my experi-
ence in the matter, some seeming to think it impossible for
bees to act as Mr. Getaz says they do, under that part of his
article headed " Honey ", where he says :

" The bees gather the nectar and bring it home. There
they put it in the cells, take it out and put it into their
stomachs, put it back, and repeat the operation until the
honey is sufficiently ripened. It is then left in the cells
until a more complete evaporation has taken place, and then
sealed."

This part of Mr. Getaz's article seems to stagger some.
One writes, " I never heard of such a thing, nor do I be-
lieve it ". Another says, " It seems strange that any one
would advance such an idea in this enlightened age of bee-
keeping. It must be a relic of the dark ages ". Still
another says, " If such stuff is allowed to appear in our bee-
papers, our Occupation will be gone, for no one will want
any honey after the bees have spit it out of their stomachs ".

Gently, friends. Such is not reasoning, or showing a
desire to know the truth in the matter. All know that the
bee carries its load of nectar from the fields to the hive in
its honey-sac ; and, as far as I know, no one has the least
spleen against honey on that account. And if honey is not
contaminated by once entering the honey-sac, would it be
any more so if it goes into and out of that same sac several
times ? Perhaps it would have been more wise had Mr.
Getaz called this honey-sac by that name, but the same is,
in reality, a stomach, and, if I do not err, Prof. Cook has

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 5, 19r5.

spoken of the honey, in its ripened form, when coming:
from that sac or stomach, as "digested nectar". I have
always preferred to speak of it as a sac for carrying nectar
and honey, and as this sac is used entirely for the purpose
of holding honey and nectar, it is as cleanly as if the same
was a " thrice washed " vessel used for the storing of said
honey after it comes from the hive.

The only point of issue between Mr. Getaz and myself
would be that he carries the idea that the field-laborer,
when returning with its load from the field, deposits the
same in the cells, while all of my observation during the
past 30 years says the load of nectar is given to one of the
nurse-bees immediately upon the loaded field-bee entering
the hive, and, if the same is deposited in the cells before it
is evaporated, the nurse-bee is the one to do it. This part
is easily proven with an observation hive having only one
comb, by watching the loaded bee which comes on the side
of the comb next to you. I have sat hours by such a hive
during a good flow from basswood, and I never yet saw a
bee which had just returned from the field, do aught else
with its load of nectar but give it to a younger bee.

This part is also easily proven by those who do not
have an observatory hive. Twenty-one days before an ex-
pected honey harvest change a black queen for an Italian,
or vice versa, and 30 to 35 days later take a look at the en-
trance of the hive at about noon of any pleasant day. Only
black bees will be seen returning with their loads. Now
look in the surplus arrangement to the hive, where honey is
being deposited in the cells, and you will find nearly all the
bees there of the Italian race.

"But how is the nectar evaporated?" writes one.
" Tell us in the American Bee Journal."

When bees are gathering nectar from the fields they
give the same, on entering the hive, to the young or nurse-
bees, as I have said above. If no more is gathered than
these nurse-bees can hold in their sacs, none is put into the
cells. If more is gathered in any one day than their sacs
will hold, the surplus nectar is put into the cells by these
nurse-bees until evening, and then evaporated down,
although this evaporation is going on to some extent dur-
ing the day. At night all hands join — from the outside
laborer with well-worn-out wings, down to bees but a day
or two old — when the nectar or thin sweet is taken into the
honey-sac, thrown out on the partly doubled tongue, drawn
back in again, thrown out and drawn in again, and so on,
until by this stirring-up process and the heat of the hive,
these small particles of honey are brought to the right con-
sistency, when it is deposited in the cells preparatory to
being sealed up in due time.

In order thus to evaporate the nectar, the bees hang
loosely or in festoons, so that when the drop of nectar goes
out on the partially-thrown-out tongue, it shall not hit
another bee, the combs or the hive.

Now, by their great roaring, humming, or whatever we
have a mind to call it, the heat is increased in the hive till
the nectar is thickened very fast by this stirring up process
which is being gone through, as spoken of above. Take a
short straw or goose-quill in your mouth and blow a drop of
water gently through it out to the end, and then draw it
in again, out once more and in again, thus continuing for
some time, and you will have an idea of the process, all but
the stirring up. This the bees can do better than we can,
as it is a part of their trade, and they have the tools to do it
with, made on purpose for that very business.

All bee-keepers of any experience can tell whether the
bees have been getting nectar of any amount during the
day by the roaring they make at night, as bees make this
roaring only while reducing their nectar. L,et two or three
days of rain succeed a plentiful honey harvest, and all roar-
ing will cease with the night of the third day.

Many a night have I watched this process of the reduc-
ing of thin nectar to honey, and by the light of a lamp one
can see the tiny drops of nectar sparkle as it is thrown out
on the tongue and drawn in again. When nectar is com-
ing in slowly you will not be likely to see this process, as it
goes on so slow at such times.

All doubtless have observed that when bees are getting
honey plentifully, it shakes out of the combs easily, or falls
out of its own accord when the combs are turned partly over
sidewise, during the afternoon and at night; while in the
morning, before the bees go to the fields, not a particle can
be shaken from the coftibs, this going to show that the most
of the evaporating of the nectar is done at night.

The economy of the bee-hive is a wonderful study, and
the more we study and understand, the more enthusiastic
we become, and the more we understand the better our
chances of success. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

®ur:* Sister
^eeKccpcrs

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Fair Exhibits of Honey Cookery.

=/

" It's sad, Mr. Acklin. Takes a big lot of honey-sweetened pies
to win first prize at a State Fair ; and then the judges and super-
numeraries eat 'em all up. Pshaw 1 that's noi the spirit that conduces
to a first-rate Fair. Such an honor should be held for more than the
cost of a few pies."

The above remarks by Mr. Hasty, on page 825 (1904),
caused me to look the matter up and see just how much
money Mr. Acklin was wasting on honey-sweetened pies,
etc., and I was astonished at the amount, for if my arith-
metic is all right, he took $110 worth of premiums in all, and
$12 of it was for goodies that he — more likely his wife —
cooked with honey, including pie, cake, marmalade, jams,
and jellies. Either it must have taken quite a number of
each of the five kinds to make a display, or they must have
been marked up pretty well in price to make it a losing
business, with each display at $2.40.

But I really think Mr. Acklin deserves a vote of thanks
from bee-keepers in general for his efforts in bringing
honey and honey products before the people in the way he
is doing. That's what will help the sale of honey.

Making a Scriptural Cake.

" Search the Scriptures "! a lady was heard to observe
in a Catonsville car, coming into town. " I have searched
the Scriptures this morning from cover to cover and until I
was blue in the face, and what do you think I did it for ? To
find the recipe for a cake !

"A year ago I paid 5 cents at a church fair for an
envelope said to contain a card upon which was printed the
recipe for a Scriptural cake. It sounded interesting — it cer-
tainly ought to have been good ; but when I opened the
envelope this is what I read : (Here she fished a card from
her portemonnaie, adjusted her glasses, and read the fol-
lowing) :

SCRIPXURAI, CAKB RECIPE.

^}i cups of I Kings, iv, 22.

1 cup of Judges, v, 25, last clause.

2 cups of Jeremiah, vi, 20.
2 cups I Samuel, xxx, 12.

2 cups of Nahum, iii, 12.

2 cups of Numbers, xvii, 8.

3 tablespoonfuls of I Samuel, xiv, 25.
A pinch of Leviticus, ii, 13.

6 Jeremiah, xvii, 11.

Yz cup of Judges, iv, 19, last clause.

2 teaspoonfuls of Amos, iv, 5.

Season to taste of II Chronicles, ix, 9.

"Now", she resumed, " I have had that thing in my
possession until I have grown to hate the very sight of it.
First I thought it would be fun to look it up, and put it on
my dressing table. Then I got tired seeing it there and it
drifted to the sewing basket. Next I kept it in the machine
drawer to measure the hem for curtains. Finally I threw it
in the waste paper basket, but the maid spied it and returned
it to me as something of value. In desperation I decided to
be haunted no more, but look up the exasperating thing
and have done with it. This morning I have looked it up ;
here is the recipe, and I mean to lose the original card before
I return home this day ". And she laid it maliciously down
on the seat opposite her and deliberately got out of the car,
leaving it to haunt some one else, but she also left the key
to the puzzle, which, being interpreted, readeth as follows :

Ayi cups of fine flour, 1 cup of butter, 2 cups of sugar, 2
cups of raisins, 2 cups of figs, 2 cups of almonds, 3 table-
spoonfuls of honey, a pinch of salt, 6 eggs, '/z cup of milk, 2
teaspoonfuls of yeast powder, season to taste with spices. —
Baltimore Sun.

See Langstroth Book Offer on another page of this
copy of the American Bee Journal.

Jan. S, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

=\

IViv. f)a5ty'5
Clftcrtl^ougf^ts

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

=/

The

LATE HONEY NOT ALWAYS DARK.

Sooner or later somebody will " shoot off his mouth "
and say that late honey is always more or less dark. Frank
Hinderer's experience, page 778, can be stowed away as
ammunition to shoot back at him. Honey as white as
honey ever gets, being stored when frost cuts it off. We'll
not be able to say that this is very common, I reckon.

EXTRACTING FROM COMBS CONTAINING BROOD.

I wish to thank Mr. S. B. Smith for his kindly support
in the matter of extracting from combs containing brood.
You see, sometimes a fellow feels lonesome and skittish
when he atttacks an old and stubborn evil which has a mul-
titude of defenders. Much the better way to make our
champion /eel that there is somebody at his back, rather
than remark at his funeral that you always rather admired
the way he sailed into giants and things. Page 779.

"ENGLISH AS SHE IS WRIT" — " PAWS " HERE.

Here's advice that that editorial scrimmage about good
and bad English, and the paws, be allowed to pause before
it extends to very many counters. Has been claimed that
there exists a being reputed to have claws — and he be-
wilders, and oft captures, him who pauses among his clauses
with a well-worn but always serviceable proverb : " The
man who isn't a fool part of the time is a fool all the time ".
Well, I don't claim to be ministering in his name exactly
(critic might say so perhaps), but I incline to parallel his
favorite saw. "The man who doesn't write bad English part
of the time writes bad English all the time — makes it so
stupid and inane in its faultessness that nobody would read
it if he could get rid of it. Or, if you prefer to get the thing
clear down to hard pan, most of that which is assailed as
bad English is not bad — only different from the usage of the
linguistic Pharisees. The object of language is to make
people understand. Do that one thing and pretty much all
conducing thereto is English, neither more nor less. Eng-
lish is that whereby live people convey live ideas to other
live people. Concentrated tincture of grammar-book and
dictionary passed from mummy to mummy through a dry-
weed stalk— that's not English. Page 819.

FOUL BROOD AND BLACK BROOD.

And here is something which we do not positively know
as yet, but which is valuable as one of the working theories
to account (it may be) for puzzling differences in bee-dis-
eases. "Some other microbe, which, in conjunction with
Bacillus alvei, changes the general character of the disease
so that it gives rise to ' black brood '." Page 728.

SAWING OFF SWARMS ON TREES.

I, for one, regret that so elaborate a set of views illustrat-
ing swarming as that of E. R. Root, should show the clus-
ter sawed off. The net result of its exhibition will be to
confirm a prevalent blunder — evil — nuisance — which is too
well established already. Our folks have sawing off "on
the brain ". Of 1000 swarms which will be cut off bough
and all next season, we may be tolerably well assured that
500 could have been taken easier by shaking into a basket —
to say nothing of the other advantages of so doing. Sev-
eral hundred of these cuttings off will represent quite an
amount of damage done fc neighbors' property, with con-
sents very regretfully given — or, worse yet, cut the bough
first and ask permission afterward. Full 400 will be more
or less shaken off and scattered in the process of cutting
off. And 300 will be spilled, in whole or in part, on the
road to where they are wanted. Besides this, bees in a
basket are much more easily ladled out at just the proper
rate as they are wanted. Some 700 of the 1000 swarms will
rush around in wrong directions while being hived, simply
because too many have been dumped down all in a heap.
The cutting off process, when it is a complete success, is a
spectacular success (that's what ails us,) makes the outsiders

stare ; but I take it we are not in the business for the pur-
pose of making people stare. Of the minor reforms which
we need this is one of the more desirable ones— that getting
a cluster into a basket or other receptacle the first thing
shall be recognized on all hands as the regular yra.y, a.ud
all cuttings off exceptional. Page 787.

MR. DITTMER AS NO. 3.

Foundation maker No. 3, with a year's output of 25,000
pounds — pretty well done for Mr. Dittmer. Some ot us
maybe would have guessed him down to No. 12 or No. 20.
Page 788.

= = \

X)octor Znillcr's
Question '- Box

Send Questions either to the ofSce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Keeping Bees in the Woods— Swarming.

J

I have 60 colonies of bees that have been very much
given to swarming, and as they stung the baby badly last
summer I must move them out. I think of putting them in
an open place in the woods, near the main road, but hidden
from it by low pines and cedars on all sides. They are all
in 10-frame Jones hives, frames 13 inches deep and 11 inches
wide inside, with one story put on for extracted honey, hav-
ing 12 or 13 frames the same size as the above, and a zinc
bottom-board nailed to it. How will they do in the woods,
and how shall I manage without any one to hive swarms ?
They are packed in large four-hive clamps, and remain in
the sawdust packing all summer (and winter).

Ten yards from the woods, at the home yard, the squir-
rels destroyed several supers full of pollen combs last win-
ter, and gnawed right through top-bars I'/ix/s- Then the
Indians often camp in the corner of these woods about 10
rods away, and might learn to steal the honey, or even the
bees, and also white hunters that are constantly passing so
near.

I have twice tried to keep down natural swarming in
the yard by forced swarming, but they only swarmed the
more. Last year I made one out of two strong ones, a la
Langstroth method. Move A to a new stand C, and most
of the brood from B in its place.

I have not clipped very extensively any year, but have
thought of doing so if I put them in the woods. I usually
put on the supers in- apple-bloom, having two or three
frames of brood in them to coax the bees up. Next spring
I think I will put the queen up also, having her clipped, and
at least half the brood.

In " Forty Years Among the Bees " (page 188) you say
that it is no little work to look through the colonies every
10 days. I got a pointer from a neighbor farmer bee-keeper
in regard to this. He remarked that if the hive were tilted
back and a little smoke blown in, the cells could usually be
seen at a glance by a practiced eye, and this fact was con-
firmed at our Toronto bee-keepers' convention by Mr.
Hoshal. You would probably find a higher stand more con-
venient, say those same 6inch boards on edge and on four
flat stones, and the Van Deusen clamps to prevent supers
slipping off when tilted back too suddenly. Ontario.

Answer. — A place so surrounded as you describe by
timber ought to be a capital place for wintering bees, and
the better shelter ought to make up for the possibly shorter
hours of work on some days. You are right that there must
be careful protection against squirrels, and especially
against their getting a stai/. I suspect that a squirrel will
hardly begin »gnawing where it can smell nothing, although
I don't know. If there is danger of their gnawing their
way in at the entrance, coarse wire-cloth, three meshes to
the inch, would be a good thing.

It was a mistake to try to keep down swarming by early
forced swarming. The later the better, only so that it is
done before the bees swarm naturally.

The Langstroth plan of making swarms by transposing
will postpone swarming ratlier than prevent it.

If you think of putting the queen in an upper story over
an excluder, better try it on a small scale, for I'm pretty
sure you'll not like it. But clipping should be tried on a

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 5, 1905.

large scale. As you are working for extracted honey, you
ought to be able to get along with little or no swarming if
you put all the brood in the upper story, giving empty
combs, foundation, or starters below, doing this as late as
possible without running the risk of their swarming. That
would not hinder your putting up one or more frames of
brood in fruit-bloom, if you so desire, but leaving the queen
below.

While it might be true that with a shallow hive like
the Heddon most of the queen-cells could be seen without
taking out a frame, it would hardly be safe to trust to it
entirely, for too often the bees start cells in places that can
be seen only by taking out the frames. You say the cells
can usually be seen, but to be safe against swarming we
must always see them.

I think you are right that my stands would be better if
the boards were on edge instead of flat, but I have no need
to clamp supers and hives together, for it is never necessary
to tilt a hive back when supers are on.

Peedlne Bees Cane Synip— Sowlna Clovers In Sandy Soil.

1. I have a few colonies of bees, but they do not do very
well here at any time. This year they did comparatively noth-
ing. I have been feeding them this fall on pure cane syrup.
Is it good for them? I have been told that it would kill
them.

2. If it is good for them how should it be fed?

3. Do you think it would pay to sow some kind of clover
for them down South on our sandy soil? If so, what kind
of clover is the best? I have an orchard of about one acre,
and I have been told that clover would do well in it, but it is
more dirt land than sandy. I have tried buckwheat, but it
does not do well here. Louisiana.

Answers : — 1. I suppose you mean the. unrefined syrup
that has never been made into sugar, which would probably
be death to bees for wintering in the North ; but I don't
know about it so far south as Louisiana. If bees can fly
about every week, it is possible they might winter on it all
right, but for anything I know it is also possible that it
wouldn't do. Will some of the Southern readers tell us
about it?

2. It could be fed with any of the feeders, or by the crock-
and-plate method, either in the hive or in the open air. For the
crock-and-plate method, fill a stone crock (a gallon crock is a
good size) with the syrup, tie over it a single thickness of
heavy woolen cloth, or its equivalent, as five or six thicknesses
of cheese-cloth, lay over this a plate upside down; with one
hand under the crock and the other over the plate quickly turn
the whole thing upside down, and your feeder is all ready.

3. Try sweet clover, sowing it as early as seeds begin

to start, and pack or roll the ground hard after sowing. Some

have reported failure with sweet clover in some parts of the

South, but you may succeed all right. Possibly crimson clover

might succeed.

.*-•-♦

Burr-Combs— Brace Combs— Langstroth Hive Size—
Requeenins Colonies.

1. What is a burr-comb?

2. What is a brace-comb?

3. What are the exact inside dimensions of a Langstroth
9-frame brood-chamber ?

4. One of my colonies was robbed out last month, the
hive containing 18 pounds of honey. The bees clustered on
the outside of the hive, and remained there two or three days.
I noticed that some of them shook violently when crawling
over the cluster. I fixed up another hive with some honey,
and put them in it, and they seem all right, and defend their
entrance well. This colony is so strong it fills an 8-frame
hive-body full. Why did these bees get robbed? Do you
think them queenless? Why did the bees shake so when
crawling? Were they starving?

5. The main honey-flow begins here about the first of
May. If I find some of my colonies queenless in the spring
can I get queens from some breeder in time to build them
up for the flow?

6. In sending queens by mail what are escort bees put
in for? To keep up the temperature, or feed the queen? I
have heard it said the queen would starve to death in the
midst of plenty if the bees did not feed her.

7. Which will drown the most bees, the Simplicity feeder
or the Division-Board feeder; or rather, which will drown the
least?

8. In 1902 I had 3 colonies of bees; in 1903, 54; and this

year I have 65, and during these three years I have not iiad
a single swarm. What do you think of that?

CALIEORtllA.

Answers. — 1 and 2. The terms "burr" and "brace" are
used somewhat indiscriminately, "burr" more properly refer-
ring to bits of comb built over the top-bar or elsewhere, per-
haps without connecting two parts together; and "brace" be-
ing used to designate bits built between frames or combs, thus
serving to brace them.

3. There is no exact dimension. The size of the frame,
outside measure, is 1"^ x ^Ys, and the hive must be of a size
to accommodate the eight frames, usually with additional
room for a dummy. Some allow more room than others for
the frames; a hive that I have just measured is 18 5-16 xl2J^-
x9J^, and perhaps the majority nowadays are of that size.

4. I'd like to look the ground over before attempting any
reply. It seems an extraordinary thing that a very strong
colony should be robbed out and then defend itself well after
being changed into another hive. I don't know why the bees
allowed themselves to be robbed, and if queenless they would
be most likely to be robbed after being changed into another
hive. That violent shaking was more likely dancing than
starving.

5. Yes, if they have not been queenless too long. If the
queen was lost so early last season that only a few very old
bees are left, it won't pay to fuss with them.

6. The escort bees feed the queen and keep up the tem-
perature, and it is quite possible that they serve an important
purpose in keeping up her spirits by their genial company.

7. There ought to be no difference ; neither one ought
to drown any bees to speak of. .

8. I think I'd like to know how you do it. Please tell us.

Disposition of Ponl-Broody Hives and their Contents.

1. Are you acquainted with foul brood?

2. About what time would it do to shake bees on the
starters if they have foul brood, that is, how early in the
spring? Apple-trees bloom about May 10th or 15th.

3. What would you do with all the supers, one-pound
boxes and starters that are in them, also the hivts if they are
in good, condition ?

4. What would you do with straight combs from such
hives, some of them containing foul brood and others not?

5. I have the "A B C of Bee-Culture," dated 1S77. Is
this the most up-to-date book I can get for a beginner on this
subject? New York.

Answers : — 1. We are not what you might call intimate
friends, foul brood never having condescended to make a
personal call on me ; still I have a speaking acquaintance from
having met it elsewhere.

2. "In the honey season when the bees are gathering
freely," says Mr. McEvoy. Unless your bees do a pretty
heavy business on fruit-bloom, better wait till the opening of
the main harvest.

3. Use them.

4. The safe thing would be to melt them up.

5. There is a 1905 edition of the "A B C of Bee Culture,"
a 1904 edition of Dadant's Langstroth, and a 1904 edition of
Cook's Manual. Dr. Howard's pamphlet on foul brood is
devoted entirely to brood-diseases.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; 50
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

Jan. 5, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

=\

(Eonrentton
Proceebings

THE ST. LOUIS CONVENTION.

J

Report of the 35th Annual Convention, of the

National Bee-Keepers' Association Held at

St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 27-30, 1904.

[Continned from page S88.J

The President called upon Mr. N. E. France, the
general manager of the Association, to address the con-
vention on a subject not named.

RECOnnENDATlONS OF THE GENERAL MANAGER.

Mr. France — You see I have been idle all the time since
I have been here. In just this kind of idleness, almost
night and day for a year, I have been working for you.
Our secretary, Mr. Brodbeck, wrote me he wanted a pro-
gram that would be a credit to us and make this conven-
tion the best that had ever been — and I believe it is so
far — and I said, I am with you in anything to make the
National a success. Assign me any topic you please,
and if I am prepared I will accept it, and if I am not I
will try to be prepared. That is the secret of success
in anything. But it has been one continuous strain, day
and night, to get material in shape to make this meeting
a success. I wanted to put an illustration before this
assembled body that has never before been produced,
which would educate them, in the form of this map that
I had advertised. To illustrate the point in view, if you
would take samples of honey branded "white clover"
from the various bee-keepers you would find there is a
great variance, and that somewhat affects our market.
We do not all judge alike. We are not satisfied unless
we all have one and the same price.

There are so very many duties that devolve upon this
office that I hardly have time at home to know whether
my family are there when I get home or not. This year
my father, now past eighty, is not able to superintend
the work at home, and the two little boys you saw here
with one older, have had the whole care of the house,
and between 400 and 500 colonies of bees and twenty
acres inside the city, which we pay $60 taxes on. Men
have asked me, "How many colonies of bees have you
got?" Honestly, I don't know. We had somewhere
about that number in the spring. I have been home oc-
casionally a day. When I get back there is from one
to three baskets full of National Association corre-
spondence, and I am right there at the typewriter until
I go away again. So I am sorry to say I come before you
to represent the National Association without prepara-
tion.

There is one thing I have felt from the beginning
and that is, this Association has got upon a living basis;
like the National Government at the close of the Civil
War, it has now opened its doors to an endless growth.
When you think of the endless bee-keepers in the United
States, and the comparatively few we have in our ranks,
what a chance there is for development! Can we inter-
est those who are not members to become a part of us?
Our fees are not standing in the way, for they are nearly
all coming in now on the half-rate.

The insurance part of the Association has given me
a good deal of anxious, careful study. Hours that I
should have had for rest have been, many of them, spent
with attorneys who have been kind enough to give me
their advice gratuitouslj'. Largely coming from our city
bee-keepers who get into ouarrels with our neighbors not
because of the bees but through their different affairs,
and finally the bees are brought in connection with it, and
as a result they get into a quarrel and then step, as it
were, back and say, "I belong to the National Associa-
tion, I have got into trouble, you help me out." I am
sorry those conditions have come about in our Associa-
tion. I hoped the day had dawned when we would dis-

continue that and allow this Association to develop in
these new phases of fighting adulterated honey, and creat-
ing a greater uniformity of market among bee-keepers
over all the world. There are world-wide things we
ought to be doing instead of these smaller and not so im-
portant matters.

In the extreme West where last year they had such
a bountiful honey-flow this year has been a failure in
South California, and much has been the correspondence
there to save our National from litigation; the bees were
in a starving condition. As a matter of fact if there is
anything sweet exposed the bees will work upon it, and
the swarms of letters that have been poured upon me
in behalf of the bees working upon fruit; and the cries
that the bees were injurious to it, have been very great,
and it seemed for a time the bees were going to be re-
moved from various cities in California. One test case
of that finally came up, and we have carried it through to
a success, have gained our point, although it has cost the
Association about $200 for the attorney's bills; yet it has
quieted that sectioti of the country.

For those of us who live near neighbors, and our
bees, in the spring perchance should spot the neighbor's
clothing, how nicely a little donation of honey, friendly
given, or paying for the relaundering of the clothing,
would settle all that grievance. If our bees go to our
neighbor's trough or place where the water is obtained,
and they are an annoyance there, sweeten that away with
a little kindly donation of honey. If our bees annoy
our neighbors in a garden or upon the near highways, you
know they can be sweetened in the same way. Oh, I
have gone to various places and have compromised it
without any litigation, by just bringing the two parties to-
gether and having a little honey and new biscuits. Keep
together, compromise, keep out of court. Be brothers
hereafter.

You have many topics this morning that you would
like to have discussed, and to me one of the most vital
things to the bee-keeping industry is to keep our colonies
free from disease. The subject is to be fully discussed to-
morrow, and I hope you will be here. This National
Association is in a shape, if you will join hands in union
with me, that it can help you get the desired legislation.
This Association can help to check largely this cry about
the adulteration of honey, either extracted or manufac-
tured, as it was claimed, in comb, but I can't do it alone;
and as the editors of your bee-papers the past summer
have asked you to swarm in your letters at designated
points, I too have been in the same harness and have
done the same. I have written those parties and I have
asked others to do so, and I believe it has had some of
the desired effect.

I issued a little pamphlet on bees and horticulture
for the benefit of those who were receiving injury by
people spraying fruit-trees, while in bloom. This became
alarming in some parts of our country, and many apiaries
suffered severely. The little pamphlet has had its desired
effect, and I saw, after those were exhausted and many
more called for, wherein I had made a mistake. We
should have had it stereotyped so that we could issue
more without having it all reset. We need more copies.
Later on our city bee-keepers got into trouble and we
needed some instruction on what the courts say pertain-
ing to their cases. That also I gathered together as best
I could, hurriedly, into a little pamphlet, and it has saved
our organization from what looked to be expensive suits.
It was this little, red leaflet. I hope the city bee-keepers
will commit page 35 to memory pertaining to bees and
their neighbors. To the new bee-keepers or new mem-
bers, if there is any part of this literature they have
not received, and will make it known, I will see they

get it. . . r

You have stood by the Association m her days of
need, and in a financial way it looks now as if it were on
a basis of permanency. We haven't any great amount in
our treasury. We had about $1,115, I think, at the close
of the last year; and, anxious to get this report out early,
at the time I closed up that part of the statement here
a few days ago it was almost the same amount within a
very few dollars — it will be a little shortage on ac-
count of this $200 suit which we will have to meet in
California, and there are some other things that may
reduce that a little, but the additional membership
coming in will very nearly off-set that. I don't believe
this Association wants a big amount of money lying idle.

10

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. S, 1905.

but I do want to see this Association liave a treasury we
can fall back upon to spread educational literature
abroad.

Let us stop this quarrelsome business, and let the
money go in some other way. I believe you know the
workings of the Association. I am yours for all there
is in it, and I want you to stay by the Association.

N. E. France.

The President announced the committee on National
organization to consist of F. E. Brown, California; H. S.
Ferry, New York; E. E. Pressler, Pennsylvania; J. Q.
Smith, Illinois, and E. S. Lovesy, Utah.

Mr. Reinecke moved, seconded by Mr. Dadant, that
a hearty vote of thanks be tendered Mr. France for his
excellent work during the past year. [Carried.]
(Continued next week.)

~7Cr^

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT

€EORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal la

41.U0 a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample c6py free,

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
■end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance. '•dec04" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 19U4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appll-
■cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

l8t.— To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful rishts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.
General Manajter and Treasurer-

N. E. France, PlattevlUe, Wis.

fW If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

^ PROGRESS^

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best
aU-aronud SO-cent monihly bee-journal
in America. On trial 3 months lor this
ad. with 10 cents. Clubbed with this pub-
lication both for one year for $1 35; or
send us 25 cents for a 3 mouths' trial and
your name and address on a 2-liae rub-
ber stamp; self-iukiug^ pad, 2Sc extra.
Or send $1.00 and get The Rural Bee-
Keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents get lib-
eral terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells them at reasonable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
W. H.PUTNAM.
Dept. so-C. Kiver Falls. Wis.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Secon(l-hand60Mb:(;aDsCheap

We have a quantity of 60-poniid tin-cans (2 in
a box) which we have lately emptied ourselves,
and so know they are all right. In lots of 2ii or
more boxes (40 cans) we will sell them at 4iic a
box. Order at once as they will soon be gone.
These are a bargain. Address,

THE YORK HONEY CO.

Henry M. Arnd, Mgr.
1111 East Kinzie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please meutlou Bee Jonrual
when writing advertisers.

CHICKS THAT LIVE

get strong and healthy — gain
steadily in weight, are chicko
hatched in Keliable Incubators.

The Reliable

provides automatically a constart
current of odorless, warm air at a
uniform temperature — c-hicks p:i,, hatch and thrive un-
der its nature-like conditions. Send 10 cents and get
our 20th annual cataloc— full of poultry infomiution.

Keliable Incubator and Broodpr Co., BoxB l£3,0uinc]r, IH.
Please mentioii Bee Journal -when -WTitUia

^O cfii " "^ o a "■S'O

ag*'<„£oaS£.Ef g-a
* ° n S a>S "o B''^ " o)5-°
jj— air: aS_*a> ©Pm*'

ae>'-a ," ", S: m a> ^ >^

2j^oaj;c„t-„
^^"^ C i;S O QJ QJ s c o a

5i5

c A J3 « S 9

i, ag^si

OMO .rr ■
^ o5 <n 5B

a ® 2f fc ^
b fl £ o-^

a.ESr

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- :i§

§ ^^-

61
u

* O H . <u III

8061 9 g6< '58. 'tl8I T,%'1

= «» s a:

aa fg"

1 i-2 STORY

8 frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-way su-
pers, $1.00. No. 1 Sections, $4 00 for 1,000. 24-lb.
Shipping-Cases, $13 00 for 100; 121b.,$8.Mi for
100; 20-lb. Daaz., $11.00 for 100.

Hives. Sections. Foundation.

etc., by the Car-Load One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free with '-rders of $5.00 or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W. D. SOPER,

iDtf rt. 3. Jackson. Mich.

please mention ttete journal wnen wntinfi..

Ttie Gratiam-Hyde Bee 6t).

SPECIALTIES

Falconer's Bee-Keepera' Supplies

At Factory Pricks. We have Falcon-
er's branch house covering the entire
Southwestern States and Mexico.
Send for special catalog, etc.
.Bees and Queens.

All leading- races. Bees and Nuclei in
any quantity for distant shipments a
specialty. Send for circular and prices.
Honey and Wax.

Bought and sold. Iluney-Cans in season.
Be sure and get our prices.
OUR MOTTO.

To have everything the bee-keeper needs
and to buy his products in return.
Correspondence earnestly solicited.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.

(Successors to Tlu- r vde Bee-Supply Co,)
SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS.

850,000,

IDtf

Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

_GRAPE VINES

69Tarletle«. Also Small FniltR. Tpee«, A'C Bept root*

ed Btock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for lOc
Descriptive price-llBt free. LEWIS ROESCH.FBEDONIA.N.V.

BEE-KEEPERS' CLIBT

Modern Farmer one year $ .50

Silk Front Bee-Veil 50

Uleanings in Bee-Culture one year 1 .00

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee 1-20

American Bee Journal (new only) ■ 1.00

$4.20

All of the above only $2.50; first two, $.50; first
three, $1.25; first four, $2.10.

New subscribers for the A. B. J. can substi-
tute it for Gleanings if they wish. Renewals
for A.B.J, add 40 cents more to any club. West-
ern Bee Journal can be substituted for either
bee-paper. No changes will be made in any of
these offers.

Write for other clubbing offers, and a
PRICE-LIST OF BEE-SUPPLIES very cheap.

EMERSON T. ABBOTT,

ST. JOSEPH. MO.

Flease mention Bee Jotimal -vrnen wntu^

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

Alrtiifnal t*"*' '^ °''" * quarter of a
""U* IKII century old and IS still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Tear. Mention the Bee Journal
iPlease mention Bee Journal vnen wrltlns

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.

The 20th Century Poultry Hagazlne.

15th year, 32 to 64 pages. Beautifully illus-
trated, up-to-date and helpful. Best known
writers. Shows readers how to succeed with
poultry. 50 CENTS PER YEAR. Special intro-
ductory offers: 10 months 25 cents, including
large practical poultry book free: 4 months'
trial 10 cents. Stamps accepted. Sample copy
free. POULTRY SUCCESS Co. Dept. 17,
Springfield, Ohio, or Des Moines, low' a.

49Ctf Please mention the Bee Journal.

BABRES' FOOT POWER JHACHINEBT

Read what J. I. PiRENTjOf
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a trreat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
yott say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Mease mention Bee Journal ■when 'wntlna

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
hey are conducted. lu fact the entire field is
ully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
his the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street. - Los Angeles, Cal.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Jan. 5, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

U

ff

Kcports a\\^
(Sxpertcnccs

Bees as a Nature Study.

The issue of Dec. 1 has a call for an
" experience meeting " on the subject
of bees as a Nature study. The call
comes from Dr. E. F. Bigelow. Per-
sonally, this has been a very interest-
ing subject. While honey has always
had a special attraction for me, as I
know it has had for other " kids ", my
experiments and observations on the
life-history of the honey-bee have been
interesting, fascinating and instructive
in the highest degree. The Good Book
says: " Go to the ant and be wise ".
I think if the people then had known
as much about the honey-bee as we do,
it would have said : " Go to the bee
and learn many wonderful things ".
(Possibly it might also have added,
and " sweeten up ".) Perhaps ants also
include bees, as they are related. If
so, the above suggestion does not hold
good.

The life-history of the bee will fur-
nish a most interesting study for scien-
tific students just as an observatory

DO YOU WANT A
"iCORMET

ORDtR OME
TO-DAY

Finest Cornet ever offered at
the price. One that dealers would
huve to ask double for. Here it isl
A beautiful instrument, full, rich,
clear-toned, and easy to play, suitable for
professional or amateur; guaranteed to please 1
every purchaser — a genuine, improved BesBon 1
model, imported bruss instrument, fine in
every way, complete with Mu^le Lyre,
and Leather Sutehel n Ith l^houlcler
Strap for J$>18.00. sent C. O. D. with
privilege of 6 duys*^ trial. A wonderful
Cornet barntain. Write for our large free
Cataliigue of MuHlcal Instruinent^s illus-
trating **Everythlne JIusIcol"— violins,
banjos, guitars, mandolins, drums, ac-
cordeons, harmonicas, etc.. etc., largest
and best stock In the country to select
from, at prices that mean ble savin(c»t to
buyer*. Our Kheet Mu»ic catalogues list all
the latest compositions, from sacred ticlections
to the catchiest "rag-time," and a full line of
Instruction Books forevery instrument. We |
have them all and can fill orders promptly.

If you have an old instrument that jou wjsll I
to exchange for a new one
It win pay you to write us.
Wo can offer especially
liberal terms In trade.
Send for our latest list of
SECOND-IIANP instru-
ments, thnroughly over-

bauleil and made new, we may have just
- hat you want. If we have, we can save you
8ome"jnonev, and at the same time give you a |

>d ini^trument. It will pay you to keep Id
close touch with UA. Write rlcht now.

H. E. McMILLIN
108 Superior St., Cleveland, O.

fleasa meiii3ot> ka« joix'-ua' amflri <i"nTni>

!*I2

>80 For
200 Egq
•INCUBATOR

Perfect !□ coQatractioo aca
aotiuD. lifttches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-d»y,

GEO. H. STAHL, QuIbc;, 111

Wb Sell Root's Goods in michiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

. M. H. HUNT * SON.
Bell Branch, Wavnb Co., Mich

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

ourHI^VES and SEOTIOlSrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will; SAVE MONEY, and

secure prompt shipment.

We will allow yon a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent in during January.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. u.8.a

riarshfield Manufacturing Co.

Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are
the best in the market. Wisconsin Basswood is the
right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SU PPLI ES. Write for frbk Illustrated Catalog and
Price-List.
THE MARSHFIELD MANUFACTURING CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please mention Bae Jotmial when 'wrltlna

LOST,STRiOfEDo«^5TOlEN

//.

The telephone gets the news of your loss all over the country
long before you could get to town and get postal cards
seutout. Youcanarouse your neighbors in timeto^
help "catch the thief,'' besides it's handy on i
the farm every day, especially in emergencies—
when you are in trouble and need help quick.

Stromberg-Garlson

TELEPHONES

are the c'neapest telephones because they are the best.
They pay for themselves in a short time, remove many
of Ihe disadvantages of farm life, and extend the farmer's
iafluince. Make home more pleasant for the wife and
children and open up new opportunities for the whole fami-
ly. Write for book F 80 "Telephone Facts for Farmers." It's
free, and full of just what you want to know — how to organ-
ize, build the line, etc. Send for book. Address nearest office.

Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co.
^ Rochester, N. Y. Chicago, III

^eaae mention Bee Journal -when ■writiiiP

THE BEST THERE IS.

Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealing people, want the BEST of goods, the BEST of
service in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and the BEST of everything connected
with getting their Supplies; the VERY BEST that can possibly be given for the money is
necessary lo give enure satisfaction and what all should have. _.,,„*„,

To absolutely please bee keepers in filling their wants has been our constant a'ni lor
ei^ht years, and while we do not boast about ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by
nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fail to write to us and tell us your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis' aoods at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL DISCOUNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

r'lease menuou Bee Journal -when wiitinft.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION \

„ IS THE BEST «

S Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES.
"■' EARLV ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES.

Whoi.ksai,e and Retail.

Working- Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

«i;S OI'l'TMER, Aususlti, Wis.

i7»^«^rs*s,»s«'

QQSQ

12

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 5, 19CS

B66-SUDDli6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a lar^e stock and
greatest variety of everything'
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Itj-

LUSTRATED CATALOG, and

read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Snpplv Co., Lincoln,Neb.: Shugart & Ourea, Council Blnff8,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers. Lamar, Cole; Souibwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

PleP=iQ mention Bee Joumai iwuen writing.

ifiii6u'sQu66na"<i Drone Trap. 35c I

•^ It automatically catches and cages drones and queens. It insures ^;

■-^ you against loss of bees through swarming by catching the queen and ^
.» preventing her leaving the hive. It will also prevent drones from en- ^.

preventing her leaving
^ tering the hive.
5 They sell regularly at SO cents.

I prevent
Our price, 35 cents.

JOHN DOLL & SON, g

;.^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

EW POULTRY CATALOGUE

FREE. Our lar^je I'.Ml,. luiillrr Kuhlc is ll.e
leader. If s the U-slbu^k ever published. JvUh

huH tornre for and MAKE BIC MONEY "Hh pini).

try. Worth $26 t..i anyuiic. S^nd ir.c. foriH.iilinjj.

^ JOHN BAUSCHER.Jr., Box 94, Freepori. Ills.

C<

GET A DANDY"

the fastest cutting bone cutter made,
and double youreprp yield, fiiold dlrt-ft
on30daya trial. 85 up. Catalogue fret'.

Stratton Mfg. Co., Bo: 21 , Erie, Pa.

-FOR, '^OXJK,-

^ BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

V SRNT) TO TFTW. fj

-SEND TO THB-

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS oa all orders tillJan. 1, IWS.

^lease mention Bee Joumai ■when •writing.

hive is an interesting sight to the aver-
age person. It was my pleasure, last
summer, to exhibit bees at two county
fairs. Also to prepare an exhibit for
the Milwaukee Public Museum, where
students from the city schools come
for Nature study. Nature study here
readily adapts itself as an object lesson
for mere idle curiosity seekers to most
accurate study for scientific observa-
tions ; particularly for microscopic ob-
servations. I need but mention the
adaptability of the subject for reading
lessons, as the work of most readers
that have come under my observation
embodies more or less of this subject.
I have also found it well adapted for
language work, both for information
lessons and language drill.

In closing, I want to add a sugges-
tion and caution. Get your informa-
tion from a reliable, up-to-date bee-
keeper or some standard books. Con-
siderable interest has of late centered
around school libraries. The State
superintendent of schools issued a

I Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and truarantee y"n
success it you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send for Descriptive Catalogue.

CHAS.A.CYPHERS

[3926 Henry St.BUTFALO.N.Y.

Please mention Bee Joumai 'wtan writing

lO CENTS A YEAR.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
ziNB in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
dnce It ONLY.
It Is bright and np-
•o-dale. Tells all about Southern Home Life.
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
mildings and famous people. Send at once.
Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere In the U.S., Can-
ada and Mexico. Six years, 50c Or, clubs of
6 names, 50c; 12 for $1. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps taken. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
24A48t No. 75, Birmingham, Alabama.

me
Dixie Home

IIL^I'J!l!l*'i

GREEN BONE and
VEGETABLE CUTTER

will save half your feed bills and
double egg yield. Guaranteed to cut
more bone, in less time, with less la-
bor, than any other. Send fi.r Special
Trial Offer and handsome cataloijue.

HUMPHREY,

Kemo SI. Factory, Jollet. Illft.

Il«ORMASLr.r

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. H ^ Send f
Send for free catalogue. | for

8ANTA MFG. CO., UGONIER, INDIANA. FrttCatilog b

■ MAKE WONEyT

HATCHIXU CUIC KENS WITU THE

GEM INCUBATOR

that high-grade, low priced, absolutely reliable,
up-to-date hatcher. Sure profits. Begin now—
get an early start. Write for free catalog today.

Gem Incubator Co., Box 52, Dayton, Ohio

Jan. 5, 1905,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

13

'^i)-A'(i-(i)'-^-(i)''#-#4'i)'-(i-(i-(i'-4-(i-&-#i)-#(i"^

BEE=KEEPERS KNEW #^

-THAT-

I DADANT'S FOFIDATION I

WAS THE BEST.

^^K^^^fy^f?

They still know that it excels.

Over 100,000 Pounds sold during the past season. Its 27th Year.

We guarantee satisfaction.

t BEE-SUPPLIESoi all kinflsBEESWflXiantedayii limes f

We work wax into Foundation. Catalog Free.
Write for our Discounts.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

^•f)-(f'"^(f"^-(f-f)"(f''f)-(f-(f''(f-(f'^-(f'(f«(|)-f)-^^

Please mention Bee Jovimal -v/hen ■WTiiina,

catalog of books as a guide for schools.
Under the heading of bees I found
<3uite a list of books, most of which I
was satisfied were worthless in a large
measure. A. I. Root's publications
were, of course, ignored. No mention
was made of " Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee", nor of Prof. A. J. Cook's
"Manual ", etc. I asked the compiler
why a book or two from a bee-keeper's
library was not put in, but my ques-
tion was ignored. H. H. MoE.
Lafayette Co., Wis., Dec. 14.

White Clover— Golden Italians-
Shipping Queens.

My report for 1904 is about 8S0
pounds of honey-dew and 1050 pounds
of fall honey, all extracted from 34
colonies, spring count.

I am afraid bees will not winter well
on account of honey-dew being left in
the hives for winter stores.

The prospects for white clover honey
are not very promising. We have had
an unusually dry fall, and I am afraid
the white clover is much damaged.
There is about 4 or 5 inches of snow
now, and it remains to be seen whether
or not it will benefit the clover.

During the past summer a good deal
was said about the merits of golden
Italians, and somebody asked for the
experiences of those who had them. I
have kept them since they were first
advertised, and nearly all of mine are
of that strain. In 1903 my 33 colonies,
spring count, produced 8360 pounds of
honey, mostly extracted, or an average
of 253 pounds per colony. I would like

20f h Century Wonder

""'■' Made entirely of metal
and asbestoe — llreiiroof. The

CYCLE HATCHER

is wonderfuHy etliclent. Fifty
egg Bize 85.00. iMtulogue free.
CycleHatcherCo.,Box224,Silem,N.Y.

Fruitful Trees ^ll^^'Tn'^^ni'l

Millions of Fruit and Fortst Trees. Apples. Peaches,
Cherries. Grapes and Strawberries. K. Mulberry and
Black Locust SeedUngs at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on »I0 orders. Guaranteed to reach you freah,
and bright. Don't miss our free catalogue.

GAGE COUNTY I«URSE:RIKS
Box 646 Beatrice, Neb.

S Jik BBB-SIJPPLIES I

Root's Goods aiRooi's rrices J

Everything used by Bee-Keepers,
POUDER'S HONEV

Low Freight Rates

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. " Prompt Service. X

" ■ " ~ Catalog Free V

^ You are entitled to Special Discounts for Early Orders till April first. »%

I W/\LTERt*rOUDER, ^

%

WALTER S. rOUDER, .,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. N

s

14

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 5, 19« S.

SHENANDOAH YELLOW

The corn that has maxle Shenandoah famous. Has
outyleldedall other varieties ol yc-llow corn wher-
ever tested. A deepcrained 100 day yellow corn,
ripeipSsptember Will outyteld, outebell, kiid outgeU any yellow
corn Tou ever (new. The world'a huBViog recrd, £01 bu. in ten hours.
WM made ID Ihla corn near Shenand.iah. IVp. 8. 1903. Send for
free eftt»lo(!. ph"tocr*phB snd lamplfBof ttiia ftnd other T»rleties of
com- 15 (lUwnrtL of B8(ds free OD club orderB. Aek »bout it.

HENRY FIELD, SEEDSMAN, BOX 50 ,SHENANDO<H, lOWX

THE EAR BEEP CORN MAN

Please mention Bee Journal -when writtng

BEST OF ALL

That's what nserg say about the great

PRAIRIE STATE

Incubators and Brooders

Our illustrated catalofr tells why

they are best. It's free. Write.

PrAlrle State Incubator Co.,

Bor S54t Homer City, Pa.

TREES THAT

Hardy varieties, „
big cropa. Grafted
Apple, 4Hc; Bu
Peach, 3i^c;Blf
Locust Seed
in^, 9L per

1000, Con-
cord Grapes.
; per 100. We
,.„ , the freight.
Cataloir. English
„r German, free.

GERMAN NURSERIES
99, Beatrics, Neb.

3P!ease mention Bee Journal when -writina

Langstrothonthe
Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This'is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to aU the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal— Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for 12.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book lor a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. ILL.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEWIS CO.'S

B-WARE

Lowest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

DavenporUowa, 213-215 W. 2(1 St

Please mention the Bee Journal. 36A26t

to know how much better those so-
called long-tongued red-clover bees
have done ? I find the golden Italians
quite as gentle as the 3-banded bees,
but the difference is small.

A great deal has also been said about
poor queens, and much of the blame
has been put on the shoulders of the
queen-breeder. When the Italians
were first introduced into this country
there was no such complaint. All the
queens were then shipped in small boxes
with from about SO to 100 bees, enough
to form a small cluster to keep the
queen warm during chilly weather,
and to make their prison a little more
homelike. I fully believe the shipping
of queen-bees by mail has proved a
curse rather than a blessing to bee-
keepers. Fred Bechly.

Powesheik Co., Iowa, Dec. 18.

Hail-Stopms Disastrous to Honey-
Crops.

The honey crop in Prowers County
has been only fair the past season, in
some parts scarcely any surplus. The
hail plays such havoc when it strikes
the bloom and nectar-yielding plants
that the honey crop can not be counted
on until harvested.

Mr. Frank Benton's advice about
crossing the Italian with the Carniolan
bee, and raising sandy vetch for pol-
len, would do good if again published.
John S. Semmkns.

Prowers Co., Colo., Dec. 20.

This Is Bro. Jonathan"

hajoTl.l tr.de-n)ark of Ih.t h.nd-
lomml uf tuim p»p«rs, Thr Fruit-
Grower. It Is full of •'mt.ty'' in-
formation for eucceBsful fbrailDg.nd
frult-r»i8ing. Yearly Bubeoriptlon
Mo. Send 25o nnd nameB of 1') p«t-
loni, interested In frull-ETO.,lng, for e
•er'a trinl. Eaefern Eiliti"n for

s"ui.-.e..iotoiiio. f^j Fruit-Gmwor
Co., 206 S. 7lh, St. Jostph, Mo.

4SAtf

LANSING. MICH.

6^Di§counuoJan.lsi)

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOSVILLE, TENN.

You would not think of buying

Why?

A whole
case of

Raisins

Not because you could not use them,

E>,,4- because on account of the price hereto-
'-'Ul. fore paid you have learned to regard
raisins as a holiday luxury only.

We are shipping out several carloads of
CHOICE SEEDED RAISINS in 16-oz. cartons, 50
cartons to case, from w liich yon can lay in a
winter's supply at $3 85 per case, or two cases
for $7,50 f.o.b. either Chicago or Denver, Colo.

Address, H. L. WEEMS,

P. O. Box 267, CHICAGO, ILL., or
H. E. TENNEY,

325 E. Iliff A^e., DENVER, COLO.
«S-Reference, Americ.-ia Bee Journal. SlA4t

fClean Clothes

100 pieces an hour— all
clean with BUSY BEE
WASHER. No injury
to finest fabrics. It'&
^ simple, quick* cheap.
Agents Wanted. Address
Busy Bee Washer Co.. Box E* Eriey Pa»

If you >vau( me Kcc-Sook

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published.

Send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.*

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide.'*

Liberal Discounts to the Trade-

Honey- Jars ^ Honey-Vinegar

We can ship at once on
receipt of order, 1-lb. and
^■Ib. Tip-Top Hooey-Jars,.
(octagron shape) at these
prices, f.o.b. Chicago:

l-lbs. per 12-doz. crate, $S.OO;

3 crates, 113,50.
K-lbs.per 14 do2. crate, $5.25;

3 crates, 14.00.

YORK'S

HONEY-VINEGAR

This is a new thing, made
by The York Honey Co.,
and shonld be used by all
who also buy and use honey
Furnish it to your home
trade. Sample, postpaid, 10 cents, to pay post-
age and package. A 10-gal. keg for $3.00, f.o.b.
Chicago.
Cash with order in all cases. Address,

The York Honey Co.

Hknry M. Arnd, Mgr.
101 E. KiNZiE Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

MouniUilojGoiieoe

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class reputation. 25
instructors. Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COUCEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Vermont.— The 30th annual meeting of the
Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
in the parlors of the Addison House, in Middle-
bury, Vt.. on Thursday, Jan. 13, 1905.

Shoreham, Vt. W. G. Lakrabee, Sec.

Kansas.— The annual meeting of the Kansas
State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at
Topeka, Jan. 10 and 11,1905. All persons in-
terested in bees are urged to be present.

Topeka, Kans. O. A. Keene, Sec.

Wisconsin.— The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet in the Supervisor's
Room in the Court House, at Madison, Feb. 1,
2 1905. All bee-keepers are invited to attend.

Augusta, Wis. Gds Dittmer, Sec.

New York.- The Jefferson County Bee-Keep-
ers' Society and New York State Association
will hold their meeting in the City Hall, Water-
town, N. Y., Jan. 17 and 18, 1905. The general
manager, N. E. France, and other prominent
bee-keepers, are expected to speak.

Black River, N.Y. George B. Howe, Sec.

New York.- A bee-keepers' institute will be
held Jan. 9 and 10, 1905, in Canandaigna, N. Y.,
under the auspices of the Bureau ol Farmers
Institutes. Mr. N. E. France has been engaged

Jan. S. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

LjO"W F>R,ICB]S I

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

We mannfactnre

BEE-SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

(Been at it over 20 years.)

II Is always BEST to buy of the maker*.

New Illustrated CataloK Free.

For nearly 14 years we have published

THe i flmerican i Bee-Keeper

(Monthly, SOc a year.)

The beBt magazine for begiuuere, edited by cue

of the most experienced bee-keepers In

America. Sample copy free.

Address,

Th W.T. FALCONER MFG. COMPANY

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a fall
line of out goods at Catalog prices. Order of
hlmland save the freight.

by the Department of Agriculture as speaker.
There will be two sessions eacb day. The bus-
iness of the Ontario County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will be transacted during a part of these
meetings. F. GREiNBRf Sec.

Naples, N. Y.

New York.— A bee-keepers' institute, under
the auspices of the Bureau of Farmers' Insti-
tutes of the State of New York, will be held at
Fulton, N.Y., Monday, Jan. 16, 1905. Mr. N. E.
France has been engaged by the Department of
Agriculture, as speaker. The annual business
meeting of the Oswego County Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at the same time and
place. Chas. B. Allen, Sec,

Central Square, N. Y.

Mortimer Stbvbns, Pres.

New York.— The Fulton and Montgomery
Connties Bee-Keepers' Society will hold the
next meeting at Amsterdam, N. Y., Thursday,
Jan. 19, 1905, in connection with a bee-keepers'
Institute. Arrangements have been made with
F. E. Dawley, Chief of the Bureau of Institutes,
to furnish Mr. N. £. France, General Manager
of the National Association, as the principal
speaker, and all are cordially invited to come.
This will also be the annual business meeting
of the society. T. I. Dugdale, Sec.

West Galway, N. Y.

Nebraska.— The annual meeting of the Ne-
braska Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at
the Experiment Station at Lincoln, on Monday,
Jan. 16, 1905, at 2 p.m. Will you be there and
favor us with a paper along the lines of bee-
keeping in which you ate particularly inter-
ested ? It is hoped that Ernest R. Root will be
present for a good talk. Headquarters will be
at The Windsor Hotel, where cheap rates have
been secured. This will be one of the first
meetings in the weeks' series; let us have a good
one. If. D. Stilson, Sec, York, Nebr.

E. Whitcomb, Pres.

New York.— A series of bee-keepers' meetings
have been arranged for in this State, as fol-
lows: Canandaigua, Jan. 9, 10; Auburn, Jan.
12; Syracuse, Jao. 15; Watcrtown, Jan. 17,18;
Romulus, Jan. 11; Cortland, Jan. 13; Fulton,
Jan. 16; Amsterdam, Jan. 19, Mr. N. E. France,
the general manager of the National Bee-Keep*
ers' Association, has been engaged to address
the meetings, by the State Department of Agri-
culture, through the Bureau of Farmers* Insti-
tutes, F. E. Dawley, Director. The convention
at Watertown, Jan. 18, will be the meeting of
the State Association, at which many of the
progressive bee-keepers of this and adjoining
States are expected to be present and take part
in the d'scussions.

C. A. Howard, Sec. W. F. Marks, Pres.

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee-Keepers
Association will hold its annual convention
Feb. 23d and 24th, at the Eagle Hotel in Grand
Rapids. The Eagle Hotel is located at 65 to 71
Market St., cor. of Lewis St., one block south
of Monroe St. It will give a rate of $1.50 per
day, and furnish a room free for holding the
convention. The Michigan State Dairymen's
Convention will meet in Grand Rapids at the
same time, and advantage may be taken of this
fact to secure reduced rates on the railroads.
When buying your ticket, ask for a certificate
on account of the Dairymen's Convention. The
secretary of the Dairymen's Association will
sign this certificate which will then enable the
holder to buy a return ticket for one-third fare.
Several associations often thus meet at the
same time and place, the secretary of one asso-
ciation signing the certificates for all of the as-

ALLOWED ON EARLY ORDERS EOR

Let me SELL or BUY your

If you have some to ofifer, mail sample with lowest price ex-
pected, delivered Cincinnati.

IF IN NEED

State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on the cash basis, in buying' or selling.

FULL STOCK OF

THE BEST MADE.

Root's Goods at their factory prices, SEEDS for honey^lants.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-48 Central Ave.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

t^ease mentiou Bee Journal when writinft

sociations, the same being done with the knowl-
edge and consent of the railroads— it simplifies
matters. Grand Rapids is the second largest
city in the State., easily accessible from the
north, south, and central parts of the State, in
the heart of a good bee-country, and, with the
low rates assured, there should be a large
crowd in attendance.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

=^

Chicago, Dec. 7.— The market is well supplied
with all kinds of honey; the demand is of a
light nature. Fancy comb honey brings 14c,
but quality as well as appearance is necessary;
No. 1 sells at 12'^@13c; off grades difficult to
move at l@3c less. Extracted, choice white,
7@7?^c; amber, 0'<i7c, with off grades about SHc
per pound. Beeswax, 30c.

R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

New York, Dec. ".—Receipts of late have
been quite heavy, and while there has been a
fair demand, it has not been up to former years
and stocks are somewhat accumulating, conse-
quently prices show a tendency to decline, and
in large lots quotation prices as a rule are
shaded. We quote fancy white at 14@15c; No.
1 white at 12^l3c; amber, lie; buckwheat, 10c.
Extracted in fair demand at 6@6Hc for white
clover; 5^c for buckwheat; 50(5*60c per gallon
for Southern, according to quality. Beeswax
firm at from 28^ 29c.

HxldrbthA Sbgblkbn.

Kansas City, Dec. 22.— The honey market
here is slow and prices rule low, fancy white
comb honey selling at $2.25 per case; other
grades as low as $2.00. Extracted from S^fg)6Kc
per pound, and in fairly good demand. Bees-
wax in good demand at 30c. We look for a bet-
ter market later on. C. C. Clbmons A Co.

Philadelphia, Dec. 24.— As usual around the
holidays, there is not much call for either comb
or extracted houey. Prices remain about the
same as the last quotations. Some odd lots
having arrived in the market in the last lOdays
weakened the price of lower grades. Fancy
white comb, 15®U. cents; No. 1, 13®14c; amber,
ll(«12c. Extracied, white, 7@8c; amber, 6@7c.
Beeswax, 26c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Boston, Dec. 22.— During the honey season
the honey demand has been practically at a
stand-still. Stocks seem to accumulate rather
than to diminish. While prices are practically
as per our last, yet on the whole, the tendency
seems to be to a lower level. Our market to-

day is practically as follows: Fancy white,
16c; A No. 1, l5c; No. 1, 14c, with practically no
demand for No. 2. Extracted, from 6@8c, ac-
cording to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb.

Cincinnati, Dec. 10.— The demand for honejr
at the present time is not good, owing tothe ap-
proach of the holidays, when too many sweets-
are found on the market. On the other hand,
the trade is well supplied with comb honey,
that will require a considerable length of time
to be consumed. We are offering white clover
extracted honey In barrels and cans at 6^@8K
cents; amber, 5K@6!^c. Fancy comb honey,.
12>^@14c. Beeswax, 29@30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Albant,N.Y., Dec. 26.— Comb honey is mov-
ing off very well considering the heavy re-
ceipts and cold weather. Prices not as high
as early fall, as usnal, but very good yet.
Fancy white, 14@15c; No. 1,13c; mixed, I2@l3c>
Buckwheat, H@12c; mixed, 10@llc. Extracted,
dark, 6(^6 ,c; light, 6!^@7c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, O., Dec. 19. — Comb honey is now
coming in more freely, and prices if anything
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12@13Mc; single cases, I4c. Ex-
tracted is sold ai follows; White clover, ia
barrels, 6>^c; in cans, 7W(S)8c; amber, in bar-
rels, SK@SJ4c; in cans, 6((i■6^ac. Beeswax, 27c.
C. H. W. Webbr

San Francisco, Dec. 14.— White comb. 1-lb^
sections, llH®12Hc; amber,9@llc. Extracted
white, 6@6i4 cents; light amber, 4M@5Jic; am-
ber, 33<@4Kc; dark amber, 3@3}4c. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

The market is quiet. Stocks are not of large
volume, either here or in the interior, bnt some
of the principal holders are urging honey to
sale, being desirous of effecting a clean-up at
an early date.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigniog, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

166 SOUTH Water St. Chicago. III.

Honey [§1 Beeswax

SOLD ^T/ BOUGHT

When you run short of Honey to supply your
local trade, write to us for prices. We offer it
in 60-pound tin cans, 2 cans in a box. Purity
guaranteed. We pay casb for pare Beeswax.
Price quoted on application. Address,

THE YORK HONEY CO.

Henry M. Arnd, Mgr

101 E. Kinzie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

16 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. s, 1905.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WISi

I WATER TO WN,

MAKES THE FINEST

Send for New 1905 Catalog.

G. B. LEWIS CO.
WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN.

^ee 3ou

45th Year.

CHICACX3, ILL., JAN. 12, 1905.

No. 2.

18

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 12, 19C5.

A PROSPEEOUS
NEW YEAR.

m

Begin now to make ready for next season's harvest. Send for our Catalog,
lay your plans, order your Supplies, get them ready. By that time you
will find you are none too soon.

We have been working all winter to fill our warehouses and stock our branches
and agents. We are better prepared than ever to ship your goods
promptly.

But 'don't put off ordering. There may be some unforeseen delay. Glance
over the list below and write to our branch or agent nearest you for
Catalog.

Root's goods are the cheapest. You cannot buy good goods for less prices,
and we have unexcelled facilities for saving you freight.

####

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, 44 Vesey Street.

Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee St.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.

San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So. Flores Street.
Washington, D.C., 1100 Maryland Ave.,S.W.
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.

Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane.

SXJPFLi'Sr IDBAIjE!K,S HA-lTIDLiIITO K,OOT'S OOODS

EJXicrjtrsivEJiLi'z-.

A. E. vB. Fatjo, Santiago, Cuba.

J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.

Nelson Bros. Fruit Co., Delta, Colo.

Howkins& Rush, 124 Liberty St., W. Savannah, Ga.

Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Av., Indianapolis,Ind.

Joseph Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa.

Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kans.

Rawlins Implement Co., Baltimore, Md.

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Mass.

Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Newaygo Co., Mich.

M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.

Geo. A. Hummer, Brazelia, Miss.

John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Montg. Co., Mo.

Blanke & Hauk Supply Co., St. Louis, Mo.

Springfield Seed Co., Springfield, Mo.

Griggs Bros., 523 Monroe St., Toledo, Ohio.

C. H. W. Weber, 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Prothero & Arnold, Du Bois, Clearfield Co., Pa.

D. M. Edwards, Uvalde, Uvalde Co., Texas.
Texas Seed & Floral Co., Dallas, Texas.

The following sell our Supplies in connection with their own or other goods.
BE SURE TO SPECIFY ROOT'S GOODS WHEN YOU ORDER.

J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Ala.

California National Honey Producers' Association,

Los Angeles, Calif.
Madary's Planing Mill, Fresno, Calif.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.

The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co., Denver, Colo.
Vickery Bros., Evansville, Ind.
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.

There are hundreds of others handling our Supplies, but lack of space forbids our giving their ad-

dresses.

THE A. I. ROOT COnPANY,

Factoky .\nd Executive Office,

MEDINA, OHIO.

si&&&&e&&&^&&®&&&&&&@^^S'&^^^ 'S^&^^'&&&&'&&&&&&®^&&&&&&&e.&&&/i

Entered at the Post-OflBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Publisbed YVeekly at «1.00 a Year by eeorge W. Tork & Co., 3S4 ■>earborD St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 12, 1905,

Vol, XLV.— No. 2.

==\

(Sbttortal Hotcs
anb (Eommcttts

=/

Qettlnj; People to Use More Honey.

This is a subject that should interest every producer of
honey. We would like to invite those who have had suc-
cessful experience along this line, to tell about it. Some-
thing should be done to get more people to consume more
honey. We have often said that we believed that honey
should become a daily food — on every table in the land. It
is not so now. We believe if the facts were known, but a
very small percent of the American families ever use any
honey. And why ? We believe it is because so few people
know the real value of honey as a food.

Quite a number of people seem to think that honey is
good only for a cold — to be taken simply as a medicine 1
This is a great mistake. Not that honey is not a good
remedy for certain physical ailments, but it is a mistake
not to use it more regularly as a food. It should take the
place, to a larger extent, of sugar, or even certain spreads
for bread.

It seems to us that here is a field for some of the best
thought that can be brought to bear on it. Why is not
more honey used by the ordinary families of to-day ? What
can be done by bee-keepers to induce them to use it more
than they do ?

Shaken Swarms 39 Years Ago.

The Canadian Bee Journal reprints an article by George
W. House, which appeared in the Bee-Keepers' Magazine
for May, 1880. It gives the modus operandi for shaking
swarms, which, Mr. House said, they had been practicing
for 15 years. That would make the plan at least 39 years
old. " There is no new thing under the sun."

Baby Nuclei for Fertilizing Queens.

Opinions differ as to the feasibility of fertilizing queens
with the very small number of bees used in the so-called
baby nuclei ; but, on the whole, they seem to be gaining
in favor. Some think they may be used by professional
queen-breeders, but not by the rank and file of honey-pro-
ducers. There is no reason why the honey-producer, \vith
only a dozen colonies, should not use baby nuclei as %vell
as the man who rears queens for a living, if he is williui; to
be at the expense of procuring the proper paraphernalia

Yet, at the Chicago convention, Dr. Miller urged '/.at

these miniature colonies could be used for fertilizing
queens — as they had been used by himself — without any-
thing other than the ordinary hives in use, and a few one-
tier wide-frames to hold one section each.

The question has been raised whether, in ordinary
hands, these baby nuclei would succeed in the cooler por-
tions of the country, early or late in the season. In ordi-
nary hands — indeed, in the most skillful hands — there is
likely to be trouble in getting virgins fertilized at any time
out of the honey season, even with strong nuclei, and with
the honey-producer there is little necessity for it. The ex-
periment can easily be tried by any one, even if he uses
only cells obtained from colonies that have swarmed.

Best Reading-Time Right Now.

No doubt during the busy summer-time many a bee-
keeper finds little time or inclination to read his bee-
papers or bee-books. He is then rushed with either bee-
work or other employment. So the time to read, for many,
is during the long winter evenings and perhaps on stormy
days.

Fortunate indeed is he who has saved all his bee-papers
as they came during the busy season, for now he can simply
revel in them, and lay up a store of apicultural information
that will help make greater his success with the bees next
season .

And the bee-books ! Every bee-keeper should have one
or more of the best. In any of the complete books will be
found answers to a thousand and one questions that every
bee-keeper needs to be familiar with in order to attain the
largest success.

It pays to become familiar with the experiences and
methods of others in the same line of business. Such
knowledge may save much useless effort, and often loss, to
the one who reads extensively, and is wise in his selections.

Treatment of Bee-Stings.

Considerable space is taken up with the matter of bee-
stings in the Alkaloidal Clinic for November. Not so many
remedies are given as may be found in bee-papers, but
enough to show that in the medicil profession, as well as
among the laity, there is a wide diversity of opinion ; and
possibly those are near the mark who think that no remedy
has any efiicacy except as a placebo. It appears that in
medical text-books salt is given as one remedy for stings,
sweet oil as another, also onions. One correspondent
advises " to try Apis raellifica, say 3x or even 6x ". Dr. W.
H. Barnett believes in prophylactic treatment, and says :

" I am satisfied that ecthol, a combination of echinacea
and thuja, will prevent the sting of bees from hurting him.

20

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 12, 1905.

L(et him take dram doses every hour for three hours before
he commences to work with them. The reason for the faith
that is in me is this : They used to hurt me. Last summer
I was taking it for a skin disease, and while under its in-
fluence I was stung by a wasp on the face and neck. When
stung I started to the house to get something to stop the
pain and swelling that I expected to sufl^er with, but instead
of pain and swelling as heretofore when stung, there was
no more of either than a mosquito or a gnat would have
caused."

For the bee-keeper whose time is taken up entirely with
bees, working at them as long as he can see in the evening,
and going at it again about as soon as he is out of bed, it
would not be very convenient to take his dose three hours
in advance of work and hourly afterward ; although an
alarm clock might help out if he had the trick of promptly
falling to sleep again. Yet such treatment, if entirely re-
liable, might be warmly welcomed by some amateurs upon
whom the effect of a single sting is severe.

Bee-stings for rheumatism and Bright's disease come
in for mention, one man saying: "I do not remember a
single person who has kept bees that has been bothered
with this troublesome disease". Which merely goes to
show that his sphere of observation has been very limited.

The editor is sufficiently up-to-date to say that the
poison of the bee is something essentially different from
formic acid.

Right in line with the foregoing is the following " scien-
tific note " sent us as a clipping by Dr. Peiro, whom quite
a number of our readers know both by reputation and also
personally :

"Investigation of the poison of bees has shown M.
Phisalix three distinct active principles, one of which pro-
duces inflammation and the second causes convulsion, while
the third stupefies. The poison is secreted by two glands,
the acid one yielding the stupefying and inflammatory sub-
stances, and the alkaline one the substance causing con-
vulsions. The observations included the poisoning of a
sparrow by the stings of two or three bees. The bird
showed weakening within five minutes, then progressive
increase of the partial paralysis, which, at last, became a
mere trembling, interrupted by periods of somnolence.
Death came in two or three hours."

ITItsccllancous
Hctps -> 3 terns

=\

J

General Manager France, of Wisconsin, called on
us last week when passing through Chicago on his way to
New York State, where he will speak on bees and bee-dis-
eases at farmers' institutes and bee-keepers' conventions
during much of the time this month. It will be a treat for
New York bee-keepers to hear Mr. France.

Luna W. Elmore, of Jefi'erson Co., Iowa, when send-
ing his renewal subscription dollar for 1905, added these
appreciative words :

" I can't get along without a good bee-paper like the
American Bee Journal. . All bee-keepers should read every
copy. If one has only one colony of bees, a good bee-paper
will help him to give that one colony the proper care."

A Slx-Foot Swarm.— George Hodges, of Allegany Co.,
N. Y., sends us the following which originally appeared in
the Friendship Register last summer :

Mr. John Todd, who has a large apiary of nearly ISO
colonies of bees, reported an unusual sight Tuesday of sev-
eral colonies of bees that had swarmed and hung to a limb,
one swarm after another caught on until the string of bees
was nearly six feet long, and so heavy the limb finally

broke with them. He said if they could have been photo-
graphed it would have made a great picture.

Mr. Hodges then added that he had had the same thing
himself many times when the weather was warm.

A Queen-Bee Free as a Premium.— We are now
booking orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered
in May or June. This is the premium offer : To a sub-
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will give an un-
tested Italian queen for sending us one new subscription with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to
get new subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many you want
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.

" The Fort Snelllng Apiary " is the name of the
bee-yard shown on the front page this week. It is located
on the north shore of the Mississippi River, nearly opposite
where the Minnesota River empties into the Mississippi
River, and near Fort Snelling. It is a beautiful place, and
Mr. and Mrs. Acklin have often entertained their friends
at luncheon at this apiary. The honey-house and Mr.
Acklin are shown in the picture. This apiary is run mostly
for extracted honey. Three nucleus hives are shown, but
more nucleus hives, colonies, and a bee-cave are to the
right and not shown in the picture.

A Bee and Red Clover Calendar for 1905 has been
received at this office from Mr. W. F. Marks, of New York,
the chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association. The outside dimensions of the card-
board are SJixW^^. The illustration, 5x6 inches, shows a
large honey-bee and six red clover heads. This latter is
pasted near the top of the card, and the calendar below it.
At the upper left-hand corner are shown several white em-
bossed bees on a gold background. Altogether it is a very
attractive calendar, and should be in every bee-keeper's
home. Perhaps Mr. Marks will offer them for sale.

=^v

©pinions v of
Some (Experts

j^

Producing Marketable Comb Honey Without
Separators.

20. — Can marketable sections of hotiey be satisfactorily produced

wit /tout separators?

EuGKNB Secor (Iowa) — No.

Adrian Gbtaz (Tenn.) — No.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— Yes.

C. H. DiBBERN (111.) — No, no, no.

Rkv. M. Mahin (Ind.) — I think not.

J. M. Hambaugh (Calif.)— I think not.

G. M. DoouTTLE (N. Y.)— Not with Doolittle.

Mrs. J. M. Ndli, (Mo.) — No, not as a general rule.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — Yes, but not invariably by
me.

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.) — I should answer no, emphat-
ically.

L,. SXACHELHAUSBN (Tex.) — I do not know, but I do not
think they can.

Wm. Rohrig (Ariz.) — As a rule, I should not. I would
use separators.

Jan. 12, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

21

N. E. France (Wis.)— Yes, but not all with a profit.
Some will be ill-shaped.

R. h. Taylor (Mich.) — Markets generally now demand
honey produced with separators.

S. T. PettiT (Ont.) — Not now. Some of us used to do
it, but the standard is higher now.

O. O. POPPLETON (Fla.) — Not as a rule. Sometimes one
can be successful, but I would not risk it.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — Yes, but with me a good many
are bulged, or so uneven that they can not be cased.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— Yes, but they are not quite so
easily put into shipping-cases. They are usually heavier
than the others.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)— No, except with strong colonies
and in rapid honey-flows ; these come about once in 10
years, and about once in a thousand miles. I say No !

E. D. TowNSEND (Mich.) — Yes. Use i;4-inch spacing,
full sheets of comb foundation without bait-sections. I
have seen bee-keepers that would better stick to the separa-
tors.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.) — I think not; at least I have
never seen any. Sometimes we see them on exhibition at
the honey shows, but the judges have a faculty of gently
setting them aside.

E. S. LovESY (Utah)— Hardly, but if the beekeeper
uses full sheets of foundation it will often pass, as it is
generally heavier than a full section, but, as a rule, it
doesn't give satisfaction.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.) — That depends upon the market.
For most markets, and especially for distant markets, sep-
arators are a necessity with me. If honey would always
come in a flood, they would not be so necessary.

Jas. a. Stone (111.) — No. When we were getting honey
for display at the Chicago World's Fair, we agreed to take
all out of 2300 pounds from one man (who had gotten it
without separators) that would crate without the combs
rubbing, and he got us only a little over 600 pounds.

James A. Green (Colo.) — Yes. It would have to be a
very poor article of honey that was not marketable — at some
price. But I do not believe it is profitable to dispense with
separators. I do not believe it is possible to produce with-
out separators, in a commercial way, that is, on any large
scale, honey that can be satisfactorily packed, shipped and
retailed. 'There is certain to be a great deal more break-
age, leakage, and consequent loss and dissatisfaction than
with separatored honey. I have met grocers who declared
they would never handle any more honey because of their
experience with unseparatored honey, and I am sure that if
I were a consumer the average unseparatored article would
tend to discourage my use of honey.

G. W. Demaree (Ky.) — It depends upon your market
for honey in the comb. In my locality so many people pre-
fer their comb honey packed in buckets and jars, and cov-
ered with honey in the extracted form, that it is no trouble
to sell all the "out of shape" sections produced without
separators, and at a better profit than is realized from the
fancy pick. When the impractical fancyites quit writing
about "chunk honey" to discourage the introduction of
really fancy-packed comb honey, the way will be opened for
better profits, at least in a small way in apiary work. Sev-
eral years ago I shipped to L,ouisviile, Ky., from 100 to 200
buckets of comb honey cut from the section boxes and
packed in the buckets (4 to 8 quart buckets) in an upright
position, and covered with extracted honey, and the profit
exceeded that of my fancy crated sections.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and "Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for 54.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

\ (£ontributcb -f
Special Clrticles

=\

=^

No. 1— What is the Best Bee-Hive?

BY ALLEN LATHAM.

CLIMATE, local conditions, purpose, and individual
taste have all combined to bring into use a great variety
of hives, and few of these hives are without their stanch
supporters — supporters so stanch that only the most cogent
argument backed up by the strongest of confirmatory facts
will persuade them to desert their hive for some other of
different style. It is possible, but not likely, that they are
using the hive best suited to their needs, and however much
a bee-keeper believes in his own hive, he should be ready to
listen to arguments in favor of, other hives, and even ready
to try for himself the principles of these new hives, so that,
should he find them superior to those of his own hives, he
can with the least possible delay substitute the better for
the inferior.

I used for 17 years a hive with free hanging frames
made according to descriptions found in an old edition of
Father Langstroth's book. I liked the hive and still use_ a
few, but as I learned more and more of the needs of bees in
this climate, I saw more and more weaknesses in this hive.
For some three years I studied and planned a hive which I
only waited an opportunity to construct and make trial of.
My business was so pressing, however, that it was only
three years ago that I finally made a hive which involved
as many of the desirable points as I could work into it.

That year I had occasion to travel about a great deal,
and I was greatly impressed by the vast extent of unoccu-
pied bee-territory. If only I could get small apiaries estab-
lished here and there to gather the honey which was yearly
running to waste, I might add to my income in a most satis-
factory way.

But to keep two or three hundred colonies of bees widely
scattered in ordinary hives would call for such an expendi-
ture of time and energy that the project would surely fail ;
and my whole attention was therefore turned to the making
of a hive which would run itself eleven and nine-tenths
months of the year, and which would require no care be-
yond the keeping up of the quality of the bees and the re-
moval of the honey. A hive that would be cool in summer
but warm in winter ; a hive which would have a right en-
trance the whole year through ; a hive which would keep
out mice and other intruders ; a hive which would be proof
against rain, wind and all other elements— one, in fact,
which was practically automatic.

Such a hive must be large, and yet small.
I finally built four hives which apparently solved the
problem, for they were sufficiently successful to warrant my
making 28 more, and their continued success is such that I
hope to make many more this winter.

The hives were made double-walled with air-space lined
on both sides with many thicknesses of newspaper, and the
outside was covered with Paroid roofing-paper. The cover
was made to telescope over the whole, and was arranged to
nail or screw on. The bottom was made fast and also
double. The frames, 20 in number, and measuring 14 by 11
inches inside measure, were closed ends and closed tops,
and were hung crosswise of the hive. The inner bottom of
the hive sloped from the back to the front, so that there
was a space about an inch deep under the front frame, and
only a bee-space under the backmost frame. A wedge-
shaped strip of wood was nailed on the bottom thick end to
the front to serve as a ladder for the bees under the middle
of the frames, while either side-wall also furnished easy
access to the frames. The entrance was made the full
width of the hive and of varying depth. I now make the
entrance >s of an inch deep and run through it a row of
wire nails y% of an inch apart to keep out mice in winter.

The hive has other kinks which I will not take the
space here to describe, as I have pointed out its salient
features.

Such a system of bee-keeping would not admit of the
use of sections, nor would it lend itself readily to the pro-
duction of extracted honey, and the production of chunk-
honey seemed in every way to meet best the needs of the
case. The long hive was adopted rather than the tall for

22

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 12, 190 5.

two reasons — it would make a better winterer, and was
more stable.

The success of these hives has led me to construct a
hive for use in the home yard which should have the essen-
tial features of the large hive described above, and yet be
arranged for the production of section honey in the regular
way. I now have 20 such hives and like them very much.
These hives have closed-end frames hung crosswise ; are
extremely warm and well ventilated ; are cheap, made as
they are from boxes procured at the grocery ; are so con-
structed as to avoid the objections which many have for
frames hung crosswise.

Much of what I have said thus far is largely introductory
to that which is to follow. Such an introduction is unpar-
donably long, but without it I should find it difficult to
make clear all I wish to say. The purpose of writing these
articles is to exploit the closed-end frame and the crosswise
frame ; for these two features combined furnish a subject
well worth the most careful attention of every man or
woman who keeps bees.

On pages 213, 292 and 468 (1904) will be found queries
and answers relating to this subject. If you are interested
in this present article you will be repaid if you refer to the
pages named. You can gather from page 213 that the ob-
jection that most bee-keepers have to a closed-end frame is
that it lacks ease of manipulation, and that such is true few
if any will question. Why, then, have anything but a free-
hanging frame ? Simply because the ease of manipulation
is a minor factor with most bee-keepers. Truly, I believe
that the majority of bee-keepers would be better off if their
frames offered many difficulties in manipulation, for I know
that much harm is done by needless handling of the frames.
The best bee-keeper is he who can get fine results from a
colony and not have to loosen a frame from its place for
months at a time.

That queen-rearing calls for much manipulation renders
the closed-end frame unfit for that branch of bee-keeping ;
and it is doubtful if the closed-end has sufficient advan-
tages to offset its awkward features in the production of
extracted honey ; but for the production of comb honey its
advantages far out-\*eigh any objections that can be raised.
That the closed-end frame causes the death of bees in
rapid handling is true, but what of the lives of thousands
of bees that it saves ? And right here let me say that it
will not cause the death of any more bees than will the wide
bottom-bars which some of our sages are advocating.

The great advantage of the closed-end frame is its
power to conserve heat, for it not only makes the brood-
nest more snug and free from so much intercommunication
of currents of air, but it furnishes an air-space on two walls
of the hive. Space which was worse than useless before is
converted by this style of frame into actual and valuable
use. It is obvious now if it has not been before that the
closed-end frame which I speak of is closed to the very
bottom.

Frames well made, with smooth and square edges,
pressed close together, are not hard to get apart, and after
one is used to the handling of them he will find that for all
the ordinary needs they are as easy to manipulate as free-
hanging frames.

There are other advantages besides that of heat-saving.
These frames are right where you want them all the time.
If a hive gets knocked over by roving beast or mischievous
boy little harm is done, and when it comes to moving hives
about a man blesses such a frame.

Many bee-keepers call for a self-spaced frame, and find
in the Hoffman what they believe meets their needs. Why
any one will use a Hoffman frame is beyond my under-
standing, for it has practically all the disadvantages of the
closed-end frame with only one and a half of the advan-
tages. It keeps frames in place, and it shuts out half of
the too-much circulation of cold air. Why in the name of
common sense not carry the full width of the end-bar clear
to the bottom and get all the advantages ? i^i^

New London Co., Conn.
[Continued next week.]

Shook Swarming " and
Queens.

Red Clover

BY C. P. DADANT.

Having about as many c: lonies as I can well keep in town (pro-
vided they all winter), I am planing to start an out-apiary next sea-
son, and I was thinking that It might be a good plan to practice
" ehook swarming ",.and at the same time secure a supply of long- [

tongued (red clover) queens, introduce them among the brood and
nurses left queenless, thus saving them the two or three weeks' time
before they could rear a laying queen of their own. If there are any
vital objections, please give me the benefit of your experience. Also,
whether you would advise me to invest in so many long-tongued
queens— say lb to 2.5 — or would it be safer to get only a few, and the
balance Italians ?— G. A. H., Pittsfield, 111.

Replying to the above query, which reached me a few
days ago, I will say to begin with, that I am very much in
favor of the method called " shook swarming " by our
modern bee-keepers. There is nothing new in any of the
manners by which this is done, but the name, although per-
haps appropriate, has not " took " my fancy to any extent.

The manner of procedure which I prefer because it is
the safest, is to make one "swarm " out of two colonies. I
have always been in favor of safe methods, and very much
admire an old Italian proverb : —

Chi va piano va sano,
Chi va sano va lontano.
" Whoever goes slowly, goes safely; whoever goes safely goes a
long time."

The swarm is shaken from a colony into a new hive, in-
cluding the queen and one comb of brood which is given at
the same time. The swarm is left on the parent colony's
stand, and the parent colony itself is moved in the place of
another strong colony, which is in turn removed to a new
spot. If a queen is at once given to the colony from which
the old queen has been taken, there will not be much dan-
ger of swarming, but in case the bees are noticed building
queen-cells a new swarm may be made from the same hive
in a few days, and before a natural swarm has had time to
issue.

Now as to red clover queens. I have seen very much in
the papers about these, and have heard them praised, but I
am very skeptical about any one having secured any very
positive and lasting traits in a race of bees in the short
time that we have had the Italian bee with us. I
know of traits which may be fixed quite readily, such as
color, but the length of tongue has varied very much. From
the very beginning of the importations (and our old bee-
keepers will remember that we were once the most active
importers), bees have been found that could get honey from
red clover ; yet, however much I tried I never could secure a
positive advantage ; that is, secure bees that would show
regularly.

There is a time when no bees can work on red clover
and I have also seen times when even the little common
bees worked on its blossoms. I believe that the length of
corolla of the clover bloom depends upon climatic condi-
tions, and that there are seasons when all the bees are able
to reach the honey in its bloom.

When we first imported bees we had an old friend living
near us who was very much interested in this matter. He
was the first to notice that the Italians worked on red
clover. But one day he came to me and said the common
bees had noticed the others working on the clover and were
trying it, too, but could not succeed. I followed him to the
field and saw both blacks and Italians at work, and for all
the willingness I had to see the thing as he did, I could not
help concluding that they were all working alike, and that
neither the Italians nor the blacks were making much head-
way, although they seemed quite busy. This was some 30
years ago, and although we have had some of the so-called
red clover queens, I have yet to see a single barrel— even a
single 10-pound can — of red clover honey put upon the mar-
ket. I was once shown a case of very nice honey by a bee-
keeper who claimed it was from red clover, but a test of this
honey disclosed the fact that it was strongly flavored with
basswood, and I concluded that the man was deceiving him-
self in thinking that he had succeeded in producing red-
clover honey.

Yet, we must not discourage the steps that are taken
towards red clover bees, for it is a step in the right direction ;
but I do not think I would rely on the possibilities of stock
from any one apiary. On the contrary, if I desired to buy
bees I think I should order from two or three different re-
liable breeders, taking care to secure good, prolific bees
without paying much attention to the yellow color, for too
many are putting color as the first requisite.

There is no doubt that queens, reared in the South and
brought up to our Northern States at the time of swarming,
will save much time to the colonies that are divided by
shaking or otherwise, and at the present prices it pays bet-
ter for a honey-producer to buy his queens from the South
than to rear them in our northern climate.

Hancock Co., 111.

Jan. 12, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

23

==^

03ur:'5istcr

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Mareugo, 111.

" Lebkuchen " or Spice-Cake.

J

It's German, and called by the Germans "Lebkuchen ",
taken from Praktischer Wegweiser. Boil a quart of honey
in water to which has been added the rind of a lemon.
When cooled to milkwarm, add a quart of rj'e flour and one
of wheat flour, besides two ounces of cinnamon and cloves,
then a handful of preserved orange-peel cut fine, a heaping
tablespoonful of soda, the whole thoroughly mixed.

Knead this dough well upon the board, roll out as thick
as the little finger, cut into cakes, glaze with white of &%%,
put almond meats on top, and bake in tins in a tolerably
hot oven. While still hot glaze with powdered sugar stirred
thick into water, which immediately dries into a glass-white
glazing.

These cakes keep well in tin cans, and are excellent.

Preventing" Second Swarms.

I had one colony of bees in the spring of 1904 that had
■wintered, and had two swarms in the summer, with 18
pounds of honey. (Mrs ) M. E. Barbour.

Barron Co., Wis., Dec 19.

You would probably have had more honey if you had
allowed the colony to swarm only once. Of course, it is all
right to allow a second swarm if it is increase you desire,
but if honey, then one swarm is enough.

To prevent a second swarm, remove the parent colony
to a new location when the first swarm issues, and place the
swarm on the old stand. That will prevent further swarm-
ing, for all the field-workers for the next day or two will go
to the swarm, thus reducing the old colony so that it will
have no desire to swarm again.

Car of Candied Honey in Paper Packages.

I inclose a clipping from the Portland Oregonian, con-
taining a statement in regard to a shipment of candied
honey which is prepared in a new lorm. I have an idea
that this form of honey is not pure. I would like to have
your opinion on the matter. If this honey is not pure it is
probably made cheap, and would injure our honey market
in Portland. Please answer through the American Bee
Journal.

We had a very favorable season for honey the past sea-
son. We have 85 colonies of black bees. Our honey
amounted to 7000 pounds, besides the winter supply, and
the largest part of it was No. 1 white clover honey.

Cowlitz Co., Wash., Dec. 22. Mrs. L,. Schmitt.

The clipping sent by Mrs. Schmitt reads as follows :

CARLOAD OF CANDIED HONEY.

What's sweeter than honey? W. H. Pennington, of Malheur Co.,
Oreg., thinks it is his candied extracted honey, 25,000 pounds of which
has just reached this city under the direction of Woodward, Clarke &
Co. People are accustomed to buy honey in jars and tins, and,
although the article is sweet enough, it sticks and leaves one's fingers
sticky. Mr. Pennington's candied extracted honey is sold in solid
blocks in packages weighing 2, SV.J, 5 and 10 pounds. It is unlike the
yellow, sticky honey made by t)ees. Pennington's honey is a solid
block that can be cut with a knife, and served like butter or cheese.
It's newly on the market, and is Mr. Pennington's invention. Xu jar
is required to hold it, for it is sold in bags made of paraffin paptr, und
is easily handled. It is extracted from the comb in the usual way
and left to dry in the cool, frosty, dry air of eastern Oregon. Chem-
ists pronounce Pennington's honey to be absolutely pure.

It Jis highly probable that the honey mentioned is all
right, and just as probable that the editor of the Oregonian
ds not as well informed about matters apicultural as he
might be. No wonder any one, from reading what '.he
editor says, would be likely to imagine that something else
than pure honey was under consideration. "It is unlike

the yellow, sticky honey made by beea " — that sounds as if
it were something not made by bees ; and being Mr. Penn-
ington's " invention ", it would be something of his com-
pounding. But farther on he says, " It is extracted from
the comb in the usual way "; and that settles the matter as
to its source, for it would hardly be possible that Mr. Penn-
ington would put an artificial afi'air into combs merely for
the sake of throwing it out again.

Moreover, Mr. W. H. Pennington is the owner of SOO
colonies of bees, from which this year's crop was 34,000
pounds, a large part of which has evidently been put on the
market in Aikin paper-bags. That honey is all right, and
very likely so is the Oregonian editor— when not talking

about honey.

.^

Grows More Interesting-.

Mrs. L. Mack, of St. Joseph Co., Mich., writes : " I
think the American Bee Journal grows more interesting
every week ".

___ == =^

Clftcrtl^ouaI?ts

=^

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

PLAIN SECTIONS VS. SLOTTED OR BEE-WAY.

This time the experts get at the plain sections. As
many as 11 out of 25 have the cheek to confess that they
have never tried them. With favor 9 regard them, and 7
with disfavor. Only about 3 out of the 9 show anything
more than a languid sort of favor ; and only 4 of the oppos-
ing 7 oppose with vigor. On the whole, it doesn't look
much as though an overwhelming boom for the plain sec-
tion was sweeping the country. Repeatedly said that the
wa/« advantage is in getting more sections into the same
sized box when packing. Then I should reply : " Great cry,
and limited quantity of wool ". The opposing arguments
seem more important to me. When snugly packed in a
case there is serious difficulty in getting hold of one to get
it out. As all spaces in the packing case are less, some sec-
tions will have to be left out for slight protuberances which
would safely go in with the other style of fixtures. Stachel-
hausen's experience is that it takes chin exercise to make
the prospective buyer believe that they are as large as in-
setted sections which are really no bigger— look smaller
than they are, to their owner's inconvenience. Page 790,

SAINFOIN HONEY.

Our hope of honey from sainfoin in this country is not,
according to Mr. C. P. Dadant, very good. Plant itself a
failure, for one thing— all except the try, try ^gain. Even
in Europe much the greater proportion of territory, if I get
the idea correctly, yields scant nectar or none. Just otie
small province of the numerous provinces of France is
greatly noted for its sainfoin honey. Page 790.

QUEER BEE-ANTICS AND STAR-GAZING.

That's a worthy observation on page 791, the worker
that cuffed the queen after being three times refused in
offers of food — and got cuffed in return and went away. A
Chinaman in similar circumstances would not cuff Tsi Ann.
Bees seem to have got a pretty good blend of tlje spirit of
royalty with the spirit of democracy.

And Robert West will be making us all want to go to
Jamaica and see four times as many stars, and all of them
four times as big. Reminds one of the Irishman. Days
were longer in Ireland, and indade there were more of them 1
Some reality about the stars. From here we can see Sirius,
which is No. 1, but not Canopus, which is No. 2. Also the
northern circumpolar has several striking groups, but not
even one first magnitude star. The southern circumpolar
is just the opposite, few striking groups, but six stars of
the first magnitude. One of them that I should take an
early opportunity to gaze at is Bungula, much more fre-
quently called Alpha Centauri, which is our nearest neigh-
bor among the stars. The immediate circumpolar is strik-
i ingly bare of stars, even more so than the northern one

24

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 12, 190S.

would be were Polaris blotted out — nothing bigger than
fifth magnitude for 12 degrees radius.

BULK COMB HONEY MARKET.

Market for bulk comb in danger of being overstocked.
One would think so if they are all going at it. Decided
limits to the market — and market partly founded on the
miserable untruth that sections are fabricated. Customers
too enlightened to take any stock in the cry of manufactured
comb, and in the habit of buying sections, are not likely to
join in a stampede back to chunk honey. Page 792.

PRICKLY PEARS AS BEE-FBED.

Who'd a-thought it ? Who knew prickly pears were
plenty enough anywhere to use as bee-feed? D.C.Milam
is one of the pathfinders whose path few people are likely
to follow. Page 792.

"strained" honey and girlish beauty.

It's a villainous reminder of dark ages — still, with us —
that 'most everybody persists so in saying " strained
honey ". And, Sister Wilson, when we copy recipes that
have the vicious phrase in, let's quietly change it and say
nothing — as might have been done on page 793. No, I'll
take that back. To make a nice girl more beautiful than
she already is requires such " pauwerful" influences that
it's to be supposed that it won't do to trust commercial ex-
tracted honey. Crush a good section and pass it through
gauze and have some real strained honey.

SUGAR NOT GOOD FOR REARING QUEENS.

" I feed honey — sugar is not fit to rear queen-bees on."
This gospel, according to Darrow, sounds to me like good,
sound gospel, albeit I am not a safe authority, not being a
queen -breeder. Perhaps something would depend upon the
condition of the pollen-supply. Sugar syrup very inade-
quate when pollen is scarce, but almost tolerable when
abundance of pollen is coming in every day. Page 796.

'^

Doctor UliUcr's
Question = Box

J

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Correspondence School in Bee-Keeping.

What do you think of correspondence schools in bee-keeping? Do
you think bee-keeping can be learned as quickly in that way as when
working with an experienced beekeeper? Illinois.

Answer. — No amount of correspondence can equal in value di-
rect instruction at actual work in the apiary from the same teacher;
but for one who can not have this advantage it ought to be worth
much to have the privilege of information upon any desired points
through the mail; and I suppose something of this kind is meant by
a correspondence school in bee-keeping.

Queenless Colony in the Cellar-
Sections.

-Using Unfinished

1. I put 10 colonies of bees into the cellar Nov. 10, all in fine con-
dition with plenty of stores and bees. Dec. 23 in looking them over
I found a hive in which I could see no bees, so I opened it and found
about 150 dead bees and no live ones. All of the combs were in good
condition, vvith no sign of any disease, that I could see. On the cen-
ter of the middle comb there was a moldy spot about the size of a half
dollar, on which there were about 50 dead bees. There was about 35
pounds of honey in the 8 frames. (I use the 8-frame hive.)

Out of 11 colonies this one did the best last season, and was a
large colony when I put it into the cellar. What became of the bees*
My bee-cellar is a small room off from the main cellar. The tempera-
ture is from 40 to 45 degrees. Have been troubled with mice to some
extent, but there are no traces of them in this hive I speak of.

2. Would it be all right to put sections that are from }^ to '^{i full
of honey, partially capped and somewhat candied, in the supers, then
put them on the hives next summer? Would the bees eat it out, or
would they fill up the sections and cap them over? Conn.

Answers. — 1. If the colony was strong when put into the cellar, I
can not imagine any way by which in 6 weeks' time the bees should
disappear entirely, unless they should move out in a body and go into

another hive, which is very unlikely. It is rather more likely that
although the hive was heavy when put into the cellar, it did not con-
lain such a very large number of bees, the colony having become
queenless some lime before. In that case the bees that were left would
be old, and what were left might come out of their hives and die on
the ground during the 6 weeks.

2. It will not be well to put them in supers to put on the hives.
If very short of stores, the bees might empty out the candied honey
if given early enough, but the probability is that a good deal of it
would be left in the sections, and the bees would fill up the empty
space and seal over. Yet if you like candied honey for your own table,
as some do, it will work all right. If you don't want any candied
honey in the sections, you can melt them up, taking care not to over-
heat, taking off the cake of wax when cold.

Putting Bees in the Cellar— Sainfoin and Sweet
Clover Seed.

1. I have 11 colonies of bees that I wish to move 10)^ miles. When
I bring them home can I put them into the cellar at once, or would I
better let them stay out-of-doors and have a flight before putting them
in?

2. Where can I find sainfoin seed? I want to try it in this local-
ity.

3. Can I get sweet clover seed in Chicago? I see in the American
Bee Journal that a man in Kansas City advertises it, but that is quite
a distance for me to send for it. Indiana.

Answf.rs. — 1. Better put them in at once unless you are pretty
sure they'll have a flight in 2 or 3 weeks.

3. From any leading seed dealer.

3. Yes, it is always to be had in Chicago, and generally in any
large place.

< « »

Disturbing Bees in Winter.

I opened a hive last Saturday in the upper part of which was 6
pounds of honey in one-pound sections. This 1 took out. All the
other sections were empty. In the lower part of the hive were 10
frames all full of fine honey, about 50 pounds. My friend said that I
could take some or all of it out and feed the bees with sugar. I tried
to take 3 frames out, but they broke, so I left all of it in. I think
this did.a great deal of harm to the bees. What can I do? The
weather is very cold now, and the bees can't fly out.

New Jersey.

Answer.— It is a pity you made such a mistake as to attempt to
take anything from the bees so late as the first week in December
with the idea of replacing it with sugar syrup. It's a doubtful step
to do that sort of thing at any time, and if done at all should be as
early as September. Very likely there isn't anything to be done now.
It is possible that the bees are all right on the broken combs just as
they are. If, however, you want to do something for them, you might
peep in, and if the combs have fallen so as to be packed together, you
might raise them on edge, it necessary putting little sticks between
them so as to keep them apart about half an inch.

Wintering Bees in a Repository.

I bought 75 colonies of bees last fall in Langstroth hives, from the
widow of a bee-keeper who died last March. I leased the ground and
bee-house. Y'esterday I began putting them in at 10:30 a.m. and
finished at 1:30 p.m. I expected to set them like Boardman's picture
in A B C, but it was too warm to remove the bottom-boards, so I sat
them one above another. And then the cleats on the corners were un-
even, so they would not set level side by side. They have only a 'VxW
entrance, and I fear it will get clogged with bees. This is my first
experience with a winter repository.

Can I go into the bee-house soon with a dim light, pry up the
bodies and place inch blocks under the front coriers? They are 4
hives deep, and weigh SO pounds. Or would you depend upon going
say Jan. 15. February and March, and cleaning out the dead bees with
an iron rod* Half of them have a 13-2 -inch hole in the covers. Their
formerowner wintered them for 30 years just as I have them fixed.

Missouri.

Answer — If for 30 years they have been wintered just as they
are, and it that wintering has been entirely successful, it would seem
a pretty safe thing to continue without change. Y'et, on general
principles, I should fear that a ^ entrance would get clogged. Little
danger just at first, the trouble becoming constantly worse as winter
advances. So it is probably advisable to increase the ventilation as
early as some time in January. If you go about it quietly there ought
not to be much trouble. A dark lantern, a bicycle lamp, or a common
lamp having a paper over the chimney with a hole cut in one side will
be good. It's a question which will be best, to pry up the hives just
as they stand or to re-pile them, loosening up each one as you pile.
If they get too much stirred up, you can wait for them to settle down.
Even if it should take you a day or t«o, you'll sleep enough better
afterward to feel that there's little danger of their smothering with
clogged entrances.

See Langstroth Book Offer on another page of this
copy of the American Bee Journal.

Jan. 12, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

25

(£onxxnttton
Procccbino;s

THE ST. LOUIS CONVENTION.

J

Report of the 35th Annual Convention, of the

National Bee-Keepers' Association Held at

St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 27-30, 1904.

Coutiaued from page lO.J

The President called on Prof. Louis H. Sclioll, of
Texas, to address the convention on

SOHETHINQ ABOUT TEXAS BEE-KEEPINQ.

Prof. Scholl — I have not had time to get up a paper
as I should have done, and, therefore, I have only taken
a few notes which I generally put down in this little book.
I shall say a few words about Texas, although I do not
know whether it will be as a paper would have been. The
trouble is I don't know what you all want to know about
Texas. We have a State dowh there, a big old piece of
land, and have some bee-keepers in there, and some of
them are a pretty good size, not only in the number of
colonies, but they grow big, too.

Now, most of you know something about the statis-
tics of Texas in the way of the production of honey. In
the last census, gotten out in 1899, we have nothing to
show exactly what we have down there, but I have
been working on it in the way of getting statistics for
our department, and have obtained some figures that
are considerably larger than the census reports got out.
In getting these statistics I am trying to get a complete
name list of the bee-keepers in the State, and in that
way I have them report to me the number of colonies
they have, the amount of honey produced; and other
things, and thus I have gotten at some figures. I may
say that we have over 400.000 colonies of bees in the
State, and the amount of honey produced by these is
only about 5,000,000 pounds, that is, the average per col-
ony is only about twelve pounds, due to the fact that we
have so many little one-horse bee-keepers and box-hive keep-
ers, although we have some of the very best you can
find anywhere, and some of them with large apiaries and
producing lots of honey. Now, figuring on these colon-
ies at that low average we have an output of more honey
than any other state, and we claim that Texas is in the
lead in the output of its honey product. If that is the
case with such a low average, where would Texas be with
the average raise, which can be done because we have
the country down there. If we improve our bees and
everything we can have an output away beyond what
we have now, and in that case Texas would simply be
away ahead.

Now somebody may be interested in the way I would
divide Texas as a honey State: Beginning with North
Texas, north of Fort Worth, where we have very few
bees, it is a plain, and nothing but cattle there, and
very little bee-forage.

In East Texas, where we have our pine forests and
oil and rice lands, we have along the low places and
rivers a good deal of basswood, quite an abundance of it,
and of holly, and these yield a large amount of honey,
but the trouble there is the country is not settled up yet
and there are very few apiaries located there. Those
that are located produce a whole lot of honey, but the
great abundance of the honey is of poorer quality.

Take Central Texas, that is the great cotton-belt;
there we produce cotton-honey mostly, and there is
where we have more of the horse-mint, but of late years
on account of the drouth the horse-mint has become
scarce, and on account of the boll-weevil, which is one
of our greatest evils down there, the cotton crop has
been cut short.

Take West Texas, it is a somewhat mountainous por-
tion and there are only some localities that produce honey
properly, and sumach is the only honey-plant worthy of
mention. I

Then South Texas, below Houston, is a low, swampy
plain, and rice and things like that are produced more
tlian anything else, and along the rivers and the lagoons
and lakes wc have the rattan-vine which yields a lot of
honey, but it is of poorer quality. It is shipped to the
Northern market for manufacturing purposes.

When we go to Southwest Texas we go to a coun-
try that I do not think can be surpassed anywhere. We
have there almost an unlimited amount of bee-pasture;
we have the mesquite tree, the wahea, the cat-claw and
many other things; even the prickly pear, with which
some of the prairies are just covered, helps us out a
good deal in some years.

I have been asked a great many questions about loca-
tions in Texas for bee-keepers. I might say that we have
many locations in Southwest Texas where bee-keeping
could be carried on and large amounts of honey gathered,
but most of these are away from the railroads and most
of the land is sandy land, and a person would simply
have to go out and camp and "bach" out in the woods,
and haul his product to the railroad stations about 40 or
50 miles, and run things at long distances. Southwest
Texas is not a very good farming country. It is only
of use as a cattle country and for bee-keeping. They
both go well there. As the railroads are opening up the
land, bee-keeping will progress and open up new locali-
ties, and the time will come when Southwest Texas, if
properly stocked up with bees, will be the greatest bee-
country I know of or have any idea of.

I would like to say a few words about agriculture
at the Texas A. and M. college. I have had the position
as apiarist at the Station and have charge of the agri-
cultural work of the State, and I believe that great good
could be done by having such work carried on by the
Experiment Station. I would like this so that other States
might take up the work as they surely should do. I
think much good could be done if they could do so. We
have at College Station an apiary of 40 colonies, and a
bee-house and all the equipments necessary, besides a
good deal of other equipment which is mainly kept there
for show and for the use of students, to get them ac-
quainted with the different materials used, and I think
we have the best equipped station or experimental apiary
anjrwhere in the world; at least it has been pronounced
so by everybody that has seen it or knows anything
about it. It was established in 1902, when we received
an appropriation from the State Legislature of $750 to
start \yith; that was for two years; for the next two years,
1904-5, we have received $900 more, and with this money
we have been enabled to establish this apiary and all the
equipment, and we have received from the college ten
acres of land for the location, with a ravine running
through it, all of which makes an ideal location for an
apiary. \A/'e have put up a bee-house which has been
planned and built so that later on it will be used as a
plan to be given out to the bee-keepers so that they can
copy after it, and build ideal bee-houses for their own
use.

We have in this enclosure about four acres of land
in two fields put into cultivation for the testing of honey-
plants, and we have planted a good many different honey-
plants that have been written about, and that we have
run across, to see as to their value and whether it will pay
or be profitable to plant trees. We have tried as many as
forty different kinds for the last two years — forty-one dif-
ferent kinds- this year — and we have found only a very
few adapted to the conditions of Texas that will be profit-
able to plant for honey; these at the same time are
planted for forage. Besides, many of the experiments
that we have carried on show that it would not pay to
raise any of these others for honey alone. Further ex-
periments will be carried on along these lines. We
have been looking around also for honey-plants or shrubs
from further west, from the more arid regions, with the
view of planting these in localities where the natural
honey-flow is scarce. If wc could propagate plants from
other localities, in other words, put up an artificial
yield of honey, it would increase apiculture and we could
have honey-producing localities where no honey is pro-
duced now. This will take a good deal of work and
time.

In the apiary we have several diflferent races of bees
which are tried for different experiments. As we get
their results they will be published later.

In the way of experiments we have a good many on

26

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 12, 190S.

our list. As time goes on it becomes more apparent that
some of these experiments must be carried out by people
who have some say so, who have some authority, so that after
the experiments are made we have something to go by. For
instance, *vhen we went through this glucose and sugar feed-
ing mist that comes up every once in a while, if we had
some authority on this subject, someone that could tell
us just exactly all about it, it would help us out a whole
lot. Some of these things are exactly what we are go-
ing to do down at the Station. Last night I took some
notes on these very things, and we are going to try
those. It takes time and money to carry out accurate
experiments of this kind. I should say that work of this
kind should be carried out at every State station, and if
the bee-keepers only will, they can have such work done.
It was brought about by our bee-keepers down in Texas.
We had our first meeting at College Station in 1901.
While down there we made a request for an apiary at
the college, and an apiarist, where such work could be
carried on. I am glad to say it suceeded, although it
took lots of hard work. We secured only a very small
appropriation, $750, but it gave us a start, and now we
enjoy having the best equipped experimental apiary any-
where, and are going to try to keep ahead of any that
«ver comes up.

One of the experiments we have under way is the
manufacture of honey-vinegar. In large apiaries there is
always a waste of honey, and if we could manufacture
that into honey-vinegar, and work up a market for it,
and sell it, we could save a whole lot of money for the
bee-keepers. Then we have a lot of cheap-grade honey
that should not be put on the market, and which, if put
on, lowers the price of good honey. We are trying to
find out if this, cannot be made into honey-vinegar to
more profit, and thus save the price of the better-grade
lioney.

Another experiment we are going to start is along
the wax and foundation line. We are going to try to find
out the amount of honey consumed to produce wax.
While it would not perhaps be profitable to convert
the cheap honey into wax, perhaps we could take this
•cheap honey and have the bees convert it into wax and
put it on the market in the shape of wax instead of ofifer-
ing them the lower grades of honey at a' cheaper price,
thus lowering the price of the better grade. We are also
experimenting along the line of rendering the wax of old
combs, and along the line of such hives and accessories
and other things. At almost ever" convention I attended
last year, something like 14, the question came up as to
the best hive, and similar questions; there also comes up
the question as to the difference between the regular
Langstroth and some others, and the divisible brood-
chamber hive. Some of those things will never be settled
unless they are taken up by some scientific worker, or
somebody who will take accurate note of these things.
If a bee-keeper has a hobby of his own he will bring up
something, and he will claim his way is the best, and
always have a hive of his own that he carries about
with him. This is not the case with somebody that has
this work in charge somewhere else. He wants to get
■down to the facts of the case; he does not care what the
results will be; what he is after is to get at the fact,
and prove it, and he will carry on the work until he is
through with it, and then come back and go over it, and
then when he gets through he has his results noted,
and they are to the point, This cannot be done by the
■bee-keeper, for a good many reasons; he hasn't the time,
and he has hives of his own, and he is not accurate
enough. He cannot because he has too many other things
calhng for his attention. All these things should be
taken up by the Station.

Honey-bottling is another one of our problems down
there, in other words, putting up honey and preventing
it from crystallization. It is quite an important problem,
and I don't know yet what we are going to do with it.
The majority of consumers prefer honey in a liquid state.
We have some honeys there that granulate in a few weeks
after being taken from the hive. Before we can put
that on the market we have to reliquefy it, and maybe it
will candy again. Sometimes we have honey on the
road and it is delayed, and when it reaches the consumer
it is candied, and he does not want "sugar-honey," and it
is returned to the bee-keeper. If we could find a way of
putting up this honey; especially of putting it up in a
fancy way, as some people put it up, and keeping it from

granulating, it will be worth a whole lot.

Besides this there are a great many other problems.
The work of managing outyards at long distances with
the least amount of labor and attention, and trying to
make the biggest amount of money out of our product.
We have another apiary at one of the sub-stations and
we have made arrangements for co-operative work. Texas
is so large, and has such varied conditions, that we have
to carry on our work in different sections, which makes it
harder for the apiarists at the station. The coming year
we will take up work along more scientific lines. We
have made a card catalog of almost all of the scientific
work that has been done, most of it taken from experi-
ment station records. We did this so that we could see
what had been done along these lines before we went
ahead. We want to prevent all the repetitions possible.

At the College we have given instruction to the
students in apiculture. The College has not been able
to put on apiculture as a regular course because the time
is taken up by other studies. They have made an elective
study of it for senior class students, for the whole State;
in this way we have had some State students, but during the
spring-time of the College we have a short course in api-
culture, and in this way we had 18 short-course students
last year who took apiculture, and it prepared them
pretty well for the work after they left the College. Be-
sides this, we have students working in apiaries during
the season who work under the Student Labor Fund,
and in that way they get a good deal of information.

There are many questions that come up that should
be taken up by experiment station people. I think an
experimental apiary ought to be established at each of the
experiment stations of the different States, especially
those in which apiculture is carried on to any great ex-
tent, and this can be done by bee-keepers if they only
go after it. We did it down there, and I think it can be
done in other States. Louis H. Scholl.

The President called upon Mr. Moe, the repre-
sentative from Cuba, who was escorted to the platform
by Mr. Hyde, after which the President introduced him
to the convention.

BEE-KEEPINQ IN CUBA.

Mr. Moe — I did not come here with the idea of making
a speech, and you will have to excuse me along any such
lines. I came here to get what information I could
along those lines of bee-keeping that interest me. You
are aware, of course, that the conditions with us are very
different from what they are with you in many respects.
Your bee-keepers probably have different methods, so
do we, and it possibly would not be practicable or wise
to tell you all about our methods because you could not
take them back home and apply them. I do not read your
articles on winter bee-keeping, because they are of no
value to me, and possibly for me to go on and tell you
about what we do would be of no value to you. What in-
terests me most is how I can produce the mos^ honey,
rear the best queens, and sell my honey to the best advan-
tage. The question of wax cuts some figure with us.
We can produce that perhaps better than you can. When
I commenced bee-keeping there I wanted to do it per-
fectly, acording to what you call the right method. I
have got into it this far that I am cutting the corners
off and going across lots; I am not doing all the fancy
wiring and full-sheet foundation work; I found it didn't
pay; we get so little flow of honey we have to produce
it. I think if you give the matter study and thought you
will find that it is all in the location. That is all I
have to say, Mr. President.

(Continued next week. ]

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug-. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the oflSce of the
American Bee Journal.

Amerikanlsche Blenenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for fl.75. Address
all orders to this office.

Jan, 12, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

27

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Jvcports anb
(Experiences

Good Honey Crop.

The honey crop was fairly good last
season. We had 17 colonies, spring
count, and 1100 pounds of nice, salable
section honey ; no white clover honey.
Bees went into winter quarters well
supplied with honey.

R. A. Marshall.

Wright Co., Iowa, Dec. 28.

Bees All Right So Far.

Bees in New England are all right so
far this winter. New Year's day of-
fered a fine opportunity for a thorough
flight. The thermometer registered 46
in the shade; there was little wind,
and the sky was clear the whole day
long. There should be no occasion for
severe loss from long winter confine-
ment this year. My own bees seem to
be in excellent condition.

Allen Latham.

New London Co., Conn., Jan. 4.

Problem of Wintering Bees.

The article by Allen Latham, page
8SS (1904), on wintering bees, is a
very good one, but I think he left out
one very essential part — that of an
upward passage. Very likely he has a
bee-space above the frames, but many
do not have. I have kept bees over 25
years and can not remember losing one
colony in wintering. But I have always
read several good bee-papers.

I think over one-half of the loss of
bees last winter was because the bees

Grew

Better Fruit!

Learn from expert orchardlsts.
berry-growers, spraying authori-
ties and other practical men
whoseexperience ranks them as .^'^
authorities In fruit culture, .i^^
Such men are regular 4a^
contributors to that
"handsomest of
farm papers"

ST JOSEPH MISSOUR.1

SOc A YBAR

Never dry or tleepy—alwaya "meaty" and wide
awake. During 1906 Special Edltlona will be
devoted to "SprayiDK," "Gardening," "Small
Fruits" and ''AppleB." Our Bro. Jonathan
oerles of 10 fruit booklets on "Orcharding.
"SmaU l-riilts." etc., at 26c each, are dollar-
makers for fruit-growers. Ask how to
get them free. Send 25c and names of
10 persons intereBted In fruit-
growing for a year's trial. East-
em Eiiid'nyi for States east n( Ohio.
THE FKl'IT- GROWER CO.
906 S. 7tii, 8t. JuMeph, Mo.

please mention Bae Journal ^olien 'wrltliia

28

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 12. 1905.

•■sj.

•W

B66-SUDPll6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larpe stock and
greatest variety of everything-
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing- B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting- Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.-Trester Supplv Co., Lincoln,Neb.; Shngart & Ouren, Council Bluffsjowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers. Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

s7!e5*c;e mentiOTi Bee joumai wnen WTitm&

I $4.00 Per Thousand |

1 ^

^ No. 1 Bee-way or Scalloped SECTIONS, A'4^'^H^'>-Vs, for No. 1 bee- ^:

■^ hive. For a limited time, at per thousand, S4.00. ^

^ Send for prices on other lines of goods. We save you money. ^-

I JOHN DOLL & SON, I

j$ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 9;-

Please mention Bee journal "wlien ■writine

Louis Han§§6n's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEWIS CO.'S

B-WARE

Lowest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

Davenport. Iowa, 213-215 f.2fl St

Please mention the Bee Journal. 36A26t

"TELEPHONE ;S°"

a book of meaty telephone information pivinpr just
^rhat the farmer wants lo know about 'phones. A
'•stralRbt from the shonkler" talt. A book that
will post you how to buy riRht. Sent free if you
J ask for botik F-Sa Addrtsa nearest ojrice.

I StrombsrE-Carlson Tel, Co., Rochester, N. T., Chicago, III.

could not get to the honey. Either
they were not wrapped and packed
properly or there was no upward pas-
sage. I positively do not believe it can
be so cold they can not move to the
honey as fast as eaten, if everything
else is all right. Irving Long.

Linn Co., Mo.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freieht. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M.H. HUNT* SON.
Bkll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

i DITTMER'S FOUNDATION

5 IS THE BEST j-

Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES. *'

EARLY ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES.

Whoi,ksai.e and Retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DIXXMER, Augusta. ^Vis. ^

t'lease menUon Bee Journal when wntm^.

Light Yield of Honey.

The honey harvest the past season
was light, taking the county through.
Frojn 27 colonies, spring count, I har-
vested 900 pounds of white comb honey.
We got no fall honey in this county,
but bees filled the hives quite well for
winter. I have just got my bees into
the cellar for winter. I increased to
43 colonies, which are in fair condi-
tion. John Cline.

Lafayette Co., Wis., Dec. 10.

Marketing Honey— Wintering Bees
—Sections.

This has not been as good a honey
year as last. White clover yielded very
little as it winter-killed last winter
badly, and I think the young clover did
not produce much. Still I got 2,540
pounds or about 60 pounds spring
count, some of it nice basswood. I sell
my honey all at home, going over the
town of about 3,000 inhabitants about
3 or 4 times every fall, and I find that
people will buy who never call for
honey at the stores. When they see it
they want it, or at least the children
do. My wife sells what she can from
the house, not like theEnglish woman,
on commission ; she keeps it all and
calls for more when she wants it.

I put my bees in the cellar the 14th
of this month. The bottoms of the
hives are nailed on. I tier up the 54
hives 3 high in rows, 5 without any
special ventilation in a room parti-
tioned off in the back end of my cellar
12x12 feet. I have practiced this for 20
years and my loss has not averaged 5
percent, except when they have been
short of stores.

I use the 4,'4^x4X sections, 7 to the
foot. 28 in a case. My hives are 19x14,
outside measurement, and 9'2 deep, so
you can see I have no waste room in
the hives, nor a lot of traps to look
after in the fall or winter. I believe
in simplicity and utility. The one-
piece square section is good enough for
me. Sensible people will soon find out
that the tall section fad is more for

The his brother of the original or Illi-
nois tvpe of Keid's Yellow Dent. Bred
to fit" the Iowa iilea of lonsjer ears,
rougher grains, plenty of vigor, and a
big yield. Same perfect form, hand-
some color, deep grains and straight
rows, but a bitrger. better type every
way. I sell it either ear or shelled.
Catalog, photographs, and samples
free and i throw in a package of
watermelon seed and one of flower
seeds besides. Send for tbem today.
IlEXRY FIELD
Seedsman
Bo:t50
Shenandoah, la.
"The c^rifcta c^rn in,iu.

Please mention Bee Joumai
when writing advertisers.

Jan. 12, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

29

s^-^"€)-cI>cIkI)»cIkI>

*
iiii;»j«i

"•i.^j»il)<&»cl)«&

'•<^<^'<b"'^

4 BEE=KEEPERS KNEW

^ — THAT

I MDMT'S FOUNDATION I

WAS THE BEST.

They still know that it excels.

Over 100,000 Pounds sold during the past season. Its 27th Year.

We guarantee satisfaction.

i BEE-SUFPLlESoiaiiRindsBEESWflXiantedayii limes i

We work wax into Foundation. Catalog Free.
Write for our Discounts.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

Please mention Bee Journal -wlien -writina.

TREES THAT

Hardy varieties
itig crops. G
Apple, 4>-,c; Bui

Loirust Seed-
111^8, tl per

1000, Con-
:ord Grape?,
per 100. We
Che freight.
If. Enjriish
man, free.
NURSERIES
Beatrice, Neb.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and g-iving entirely satisfactory re-
salts. Comb foundation made easily and

?aickly at less than half the cost of buying
rem the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Il'ORMASLr.r

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. 1] 11 Send B
Send (or free catalogue, fUf [i

BANTA MFQ. CO., LIISOHIER. INDIANA. FretCatiloc B

You would not think of buying

Why? *^''S« Raisins

Not because you could not use them,

pjlj-f because on account of the price hereto-
■-'•^*' fore paid you have learned to regard
raisins as a holiday luxury oalj.

We are shippinfir out several carloads of
CHOICE SEEDED RAISINS in 16 oz. cartons, 50
cartons to case, from which you can lay in a
winter's supply at $3.85 per case, or two cases
for $7.50 f.o.b. either Chicago or Denver, Colo.

Address, H. L. WEEMS,

p. O. Box 267, CHICAGO, ILL., or
H. E. TENNEY,

325 E. Iliff Ave., DENVER, COLO.
•*S"Refereiice, Americaa Bee Journal. 51A4t

looks than to hold honey, and some
of the old " honest Johns " will not
be slow in comparing^ weig:hts with
them. Honesty is the best policy if a
man wants to hold his home market
sure.

I think Mr. Hasty is often too hasty.
What suits one locality does not suit
another. Like the tariff, some want
high, some want low, and some none.
Some want large hives, some small ;
some want side room to store in, some
top. Give me a hive that my bees can
increase in, and give them room on top
as fast as they need it, and not a day
faster. Wm. Cleary.

Kossuth Co., Iowa, Nov. 29.

Bees In Good Condition.

My bees are in good condition. I
carried '2 colonies into the cellar the
first of December. They were all good
and heavy. Henry Brickhr.

Defiance Co., O., Dec. 23.

The Pennsylvania Bee-Keepers'
Association.

On page 554 of the issue for Dec. 22
I find a report of the first annual con-
vention of the Pennsylvania State
Bee Keepers' Association. I find in
Volume XI, pages 108 and 109, that the
Pennsylvania Bee-Keepers* Associa-
tion was organized in the city of Erie,
Oct. 1, 1873, at the time of the State
Fair. The oflicers elected for the first
year, and who took their respective
offices at once were : President, Seth

Langstroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This'^is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so weU-
known to all the readers of tlie Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by foUowing the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we will
ma.il it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO. ILL.

NO DIRTL§ET

/^IjMM f— ~=^ L — a Inilnthes washed witli toe

k9H^^^BSH\ ,_ BUSY BEE WASHER '

/ftf^HL 1 H^B \ 100 piece.s m one h..iir nnd

NJk^l^^ GiS/ \ 'I'^fa^rd work done. That's

|Ak^ BRf ttii' t-fie record. Aievnt*

tfUPFlSr'" ^ -rJ?Sr Wanted. Exclusive

_ sale, ""rite for term?.

BUSY BEE WASHER CO. Box E ERIE, PA.

30

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNALv

Jan. 12, 190£,

TI16

Dixie Home

lO CENTS A YEAR.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
ziNB in tlie world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce it ONLY.
It Is bright and up-
lo-date. Tells all about Southern Home Life.
;t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
auildings and famous people. Send at once.
■Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ada and Mexico. Six years, 50c. Or, clubs of
6 names, £0c; 12for$I. Send us a club. Money
back i f not delighted. Stamps talten. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
24A48t No. 7S. Birmingham, Alabama.

fleaae mention Bee Journal ■wnen ■writang.

^ a

■'oss "-si

SS S . o 3 „ a • ,• „ „ 9 a J » "S »•,

S.oSSEg

•O -i*

?S«

d Q^

aggg«=

«52

ci sti 5 o-'? Mc g-^ q; ^JS-o *^ mn .— tj

&• Oj O

a

M

.s!l|lii5ili:.^i-El

._.a>"a

C»*3 OJ t- n

Q es > t- «

4) H

■gtor a
as<U«

S2_|

-SOB

a s

CiT?

<

.-'ease mention Bee Jo^i^nal \Then "writinjE.

^PROGRESS**

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best
all-around 50-cent monthly bee-journal
in America. On trial 3 months lor this
ad. withlOcents. Clubbed with this pub-
lication both for one year for f 1 25; or
send us 25 cents for a 3 months' trial and
your name and address on a 2-Une rub-
ber stamp; self-inking^ pad, 25c extra.
Or send $1.00 and get The Rural Bee-
Keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents get lib-
eral terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells them at reasonable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
V. H. PUTNAM.
Dept. so-C. River Falls. Wis.

lAtf

Please mention the Bee Journal

12

80 Fof
200 Egq
« INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction ana
action. liatthea every fertile
egg. Writ« Tor catalog to-day,

GEO. H. STAHL^ Oulacy, III,

Second-hand^s:i^()aDsCheap

We have a quantity of tiO-pound tin-cans (.2 in
a box> which we have lately emptied ourselves,
and so know they are all right. In lots of 20 or
more boxes (40 cans) we will sell them at 40c a
box. Order at once as they will soon be gone.
These are a bargain. Address,

THE YORK HONEY CO.

Henkv M. Aknd, Mgr.
101 East Kinzie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Hoagland, of Mercer County ; vice-
presidents, John Sunell, of Dauphin
County, and A. J. Lee, of Crawford
County ; secretary, W. J. Davis, 1st,
of Venango County. Among' those
present, and joining the society, were
J. R. Ely, president of the State Agri-
cultural Society, Mr. Ray, of West-
moreland County, P. Morris, editor of
the Practical Farmer, Dr. W. H. Eagle,
of Harrisburg, and others from the
central and eastern part of this State.

The report of the meeting makes
very interesting reading, even now
after the lapse of 31 years.

Mr. Hoagland reported that his colo-
nies paid him in honey and increase
$80 per colony, spring count, in 1873.
James Russell, the treasurer, of course
took charge of the funds of the society,
some $16 or $18. Would it not be well
for the present P. B.-K. A. to inquire
about the ex-treasurer of the society of
1873 7 W. J. Davis, 1st.

Robertson Co., Pa., Dec. 22.

Fine Weatlier— Honey Searee.

The weather is fine so far but dry.
There is not much hope for white
clover in this part of the country.
Honey is scarce now, and prospects are
for better prices. A. A. HousER.

McDonough Co., 111., Dec. 15.

Honey-Producers' Association Col-
lapsed.

At a meeting of the stockholders of
the Central California Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association, held at Hanford
last Monday, it was decided to disin-
corporate the organization. The cause
of this move can not be accounted for
in any other way than to say that there
was a lack of confidence in the man-
agement. The condition of the busi-
ness for the past year looked bad, and
the stockholders did not want to take a
chance at being run seriously into

debt another year. At any rate, the
benefits received from the organization
were very slim. The collapse of the
association is of no credit to the man
who held the position of manager. —
Kingsbury [Calif.] Recorder, Dec. 14,
1904.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Wisconsin.— The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet in the Supervisor's
Room in the Court House, at Madison, Feb. 1,
2, 1905. All bee-keepers are invited to attend.

Augusta, Wis. Gus Dittmer, Sec.

New York.— The Jefferson County Bee-Keep-
ers' Society and New York State Association
will hold their meeting in the City Hall, Water-
town, N. Y., Jan. 17 and 18, 1905. The general
manager, N. E. France, and other prominent
bee-keepers, are expected to speak.

Black RiTer, N.Y. George B. Howe, Sec.

New York.— A bee-keepers' institute, under
the auspices of the Bureau of Farmers' Insti-
tutes of the State of New York, will be held at
Fulton, N.Y., Monday, Jan. 16, 1905. Mr. N. E.
France has been engaged by the Department of
Agriculture, as speaker. The annual business
meeting of the Oswego County Bee-Keepers*
Association will be held at the same time and
place. Chas. B. Allen, Sec,

Central Square, N. Y.

Mortimer Stevens, Pres.

New York.— The Fulton and Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will hold the
next meeting at Amsterdam, N. Y., Thursday,
Jan. 19, 1905, in connection with a bee-keepers'
institute. Arrangements have been made with
F. E. Dawley, Chief of the Bureau of Institutes,
to furnish Mr. N. E. France, General Manager
of the National Association, as the principal
speaker, and all are cordially invited to come.
This will also be the annual business meeting
of the society. T. I. DncDALE, Sec.

West Galway, N. Y.

New York. — A series of bee-keepers' meetings
have been arranged for in this State, as fol-
lows: Syracuse, Jan. IS; Watertown, Jan. 17, 18;
Romulus, Jan. 11; Cortland, Jan. 13; Fulton,
Jan. 16; Amsterdam, Jan. 19. Mr. N. E. France,
the general manager of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, has been engaged to address
the meetings, by the State Department of Agri-
culture, through the Bureau of Farmers' Insti-
tutes, F. E. Dawley, Director. The convention
at Watertown, Jan. 18, will be the meeting of
the State Association, at which many of the

•.,♦?■

The Oliver Typewriter

The Standard Visible Writer,

#

ifii

■■*."■

Its Record has never been equaled- JSC Art Catalog Free,

168 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO.

Jan. 12. 19CS

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

31

FEK-FBCT OOOIDS !

LiO-W FR,ICE5S 1

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

We manufacture

BEE-SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

(Been at it over 20 years.)

It Is always BEST to buy of the makers.

New Illustrated Catalog Free.

For nearly 14 years we have published

THe * flmeriGan i Bee-Keeper

(Monthly, SOc a year.)

The bCBt magazine for beginners, edited by one

of the mcst experienced bee-keepers in

America. Sample copy free.

Address,

Th W. T. FALCONER MFG. COMPANY

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full
line of onr goods at Catalog prices. Order of
him and save the freight.

progressive bee-keepers of this and adjoining
States are expected to be present and take part
in the d-scussions.
C. A. Howard, Sec. W. F. Marks, Pres,

Nebraska.— The annual meeting of the Ne-
braska ttee- Keepers' Association will be held at
the Experiment Station at Lincoln, on Monday,
Jan. 16, 1905, at 2 p.m. Will you be there and
favor us with a paper along the lines of bee-
keeping in which you aie particularly inter-
ested ? It is hoped that Ernest R. Root will be
present for a good talk. Headquarters will be
at The Windsor Hotel, where cheap rates have
been secured. This will be one of the first
meetings in the weeks' series; let us have a good
one. L. D. Stilson, Sec, York, Nebr.

E. Whitcomb, Pres.

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee- Keepers'
Association will hold its annual convention
Feb. 23d and 24th, at the Eagle Hotel in Grand
Rapids, The Eagle Hotel is located at 65 to 71
Market St., cor. of Lewis St., one block south
of Monroe St. It will give a rate of $1.50 per
day, and furnish a room free for holding the
convention. The Michigan State Dairymen's
Convention will meet in Grand Rapids at the
&ame time, and advantage may be taken of this
fact to secure reduced rates on the railroads.
When buying your ticket, ask for a certificate
on account of the Dairymen's Conveuiion. The
secretary of the Dairymen's Association will
sign this certificate which will then enable the
holder to buy a return ticket for one-third fare.
Several associations often thus meet at the
same time and place, the secretary of one asso-
ciation signing the certificates for all of the as-
sociations, the same being done with the knowl-
edge and consent of the railroads — it simplifies
matters. Grand Rapids is the second largest
city in the State, easily accessible from the
north, south, and central parts of the State, in
the heart of a good bee-country, and, with the
low rates assured, there should be a large
crowd in attendance.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

4^DlSG0UnU0F6ft.l8t

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

48Atf LANSING. MICH.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.2) to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

B66-KG6D6PS' Supplies.

Send for Calalo^'^.

Leahu MtQ. Co., East St. Louis, ills.

2A16t Please mentioa the Bee Journal.

WANTED--HONEY

BEE -SUPPLIES

THE BEST MADE.

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices S

Take advantage of the DISCOUNTS allowed on

EARLY orders.

You will SAVE MONEY by buying from me.

Cincinnati is one of the BEST SHIPPING POINTS.

«^Low6St FreiQlit Rates, Pronipl Service and^
Salisfactiofi Guaranteed.

CATALOG MAILED FREE.

Office and Salesrooms— 214G-'l8 Central Av
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves

e. R. m. lUeber,

CINCINNATI.
OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal ■when "writinft

£)oncy anb
4- Bccstpax-f

Chicago, Dec. 7.— The market is well supplied
with all kinds of honey; the demand is of a
light nature. Fancy comb honey briag^s 14c,
but quality as well as appearance is necessary;
No. 1 sells at 12H@13c; off grades difficult to
move at l@3c less. Extracted, choice white,
7@7^c; amber, t.a>7c, with off grades about 5^^c
per pound. Beeswax, 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Nsw York, Dec. 7. — Receipts of late have
been quite heavy, and while there has been a
fair demand, it has not been up to former years
and stocks are somewhat accumulating, conse-
quently prices show a tendency to decline, and
in large lots quotation prices as a rule are
shaded. We quote fancy white at 14@15c; Nd.
1 white at I2(g>13c; amber, lie; buckwheat, 10c.
Extracted in fair demand at 6(g'6^c for white
clover; SJ^c for buckwheat; 50^60c per gallon
for Southern, according to quality. Beeswax
firm at from 28(ai29c.

HiLDRETH A. SbGBLKEN.

Kansas City, Dec. 30.— The best comb honey
is selling at 12.25 per case of 24 sections, and
the demand for same Is very slack. Extracted
is moving fairly well, fancy stock selling at
6)ife7C' ^® look for the market on comb honey
to improve shortly after the first of the year,
as the dealers will have the stock that they
bought for the holiday trade about cleaned up.
Beeswax in good demand at 30c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Philadelphia, Dec. 24.— As usual around the
holidays, there is not much call for either comb
or extracted honey. Prices remain about the
same as the last quotations. Some odd lots
having arrived in the market in the last 10 days
weakened the price of lower grades. Fancy
white comb, 15@16 cents; No. 1, 13@14c; amber,
ll((!l2c. Extracted, white, 7@3c; amber, 6@7c.
Beeswax, 26c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Boston, Dec. 22.— During the honey season
the honey demand has been practically at a
stand-still. Stocks seem to accumulate rather
than to diminish. While prices are practically
as per our last, yet on the whole, tbe tendency
seems to be to a lower level. Our market to-
day is practically as follows: Fancy white,
16c; A No. 1, 15c; No. 1, 14c, with practically no
demand for No. 2. Extracted, from 6® 8c, ac-
cording to quality.

Blake, Scott Sl Lbe.

Cincinnati, Dec. 30.— Since our last report
was published, the price of extracted honey has
advanced, no doubt acting in sympathy with

the sugar market. We quote amber extracted
in barrels at 6(S>6J^c; white clover, in barrels
and cans, 6^@8J^c. Fancy comb honey, 13@14c.
Beeswax, 2Sc. The Fred W. Muth Co.

Albany, N.Y., Dec. 26.— Comb honey is mov-
ing off very well considering the heavy re-
ceipts and cold weather. Prices not as high
as early fall, as usual, but very good yet.
Fancy white, 14@I5c; No. 1, 13cj mixed, 12@13c.
Buckwheat, ll@I2c; mixed, 10(«!Hc. Extracted,
dark, 6@6>ic; light, 6!^fa*7c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, O., Dec. 19.— Comb honey is now
coming in more freely, and prices if anything*
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12@13>^c; single cases, I4c. Ex-
tracted is sold aj follows: White clover, in
barrels, 6^c; in cans, 754@8c; amber, in bar-
rels, 55i@S!^c; in cans, 6@6Hc. Beeswax, 27c.
C. H. W. Weber

San Francisco, Dec. 28.— White comb. 1-lb.
sections, ll}^@12Sc; amber, 9@Hc. Extracted
white, 6@6W cents; light amber, 45i@S54c; am-
ber, 3K@4J^c; dark amber, 3@3Mc. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27(a28c.

There are no heavy quantities offering of
either comb or extracted, but more than imme-
diate custom can be found for at prevailing
values. The demand at present is very light
and is mostly local.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

166 South Water St. Chicago. III.

RFF-KFFPTIBS f ^^°^ "^ yo""" orders for
DLL aritrLnO . bee-supplies foment

year's use. and get the discount: Oct., 6 percent;
Nov., 5 percent; Dec, 4 percent. The above dis'-
count does not apply to honey-packages. Send
for catalog. W.J.McCarty, Emmetsburg, lowa
44Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Honey fiS Beeswax

SOLO t^/ BOUGHT

When jou run short of Honey to supply your
local trade, write to us for prices. We offer it
in 60-pouad tin cans, 2 cans in a box. Purity
guaranteed. We pay cash for pure Beeswax.
Price quoted on application. Address,

THE YORK HONEY CO.

Hbnry M. Arnd, Mgr

loi E. Kinzie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

32

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 12, 1905.

NOTICE TO TEXAS BEE-KEEPERS !

Save time and freight by ordering SUPPLIES of our
New Agents FOR TEXAS,

SOFTHWESTEEI BEE CO.,

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

As is customary with all larg-e concerns, we have Agencies or jobbers in different parts of the United States, where
our g-oods are carried in stock. If you are located near any of those named below it will save you time and freight charges
to send your order to them. Where the distance is not so great from Watertown to the agency, these jobbers sell the
goods at our regular catalog prices.

LEWIS' GOODS

E. H. Tatlor,

LEWIS' GOODS

C. B. Stevens & Co.,

LEWIS' GOODS

Pacl Bachebt,

IN EUROPE

Welwyn Herts, Eng.

IN CUBA

lljo Lamparila. Havana, Cuba

IN CALIFORNIA

Aeton, Calif.

IN COLORADO

LEWIS' GOODS

RoBT. Hallet, Montrose, Colo.

Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers' Association, Rooky Ford, Colo.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand .Junction, Colo.

Colorado Honey Producers' Association, Denver — Loyeland, Colo.

LEWIS' GOODS IN

Chas. H. Lillt & Co.,

LEWIS' GOODS IN

Fred Foulger & Son,

LEWIS' GOODS IN

Wisconsin Lumber Co.,

LEWIS' GOODS IN

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa.

LEWIS' GOODS IN

E. T. Abbott,

LEWIS' GOODS IN

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, 111.

LEWIS' GOODS

C. M. Scott & Co.,

LEWIS' GOODS IN

WASHINGTON ■

Seattle, Wash.

UTAH

Ogden, Utah

MINNESOTA

Faribault, Minn.

IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Lemars, Iowa

MISSOURI

St. Joseph, Mo.

ILLINOIS

A. CoppiN, Wenona, 111.

IN INDIANA

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind-

OHIO

^

^

Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
NOKKIS AND Anspach, Kenton, Ohio.

6. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisv-

SEND FOR NEW CATALOQ.

^ee 3ournal

45th Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., JAN, 19, 1905.

No. 3.

^^•(i-4'(i'#i)-##i)-^-i)"(i-#(i' '&•##(!)•■##&"*•#

->^)

^K.KBi

■

^^^^^^^^ ■ - ^■*'3nvic.''^^^^M^^~

r'~^ W^i^^^SSt^

^^^^^^^^^^K( .-.^tist^^^hH

^"^^

-^^^^^^^

^^BI^^^^H^"' ^^'

APIARIAN DISPLAY OF LOLIS WERNER, OF MADISON CO., ILL.,
nSED IN A STREET FAIR.

#
#
#

# ^

.1. M. HATNE8 AND APIARY, OF TAMA CO., IOWA.

(See page 36.)

^^'f)'(f'f)-fHf''(|)"(f"^'(f'(f"f)-<f#''^''(f"f)'f)"^

34

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 19 19( 5.

FOE 1905.

We are always studying how to improve our goods. That's why we
are leaders. No detail is tob small for improvement. No expenses are spared
to experiment and build new machinery. There are many advantages in buy-
ing Root's Goods. You can't get good goods cheaper ; you save freight and
time, and you are always sure of the very latest in apiculture. Below are our
improvements for 1905.

Honey Extractors

The honey extractors of 1905 have
steel stampings in many places where
gray iron castings were used formerly.
These stampings are so ribbed and
braced that the construction of the
baskets will be much stifEer than for-
merly with no possibility of any of the
parts breaking.

Wire Imbedder

Our new spur wire imbedder is a
great improvement over the old one.
Although it costs 20 cents and the old
one sells for only 10 cents, it is 10
times better. It does very neat, pretty
work and the special construction of
the teeth with the groove makes it
easy to follow the wire during the
process of imbedding.

Perforated line

A complete new set of dies and
press have been made during 1904 for
turning out perforated zinc, so that
our 1905 product will be even better
than before.

Smoliers

Some minor improvements have been
made in our smokers by which the
blast will be increased and the general
construction throughout stitiened. A
very neat and strong brace is placed in
such position that the legs supporting
the cup or stove can not be twisted or
bent out of shape without crushing
the whole smoker.

Fences

Some of our fences for the supers
will be nailed as well as glued. This
will enable the user to clean ofl the
propolis by immersing them in boiling
water, a fact which will be appreciated
by many.

Root's

Automatic Extractor

We have got it at last. An auto-
matic reversible honey-exlractor
that will reverse the pockets while
in motion by simply pressing on a
lever. The extractors are no larger
than the Cowans, and reverse with-
out bang or slam, provided the di-
rections are followed. They are
equipped with street-car band-
brake, noiseless gearing, gearing on
top of the reel out of the honey,
and out of the way of putting in
and removing the combs. We have
the 4-frame size all ready for de-
livery. Six-frame, 8-frame, and 3-
frame sizes will be ready shortly.
Price will be only $2.00 above the
regular price for 2, 4, 6, and 8
frame Cowan extractors, respect-
ively.

Wax-Tube

The Van Deusen wax-tube fastener
is made of one piece of brass tubing
drawn down to a point. It is a much
neater and better tool than the one
sold last year.

German Wax-Press

The German wax-press is now so
improved that it has a threefold use.
First, as a wax-rendering device and
press to squeeze out slumgum clear of
wax. Second, as a press for squeezing
honey out of cappings, bits of burr-
combs, chunk honey and the like.
Third, as an uncapping can for uncap-
ping combs preparatory to extracting.
This last feature will prove invaluable
because the cappings will drop into the
basket, and when the uncapping is
done the cappings can be squeezed un-
til they are dry, the honey running out
at the spout. Three machines for the
price of one. And our price has been
reduced to $12.00.

Bee-\eil

Our bee-veil for 1905 will have rub-
ber cord sewed in the bottom edge so
that the top as well as the bottom will
be elastic. If the directions are fol-
lowed the edge of the veil can be made
bee-tight around the waist or coat, ef-
fectually protecting the wearer. We
will still furnish veils with silk bind-
ing and when called for can supply
them.

Cover

The Excelsior cover will look about
the same as before except that its con-
struction will be simplified and
strengthened, making it tatter in every
way to withstand extremes of hot and
dry weather. It will be used on all
our hives including the Danzenbaker,
as it has stood the test of many years,
and for a general purpose cover we
know of nothing better.

m

Ask for our Catalog. A postal brings It.

THE A. I. ROOT COflPANY,

Factory and Executive Office,

MEDINA, OHIO.

BR,A.NCHE3S.

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, 44 Vesey Street.

Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee St.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.

San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So. Flores Street.
Washington, D. C, 1100 Maryland Ave., S.W.
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.

Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lfane.

K^&>i

«eeee®ee®®®®e®®®®®e«e«®®e®®®ee<a®®®«®®®®®®«®®®®e«®®ee®®,

Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published Weekly at 9I.OO a. Year by Oeorge W. York Jk. Co., 33<t Uearbom St.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL, JAN, 19, 1905.

Vol, XLV.— No. 3.

^

€bitortaI Hotes
anb (Eomments

J

Popularizing the Value of Bees and Money.

Last week we mentioned having received a beautiful
bee and red clover calendar from Mr. W. F. Marks, of New
York. Since then we got the following letter from him
concerning it, and offering a further suggestion :

Dear Mr. York ; — Yours of the Sth inst. received. I
hasten to say that I am not entitled to any credit for the
design on the calendar in question. The design is used as
a cover for the Red Clover Writing Pad, sold at many sta-
tionery and book stores. I only took this means of calling
your attention to thedesign, which I considered very unique
and appropriate for bee-culture, and it seems to me it em-
bodies a suggestion that we, as honey-producers and bee-
lovers, should be prompt to grasp.

For instance, how can we reach the great mass of the
people any quicker and easier than by placing a school
writing pad upon the market with an appropriate and at-
tractive cover design, one page devoted to the natural his-
tory and importance of the honey-bee, a denial of the comb-
honey canard, and the importance of honey as food, etc.?

It seems to me that such a pad placed upon the market
would naturally go into thousands of schools, and tens of
thousands of homes, and having an intrinsic value, it would
be preserved, read, re-read, and remembered by the class
we want to reach. We could have such a pad manufactured
for us in large quantities, and could dispose of them at
wholesale at a price sufBcient say to cover expense ; in fact,
we could, under the circumstances, sell them at less than
cost, but that would not be necessary, and certainly not a
good business proposition.

Perhaps this suggestion is visionary, but I trust you
will not put it aside without giving it careful consideration.

W. F. Marks.

We believe the suggestion Mr. Marks makes is a good
one, and ought to be followed up by the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association. No doubt there are many other things
used by school children that might have printed on them
something about bees and honey. We really think that if
the Board of Directors, of which Mr. Marks is chairman,
would take hold of this matter some of the funds of the
National could be better invested than in some other ways
that might be recalled. Such expenditure would be aloug
the line of advertising a wider use of honey, and thus would
help increase its demand. Whatever increases its demand,
if persisted in, will surely help the price of honey, and thus
be a benefit to every honey-producer.

Why not put a little thought along the line suggested
by Mr. Marks and others, and see if a more extended use of
honey can not be secured ? There seems to be little trouble

now about producing honey. What is needed is a larger
demand or outlet for it. The National Association can do
no better, we believe, than to put some of its effort and
money in the direction indicated.

Doolittle's Queen-Rearing Methods.

The following item appears in Praktischer Wegweiser :

"TheDoolittle American method of bee-culture — also
much extolled by many German theorists — appears, accord-
ing to the Imkerschule, not to fulfill expectations ; indeed,
even Americans themselves are allowing it gradually to
sink into oblivion ; for them, also, nothing excels after-
swarms for queens, quality considered."

Our worthy contemporary, the Wegweiser, may say to
Imkerschule that some one has been fooling it ; the Doolit-
tle plan, under different names, and with more or less varia-
tion, is more firmly established in this country than ever
before. The probability is that if all queen-breeders had
to depend upon af terswarms to the exclusion of Doolittle
cells, many of them would go out of the business. Indeed,
it is getting to be considered more or less of a reproach to
have af terwarms at all.

Illinois Leads in the National Association.

We learn from General Manager France that there are
now more members of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion in Illinois than in any other State. The others in order
follow thus : California, Wisconsin, New York, and Texas.
All other States have less than 100 members each. lUinqis
has over 300. New York State, at one time, claimed to lead
in membership, and, if we remember, some one from there
thought on that account New York was justified in having
three of the twelve- members of the Board of Directors.
Illinois has only one member on that Board, and we don't
know any one in this State that thinks we should now have
one-fourth of the Board. Of course, New York is not to
blame for having a majority of the Board. They were all
duly elected by ballot by the membership. It is simply
New York's good luck, or because she has so many able
bee-keepers.

What Is Honey ?— Definitions and Standard.

This question has often been asked, and has recently
come up again. Prof. A. J. Cook, of California, answers it
in this way :

I have been amused at the way this question has been
answered by several of our bee-keepers. 1 feel certain that
there is but one legitimate logical answer. Honey is the
sweet that bees store in the hives. It is impossible to give
any other answer. It usually is digested nectar, for its
source, for the most part, is from flowers. But no one can
know at any time that there may not be an admixture of
honey-dew, cane-sngar, possibly filched from some store, or,

36

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 19, 1905.

more likely, juices from various fruits. In any event,
when nectar passes to the bee's honey-stomach, it is so
changed that we may well call it " honey ", as it is put into
the comb.

I have fed pure cane-sugar to bees and have had the
resulting honey sampled by experts, and they not only pro-
nounced it honey, but the best they had ever eaten. This
kind of honey though would always be too expensive to put
on the markets. I notice in the last Bee Journal it is sug-
gested that honey -dew honey is not honey because it is not
collected from flowers. I have known such honey to be of
rare excellence. Indeed, I believe that not a little of the
very best honey often sold as basswood or clover comes
from houey-dew. I believe that the secretion of nearly all
our aphids will produce a honey of superior flavor and ex-
cellence. This is no mere guess, but the result of actual
observation for a series of years. A. J. Cook.

Under "Food Definitions and Standards ", a circular
recently sent out by the Bureau of Chemistry of the United
States Department of Agriculture, there were " schedules
prepared by the Committee on Food Standards, Association
of Oflficial Agricultural Chemists". They referred to
"sugars and related substances". Of course honey was
included, and the following were suggested as the defini-
tions and standard :

1. Honey is the nectar of flowers and saccharine exuda-
tions of plants gathered and stored in the comb by bees.

2. Comb Honey is honey still in the comb.

3. Extracted honey is honey which has been separated
from the comb.

Standard honey is honey which is laevo-rotatory to
polarized light, contains not more than twenty-five (25)
percent of water, not more than fifteen one-hundredths
(O.IS) percent of ash, nor more than eight (8) percent of
sucrose.

These suggested definitions and standard of honey
were sent out in order to get the opinions of various experts
before adopting them, and so were " subject to revision ".
We are inclined to think that the " definitions " given are
fairly good. As to the " standard ", we are not chemist
enough to say.

Perhaps others of our readers besides Prof. Cook, who
have made a study of this subject, would like to express
themselves. If so, our columns are open.

irtiscelloneous
Hctps > 3 terns

"^

J

OUP Advertisers, we believe, are a lot of most honor-
able and reliable firms. We are glad to recommend them to
our readers. We also believe they are all reliable in their
dealings, else they could not get into the advertising col-
umns of the American Bee Journal.

When writing to any of them, we would like to urge
you'' to mention having seen their advertisement in the
American Bee Journal. This would help both the adver-
tiser and us. The more business they get from having
their' advertisements in the American Bee Journal the better
satisfied they will be with it, and the more they will adver-
tise in it hereafter.

Scarcely any periodical published to-day could exist if
it depended entirely upon its subscription price. So the
advertisers are a great help. This journal is no exception
to the rule in this regard.

We want the American Bee Journal to be a benefit to
its advertisers as well as to its regular subscribers. Their
interests arejmutual. We would like to bring them nearer
together, so .that each will understand the other better.

In and through it all, the American Bee Journal desires

to be helpful in every possible way to those who either read
it or advertise in it. All we want is the permission to do
our part.

Not Quite as Gentle.— in the letter from Fred Bechly,
of Poweshiek Co., Iowa, on page 14, he is made to say that
he finds the golden Italian bees quite as gentle as the three-
banded. It should have read " not quite as gentle ".

Temperanee Life Insurance Company.— Your at-
tention is called to the advertisement of the Total Absti-
nence Department of the Security Mutual Life Insurance
Company and the National Total Abstinence League. This
department has had an experience of nearly four years and
a half. The mortality ratio proves, beyond doubt, that
abstainers are desirable insurance risks.

The Apiary of J. M. Haynes is pictured on the first
page this week. Concerning himself and his apiary, Mr.
Haynes wrote as follows when sending the photograph :

I am 5S years old, and have been a farmer all of my
life. I have 391 acres of land. As my health failed so that
I couldn't do heavy work on the farm, I went into the bee-
business. I have 90 colonies under a shed the year around.

The bee-shed is 6 feet wide. The front is 8 feet high,
sided down half way. The hives are set at the front, so I
do the bee-work behind them under the shed. The shed
runs 64 feet north, 68 feet west, and 64 feet south. I use the
Langstroth lOframe hive, with 28 sections in the super. I
don't extract any. I let the bees do the work, and I sell the
honey.

It was a poor year here for honey the past year. It is
worth 19 cents a pound now. J. M. Haynbs.

The Defunct Honey-Producers' Association, referred
to in an item on page 30, is thus commented upon by H. L.
Weems, of Kern Co., Calif.:

Editor American Bkk Journal : — With only the
friendliest and kindliest feeling for all concerned, I can
not silently see what seems to me, in the clipping from the
Kingsburg (Calif.) Recorder of Dec. 14, a gross injustice to
the manager of the defunct Central California Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association.

I was a stockholder in that organization, and suffered
as great pecuniary loss as any member in it. Therefore, I
believe I am as much entitled to discuss the mistakes of its
management as anyone. It is true there was lack of con-
fidence. Not in the manager particularly, but among all
the stockholders. With but few exceptions each was sus-
picious and distrustful of his neighbor almost from the very
beginning of the organization. Each locality was jealous
of every other locality. Each had its own plan for perfect-
ing the organization, and all other plans were radically
wrong. There was no spirit of concession or compromise.
So that it was impossible to perfect an organization wholly
satisfactory even to a majority of the stockholders.

Every meeting was an occasion for prolonged, and, in
certain instances, acrimonious debate. Every one was
honest and sincere in the belief that his view was the only
correct one, but suspected the honest motive of his neigh-
bor. On this account it was impossible to secure the
adoption of a code of by-laws.

But through all these stormy scenes there was not one
who commanded greater respect and confidence than the
president and manager of the Association. This is evi-
denced by the fact that he was elected and re-elected, and
his ofl'er to resign afterwards declined. It was through his
efforts and sacrifice of time, money and personal interest,
more than any other, that the organization lived as long as
it did.

It was he who made the interest of every bee-keeper his
own personal concern, and sought to reconcile every con-
flicting interest that arose. It was he who came to the sup-
port of the editor of The Recorder, when, as publisher of a
bee-paper at Tulare, afterwards the Western Bee Journal,
he was fighting against odds for a place among publishers
of bee-literature. The support given at this time was loyal
to the last degree. It was loyalty itself. The new bee-
paper's friends were his friends ; its foes, his foes.

The Central California Honey-Producers' Association

Jan. 19, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

37

is a thing of the past, but its failure to live and prosper is
not the fault of any one man. The organization was
formed for the express purpose of marketing honey col-
lectively in car-loads through a single head. The stock-
holders refused to fulfill the purpose of its creation by
adopting by-laws and giving the Association control of
their honey when ready for market.

Not more than 10 percent of the stock issued was fully
paid for, and without any honey to handle it was not sur-
prising that '■^ the condition o/ tlie business Jor the pait year
looked bad". The only wonder is that any one would ex-
pect a business to succeed without cash, credit, merchan-
dise, or other resource to start on. Tall oaks from tiny
acorns grow. But it takes time and plenty of sap. Of
course, the " benefits received were very slim ".

The editor of The Recorder was himself a member of
the Board of Directors of the Central California Honey-
Producers' Association, and, with the other members of
that body, directly responsible to the stockholders for the
conduct of its business. If any discredit attaches to the
management he should either accept his just share or else
make it clear that he was in the minority in all its trans-
actions ; in which case it will be hard to make the mana-
ger's one pair of shoulders carry it all. H. L,. Weems.

-V (£ontnbutcb ^-
Special drttclcs

=/

California as a Home and for Bee-Keeping.

PROF. A. J. COOK.

MR. BROWN, a long-time bee-keeper of Ontario, Can-
ada, and as long a subscriber to the American Bee
Journal, asks me many questions about California.
Similar questions have been asked by a good many of late,
and though I have replied to such inquiries before, it has
been some time since, and the numerous new subscribers
that come in each year will certainly find it wholly new.
The fact that Mr. Brown, one of our most experienced and
intelligent readers, desires further details makes it seem
probable that the matter will not be without general in-
terest.

It has been my privilege to live in four of our States —
Massachusetts, Illinois, Michigan, and now California. Of
these, it seems to me California is incomparably superior as
a home. Indeed, if one has pleasant employment, I do not
see how he could wish for more than a home in this beauti-
ful Southland. The scenery is certainly all that one could
wish. The rugged mountains with their bared cliffs and
the ever-varying hues of light and shadow become more and
more entrancing as one lives among them. I have heard
it said of California, as I have often heard it said of Wash-
ington, D. C, that any one who has sojourned here for a
short period is never content to live elsewhere. I believe
our grand old mountains have much to do in creating this
fondness. The climate of California has even more to
recommend it. It is always summer. Even this day alter
Christmas I have been choring around without coat or vest,
and with no discomfort. To me the summers are equally
pleasant with the winters, and I should regret to feel that I
could not always spend my days in this blessed laud of
warmth and sunshine.

I am also very much attracted to California because of
its great variety of fruits. There is not a month of the year
that we can not pick ripe fruit from tree or vine. Not only
is the variety of our fruit surprising, but its quality for the
most part is equally worthy of praise. Of course, in these
days of rapid transportation, any table anywhere in our
land may always be graced with the finest of fruit, yet there
is a pleasure in stepping out and picking it from one's own
tree — watching it grow and mature — that I find most
delightsome. It would take a pretty big inducement to
wean me from the splendid orchards of our Southern Cali-
fornia.

I should also mention water as one of our great attrac-
tions ; not its abundance, for that is our great lack, but the
fact of the possible absolute purity of our water is to me
one of the prime attractions of our regions. Let me take
Claremont as an example. Our water is pumped some hun-
dreds of feet. It is received into a covered reservoir with

two separate compartments. From these it runs in under-
ground pipes till we draw it from our hydrants. Thus we
see that there is no possible chance of - taint, and such
dreaded scourges as typhoid fever may surely be barred
out. What is true of Claremont may and will be true some
day of nearly our whole region.

I have kept the best for the last. I now refer to our
people. I doubt if for intelligence and morality they are
surpassed anywhere in the world. We might almost be
called New New England. And as I have lived in Massa-
chusetts I am free to say that I think the "New "is an
improvement. There is a generous responsiveness, a will-
ingness to lend a helping hand among the people of South-
ern California that one rarely sees. So far it has been a
very prosperous country, and it is possible that it is this
that has awakened these generous impulses in our people.

But now we come to the other side of the question, the
delights of living in this region are so many and so patent
that they have been noised abroad. The salubrity, too, of
our climate brings many here for health. This may make
it difiicult at times to secure just the employment one would
like. Yet it seems to me that this depends very much upon
the person. As for myself, I have often wished that I
might be two or three men, for I am sure I could keep each
one happily employed. Thus, while I would not wish to
induce any one to come here with the certain expectancy
for work to their hands and to their living, I have never yet
seen willing hands idle. Indeed, there has been a good deal
of complaint of scarcity of labor in our orchards. Surely,
orchard work is very pleasant, though it is particular work,
and I can readily see how by a little carelessness, or want
of interest, one would soon cease to find employment. I
doubt if there is any more interesting manual work in the
world than caring for an orchard. At the same time I
doubt if there is any work that requires more painstaking
care in every detail. Orchard culture here is intense, car-
ried on in a perfection that is truly admirable. Thus, the
slovenly or indifferent worker will surely have trouble to
find employment.

I have often written of bee-keeping. When we get a
good honey-year we eclipse the world. Enthusiasm, how-
ever, will be modified when I state that such years are not
oftener than one in three. The second of the three will be
indifferent, while the third will be attended by actual abso-
lute failure. Even with this showing our best bee-keepers
average 75 pounds per colony per year, and the honey crop
of a single season, with some of our apiarists, reaches to
several car-loads and to several thousands of dollars.

Mr. Brown asks if we would need to serve an appren-
ticeship here. I think not. Bee-keeping is much the same
everywhere. Here we have no trouble with winters, but, of
course, in our years of drouth feeding is strictly in order.
The expert bee-keeper would at once see the point, and a
little talk with a good apiarist would make him capable of
handling his bees profitably. Such men as Hatch, Ham-
baugh, and others— excellent bee-keepers East— come here
and take a front seat at once. I do not think that any one
who has made a success of apiculture in the East need fear
to try it here. If he selects his location carefully I do not
think he could do better in any other part of the world.

If I have not answered Mr. Brown as fully as he wishes,
or if any reader of the American Bee Journal wishes more
information and will ask specific questions, I shall be glad
to answer them as best I may.

Eos Angeles Co., Calif., Dec. 26.

No. 2.— What is the Best Bee-Hive?

BY ALLEN LATHAM.
(Continued from page 22.)

IN spite of all I have said in favor of the closed-end frame,
X should hesitate to adopt it and hang it lengthwise of
the hive, for it needs to be hung crosswise of the hive,
that is, parallel to the entrance, if it is to fulfill its mission.
In like manner little is to be gained in hanging frames
across the hive, if at the same time they are free-hanging,
for crosswise hanging and closed-ends are a pair which
must go together— complements which make a whole.

Read what is said on pages 468 and 469 (1904). There
yon may learn that most of the fraternity are against a
crosswise-frame, while, though several are non-committal,
only one or two come boldly out in its favor. Permit me to
take up the objections as offered and treat them as they
deserve.

First, a few prominent bee-keepers say that such a

38

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 19, 19CS.

frame is not in common use, and they wish one which is
standard, that is, used by the people. Well, once upon a
time it was the custom to take the corn to mill on horse-
back, and when the bag was only half full to put a stone in
the top to balance the bag across the horse. One day a
stupid boy was too lazy (7) to find a stone, and so after
tying the bag divided the corn into equal portions, hour-
glass style, and thus threw it across the horse. " Here,
boy ", says his father, " why do you load up in that silly
way? Isn't the way your father, your grandfather, and
his father before him, carried corn to mill good enough for
you 7 Hustle now and find a stone, or I will put the cane
to you."

One says that wax-worms are worse in hives with such
frames. All that I can say is that the wax-worm knows a
good, warm place when he finds it, and will take it every
time, if he can.

It is stated that bees build less even comb. This seems
to me quite likely, though I have had many beautiful flat
combs built in such frames. At any rate, it is a minor mat-
ter since comb foundation is so generally used. It is surely
not an objection of sufficient weight to rule out such a
frame.

Another says that such frames will call for new supers,
basing his suggestion on the supposition that the crosswise
frames will be of such size or number that the hive will be
of a different size. This does not follow, and hence the ob-
jection can not hold.

Too short for brood-combs, says another. Why 7 My
crosswise frames are 10 by 12 inches, and 11 in number, and
they seem to work all right.

Too short for outdoor wintering. Yes, indeed, if hung
lengthwise and free, but not otherwise. Try it and be con-
vinced.

More frames to manipulate. This objection is made on
the ground that the old size of hive-body is still used with
the entrance at the narrow end as before, and is a reason-
able objection. It is true that more time is taken in going
through 12 frames than in handling 8 or 10, but if one
handles bees as little as he needs rather than as much as he
is moved to, I think that he will find little trouble with the
extra number of frames. I find, too, that I handle prac-
tically no more, for it is not necessary, as a rule, to handle
more than three or more frames for nine out of ten purposes
in manipulating frames, and the smaller the frames the
easier.

Interferes with free passage of bees. Prove it. If one
will study the bees in an observatory hive he will see much
that will lead him to believe that this objection is without
foundation. The only time when bees need extra passage
is when honey is coming in rapidly. At such times sup-
posedly the bees find a readier passage through the hive by
traveling on the end-bars. So, once it was believed that
the earth was flat. Space will not permit me here to go into
details to show that this objection is utterly without
weight. I can only deny it with the assurance of one who
has seen proof to the contrary.

It gives the bees less chance to ventilate the hive. This
objection would condemn the crosswise frame if I had not
found a way clear to get around the difficulty. By having
the space below the frames about an inch deep in front and
decreasing as it goes back till it is a scant bee-space under
the last frame, ample opportunity is given the bees to ven-
tilate their hive. Mind you 1 gives the bees opportunity to
ventilate the hive themselves, does not allow Nature to do
it the very time when the bees don't want it done ; for that
is just what the free-hanging frame, which is lengthwise,
does.

By far the greatest number of those who answered the
query on page 468, raised the objection that such a style
of frame would not allow the tilting of the hive forward to
let the water out. Well, I always was opposed to this tip-
ping-forward plan, for, to my mind, the hive ought to be
level all around, but the water is objectionable, and, for-
sooth, how can you get rid of it except by tilting the hive ?
It really ought to make a thoughtful person smile to read
this objection. If the crosswise-frame is a thing of value
shall we let such a little difficulty prevent our adopting it ?
In my own hives I simply slope the bottom-board, as will
be seen from what I say above in regard to space below the
frames, and I have the satisfaction of seeing my hives
stand up straight like my house. By the way, why not tilt
your house to keep the rain from getting into the front
door?

Now it is really unkind to make fun at all, for do we
not know that nearly all of those good brothers were asked
to answer a question concerning which they had only opin-

ions without experience ? Listen to what one who has had
the experience says :

"R. C. Aikin (Colo.) — Practically none. I have used
extensively such in the past ; they are better for nearly
every purpose than the long Langstroth frame. They cost
a little more, but that is a very small item. First cost is a
trifle if it gets better results later. Without a detailed argu-
ment, let me say that I know short frames are all right for
results in breeding, and the super arrangements can easily
be adapted."

Thus speaks one who knows. Such a statement should
have great weight, and should carry conviction to the ex-
tent of causing many to try a few hives the coming season
with such frames. New London Co., Conn.

(Concluded next week.)

=\

®urv Sister
^ccKccpers

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Paste for Rough Skin.

J

For rough, harsh skin of arms and shoulders mix a
quarter pound of unsalted lard, which has been washed in
rain water and then in rosewater, with the yolk of an egg
and a tablespoonful of extracted honey. Add enough oat-
meal to make a paste. Spread on the arms and leave for
an hour. — Chicago Daily.

Starting in Bee-Keeping.

Here is a clipping from the woman's department of the
Chicago Daily News, being a reply to an inquiry, which is
remarkable for the wholesome moderateness of the expecta-
tions it arouses :

" I kept bees for many years, and at present have about 10 colo-
nies. Twenty-tive dollars would buy about 6 colonies at the cheapest.
Then it would require about 115 worth of supplies— that is, supers
and sections tor the bees to store the honey in, to say nothing of the
work. In a very good season they would average about 70 pounds per
colony.

" The last three years the bees had one good season. In other
words, every third year is a failure. Some winters bee-keepers lose
from 30 to 50 percent in bees. To make a living at bee-keeping would
require 125 to 150 colonies, which would cost, including all tools, ex-
tra hives, supers, etc., 8800 to $1000, besides a number of years' ex-
perience. One can't get enough of that." — A. H. O.

Hiving Bees with a Shot-Gun "—Pleasures of
Bee-Keeping.

I have been a reader of the Ameican Bee Journal for
nearly two years. Having charge of an apiary of from 20
to 40 colonies, my experience with bees has been both in-
teresting and profitable. Our apiary produced 2300 pounds
of comb honey, mostly in one-pound sections.

There are many interesting items in the American Bee
Journal. The article in Dec. ISth number, on '-Hiving
with a Shot-Gun ", excels anything I ever read in the way
of hiving. For marksmanship it is beyond parallel — he
must have telescopic vision to be able to give the dimen-
sions of a twig 50 feet from the ground, and to arrange the
hive so accurately that the cluster fell in exactly the right
place. Verily, this is a remarkable age. Bee-culture opens
a field of varied and practical knowledge, the pursuit of
which is one of the great pleasures of life.

We anticipate much from our apiary the coming season.
1 am one of the bee-keeping sisters, although not enrolled
as a member. L. Fbes.

Davis Co., Iowa, Jan. 3.

Sometimes the written description of a thing makes it
appear more difficult than it really is, and it is just possible
that if you had been an eye-witness of Mr. StoUey's per-
formance it would not appear so remarkable, although cer-
tainly a novice would hardly succeed as he did. I don't
know how many hunters there are with you, but " in this

Jan. 19, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

39

locality " there are many who would scorn to aim at the
bull's-eye at so short a distance as SO feet, as a test of their
marksmanship, and they would by no means consider his
aim as beyond parallel. You think " he must have tele-
scopic vision to be able to give the dimensions of a twig 50
feet from the ground", but you forget that all he would
have to do would be to pick up the said twig and measure it
after it had fallen to the ground as the result of his good
aim.

It doesn't look as if you or I could squint at a swarm 50
feet in the air and make a correct guess first time as to
■where the swarm would fall, but by standing straight under
it a fair guess might be made. The secret of Mr. StoUey's
correct guessing, however, he explains in that phrase, " By
taking the proper bearings at right angles ". I've seen Dr.
Miller do that. He would stand off a little distance, and,
looking up at the swarm, would then drop his eye to the
ground and estimate where a line would fall that would pass
through the point directly under the swarm. He could
guess pretty well where that line would be, but he couldn't
guess closely how far from him the point should be. How-
ever, he'd set the hive somewhere in the line, then he'd go
off to one side and estimate a line at right angle to the first
line, moving the hive accordingly, and after going back-
ward and forward from one line to the other, he could pretty
soon determine just about the right point.

We sisters might sight and cross-sight as well as a man,
but when it comes to firing the gun most of us would rather
call a man.

2Tlr. :^a5ty 5
Clftcrtl^oixo;I?ts

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

INVITATION TO YOUNG BEE-KEEPERS.

Here's a gold eagle going a-begging — or, say, a roast
pig running around squealing for somebody to eat him.
Many young people like to write letters, I believe ; and they
mostly know they are not welcome to write to persons of
note and station. If they should do so their letters would
receive a hurried glance or two from a secretary, and then
be pitched into a big waste-basket ; and that would be the
last of it. But here is a man of note that asks as a favor
that young bee-keepers would write to him. Looks as
though he has an attack of bee-fever. He has plenty of
chance to read the wisdom of bee-doctors ; but he wants to
hear the experiences of other patients, especially those who
know a good deal less than himself. So if you are under 18,
and have been doing something with bees, write and tell
him all about it. If nothing new or strange occurred to
you that is no bar. The just-what-might-be-expected things
are about as welcome as exceptional things are. He re-
proves us for neglecting the common things of Nature and
running all the time after exceptional things. The man is
Dr. Edward F. Bigelow, Stamford, Conn., editor of the
Nature and Science department of the St. Nicholas Maga-
zine. If he should not have time to write individual an-
swers to all his young correspondents never mind about
that. Have faith to believe he reads and enjoys what he
has asked for, until a wholesale answer comes in his depart-
ment of the magazine. Page 804.

LOSS OF YOUNG QUEEN IN MATING.

Young queens at mating-time often turn up missing
from the place where they ought to be. The credit of this
is usually given to birds, to dropping into trouble of some
kind, water for instance, or to entering the wrong hive. As
to the latter, the almost universal assumption has been that
they do so by mistake. Adrian Getaz suggests that often
there is no mistake about it — ^hives they try not the ones
they would blunder into, if that was it, but distant and
manifestly not-like-home places. If I may piece out a hint,
they hover near the entrances of one colony after another
until they find one where the smell, and the absence of Hos-
tile motions on the part of the guards, encourage them to
make an attempt ; and there they try it for live or die —
often killed, occasionally accepted. How is this ? I sus-
pect there is a good deal in it. It assumes, of course, that

the queen has, from some cause, a deep-seated dislike to her
own proper station. " Baby nucleus " too-muchee, hive too
open and drafty, too much syrup and too little honey, bees
all of one age instead of properly assorted, nation with no
national spirit, are some reasons that occur why a queen of
high ambition might want to change. It is quite imagin-
able that the odor of a queenless colony might be percepti-
bly different from that of a colony with a queen. But when
she doesn't find a queenless one she seems to try the next
best one.

I hardly agree with him that a comb of honey pre-
sented, in a bucket or otherwise, is always attractive to a
swarm. If the bees of the swarm are in a hungry condition
(and that often happens) then they are very ready to climb
onto a comb of honey. When they are distended with honey
already (condition according to that usually described in
the books), it has seemed to me that they regard a comb of
honey poked at them as a sort of an insult. Pages 807, 808.

A LONG-TIME OUT-OF-DOORS BEES.

Ten weeks is a long time for a clipped queen and a few
dozen volunteer bees to remain homeless out-of-doors.
Still, it is possible that Wisconsin is right as to the origin
of the little cluster that he found. If so, those bees were
miracles of faithfulness and persistence in their attempt to
make something out of a hopeless situation. We may well
take off our hats to them. They keep one another warm
part of the time, and grin and bear the cold and the wet the
rest of the time. They take turns at bringing temporary
lunch from the fields when there is any to be had, and suck
their paws when there is none. Doubtless they often tried
to move the dismembered queen to some other location by
that bee-panacea, the process of "swarming", but always
went back to her when she proved immovable. Page 810.

X)octor Zrtiller's
Question = ^ox

J

Send Questions either to the ofhce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.

Depth of Supers on Langstroth Hive.

What should be the exact depth of supers used for both comb
and extracted honey on Langstroth hive? Iowa.

Answer. — Supers varj' in depth for the same hive, the depth
depending entirely upon what the super is to contain. A super for a
tall section will, of course, be deeper than for one not so tall. The
depth should be about one-fourth inch more than the depth of the
extracting-comb or of the section, together with any addition that
must be made for any top or bottom bar that may be over or under
the section.

* ■ »

Effect of Putting: Bees on Drone-Combs.

If eight brood-frames were tilled with foundation of drone-size,
placed on a strong colony during a flow, and after the combs are com-
pleted and the honey extracted, and a strong colony with a fertile
queen placed on the combs, would the queen lay only drone-eggs, or
would the bees change part of the combs or rear workers in drone-
cells! Onio.

Answer. — I don't know what your bees would do; but I'll tell
you what mine once did. I put a colony on drone-combs, and the
queen wouldn't lay at all — the bees just swarmed out. It is possible,
however, that in some cases they would stay and work ; if so, I should
expect them to contract the mouths of the cells to worker size and
rear workers in them. I've known them to do that when part of their
comb centrally located was drone-comb.

Runnins an Out-Apiary.

I have run an out-apiary of 100 colonies of bees for the last 10
years in connection with a farm, but I am giving up the farm and
want to go more extensively into the bee-business. I intend to keep
the 100 colonies on the farm, but I have a village lot about 2 miles
away on which I wish to Iteep 50 colonies. Would it do to have one
with queen guards on all through swarming-time, keeping all queen-
cells cut out and all brood well spread — that is, for producing ex-
tracted honey J I would probably not be able to go to the yard more
than twice a week. Canada.

Answer.— It you cut out all queen-cells twice a week and keep
brood spread, withcolouies run for extracted honey, there ought to be

40

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 19, 19C5.

little trouble with swarming. Yet cutting out cells, even twice a
week, will not make an entirely sure thing as to swarms. Sometimes
a colony, after being thwarted a number of times, will swarm with
not a queen-cell in the hire. Even if the plan were always sure, it
would be a lot of work to cut out cells twice a week. Shaking swarms
as soon as each colony showed queen-cells would probably be as re-
liable, requiring a visit to the apiary once every seven to nine days.
Another way would be still less trouble, and although not entirely
successful with all, it is with some, and might be with you. As soon
as you find queen-cells in a hive, take the hive off its stand, put on
the stand a hive with empty combs, foundation, or starters, find the
queen and put her in the empty hive together with the bees that are on
the comb with her, and shake into the hive the bees from the other
combs, or most of them ; cut out all queen-cells, put a queen-excluder
over the hive on the stand, and set over that the hive with the brood-
combs. The bees will gradually fill the lower story, and at the same
time the brood will hatch out above the excluder, and those upper
combs will become extracting combs. Another thing that will help
to keep down swarming is to allow an entrance to each story ; move
forward the second story until there is a J^'-inch space at the back end
between the stories, and if you have three or four stories allow a space
of the same kind over each one.

T Tins— Economizing on Hives— Wintering Bees-
in the Bee-Yard.

-Sheep

1. What are T tins, and what are their advantages ?

2. I have a plan to prevent buying more new hives after securing
a desired amount. One usual'y has a few empty hives in the spring,
and I put the first swarms that issue into these, putting the parent
colonies on other stands some distance away. When the empty hives
are all filled I run the other swarms into the old hives, and continue
so during the swarming season. I also take a couple of frames filled
with honey from each of these old hives, putting frames of foundation
in their places before running in the new swarm. I save the frames of
honey for fall use. Please tell me what you think of this plan.

3. A recent number of the American Bee Journal advises bee-
keepers to put their colonies into winter quarters having a large num-
ber of young bees. How is this done?

4. Some one speaks of having sheep keep down the grass in the
bee-yard. Is there not danger that they will tip over some of the
hives? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. A T tin is a support of tin which has aflat bottom
with an upright central part to give it rigidly ; so called because a
transverse section is the shape of the capital letter T upside down. Its
advantages are that it takes up very little room, and is of great
strength.

2. The plan is old, and properly managed may work all right. At
any rate, the first part, running swarms into the hives with old combs
will work well.

3. If you have none but strong colonies in the fall, you are likely
to have plenty of young bees; so double up weaklings. Sometimes
it happens that the honey harvest closes quite early, and there is no
fall flow to keep the queen laying, so the bees may all be pretty old ;
in that case steady feeding may make the queen lay.

4. I don't know whether it works the same with others ; but in
my own experience neither cows nor horses are so bad as sheep about
pushing hives off their stands. I suppose they do it by rubbing.

Yes, there's a lot for any of us to learn, and I should feel well
satisfied if I could learn how to get 75 pounds of honey per colony
each year and increase 50 percent, as you have done.

Detecting Adulterated Beeswax.

I extract wax, sometimes doing it for other people. Now, suppose
I had a lot of comb that originally was of the adulterated brand. The
question is, " Has the adulteration been removed by the bees?" If it
is still there will a Ferris or any other wax-extractor remove it in
part, or, if not, can it be detected by analysis? I pride myself on
pure, absolutely pure wax, and hope some time to handle more of it.
When I extract a lot of wax, I use a piece of that lot for a gauge, and
lest other lots as per instructions found in the " A B C of Bee-Cul-
ture ". I am innocent of any intention to cheat, but I am cheated
myself, not by those from whom I receive comb, but from the original
makers of the comb. You will see, if I use a piece of that lot, my
gauge will test all other lots as pure when they are not. Is there any
other way to make myself absolutely sure, outside the alcohol and
water test? Massachusetts.

Answer. — My good friend, you are evidently troubled with a con-
science, but in the present case I think the trouble need not be very
great. Some years ago the number of those who manufactured comb
foundation in this country was very much larger than it is now, those
who at that time made it merely for their own use, having found that
it was in the long run cheaper to buy it from those who made a spe-
cial business of foundation-making. This would not be the ease un-
less the purchasers were confident they were buying straight goods. I
have bought foundation ever since there was foundation to buy —
never made an inch of it myself— and I have no more thought as to
its being adulterated than I do of the milk that comes from my own
cow. The great bulk of foundation in this country being made by a
few establishments that are above suspicion, there is little chance on
the face of it for there coming into your hands old combs to be melted
up, which combs have been made from adulterated foundation, simply
because in the nature of the case there can not be much of such stuff
in the country.

Now let us turn aside a minute and consider conditions in Europe.
Thousands of Rietsche foundation presses (I think more than 15,000)
are in use there, largely because the only way bee-keepers can be en-
tirely sure they are getting pure foundation is to make it themselves;
some of the foundation on the market being reported as being com-
posed of only one-fourth beeswax. Now, did you ever stop to think
why they object to buying the adulterated article ! If it worked all
right when given to the bees, they wouldn't know it was adulterated.
Indeed, if comb foundation could be made of pure paraffin, and it
work just as well as that made of beeswax, 1 am inclined to think 1
should use paraflJn foundation because of less cost. The reason they
object to it is that such foundation can not be used by the bees, being
so much out of shape that no bee-keeper would allow it in his hives.
So if it were possible that such comb could be used by the bees till old
and black, you would probably detect it at first glance as having cells
out of shape. I think no one has yet reported that adulterated foun-
dation was worked out into perfect comb.

Answering specifically your question as to your gauge, and the
danger of your using an impure article to gauge by, there's no need
of your running any risk in the matter. Don't use anything to test
by that you are not absolutely sure is pure wax, just as it came from
the bees. That's an easy thing ; for you can in a very few hours'
time, without using any foundation in it, get the bees to build you a
piece of comb sufficiently large for your purpose.

Feeding Bees In an Observatory Hive.

I have a 1-frame observatory hive which I kept in a bedroom win-
dow last spring and summer. During a cool and rainy spell in the
late summer it was necessary to feed the bees, and I did so very nicely
from a saucer on the window-sill for a week or more, when the bees
from hives in the garden — perhaps 100 feet from the house — began rob-
bing, and I was obliged to give up the hive entirely, much to my
regret.

Can you give me a plan for feeding bees in an observatory hive,
and can I keep such a hive in the house through the winter?

New Jersey.

Answer. — The best thing is to take a frame of sealed honey, even
if you have to take it from some full colony, lift the frame out of the
observatory hive, put in thci frame of honey, and carefully brush the
bees onto it. It such a comb is not available, perhaps Scholz or Good
candy can be used. Take a very little best extracted honey, heat it (be
sure not to burn it), stir in all the pulverized sugar it will take, then
put it on a board and knead in what more sugar you can, making a
very stiff dough. Put this candy on top of the frame, or anywhere in
the hive where the bees can get at it.

Rearing aueens— Manipulating Supers and Covers-
Queenless Colony— Shaken Swarms-
Entrance In Winter.

1. If a colony of black bees that are queenless are given a frame
of brood from a colony of Italians, will the blacks rear an Italian
queen?

2. How do you manipulate supers and covers to avoid killing
bees?

3. How can one tell when a colony is queenless, or is going to
swarm, without examining the frames?

4. Do you wait until a colony starts queen-cells before making
shaken swarms?

5. How wide an entrance should bees have during cold weather
if wintered on summer stands, well protected from north and west
winds? Virginia.

Answers.— 1. Yes, you can't tell any difference between a queen
reared by a black colony and one reared by an Italian colony, provided
the egg is laid by the same queen.

2. About the only thing I can tell you is not to set squarely down
a cover or super, but to " play " it down, if I may use the expression.
Whether it be a cover or a super, set one end on the hive, then play
on the other end, first letting it go down within 3 or 3 inches of its
resting-place, then raise it an inch or so, then lower it till it is an inch
or so above the hive, raise it an inch or so again, then let it go closer
down than before, and keep on letting it go closer each time till you
let it down entirely. Each time you let it down a little it will squeeze
some of the bees enough so they will get out of the way, and when
you finally let it down there will be no bees in the way. It sounds
long in the telling; but it is really done very quickly.

3. I can't.

4. Yes, I always do ; because, all things considered, that suits best
in my case: but in some cases it might be advisable to make a whole-
sale business of it and shake all as soon as the first make preparations
for swarming.

5. Depends somewhat on strength of colony and depth of en-
trance. A strong colony may have an entrance the whole width of
the hive if it is -V deep; and in general the entrance may amount to
:i or 4 square inches, with half that for a weak colony.

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not novi?
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid much
by sending- in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

Jan. 19, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

41

=^

(Eoiux^ntion
Proccebino;5

J

THE ST. LOUIS CONVENTION.

Report of the 35th Annual Convention, of the

National Bee-Keepers' Association Held at

St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 27-30, 1904.

(Continaed from page 26.J

The President called upon Prof. Frank Benton to
read a paper, which is as follows:

WORK IN APICULTURE AT THE UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

At the meeting of the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Washington, D. C, December 27-29,
1892, Dr. C. V. Riley, then Entomologist of the Depart-
ment, presented quite a review of what the Department
of Agriculture had done, and what he conceived it could
do for apiculture. Since it fell to me to prepare all of the
data for this article I shall feel at perfect liberty to draw
upon it freely in a brief review of what the Department
has already done in apiculture. In most instances, how-
ever, I shall quote literally from the communication pre-
sented under the name of Dr. Riley.

Dr. Riley started out by an allusion to the wisdom
of establishing as a part of the government machinery, a
Department of Agriculture charged with doing all it can
to foster and encourage agriculture in all its branches.
He believed that the advisability of this would not be
questioned by any one who had made himself familiar
with the work of the Department since its organization,
lirst as a mere chair in the Department of the Interior,
then a separate Commission, and later a department co-
ordinate with the others, with representation in the
Cabinet of the President. He believed, and I think with
good reason, that, notwithstanding some things in the
administration of this great Department might be better
if changed, yet on the whole there exist fewer abuses and
abnormal conditions in the Department of Agriculture
than in any other of the Departments of the government.
The great body of workers connected with the Depart-
ment are earnestly interested in the branches which they
represent, and devote practically all of their energies to
the furtherance of the work in hand. It has been my lot
to be associated in various capacities with these workers
during the past thirteen years, and I have come to appre-
ciate most thoroughly the beneficial character of their
work, and their singular devotion to it. I can also easily
understand how Dr. Riley remarked in his article that
"some of the most beneficent and far-reaching work of
the Department was done during its earlier history, when
its means were limited, and when the field was fresh, and
the opportunities relatively greater." He then proceeds
to state that: "It has been the desire of almost everyone
who has been at the head of the Department to pursue a
broad and liberal policy to the end that all the branches
of rural economy might receive their due share of atten-
tion. He states, then, the fact that must be apparent at
once to all, namely, that, "The head of the Department
is, however, helpless without Congressional aid and sym-
pathy, and it has too often happened that investigations
which promised valuable results have been abandoned
because of the failure of Congress to make the needed ;ip-
propriations." Then, after an allusion to the direct v.Tlue
of the products of bees, and the far greater value which
results to the country through the fertilization of tir
seed and fruit producing plants. Dr. Riley says:

"Fifteen years ago, when I first accepted a position
in the Department, there was provision only for an ento-
mologist without assistants or means for any experi-
mental or field work. During the next four or five yc;irs
I succeeded in impressing the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture and Congress with a sense of the importance of the
work to be done in efforts to counteract the ravages of
injurious insects, and the appropriations for both oft'ice

assistants and field-work increased. But the self-evident
advantage of endeavors to protect the farmer from some
part of the immense losses occasioned by insects, had to
fight its way into recognition. It was not until 18S5 that
the more important work done in counteracting the rav-
ages of injurious species had sufficiently advanced to
justify my giving some attention to apiculture, and the
fact that nothing more resulted from the work begun
may, to some extent, be laid to the lack of effort on the
part of the bee-keepers themselves, i. e., to their failure
to take united action, such as would bring home to the
head of the Department, and to those in charge of the
general appropriations, the needs and just demands of the
industry.

"However, that considerable has been done by the
Department, and through its agency, for bee-keepers —
much more, probably, than most of you are aware of —
the published reports of the Department show. These
reports, hundreds of thousands of which have been dis-
tributed very generally over the land, have surely had
their influence in the promulgation of intelligent and
humane culture of bees. Beginning about the time of the
first edition of Langstroth's celebrated work, or nearly
a decade before any bee-periodical had been printed in
the English language, the Department reports have from
year to year given some notice of progress in bee-culture,
statistics of honey and wax production, and on several
occasions excellent little treatises on bees and bee man-
agement. Notable among these is the article on the na-
ture and habits of the honey-bee, in the report of 1857. I
cannot give the name of the author, as only the initials
of the Chief Clerk of the Patent Office are attached to it.
In 1860, Mr. William Buckisch, of Texas, gave, in an ex-
tended article, a review of bee-culture as practiced by
Dzierzon and his school. The essay by my old friend,
Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, of Iowa, published in the report of
1865, and covering her theory of bee-keeping, was widely
read and frequently quoted, creating much interest in im-
proved methods.

"The introduction of Italian bees into this country is
certainly one of the advances in bee-culture which ranks
second only to the invention of the frame hive, the honey
extractor, and the comb foundation machine. But how
many even now know that the Department of Agriculture
had anything to do with the matter? Leading text-books
on apiculture are silent on this head. The fact is, how-
ever, that the first successful importation of Italian bees
from their native land to America was made by the De-
partment, and it was almost wholly from this importa-
tion that such skillful apiarists as Langstroth, Cary, and
Quinby bred and disseminated the race during the early
'60's."

It must be remembered of Dr. Riley that he was a
man of brilliant conception, and also kept in close touch
with popular sentiment and growth in all matters pertain-
ing to agriculture, and that naturally wherever his own
field of economic entomology was concerned, he was in
the front as to its needs and possibilities. He was not a
skilled bee-keeper, nor, in fact, could he ever have been
classed as a bee-keeper, but, nevertheless, he had, many
years before his connection with the Department, manip-
ulated bees to some extent, and had made some study of
methods in apiculture, as well as of the habits of the bees
themselves, so that it is not surprising that he was dis-
posed to view favorably, in 1885, the establishing of an
apicultural experiment station in connection with the en-
tomological work of the Department. In this he was
earnestly supplemented by Mr. N. W. McLain, who was,
I believe, an old time acquaintance and an enthusiastic
bee-keeper, and who became the first appointee. There
was, at the time, no special appropriation for apiculture,
nor indeed anything of the kind during the whole of Dr.
Riley's administration of the office of entomologist. I
mention this to show that all the more credit is due to
Dr. Riley in connection with the work then undertaken,
and which, though interrupted through lack of funds, he
resumed later. The funds to initiate this work, and to
continue it for a period, as well as to resume it after
the interruption just mentioned, were drawn from the
general appropriation for the Division of Entomology,
and were diverted by the entomologist himself from the
general insect-work to this special purpose in the belief
that he was fulfilling both the letter and the spirit of the
law which authorized the expenditure of certain sums for
the promotion of economic entomology.

Just here I must digress somewhat, lest those familiar

42

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 19, 1905.

with what has been printed on this subject should call me
to account for the above statements, by referring to a
biographical sketch of Mr. W. K. Morrison, which is
found on page 554 of Gleanings in Bee Culture for July
15, 1S9S. This article was written by Mr. A. I. Root, and
submitted by him to Mr. Morrison himself. Mr. Root
saj's, concerning Mr. Morrison:

"While at Washington he became intimatel}' acquaint-
ed with Senator Teller. Secretary Rusk, Senator Plumb,
and others. As he still held on to his interest in bee-
culture, at an opportune time, as it seemed to him. he was
permitted to urge that an appropriation of $5,000 be made
for the benefit of bee-culture in the United States, and he
was successful in securing this appropriation. Prof. Cook
took hold of it about a year after the money was given,
and I do not know but friend Cook had the credit of it,
although Mr. Morrison, if I am correct, was the first
mover in the matter, and the one who finally secured the
enactment."

When the article was submitted by Mr. Root, to Mr.
Morrison, including this paragraph, the latter made as a
comment, over his own initials, the following statement:

"Besides myself and the secretary, no one knew. Dr.
Tinker was the first to know. Secretary Rusk pledged
the Senate committee not to spend money on the study of
wild bees, but to put the money to practical purposes.
Prof. Riley did not like this. Secretary Rusk also
pledged himself in writing that I should be the first ap-
pointee."

Nothing can be further from the truth than the state-
ments here made. There was no enactment whatever,
nor appropriation of $5,000, nor any other sum for api-
culture at the time indicated (1885-87), nor, in fact, was

there ever a special appropriation for apiculture previous
to the year 1901. The following table taken directly from
the records of this department will show that, aside from
the appropriation for general work, the only specific ap-
propriations made were in the years 1887 to 1890, when
provision was made for experiments in silk culture.

APPROPRI.\TI0NS FOR THE DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGV.

Year ending
June 30

1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.

Salaries

.$7900
, . 7900
. . 7900

. 7300
. . 7.'!00
, . 7.300
, . 7300

General expenses
for entomological
investigation

$20,000
20,000
25,000
15,000
20,000
20,000
20,000

Specific appropriation
for silk culture

$15,000
25,000
30,000
30,000

It is a manifest injustice also to the memory of Dr.
Riley to intimate that he wished to spend the money on
the study of wild bees to the neglect of practical apicul-
ture itself. Dr. Riley was eminently a practical man, and
the fact that he did divert from the general sum appro-
priated during a series of years for entomological investi-
gations a certain portion to experimental work in apicul-
ture, is proof of itself that he was disposed in a kindly
manner toward this industry, and saw the possible benefits
which could result from scientific investigations of prob-
lems connected with the industry. I cannot regard as any
more felicitous the intimation that the first Republican
secretary of agriculture, whose record in other riespects is
above reproach, should have broken a pledge given in writ-
ing.

(Continued next week. ]

Hardy
Blizzard

W^'St

Belt

mrsery stock grown in Northern
owa is Healthy and full of

fruiting vigor. To introduce our
new method of grafting, which
insures a hardy root system, we
will send free to each property
owner reading this advertise-
ment. 6 Long Scion. Foster
Mother Root Apple Grafts Tready
for planting) of our best hardy
sorts. Postage 5c which you may
send or not as you choose. A
postal will bring them. Write
today. Price list, bargain sheet,
etc., free. Address

0

Box 715 1 Osage, la.

The Gardner Nursery Co. ^

Please mention t>ee Journal ■wten writing

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.23 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Vleaae mention iiee J oumai wnen wT^tiJv;

4^Dl8G0UnU0F6D.l8l

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
.ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

48Atf LANSING. MICH.

please mention Bee Journal -wbaa -writing

I'M

TALKING

NOW

Over My Own
Telephone

Every farmer should have his
own telephone. If heisnot near
a telephone line he can Interest
his neighbors and build a line.
It doesn't cost much, and the
advantages are beyond estimat-
ing. The extra profit on one
years crop, sold at the right
time, will more than pav his
share. A telephone enables him
to get the market reports every
day— get every market advantage.

Stromber^- Carlson

Telephones

are constructed to meet the conditions that arise on farm lines— ^
„?S.,',-"?!»/''!*''' operators, are strong in talking qualities, durahly built and are
fin ^ M™'' ^ '"'■ ""'■''■, ''"y °'" "'Sht. Our book F 80 ■Telephone Facts For Famurl"
tells all you want to know. It's free. Write for it an/you will soon be "Sim/

over your own telephone." Address nearest office. =""u no iui/iitm/

STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE MFG. CO.

ROCHESTER. IS. Y. CHICAGO. ILL

In mortality to those itisured iti the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

\ 87 1 Percent Saved

1
1

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 .Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal iJ^^iSr?.?

Jan. 19. 19(5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

43

2\cport5 anb
(fxpcrtcnccs

Bees in Good Condition.

I have now 3U colonies of bees all packed
well for winter, with plenty of honey. We
sell all our honey around town at 18 cents
per section, or two sections tor 25 cents, un-
less they weigh less than a pound, when we
sell them at 8, 10 or 13 cents, according to
their weight. Or we use them for our own
table, or sometimes give them away.

Allegany Co., N. Y. U. Hodges.

Moving Bees— Cleaning Sections—

BIacl( Brood- Honey-Cases—

Brood-Frames.

I moved 35 colonie.s about 300 yards by
closing the entrances. I plunked them on an
old wheelbarrow, jarred them over the gravel-
stones, placed them in position, opened the
entrances at once and got out of the way. I
don't think a hundred bees came back out of
the lot.

I tried wire-cloth for cleaning sections. It
made the wood rough and left the propolis
on. A heavy paper well oiled, and fastened
around the edges of a hive-cover with strips
of wood, is good enough here. The same
thing with old newspapers underneath, tacked
around the body of a hive, is a good winter
protection. Let the warm air bring the bees
out, not hot sun on the hive.

Black brood appeared in both States along
the Delaware River during the summer. And
I think the Alley cure is a master stroke, and
a fame winner, judging from the e.^cperience
I had with it. I tried fresh Italian blood,
but it was no help that I could discover.
Some of these became the worst cases in the
lot.

I don't think queens have anything at all
to do with disease. I took queens out of
diseased colonies and placed tliem at once in
healthy colonies, and no disease followed. I
think the claims made for the Italians in
many respects are greatly overrated, except
that of gentleness in handling.

For 2 years I have made honey-cases o-row
5 in a row, and notice others in the market
this year. They make a fine appearance, and
are handy to crate up in even hundreds.

The " Hunsberger A. C. Frame," as it is
called, mimics the catalogs, and is simply the

SBEO CORN

"Mtre drop" planters are no good unless the
I leed l9 of even size and perleit Mmpe. 1 breed
corn witb perfect and uniform kernels and I
grade all my shelled eeed with a epeciully con-
structed mill that throws out every uneven,
round or thick kernel better tlian you could

?08sibly do it by hand. Every kernel must be
lal Use every other — even, flat. ju?t right.
I That means even, accurate planting and a \>er-
I fet-t stand. No trouble, no delay All my shelled
I seed i'l screened thi3 way. a fenture no other
seed man can offer. Samples and catalog free.

Henry Field, Seedsman, Boi 50. Shenandoah, Iowa

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving- entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
Irom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Please mention Bee Joumai when 'wnting

BEE-SUPPLIES 8

■'.if i»?

®

I

Root's Goods ai'RoorsrrlGes 8

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers,

POUDER'S HONEV-JARS

L/Ow Freight Rates

##

Prompt Service, j^
Catalog Free V

You are entitled to Special Discounts for Early Orders till April first.

s

WALTER 8. POUDER, ^

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. N

§ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Prlce-Llst. a

i ourHI^V^ES AMD SEOTIOIsTS |

Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material. |

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and 0

secure prompt shipment. 8

We will allow you a cash discount of 3 perceut ou orders sent in during: January. (A

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. "sa |

j^iease mention Bee JoumaJ wtien wntmfc

FOR A FIFTY EGG INCUBATOR

itie "Cycle" Hatcher is the perfected result of the latest discover-
ies in artificial incubation— ''A Wonder of the 2Uth Century." The
C'YCtiE HATCHER duplicates the natural hatching of the hen.
.Made from metal it never warps, swells, cracks or shrinks— results
;ilw;iys the same. Fref Catalog explains the advantages of the
metal construction. Cycle Hatcher Co.. Box 22^, Salem, N. Y.

fieasB menUoi) Bee Joomai when 'WTltlzi£

-IPOK. Y"OXJK.-

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

SEND TO THE

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co , Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders till Jan. 1, 1905. lA13t

THE BEST THERE IS.

Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealing people, want the BEST of goods, the BEST of
service in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and the BEST of everything connected
with getting their Supplies; the VERY BEST that can possibly be given for the money is
necessary to give enure satisfaction and what all should have.

To absolutely please bee keepers in filling their wants has been our constant aim for
eight years, and while we do not boast about ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by
nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fail to write to us and tell us your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis' aoods at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL DISCOUNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

*'lease mention Bee Jonmal -when wntin&

44

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 19. 1905.

•^^-V«ifc<|

B66-SliPPll6S!

Discount ?or Early Orders

We carry a larpre stock and
greatest variety of everything-
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

■WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATAItf>G

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,Neb.; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.: I. H. Myers, Laraar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
w. Houston St.. San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

Ple*»<*e menuon Bee journal iw^nen wntaiife

it $4.00 Per Thousand I
i I;

•< No. 1 Bee-way or Scalloped SECTIONS, 4Xx4'X:k1%, for No. 1 bee- ^[

5 hive. For a limited time, at per thousand, $4.00. ^

a> ._. ^

? Send for prices on other lines of goods. We save you money. ^^

I JOHN DOLL & SON, I

$ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. «^

^ ^-

Please mention Bee journal •when "writine

Louis flanssen's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEYVIS CO.'S

B-WAEE

Lowest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

DavenDorUowa, 213-215 ¥.21 St

Please mention the Bee Journal. 36A26t

BUSHELS OF EGGS

follow the feediner of cut
bone. The

' Green Bone
Cutter

Iia the .implest. fMWBtand tMiest l...tio cutter
made Price |o,oO op. Sckl un 15 .lajB trial.
SatiefacUoQ or no lale. Bend for price book
and .^i^)€eiat Propontioa.
Birallo.. MfT. I o ■ Hat 31 . Frif. PH.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we cau save you time and
frei^bt. Beeswax Wanted ior Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION |

IS THE BEST g

Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES, g

EARLY ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES. »

Wholbsalb and Retaii,. 6

Working- Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. S

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. 0

OIJS OIXriTIKR. Aii^nsta, Mis. §

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

Danzenbaker frame with the rivet placed
higher up, a saw-cut made in the center of
lower end of the end-pieces, and the lower
bar is made thin and placed in edgewise in-
stead of flat. A strip of comb foundation is
folded over it. The burlap is tucked in be-
hind the end-frames. And it's a frame that
handles and " gets there " in every respect —
no toppling over or sticking.

Bee-keepers, come along with jour experi-
ence and opinions. Fill up this end of the
Journal. Never mind the big guns.. We
hear them bang all the time. It's the fellow
that's Jiot doing the same thing in the same
old way that we all want to hear from.

A. C. HUNSBEKGBR,

Northampton Co., Pa., Jan. 9.

Made Little More than a Living.

The bees in this section of Ohio have made
little more than a living. My bees have very
little care, and therefore can not be expected
to do much for their owner. I sell my honey
at 15 to 18 cents per section.

The bees had a good flight on Dec. 27, but
the next day the thermometer was 14 degrees
above zero, so they will stay in for a while
now. Henbt Best.

Carroll Co., Ohio, Dec. 29.

Open Winter— Moving Bees— Queens
Figliting.

I enjoy reading the Bee Journal. I get it
every Friday and read it first, and in almost
every number I find something that is worth
the price of my subscription.

My honey crop was very light last year. I
will have to feed some. The winter has been
very open. So far the bees have flown almost
every day. They were out till almost sun-
down Dec. 1, 1904, something which is not
very common in this locality.

I see a good many inquiries about moving
bees. I moved mine about 40 rods last spring
and there were very few that went back. I
stopped up the entrances with grass, putting

^

ST JOSEPH MISSOUR«l

is the first authority for farmers and frult-
growera in the preat fruitgrowintr centers.
Tbe April number will be a "special" de-
voted to an extended discussion on tbe
profitable raisint? and marketing of
CmaaII CwiiSt* Every berry-raiser, every
Oinail rrUllS farmer, should get this as
well aa every other number of this paper.
The Fruit-Grower is "tlio hftndiomei '
farm p&per puhliihc'l"anil C
60o ft year. Send C5c nnd ckn
of 10 perBons iDUrested ii
fruit-growing for »yc»r'B
trial. Eastern Edition
fgt St»t«B ekit of Obio.

TheFrult-GrowirCo.
1206 S. 7th.
St. Joseplf. Mo.

Please mentioa Beeiotimal "WiiGii ^nntllLt^

MUSICIANS

gtt in touch with
'KVKUVTHINCJ
ML'SICAL" l»y ask-
ing' f.ir our cutu-

, lugues. We Im-

Toi^iaTwholestiU' all t^urts of lustrumeuta and
publish all kinds of music, and our prices rule
the retailer out. Buy everything you want from
our catalogues. Kvery day'a a barpain day at
this big music bargain luuise. Wriu- for cata-
logues. Ask for list of SECONDHAND instru-
ments, repaired niul made almost as g^'d as new,
II. K. MfSlILLIN. 108 Superior St.. Cleveland. O.

fieaso mentioii ±see joumai wrnen wTitUtti&

OLDS' POTATOES

Alwayn <iive Satlofat-tlon because always carefully
selected and sold at low prices. 18 years experience
growing and handling. Many new ones this year.

OLDS' rA^Ii"A>S SEEDS

Barley, Speltz, Plover. Timr>thy. Rnro, StilleU Gj™<!n
Seeds. Tools Poultrv Supplies, etc. Gold Medal
Awarde.! at St. Lnuls. SO.Paire Cntaloe rrcc.
L. I,. OLDS SEED CO., Drawer G, Clliitoa, Wl8.
Please mentioxi. Bee joumai wneu wntiiSA

Jan. 19, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

45

'^•(i-#A»i)«(i-##(i-(i-#i)4>'4"(i)'##^-i)-i)-(i)-#(i-A^

4 BEE=KEEPERS KNEW

-THAT-

I DADAIfT'S FOUNDATION I

WAS THE BEST.

.'»''■ it'- -'f'- ■•!&:

-1^^ -I*!" -'.tf Mf

They still know that it excels.
Over 100,000 Pounds sold during the past season. Its 27th Year.

We guarantee satisfaction.

.«f if. jjAir, .*0ir. jfAir,

i BEE-SUPFLIESoiaiikindsBEESWflXwant6dayii nines f

We work wax into Foundation. Catalog Free.
Write for our Discounts.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

neasa mnution Bee Journal vrbeQ -rcritlna.

I Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and Kuarantee you
success it you use

MODEL

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CHAS.A.CYPHERS

lEW POULTRY CATALOGUE

Nl
FREE. Ou^l.■i^^ie rjcw.uiltry (iuhle is tlie
learler. Ifstlie bestbMr.k .-v-rr ptiMished. TellB
how tear,, for unci MAKE BIG MONEY wilh poiiU
trj. Wnrth 926 tu anyune Soul l;"ic. fi.ir inailin;;.

JOHN BAUSCHER^Jr.. Box 94, Freeporl. Ills.

High in Quality
Low in Price

Fruitful Trees

Mitlions of Fruit and Forest Trei^^. Apples, Peaches.
Cherries, Grapes and Strawhen it■!^. K. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at sperial prices. Frelpht pre-
paid on tlO orders. Guaranteed to reach you Ireeh
and bright. Don't miss our free <•atalo^^ue.

GAGB COUNTY NURSKRIKS
Box 646 Beatrice, Neb.

PRAIRIE STATE

INCUBATORS AND BROODERS

acknowledged by experls to be the
most protltable machines made.
' Winners of 386 First Prizes. Write
for /reecataloi? with proof andvftl-
uable Information for besrlnnera ,

Prairie State I ncubator Co.
Box 354, Homer City, Pa.

three hives on a hand-cart at one time, and
had little trouble with the exception of one
a story hive that was full of bees in both
stories. In lifting it over, or rather through,
a barbed-wire fence the top wire caught the
cover of the hive and lifted it off, and the
bees got out on my assistant in such a manner
that he had to desert me. So that left me
with the hive balanced on the fence, the top
off, bees boiling out, no smoker, no veil, no
help. Well, I had to take my medicine. It
was a pretty strong dose, but I finally got
them set down. They were slightly jarred in
the operation, and I have not had any rheu-
matism since. Moral : Don't move bees with-
out fastening the hive top and tiottom
securely.

Have any of the bee-keepers seen two
queens fight, or is it such a common thing
that it is not mentioned? It is not common
to me, so I will try to tell my experience in
that line. I got to the bee-yard about !i
o'clock one morning (it is 5 miles from
home), and walking across the yard I noticed
a few bees fly ni'- I looked down to see what
called so many in one place, and I found one
of the queens tliat I had clipped. I did not
know where slio came from, so I took her to
a hive that I tlumght to be queenless, and
put her on top of the frames. The bees came
up and appeared to be glad of her presence.
They seemed to feed her and clean her off. I
left them for a K w minutes, then went back
to the hive, aD'l lifting out the frame I sup-
posed she was ua, I found her and an inferior
black queen .iliout one inch apart, going
toward each other. The black was the
quicker of the i wo. She jumped against the
yellow queen, 1. nocked her on her side, and
stung her. Fbed Ttler.

Mason Co., 111.. Jan. 2.

An Octogenarian's Testimony.

I have 3 colonics of bees left. A few years
ago I had 34, but they began to go, until now
I have only tins small number. I have taken

MORE EGGS-LESS FEED

OI'l N II' 'I'l'liR.

Humphrey '

e aod

Vegetable

Gutter

- will double your e^ff jleld ftnd out your feed
bill Id balf. GuarftDtced to out eutcr ui<l ftRter
th&n KDj other. TrUl otTer ftnd oittftlc«uo fre«.
Uampbr«7, Kemi) St. Factory, JoUet.lU.

450.000 TREES

KUt» vBrleties. Also Orapes.Small Fruits etc Best root-
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for
10c. Desc. price llstfree. L.ewU RoeMh, Fredoula, N.T.

4)lean Clothes

^ lOU pieces an hi.iur— all
clean with BUSY BEK
WASHER. Noiujury
to finest fabrics. It's
* simple, quick, cheap.
Agents Wa iited. Address
Busy Bee Washer Co.. Box e* Erie^ Pa.

I MAKE MONEyT

BATCHING CHIIKE.SS WITH THE

GEM INCUBATOR

that hi^-'h-prade, low priced, absolutely reliable,
up-tu-date hatcher. Sure prodts. Begin now—
get an early start. Write for free catalog today. ^

Qem Incubator Co., Box 52« Dayton. Ohio |[

IT IS X FACT

at poultry pays a larpi^r profit
r the money invested than any
I other businesB; that anybody may
make a success of It without long
training: or previous experience;
that the Reliable tucubaioro and BrooderH willuiva
the bent result? in al leases. Our aoth Century Poultry
Itnnk ten? just why. and a hundred other thlnp-s yoa
should ku'iw. We mail the bnok for 10 cetits. Write
to-day, W'f liave 115 yards of thorou^'hltprd pi)ultry.

RELIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO., BoiB-t 53 gulncy. Ill*
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien •writing.

46

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 19, 190£,

TREES THAT

Hardy vnrietif
liig crops. t
Apple, 4'-;c; Budded
Peach, 3H;c;Bla. '
LoL-U9t Seed'
intrs, tl per

1000, Con-
cord Grapes,
per 100. We
the freight.
ag. English
or (jerman. free.

GERMAN NURSERIES
99. Beatrice, Neb.

1^ I O-80 F^r
I ^ 200 Egq
^'^JNCUBATOR

Perfect in couBtniction ana
action, liatohea every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day. ^ ^

GEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy. Ill

ccoxTocJS 0)

»cr

C06I T E6. 'S9. 'atSI P.«M

'ease mention Bee Jou^oal "when "writmir.

^ PROGRESS^

I publish add recomiMeiid to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER^ the best
all-around SO-cent monthly bee-journal
In America. On trial 3 months tor this
ad. with 10 cents. Clubbed with tfa in pub-
lication both for one year for $1 35; or
send us 25 cents for a 3 months* trial and
your name and address on a 2-liue rub-
ber stamp; self-inking- pad, 25c extra.
Or send $1.00 and get The Rural Bee-
keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents g^et lib-
eral terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells them at reasonable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
W. H. PUTNAM.
Dept. 50-C. River Palls Wis.

lAtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

THe
Dixie tiome

lO CENTS A YEAR.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
ziNB In the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce it ONLY.
It is bright and np-
to-dale. Tells all about Southern Home Lite.
;t is full of fine engraTlngs of grand scenery,
oaildings and famous people. Send at once.
Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ada and Mexico. Six years, SOc. Or, clubs of
6 names, SOc; 12 for $1. Send us a club. Money
back If not delighted. Stamps taiien. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
24A48t No. 75. Birmingham, Alabama.

Please mention Bee Journal
[.when writing advertisers.

no honey from them tor the past two years,
nor have many in the neighborhood secured
any. But I will talie the American Bee Jour-
nal this year yet, I am nearly S3 years old,
but I like to read it. Christian Blough.
Somerset Co., Pa., .Jan. 30.

Honey Crop Almost a Failure.

The past year's honey crop has been almost
a failure. I started with S9 colonies, increased
to 41, and secured about 350 pounds of comb
honey. The prospect for next year is very
poor on account of the severe drouth last
fall. My bees are mostly in good condition
for winter. Jacob Seibold.

Champaign Co., 111., Dec. 34.

Doing Well with the Bees.

I have kept bees for two years, and have
done very well with them. In 1903 my crop
was 289 pounds of comb honey from 3 colo-
nies, and in 1904 I harvested 333 pounds from
7 colonies. The past season was not a very
good one in this section of the country.

John L. Dickson.

Ray Co., Mo., Dee. 26.

Past Season a Reeopd-Bpeakep—
Bee-Stings for Rheumatism.

I began last spring with b colonies of bees.
I lost 6 last winter from starvation. The sea-
son of 1903 was the worst we have had in 22
years, for bees generally get enough to live
on and give their keeper about 35 pounds per
colony. The past season was our record-
breaker, which comes every 13 or 14 years.
Everything had honey in it. I think it is
because the summer was hot and dry, and the
rest of the years were cold and wet. I got (533
pounds of comb honey, and one of my neigh-

Ii'ORMASLr.r

Low jn price. Fallj guaranteed. 1] U Send I
Send for free catalogue. U fg^

BANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. FroCatatog <

Fiease mentton Beejourxiaji wnexi* wntutr.

1 1-.2 STORY

8 frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-wav su-
pers, $1.00. No. 1 Seciions, J4.00 for 1,000. 24-lb.
Shipping-Cases, $13 00 for 100; 121b., $8.0i) for
100; 20-lb, Danz., $11.00 for 100.

HIVES. Sections. Foundation.

etc., by the Car-Load One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free witli . rders of J5 00 or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W. D. SOPER,

iDtt RT. 3. Jackson. Mich.

Please mention Bee journal wtien "wntlnft

THe GraliaiTi-Hude Bee 60.

SPECIALTIES

Falconer's Bee-Keepers' Supplies

At Factory Prices. We have Falcon-
er's branch house covering the entire
Southwestern States and Mexico.
Send for special catalog, etc.
Bees and Queens.

All leading races. Bees and Nuclei in
any quantity for distant shipments a
specialty. Send for circular and prices.
Honey and Wax.

Bought and sold. Honey-Cans in season.
Be sure and get our prices.
OUR MOTTO.

To have everything the bee-keeper needs
and to buy his products in return.
Correspondence earnestly solicited.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.

(Successors to The llvde Bee-Supply Co,)
SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS.

IDtf

Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

B66-K66D6rs' SupDiies.

Send for Catalog.

Leatiu MfQ. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Wisconsin.— The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet in the Super'^isor's
Room in the Court House, at Madison, Feb. 1,
2, 1905. All bee-keepers are invited to attend.

Augusta, Wis. Gus Dittmer, Sec.

Minnesota and Wisconsin.— The annual meet*
idg- of the Southeastern Minnesota and Western
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held in the County Commissioner's Room,
County Court House, Winona, Minn., on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Jan. 24 and 25,1905, be-
g-inning" at 10 a.m. on the 24th. If yon can,
tavoruswith a paper on any topic pertaining-
to bee-culture in which you are particularly
interested. A free-to-all question-box will be a
feature of the meeting.

Fountain City, Wis. Josef M. Reitz^Sbc.

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual convention
Feb. 23d and 24th, at the Eagle Hotel in Grand
Rapids. The Eagle Hotel is located at 65 to 71
Market St., cor. of Lewis St., one block south
of Monroe St. It will give a rate of f 1. 5i3 per
day, and furnish a room free for holding the
conventiou. The Michigan State Dairymen's
Convention will meet in Grand Rapids at the
same time, and advantage may be taken of this
fact to secure reduced rates on the railroads.
When buying your ticket, ask for a certificate
on account of the Dairymen's Convention. The
secretary of the Dairymen's Association will
sign this certificate which will then enable the
holder to buy a return ticket for one-third fare.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

,000 Plants for 1 6c

More gardens and f iiTins are planted to
Salzer's Seetls tlian any other in ""
America, There is reason for this.
We own and operate over 6000 acres for
the production of our warranted seeds.
That you may try them, we make you
"^ the follo\\ing remarkable otter; i

For 16 Cents Postpaid

1000 Fine Solid CabbaRP.
1000 Rare Luscious ItudlsbeB,
2000 Rich BatU-rj Lettuce,
1000 Splendltl Onions,
2000 Juicy Tender Turnips,
2000 Nutty Tondpr Celery.
1000 tilorloUKly Beautiful Flowers.
Above seven packages contain suffi-
cient seed to grtJw 10,000 plants, tm-
nisliing bushels ofbrllllant flowers
and lots and lots of choice vegeta-
bles, together with our great cata-
log telling all about Flowers,
Koses, Small Fruits, etc., all for
Itic in stamps and this notice.
Big 1-lo-pitge catalog alone, 4c.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO..
La Crosse, Wis.

40-PaSe Catalog Fret;!
Full informaLion regarding all kindsof BEE-
KEEPERS' 8UPPMES. Beat goods. Latest Im-
provements. Danzen baker Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John Nkbel & SON Supplv
Co.. High Hill. Mo, 3Dtf

Langstroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This'is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pag-es, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of tiie Ameri-

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club-
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us-
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a.
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, IIiI<>

Jan. 19. 190S,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

47

PHR/FHCT GhOODS !

A Cu5toiner Once, a Customer Always.

We manufacture

BEE-SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

(Been at it over 20 years.)

It is always BE5T to buy of the makers.

New Illustrated Catalog Free.

For nearly 14 years we have pnbiielied

T116 i flmerlcan i Bee-Keeper

(Monthly, 50c a year.)

The best magazine for beginners, edited by one

of the m> st experienced bee-keepers in

America. Sample copy free.

Address,

Tt. W. T. FALCONER MFG. COMPANY

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full
line of out goods at Catalog prices. Order of
him and save the freight,

En$ravinSs For Sale

We are accumulating quite a stock of engrav-
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using in our columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one would like tc
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILL

bors got a little over 1400 pounds from 11
colonies. I now have 11 colonies myself.

I want to give my testimony in favor of
bee-stings for rheumatism. Eight years ago
I had it about as badly as people generally
have it. The first attack I had put me in bed
for 5 months, and I had never been rid of it
since until last winter, when it left me alto-
gacher, and for a year or more I have been
free from it.

Last year was hard on bees. They were
mad all the time, and there was hardly a day
that I did not get stung from one to 20 times,
and once while hiving a swarm one of my
neighbor's boys pulled 34 stingers out of my
face and neck, and my hands and wrists were
full, too. I never swelled a bit, but the rheu-
matism left me.

Charles W. Hopsecgeb.

Skagit Co., Wash., Dec. 29.

Bees Wintering Well.

Our bees are wintering well. We are hav-
ing nice weather, and they have a flight about
every week.

There is not much demand here for honey.
We have quite a lot on hand yet.

Dixon Co., Nebr., .Jan. 3. R. Chinn.

Hon»*y-Jars ® Honey-Vinegar

We can ship at once on
receipt of order, l-lb. and
^i-lb. Tip-Top Honey-Jars,
{octagon shape) at these
prices, f.o.b. Chicago:
l-lbs. per 12doz. crate, $5.00;

3 crates, 113.50.
K-lbs.per 14doz.crate,$S.25;

3 crates, 14.00.

YORK'S

HONEY-VINEGAR

This is a new thing, made
by The York Honey Co,
and should be used by all
who also buy and use honey
Furnish it to your home
trade. Sample, postpaid, 10 cents, to pay post-
age and package. A lO-gal. ket; for (3.00, f.o.b,
Chicago.
Cash with order in all cases. Address,

The York Honey Co.

Henry M. Arnd, Mgr.
101 E. KiMZIB Strekt, - CHICAGO, ILI,.

ALLOWED ON EARLY ORDERS EOR

Let me SELL or BUY your

^HONEY^

If you have soine to offer, mail sample with lowest price ex-
pected, delivered Cincinnati.

IF IN NEED

State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on the cash basis, in buying- or selling:.

FULL STOCK OF

BEE-SXJFr^rjIES

THB BEST MADB.

Root's Goods at their factory prices. SEEDS for honey.-plants.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-48 Central Ave.
CINCINNATI, OHIO,

uiiiiuii iits«JoUiu<i sviic.u wnuiii-

policy anb
4^ Bccstpax^-

"«=

CHICAGO, Dec. 7. — The market is well supplied
with all kinds of honey; the demand is of a
light nature. Fancy comb honey brings 14c,
but quality as well as appearance is necessary;
No. 1 sells at 12^@13c; off grades diflScult to
move at l@3c less. Extracted, choice white,
7@7>6c; amber, of'j 7c, with off grades about 5^c
per pound. Beeswax, 30c.

R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

New York, Jan. 'i.— The market on comb
honey is decidedly dull, and while there is no
stock of dark and buckwheat to amount to
much, all grades of white honey are plentiful,
and for the present we cannot encourage ship-
ments. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. I at
13c: No. 2 at 11'.' Uc; buckwheat at 10c. Ex-
tracted honey Is in fair demand, with abundant
supplies and' a weakening tendency is noticea-
ble in the market. We quote white at6("6Hc;
light amber at 5%@6c\ dark, 5@5ii!C per pound;
Southern at 52@55c per gallon. Beeswa.x, 29c.

HlLDRBTH dk SbOBLKEN.

Kansas City, Jan. 9.— The demand for comb
honey still continues light, as most of the re-
tail dealers were stocked up on $2.25 honey be-
fore the holidays, two cars of which were sold
here at that time. We look for a better market
in the near future, and quote: Fancy comb,
24-section cases, $2.50; No. 1, $2.25 Extracted,
white, per pound, 6(g>6Jic; amber, 5H@6c. Bees-
wax, No. I, 28w 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Philadelphia, Jan. 9. — The market is un-
changed from our last quotations, and trading
light. We quote: Fancy white- 15@16c; No- 1,
13@14c; amber, ni3il2c. Extracted, white, 7@8c;
amber, 6@7c. Beeswax, 26c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Boston, Jan- '*. — The market is without
change since last writing. The demand con-

tinues light, and supply is more than ample-
We quote: Fancy white, 16c; A No. 1, 15c; No.l,
14c, with practically no demand for No. 2. Ex-
tracted, from ti®Sc, according to quality.

Blake, Scott & Lbb.

Cincinnati, Dec. 30.— Since our last report
was published, the price of extracted honey has
advanced, no doubt acting in sympathy with
the sugar market. We quote amber extracted
in barrels at 6@6}ic: white clover, in barrels
and cans, 6!i@8}ic. Fancy comb honey, 13@14c.
Beeswax, 28c. The Fred W. Moth Co.

Albany, N.Y., Dec. 26.— Comb honey is mov-
ing off very well considering the heavy re-
ceipts and cold weather. Prices not as high
as early fall, as usual, but very good yet.
Fancy white, 14@15c; No. 1, 13c; mixed, 12@13c.
Buckwheat, ll@12c; mixed, 10@Hc. Extracted,
dark, 6@6Hc; light, 6>i@7c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, O., Dec. 19-— Comb honey is now
coming in more freely, and prices if anything
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12@l354c; single cases, I4c- Ex-
tracted is sold ai follows: White clover, in
barrels, 6^^c; in cans, 7H@8c; amber, in bar-
rels, S}i@S%c; in cans, 6@6Hc. Beeswax, 27c.
C. H. W. Weber

San Francisco, Jan. 4.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, llM@12Hc; amber, 9(9llc. Extracted
white, 6@6« cents; light amber, 45< ©5)4 c; am-
ber, 3K'a»4J-4c; dark amber, 3@3)4c. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Market is quiet and not noteworthy for
strength. Although stocks here and through-
out the interior are light, there is little inquiry,
either for shipment or on local account- There
is strong probability, however, that the spring
trade will absorb the light stocks remaining.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

166 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

Flease mentton Bee Jotimal ■when writing.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

46 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 19, 1905.

LEWIS' GOODS

ARE FOR SALE BY

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.,

Special Agents for Southwestern Illinois and Vicinity.

.•'ft''. ..'ft'', -■'fti'.

As is customary 'with all lar^je concerns, we have Agencies or jobbers in different parts of the United States, •where
our goods are carried in stock. If you are located near any of those named below it will save you time and freight charges
to send your order to them. Where the distance is not so great from Watertown to the agency, these jobbers sell the
goods at our regular catalog prices.

LEWIS' GOODS

E. H. Tatlob,

IN

EUROPE

Welwjn Herts, Eng.

LEWIS' GOODS

C. B. Stevens & Co.,

IN

CUBA

llij Lamparila, Havana, Cuba

LEWIS' GOODS

Paul Bachbrt,

IN

CALIFORNIA

Acton, Calif.

LEWIS' GOODS IN COLORADO

ROBT. Hallet, Montrose, Colo.

Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers' Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand Junction, Colo.

Colorado Honey Producers' Association, Denver — Loveland, Colo.

LEWIS' GOODS

Chas. H. Lilly & Co.,

IN

WASHINGTON

Seattle, Wash.

.^ LEWIS' GOODS

^AA . Fred FouLGER & Son,

IN

UTAH

Ogden, Utah

SK LEWIS' GOODS

^ j^ ^ Wisconsin Lumber Co.,

IN

MINNESOTA

Faribault, Minn-

^K LEWIS' GOODS

IN

IOWA

^^W Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport

, Iowa.

Adam A. Clarke, Lemars, Iowa

LEWIS' GOODS

E. T. Abbott,

IN

MISSOURI

St. Joseph, Mo.

LEWIS' GOODS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, 111.

IN

ILLINOIS

A. CoppiN, Wenona, 111.

LEWIS' GOODS

C. M. Scott & Co.,

IN

1004 E.

INDIANA

Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

LEWIS' GOODS IN OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
NoHRis AND ANsrACfi, KcntOD, Ohio.

LEWIS' GOODS

A. G. Woodman,

IN

MICHIGAN

Grand Rapids, Mich.

LEWIS' GOODS

Southwestern Bee Co.,

IN

TEXAS

San Antonio, Texas

*
»

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.,-

SEND FOR NEW CATALOG.

PROF. LOUIS H. SCHOLL. s;. K,,.-™. " Bee-Kegplug ju |,|]6 SoUllli6Sl "

a\nen

^ee 3ournal

45th Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., JAN. 26, 1905.

p- 3

^■■■im 1. »J-4«»-4R^ 3 t -^^W ~» ~a

h*w«PBBl

^f i

'•LAKE PHALEN APIABT", AN OUT-APIART OF H. G. ACKLIN,
OF RAMSEY CO., MINN.

No. 4.

11

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 190

FOE 1905.

We are always studying how to improve our goods. That's why we
are leaders. No detail is too small for improvement. No expenses are spared
to experiment and build new machinery. There are many advantages in buy-
ing Root's Goods. You can't get good goods cheaper ; you save freight and
time, and you are always sure of the very latest in apiculture. Below are our [^
improvements for 1905.

Honey Extractors

The honey extractors of 1905 have
steel stampings in many places where
gray Iron castings were used formerly.
These stampings are so ribbed and
braced that the construction of the
basliets will be much stifter than for-
merly with no possibility of any of the
parts breatcing.

Wire Imbedder

Our new spur wire imbedder is a
great improvement over the old one.
Although it costs 20 cents and the old
one sells for only 10 cents, it is 10
times better. It does very neat, pretty
work and the special construction of
the teeth with the groove makes it
easy to follow the wire during the
process of imbedding.

Perforated Zinc

A complete new set of dies and
press have been made during 1904 for
turning out perforated zinc, so that
our 1905 product will be even better
than before.

Smokers

Some minor improvements have been
made in our smokers by which the
blast will be increased and the general
construction throughout stiffened. A
very neat and strong brace is placed in
such position that the legs supporting
the cup or stove can not be twisted or
bent out of shape without crushing
the whole smoker.

Fences

Some of our fences for the supers
will be nailed as well as glued. This
will enable the user to clean oft the
propolis by immersing them in boiling
water, a fact which will be appreciated
by many.

Root's

Automatic Extractor

*

We have got it at last. An auto-
matic reversible honey-extractor
that will reverse the pockets while
in motion by simply pressing on a
lever. The extractors are no larger
than the Cowans, and reverse with-
out bang or slam, provided the di-
rections are followed. They are
equipped with street-car band-
brake,noiseless gearing, gearing on
top of the reel out of the honey,
and out of the way of putting in
and removing the combs. We have
the 4-frame size all ready for de-
livery. Six-frame, 8-frame, and 3-
frame sizes will be ready shortly.
Price will be only $2.00 above the
regular price for 2, 4, 6, and 8
frame Cowan extractors, respect-
ively.

Wax-Tube

The Van Deusen wax-tube fastener
is made of one piece of brass tubing
drawn down to a point. It is a much
neater and l:>etter tool than the one
sold last year.

German Wax-Press

The German wax-press is now so
improved that it has a threefold use.
First, as a wax-rendering device and
press to squeeze out slumgum clear of
wax. Second, as a press for squeezing
honey out of cappings, bits of burr-
combs, chunk honey and the like.
Third, as an uncapping can for uncap-
ping combs preparatory to extracting.
This last feature will prove invaluable
because the cappings will drop into the
basket, and when the uncapping is
done the cappings can be squeezed un-
til they are dry, the honey running out
at the spout. Three machines for the
price of one. And our price has been
reduced to $12.00.

Bee-Yell

Our bee-veil for 1905 will have rub-
ber cord sewed in the bottom edge so
that the top as well as the bottom will
be elastic. If the directions are fol-
lowed the edge of the veil can be made
bee-tight around the waist or coat, ef-
fectually protecting the wearer. We
will still furnish veils with siMi bind-
ing and when called for can supply
them.

Cover

The Excelsior cover will look about
the same as before except that its con-
struction will be simplified and
strengthened, making it better in every
way to withstand extremes of hot and
dry weather. It will be used on all
our hives including the Danzenbaker,
as it has stood the test of many years,
and for a general purpose cover we
know of nothing better.

Ask for our Catalog. A postal brings it.

THE A. 1. ROOT COflPANY,

Factory and Execdtivb Office,

MEDINA, OHIO.

BK-A-NCHHS.

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, 44 Vesey Street.

Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee St.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.

San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So. Flores Street.
Washington, D. C, 1100 Maryland Ave., S.W.
.,, Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.

Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane.

Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published Weekly at Sl.OO a Year by Cieorge W. ¥ork & Co., 334 Uearbom St.

QBORae W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL, JAN, 26, 1905,

VoL XLV.— No. 4.

^

€bitortal Hotes
anb (Eommcnts

J

Lawsuits and the National Association.

The Board of Directors of the National have decided
that "in case of litigation hereafter the financial aid ex-
tended by the National Bee-Keepers' Association shall not
exceed the sum of one-half the expense incurred in such
case".

That will allow more attention to adulteration, and pos-
sibly the time may not be far distant when something may
be done in general advertising of honey. Speed the day !

Selling Small Crops of Honey.

One of the large honey commission dealers once told us
that he did not solicit small shipments of honey. He
thought that, for various reasons, such could better be dis-
posed of nearer home, and often so advised when they were
offered to him.

But we find there are quite a number of bee-keepers
who seem to have no little difficulty in selling their honey
in their home or near-by market.

Then, again, there are others who conld sell more than
they can produce, right in their home market. We would
like to invite this latter class to tell how they do it. It is
not necessary to tell in what particular town you have
worked up a good demand for your honey— simply tell how
you do it. By so doing you will in a measure repay the
debt you owe to others who perhaps have aided you with a
description of their methods.

There must be many who have been successful in sell-
ing their own crops of honey to private families, and at
paying prices. Can we not hear from some of them 7

Worker-Eggs in Drone-Cells.

In the British Bee Journal G. B. asks : " When worker-
eggs are deposited in drone-cells do they develop, and, if
so, are the resultant workers as large as drones "? To
which that journal replies: "A fertile queen never de-
posits worker-eggs in drone-cells, therefore, the question
about ' resultant workers ' can not arise ".

Ordinarily neither a fertile queen nor any other kind of
a queen lays worker-eggs in drone-cells ; but in exceptional
cases a queen lays worker-eggs in drone-cells, and from
such eggs are developed worker-bees just the same as if the

eggs had been laid in worker-cells. A special case may be
mentioned : About 30 years ago R. R. Murphy sent to the
office of the American Bee Journal a piece of comb contain-
ing sealed brood, the comb being unquestionably drone-
comb ; and notwithstanding the journey through the mail
young workers emerged that were not noticeably different
in size or otherwise from workers in general.

It has been explained that it sometimes occurs that
when a piece of drone-comb happens to come in the middle
of the brood-nest of a colony with a vigorous young laying
queen, the bees deposit wax on the edges of the cell-walls,
making the diameter at the mouth of the cell the same as
the diameter of a worker-cell, such cells being then occupied
with worker-brood.

Felt for Winter Packing.

This is recommended in Praktischer Wegweiser as
being better than straw or moss covering, and no more ex-
pensive.

Does White Clover Winter-Kill?

Virgil Weaver asserts in Gleanings in Bee-Culture —
apparently endorsed by that paper^that white clover nevei^
winter-kills ; that in supposed cases of winter-killing the
plants die from drouth, such death being in no way affected
by the cold. Can it be possible that the general belief is so
far out of the way ?

Columbus-Comb of Doubtful Utility.

The new foundation with tin-foil base, made in Ger-
many and called " Kolumbuswabe " (Columbus-comb), was
heralded as a great acquisition ; but reports of success in
using it are singularly lacking. Foerster Klauke, in Prak-
tischer Wegweiser, reports having tried a hive filled with
the new foundation, also single frames put in the middle of
the brood-nest, but the bees made such bad work with it
that he concludes by saying that it has only given him
something more for the lumber-room.

The Bee-Keepers' Experience Meeting.

Personal experiences are nearly always interesting,
and often most profitable. Bee-keepers, we think, are
famous, as a rule, for their great unselfishness in the line
of imparting freely the results of their work with bees. We
dare say there is scarcely another vocation in which so
many have been so kind and so generous in this regard.
We have often marvelled at it.

And the "experience meeting " must ever be a place of
helpfulness, as each contributes to the general fund of in-
formation or encouragement. The bee-papers are really
places where are recorded the experiences of those who

52

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905.

have been keeping bees for a longer or shorter time. Some
who arise and speak (or write) as in a bee-keepers' conven-
tion, have had a larger and perhaps a more varied experi-
ence, hence their ability to impart more information. But
taking together all that is written (or printed) in any one
issue of a bee-paper, it makes a nice " apicultural meal "•
And where a bee-keeper takes several of the bee-papers (as
all should do if they wish to gain every advantage to be
had from bee-literature), he will have several such " square
meals " during the month.

Now, as ye have enjoyed and been profited by reading
the experiences of others, so should ye contribute your ex-
perience in return. No one bee-keeper knows it all. But
by each adding a little to the general fund of bee-lore, so
will all be helped on to success.

The National Pure Food Bill.

We have received the following, and also a newspaper
clipping, from E. Woodall, of Charlevoix Co., Mich., refer-
ring to the Pure Food Bill before Congress in Washing-
ton:

Editor York :— I notice the daily press states that the
Whiskey Trust has held up the Pure Food Bill which passed
the House last session, and is now in the United States Sen-
ate on the shelf and no prospects of the Senate taking it up
this sitting. Give bee-keepers another jog to write their
United States senators, and put it through.

E. Woodall.

The clipping mentioned reads as follows, sent out by
the Associated Press :

Washington, Jan. 9.— Friends of the Pure Food Bill,
passed by the House and now pending in the Senate, and
especially members of the International Pure Food Con-
gress, believe the whiskey rectifiers of the country have
killed the measure so far as the present session is con-
cerned.

It is asserted that a powerful lobby, representing the
whiskey rectifiers of the country, who, according to Dr. H.
W. Wiley, produce 85 percent of the whiskey drank in
America, has been on the ground ever since the session be-
gan. The rectifiers oppose the bill because it would com-
pel them to label their product as adulterated whiskey.

Why not all bee-keepers write at once to their senators
at Washington, D. C, to take up that Pure Food Bill and
pass it during this session of Congress ? It ought to be
done for the best interest of all the people, for all must eat,
and should be assured that they are buying pure food.

inisccllancous
Hetps ♦:- 3 terns

J'

The FlFSt Double Number of the American Bee Jour-
nal for 1905 is before you. In it is completed the report of
the St. Louis convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation. It is a rather long report, but will well repay a
close reading. Especially is the paper by Mr. Frank Ben-
ton very interesting, as it gives a careful, though con-
densed, review of the work done in the interest of bee-keep-
ing by our National Government. We regretted the neces-
sity of dividing his paper, a part of it appearing in last
week's number.

Geo. A. Ohmert, of Dubuque Co., Iowa, writing us Jan.
10, had this to say :

i;h .d a $500 fire the other day, burning farm tools and
gasoline engine, but it did not burn any bees.

The weather is pretty cold here, being 14 degrees below
zero this morning. Bees in the cellar seem to be all right
so far. Geo. A. Ohmert.

The Washinjfton State Association meets in North
Yakima, Wash., Feb. 8, 9 and 10, 1905. Among the subjects
on the program are the following :

" How to Market Honey " — Isaac Hayes.

" Food Value of Honey as Compared with Other Prin-
cipal Foods " — Prof. G. L. Tanzer, Analytical Chemist.

" The Value of Bees to the Orchard and the Time to
Cut Alfalfa " — W. S. Lawrence, Assistant Botanist of
Washington State Agricultural College.

"What We Should Do at Lewis and Clark Fair "— Legh
R. Freeman, editor Northwest Farm and Home.

" How to Start an Apiary " — Robert Cissna.

" Profits in Bee-Keeping "—Prof. F. A. Huntley.

" How State Associations Should Buy Supplies " —
Ernest R. Root.

" Bee-Keeping in Eastern Washington " — R. W. Keis-
ling.

"The Irrigator's Bees "—Dr. F. S. Hedger.

" History of the Honey-Bee "—Prof. G. A. Balmer.

" The Various Ways of Marketing Honey " — Anson
White.

" Washington Bee-Pastures, and How to Maintain
Them "— C. Rose.

" Bee-Keeping in Yakima County " — Hiram H. Cole.

" Bee-Keeping in Western Washington "—-Thomas
Wickersham.

"The Brotherhood of Bee-Keepers "—Rev. J. P. Berg.

Judging from the foregoing list of papers to be read,
any bee-keeper in that region that fails to attend will miss
a treat. Such a list may also help other bee-keepers' asso-
ciations when preparing their programs.

" Bee-Pranlcs " is the title of a neat 20-page pamphlet
just issued by the G. B. Lewis Co. Its preface contains
these words : " Compiled from clippings taken from news-
papers published all over the United States, and therefore
gives as nearly as possible a complete and authentic daily
record of common, uncommon, strange and unique happen-
ings in the busy life of the bee during the year just passed ".
So far as we know it is the only thing of its kind ever pub-
lished. It certainly is an original piece of work, and at-
tractively gotten up by White's Class Advertising Co., of
Chicago. It is mailed for 12 cents in stamps by the G. B.
Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Henry Field, Seedsman, of Shenandoah, Iowa, has
sent us his annual catalog for 1905. At the top of the first
page it reads : " The seeds that yield are sold by Field ".
This is also a case where a Field is in the field to sell honest
and true-to-name seeds. His specialty is seed-corn, but he
has many others. His advertisement appears in another
column this week.

©pinions v of
Some (Experts

J

YVhich Finished First, Bait-Sections or Sections
witli Fuil-Slieet Foundation?

31. — What bait-combs {tfiat l&^unjjuished sections of the previous
year) are ^lsed in a super along with sections filled with foundation^ wliich
will be Jinishecl first, the baits or the sections with foitnOaiiont

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.)— The baits.

C. H. DiBBERN (111.)— The bait-sections, every time.

R. L. Taylor (Mich.) — The sections with foundation,
as a rule.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.)— Usually there will be little
difference.

P. H. Elwood.(N. Y.) — With us the baits are usually
finished first, unless in the extreme corners of the super.

f

Jan. 26 19( 5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

53

E. S. LovKSY (Utah)— The bait-sections, at least this is
my experience.

Jas. a. Stone (111.)— Never had any good results from
so doing', so I quit it.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— There will not be much difference
when they are side by side.

N. E. France (Wis.)— Generally bait-sections, but they
will not be as white when finished.

O. O. PoppLETON (Fla.) — It is too many years since I
produced section honey to remember about this.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— Work will always be started
in the bait-combs first, and they will usually be finished
first.

J. M. Hambaugh (Calif.) — This is largely owing to the
strength of the colony. The baits will be accepted first, as
a rule.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.) — I have not had enough experi-
ence to speak authoritatively, but I think the bait-sections
will be finished first.

Dr. C. C. Mii,i,er (111.) — Baits, every time, in this
locality. Possibly baits might be so objectionable in some
way that the bees would prefer the foundation.

G. M. DooLiTTLE (N. Y.) — Depends where baits are
placed. If in the center, the baits will be finished first. If
baits are in the corners or outside rows, then about alike.

Wm. Rohrig (Ariz.)— I don't know. If I were permitted
to guess I should say if the bait-combs were nice clean ones,
placed in the center of the super, they would be finished
first.

S. T. PBTTiT(Ont.)— If the bees are on the weak side,
nad the flow slack, the bait-sections. If the bees are in
good condition, and the flow good, there will be no appre-
ciable difference.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.) — Baits, under unfavorable condi-
tions of strength of colony and flow ; foundation first when
we have rousing colonies, and the nectar just rolls in.
Strange, but true.

G. W. Demaree (Ky.) — As far as my observation ex-
tends the partly-built combs used as inducers take the lead,
at least at the start. As to z.zXw.?l\ finish^ my attention has
not been, called to that point.

Iv. Stachelhadsen (Tex.) — During a slow or moderate
honey-flow the bait-combs will be finished first. During a
good honey-flow there may be no difference, and sometimes
even foundation may be finished first.

Eugene Secor (Iowa) — If honey is coming in slowly
the baits will be finished first, and if the crop is short some-
times they will be the only ones finished. If the flow is
generous the others will be completed as soon.

E. D. TowNSEND (Mich.)— Bait-combs, if in the center
of the super; if in the corners, as we use them, a few of the
cells on the outside lower edge of the bait-section will be un-
sealed when the rest of the super is ready to come ofl^.

James A. Green (Colo.)— If the honey-flow is moderate,
or only ordinarily good, the bait-sections will be finished
first. But in a really good honey-flow the sections having
full sheets of foundation will usually be finished first.

E- Whitcomb (Nebr.)— I have noticed that the new
combs with foundation are usually finished first. The bees
do dislike to finish up an old last year's job, and the result
is never satisfactory to the customer. I have never thought
advisable to put unfinished sections back into the hive. If
we can not get finished sections it is better to work for ex-
tracted honey.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — It depends upon the strength
of the colony, the flow, kind of bees, and where in the super
the baits are placed. In a good flow a strong colony that
has considerable black or German blood will finish sections
filled with foundation as soon as they will baits. Although
outside the question, I would like to say that these bait-
sections are never first-class comb honey when finished.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the oflSce of the
American Bee Journal.

\ (£ontrtbutcb -f
Special Clrttcles

=\

J

Airing Cellared Bees— Is It Wise to Do It ?

BY DR. C. C. MII.I.ER.

ON page 694 (1904), Mr. H. R. Boardman, speaking about
bees in winter confinement, says : " I used to open the
outside door to admit the fresh, cool air at night to
quiet the bees down when they became restless, but I am
sure it is a mistake to ventilate in that way. The bees will
surely become quiet after admitting the fresh air and low-
ering the temperature, but they will not stay quiet. It only
increases the impulse to rear brood, just the diSiculty that
already exists ".

Mr. Boardman is a man of sane judgment and ripe ex-
perience, and his view is apparently endorsed by Mr. Hasty,
page 794 (1904). The paper of such a man, with such an
endorser, ought readily to passcurrent as " gilt-edged ", and
the beginner who cellars his bees might naturally conclude
that when a warm spell comes in late winter or early spring
it will be unwise for him to open up the cellar, no matter
how warm nor how uneasy the bees. Such a conclusion
would, I think, be a mistake. Mind you, I don't say I
know — I don't know — / think. It is clearly one of those
things of which our good Af terthinker well says, page 794 :
" Manifestly it takes time and brains, and close observa-
tion, to reach the hardpan of correct practice".

Mr. Boardman winters bees above ground ; I below.
That may make a difference ; and there may be other dif-
ferences that make a thing right for me and wrong for him ;
and there still remains the possibility that I may be wrong
in my views and in my practice. In any case it will do no
harm to tell why I believe and practice as I do.

Throughout most of the winter the temperature in the
cellar is higher than that outdoors. Toward the latter part
of winter, however, and especially in spring before cellar-
wintering is over, there come warm spells, perhaps only a
day, possibly several days, when the outdoor air is as warm
as that in the cellar. So long as it is colder out than in, the
colder air forces its way into the cellar, making the venti-
lation constant. When the outdoor air becomes as warm as
that in the cellar, there is an equilibrium, and ventilation
ceases. Under ordinary circumstances, when these warm
spells come, the bees become quite uneasy. I formerly
thought it was because the bees were too warm, for the
bees were quiet in the cellar at 45 degrees, and noisy during
those warm spells when the cellar temperature went up to

48 or SO degrees. I do not think so now Since writing

that last sentence I have been down cellar, and the ther-
mometer there says 54 degrees ; outdoors 27 degrees. The
bees are quiet ; I think they would be more quiet at 45 de-
grees, but a furnace does not allow that.

The point I wish to make is, that if formerly, in warm
spells, the bees were very noisy at 48 or 50 degrees, they
ought to be still more uneasy at 54 degrees if their uneasi-
ness was caused by the heat of the cellar. On such occa-
sions I opened the cellar wide at dusk ; the admission of
fresh air only made the bees worse for a time, but by morn-
ing they were very quiet. That agrees with Mr. Board-
man's testimony so far ; but he says they will not stay
quiet. I would not like to be too positive in such a matter,
but I think they remained quiet until another warm spell.
He says : " It only increases the impulse to rear brood, just
the difficulty that already exists ". What made it already
exist ? The only condition already existing that could
start brood-rearing, so far as I can see, was the excitement
from foul air or from warm air. Why should removing
either of these conditions make the matter worse ?

In my case, however, it was a rare thing for brood-rear-
ing to start before the bees were taken out of the cellar for
good, and I think the airing of the cellar did not increase
brood-rearing. When a warm spell of several days oc-
curred, if I had left the cellar closed I think the situation
would have become intolerable. Conditions must be some-
what different with Mr. Boardman, if at such times his
bees remain quiet with all closed.

I would at leasti.advise that beginners who cellar their

54

THE AMERICA fV BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 19CS.

bees would do a little experimenting before settling- dowu
into the belief that the cellar must never be opened for
airing while the bees are in it. McHenry Co., 111.

91

Old Comb Foundation as Good as New.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLB.

THE old idea that we must have comb foundation that is
just off the mills for use in the apiary seems to be
springing up again, if I can judge from my corres-
pondence. One wishes to know if it is a fact that such
foundation is better than that a year old, or only some one's
"think so". And another writes :

" Would you please let me know through the American
Bee Journal if it will be just as well to fasten the founda-
tion in the frames and sections during the winter months,
while I have plenty of time, as to do the same just before it
is needed, using new foundation ? If the latter, then I must
do the work when I am crowded with the bees, just when I
can least afford to spare the time. If I could fix things this
winter when I have nothing else to do, having everything
in readiness when the bee-season opened, I could do the
work at a much less cost to me."

During the years which have passed since I began to
use comb foundation I have experimented largely in this
matter, and have become thoroughly convinced that all talk
about old foundation not being as good as new — about how
it becomes hard and dry so that it can not be easily worked
by the bees — is a fallacy. To be sure, on these cold, win-
try days all foundation does look hard and dry and anything
but inviting to the bees, or to myself either ; but just wait
till some hot day in June or July and then go up to the
upper room of your building, where it is stored away, or
where the frames are filled with it ; yea, open up your sur-
plus arrangement of sections and take a look at it, and if it
is not too soft and pliable to handle easily, then your store-
room and your experience will be different from mine.

Why I have alluded to an upper room or attic is this :
Cold foundation has a whitish, hard appearance, while
foundation in a heat of 100 degrees, Fahr., has a yellow,
oily appearance, and when it appears thus it is pliable to
handle and inviting to the bees. Now take a piece of foun-
dation fresh from the mill, and take it into the cold room,
and you will at once say this new is more acceptable to the
bees than a like amount of foundation which is from one to
three years old, with which you are making a comparison.
But take the same new piece into the attic on a hot July
day, and hold it by the side of the old, and you will con-
clude at pnce that both are alike inviting to the bees.

Again, take the old on some cool day in June, when it
looks so uninviting, and lower a frame filled with it down
into the center of the brood-nest. Leave it five minutes,
then go with a piece of that fresh from the mill (or as fresh
as can possibly be to the one who buys his foundation), open
the hive and lift out the frame you set in a few minutes be-
fore, when, presto ! the old and the new have become alike
again, and the bees have already begun to manipulate that
which is in the frame.

In other words, when placed in the hive the foundation
assumes the same yellow, oily, soft, pliable nature after a
minute or two that it has in the attic, or when first leaving
the mill. And if this is a fact, which, from all of my ex-
periments I know it to be, will any one tell me why it is not
just as acceptable to the bees as that fresh and new from
the mill ? Under these conditions no one can tell the new
from the old when the different pieces have been shuffled
together, unless some special mark has been placed on one
of them.

To show that I am not writing one thing while practic-
ing another, allow me to say that all the foundation used in
both sections and frames in my apiary during the past IS
years was placed where it is to be used by the bees during
the months of December, January, February and March,
and both the supers of sections and the hives of frames so
filled are stored away for use when the hurry of the sum-
mer's work with the bees is on. In this way I have all in
readiness, at the " ends of my fingers ", for use just when
they are needed, so that there need not be even an hour's
delay.

This matter of old foundation not being as good as new,
is like many another matter which has been started without
due consideration being paid to it ; and, being once started,
it keeps on its rounds through the papers and on mortal
lips, going around and around, as on an endless chain year

after year, decade after decade ; bobbing up its head again
after a quarter of a century has passed, till nearly all the
world thinks it must be a fact,

PROVE FACTS FOR YOURSELF.

And now, Mr, Editor, with your permission I wish to
say a word or two about taking what any one says or writes
as an establiihed Jact. I am not against any or all heeding
what is said or written sufficiently to experiment thereon,
for even a theory advanced by some may, and often does,
prove a reality when put in practice by others. But no man
or woman should be only an imitator of some one else. Set
your own mind at work, and it will prove to your own self
what is right and what is wrong, if you will let your hands
obey its teachings by way of doing a little experimenting
on a small scale.

Don't depend upon what Messrs. Dadant, Townsend,
York, Root, Hutchinson, Doolittle, or any one else tells you
unless it is right in line with what you want, and proves as
they say under _j/o«r own manipulation. If you want some-
thing different from what they do, please tell me what there
is to hinder JOM own self trying what you want, and then if
it proves, after trial, to be just the thing for you, tell the
world about it so that Dr. Miller, Hasty, Doolittle, etc., can
take advantage of your experiments as you have been tak-
ing advantage of theirs, and thus shall come a mutual
benefit to the whole fraternity.

Dadant would never have been a Dadant had he been
like a Doolittle, nor a Townsend a Townsend, nor a Dr.
Miller a Dr. Miller. Don't be afraid of a little experiment-
ing on your part ; only take my advice and not go in too
heavy at first. Two or three colonies are enough for the first
trial, and if such a small experiment tells you you are on
the right track, then use more until the thing is proven ;
when, after that, you can safely devote the whole apiary to
the matter. It is needless to sacrifice a whole apiary to any
single experiment, as some seem prone to think they must
if they experiment at all. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

No. 2. -What is the Best Bee-Hive?

BY ALLEN LATHAM.
(Concluded from page 3S.)

THAT the crosswise frame and the closed-end frame
should not find favor in Texas or any other locality
where the winter is not a serious item should not hold
the attention a minute. We, in the North, have another
problem on our hands altogether. We have a long, cold
winter followed by a lingering spring, and not infrequently
we have raw, chilly days in the summer months. The aver-
age bee-keeper perhaps gives too little heed to this matter
of conserving the heat of the colony, to planning a hive
which will meet the needs of the bee as well as those of the
bee-keeper. In prosperous seasons bees will give good re-
turns in any sort of rattle-trap of a hive, and in mild win-
ters they get along well, though their keeper (?) has done
little to further their comfort. But the bad season comes
when only the best colonies pay for their salt, the cold win-
ter falls when only the best-kept colonies see the next sum-
mer. It is for such that we must plan.

Does the hive that you keep meet with these require-
ments ? Did your bees winter well last winter ? Do you
succeed in getting a surplus in the poor season ? If you
can answer yes with satisfaction then you perhaps will not
be interested to better your hive, but if you do not answer
yes then study the hive you use.

In a spring free from cold spells, and through a sum-
mer of prosperity a hive with its free-hanging, lengthwise
frames will beyond doubt hold its own with one in which
the frames are closed-end and crosswise. It is during the
winter and the spring that the great superiority of such
frames becomes apparent.

Think for a moment of the bees on a free-hanging,
lengthwise frame in winter. The ends all come to the en-
trance, and the cold wind is free to go up along the sides of
every layer of bees as they lie between the combs. Each
inter-comb space is a part of the united interior of the hive.
Now consider the closed-end frame. In this case each inter-
comb space is a space by itself, which communicates with
the rest of the space of the hive only below and through
the pop-holes along the edges of the comb. Now set this
frame crosswise. Only the first comb is next to the en-
trance, and any wind to get about the cluster of bees must
turn an angle of 90 degrees. It will not do this, because in

Jan. 26, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNALm.

55

order for it to go up it must displace air already there. This
it can not do, for there is not a chance for that air to move
to get out of the way.

I give my hives ample entrance in winter, for I know
that they have, as it were, a storm-door between them and
outside. The spaces between the bottom-bars become in-
side entrances through which a good circulation is going
on, but through which no cold, death-dealing winds will
mount.

It is to be observed, further, that the free-hanging
frames furnish a hive which is the same size throughout
the winter, so that the weakened colony in early spring has
the same big, cold quarters which the strong colony occu-
pied in the fall. The closed-end, crosswise frame does not
work on this principle. It is only so large a hive as the
colony is large, for it is small for the small colony and
large for the large colony. Each comb is a wall shutting
off any space which the colony does not occupy. Extremely
weak colonies will build up rapidly in spring in these hives.
One season might easily pay for a change of hives in this
way alone.

For cellar-wintering one style of frame is probably
about as good as another, but after the bees are put out in
spring the advantages would be with the crosswise frame.
I should therefore assume that in general in the North the
use of the frame which I advocate would be most advanta-
geous.

It is only fair to acknowledge that my use of the frame
does not cover any great length of time, only three seasons,
and it is quite possible that a long use of the same may dis-
close objections which I do not now see. As the case now
stands I see no objections which come anywhere near off-
setting the manifest advantages ; and I am confident that
a fair trial will win many converts to this style of frame.
The satisfaction of strong and vigorous colonies in the
spring is worth the trial. New London Co., Conn.

^

Clftcrtl^ougl^ts

J'

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

ITALIANS VS. BLACKS AGAINST FOUL BROOD.

I can readily imagine that energetic bees will make a
much better flight against foul brood than would a strain
of bees lacking in energy. I'm not quite so ready to set it
down that Italians resist better than blacks, if a good strain
of blacks is chosen. Still it may be so. The tactics of the
two races are radically different. The German race is
greatly inclined to make a panacea of simple waiting till
the conditions of Nature improve ; and therefore they do
not wear their lives out in vain as badly as Italians often
do. Italians incline to struggle under almost all circum-
stances. It happens, of course, that waiting for foul brood
to improve is a sort of tactics that won't work at all — might
as well wait for your house a-fire to go out. Maybe Italians
perceive this better than the blacks do, or, if not, their nat-
ural disposition to struggle comes in play better. Pages
819 and 829.

INSUFFICIENT AND POOR STORKS CADSB OF WINTER BEE-
LOSSES.

L. M. Gulder sized up last winter's great mortality just
right when he said, " First, insufficient stores, and second,
poor stores ". I need not go outside my own yard for ex-
amples in evidence. And perhaps this sentence deserves
more reflection than it is liable to get : " The basswood
honey is gathered only to a limited extent from' the blos-
soms, by far the greater quantity coming from the secretion
of the leaves, or, in other words, basswood honey-dew ".
Wonder if that isn't what is the matter with my basswood
honey this last season — too much flavor, and the flavor not
as good as it should be. The taste alone, unconfirmed by
observations, should not be accepted as proving this, how-
ever. I think a plant usually pours in about the same
amount of flavoring, whether the nectar-secretion is small
or great — that is, scant secretion pretty sure to be strongly
flavored, and profuse secretion pretty sure to be lightly
flavored. This law comes in splendidly for plants which

have disagreeable flavors. When the secretion is profuse
enough their honey will be good. Same in regard to color-
ing matter ; scant honey sure to be dark honey, and vice
versa. Page 821.

REMOVING BEE-STINGS WHEN STUNG.

We have again, on page 822, directions for the proper
removal of a sting when we get one. I think I can add a
suggestion of considerable value, which is for the most part
strangely forgotten. It's all right to avoid taking hold of
a sting with thumb and finger ; it's all right to avoid press-
ing on it ; it's all right to lift it deftly out with the blade of
a sharp knife ; but not if extra time is consumed thereby.
Even one second gained in time is of more importance than
any variation of the manipulation. A sting is a self-acting
squirt-gun in action, and very soon pretty much the entire
charge of poison will be driven in ; after which all your
wise " chenanigan " in removal comes too late. Have it
out instantly — in the best way, if that's available, but in
the worst way if you must. A large share of the stings
which bee-keepers get come when one or both hands are
fast. Place the wounded part against the best thing avail-
able, and with a rub forcible enough to be sure to take it out
the first time, rub it out.

COMB-HONEY STORY DENIAL ON SECTIONS.

Nice question to decide about, that denial printed on
the section. Denial of a bad story about a lady should not
be printed on her cheek — else lots of folks will thereby get
it for the first time, and adhere to it — and some will view
such strenuosity of denial as evidence of guilt. If nearly
every one already has heard the manufactured-honey story,
and already has an opinion about it, a printed denial on
every section may perhaps be our best resource. On the
whole, I rather think it is, although it will make some people
believe the lie more firmly than ever. Page 822.

YELLOW JACKET AND WASP STINGS VS. BEE-STINGS.

Where Wm. M. Whitney says that the sting of the yel-
low jacket is more virulent than that of the bee, he is on
the track of the truth, but hasn't quite captured it yet, it
seems to me. I think that the exact facts are that the two
poisons are much more materially different than usually
supposed, so much so that immunization against either one
doesn't count much against the other. I have often noticed
this in my own person. I am now tolerably well immunized
against bee-stings. Before I was immunized I dreaded bee-
stings more than I dreaded wasp-stings. Now wasp-stings
affect me much the worse of the two — but perhaps not quite
so badly as they originally did. And I think a man cotild be
immunized against wasp-stings and not against bee-stings.
Then he would dread bee-stings and regard wasp-stings
with semi-indifference. Page 830.

=__== = ^

l:)odox miller's
Question = Box

==/

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. (3. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Making Supers and Hives— Hlvlns Swarms on Ponndatlon

1. I am going to make 600 or SCO supers for comb honey. What
style would you advise me to make ; I expect to buy the separators.
What size section and style of fence ? I am pretty well satisfied with
the T super with fences. Do you think I can do better j

3. I am thinking of making oae or two hundred hives as follows :
The body the same as the dovetailed except that the sides will be of %
lumber. Will make a honey-board for over the frames, and make a
deep cover, or cover with rim as deep as the hive-body. "Top of cover
flat, covered with paper. By making this cover of 3i^-inoh material
the whole hive will not cost me i^uy more than a regular dovetailed
hive, and I figure that it would be very much superior in the way of
spring protection, warm supers, etc. Am I right' Do you think
such a hive with an additional rim and padded sticks around the l)ot-
tom, and 4 inches of chaff over the bees, would winter bees well out-
doors? You see, I want something that would winter l)ees outdoors
on a pinch, but wherever possible I would winter them in the cellar.

3. Do you advise hiving swarms on starters for comb honey '

New York.

AnswBRS. — 1. It Isn't the easiest thing in the world to advise
about such things. One's market .8 to be considered, etc. Other
things being equal, it Is well to get new supers of the same kind as

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905;

those already on hand. It is doubtful that you can get anything bet
ter than the T super, provided you know how to use it correctly.
The fence should be the T fence to go with the T super, and should
be nailed or fastened together in some way besides mere gluing, unless
you prefer plain separators. As to size of section, find out which will
bring most in your market.

2. On general principles it is a bad thing to make a hive different
from all other hives, and I should advise against it unless you feel
very sure it will be a great improvement. Even then it is best to go
slow, and make a trial on a small scale. If you have never tried such
a hive as you contemplate, you can not be at all sure you will like it,
and it is not a nice thing to have as many as a hundred unsatisfactory
hives reproachfully staring one in the face every time one goes into
the apiary. So far as wintering is concerned, your hive ought to be
all right, but I have doubts whether you would like it in summer.
Honey-boards have been pretty generally discarded.

3. It is so important to have combs of perfectly straight, all-
worker comb that it pays to fill the frames entirely full of comb
loundation.

Feeding Bees In the Spring.

I have 3 colonies of bees that I am afraid are short of stores, but
if they should live until spring, and it gets warm enough so they can
fly occasionally, would it be all right to feed them sugar syrup in
feeders on top of the frames, a small amount each day, until the
flowers bloom? Would it be likely to start robbing? Maine.

Answer.— Instead of feeding a little every day, better give them
a good feast, giving it to them warm as possible, so as to get them to
take enough to tide them over a considerable space of time. If you
give them a little each day when they can fly only occasionally, it
keeps them stirred up and makes them fly out at times when they may
be chilled and never get back to the hive. If the feed is given so that
no robber can get to it except through the entrance of the hive, there
ought not to be much danger of robbing, especially if the feed be
given well on in the day.

Transferring Bees from a "Log" Hive.

I placed a " log of bees " in the cellar a few days since. I had
them cut and hauled in a wagon about one-fourth of a mile. They
seemed to be all right. They had been in the tree since July last. I
see a large number of dead bees at the bottom of the " gum " since
being in the cellar. The log is about 4 feet long with a small opening,
and I can see empty comb at the top and no bees there. I can see
comb at the bottom and lots of bees. I placed a section of honey at
the top, and it was untouched for three days. I placed it at the bot-
tom with the same result thus far. Now, when should I transfer them
to a regular Langstroth hive? And how can it be done— in the cellar,
and when? Iowa.

Answer.— No, don't transfer in the cellar; wait till the bees are
busy in fruit-bloom. Perhaps it may be better still to wait till the
bees swarm, hiving the swarm in the new hive, then cutting out the
combs from the log hive 21 days after swarming.

The Best Hive to Start With.

I will quit business the coming summer and locate on a farm. I
have already purchased 6 colonies of bees, but I am not versed suffi-
ciently in the bee-business to know what hive would be best for me to
get. I was about to get the Danzenbalter, but since reading the
American Bee Journal I see in the answers that you also have hives.
Have you any for sale? If so, which would be the best and cheapest
to get? How far are you from St. Louis? Missouri.

Answer. — I have no hives for sale, and have no financial interest
in any hive. It is likely that the dovetailed hive would suit you as
well as any. It is not so much the hive as the management ; and I am
sorry to say that sometimes claims are made for a hive of some par-
ticular make which are not warranted by the facts, and the inexperi-
enced is led to think that if he only has that hive he'll get the honey.
I am not far from 300 miles north of St. Louis, but a hive right for
this latitude would probably be aU right there.

Sainfoin in lowa-tietting Bees Out of Pull Supers.

1. Will sainfoin grow in northeastern Iowa? If so, is it of any
value as pasture for stock? Will it produce much liay, or is it
something like sweet clover? If not, will it winter-kill? Would it
be any damage to land?

2. What is the best way to get bees out of the supers when re-
moving honey? I removed the cover and then tried to smoke them
down. I smoked and smoked, but there were still several hundred
in the supers when I took them off. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. It grows in Wisconsin and Canada, and most likely
it would in northern Iowa. There is no need to fear that it will dam-
age the land. For further information see American Bee Journal for
1904, pages 740, 813, 846, and especially the article by C. P. Dadant,
page 7SI0.

2. There are different ways of getting them out. There are times
when honey is yielding so abundantly that you can set a super on end
on top of the hive and let it stand there till all the bees have run down
into the hive; but you must watch closely for the first sign of robbinir

or you'll have a picnic. If you have only a single super, put it in a
tub, cover over with a sheet, and turn the sheet over from time to
time. Ton can use a Porter escape, thus allowing the bees to go down
of their own accord. The bees may be partly smoked down, the supers
taken off and piled up 5, 10, or more high, and a Miller tent-escape
put on top, allowing the bees to go out at their leisure. You will find
particulars in the book, " Forty Years Among the Bees ". Do not
think of trying to smoke all of the bees out of a super while leaving it
on the hive. If you must rush them out with smoke, smoke lively for
a minute or two, take off the super, close up and set the super on end
on top of the hive, then smoke and brush till the bees are all out.

Transferring Queen-Cells.

I understand that after a colony of bees is made queenless they
will build several queen-cells on one frame. Now I desire to cut these
queen-cells out and insert them on another frame of brood that is to
be given to a nucleus. Can this be done? It so, will the nucleus
after 48 hours accept these queen-cells? Michigan.

Answer. — Instead of building cells only on "one frame", under
ordinary circumstances the cells will be on several frames. Yet, if
you so desire, you can have them built mostly on one frame. Take a
frame containing comb that has been just built, the outer edges con-
taining nothing beyond larvie just hatched, and you are pretty cer-
tain to find nearly all the qaeen-cells on that frame provided the other
combs in the hive are old. About eight or ten days after such a comb
has been given to a queenless colony the cells will be ready to cut out,
and will be accepted readily by a nucleus that has been queenless as
much as 48 hours, or even the half of that time. Fasten the cell on a
central part of the comb, where you are sure it will be kept warm by
the bees. A good way to fasten it on the comb is to take a hive
staple, letting one leg of the staple straddle the cell, the other leg
being firmly pushed into the comb. If you haven't a staple, two wire
nails will do, each an inch and a fourth to an inch and three-fourths
long, each nail thrust in slanting so as to hold the cell between them.

Red Clover Bees-

Swarming and Superseding Queens-
Making Hives.

1. In a locality where there is an abundance of red clover, would
it pay to keep only the red clover bees?

2. How can I get the most increase from one colony of bees ?

3. Will bees at any time while rearing brood, it a queen is re-
moved,'begin at once to replace her?

4. Will it pay to hive new swarms on full foundation in the
frames, that is, foundation as large as the frames the bees are to
occupy?

5. How soon after a swarm issues can I put it back where it came
from?

6. As I expect to make my own hives, how would it be if I make
them out of 1-inch pine or basswood, then inside of the main body
leave an inch space all around the hive Inside, land pack this space with
sawdust; then, for winter, make a frame out of about 2-inch material
and put this on the frames above the bees, and fill this 3-inch place
with sawdust? Would this make a good hive to winter bees in out-of-
doors where the thermometer gets to be 13 to 18 degrees below zero ?

Ohio.
Answers. — 1. Yes, it would be better to have in such a locality
bees that will work on red clover than those that will not, for they
can do just as good work on other plants as other bees. The right
way is to breed from the stock that gives you best returns, red clover
or no red clover.

2. That's too long a story to tell here. There is no way that will
suit every bee-keeper in every locality. Study up general principles;
become thoroughly familiar with what is in the bee books and papers,
and you can then tell better than any one else just what will be best for
you. For some, natural swarming is best ; for some, shaken swarms,
increase by nuclei or some other way. You will find several pages
devoted to artificial increase in the book, " Forty Years Among the
Bees ", perhaps more than in any other one book.

3. Yes, although there might be an abnormal case where the bees
were slow to recognize their condition.

4. I feel so sure that it pays me that I never have a frame that
isn't filled entirely full of foundation.

5. You can put it back whenever you like. If your object is to
prevent further swarming, it may be well to wait 34 hours. In gen-
eral, however, it is better to use plans that do not require the return-
ing of swarms.

6. It may work very well, but it would be well to try a few at
first to find out before making a large number. You may also find
that it will cost more than to buy the stuff ready to nail together.

A Queen-Bee Free as a Ppemium.— We are now
booking' orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered
in May or June. This is the premium oflfer : To a sub-
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will g'ive an un-
tested Italian queen for sending- us one new subscription with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to
get new subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many you want
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
ofiBce of the American Bee Journal.

Jan. 26, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

57

=\

Contention
Proccebincjs

J

THE ST. LOUIS CONVENTION.

Report of the 35th Annual Convention, of the

National Bee-Keepers' Association Held at

St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 27-30, 1904.

(Continaed from page 42.J

WORK IN APICULTURE AT THE UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

It was in 1SS5 that Dr. Riley secured the establish-
ment of an apicultural station at Aurora, 111,, which was in
charge of Mr. N. W. McLain. Experiments were con-
ducted during that year and the two following years, under
the direction of the Entomologist. There was good work
done during this period notwithstanding the severe criti-
cism of certain jealous writers, and I am disposed to agree
in the main with Dr. Riley's statement that "there is prob-
ably not one of Mr. McLain's critics who would have done
more of real benefit to apiculture during the same period
and under the same circumstances." I have but to mention
among the recorded experiments those conducted by Mr.
.McLain to determine whether bees could injure sound fruit
or not. The results have been very widely quoted and
pointed to as authoritative, and the report has done a
great deal to prevent misapprehension between fruit-grow-
ers and bee-keepers.

For several years following this the Entomologist felt
unable to continue the work, but in 1891 a series of experi-
ments were conducted at the Michigan State Experiment
Station by Prof. A. J. Cook, assisted by Mr. J. H. Lar-
rabee, under the general direction of the Entomologist.
The arrangement, however, did not prove extremely satis-
factory, nor did the work done meet, by reason of origin-
ality or decisive results, the special approval of the Ento-
mologist. It was shortly thereafter discontinued when the
commissions expired.

Meanwhile it had been Dr. Riley's desire to undertake
the securing of the giant bees of India, and he had ad-
dressed a letter to me while I was abroad offering me a
commission to proceed to India and secure these bees. At
that time, however, I had started on my way back to my
native land, after an absence of 11 years, and his first com-
munication finally reached me while in New York, having
followed me up from my last address in Austria. Owing
to technicalities, however, Dr. Riley was unable to secure
the authorization to send me on this mission, with which
it was his intention to couple certain other work, such as
the securing of the caprifig insect (Blastophaga psenes)
which was so much needed for the pollenization of the
Smyrna figs in California.

Having become intimately acquainted with Dr. Riley's
views on all of the subjects, I can positively assert that he
was perfectly willing to undertake continuous and pro-
gressive experimental work in favor of the apiarian inter-
ests of the country, had the funds of the division of Ento-
mology permitted this. But having been blocked in the
first work which he designed me to undertake, he lost
much of his interest in taking hold of the problem which
presented itself, of establishing on a permanent footing a
section for apicultural experimentation, especially as my
services could be utilized for the time being in the general
work of the Division of Entomology, while at the same
time such correspondence as came to the department rela-
tive to apiculture was turned over to me for attention.

The changes which followed rapidly after this, re-
sulting in the placing of Dr. Riley's first assistant in the
position of Entomologist, and the sudden and untimely
death of Dr. Riley himself, somewhat changed the status
of matters, and it has only been rather gradually that the
importance of practical experimental work, and the need
of scientific and systematic investigations in apiculture
have been sufficiently impressed upon the authorities to
result in a more liberal policy toward this industry. Mean-

while, however, records of interest have been accumulat-
ing, thousands of letters of inquiry relative to apiculture
and apiarian interests in the country have been answered,
and many thousand bulletins treating of apiarian manage-
ment have been sent to all parts of the country, and even
many to foreign countries, in response to requests which
come daily for information. It might be said that the
department has practically, for a number of years, con-
ducted a correspondence school in apiculture, since every
inquiry, of whatever nature, received careful attention, and,
if it required, a specific answer giving the best information
at hand on whatever topic the inquiry covered. Moreover,
large numbers of teachers in the normal college of the
District of Columbia, and the public schools of the city of
Washington, as well as teachers of nature study in other
cities, have been furnished with information and specimens
of bees for use in their class work, and numerous demon-
strations have been made for the benefits of these teach-
ers, as well as frequently for large classes under them, in-
cluding the class in the normal school who would shortly
become teachers in charge of public schools.

Realizing that it is the constant dropping which wears
away the stone, I have, during the 13 years I have been
connected with the United States Department of Agri-
culture never permitted to pass unutilized an opportunity
to create in the mind of those in authority there a favor-
able impression concerning the dignity of apiculture as a
pursuit, and the needs of the industry in connection with
scientific experimentation. With this I have, however,
studiously avoided being obtrusive, preferring rather to
use patience and perseverance and bide the opportune mo-
ment for presenting the claims of our pursuit. All along
I have noted a growing interest in the subject at the de-
partment, a feeling, in fact, to use the words of many of
the scientific gentlemen connected with the experimental
work there, that "there is far more in this business of bee
culture than we had formerly supposed." They have also
remarked that it needed extended scientific investigation as
to the zoological, botanical and chemical sides of the sub-
ject, as well as from the practical bee-keeper's standpoint.
At last I have the intense satisfaction of seeing this matter
duly appreciated, and the proper steps taken to insure the
investigations which we all so much desire.

During the years when no special fund could be de-
voted to apiculture I still continued to do, largely on my
own time and at my own expense, some experimental
work, particularly with honey-producing plants, which I
tested quite extensively during a series of years, with vari-
ous foreign races of bees, and in regard to methods in
queen-rearing and methods in the successful wintering of
bees in the open air. My own apiaries were largely de-
voted to these experiments, without regard to the evident
decrease in the honey-yield which must necessarily result.
Queens of various foreign races were reared, and certain
crosses produced between these races, and sent to
certain state experiment stations and to certain
portions of the country, where it seemed desirable to test
the particular strain in question. Numerous notes and ob-
servations for further use in the work when it should be
firmly established, were collected from time to time, and
plans for experiments and for observations and study of
apicultural conditions in all parts of the country were
made. During this period the title borne by myself was
that of Investigator in the division of Entomolo'^v, and
later Assistant Entomologist. Finally, in 1901 these ef-
forts resulted in the setting apart of a special appropria-
tion for apiculture of $2,000, the first and only special ap-
propriation which has been made for this branch. My own
title was changed to that of Apicultural Investigator, and
my salary, with that of a temporary assistant for a few
weeks in the summer, were charged to this fund, which
left really but a few hundred dollars for investigations.
This small sum was utilized to continue the work already
started and to make way for a more permanent organiza-
tion. Since, however, it was not sufficient for the estab-
lishment of a well-equipped apiary, my own personal
apiaries were still placed at the service of the Department.
Unfortunately, the disposition on the part of legislators
seemed to be to make appropriations in the form of a
lump sum, rather than specific, so that instead of reaf-
firming this specific sum. it was absorbed into the general
fund of the Division of Entomology in subsequent enact-
ments. The result of this seemed to make it difficult, as
there was no mandatory clause -egarding the amount to
be devoted to apiculture, to secure any definite setting

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jaii. 26, i9i 5.

apart for this work, although the theory of a separate
section in the Division of Entomology devoted to apicul-
ture, was recognized, and certain light expenses, together
with stenographic services, allowed.

This brings us to the opening of the present fiscal year,
July 1, 1904. I have quoted from Dr. Riley's article his
allusion to the fact that the work which he began so
many years before had to be interrupted, and I have also
mentioned to what he attributed this, to some extent,
namely: "to the lack of effort on the part of bee-keepers
themselves, i. e., to their failure to take united action
such as would bring home to the head of the Department,
and to those in charge of the general appropriations, the
needs and just demands of the industry." In this connec-
tion I should like to call your attention to the fact that
I had strongly recommended to the National Association
which met in Albany the year before, i. e., in 1891, some
action looking to the development of a separate section
or division devoted to apiculture here at the Department,
and that a committee was appointed at the Albany con-
vention which made the following recommendations:

1st, That the Section of Apiculture in the Division
of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, be raised (i;
an independent Division.

2d. That in connection therewith there be an ex-
perimental apiary established at Washington, having all
the appointments necessary to a first-class Apicultural
Experiment Station.

3d. That the apropriation for this Division be sufli-
ciently large so that the work may not be embarrassed
for the lack of funds.

Had these recommendations been followed up by the
proper influence they might long ago, I believe, have
been carried out, but the matter rested' in this shape for a
long time. However, I should not leave the subject with-
out mentioning the substantial encouragement which has
been given to the latest effort for development of apicul-
tural work at the Department, and in the first rank I
must allude to the efficient aid and influence given by the
active chairman of the Board of Directors of the Nation-
al Bee-Keepers' Association, Mr. W. F. Marks, of New
York; and the able editor of Gleanings in Bee Culture,
himself one of the board of directors as well, Mr. E. R.
Root, of Ohio; to the worthy President of the National
Association, Mr, J. U. Harris, of Colorado; to W. Z.
Hutchinson, editor of the Review, and himself a member
of the board of directors; to Dr. C. C. Miller, of Illinois,
another of the directors, as well as numerous friends
who have taken occasion to voice their sentiments with
their representatives in Congress to the end that they
should support such measures as have been so long rec-
ommended and so earnestly striven for during this long
period of more than a decade. It is in the end a substan-
tial victory to the apicultural interests of the country,
which is not passing but permanent, and whose results
I hope will continue and grow long after all who listen
to my voice shall have passed away.

Thus, at the date mentioned — July 1, 1904 — after long
effort and repeated representations to authorities at the
Department and legislators themselves of the needs of
such general work in entomology, and particularly in the
various economic lines grouped under the general sub-
ject of entomological investigations, the Division of En-
tomology was raised to the rank of a bureau, with what
is practically a Division of Apiculture. And while the
appropriation is still in the form of a lump sum, there is
set apart a definite sum for apiculture, which leaves,
after the payment of salaries, some $5,000 for experimental
work. I have been allowed two assistants, each bearing
.the title. Special Agent in Apiculture, and one whose title
is that of Apicultural Clerk, and in addition to this, sten-
ographic service.

As my first assistant I have been able to secure Mr.
John M. Rankin, of Michigan, a student and experimenter
in apiculture, with whom many of the members of the
National Association are well acquainted, and whose
name is familiar to many others in connection with his
former work as State Inspector of Apiaries in Michigan,
and before that was in charge of the experimental work
at the Michigan State Agricultural College. He is a
graduate of the institution just named, and a young man
of excellent habits from whom we may expect valuable
aid in the general work in apiculture at the Department.

As the second assistant, Mr. Leslie Martin, of Ten-
nessee, an enthusiastic student of apiculture, has been en-

gaged. He is still young but has had several years' ex-
perience in practical work with bees, and has already
shown perseverance and intelligent attention to the sub-
ject.

A civil service examination has been held for the
position of apicultural clerk, and we may hope an intelli-
gent assistant will soon be appointed to fill this position-.

The Department has granted the establishing of a
model apiary of 50 colonies, and tnrough competitive bids
the contract has been awarded to a bee-keeper in the
State of Maryland. The bees have been delivered and
will shortly be located in their permanent place at the
Arlington Experimental Farm, connected with the De-
partment of Agriculture. This farm is located on the Vir-
ginia side of the Potomac River, directly 'across from the
Department grounds. I believe that the location will be
fairly isolated, and thus that any particular race we
choose to establish there may be bred, with excellent op-
portunity for preserving its purity. At the outset the new
race imported from the Caucasus of Russia will be estab-
lished in these colonies for a thorough test, and for the
purpose of crossing with other types.

THE WORK TO BE tJNDERTAKEN.

I shall pass very briefly over this, since my historical
review of the development of this as a branch of the work
at the United States Department of Agriculture has been
rather more extended than I had planned; and further-
more, I prefer that the work we shall undertake, when
completed, shall speak for itself, rather than that I should
make at the present time many words over mere plans.

The fitting up of a model apiary at the Arlington Ex-
periment Farm, which is imder the control of the De-
partment, the building of a bee-house, laboratory, and
workshop combined, and getting together of all the neces-
sary implements, hives, queen-rearing outfit, tools, chem-
icals, etc., for the conduct of experimental work, will
necessarily consume a little time. The bees have been
purchased in the open market, after bids had been adver-
tised for and received. They have been delivered in good
shape, and are now pfospering on the wild aster which
blooms so abundantly in the latitude of Washington in
September and October. This part of our work is,
therefore, well under way. We have already taken steps
toward the procuring of seeds and roots of certain import-
ant foreign honey-producing plants, and have secured the
cooperation of the Bureau of Plant Industry at the De-
partment, which is in charge of the introduction of new
and valuable forage, seed and fruit crops, as well as the
congressional seed distribution, which latter is largely Con-
fined to the distribution of vegetable, flower and forage-
crop seeds, most of which are already known in this coun-
try. The Bureau of Plant Industry wilt undertake to secure
at the suggestion of the Agricultural Investigator, seeds
of such important forage and garden crops as have not yet
been brought to this country, and which are valuable as
honey-producers. We are, therefore, ready to file appli-
cations for small quantities of seeds which we shall en-
deavor to send out with discrimination so as to gain the
best results possible with seeds adapted to the region of
the applicant. In the aggregate there will be considerable
quantities of these seeds, yet anticipating that the demand
will also be lively, it is expected that only a small quan-
tity for testing can be sent to individual applicants.

It will be the policy of the Department, in its agricul-
tural work, to cooperate with all State bee-inspectors,
whenever any cooperative work is desirable, provided, of
course, the sum at the command of the Department for
this purpose admits of this. During the first year not a
large amount can be turned in this direction, however:
but it is to be hoped that in sucessive years the original
purchasing and fitting up of a department apiary having-
been accomplished, there will be more opportunity to-
undertake a niore thorough investigation of all known con-
tagious bee-diseases.

Naturally, many interested in seeing the giant bees of
India and the Philiooines (Megapis, dorsata and zonata)
tested in their native countries, and perhaps in this coun-
try also, will inquire what we shall do about this. Some-
other, more wise in his own view, and desirin'^ to point
his finger and poke fun at ye apicultural investigator, will'
at once reply: "Oh, that is one of his particular hobbies:
assuredly he will let everything else go by and fly off in-
a tangent on this wild bee (goose) chase." But hold,
good friend, not so fast. We are- trying to keep a weather

Jan. 26, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

59

eye peeled and peer in all directions in order not to allow
anything of importance to escape our notice, and in order
to be able to estimate at its true worth any possible line
of investigation. This being our atttitude, all may rest
assured that we shall not let any investigation of the
great bees occupy either the whole time nor the whole sum
which may be devoted to experimental apicultural work. The
matter, is, however, a larger one than the mere getting and
testing of these bees for their value as direct honey-
producers in the United States. It is in itself sufficiently
valuable, from a scientific standpoint, to warrant its
beinc undertaken, for this reason alone, at an opportune
time. The comparison of the breeding habits, qualities,
structure and general life history of these great bees, will
afford much that is instructive, and settle long disputed
points that all will be glad to have at rest once for all.

There is a further reason for undertaking to find out
what we can concerning the bees of the Philippines,
namely the opportunity which would at the same time be
afforded for studying the possibilities in practical api-
cultural work in those rich islands which extend over a
thousand miles from north to south, or from Boston,
Mass., to Savannah, Ga., on our eastern coast; or from St'.
Paul to New Orleans, in the Mississippi Valley; or again,
from northern Oregon to southern California, in the
west, and with all variations of mountain, lake and val-
ley, sea exposure, swamp and jungle. Here is a vast field
in which at least it is our duty to study the possibilities,
and point out, if possible, the way to success. No step
will be taken without careful consideration, but action
once decided upon will be pushed with all possible speed
and energj'. But what will we do? Wait and see, and
meanwhile give us your advice.

Numbers of queens of valuable races, and select strains
of certain races, are being imported and tested. These in-
clude the extremely gentle Caucasian bees from the shores
of the Black and Caspian Seas in Russia. Cyprians from the
Island of Cyprus, which have proven their prepotent value as
crossing material ; Dalmatians from the Province of Dalma-
tia, Austria ; Italians from the foot-hills of the Alps, in the
extreme nothern part of the Kingdom of Italy, where the most
industrious type of this race is to be found ; and lastly Car-
niolans, from the most elevated districts of the Province
of Carniola, in Austria, a type which, by reason of its gen-
tleness, excellent wintering qualities, hardiness, and prolific-
ness, has shown itself of great value in this country, especially
in comb-honey production. Daughters of these races, and
various crosses between them, will be bred for testing,
both here and at numerous stations. We are particularly
desirous of securing unbiased tests on a sufficiently large
scale to enable us to decide the exact value of each of these
for any and all parts of this country.

If it is possible it is proposed to test, more fully than has
heretofore been done in this country, the employment of ar-
tificial heat in the wintering, and more particularly in the
rapid breeding up of bees in early spring. It is certain that
artificial heat may be successfully employed to produce such
results. The question then arises whether it is at a profit or
not, in view of the expenditure of means and time required.

It is likewise believed that there is great room for im-
provement in the hives and accessories concerned in migra-
tory or pastoral bee-keeping, at least as this system has thus
far been practical in this country.

Whenever the experiments and field-work here indicated
do not fully occupy the time of the experimenters and office
force, there is an indefinite amount of additional work which
may be followed up, such as, for example, collecting data re-
garding the apicultural industry in the United States, first as
to the principal honey-producing plants of the various re-
gions; second, as to losses of bees by diseases in wintering;
third, as to the races of bees now kept, and their relative pro-
portions ; fourth, as to the proportion of frame to box hives
now in use ; and fifth, as to honey production.

On the basis of the data obtained under the first head,
that is, regarding honey-producing plants of the country, it
is proposed to map on outline maps of the United States
the areas of the principal honey-producing plants, and to
determine where and what new plants can be disseminated
for the purpose of increasing the pasturage of any given
section.

There are still some points in the life-histories of insect
enemies of honey-bees that should receive attention and clear
elucidation.

A card index of apiarian literature is much needed in the

office-work to furnish ready reference to everything that
has been written on a given topic.

Then, naturally, whatever results may be attained, or
whatever inforination it is desired to make public, will
have to be put in the form of bulletins, which will require
care and time for their preparation.

In all of this work, whether experimental or office-work,
the Apicultural Investigator earnestly hopes for the hearty
cooperation of the bee-keepers of the country, and is desirous
of receiving from any who have in mind a subject of gener-
al interest whatever suggestions such persons may feel dis-
posed to give, and all may rest assured that the most careful
consideration will be given to any and all propositions of
this nature which may be presented. In this connection the
remark of the esteemed Dr. Riley must not be forgotten, but
should be held as a prophetic warning, namely: "that the
reason that nothing more resulted from the work begun
under his auspices in 1885 should, to some extent, be laid to
the lack of effort on the part of the bee-keepers themselves,
that is, to their failure to be unanimous and hearty in their
support of the work."

A few words in closing in regard to the present Chief
of the Bureau of Entomology, Dr. L. O. Howard. All of
those who have the honor of being acquainted with this
gentleman will join me, I am sure, in testifying to his high
standing as a scientific investigator, as well as to the genial
whole-souled nature of his personality. To those who have
not met him I would say, that no man is more widely known
among the galaxy of distinguished scientists whose homes
are in the Capitol city, and in his line of work no man is
more highly esteemed. His work in scientific and economic
entomology, and his writings in this line have made him
known in every country of the world where there is even
the slightest appreciation of the labors of the scientific in-
vestigator of insect life. He is not a bee-keeper, but he has
come in the course of the years during which we have been
associated, to know something of the status of this industry
and its needs, and I can assure the members of this organi-
zation, and through them the bee-keepers of the country,
that he is in hearty sympathy, as was his predecessor, with
progressive work in the line of investigation and development
of the industry in every part of our country. With greater
opportunities in the way of funds than were accorded to
Dr Riley, he is able to authorize more work, and it is due
largely to his liberal spirit and his ready acceptance of my
own recommendations in every particular, that the industry-
is now upon so substantial a footing at the Department, and!
that the outlook for continuous practical and scientific inves-
tigation in apiculture is now so excellent.

Frank Benton.
SIXTH SESSION.

At 7 o'clock p. m., the President called the convention
to order, and also called for discussion on Prof. Benton's
paper.

Mr. Hershiser moved, seconded by Mr. Dadant, that the
matter of taking such measures and steps as shall continue
the governmental apiary in investigations in the interest of
apiculture in the United States be referred to the committee
on Legislation. [Carried.]

Pres. Harris— We should not give a paper of this sort
mere passmg notice, for the reason that Prof. Benton himself
has done everything that the bee-keepers could ask of him in
his official position. There are many things in that paper
that are grand and good, and in the best interests of the bee-
keepers of America. For instance, the matter of getting
honey-plants and scattering the seed throughout the several
States that it may be beneficial to all of us who may be bee-
keepers; another matter, that of establishing apiaries where
they may experiment in the line of getting queens of the best
sort, probably getting longer-lived queens, if possible. As we
go along w^e get improvements in every line in life, as you see
here at our door, and each and everyone of you should lend
your encouragement and your help to the one who is foremost
in this work. I know it was only last winter, and the winter
before, through his efforts he has got appropriations. Now
that he is going to assist not only the United States but other
countries m the development of the bee-industry, we should
not pass lightly over these matters but look at them from a
careful business standpoint, and then after we see
we are right go to our representatives in Con-
cjress and in the Senate, because you all have in-
fluence—the most humble citizen in life has his
mfluence— and by putting forth that influence in a few years
we will get into a different channel from what we are at pres-
ent, and you will all be proud of the fact that you are mem-

60

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905.

bers of this Association. We will not have to solicit mem-
bers ; they will come and solicit us to join. Up to this time
you have had one of the most successful conventions in
the history of the Association, and let it go to the world
that such papers as have been presented here are doing a
world of good for us ; it is building up our industry ; and
3et us each and eveyone try to help one another, and when
we have done this we have done a good thing for the cause.

Mr. Abbott — I ventured to suggest a little change in a
paper yesterday, and I will venture to suggest a little change
in another one. When a paper is written in an official capac-
ity it ought to rise above everything of a personal character.
It ought to overlook any personal preference that one might
ihave. Now, I don't want to be misunderstood. There is
only one weekly bee-journal published in the United States,
and 1 don't own any of it or have any interest in it, but it
does as much to aid in building up bee-keeping as any other
vone institution on the top of God's earth. It has done it un-
der the present management, and I believe it has done it
under every management. Mr. Benton in his public paper
■does not recognize the existence of the American Bee Jour-
nal, and I object to that part of the paper, and think that he
ought not to make reference to other papers as to the great
work they have done, and absolutely ignore the grand old
American Bee Journal.

Mr. Root^There is one matter spoken of in that paper,
and that was with reference to getting senators and repre-
sentatives to take hold of any matter connected with the
Government. When you desire to get an appropriation one
man cannot do it, one bee-journal editor, nor two can do it,
there has got to be pressure brought to bear from a good
many sources and a good many bee-keepers. I remember when
this last appropriation was up for consideration I was asked
to write to our Senator at the time, and I did, but that didn't
go very far. At that time I didn't have the means at my com-
mand to bring it to the notice of the bee-keepers in time to do
any good, and the result was that our Ohio senators did noth-
ing to help in this matter, but I have learned since attending
this meeting that pressure was brought to bear on some of
the senators who did have influence, and some work was done,
and it was due to that influence that that appropriation was
secured in order that we might secure larger benefit for our
National work, and if we wish to enlarge the scope of our
National work we ought to take hold of this thing and pull.

Mr. Titoff — I should like to say something to you but I
cannot do it as well as I should like to because I am not so
well acquainted with your language, as I come from a foreign
country. I wish to tender to you my thanks for the attention
you gave my paper. I was greatly interested in bee-keeping
•when I was in my own country. I had been reading all the
literature I could find in Russia. I have read many articles in
iRussian which have been translated into that language from
tbe English, and I was very much interested in the reading
about bee-keeping in America. Not only we in Russia but
all people know that America is a great country. Americans
have gone into every business. I became so much interested
in bee-keeping in America that I wanted to come myself to
see the Americans. I thought about it more and more, and I
finally decided I would come to America and if possible take
iup practical work in the American apiaries and study Ameri-
can methods. When I left my home and my people I did
not know one word of the English language. My Russian
friends told me that it was very hard to learn English, but I
ithink with hard work I will be able to understand it suffi-
ciently to earn a living in America. When I came to this
country I went to the Root company. Before I came here
I was in Switzerland, and I think many of you know Mr.
Edward Bertrand. I had a letter of introduction to him from
a friend at St. Petersburg, and Mr. Bertrand is acquainted
■with Mr. Dadant, whose name is well known in Russia, and
he gave me a letter of introduction to Mr. Dadant and the
Root company. I first came to the Root company and I re-
ceived from them a very kind welcome, and they said they
•would give me work and I would improve in the English
language, for which I thanked them very much. I have the
honor to be the representative of the Russian bee-keepers in
the convention here. It will give me great pleasure to write
to the Russian journals to give them information as to the
methods of bee-keeping in America and to tell them that I
have received at the hands of the American bee-keepers very
great kindness. In my paper which was read at this conven-
tion I thought it would be interesting to American bee-keep-
•ers to know about the industry in Russia. The paper is not
as good as I could wish but I hope you will excuse me for

taking up so much of your time in the reading of it. I thank
you very much for your attention.

At this stage Mr. S. Francis of Colorado favored the
convention with an instrumental solo.

Mr. Hutchinson — As chairman of the committee on
resolutions I beg to report that we have commenced to
make poets in our ranks ,and it seems that one has crop-
ped up down in Alabama •who has gotten out a little
volume as a souvenir edition and has made a nice greet-
ing for the Association in the forepart, and he asks the
privilege of presenting each one of the members with a
copy, and your committee would recommend they be ac-
cepted with the heartiest of thanks .

Mr. Hutchinson — We have a resolution made by Mr.
Dadant that this convention assert that no artificial comb-
honey has ever been or can be produced; that the only suc-
cessful adulteration ever made has been of liquid honey
out of the comb. The committee believes enough com-
mittees have been appointed upon this subject, and that
enough has been said to cover this ground, and we would
recommend that it be not accepted. We have also a reso-
lution here from Dr. Bohrer, upon the appointment of two
persons from each State and the Dominion of Canada
who shall organize themselves into a legislative commit-
tee. This resolution has already appeared in a previous
part of the minutes and your committee recommend the
adoption of the resolution. [Carried.]

CAUCASIAN BEES.

"Has any member had any experience with pure Cau-
casian bees? If so, what are their qualities?"

Prof. Benton — Something more than twenty years
ago my attention was called to those bees in Germany;
they had been imported there from the Caucasus. There
were such varying reports concerning them that I was not
very much inclined to test them at that time, especially as
I had my hands full with other races of bees, and further-
more those I saw were not very uniform in their markings.
The Germans said of them, I think nearly all, that the
bees were extremely doubtful; some said they were quite
worthless as honey-gatherers, others told about their great
disposition to swarm, and so on, and all that disinclined
me to take them up. About two years ago I was out at
the apiary of Rauchfuss Brothers, near Denver, and they
spoke very highly of these bees. They had received some
that came directlv from the Caucasus. I was led to
undertake to get some bees and have been testing them.
I find them good honey-gatherers; they are as I noticed in
Germany, rather varying in their markings; they look
something like Carniolans that have been dipped in water
and then dried, "•iving them a leaden tineed appearance,
yet they are easily distinguished, their bodies are smaller
than those of the Cyprian and so tractable that anything
one desires to do with bees can be done with them with-
out smoke, without any bee-veil, at any time, early or late,
whether getting honey or not; they can be brushed from
the combs with the bare hand and you can hammer on the
entrance and brush the bees from the entrance and do any-
thin'^' with them, no matter if the propolis snaps, no matter
if the time of day is undesirable and you have no bees
flying after you in the apiary or about your face; they
fly through the air in large circles and return; they do not
sting. They can be made to sting by pinching. If you
bother them in the fall when wet or cold they might oc-
casionally sting you. I have never had any occasion to
use any smoke on them at all. Exactly how they are going
to compare with other bees as regards their productive-
ness I am not quite able to say. I should like to hear Mr.
Titoff tell us as to them. Some people here find they are
great swarmers, perhaps, but that results from being so
prolific; they must be kept in larges hives that will give
them room to expand and build up.

Mr. Titoff — What Mr. Benton says about those bees
is true. I have had my own experience, and I find that
the Caucasian bees are better than our common Russian
bees. They work early in the morning and late at night;
they are very gentle and not cross at all. You can go
among them without either veil or smoke. They have
only one fault and that is swarming. It is very hard to
keep them from that. They make plenty of queen-cells.
If you take away the queen-cells todaj', tomorrow they
will make twenty or thirty more. Some people say the
Caucasian bees produce honey that is different from that
of the common bees.

Mr. Kretchmer — While traveling through Germany

Jan. 26. 19C5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

61

last year I encountered two apiarists who had Caticasiaii
bees. They were represented to me as stingless bees;
they were in Berlepscli hives; they stung me twice! They
were swarming entirely too much, they informed me,
which was perhaps due to the smallness of the Berlepsch
hives. They had not proven to be profitable. They said
they were not gathering as much honey as the Carniolans.
The Carniolan predominates in the greater part of Ger-
many, although some very nice Italian bees can be found.
The parties who owned these bees did not seem to be
very favorably impressed with them. One said he would
net continue them another year unless they proved bet-
ter than he anticipated.

Mr. Titoff — They will rob worse than other bees.

Prof. Benton — That has not. been my experience. I
have not had a large number of the pure cult but I liave
not seen that those pure bees were endeavoring to rob,
and I had them among other colonies and I would have
noted it at once. I have quite a number of Caucasian
queens bred to Carniolan and Cyprian drones, and I
formed a very favorable opinion of those crosses, and I
am disposed to think that Caucasian males will be most
excellent as crossing material with the Cyprian bees to
modify the temper of the Cyprian and still retain the ex-
cellent working qualities. One reason is that the type
is much nearer that of the Cyprian, therefore, I think they
will coalesce more readily. I do not believe such a race
of bees would serve my purpose, but I do believe in this
country, where so many bees are kept in the cities and
public highways that such a valuable and fairly productive
race would have its place and would make bee-keeping
popular, and many of the difficulties in connection with
people coming to this Association and complaining that
their neighbors are interfering with their keeping bees
would be done away with in a great measure.

Mr. IMiller — Prof. Benton, you know that the cross
of the Italian with the common black bee results in mak-
ing the progeny crosser than either one. In case of
crosses with these Caucasian bees, are the crosses in all
eases gentler than the blacks or Italians?

Prof. Benton — Yes. I have been crossing Cyprians
and Carniolans for the past nineteen years, various crosses
starting sometimes with the Cyprian and breeding to the
Carniolan drone, and sometimes with the Carniolan and
breeding to the Cyprian drone or the Syrians, and I have
crossed them back again and it is invariably my experi-
ence that the male had the main influence in both the
temper and constitution of the worker progeny. I have
taken a pure Cyprian and mated it with the Carniolan and
I have bees that are much gentler than the Cyprian. The
fact that the Caucasians are gentler and are a fine type
to coalesce inclines me to believe if we used the Caucasian
males we would have better crossing material to use upon
the Cyprian than if we used the Carniolan.

Mr. Muth — I would like to know whether the Cau-
casian bees swarm more than the Carniolan.

Prof. Benton — I can't say. I hardly believe they
would under the same circumstances.

Mr. Hyde — I would like to know how they cap honey,
and if they are good comb-builders?

Prof. Benton — They are good comb-builders and cap
their honey fairly white. People have told me that they
were good workers, good gatherers and storers of white
honey, but would not work on buckwheat. I cannot be-
lieve that if they would work well in the early spring
that they would not be in condition to store buckwheat-
honey.

Mr. Titoflf — I know nothing about crossing bees with
the Carniolan or Cyprian, but some of the Russian bee-
keepers have crossed Caucasian bees with Russian black
bees and they have found that the progeny is more like
the pure black or pure Caucasian bees. I cannot answer
Mr. Muth's question because I have not had the experi-
ence. I think those who have had experience say that the
Caucasian bees are greater swarmers than others.

Mr. Kretchmer — Permit me to. ask Prof. Benton with
regard to the crossinc. Isn't it a fact that an Italian
queen or a Carniolan queen crossed with a Cyprian drone
produces crosser bees than if the reverse were the
fact?

Prof. Benton — Certainly. In my experience the Cy-
prians are the greatest gatherers of honey of any race
that I know of, but there are some exceptions to that. If
the Cyprian is mated with the Carniolan drone they are
more likely still to get more honey than if purely nir •■■d.

for the simple reason that the constitution is made hardy
and the bees do not dwindle in the spring; they have the
tongue-length and energy of the Cyprians with the hardy
constitution of the Carniolans.

Mr. Whitcomb — For the last twenty years I have been
superintendent of the honey show at the Nebraska State
Fair, and every single first premium that has been awarded
on comb-honey has been on honey put up by hybrid
bees.

Prof. Benton — It has been my idea that we should
place these Caucasian queens at the State Experimental
Station and a few of them in the hands of skillful breeders
in different parts of the country where they might be mul-
tiplied and put upon the market. In answer to one of
the members, I would say, pick out the gentle bees for
honey.

QUEEN EXCLUDERS, EXTRACTED HONEY AND SWARMING.

"On 10-frame Langstroth hives shall I use an excluder,
not being on the ground in swarming time, for extracted
honey?"

Mr. Hyde — I would answer no.

Mr. Andrews — We found in several hundred colonies
we put on excluders and it increased the swarming from
50 to 75 percent for extracted honey.

Mr. Holecamp — Did you .give plenty of ventilation
under the hive?

Mr. Andrews — No.

SWARMING AND BEE-TREES.

"How can you hold a swarm of bees when you select
the bee-tree?"

Mr. Dadant — I believe I understand what the gentle-
man means by the question. He thinks after a swarm
has selected a tree that you will not be able to hive it be-
cause it will go to that tree. I know that a swarm can
select a bee-tree and still be hived and abandon the idea
of that bee-tree. We had near our apiary a tree with
a hole in it and I saw bees at the hole cleaning it out, and
I said there was a swarm in that tree, and there was a
swarm out at the aiiary and I hived those and never
sav/ bees at the 'ree afterwards.

Mr. Andrews — Did you put brood in that hive?

Mr. Dadant — No, sir.

Mr. Hall — I have had a number of experiences the
same as that of Mr. Dadant, and I am satisfied that they
can be collected afterwards if they have a place to go.
You can change them from where they have already gone
to another place and they will, as a rule, stay where you
put them. Under some circumstances they won't at all,
but they generally will.

Mr. Reinccke — My experience has been if you put a
comb or two of unsealed brood in, it holds them very
well.

IMPROVING BEES BY SELECTION.

"Can any one race of bees be improved by so-called
judicious selection?"

Prof. Benton — Yes, every race.

Dr. Bohrer — If it has reference to the working quali-
ties I don't know whether they can or not.

Mr. Dadant — I believe we can improve their work-
ing qualities.

Prof. Benton — It does not need to be a matter of
belief; it has been done with every race.

EXTRACTING UNSEALED HONEY.

"How much more honey can be obtained by extract-
ing before the honey is sealed than if the honey is left in
the hives as it ought to be?"

Mr. France — I wish to issue a protest against this
idea of extracting unripe honey.

Mr. Putnam— How did Mr. France get his honey
sealed this year?

Mr. France — I got it ripened, though it took from the
time they gathered it till today, and it is in the hives yet.
and it is capped over and the hives are standing three
stories high, and they will stay there till spring, and it
will be good honey, too.

BOTTOM STARTERS IN SECTIONS.

"How do you put the bottom starter in sections?"
Mr. Abbott— The way you put the top one in.
Dr. Miller— Put it in the s ime way you put in the top
one; put in the bottom one lirst.

a

62

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 190S.

Mr. Hall — I am quite satisfied that I have a better
way than Dr. Miller has. I have a Lewis foundation fast-
ener. I don't see why any other machine that has a hot
plate could not be adjusted to work the same as the Lewis
machine. The Lewis machine is reversible. You can ad-
just it to put in the starter in three-inch sections or four-
and-a-quarter. I take that plate out of the machine to
the grinding stone and grind it till it has a sharp-cutting
edge on each side, not that the edge is intended to cut
but in order when you come to let it pass through the
foundation it will pass through as leisurely as possible.
In the next place I take the base box off which is just be-
low where the hot plate is. I let that down just enough
to make a little more room between the bottom of the sec-
tion where it is in the machine and where the hot plate
comes out. I let that down just as much as I want the
bottom starter to be in the section. Then I cut a couple
of finger-ways 'out of the head-block. Sometimes the
foundation is inclined to fall away from you when you
want to take the section from the machine, and by having
the finger-way you can put your finger around and touch
it slightly and that will hold it from tumbling away from
you. You have got the machine all ready for work. Put
the section into the machine, put in the foundation just as
if you were going to have a foundation in without any
starter at all. After it is stuck then insert the hot plate
agam, and that sharp edge will pass through the founda-
tion so easily that you will wonder how it is done. That
will leave the bottom starter standing there. All you
have to do is to pull the section off again and turn it end
for end, and put it back again and put the balance in there
for the top starter and your work is done.

Dr. Miller — I believe I was the first one that started
the bottom starter. One of the advantages of the bottom
starter is that you are sure that the bottom of the starter
will be in the middle. Another reason is that you are
sure the section will be fastened to the bottom. In many
cases if the honey is not coming in plentifully, especially
towards the close of the season, a section will have a pas-
sage-wav under it, and that bottom starter prevents every-
thing of that kind. In other words, that bottom starter
gives you a section fastened in all round. Before I used
bottom starters, very often I had the starter swing clear
off and fasten on to the separator, and it took me three
or four years to find out why. I hadn't sense enough to
know It was that bottom starter that held it there and
didn't allow it to swing over the side.

Mr. Johnson — Do you save any foundation?
. Dr. Miller — No saving of foundation at all.
Mr. Johnson — Do "ou make the two ends meet?
Dr. Miller — No, there is a space of one-eighth to a
quarter of an inch between the two starters, and one of
the first things the bees do is to fasten them together. If
you put the foundation down near enough to the bottom
so that it is fastened to the bottom it is sure to bulge to
one side, and by cutting out enough to put two pieces in,
the bees will make it fast at the top and bottom without
any bulge or bend.

Dr. Bohrer — How wide do you make the bottom
piece?

Dr. Miller— Five-eighths of an inch.
Mr. Gill — In answering the question, "Can you save
any foundation?" I think you can by using a bottom
starter. You can secure very good combs by using a half-
inch or five eighths starter at the bottom, about an inch
above, because frequently the bees will commence on that
bottom and go up to the center. If a person wants to save
foundation he can do it by using the bottom foundation,
because the bees will fasten those places together where
they meet.

Dr. Miller — The question asked me was, do I save
any foundation? I say I don't. You can if you want to.

Prof. Benton — As a matter of fact you really lose by
the amount that it takes to fasten the bottom starter.

Mr. Gill — You can secure combs fastened well at the
bottom by putting on the starter and pulling it right
off again, leaving one-half row of foundation cells there
and invert it.

Mr. Hershiser— Dr. Miller, as I understand, says he
does not "make both ends meet." I thought he had been
a successful bee-keeper! [Laughter.]

Mr. Dadant— Mr. Coppin, of Illinois, has a way of put-
ting in a full sheet of foundation which does away with the
trouble in regard to foundation sagging or leaving a space
at the bottom. He splits the section in two in the center;

lays two sections side by side on the table or four halves,
and lays a sheet of foundation upon them and puts the
other four halves on top and fastens them together. That
gives a full sheet fastened on all four sides. I never
saw such honey as that presented by Mr. Coppin, it was
so regular.

Prof. Benton — That practice has been followed in
England for many years.

Dr. Miller — There is one objection to that, and that is
that the outside of the section shows the split, and it is not
so good looking a section.

Mr. Root — The method is English now, and very sim-
ilar to the one described, only that the section has a
groove cut almost through lengthwise and the foundation
is dropped in between the grooves and the dovetail
fastened together. We are selling annually hundreds of
thousands of them to the British trade. We don't sell any
of them in this country. I know our bee-keepers in this
country would not bother with anything of that kind.

Dr. Miller — As a matter of curiosity will you allow me
to say when Mr. Root was so small he didn't know any-
thing about sections, we had the same thing in this coun-
try. They were made with that groove in the top-bar.
That is the first kind of sections we had in this country,
and they were a big nuisance.

Mr. Root — It was a square groove and slot around the
section.

Mr. Sampson — This is my plan, if you could see it, for
cutting the foundation in the section. I fasten the points
together in the center, and I have very good results. The
sections are always well filled and I never have any
trouble.

Mr. Hall — I have tried in a small way by doing the
same thing Mr. Root speaks about. Take twenty or thirty
sections and place them together and rip them three quar-
ters of the way through the section from end to end, leav-
ing the bottom part of the section under it and putting
them together, leaving that groove, but. as he said, they
were a regular nuisance. I can put in 2,000 sections the
way I do it.

FASTENING SECTIONS IN FRAMES.

Dr. Bohrer — A great many bee-keepers ask me as to
what I regard as the best plan of fastening comb founda-
tion in shallow extracting frames. The grooves in most of
the frames sent out are very shallow; and there is a wedge
that the companies use. What is the best method of
fastening comb foundation in shallow frames?

Mr. Hall — Get a common machine oil-can, one that has
a good deal of spring in the bottom, put a short snout on
it or cut the one off that is already on it. Then have a
frame to put the extracting frame into so that there will
be a little board just to fit the inside of the frame that will
come just half way up or half the depth of the frame,
right up to the edge of the groove. You must keep that
can filled with a mixture of beeswax, and I put a slight
bit of rosin in it to make it a little harder. I put the
frame on this other frame, slip the foundation into the
little groove, take the little oil-can which is sitting on the
foundation fastener to keep it warm. You don't want it
too hot because if it is it will melt the foundation, and if
it is too cold it will freeze in the nozzle of the can. When
you get the foundation into the little groove turn the
frame up slightly so that the weight of the foundation will
fall into the groove and stay there. Take the can and
run down a little drop on the end of the foundation and
right down to the bottom. Then tip it the other way and
let it run back to cool, and then take it off, and thus con-
tinue until it is finished.

Mr. Abbott — We have wedges in all our frames and
don't need any oil-can.

Mr. Miller — May I say that it is a matter of locality.
Mr. Abbott is entirely right; in proper localities there is
nothing better than the wedge; I wouldn't want anything
better than the ordinary wedge that is sent out, but other
bee-keepers say they do not stay in.

The President appointed the following permanent
press committee: J. M. Hambaugh, of California; H. H.
Hyde, Texas; James A. Stone, Illinois; Frank Rauchfuss,
Colorado; E. S. Lovesy, Utah; Prof. H. A. Surface, Penn-
sylvania: O. L. Hershiser, New York; J. C. Stewart, Mis-
souri; Frank Benton, Washington, D. C; E. Whitcomb,
Nebraska: E. Secor, Iowa; Dr. G. Bohrer, Kansas; F. W.
Muth, Ohio, and J. J. Cosby, Indiana.

Jan. 26, 190S.

THB AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

63

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CO-OPERATION.

The President called for the report of the committee
on honey-organization. Mr. Pressler presented the re-
port as follows:

We, the committee appointed to name the first five
directors to form the National Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, beg to report as follows: Fred. E. Brown, Cali-
fornia, chairman; N. E. France, Wisconsin; J. U. Harris,
■Colorado; W. L. Coggshall, New York, and H. S. Ferry,
New York.

Signed: F. E. Brown, H. S. Ferry, E. E. Pressler,
J. Q. Smith, E. S. Lovesy, Committee.

On motion the report was adopted.

COMB OR EXTRACTED HONEY? — HOLY LAND BEES.

"Shall we produce comb or extracted honey?"
Mr. Dadant — Yes, both.

"Give your experience with Holy Land bees."
Mr. Laws — I think this race of bees has been report-
ed as being very cross. I have not found them that way.
By judicious treatment they are not so. I think I could
find a good many bee-keepers in this audience who will
say they are a very quiet race of bees, and they arc fine
honey-gatherers. They are reported as heavy swarmers.
It you give them room enough they will not. The re-
marks as to the Caucasian bees will very well apply to
the Holy Land bees with reference to swarming. I find
the objection that has been raised to the Holy Land race
•of bees has been raised also against the Cyprian bees,
and I think those persons who have raised those ob-
jections are persons who have not been acquainted with
the Holy Land bees. They are fine breeders and they
•do not breed out of season. In producing comb honey
they cap their honey a dark, watery color. They use the
least amount of wax of any bee I have seen in the manu-
facture of their comb. I can pick out a comb of honey
that has been built by the Holy Land bees, the capping
being so thin and the wax so brittle that it will leave
the honey.

Prof. Benton — I would like to ask the gentleman
what he calls Holy Land bees? Where do they come
from ?

Mr. Laws — My importation came about ten years
ago from the city of Jerusalem. Since that time there
has been another importation. Although I reared 115
■daughters from that queen I had to discard her. They
•came from a sister of Mr. Baldensperger.

Prof. Benton — In regard to the Holy Land bees, it
•may be remembered that I went to Palestine and Syria,
in the year 1880, and remained in that part of the world
for several years, and I handled a great many bees in
Palestine, and I brought those bees to Germany and also
to this country: I pointed out in my work in connection
■with those bees the fact that southward from Mount
Carmel the bees are quite different from those north;
and the term "Holy Land" was invented by Mr. D. A.
Jones because he thought it would sell the bees, and
under the term Holy Land he grouped these two types
that are very different, so different they deserve to be
called separate races. The first bees that were sold
under that name were really hybrid bees, crosses be-
tween Syrians and Palestine bees. I insisted on calling
those southward from Mount Carmel the Palestine race,
and those northward the Syrian race. Confining myself
strictly to the race of bees of Palestine I want to speak
of some of their qualities which as a race they possess.
They are good, industrious bees in a northern climate;
they breed out of season and when deprived of their
queens are very prone to have laying workers within a
very short period, oftentimes before they have time to
rear a young queen, and will get all the worker-comb
stuck up with brood which is very objectionable. They
rear a vast number of queen-cells; I don't know that that
in itself is very objectionable, but it inclines one to be-
lieve they would swarm very freely, but I think that can
be largely overcome. I have found them bad-tempered,
all in all. and I prefer to handle pure Cyprian bees to pure
Holy Land bees. I have gone on the Island of Cyiirus
without a bee-veil, or when I had to use a bee-veil, with
very little smoke, and I wouldn't attempt to handle
either Syrians or Holy Land bees in that way: I couldn't
get along with them nearly as well as Cvprians. The
bees of Palestine are more nearly like the Egyptians
than the Syrians.

"baby nuclei" in queen REARING.

"Are baby nuclei advisable for the ordinary honey-
producer? Should baby nuclei have brood given them
or not?"

Dr. Bohrer — In starting up the colony I always put
in brood and I never have very much difficulty. Give
them a well-matured queen-cell and they will probably
hatch in three or four days, and I never had them leave
the boxes, or very seldom; if they did they would gen-
erally cluster and I would put them back. I got the idea
from Mr. Langstroth in the summer of 1864. He had a
number of nuclei at that time. These queen-cells were
finished up in large colonics and then transferred to these
nuclei swarms.

Mr. Gill — Let the honey-producer buy his queens.
Prof. Benton— I would suggest the honey-producers
learn how to rear good queens and rear them well. I
believe he should avoid the small nuclei entirely. Give
them brood and make them pretty good size.

Dr. Miller— Does Mr. Gill buy his queens instead of
rearing them himself?

Mr. Gill — I buy all the queens I can't rear from nat-
ural cells. Of those that are produced under the swarm-
ing impulse, I use all I can, and if I need any queens out
of season or any other time I buy them. I produce
honey, and I always want a laying queen under every
super, and if I haven't got one I buy one.

Dr. Miller— He said that the ordinary honey-pro-
ducer should not use certain nuclei because he should buy
his queens. I want to know whether he buys more queens
than he rears himself.

Mr. Gill— That is pretty hard to tell. 1 bought more
queens this year than I made increase. I use all the best
selected stock I can from natural cells that are built
under the swarming impulse at the swarming season,
and what I can't use I throw away. At any other time
of the year if I want a good queen I get one from a nian
whom I know rears good ones. My bees are being
worked for comb honey and I have no time to rear them.
I bought last year nearly 300 queens, and this year 200.
I think a good queen will pay for itself in ten days m a
good colony of bees in producing comb honey. I don t
aim to make much increase because I am working for
comb honey, and I want big swarms, and I don't want
any queenless bees. I have orders for queens all the
time I use them that way. If you need a queen it is bet-
ter to buy than to rear; you can't get along without her.
Dr. Miller— In the first place, as to buying queens in
certain times of the year, instead of rearing them myself,
I don't believe that a queen-breeder can tell better than
Mr. Gill what kind of queen is good for the work. I be-
lieve if he will breed from his best honey-producing
queens he will get a better queen than he will get from
the average queen-breeder. ,

Mr. Gill— I don't buy from the average breeder; i
buy from the best. , • .

Mr. Reinecke — My experience has been that it does
not do a queen any good to come through the mails. I
have had queens from different breeders, and good ones,
and I have found some that were no good, and their
daughters were excellent, so it shows that it may have
hurt them.

Mr. Gill— I must get up in defense of the queen-
breeder; that he can and does send a good queen through
the mail, because mine come through the mail, and I buy
just as good ones as I rear. I am not prepared in the
spring, I am not prepared in August, I am not pre-
pared with my cells at that time, and my bees do not
furnish them; I buy them, and I just get as good queens
as I can rear. I bought 200 queens last year from a
man who took them out of his full colonies in the breed-
ing season and there were no better queens in the United
States, but they occasioned me $200 damage, and I have
only two of them left.

Mr. Root — I would like to answer part of both ques-
tions. In regard to these baby nuclei for the average
honey-producer, with the state of knowledge about baby
nuclei now I do not know that the average honey-pro-
ducer had better fool very much with them. The first and
second years we tried them we did not make them work,
but the third year we did. I think what we have done
others can do. I told Dr. Miller in answer to a question
that he must have brood to make them work, but I have
found out they work without as well as with. When we
come to know more about these little nuclei I believe Mr.

64

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 19C5.

Gill can rear queens, as a matter of economy. I don't say
they are any better. It is hard to say whether those lit-
tle boxes about 3x4 scattered all around the yard, with just
a few bees flymg about, will be any good, but they will
defend themselves, and those queens will he hatched out
tliere and will be just as good as any other queens. Mr.
Gill mentioned one important thing, and that was tak-
ing queens out of a strong colony in the height of their
egg-laymg and sending them through the mails, that it
was a bad thing to do. We take these baby nuclei put
perforated zinc over the entrance, and send them out, and
there does not seem to be any bad effects coming from it
In regard to the question of whether a man should rear
his own queens or buy them, I think it varies a good deal
according to the conditions. Some seasons of the year it
IS better to buy them; there are some seasons of the year
that the queens do not suffer in the mails.

Mr. Laws: I want to answer both sections of that
question m the affirmative. I think it is protfiable for the
honey-producer to rear queens with the baby nuclei; it is
the ideal thing; the great trouble is tearing up the full
colony. I went into the apiary a little while back and got
there just in time to find virgins hatching out; in fact they
had been held back in the cells by the bees; there were
eighteen hatched out; we had some of those little babies and
I rushed to the hive and we got those virgins and put
them in those boxes as fast as they would come out We
put those nuclei in the shade, and after awhile carried them
out to a new location and I got about all those queens in
Tf f ^ u '^ ?°' prepared for queen-rearing with large boxes
If he has large boxes it is a great deal of trouble to carry
them around, to get the nuclei home, and to stay after he
puts theni there With the small boxes he can put
them in the shade, and he can take them and scatter
them around in the brush anywhere, and after they re-
mam with the queen for a while they behave like a newly
hived swarm As Mr. Root says, one or two bees at the
entrance will guard the hive just about as well as a large
swarm, and you will find the queens mated shortly after-
wards. I have mated 150 queens with the bees of one hive
You will have the cells built by a populous colony and
you can get the queens all reared at the beginning of the
seasom We want no brood in those nuclei frames I
state this because I have had considerable experience I

win'thtk"as7d^a' ' ""'^ "^'■^ ''^^' °" ^^^ -•^j"' y-

..,hJ^-V ^'"t:;^' '^."u°' P^P^"" perhaps at this time to state
why It would not be practicable with me. but when it
comes under the head of swarming or shook swarms then
I might explain it. Only I shall say this, that the field we
operate, with three of us to work with a thousand colo-
nies, IS about eight miles wide and twenty miles long and
we see an apiary today and then we don't see it a-ain
for SIX days, so that it would not be practicable for me
Under the heading of increase I will tell why I buy mv
queens at certain times. ^ ^

Prof. Benton—I remember getting a colony of Syrian
bees from D. A. Jones, of Canada, and I was transferring
them from one of their bee-hives, which is a crock or
water-jar; we broke it and cut the combs out, and trans-

llZfu !4 " .'"'° ^""""^ ,^"^ '" doing this we found
they had cast a swarm and were ready to cast a second
""" m'"c 7^7 h^^ndful of bees I took out I
II ^ i"*^ i"""" °'' ^^^ queens. I counted 250
well-deve oped queens that I took out of this colony.
I he question was, What should I do with them? I made
baby nuclei I got these queens mated in those baby
nuclei. That ^yas very well as far as it went. That was
the spring of the year. We could take those queens and
send them away, and did do so. If we attempted to sup-
?^ ^, queen-cell to that nucleus there was all sorts of
trouble. My proposition is this : In the long run it would
not be profitable. Self-sustaining nuclei that can be fed
and bees added to if necessary are valuable nuclei in the
Jong run; they are miniature colonies. They are not for
queen-fearing but queen-mating, and having them ready
as reserve queens. Those in the long run are more
profitable.

Mr. Weber— I commenced it and I found I had perfect
success until the robbing time came, and then came the
trouble; I couldn t keep the robbers away, and particularly
this year. I heard from a party in Texas who had made
the same complaint.

Dr. Miller— I would like to ask this question: If
one or two hundred queens be mated with the bees of one

colony, if they should all go to the dogs afterwards,
where is the difference?

Prof. Benton — You want one or two hundred more,
and you have trouble to establish all these colonies, which
is no small amount of work.

Mr. Laws — Mr. Benton relates that when he pulled
out each handful of bees he would find four or five queens,
and in the first place he couldn't hold them because they
didn't have feed there. In the next place I believe some one
raised the objection that they could not hold these bees
without honey; that is right, they have to have feed. If you
take a frame eight or ten inches by four or five inches
and you have one hundred bees it will last those bees for
six months and they will increase and keep up their
strength to a certain extent in those little boxes.

Mr. Root — This question of robbing I find can be
taken care of entirely by feeding out-doors. It keeps
all the colonies good-natured. I didn't believe it practic-
able to feed out-doors until some one reported it was.
and then we began doing it. We fed slowly several gal-
lons a day. We fed those baby nuclei. That removes
one of the objections. Those baby nuclei run out and
they seem to get a little contrary, but by continuous
feeding this will be overcome.

SEVENTH SESSION.

On Friday, September 30, at 9 o'clock a. m. the Presi-
dent called the convention to order, after which Mr. Laws,
of Texas offered prayer.

Mr. Gill — We have been very profuse in our thanks
for everything that has been done for us. I know I was
on a little committee and we were thanked, but I believe
that the officers of the National have not been thanked,
and before I sit down I am going to move that the officer,
of the National Association be thanked for their efficient
services in discharging their duties. There is one Na-
tional officer who cannot live on votes of thanks and the
laborer should be worthy of his hire, and he surely is,
and that is the general manager, and I move that the
Board of Directors be instructed to devise some means to
pay the general manager amply for his splendid work.
Mr. Holekamp — I second that.

Mr. Gill put the motion, which on a vote having been
taken, was declared carried.

Mr. Laws moved, seconded by Mr. Holekamp, that a
vote of thanks be extended to those who had presented
papers before the convention, and also those who had in
any way contributed to the entertainment of the mem-
bers present. [Carried.]

Mr. Stewart moved, seconded by Mr. Laws, that a
vote of thanks be extended to the managers of the
Christian Endeavor hotel who had placed the use of the
Auditorium at the disposal of the convention. [Car-
ried.]

Pres. Harris — I wish to introduce Mr. Adams, Mr. F.
W. Hall and his little daughter. Miss Annetta Hall. Mr.
Adams himself has put forth a great deal of labor in
getting up this little souvenir, termed "Honey Fairies."
We should in this life be mindful of our duties, and let
nothing escape us that would reward them for what they
have done for the bee-keepers' convention, and Mr.
Adams will in his own way read to you this introductory
greeting, and then Mr. Hall and his little girl will give
each member one of these souvenirs so that you may
take it home with you. I understand that it has cost Mr.
Adams considerable to get up this little souvenir, and I
know when you take it to your homes you will appreciate
his kind work in your interests.

Mr. Adams — I have heard several say this was the
greatest National convention that had ever convened. I
have heard very many say that this was the largest
Fair that has been held in this world. These two events
have come together. We look at them together today.
In anticipation of this — I knew it would be so — I thought
it was fitting we should have something that would bring
the two together and make, as we sometimes use the
word, an emulsion, and run them together. This is one
of the great events in our lives, and a mile-post we will
look back to as long as we live, and which we will never
forget. You will find my thoughts better set forth in
the verses.

The President then called for a song from Mr. and
Mrs. York, who responded by singing "The Wheat and
the Tares," the words of which were written by a con-
vict in a penitentiary.

Jan. 26. 19(5.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

65

At Dr. Miller's request, Mr. and Mrs. York also
sang a sacred selection entitled, "Not Ashamed of Jesus."

On motion of Dr. Miller, duly seconded, a hearty
vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Adams and to Mr.
Hall and his daughter in connection with the presenta-
tion of the souvenirs to the convention.

Mr. Lovesy — I would like to say a word on the
organization question. Contemplate the vast multitude
of bee-keepers and then consider the little organization
that we have. We have not sufficient organization to
reap or receive the benefits we might otherwise get. Con-
sider the aid and support we might get from the State
Experiment Stations and the Government which we
cannot now use because we are not united and not organ-
ized so that we can take advantage of those things.
There are many things in the United States we could get
if We were organized, but which we cannot get without
organization.

Mr. Gill — We have had perhaps enough talk about
organization, but I wish to say a few words. I think it
was Mark Twain who said: "You don't get anything in
this world without asking for it, and then you insist on
it." In Colorado we have secured the passage of a num-
ber of bills with reference to spraying, and other mat-
ters, such as a pure honey law; we have insisted on
these things. They can be obtained, but it is necessary
first to have merit. Human nature is much the same the
world over. H you have something with merit in it they
will take hold of it irrespective of politics.

Pres. Harris then called upon Mr. Charles Stewart
to present a paper on foul brood.

Mr. Stewart — Your general manager asked me to give
you a paper on black brood. Perhaps I should say here
that according to our New York State authorities black
brood is considered a type of foul brood, and we call it
by the name of black foul brood now to make a distinc-
tion from the old or malignant foul brood.

BLACK FOUL BROOD.

Black foul brood first made its appearance in New
York State in Schoharie county, among bees bought from
a Southern State, and was at first confined to a small
area, but soon alarmed apiarists by the great mortality
it caused among bees as well as the rapidity with which
it spread.

As a rule the germ of disease afifects the larvae be-
fore it is capped, and causes it to have more of a yel-
low cast than it usually has in a healthy state, causing
an unusual motion as if in distress. Later it dies and
sinks in a shapeless mass in the bottom of the cell, as-
suming the color of coffee with a little milk added. It
now gives off a sour, disagreeable smell, quite different
from the glue-pot smell of ordinary foul brood, and
unlike foul brood, refuses to be drawn out in a rubber-
like string.

The bees seem to recognize the diseased cells and do
not cap them, so that a very large percentage of the
brood-capped hatches, although an occasional depressed
or perforated capping similar to foul brood may be
found. The dead larvae may readily be removed from the
cell after it has dried, differing again from foul brood
which attaches itself closely to the cell.

The effect of this disease varies greatly in differ-
ent apiaries, as well as in its effect on individual colonies
in the same apiary. This was hard to explain at first
until we learned that it proved most destructive in those
colonies weakest in vitality. Further research proved
that the average vitality was much lower in some apiaries
and hence succumbed more readily, just as a man is
more susceptible to disease whose vitality is impaired
by overwork, improper nourishment, exposure, or from
various causes.

A dearth of honey causes the bees either to overwork,
or else suffer from lack of nourishment, thus impairing
their vitality, and so succumb more readily to disease.
To have disease, the germ of that particular disease
must in some way be carried to the hive. How the germs
were carried from a diseased apiary to a healthy one
four or five miles distant puzzled me greatly until I
proved beyond the possibility of a doubt that bees
from those diseased apiaries could be found in apiaries
at least four miles distant, thus carrying the dise:;se
with them. Such being the case with apiaries, h'W
much greater is the mixture of bees from hive to h'\ve
in the same apiary. This can best be illustrated by citing

the fact that in an apiary with but one badly diseased col-
ony, the colonies on either side of it in the sarne row
will be found diseased, diminishing gradually in the
amount of affected brood as we increase the distance
from the source of contagion. This also seems to hold
good in regard to the hives in the rows both before and
behind the badly diseased colony, but to a very much
less extent. Black foul brood spreads more rapidly
where the hives are close together. The same of course
holds good with the spread of disease from yard to
yard.

In this paper I have already foreshadowed a method
of treatment as follows:

Have apiaries isolated as much as possible.

Do not set colonies too close together.

Keep all colonies strong by having young, vigorous
queens rich in vitality. Introduce new blood generously
each season, especially that with a dash of Cyprian
blood in it.

Shake all diseased colonies on clean frames of comb
foundation as soon as discovered, and feed a little sugar
syrup for a week to restore their vitality.

If feasible, establish a hospital apiary in some iso-
lated place for the treatment of diseased colonies, from
not only your own but also your neighbors' apiaries,
movin"- them at night and treating all at one time, and
moving home when cured to give place for a new lot.

By following the foregoing method of treatment with
all of its minor details, which cannot here be given, togeth-
er with a helpful enforcement of a wise foul brood law, a
new order of bee-keeping has been brought about in
Eastern New York. The box-hive man and the slovenly
bee-keeper with his scrub hives and methods has given
place to a bright, clean class of bee-keepers, who have a
conscious oower to succeed even in the face of disease.

This paper, which has been written as I have traveled
from apiary to aoiary, I feel would be incomplete did I
not pav a tribute to those who framed our foul brood law,
as well as to the Department of Agriculture, who have
made strenuous efforts to carry it out. The bee-keep-
ers of New York State owe much to the wisdom of this
law for where once disease blasted men's hopes, and
threatened even the loss of their homes, with a legacy of
empty hives has arisen fine apiaries where men proudly
exhibit their tons of honey. Chas. Stewart.

Mr. Holekamp— Is there a difference in this black
foul brood from the common foul brood?

Mr Stewart — The black brood, as I said, appeared in
New York State at first and differed materially from the
old type of foul brood inasmuch as the brood dies just
before it is being capped, and we find very little dead
under the capping; while with the black brood the greater
percent dies under the capping. Foul brood is stringy
ana black brood is not, and the smell is different. Ihe
spread of the disease also differs; it spreads very rapidly.
You will find that it has spread four or five miles away in
the course of a few weeks, so that those things mark
it as a distinct type of foul brood. , ,. , . r.

Dr. Bohrer— I would ask if in feeding the bees, after
treatment, you add any germicide to the food, such as
citric or salicylic acid, or boracic acid?

Mr Stewart— We have used those things throughout
the State and we recommend them to use those if they
choose, although we never got any practical results
from a germicide fed in syrup. While it seemed. to hold
it in check we did not want our bee-keepers to rely on

that as a cure. ., , ^ • u

Mr. Gary— I would like to know if the Cyprian bee
is more immune from the disease than other bees?

Mr Stewart— We find that the Italians and some ot
the newer races of bees will stand the disease much more
readilvr than the old-time blacks. For instance, we find
yards where the vitality is very low from some cause,
and those yards will become ruined in a single season. I
have seen a yard containing 60 colonies of bees with
those bees weak in vitalitv where fifty-nine of them \vere
of this type of bee and one colony of Italians. The
whole yard at the end of the season was dead, and the
one colony had everything full of honey, and the sec-
tions were all filled, I don't know how manv sets of them,
and they never showed any trace of the disease; and this
man being isolated somewhat, and supposing this colony
was sure to die with it, let oit all the wax in the solar
wax extractor, before the bee-inspectors had become

66

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 190S.

organized. The result was that this colony continued
about five or six years and it never showed any sign of
the disease. I have noticed those bees that had a dash of
Cyprian blood in them seemed to ward off the disease
much better.

Mr. Cary — Do you mean in comparison with the
Italians?

Mr. Stewart — I am comparing them with the ordi-
nary black bees throughout the country. You will find
that farmer bee-keepers and some of those called experts
have black bees and rather poor hives, and get started
with Italians and they drift back and they have rather a
poor class of hybrids, and that class of bees succumbs
readily to this disease; we have asked all of the bee-keep-
ers where any disease existed to replace them with either
Italians or CyDrians, or even Carniolans, in preference
to any of the black bees.

Prof. Benton — How do Carniolans in this list com-
pare with others?

Mr. Stewart — We find the Italians will stand disease
a little better than the Carniolans, although we have
never lost a whole apiary of Carniolans from this dis-
ease yet, that I know of. My personal observation would
indicate that some particular strains of Italian bees will
stand it a little .better.

J. C. Stewart — I would like to cite you a case simi-
lar to one you have been describing, where you said
the larvae turned from a white to a yellow color. The
larva, we will say about two days before it should be
capped over, had begun to swell, and had formed a yel-
low spot on one side of the larva about midway from end
to end and in the center of the body, and that spot begins
to enlarge and enlarge until it develops in nearly the
whole body of the larva, and this body has swollen so that
as soon as you touch or puncture it it will burst and give
off a watery substance. Do you consider that black brood?

Mr. Stewart — It is pretty hard to recognize the dis-
ease from so meagre a description, but I never found that
in black brood. I don't know that I ever came across that
particular feature. It would look more as if there were
some pickled brood about it.

Mr. Whitcomb — You made some remark about your
ability to resist disease. Do you believe one colony has
any more ability to resist disease than another, or is it
on account of the robbing propensities? Some do not
go out and rob so much and the hybrid-black bees are
always robbing.

Mr. Stewart — At one time we did lean to that idea,
but we soon got our minds disabused. Take the instance
I have just cited of the sixty colonies. My friend told
me they could see that one colony gathering right in
that yard and they showed no sign of the disease.

Mr. Whitcomb — Take it from generation to genera-
tion, and you put the honey under the microscope, and
you will find that the disease is progressing.

Mr. Stewart — If you talk to the bacteriologist you
will find that honey is not a medium for the propagation
and growth of bacillus alvei.

Dr. Miller — When black brood was first known it
was considered a very terrible thing, and at this later
date when they have had a chance to fight it I would
like to know how they compare it with our foul brood.
You would dread the affliction of the ordinary brood, now
could you put it into percent as to your dread of your
black brood?

Mr. Stewart— It is pretty hard to compare the two
because I have had so much more experience with the
black brood than with the foul brood. While we occasion-
ally find a little spot of it in New York State I have found
foul brood where it has been in a couple of yards to an
important extent for four or five years. If you had black
brood in a single apiary of New York State it would
largely depend on the weather or honey conditions how
fast it would spread. It is a disease that thrives best in
a starvation season, when no new honey is coming in pure
and fresh from the flowers; and the result is that I am
a little at a loss to know how to place a percentage on
it, but I should a great deal rather have the old-time foul
brood than the black brood.

Dr. Miller — Another question. These two diseases,
the scientists tell us, come from the same cause, bacillus
alvei. One is puzzled to know why, and yet we know
that there are different types of the disease. But if thev
both come from the same cause, do they merge one into
the other? Will there be shades of it from one to an-

other, or are they distinct things, neither one ever chang-
ing into the other?

Mr. Stewart — We have never known it to change
from one to the other. It always preserves these pe-
culiar characteristics of its own.

Pres. Harris — Is it not a fact that in the insect king-
dom as well as the animal kingdom, and you take it
among the human family, that the conditions surrounding
all diseases have a very great deal to do with it? You
find it sometimes in a light form, and other times in a
severe form, and it is the condition in which the bees
are and the surroundings.

Mr. Stewart — Yes, I believe it is.

Mr. Root — There is one fact that has not been
brought out. I would like to ask Mr. Stewart whether he
has diagnosed samples of black brood that have been sent
to him from other portions of the country as the same
as the black brood he has in New York State?

Mr. Stewart — I had a sample brought from Michigan
that I was at a little loss to know just what it was, while
the sample was a little old, something over a week. It
is pretty hard to take a little sample of it home and
decide just what it is, especially after it has been out of
the hive for a week or more, but I didn't hesitate in pro-
nouncing this similar to our black brood in New York
State. Your general manager has handed me a paper that
was sent in by another inspector from New York State,
and perhaps it would be well to read that. The writer is
W. D. Wright.

BLACK BROOD (SO CALLED) IN NEW YORK,
VS. FOUL BROOD.

Contrary to the result obtained from former inves-
tigations and the general belief that the New York bee-
malady was an entirely new and distinct disease, the
recent extensive investigations by New York State, ex-
hibits are expected to prove that the disease prevail-
ing here, is nearly, if not quite, identical with that de-
scribed by European authorities as foul brood — bacillus
alvei.

There is apparently a variation in the exterior charac-
teristics of the former from the latter, such as a greater
proportion of the unsealed larvK dying, consequently
fewer sealed cases containing discarded matter, some-
times a black or yellow spot on the larva when first at-
tacked, and only occasionally ropiness. In the advanced
stages, either is extremely foul, and emits a nauseating
stench. Also, either yields readily to the same treat-
ment.

European bee-masters claim that there are two forms
of foul brood, viz.: the dry or mild, and the moist or
malignant. From their description, I believe the mild
form tallies with what we call pickled brood, and the
malignant probabl}' the same as our foul brood or black
foul brood.

I have observed for several years past, that the pure,
three-banded or leather-colored Italians were much less
subject to the disease than other races, so that I univer-
sally recommended Italianizing with such strains. If this
is done in diseased apiaries of black or hybrid bees, be-
fore or soon after treatment, the apiarist will stand a
much better chance of banishing, or at least keeping the
foul brood in subjection.

I was surprised recently, in referring to Quinby's bee-
keeping, edition of 1865, to find this statement in regard
to Italian bees being less affected with foul brood. "Since
their introductin into my apiaries, the number affected
with this disease has diminished five-sixths." Mr.
Quinby also states in his description of the disease, that
the dead larvje were black. However, a larger propor-
tion of them was sealed over than in our black foul brood.

I will also quote from Dzierzon's mode of treating
foul brood, published in the Bienenzeitung. He says:

"To prevent the disease from spreading in a colony, there
is no more reliable and ctKcient process than to stop the pro-
duction of brood, for where no brood exists, none can perish
and putrefy. The disease is thus deprived both of its ailment
and its subjects. The healthy brood will mature and
emerge in due time, and the putrid matter remaining in
a few cells will dry up and be removed by the workers.
All this will certainly result from a well-timed removal
of the queen from such colonies."

This is recommended by the author when but few
colonies are diseased, and those discovered early, but it
is good practice even at the present day, and in the

Jan. 26, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

67

treatment of our black foul brood in certain cases, viz.:
colonies that we wish to treat by the formalin process,
may be unqueened or the queen caged, then after the
combs are free from brood, the honey may be extracted,
the combs thoroughly fumigated and returned to the bees
after they have consumed the honey in their sacs. Also,
any colonies that we may wish to brimstone at the end of
the season, by removing the queen three or four weeks
before the end of the honey-flow we will have no brood
in the combs. They could then be extracted, fumigated
with formalin and preserved for future 'use. The best
results would be obtained from colonies of fair to cfood
strength, as they would clean up the disease much bet-
ter than weak ones.

For those who wish to preserve their apiaries as far
as possible from the ravages of this disease, and do not
wish to use the formalin treatment, the shaking process
is recommended, stacking the brood, and shaking the
same combs again three weeks later.

In regard to the name of our present malady ,1 will
say that as everything emanating from bacillus alvei is
regarded as foul brood, and a further addition to the tide
seems to be necessary to identify this particular ph.Tse
of it, we may call it "black foul brood." Because an
€rror was made in the start in naming it black brood, is
no reason why that title should be perpetuated.

The name was also very unfortunate for us when it
was given, as it upset and rendered void the New York
law as far as the prevailing disease was concerned, and
necessitated an amendment at the next session of the leg-
islature. However, we are happy to say that matters are
gradually becoming righted.

With careful, progressive apiarists, the outlook at
the present time is quite favorable, even in districts where
the mortality has been greatest, and the business has been
conducted at a good profit. W. D. Wright.

Mr. Root — I would like to make a statement from
my knowledge of these two diseases. You perhaps re-
member about twenty odd 3'ears ago we had foul brood
at Medina, and we had it very severely, and it was real
foul brood; it roped and had all the characteristics, as
given in the European journals at the time. Now. this
black brood deports itself in a very dififerent way; it is
not ropy, has a different odor altogether, is of a watery
consistency, and when Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan, editor of
the British Bee Journal, was at our place he examined the
foul brood we had there; he had his microscope and
looked at the bacillus alvei and said it was exactly the
same thing as they had in Europe. Last summer I sent
a sample of the foul brood that has been found in our
vicinity to the bacteriologists in New York State and
after an examination had been made of it a report came
back that it was not the same thing as the black brood
of New York State. That it was not bacillus alvei.
There are some things there that I do not understand.
Thos. Wm. Cowan examined the foul brood that I had
seen and called it bacillus alvei; these bacteriologists ex-
amined that same thing and say it is not the same. I
wish in the Department of Agriculture they could inves-
tigate that question and have it cleared up; there seems
to be a conflict of opinion among authorities.

Mr. Johnson — In the last paper read the suggestion is
made of shaking the bees and putting away the comb for
three weeks. I would like to ask if it would be safe to
use those combs again without purifying or cleansing.

Mr. Stewart — I don't think he wished to convey the
meaning that they were to be used again in three weeks,
but rather he speaks about stacking the brood and then
afterwards when the combs are cleaned out to use for-
maldehyde on the combs. We cannot be sure of tliis
treatment. In some cases it succeeds, in other
cases it fails, perhaps owing to a poor grade of for-
maldehyde. Our experts have been making some tests
of what has been sold on the market and find it is largely
adulterated and therefore cverj'body did not get the same
results. In regard to this other treatment we speak of,
it is sometimes necessarv in order to save the brood of
a part of your colonies that are diseased early in the sea-
son, while as the honey-llow opens we treat the strong
ones and stack the brood on the weak ones, and in per-
haps ten days that makes the weak ones strong, and you
can shake those and >-ou have bees enough to live and
perform the labors of the hive until new brood is
hatched.

Prof. Benton — As a comment on what Mr. Root has
brought up regarding the taking up of this subject I de-
sire to say, shortly before coming here, I was asked to
hand in estimates for the fiscal year for apiarian work be-
ginning July 1, 1905, and in those estimates I included an
item of $1,500 for an investigation of these bee-diseases.
It rests with you to see that that goes through. If it is
received by the committees and congress, and if it passes
we will employ a skilled bacteriologist and let him go
to work to straighten the whole matter out. But this
year, as Dr. Wiley indicated, there must be a united effort
to see we get that in addition to our former appropria-
tion.

Mr. Gill — I want to enter a few words of caution to
amateurs in this treatment of disease; our work goes out
and it is dangerous for amateurs. Experts will do as they
have a mind to, and it is safe to let them, but I would
advise any amateur attempting any fad in the matter of
treatment, when he has doctored his combs to make them
into beeswax, and when he has doctored his honey
either to burn or destroy it. All the drugs in the hands
of amateurs are not a success. When it comes to the
treatment by shaking or driving be sure you do it a
second time. The proper media for increase of the germs
is in the larvae, the germ itself is in the honey, and the
danger lies in the honey. Bury it or burn it up. I am
speaking for amateurs alone. I have had more experience
with foul brood than I hope I will ever have to have
again. I have had to treat from 25 to 150 cases every
year, but it is getting less. I have apiaries that are en-
tirely clear from it, and remain so, and then in a year or
two up comes some of it. You can have all the law and
legislation you wish, but we have got to contend with
foul brood, the same as the human family must contend
with tyohoid fever. I believe there are sections of the
country on account of the flora, soil, atmosphere or
humidity that are mpre immune from disease than others.
I have seen sections where it seemed hard to spread it,
and other places you couldn't keep from having it
all the time. But it is safe at all times to the amateur
to be sure of what he does. If in the fall you have had a
bad case, use fire; in the spring, if you have something
worth saving, starve them pretty near to death, then put
them on clean combs, then when the honey season comes,
the best plan is to turn them into clean, new hives, but be
sure you know what to do with those old combs; take
care of them, and be careful, and you will be rewarded.

Dr. Miller— Prof. Benton tells us it lies with us to
secure so and so. Now, he supposes we common, every-
day bee-keepers are smart enough to know all about
what that means. I would like to have him say dis-
tinctly what he wants us to do. ... ,

Prof. Benton— What I mean is simply this, that when
the Bill which will go before Congress making appropria-
tions for the United States Department of Agriculture has
been reported, when it is in the committee's hands, and
then later on when it goes to the House and to the
Senate for passage, every member should see that both
of his Senators and the Representative from his district
are touched up by a short letter to the point, stating we
are interested in seeing work that affects our pursuit fav-
orably considered by your committee. You need not say,
we want ten or twenty thousand dollars, but simply fav-
orably considered; we wish to see our interests repre-
sented, and there are measures included in this Bill in
which we are vitally interested; will you give them your
support? Merelv a touch-up of that sort from all over
the country, and' particularly any member who is a mem-
ber of the committee on Agriculture, would affect the
purpose probably. . -.Tr j >..

Dr. Miller— That is good so far as it goes. We don t
know enough about these things we want to do. Would it
be asking too much of Prof. Benton if he would, when
some bill comes up of that kind, tell us through the bee-
papers somewhat distinctly what we are to do?

Prof. Benton— I will do that. There is not only such
legislation as that, but sometimes a pure food bill has
been before Congress: it is a good thing to have that
kept track of, and it is a thing that every bee-keeper is
interested in seeing passed, and might influence very
largely in matters of that sort. There are sometimes
matters affecting the duties on honeys.

Dr. Miller— I think if Prof. Benton will do that it
will help very largely. , . . , ..

Mr. Smith — .Along this same line, and in view ot the

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THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 19( 5

fact of the wide-spread of bee-diseases over the country,
and the further fact that most of them are due either
to carelessness or ignorance, would it not be a good thing
to have a little leaflet issued on the prevention of these
diseases? If there is none extant I would move we
have a lot of them printed for the purpose of parceling
out among our members and distributing, and for our
local institutes throughout the country for distribution
among the farmer bee-keepers.

Mr. Lovesy — In my experience I have noticed a
number of times that foul brood has turned to black-
brood. Just as soon as the bees commence brood-rearing
in the spring I go very carefully and look over the brood:
pick off the caps of any I have any suspicion of, and I
often find the larva; in there. If that is the case I know
It is going to be foul brood, pickled brood, or black brood,
or something of that nature. Then we transfer them and
put them into a box on the old stand and starve them for
three or four days and put them on starters and feed
them up. In this connection in regard to foul brood
laws, have something which affects you. Don't have a
State law. There is no State in the Union that has
any law at all that suits the other States. Our law reads
that any five men in any county where the disease exists
may petition the County Commissioners and they shall
appomt and pay the inspector for the time he occupies
m his actual duties among the bees; and it provides he
shall visit all bees. He is required to visit every apiary
once a year. If there is anything wrong with the bee's
he attends to it, and if any time through the year a
bee-keeper suspects anything wrong with the bees he
calls on the inspector and the inspector visits them.

Dr. Bohrer — With regard to getting a new queen in
such cases I would deem it entirely unnecessary, because
the germ of foul brood is found in the food in the stomach
of the bee. and so soon as the food has been disposed of
and has passed through the system, the queen is no
longer liable to transmit that disease to her progeny. I
want to recommend to every bee-keeper with reference to
foul brood that his cure be radical and permanent.

Mr. France— Bearing on this same line of foul brood
perhaps I am wrong, but I think not, the father of our
authority m the United States from a practical stand-
point IS Wilham McEvoy, of Canada. I went down to
New York last winter more especially to meet him in
counsel on this subject than any other, but Jack Frost
beat me out, and I failed to meet him. I said, "Be at
this convention," but when the critical hour came he
could not come.

Mr. Reinecke— Could the disease be carried by im-
ported queens?

Mr. France— This is a question of great importance
both to queen-breeders and the bee-keeper himself. Is
there danger of foul brood by buying queen bees from
abroad? Yes, and no? I would not hesitate to buy all
the queen-bees a foul-brood apiary had, and introduce
them into my hives, provided when they came every
queen was taken out of the cage and put into a new,
clean cage, and fed sugar syrup forty-eight hours, and
then introduced, and then destroy the cage she came in.
It IS the food that is in the cage, and not the queen.

Mr. Taylor — I think it is fourteen or fifteen years
since I first had foul brood, and I have been a good
deal mterested in it, and have watched it and have not
been terribly anxious to get rid of all of it as I like to see
what can be done with the thing. At one time I had a
good, strong colony of bees that was queenless. I had
another colony that had foul brood well developed, and
for the purpose of satisfying myself as to whether there
was much danger of getting foul brood from a queen, I
took the queen out of the foul brood colony and put it
directly into the healthy colony. They accepted her
at. once— I didn't have to cage her— and no foul brood
ever developed from that operation, so that I am tolerably
well satisfied that the danger of getting foul brood by
means of a new queen is extremely slim.

Mr. Laws — I would like to ask Mr. France why he
wishes to feed sugar syrup to the queen and bees in the
cage for forty-eight hours before he introduces them.

Mr. France— I would rather you would cut that off
and not feed the queen and bees, and isolate her from
those bees. It is simply to make her first consume what
honey she has within her honey-sac, and then give her a
good feeding, the same as with farm stock.

Dr. Bohrer — The disease is no part of her system, but
simply what she has been eating?

Mr. France — That is all.

Dr. Bohrer — Do you consider salicylic acid as a germ-
icide a valuable thing to feed with the syrup?

Mr. France — I don't know but it would be good, but
I have not known any bad results when we didn't use it.

Mr. Darby — I would like to ask if you don't first in-
troduce the queen to a new escort before you do the
feeding? ■ „]

Mr. France — Let her run into a cage alone first with-
out those bees, to make sure she is partially starved,
to get rid of that honey, then give her escorts and some
feed.

Mr. Hart — I would like to ask if it is not a good idea
to feed the queen when you are treating for foul brood
at times when the bees are not doing much?

Mr. France — Yes, a most excellent time. You will
accomplish two things at once. Only there is one danger.
If you take away the brood it makes them restless and
uneasy, unless there is a good deal of feeding done. If
there is a little swarming impulse it makes quite a dif-
ference. It is difficult to treat foul brood unless there
is a natural honey-flow coming in.

Mr. Hart — I would like to ask again if it would not
be a better idea not to extract the honey from these two
combs, only at a time when the bees were doing well
in the field?

Mr. Francis — Does the queen-bee ever deposit any
honey in the cells? If not, what difference will it make
what kind of honey she has, whether foul brood or
not?

Mr. France — I don't think she does, but sometimes
she has an overload, and she may feed it to some other
bee that would. There is a little risk there. Keep on
the cautious side.

REPORT ON NATIONAL HONEY EXCHANGE.

Mr. France presented the report on the National
Honey Exchange of America.

Mr. Brown — With regard to this matter I would
like to say that, as you see, this is the first step towards
our National Commercial Organization, and, as was sug-
gested in the paper read, it is to be a market for all of our
product; it is hoped to be the place where those who now
consume honey and are seeking the produce from you
will come to this organization to buy. It is hoped that
it will be so organized with such men at the head of it
that every producer will have full and complete confidence
in their management of it, and will willingly and freely
trust and consign their goods thereto, knowing that they
will get exact and just weight and exact and just re-
turns, knowing too that if there be but one organization
in the field which will manage and control and handle all
this product, it will forever do away with the competition
that now exists between localities, which has a tendency
as all other competition does, to bear down the prices.
Therefore, we expect through this organization to be able
to advance to the producer the price of his product, and
not necessarily increase it to the consumer. I don't be-
lieve this matter will affect the price to the consumer
one particle. It will simply save to ourselves and to
those who sell and produce the honey that which now
goes into the pockets of people that are making them-
selves wealthy out of what we produce. For the induce-
ment of those who wish to buy stock, the stock is
placed at $25 a share; and we expect, of course, to derive
some benefit to be induced to buy stock, outside of this
matter of boosting the price of our goods. I can only
outline something we are doing in California, having this
last winter completed an organization in central Cali-
fornia. This organization charges a commission for
selling honey — it does not make any difference what that
might be — we will say it is five percent — there are our re-
sources and the dividends; after the expenses of the Asso-
ciation have been paid, whatever is accumulated will be
dividends. We place our honey upon the market through
this channel because we are members and we pay five
percent for marketing our own goods through this chan-
nel. It takes two percent of the five percent to meet our
expenses, then there will be repaid a dividend of three
percent back to ourselves on our stock. It can be pro-
portioned to the amount of goods contributed as is done
with us in California. Then we do not only get back
the dividend or rebate on the goods we contribute but also
on the entire gain of the Association. We had put in our

Jan. 26, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

69

charter a clause giving us an opportunity to manufacture
and deal in supplies. That is simply put in there in case,
after years of experience and growth, we grow into some-
thing of that kind. But the first thing we want to direct
our attention to is the market.

Mr. Krebs moved, seconded by Mr. Laws, that the
report be accepted.

Mr. Abbott — I rise to a point of order. This Asso-
ciation is discussing and passing action on the business of
another Association, which is a stock company, and is
to be entirely different from this Association, and it seems
to me a strange anomaly that there should be organized
■inside of this Association another financial Association
whose avowed purpose is to crush the business of at least
one-fifth of this Association, for one-fifth of the people
here are supply dealers. 1 confess that this is the strang-
est anomaly that I have ever known to exist in the form
of legislation, that, I, as a member of the National Asso-
ciation, a supply dealer, should sit here and help make a
Society whose avowed purpose is to crush out my busi-
ness. I protest.

Prof. Benton — I supposed this was an Association of
honey-producers to protect honey-producers' interests, and
not an Association of supply dealers.

Mr. Abbott — I have no personal reference to the matter.
I believe in the courtesy of this Association being extended
to these people to organize this Association, but I claim we,
as members of this Association, have nothing to say about
how they shall conduct their business. I have no objection
to what Mr. Brown has said, or to the presentation of the
matter or the organization of those here, but now that it has
become a permanent organization I claim it should hold its
meetings separate and apart from us.

Mr. Whitcomb — While I have no interest in the sale of
honey or supplies, or anything of that kind, yet I do consider
when this Association goes into anything of the kind, or
gives any countenance to it, it is treading on very dangerous
ground indeed. If the people of California or Colorado wish
to organize such an Association I have no objection what-
ever, but I object to dragging the people of Nebraska or Ohio
or Missouri into an organization in which they have no in-
terest.

Dr. Bohrer — I do believe we have a right to recommend
such an organization as will successfully combat the combines
and trusts and such persons as wish to take stock have a
right to do so.

Mr. Krebs — I do not see any need of all this apparent
opposition. This organization is intended to benefit the pro-
ducer of honey and not to run in opposition to any class or
clique of people. It is simply to get the benefit of the sale
of honey at a reasonably good price without having to hunt
all over the world to get our prices; it is just simply to
regulate prices.

Mr. DeLong — I really think it is the Association's busi-
ness to procure a market for their product. If we spend the
best efforts of our lives in producing a product and then put
a great portion of that into the hands of untrustworthy men
to handle and dispose of to the consumer, I think we have
lost one of the important points of our mission. We seem
to be in the condition that we can produce the honey but
when we have produced it another class of people comes in
that are not in the business at all, and they say, you shall
not market your honey. I say we do market it. I say we
agree on this exchange and we see the destiny of our product.

Prof. Benton — I think there is a good deal of misappre-
hension here. For my own part I would not think of going
into any such organization as is spoken of if it were de-
signed to crush the supply dealers, because they are a useful
set of people, and the supplies of these people must neces-
sarily in the beginning come from these very supply dealers.
They are not to be crushed, they are to be encouraged ; ihey
can form a part of it as well, and I see no antagonism. I do
not see that the National Bee-Keepers' Association is the
promoter, or sponsor, or anything of that sort, for the honey-
producers' association; this is simply a convenient place to
bring forward such an idea.

Mr. Abbott — I agree fully with Mr. Benton. We have
got on common ground. I am not offering any objection.
In fact I would like to amend the motion that we heartily
concur in the movement, and will offer no opposition to it
in any way, but my contention is that this is a separate body
and we ought not to take the time of this body. I leave it
to Mr. Brown himself if I am not right.

Mr. Taylor called for the re-reading of the report which
was complied with by Mr. France.

Mr. Taylor moved, seconded by Mr. Abbott, that the re-
port be laid on the table.

The President put the motion, which on a vote having
been taken was declared lost.

The President then put the motion to adopt the report
which on a vote having been taken was declared carried.

Mr. York then read a paper written by Mr. Poppleton,
of Florida, on the subject of "Bee-Paralysis," as follows:

BEE-PARALYSIS.

Early one season over 20 years ago, while keeping bees
in northern Iowa, I noticed that many of my colonies seemed
strangely affected, and in most cases seriously so. I examined
leading text-books, as well as our periodicals, but could find
no reference whatever to anything like it. A sample of the
affected bees was sent to Prof. Cook, but it was all new to
him. About this time inquiries commenced coming to our
editors from various and widely separated localities about
this same trouble. It came to be known as the "Trembling
Disease," "Nameless Disease," afterwards as "Bee-Paralysis,"
which is more appropriate, and will probably be its perma-
nent name.

The disease seems to be widespread, not only found in
nearly all sections of our own country, but also in foreign
lands. There is quite a general belief that it is confined to
the South, but this is a mistake, as, with one exception, the
most serious loss I have had from it was in northern Iowa.
The fact that it is almost impossible to winter a diseased
colony in the northern part of our country, prevents its be-
coming very serious there, and for that reason only it is more
common in the South.

Is the disease contagious? If so, how, and in what way
is it communicated from one bee to another, and from colony
to colony, and, if not, what causes the disease, is one of the
important problems yet to be solved. This problem must be
solved, and correctly so, before we can fully control the dis-
ease. I am not at all sure I am right, but think the disease
can be, and is, communicated from diseased bees to well ones.
Careful experiments seem to prove that it is not passed along
by means of combs, honey or brood, and I now transfer them
from sick to well colonies without bad results, being careful
not to give any sick, well or dead bees from an infected
colony to a well one.

Whether queens can and do transmit the disease to their
offspring is one of the points not yet determined, and is, in
ray opinion, a most important one. Giving a diseased colony
a new queen has not with me been a success, yet many facts
which have been carefully observed lead one to the theory
that queens are largely responsible for the spread of the
disease, and it seems to me much more prevalent in certain
strains or families of bees. One fall, some years ago, I pur-
chased quite a lot of young queens from one of our best
breeders. The following season, nearly all of the diseased
c-lonies in my apiary were those to which one of these queens
had been given, over half of them being affected. The breeder
whose honesty and truthfulness cannot be questioned tells me
that so far as he knew there was none of the disease in his
apiary at the time he reared those queens. Another time I
obtained two or three queens from one of the noted breeders
in this country. There seemed to be no trace of the disease
about them or their colonies at first, but part of them, and
nearly every colony of their royal daughters were diseased
the following season. I had to purge the apiary of every
tr..ce of this strain. Same also occurred with another lot
of purchased queens, while the descendants of other pur-
chased queens have been free from the malady.

This question of the transmission of the disease through
queens, and the fact that when once diseased the colony will
continue so after a chang:e of queens, looks as though queens
and contagion both aid in spreading the disease, and opens
up a wide field for theory and experiments.

The sign of disease is readily seen and recognized.
Should any quantity of dead bees be seen outside the en-
trance to a hive, a few struggling and dying bees will usually
be seen among them, If not too badly diseased, well bee's
will be seen on the entrance-board, tugging and hauling at
sick ones, trying to drag them out of the hive. At first
glance one may think that robber-bees are being fought, but
a little closer observation will show the plain difference be-
tween driving off robbers and dragging out sick ones that
don't seem to want to go. On taking covers off of hives the
sick bees will try to come to the light, and after a little time
can be seen crawling on the top of frames. Their motions
are slow and laborious as though weak and partly par-
alyzed. They cannot take wing, but cling tightly by
their feet to anything they are on. This tight clinging

70

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905.

by their feet is the surest sign of the disease and very
readily noticed.

The disease is exceedingly erratic in its course, some-
times commencing suddenly, sometimes slowly. It may de-
stroy the colony in a few weeks or it may linger an entire
season, or it may recover suddenly, with or without some
seeming cause for doing so. This last trait has caused many
who have seen only one or a few cases to conclude that they
have found a sure cure because a colony happened to recover
soon after something had been done. This erratic character
of the disease has not only led many to wrong conclusions,
but makes it much more difficult to reach right ones. Observ-
ing scores or even hundreds of cases is necessary before com-
ing to any definite conclusions at all, and we know too little
of the disease yet to think we know very much about it at
the best. Let us hope that some competent scientist can give
us more definite knowledge than vi-e now have.

Several methods of cure have been suggested, nearly all
of which I have tried. None have given satisfaction except
the use of sulphur. A single application of this has always
affected a cure, except in two instances, when a second appli-
cation was required. The method of treatment was to go
to the colony to be treated some time during the day, and
remove all the combs containing any eggs or unsealed brood,
giving them temporarily to other colonies. In the evenmg
as soon as all the bees are in from the fields, sprinkle all the
bees, combs and inside of the hive very lightly with powdered
sulphur, trying to get a little on all of the bees. I never
measured the amount of sulphur used, but think about a
tablespoonful to a small colony. Usually the bees will die
off quite rapidly for a few days after treatment, then cease
doing so quite suddenly. The original combs of brood taken
away, or others, should be returned the day following treat-
ment. Reason for having this brood out of the hive during
treatment is because sulphur kills all unsealed brood that it
touches. It is very important to observe this point in
actual work.

While this treatment has always succeeded with me, yet
I prefer an entirely different method.. That is, to make a
new nucleus with young queen, building this neucleus up
into a strong colony by giving it the brood from the diseased
colony, a comb or two at a time, as rapidly as it can use
them to advantage. A cured colony is always very weak,
so much so as to be of little or no. value during the season
of treatment. A nucleus built up by combs or brood from
a sick colony will be in fully as good condition at the close
of the season as would be a cured colony, with the added
advantage of having a young queen with no known taint of
the disease. While a cured colony is not apt to be again
disea:ed, yet my experience makes me very shy about using
the queens of such colonies for breeding purposes; and
the best way of being safe from danger of that, is, not to
keep such queens.

I hear reports of two other diseases known as "bet-
paralysis" in the localities where they exist — one of them
from California, the other from Wisconsin. Whether these
are really types of that disease or are new diseases, is more
than I know. The existence of these in our country em-
phasizes very strongly the need of thorough examination of
the different types by competent scientists. I would suggest
that our Association formally request the United States De-
partment of Agriculture to take up this work and make a
thorough investigation of these diseases.

O. O. POPPLETON.

Dr. Miller moved, seconded by Mr. Laws, that this As-
sociation request the Department of Agriculture to make the
investigations suggested by Mr. Poppleton.

The President put the motion which on a vote having
been taken was declared carried.

Mr. Laws — Is this a prevalent disease in our country
now?

Mr. Andrews — We very seldom have a year but we will
have from one to five colonies diseased. It never got very
extensive with us in southern California.

Mr. Francis — In Colorado we have a great deal of this
paralysis. It seems to affect the bees before the honey-flow,
and when the honey begins to come in it disappears. But
this season seems to be an exception. Nearlv all my colonies
show it. We have lost quarts and qviarts of bees.

As a practical answer to the question as to the com-
monness of the disease Dr. Miller suggests that the members
who are familiar with it arise, and at his response some
twentv-five or more stood up.

Mr. Taylor — I have had a little trouble but exceedingly
little. I have only had one or two cases. In the spring I
had a colony troubled with disease and I removed the queen

and gave the colony a new queen. When I removed the
queen I put her in a cage and kept her for a few days till
some one came along and wanted a queen. I said, "I have
no queens to sell; I haven't any more than I want, but I
have a queen here that I have just removed because the
colony was diseased. If you want the queen take her along
and try her." In the course of three or four weeks my
bees were all free of the disease and my friend came back
and told me his colony to which he had introduced the queen
had contracted the disease ; showing that the queen had
something to do with the disease.

Dr. Bohrer — How long after the introduction did they
c-ntract it?

Mr. Taylor — Four or five weeks.

Prof. Benton — My own experience had been very limited,
but it has been reported to the Department of Agriculture
from a good many States, principally Texas, Colorado, Cali-
fornia, Florida and Pennsylvania. I recall those now, and
there are others. It was particularly virulent in Texas, Colo-
rado and California.

Dr. Miller — -There is one question that comes up with
regard to this which possibly might throw a little light on
the treatment of the diseases. In general the disease is not
bad. My bees have had the disease many and many a time,
and I do not mind it at all ; it doesn't amount to anything.
Down South it is a very serious thing. Why is it so much
worse in the South than in the North?

Mr. Poppleton — I had the disease fully as malignant
in the North — in northern lowa-^as I ever had it in the
South. The first winter it came the old bees continued dying
all the time and continued for several months with no new
brood being reared. Of course, with the old dying all winter,
before the spring comes, there are no bees, and the disease
cannot be distributed further. I know of no other reason
why it has been so. The only difference in the South is
with the weather; there it continues year in and year out.
and there is no interval of brood-rearing.

Mr. France — I found another trouble that so closely re-
sembled bee-paralysis that some of us may get conflicting
ideas. I found it in Wisconsin, and by reports I learned that
there is the same thing in Missouri, Illinois and Iowa, and
straight on through to New York, and almost at identically
the same time of the year. The characteristic points of it
are, first, we see a colony that is unusually strong, and in
three days' time it has depopulated from half to two-thirds
of all the bees, both young and old bees leaving home. On
close examination out in the grass from two to six and sonie-
times twenty feet away we find here and there a bee running
as if something was after it. It comes to a blade of grass
and tries to climb it and makes an effort to fly and falls
down again. With paralysis there is more of a tendeiicy as
it travels to travel slower, and more with a shaky motion to
the body. These do not seem to have time to shake. The
seriousness of it is, it simply depopulates the whole hive, so
much so that in an apiary a little way north of me there was
at least a half or more of all the bees, in three days' time,
gone, just at the opening of the honey-flow. It recovers it-
self in a few days, as fast as the brood can hatch out. and
it re-appears again right in the basswood flow. After finding
it in some of those northern }'ards I returned to my own bees
confident they were all right, but I found it very much all
through, and I kept on going, and going, and seemingly there
was no limit to it in our State. It was the same thing. Be-
fore I got around the circuit it was all over with. The first
yard I went to I understood Mr. Benton sent a man out there
to investigate, but by the time word could get to him and
the man was sent out there, it had quit. But we will be on
the alert and watch for it. To say what caused it I could not
say anything in particular. I took a bee and put it under a
glass, and I could not see any parasitic trouble, and I am
at a loss to know what to call it, for I hardly feel like
calling it paralj-sis.

Mr. Davis — I did not rise when asked because my bees
didn't have the trouble just as you describe it, but^ Mr.
P'rance has described the trouble that I find in my apiaries
in southern Iowa. I didn't know what caused it.

Prof. Benton — There is one point perhaps that Mr.
France has failed to mention. That this case in Wisconsin
k'ould not be ascribed at all to spraying. As Mr. Rankin was
in western Michigan, I requested him before coming to Wash-
ington to go across to Wisconsin to see what he could there.
He arrived a little late ; the disease seems to disappear so
suddenly. He investigated the surroundings, and was con-
fident it was not due to spraying. It was not foul brood;
it was not ordinary paralysis, but there were such peculiar
conditions we should have to conclude it was some form

Jan. 26. 19C5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

71

of paralysis. There is where we have to take it up anotlicr
year and make a thorough investigation to see the cause of it.
He could only make one single suggestion, and that is a mere
idea that entered his head, that possibly between pear-blisht
and this disease there is some connection, because pear-blight
was abundant about this apiary that was so largely affected.
If any one is situated to make observations- of that I shall
be glad to report on it another year.

I.Ir. Hart — I would say our fruit-men do their spraying
in February and the early part of March, and this paralysis
comes on between August :!0 and September 10. We have
what has been spoken of by Mr. France, and also in addition
to that when the bees die they seem to be full of sour watery
stuff.

A Member — I have had some trouble in Colorado, and
Prof. Benton's suggestion that it might be pear-blight in
connection with paralysis reminds me that the worst trouble
I had was with bees located in a pear orchard which was
badly affected with blight. I hadn't thought of connecting
the two diseases, but perhaps that had something to do with
it. It occurs with me usually about the first of May and
continues until October. Mr. France's description of the
disease is identical with my experience. I have eradicated it
in some few cases by changing the queens, but I don't think
it is a reliable remedy.

Mr. France — In reply to Mr. Benton, I also looked after
the spraying conditions north of me. Now in my own locality
I had four pear-trees and that is all I know of, within several
miles of my apiary, and there were none near my out-apiaries,
and they were fully as bad as the others. About twenty miles
almost directly west of this yard in Wisconsin where Mr.
Rankin went, it was fully as bad. and there are no pear-
trees in that vicinity. I question if we dare attribute it to
that. I don't believe spraying has anything to do with it.

Mr. Root — Mr. France describes exactly what I have seen
in various parts of the country, and what I have seen in our
own locality, but usually after the honey-flow. I have seen
one other peculiar symptom accompanied with it, that was
that the bees would be tugging at their abdomens with their
hind legs, and after struggling for some time they would
separate the abdomen from the rest of the body, and they
would be running around in that way. I have seen them
come down in the air, head over heels, in that way, and
apparently had made the separation in the air. I have seen
the separation take place on the sidewalk, and I have watched
them actually dismember themselves, apparently as if in a
good deal of pain. I sent a few specimens to Mr. Benton,
and if I remember rightly. Prof. Wiley found a slight trace
of poison. Whether they had gathered anything that poisoned
them or not I cannot say.

Mr. Poppleton — Mr. Laws was asking about the prev-
alence of the disease. You cannot pick up a single volume
of any of our bee-papers but what you will find reference
to it. I get letters from different States in the Union asking
about it. Mr. Ford lost his entire apiary, and another gentle-
man down in Florida almost went out of business. It is
scattered universally. The form I speak of is exactly iden-
tical with what I had in Iowa. I think Mr. Benton tells me
they call it the ''May disease" in Europe, because it is more
prevalent then. It is spoken of in the Australian journals.
It cost me 10,000 pounds of honey one year ; it costs me a
little something every year: it is costing now a great deal.
It is exceedingly erratic in its operations. You cannot tell
anything about it; it seems to respond to one kind of thing
at one time and to another at some other time. My own
impression is that one of the worst troubles is through the
queen, and I have entirely refrained from ordering a queen
from outside of my apiaries, because of the danger of bring-
ing it in. Not with the queens themselves, but their prog-
eny. The more experience we have with it the more we
know we don't know about it.

Mr. Krebs — I have talked with a very prominent bee-
keeper of Texas on the subject of paralysis, and he told me
he could not figure it out in any sense, and all he did for it
was simply to wait until the honey-flow commeticed. It is a
spring disease, and when the honey-flow comes it passes off.
It will come back the next spring in some cases and in others
it does not.

H. Stewart — There arc many here vitally interested in
the subject of foul brood, and in a private interview with
Mr. C. Stewart, of New York, he has outlined a treatment
that has not been touched upon at all and if we ask him he
would take the floor and describe his treatment. It is a
treatment to be carried on this fall.

Mr. WhitcoiTib — Among swine-breeders there arc nbout
twenty or thirtv different kinds of diseases which wo at-

tribute to cholera. Among cattle we know they go out and
get something that kills them. We attribute all these dis-
eases that bees are heir to, to bcc-paralysis which we do not
attribute to foul brood. Now we need to understand our-
selves and define what it is. I have had two cases. In the
first case I superseded the queen, and she built up the finest
colony I eversaw. The next had shown symptoms of coball-
ic poison, and I went over to a friend and found he had
left some honey in the cellar, and the flies were there and
he had given them fly-poison. Sometimes they bring in poison
from the fields. We don't know anything about it.

Mr. Poppleton — The idea that it comes on just before
the honey harvest, and goes away just as soon as it is over,
is only partly true. There is always more of it just before
the honey harvest ; when the honey-flow fairly commences
it lessens, but some will carry it right straight through the
honey harvest. There is not any one rule to follow at all.
There is one disease that is known universally as bee-paraly-
sis.

C. Stewart — Perhaps in giving that treatment I ought to-
say sometimes the question is brought up about changing the
hives. We treat those bees right in the same hive, providing
you don't leave any comb or honey there. Some of
our people have gathered up the refuse from a hive badly
affected with black brood and sent it to our bacteriologist at
Cornell University, and he was unable to obtain a culture
from it, showing there were no living germs after it reached
hiin. With reference to the treatment I was asked to give.-
it is, at the end of the honey season when all brood-rearing
has ceased — depending on where you are located — when there
is no brood in the hive you can take all the combs from the
diseased hive and give them a clean set of combs from some
healthy hive, and when the spring comes you will find that
the disease has disappeared, there being no brood there to
continue the disease, and there being no honey except what
little they take in their honey-sacs with them, and that being
consumed before the brood is reared again you will find the
colony in nice shape.

Mr. Poppleton — The most important point in my entire
paper not one has touched on. and that is the method of
curmg bee-paralysis by transferring the brood and building
up another healthy colony. I think that will be far more
satisfactory. It has the advantage of ridding the apiary from
all signs of the disease.

Pres. Harris — It is almost utterly impossible for me at
this time to name a committee of two from each State in-
terested in bee-culture, but through the bee-papers, it may
be well at no distant date to take this up and correspond
with both the president, and the others and make suggestions
and I will then forward the committee to the Manager and
he will iiotify these people who have been appointed, so that
they will be ready to do their duty.

Mr. Haines — I would like to have some of the experts
explain the treatment of pickled brood.

C. Stewart — I am not so well posted on that as I am on
black brood. We have a disease near Syracuse that differs
a little from the old-time pickled brood that was pickled in
its own juice. This seems to have dried down, and when
the proper time comes for the larvas to be capped over it
simply straightens out in the cell and the head turns black,
and to distinguish it we call it "neglected brood," because we-
find a great deal of it in the time of a droutli. when honey is
coming in very slowly. We find apiaries badly depleted to a
great extent : that is the most trouble we have had with
pickled brood in New York State.

Mr. Davis — I think pickled brood troubles only black-
German bees. I have been troubled somewhat with it. I
don't think it is seriolis at all. It is like the bee-moth. By
introducing the Italian bees it will disappear almost en-
tirely.

Mr. Haines — I have to differ from the gentleman on that.
I have as good an Italian queen as you would wish to see;
there are two colonies that swarmed from it last year and
they are both affected with it. Mr. France examined some
yesterday from St. Clair Count}', and pronounced it pickled
brood, and he says it will dwindle down imtil there is no
brood at all. That is my experience. I don't say we have
much foul brood, but we are just as bad off with pickled
brood.

No. 150 — I was badly scared over this business this year,
myself. I found it in one of my apiaries and in very bad
shape; found it had depleted two-thirds of the combs in the
hive ; the colony would be affected all over and in perhaps-
a very bad shape, two-thirds of it would be entirely destroyed.
I wrote to the President of our National .'\ssociation and he
told me that they needed protection and feed. I went to

72

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905.

work and contracted the entrance to my hives. I had them
on the Miller bottom-board and the entrance wide open. I
contracted the entrance and fed liberally, and the disease has
entirely disappeared. I also went to an apiary where there
were Italian bees, and I narrowed the entrance to those hives,
and shut them down where they were warm, and fed them
with sugar syrup, and the disease has entirely disappeared.

No. 152 — In my experience with this pickled brood I be-
lieve it to be black brood in its incipiency. From the causes
given by most of the experts on pickled brood they tell us that
it becomes so by being neglected. I found it in Colorado
with a little honey, and I found it in medium colonies with
a little honey, and in those that have plenty of honey ; I found
it in the honey-flow and I found it in the very strongest of
colonies, exactly what Mr. France showed me yesterday, and
said it was pickled brood, and he gave me a very severe look
when I told him it was black brood. I followed a case down
from just one or two cells of so-called pickled brood in the
apiary till you could see it develop into the most malignant
case of black brood in all stages, from very few cells to others
entirely dead from disease. I think the locality must have
something to do with it. , , . ,

J. C. Stewart— This gentleman stated that his bees re-
covered after they began to feed. I would like him to state
if the bees had plenty of honey in the hive at the same time?
No. 159 — Yes, but it was sealed honey.
J. C. Stewart— I believe bees can uncap honey about as
well as anybody else. I had thirty cases of this pickled brood
at one time in New York. I had it once last year and again
this year; about five cases this year; and at no time have my
bees been short of feed, and I have not fed anything to help
them get rid of the disease, nor did I kill a single queen, and
for three years previous to that I fought foul brood, hammer
and tongs, night and day, in fifty or sixty colonies. I know
it has no connection with foul brood whatever. I know these
thirty colonies have had pickled brood, and they got well and
I never lifted a finger to help them in any way.

C. Stewart — I don't think you will find that pickled brood
will ever develop into black brood or foul brood. The con-
ditions that prevail may be as favorable to the development
of black brood as of pickled brood.

Mr. Rhees— I have had some experience with pickled
brood. Some four or five years ago I got quite alarmed. In-
variably they got low during the season. I came to the con-
clusion' that pickled brood was simply the death of the larvae.
I understand it is caused by some life that grows in the
matter that is decaying. Nearly all diseases are caused by
some kind of life. I believe when the conditions are favor-
able to pickled brood they have it. When feed is poor or the
weather cold, or the bees cannot get water, or something that
is needed to feed this young larvae, it dies. When conditions
are favorable in the hive the percentage of deaths is small, and
the bees pull them out before we ever see them at all. I
believe the larvse die in our colonies ; if the larvae are removed
immediately we do not see any pickled brood. If they die in
large quantities we commence to be alarmed at the situation.
In some instances where the vitality of the queen isverylow
and a colony gets to the hives, and the brood is already
started, the bees get behind and they cannot catch up, and
the disease will finally kill the colony in some instances. I
do not believe pickled brood is contagious in the same sense
as foul brood. The only way we can cure it is by keeping the
vitality above it, and the conditions of the bees good.

Pres. Harris — As your presiding officer I do not know
that in my life I have ever felt prouder to preside over a
deliberative body of ladies and gentlemen than I have Jhis
one. It has been one of the most harmonious meetings I
have experienced in all walks through -life We are all stars
in the universe, some shine brighter than others. Wemaynot
all walks on paths of flowers, some of us have thorns in those
paths and walks in life, but by our goodness, and by casting
aside our selfishness, we live to better the conditions of one
another. I should say to you here that the saddest time I
have is when I say good-bye to those I have been associated
with. in a meeting of this kind, and when today I say fare-
well to you, it is not a farewell forever, because I expect to
meet many of you again. But before next year many of those
who are here — I hope not — will go over to their last Home
on the other side of the river, and I hope before you leave
you will have a hearty hand-shake, you will come in touch
with one another and get down to that point in life where
good Christian people get — while I may not be one of them,
I believe in it — that you may assemble together and do unto
others as you would have them do unto you. That is the
proper thing in life. Do not, when you go away from here,
fix up your little slates for the next officers ; look at this from

a sincere standpoint; do your duty. If anyone writes you a
circular, use your own judgment, and then in the future you
will have an organization that will not go on in a selfish
channel for one or two cliques that may be there, but for the
whole interest, for the whole bee-fraternity of the United
States. Always bear this in mind, and you will have done
a good thing in life. I want to say another word in con-
clusion. Do not forget our bee-papers, that you may get
proper education. They do much to upbuild our industry.

Mr. Taylor — If there is no other business I move the
convention adjourn sine die.

The President put the motion, which on a vote having
been taken was declared carried, and the convention ad-
journed at 12:30 o'clock p. m., Sept. 30.

(Dnv'Sxskv

j^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, lU.

An Elder Sister's Experience— Robbep-Cloth.

I am 70 years old and my sister is 60. When I started
with the bees I expected to interest the younger members
of the family, but have failed in that. Three of them are
away from home, and the one that is left has more than
enough to do, for in the summer months, when we have to
work the most with the bees, we have tourists with us, and
then in the hot season my strength seems to fail me. Last
season I was so slow in my work with the bees that three
of the children of our visitors g'ot stung.

Only one colony came through the winter in good con-
dition, but it did splendidly. It built up fast, and was very
strong, being four stories high. I got more honey from
that colony than I had taken from the 5 before. They were
so orderly, so well-behaved, so intent on their own business,
so watchful for enemies.

But how was I to get to the bottom of the " castle " for
queen-cells ? I meant to divide it into 3 and give each a
queen-cell, which would have been an easy enough thing to
do if I had had an assistant, for I could hardly lift one of
those frames full of honey and bees. I took away the full
combs of honey, and the frames containing brood I put into
a new hive. But when I got to the second story they just
seemed to say, " Hands off ! you shall go no further ". So
I shut them up with full supers of empty combs, and with-
out a single queen-cell ; and, what was worse still, when I
went to take away the full supers the bees had taken pos-
session, and were transferring the honey into their hive. I
had been far too slow, but they had not. They were mas-
ters of the field, and knew it. too. When I objected and
brushed them off the combs, they were very angry. How-
ever, they took care of the new colony and sent a nice
swarm into it, making it almost as strong as itself.

I have been too " careful and troubled " like Martha,
being seldom free from " bees in my bonnet ". I am trying^
now to free myself from this. I may keep one or two colo-
nies on the let-alone plan until I see if my strength comes
back. In the meantime I must rid myself of carking care
and "be careful for nothing ". A Sister.

Muskoka, Ont., Dec. 10.

After the interesting experience you have had it is
greatly to be hoped that returning strength may allow you
to keep in the ranks. Indeed, when the true virus of bee-
fever is in the veins one is not likely ever to be freed from
it. Are you sure that interest in the bees is not the very
thing to preserve and increase your strength 7 It's the
other cares, the indoor cares, that are the carking ones, and
the care of the bees helps one to let go of the others. At 70
quite a number are still active in the business, some of them
producing their thousands of pounds of honey.

When taking away those full combs of honey it would
have been an excellent thing to have used a robber-cloth to
throw over the combs, thus preventing the bees from get-
ing started to rob. When once they get thoroughly started
robbing it makes them furious, and they act like so many
little demons, demoralizing the whole apiary. The best
way is to watch out that they do not get the least start, and
a robber-cloth handy to throw over any exposed honey is a
big help in that direction.

Jan. 26, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

73

^J^]MI3S3R][eAlHr^.^

*\>.

PUBLISHED ^TEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK S COMPANY

3S4 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

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Objects of the Association,
ist.— To promote the Interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
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Sd.-To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
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Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

Ctoneral Manatjer and Treasurer -

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B *^o 00 J9A8i^ I -

a

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried altnost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enou^-h for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
daced me to get mine. Frei-> Fodner.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers*

J^cports anb
Experiences

Enthusiastic About Bees.

I am only a " sTuall potato '', but I am get-
ting mighty enthusiastic about bees. I lost
all I had last winter, but I bought 8 more
colonies and increased to 39 strong colonies,
which I have in the cellar where they seem
quite comfortable.

The cellar is one built specially for them,
and, of course, to my mind it is just right. I
studied Miller, Bingham, Doolittle, Koot, and
others, and then made one to suit my sur-
roundings and myself.

I was very sorry not to be able to meet with
the Chicago-Northwestern Association when
they held their annual convention, as I had
hoped to do, and see with my own eyes, and
shake hands with and talk to some of the
noted bee-keepers of whom I have read with
so much interest. But with us farmers busi-
ness is always pressing at that time (or any
other), so I shall be content for another year
to read what they write in the bee-papers.

Berrien Co., Mich., Dec. 6 E. L. Hall.

A Fortunate Beginner— Successful
Season witli the Bees.

Last spring a man bought 3 colonies of bees
from me, and increased to 6, securing 600
pounds of honey. How's that for a beginner?
I have induced him to subscribe for the " Old
Reliable". He has the bee-fever all right, and
I think will be a good bee-keeper in a short
time.

I had 13 colonies spring count, increased to
19, secured about 200 pounds of comb honey
and 2000 pounds of extracted. The best col-
ony stored 275 pounds. This is a good strain
of bees, and I expect to breed from them in
the spring.

The bees are wintering well so far. They
had a good flight yesterday.

A. J. Freeman.

Neosho Co., Kans., Dec. 31.

Cellar-Wintering of Bees.

Last spring I had 80 colonies left out of 87
which I put into winter quarters in the fall.
I sold 40 of them and built up to 45 colonies.

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0"^ ^ T ▼ '*!-' T ▼▼▼▼▼▼ I
4A23t Pie.-. ; mentloa the Bee Journal.

Jumbo Corn

I the ure&t corn for cattle feeders Ears a foot I
I lonK, rich in oi;. easily broken or crushed. |
I An enormous yielder. Made 119 bii. per acre!
I on my trial (rrounds, outyleldiDK all of thegg
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B' If you want corn that will outyleld every- HP
thlnpr In the neighborhood try these two. J'
Samplfs ir«e for the asking. 1 will also send II
"""you my new catalog of seed corn, seed HL
pt>tatot.-8, garden eseds. and In fact all ■!
kinds of BeedL bat the poor kinds. — -

HENRY FIELD. Saidtman

IBOI SO

Shinandoah. la.

"27i6 ear seed corn 7rtun.'

Please mexitlon Bee Journal 'when writliu&

Dr. Whitten gives

Fruit Answers Free

Thf Fruit (intwrr has an important depart-
ment in evt-ry Issue — "(^iitHtirjn^ and An-
ywerH" - wliit-h often Cakes up six columns.
If H for tlie t'xcluelve use of subscrlberB to

6T JOSE^PH MISSOUR.I

whri pet Iritelltpent •nswers to any ques-
tionn oQ grafting, planting, epraylng, in-
aect peats, etc. Many of them are always
answered completely by Dr. J. ('. Whitten,
the proiuinentfruit authority, Horttcultur-
iet at the Missouri Experiment Station,
Every live fruit - grower and farmer
should receive every number of The Fruit*
Groii'i'r. You get dollars worth of benefit
for fiOc a year. Send 2r>c and names
of 10 persons interested In fruit-
growing for a year's trial.
Eastern Edition for States
east of Ohio.

The Pruit-Grower Co. ,
KOOS. 7th, St. Joseph, Mo.^

Please mention Bee Journal 'wlien 'writlnSi

Millions of Vesretables.

When tlie Editor read 10,000 plants for
16c, he could hardly believe it, but upon
second reading finds that the John A.
Salzer Seed Co., La Crosse. Wis., than
whom there are no more reliable and ex-
tensive seed growers in the world, makes

this ofTer which is made to get you to

test Salzer's Warranted Vegetable Seeds.
They will send you their big plant and

seed catalog, together with enough seed

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2,0(10 rich, juicy Turnips,

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1,000 gloriously brilliant Flowers,

ALL FOR BUT 16c POSTAGE,
providing you will return this notice, and
if you will send them 20c in postage, they
will add to the above a package of fa-
mous Berliner Cauliflower. fF.P.]

Please mention Bae Joomal wben 'writliia

74

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905.

566-SliPDll6S!

Discount tor Early Orders

We carry a larffe stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
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LnSTRATED CATALOG, and

read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AOENCIES.-Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,Neb. ; Shugart & Ouren, Council BlnfEs.Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers. Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFO. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

Piei">e mentioii Bee Jotrmai wnen wrltang.

iSc Each-Bee-Eotrance Gaards-Sc. |

■$ This device is placed before the entrance to prevent the q ueen from coming ^

• ^ out during swanning-time, or for excluding drones. fc

■^ Every bee-hive should be supplied. Each 8 cents, ^'.

^ It is to your advantage to send lor our prices on other SUPPIiIES. We ^-^

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MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^:

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Lowest prices and quick service.
"Send us your orders and find out.

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That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bbll Branch, Wavnb Co., Mich

but secured only 832 pounds of comb honey.
The past season was not nearly so good as
that of 1903, as in that year I had 37 colonies
in the spring, increased to 87 colonies, and se-
cured 4310-X pounds of comb honey.

I put the bees into the cellar Nov. 25 in good
condition. Last winter I left 15 colonies out-
of-doors as I had not room for them in the
cellar. I lost 1 out of the 15, 1 in the cellar,
and 5 from spring dwindling. I use the 10-
frame dovetailed hives.

My plan in wintering is to nail the bottoms
on the hives, leaving a % entrance. I keep
the dead bees away from the entrance with a
wire hook, and the cellar is as dry as a
powder-house. We have the bees, vegetables,
etc., all in the same cellar, and I keep the
thermometer as near to 45 degrees as I can.

It has been very dry here for two months,
but we had 5J4 inches of snow on the 11th,
which I think will be a help to white clover.

I live in a town of 800 inhabitants. I have
my hives arranged from 6 to 8 feet apart in
straight rows, all on stands 4 inches high,
with 10-inch alighting-boards. I do not allow
any weeds or grass to grow 2 inches high.
E. B. Pritchbtt.

Warren Co., Iowa, Deo. 15.

i DITTMER'S FOUNDATION |

A IS THE BEST §

Will tell you why if y6u will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES, g

EARLY ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES. S

Whoi.ksalk and Retail. S

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. %

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. 0

C;US OIXXMER, Aiigosta, Wis, g

fiease meuUon Bee Journal "when writing

The Problem of Wintering Bees.

Under this heading the American Bee Jour-
nal publishes an article in the issue of Dec.
22. From the experience I have gained dur-
ing the last few years I can only say that the
writer deserves great credit for the practical
hints he gives to bee-keepers concerning ven-
tilation. His advice can not be neglected by
bee-keepers, without loss on their part. The
bees must be kept warm, but they must also
have plenty of fresh air, and how to combine
these two is to solve a problem that is very
important, especially to young bee-keepers.
Before I knew how to prepare bees for winter

Beardless Barley

The barley ofyour dreams;
no beards; easy to harvest;
always bi? Yielding. Mr.
Wells, of Orlcan-s Co., S.Y.,
threshed 111 bu. per acre.
You cau beat this ia 1905 if
jou try. ^_^^

National Oats

The marvel and wonder
in oats. Will yield for yoo
on your own furni from 150
to36obu. in 1905. Try It,

^ Billion DpIlarCrass
and Teoslnte

The two greatest forage

flants of the century. Bil-
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tons of green fodder per acre.
Catalog letla about it.

Look At These Yields

Speltz, 80 bu. ffraln
per aore. and 4 tons
of hay bcitldeM.

MooaronI Wheat,
Bunt Proof, HO bu.

Victoria Rape, 40
tons of jrrcen food per
acre.

Pea Oat, 85 tons.

EarllcHt Sweet Cane,
60 tonpicreen food.

Potatoes, 800 bu.
per acre.

Now euch prodigal yieldi
pnv. You always get them
when planting fealecr's
Seeds. __^__

Onion Seed 60c

a pound, and other vegeta-
ble seeds just as low. Wo
I are the larcest Vegetable
f Seed growers in the world,
operating 5ilOO acres.

$10.00 for 10c

VTe wish vou to try our
i greatFnrm Seeds, henceoffer
to send vou a lot of Kami
■ Seed Saniplea, fully worth
' 110.00 to get a start, together
WW with our great seed catalog, all
^'^for hut liic, postage, if you men-
tion this paper.

Lacrosse

JohnASalzerSeedCo.'- w7t

Please mention Bee Journal •whea wrttbui

Jan. 26, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

75

I had great losses, therefore I will explain
how I winter them on their summer stands.

In the fall when cooler weather comes — af-
ter the first frost — I select a day which is not
windy, for bees do not like to have their hives
opened on a cool and windy day. I lift the
cover slightly, and blow in sufficient smoke
to make the bees leave the top-bars. Then I
place over the top-bars a wire screen large
enough to cover them well. After doing this
I place an empty box on top of the hive filled
with excelsior (very fine shavings) about 6
inches deep, or enough to shut off the cold
air. The boxes I use for this purpoie are the
same as those I use for hiving bees, and are
about 9 inches high. The best cover to use
on the box is board strips nailed together,
leaving between each strip about '4-inch
space, through which dampness which ie
caused by the sweat of the bees, may escape.
Then the roof is placed over all. The box is
placed on the hive and fastened on 4 sides
with small staples. To drive them in with a
hammer is not advisable. They can be pressed
in when the holes are pierced with an awl.
The joints between the top-bars and the hive
can be daubed with a little mortar if neces-
sary.

A hive prepared in this manner needs only
a small entrance; if the temperature goes be-
low zero, 1J-2X''m will be about the size. Un-
der certain conditions more space is advisable.
This will ventilate the hive well, and dispel
all moisture, and in the spring the bees will
be found in a healthy condition with no
moldy combs, which I found so often before
using this method. When bees are prepared
for winter in this way the excelsior in the
box must remain dry, and if it gets wet from
exhalations it indicates that the flight-hole
should be enlarged.

Bro. Alphonse Vbith.

Spencer Co., Ind.

Getting Unflnished Sections Filled.

When I have unfinished sections at the
close of the honey season I put then on good,
strong colonies and feed extracted honey,
and they fill them up. It pays to feed honey
rather than sugar. Dr. J. Archer.

Santa Barbara Co., Calif., Dec. 11.

LaboFingr Under Dlffleulties.

I put 8 co'onies of bees into winter quar-
ters in 1903, but they all died before spring. I
then bought a colony, but it was very weak.
by August it had built up pretty strong and
swarmed. I fed it about a pint of syrup a
<Jay until fall. One large swarm came to me,
and I bought a few colonies. I also had
another old colony in the spring which was
strong, but did not swarm until August. I
fed it and kept it at work all the time. When
the first super was about half full I put
another one under it, and so on, and in the
fall I had nearly 100 sections filled.

I now have ~ colonies in good condition for
winter. A. S. Beilbb.

Lancaster Co., Pa., Dec. 16.

DeLuxe Comb Honey.

On page 19 of Gleanings in Bee Culture for
this year, Mr. Titoil has given us something
of more than usual importance. I, for one,
believe there is altogether too much labor and
expense attached to the production of comb
honey in small sections. Improvement in
methods ought to be in the direction of sim-
plicity and economy, but the tendency has
been too much the other way.

Mr. Titoft makes a very strong point when
he says that much more honey will be pro-
duced in a given time by the use of shallow
frames than with sections. I know that the
work of producing fancy honey in sections
is fascinating. It is nice work when one
have only a few colonies, but only a few of
the larger bee-keepers in the country will
bother with sections at all.

I can see one point that was not mentioned
directly in the article referred to. The boxes
could be used over and over again for honey.
Sections are never used the second time, and
very few shipping-cases are saved for a second
shipment. I say, let us maks a fair trial of

BEE-SDPPLIES 8

Root's Goods aiRoot'sfTlGes^

h

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. ^a

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service X

Low Freight Rates Catalog Free V

I ^^^Hr POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service X

_f ^^^^ Low Freicht Rates Catalog Free W

s

8 You are entitled to Special Discounts for Early Orders till April first. #•

8 WftLTER S. rOUDER, 8

X 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. N

4

§ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. a

i ot;R HI^T^ES AND SEOTIOlSrS «

0 Are Perfect In Workmanship and Materia!.

8 By sending in your order now, you will. SAVE MONEY, and

S secure prompt shipment.

A ^e will allow yon a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent la during January. 0

1 PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. I's a |

-FOR- Y^OXJR,-

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

-SBND TO THE-

Sheboygan Fr«lt-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders till Jan. 1, 1905.

l\13t

THE BEST THERE IS.

Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealing people, want the BEST of goods, the BEST of
service in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and the BEST of everything connected
with getting their Supplies; the VERV BEST that can possibly be given for the money is
necessary to give enure satisfaction and what all should have.

To absolutely please bee keepers in filling their wants has been our constant aim for
eight years, and whfte we do not boast about ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by
nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fail to write to us and tell ns your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis' Oooda at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL DISCOUNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

®a4^i^e«s*aet

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

^ We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.

"the harsh field nANUFACTURINO CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

76

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905^,

TREES THAT

Hardy varieties. ^_.
hip crops. Grafted
Apple, 4Mc ; Budded
Peach, 3Kc;Bla"'-
Locust Seed
ings, tl per

1000; Con-
cord Grapes,
! per 100. SVe
,.~j the freight.
Catalop. English
man. free.
. NURSERIES
Beatrice. Neb.

-^VAI\XEI>-

An experienced man to work with bees.
Wages, $35 per month, including board. Also
joung man IS or 20 years of age who wishes
to learn practical bee-keeping; position by
year; wages $15 per month, including board.
No drones need apply.
DR. GEO. D. MITCHELL & CO., OGDEN, UTAH.
4A21 Please mention the Bee Journal.

I ^ 200 Ega
^•INCUBATOR

Perfect in conBtruction bd(I
action. Batches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-d»y. <

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. Ill

Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and oug^ht to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pag'es, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-

can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we wUl
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILI..

the tin boxes. The package that bee-keepers
adopt and use is the one that will please the
public.

It is our fault, not the fault of the trade or
of the consumer, that any sections 'lighter
than 1}4 pounds were ever put on the market.
The half-pound section has been advocated,
but the craft had a little too much good sense
to be drawn in on that fad. I hope to hear
from others on this question.

Crawford Co., Wis. Harry Laterop.

[The article referred to advocated bulk
comb honey put up in tin boxes with fancy
illustrations printed on them. It is an idea
much in vogue among bee-keepers in Russia.
— Editor.]

Wintering Bees— Nice Weatlier.

My crop of honey for 1904 was 11,000
pounds. Sixty-three colonies have been in
the cellar since the first day of December, and
63 kre packed in wheat-straw on the summer
stands, besides the 20 colonies at the out-yard
packed. I had not the room in the bee-cellar
for all, so I divided them by two as an experi-
ment, or rather because I had to. I am now
digging a new cellar, to be ready for another
season.

We have had most beautiful weather all the
fall and thus far into the winter, except two or
three little cold-snaps. The last has just
ended, being much the worse. Some three
days of high wind, and ofttimes a blinding
snow-storm with zero temperature, and for
awhile 15 degrees below, made one think of
"homestead" times.

The bees had a splendid flight yesterday,
and a light one the day before, and it bids
fair tor another to-day. There are a few
snow-drifts left from the recent storm.

Sioux Co., Iowa, Jan. 1. F. W. Hall.

Poorest Season in 35 Years.

I have been familiar with the appearance of
the inside of hives of bees for the past 35
years, and I never saw such poverty-stricken
hives and combs after the end of -July as the
past season. Thie is a little hard on one who
depends upon his bees and sale of honey as a
sole income.

I have taken 450 pounds of extracted honey
from 80 colonies, from extracting-supers, and
the light hives need that amount, or more,
distributed among them to-day. I must get
to feeding in earnest. I have already fed 150
pounds of granulated sugar syrup.

Walter Harmer.

Manistee Co., Mich., Dec. 30.

Late Brood-Rearing— Bee-Stings—
Overliauling tlie Hives.

Would it not be well to try to get brood
reared, say as late as the last of September,
so that there would be a considerable number
of young bees to go into winter quarters that
would not die before spring? And how can
this be done?

Some one asked why there are so many
dead bees in front of his hives so early in the
season. Dr. Miller said he didn't know.
May it not be that they died of old age? If
the greater part of the bees die this way be-
fore March, brood-rearing will be delayed b3-
cause there will not be sufficient bees to pro-
tect it, and the result will be weak colonies in
the spring.

Of course with such full colonies in the
fall more honey will be required to keep
them through the winter. But what if it does
take an extra frame of honey, these late-
hatched bees will become producers next
spring.

I notice accounts of some peculiar effects of
bee-stings are given in the Journal. I read
some months ago of a man who became in-
sane from the effects of being stung. Re-
cently I read of a man who, after eating quite
freely of honey, was seized with severe
cramps, from which he died.

The iiest local remedy I can use for stings
is turpentine. Have several vials of it scat-
tered about. Apply immediately after scrap-
ing off the sting.

Does the overhauling of the brood-chamber.

^ PROGRESS^

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best
all-aronnd SO-cent monthly bee-journal
in America. On trial 3 months for this
ad. with 10 cents. Clubbed with this pub-
lication both for one year for $1.25; or
send us 25 cents for a 3 months' trial and
your name and address on a 2-line rub-
ber stamp; self-inking pad, 25c extra.
Or send $1.00 and get The Rural Bee-
Keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents get lib-
eral terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells them at reasonable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
\V. H. PUTNAM.
Dept. so-C. River Falls, Wis.

lAtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

lO CENTS a YBAR.

TUG

Dixie Home

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
ziNB In the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce It ONLY.
It is bright and up-
o-daie. Telia all about Southern Home Life,
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
luildings and famous people. Send at once.
Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ida and Mexico. Six years, 50c Or, clubs of
6 namps, 50c; 12for$l. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps talten. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
24A48t No. 75. Birmingham, Alabama.

BEE-KEEPERS!

Send me your orders for
BEE-SUPPLIES for next
year's use, and get the discount : Oct., 6 percent;
Nov., 5 percent; Dec, 4 percent. The above dis-
count does not apply to honey-packages. Send
for catalog. W. J.McCarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa
44Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Sure Healer

For old sores on horses or cattle, such as
scratches, cracked heels^ collar sores, or any
old or new cuts. Every farmer has the remedy
at home. Will send recipe for 50 cents, coin
or stamps. Address, O. FRITZ.
4Alt Box 17, Proctor, Minn.

FAr^Q From 70 Varieties

I 1 It 1*1 of Thoroughbred Fowls ^iven
^^V^V^^^ as premiums for getting- snb*

scribers to 25 leading Poultry Journals,, etc.

Address, SUBSCRIPTION AGENCY. Pricks, Pa.

Concerning Incubators. — There are several
good incubaiors on the market and they are of-
lered at very reasonable prices, in fact they
are so very low that we are surprised that every
family raising poultry does not have one. But
there is one machine that seems to be in a class
all by itself, and all on account of one feature,
and a most important one, too — a removable
chick-tray and nursery. After the chicks are
hatched they drop into the chick-tray below
the eggs, and when the hatch is all over this
tray can be pulled out like a drawer and the lit-
tle chicks carried to the brooder without hand-

ling. By taking out this tray the wliole interior
of the machine is exposed. Every nook and
corner is in sight and can be "thoroughly,
quickly and easily cleaned. The incubator re-
ferred to is the Gem, made by the Gem Incuba-
tor Co., box 52, Dayton, Ohio. They have a
new, large and profusely illustrated catalog
that is free for the asking, if you mention the
American Bee Journal. Send a postal to-day.

Please mentloti Bee Journal
when wrltlne advertisers.

Jan. 26, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

77

M A SOLID FOUNDATION ^

1*^ MEANS /

.i A SOLID HOUSE. V^

5 DADANT'S FOUNDATION I

^ Solid, Straight, Well-Built Combs. ^

''.W'^ 'if? ^? ''if!*

4 iio.ooo Pounds ''^^'in' f^oT.^'"^ J^

^ Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-Keepers' SuDplles r

L m^%^ OF ALL KINDS. W

S BEESWAX WANTED at all times. Ho H a t-i -f J^ ^f\^ c- f
/ Send for our 1905 Catalog. l^dUdll L tV *::^U11^ J.

^ HAMILTON, ILL. |V

'•«asft mentaoii Ben Jonmai wnen 'wnone

The Novelty Pocket=Kiiife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on the other side.

CThis Cut is tub txjuL Size op the Knifb.]

Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say Jost what name and
Address you wish put on the Knlte.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a dorelty. The noTelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Qaeen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife Is of the very best qnality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest Eng-llsh razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish <)f the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage. ^

> Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner win never recover it; but if the "Novelty" is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the *'' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and Id
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento conld a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cxxi gives a faint Idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thls^autiful knife, as tty* ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Oet this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give It as a Premium to th«
one sending us \ hree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with f-v-JO.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Joarnal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK d CO.

4VPlease allor* '^boat two week, for toot koife order to be ailed.

ChkagOblU

when bees are working in the sections (to cut
out queen-cells, for example), cause any con-
siderable lessening of the amount of honey
stored '. I suspect it does. The matter ought
to be looked into, for in some methods to pre-
vent swarming there is considerable monkey-
ing with the brood-combs.
Allen Co., Ind., Jan. 3. D. McCarthy.

Golden Italians -
Tongued Bees-

Feeding — Long-
Plain Sections.

I notice that a good many people condemn
the golden Italian bees. I have one colony
that is a heautiful golden in the summer-
time, and it is the third swarm that issued
from the parent hive. I intended to put them*
back, but they had a fine queen, and as they
were few in numbers I thought I would let
her have them and see what she would do. ■ I
hived them on two empty combs, and fed
them. In a few days she began to lay, and in
a short time they were a good-sized colony,
and to-day they are hustling to keep up life.
VVhen the first swarm issued from this colony
I took i frames, bees and all, from it to rear
queens from. After all this she filled the 4
empty frames and the bees stored about 36
pounds of good section honey, and the swarm
which issued from this colony has the hive
full of honey and a good winter's supply of
bees, while the /)<»•««( hive filled only 24 sec-
tions. Give me all golden Italians like the 2
I have and they will gather the nectar fast
enough.

I use S-frame dovetailed hives and Hoffman
frames, and have no trouble in handling the
bees. The hives have handholes in the sides,
which I prefer to cleats, as I can stack them
up close together, so that mice, or bugs or
anything of that sort can not get in them. I
have a few of the old Langstroth hives, but
don't like them. They are too deep and the
covers too heavy.

I put supi rs on top of the hives for winter,
and if I have; to feed I fill sections with comb

78

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905.

A HANDY TOOIi-HOIJ>£R !

Sent by Express, for $1.50 ; or with the Bee Journal
one year — both for $2.00.

Every Manufacturer, Miller, Carpenter.
Cabinet Malier, Mactiinlst. Wiieelwrignt and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using a grind-
stone, sliould have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work of two persons, and
grind much faster, easier and with perfect
accuracy. Will hold any kind of tool, from
the smallest chisel to a draw shave or ax.
Extra attachment for sharpening scythe
blades included in the above price. The work
is done without wetting the hands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the opera-
tor. It can be attached to any size stone for
hand or steam power. Is always ready for use,
nothing to get out of order, and is absolutely
mrorth 100 times Its cost.

No farm is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder. Pays
for itself in a short time, j

How to Use the Holder.

Directions.— The Tool is fas-
tened securely In the Holder by
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by insert-
ing^ the arm of the Holder into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard. While turning the
crank with the right hand, the
left rests on an steadies the
Holder ; the Tool is moved to
the right or left across the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as If held In th-s hands.

For grinding Round • Edge
Tools, the holes in the stand-
ard are used Instead of the
notches.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

B66-K66D6rs' SopDlies.

Send for Catalog.

Leahu Mfg. Co., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Il« ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low In price. Fully guaranteed. H || Sind

Send for free catalogue. | fgf

BMTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER, INDMIIl. FlMCltalOf >

Please mention Bee Jonmaj wnen fmomr.

I The Oliver Typewriter

The Standard Visible Writer.

W^ Its Record has never been equaled. A) Art Catalog Free. '

I 168 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO.

Please Mention the Bee Journal Idy^r^r?.?.

in them with syrup, giving these to the bees.
This plan has given good satisfaction. 1 use-
1 part sugar 1 part water, and 1 part honey. I
let this mixture stand for 10 or 13 hours, stir-
ring well and warming it a little at first, so
that it will dissolve nicely. When the sec-
tions are ready I lift the covers from the
hives, set in as many of them as I thinlc best,
and close the hive. The bees soon get used
to this and after they have been carefully
handled a few times they do not fly out.

I have 3 colonies of long-tongued bees, and
they are good ones. They do work on red:
clover, for I and others have found them
working on it. With a glass we could see
them putting their tongues down deep into
the tubes of the red-clover blossoms. As we
watched them work we could plainly see them
lick the nectar out of the blossoms instead of
sucking it, as a great many say they do. They
may suck up syrup or honey, but they lick-
out the nectar first.

I have 54 colonies of bees. I have been a
Ijee-keeper for 13 years, but have not entered
into it so extensively before. In 1903 I started
in the spring with 6 colonies, and put 34 into
winter quarters. In April, 1904, I had 16, and
increased to 54, which were in good conditioik
for winter.

If I were to begin over again I never would!
use anything but plain sections, because they
are easily cleaned and packed, and are neater.
The holders are plain and easily cleaned aniJ
made.

I sell all of my honey at home, charging 15-
cents per section for comb and 10 cents per
pound for extracted. I also get 32 cents per
pound for all the beeswax that I sell near by.

We are on the highest point between the
Illinois River and the Mississippi, and we have
lots of white and sweet clover, but the flow
the past season was about X what it was the
previous year. A. N. Cookb..

Henry Co., 111.

No Rain in Southern California.

Sonthern California is still without raim
enough to do any good, and it looks now as
though we are to have another dry year. Bees-
are still being fed, but their owners are get-
ting a little tired of it.

G. F. Merriam & Son.

San Diego Co., Calif., Dec. 19.

Great Demand for Extracted Honey

I am now running 49 colonies for comb
honey, but I am going to fix up 10 or 13 more
for extracted honey, as the demand for this
article is so great that I can not fill my orders-
from drip honey or from broken comb.

In 1903 I had nearly 6000 pounds of comb-
honey and this, year I secured about 3000>
pounds. Both of these years my honey was
all sold before Deo. 1, and people were asking
for more. I sell all of it direct to the consu-
mers, as the store-keepers will not buy any
unless it is almost given to them.

I have 49 colonies of bees in good condition
in the cellar, and hope for a good season next
year. Chas. Luebeb.

Rock Co., Wis., Dec. 35

NO DIRT kEET

In clothes washed with the
BUSY BEE WASHER"
iieoes in one hour and
lard work done. That's
the record. A^entA
M''anted. Exclusive
sale. ■^Vrite for tertn.i.
BUSY BEE WASHER CO. Box G. ERIE, PA.
Please mention Bee Journal when ■writing

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN OETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Please mention Bee Journali
when writing advertisers.

Jan. 26. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

79

FHSR/FHSCT Ca-OODS I

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

We mannfacture

BEE-SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

(Been at it over 20 years.)

It Is alwayi BEST to buy of the maken.

New Illustrated Catalog Free.

For nearly 14 years we have published

TI16 i flmerican i Bee-Keeper

(Monthly, 50c a year.)

The best magazine for beginners, edited by one

of the most experienced bee-keepers in

America. Sample copy free.

Address,

Tb W. T. FALCONER MFG. COMPANY

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full
line of onr goods at Catalog prices. Order of
him and save the freight.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Wisconsin.— The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet in the Supervisor's
Room in the Court House, at Madison, Feb. 1,
2, 1905. All bee-keepers are invited to attend.

Angnsta, Wis. Gns Dittmek, Sec.

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual convention
Feb. 23d and 24th, at the Eagle Hotel in Grand
Kapids. The Eagle Hotel is located at 65 to 71
Market St., cor. of Lewis St., one block south
of Monroe St. It will give a rate of $1.50 per
day, and furnish a room free for holding the
convention. The Michigan State Dairymen's
Convention will meet in Grand Rapids at the
same time, and advantage may be taken of this
fact to secure reduced rates on the railroads.
When buying your ticket, ask for a certificate
on account of the Dairymen's Convention. The
secretary of the Dairymen's Association will
sign this certificate which will then enable the
bolder to buy a return ticket for one-third fare.
W. Z. HnxcHiNsoN, Pres.

4jsDlSG0UnU0FGD.lSt

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.
Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

48Atf LANSING. MICH.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consig'tiidg'^bnyiiig' or selllofir, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

166 South Water St. Chicago. Ill,

ABSOLUTELY PURE

Extracted Honey FOR SALE!

(In 60-pound Tin Cans. 2 cans
in a box.)

ALFALFA OR BASSWOOD.

Sample of either mailed for 10 cts. to cover
package and postage. Quantity prices on ap-
plication. Address,

THE TORE HONEY COMPANY,

Henry M. Arnd, Mgr.
101 E. Kinzie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

WANTED--HONEY

BEE -SUPPLIES

THE BEST MADE.

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices

Take advantage of the DISCOUNTS allowed on

EARLY orders.

You will SAVE MONEY by buying- from me.

Cincinnati is one of the BEST SHIPPING POINTS.

*^Low6St FreiQlit Rates, Prompt Service and^
Satistactjon Guaranteed.

CATALOG MAILED FREE.

Oil^ce and Salesrooms— '2l'ir.-'j8 Centra I Ave
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves

C R. Hi. Ulebcr.

C1NCINN.-\T1,
OHIO

Please mention Bee Journal -wlien "writiQS

^oncy anb
-V Scc5tpax4^

'^ —

Chicago, Dec. ".—The market is well supplied
with all kinds of honey; the demand is of a
light uatnre. Fancy comb honey brings 14c,
but gnality as well as appearance is necessary;
No. 1 sells at 12!<®13c; off grades difficult to
move at l®3c less. Extracted, choice white,
1®THc; amber, 6(ai7c, with off grades about S4C
per pound. Beeswax, 30c.

R. A. BtTKHBTT Si Co.

Boston, Jan. '). — The market is without
change since last writing. The demand con-
tinues light, and supply is more than ample-
We quote: Fancy white, 16c; A No. 1, ISc; No.l.
14c, with practically oo demand for No. 2. Ex,
tracted, from 6@8c, according to quality.

Blakb, Scott St Lixs,

Kansas City, Jan. 9.— The demand for comb
honey still continues light, as most of the re-
tail dealers were stocked up on $2.25 honey be-
fore the holidays, two cars of which were sold
here at that time. We look for a better market
in the near future, and quote: Fancy comb,
24-section cases, $2.50; No. 1, $2.25. Extracted,
white, per pound, 6(a>6Jic; amber, 5^@6c. Bees-
wax, No. 1, 28(gt30c. C. C. Clbmons <ft Co.

Cincinnati, O., Dec. 19.— Comb honey is now
coming in more freely, and prices if anything
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12@13>4c; single cases, I4c. Ex-
tracted is sold as follows: White clover, in
barrels, 6^c; in cans, 7%@Sc\ amber, in bar-
rels, S5i@S)^c; in cans, 6@6)^c. Beeswax, 27c.
C. H. W. Weber

Philadelphia, Jan. 9.— The market is un-
changed from our last quotations, and trading
light. We quote: Fancy white, lS@l6c; No. 1,.
13@14c; amber, ll@12c Extracted, white, 7@8c;
amber, 6@7c. Beeswax, 26c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm, A. Sblsbr.

Cincinnati, Dec. 30.— Since our last report
was published, the price of extracted honey has^
advanced, no doubt acting in sympathy with
the sugar market. We quote amber extracted
in barrels at 6@6}ic; white clover, in barrels-
and cans, 6)i@SKc. Fancy comb honey, 13@14c-
Beeswax, 28c. Thb Fkbd W.Muth Co.

Albant.N.Y., Dec. 26.— Comb honey is mov-
ing off very well considering the heavy re-
ceipts and cold weather. Prices not as high
as early fall, as usual, but very good yet.
Fancy white, 14@15c; No. 1,13c; mixed, 12@l3c.
Buckwheat, ll@12c; mixed, 10@llc, Extracted,
dark,6®6Xc; light, 6«@7c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
H. R. Wrioht.

San Francisco, Jan. 4.— White comb. 1-lb.
sections, Uii®12Hc; amber,9®llc Extracted
white, 6®i}i cents; light amber, 4M@5Kc; am-
ber, 3M@4Jic; dark amber, 3@3>ic. Beeswax,^
good to choice, light, 29®30c; dark, 27@28c.

Market is quiet and not noteworthy for
strength. Although stocks here and through-
out the interior are light, there is little inquiry,,
either for shipment or on local account. There
is strong probability, however, that the spring
trade will absorb the light stocks remaining.

Nbw Tore, Jan. 9.— The market on comb
honey is decidedly dnll, and while there is no
stock of dark and buckwheat to amount to
much, all grades of white honey are plentiful,
and for the present we cannot encourage ship-
ments. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at
13c; No. 2 at ll®12c; buckwheat at 10c. Ex-
tracted honey is in fair demand, with abundant
supplies and a weakening tendency is noticea-
ble in the market. We quote wh te at tiiytHc;
light amber at 55^@6c; dark. 5®5Hc per pounds
Southern at 52@5Sc per gallon. Beeswa.x, 29c.

HlLDRETH St SeGELKBN.

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

-OF-

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

E.^CH Policy Hoi,dbr is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence Leagne.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special ag-ents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquetta BIdg., Chicago, III.

▼ ▼▼▼▼•▼▼▼•y^

T ▼▼▼▼▼▼

80

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 26, 1905.

Here's what they say about
our New Catalog.

;v^ If you wish to be abreast of the times send for one
^^ FREE on application

Higginsville, Mo., Dec. 30, 1904.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen:— We have this day received your retail, wholesale
and jobber's price-list, also catalog. Permit us to congratulate you
on your catalog. We do not hesitate to say it is the most elegant bee-
catalog ever published. We thank you for all above items of interest.
Tours truly, Leaht Mfg. Co.

Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 30, 1904.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen :— We are m receipt of your new catalog and beg to say
it is fine and excellent. Yours truly, Fred W. Muth Co.,

Fred W. Muth, Pres.

Hastings, Nebr., Jan. 16, 1905.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen :— Your catalog is certainly splendid and a credit to
your firm. Wishing you a prosperous year, I beg to remain.

Respectfully, Chas. Winkler.

Kenton, Ohio, Jan. 5, 1905.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen: — Your catalog duly received and we wish to thank
you for same. It certainly is the most attractive and the easiest to
understand of any that we have ever seen, and we think it will draw
trade from the fact that a bee-keeper can so readily find what he
wants. NoRRis & Anspach.

Havana, Cuba, Jan. 4, 1905.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen: — We have also received a sample of your neiv catalog
that you have published, on which we wish to extend our congratula-
tions ; it is undoubtedly far ahead of any catalog published of its
kind. We would be greatly obliged to you to have you send us 100
or 200 of these as we think our English-speaking trade would appre-
ciate them. Yours truly, C. B. Stevens & Co.

San Antonio, Texas, Jan. 2, 1905.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen :— Your catalog is fine. Southwestern Bee Co.

BEE PEANKS.

We take pleasure in presenting to the public the first edition of our little book entitled "Bee Pranks". This
pamphlet is compiled from clippings taken from newspapers published all over the United States, and therefore gives as
nearly as possible complete and authentic daily record of common, uncommon, strange and unique happenings in the busy
life of the bee during the year just passed.

The chief value we claim for the book is the undisputed fact that nowhere else will or can be found as varied a col
lection of interesting events in the life of this little insect, anecdotes, humorous as well as serious, mingled with practical
information.

In this modern age there are few events of importance which are not chronicled in the newspapers ; they seldom
appear anywhere else and are read only in that section of the county local to the paper in which they appear.

At no little expense have we been able to gather together news items pertaining to the bee which have appeared in
almost any and every paper published far and wide. You will agree with us many are wonderful, some sad, some humor-
ous, but all interesting. They are not fiction, but chronicled facts.

We shall be pleased to send this book postpaid to any address for 12 cts. in stamps, or WE WILL GIVE IT FREE
for the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity. THEY ARE GOING FAST and this offer holds good
only while they last.

G. B. LEWIS GO,. Manulaciurers O! B66-K66D6rs' SUDDli6S

Watertown, Wis.

l$cc 3ournal

45th Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., FEB. 2, 1905.

No. 5.

SOME APL\RIES LOCATED IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST,

(See page 84.)

82

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2, 19C5.

FOE 1905.

We are always studying how to improve our goods. That's why we
are leaders. No detail is too small for improvement. No expenses Are spared
to experiment and build new machinery. There are many advantages in buy-
ing Root's Goods. You can't get good goods cheaper ; you save freight and
time, and you are always sure of the very latest in apiculture. Below are our
improvements for 1905.

Honey Extractors

The honey extractors of 1905 have
steel stampings in many places where
gray iron castings were used formerly.
These stampings are so ribbed and
braced that the construction of the
basliets will be much stifler than for-
merly with no possibility of any of the
parts breaking.

Wire Imbedder

Our new spur wire imbedder is a
great improvement over the old one.
Although it costs 20 cents and the old
one sells for only 10 cents, it is 10
times better. It does very neat, pretty
work and the special construction of
the teeth with the groove makes it
easy, to follow the wire during the
process of imbedding.

Perforated line

A complete new set of dies and
press have been made during 1904 for
turning out perforated zinc, so that
our 1905 product will be even better
than before.

Smokers

Some minor improvements have been
made in our smokers by which the
blast will be increased and the general
construction throughout stiffened. A
very neat and strong brace is placed in
such position that the legs supporting
the cup or stove can not be twisted or
bent out of shape without crushing
the whole smoker.

Fences

Some of our fences for the supers
will be nailed as well as glued. This
will enable the user to clean off the
propolis by immersing them in boiling
water, a fact which will be appreciated
by many.

Root's
Automatic Extractor

We have got it at last. An auto-
matic reversible honey-extractor
that will reverse the pockets while
in motion by simply pressing on a
lever. The extractors are no larger
than the Cowans, and reverse with-
out bang or slam, provided the di-
rections are followed. They are
equipped with street-car band-
brake,noiseless gearing, gearing on
top of the reel out of the honey,
and out of the way of putting in
and removing the combs. We have
the 4-frame size all ready for de-
livery. Six-frame, 8-frame, and 3-
frame sizes will be ready shortly.
Price will be only $2.00 above the
regular price for 2, 4, 6, and 8
frame Cowan extractors, respect-
ively.

Wax-Tube

The Van Deusen wax-tube fastener
is made of one piece of brass tubing
drawn down to a point. It is a much
neater and better tool than the one
sold last year.

German Wax-Press

The German wax-press is now so
improved that it has a threefold use.
First, as a wax-rendering device and
press to squeeze out slumgum clear of
wax. Second, as a press for squeezing
honey out of cappings, bits of burr-
combs, chunk honey and the like.
Third, as an uncapping can for uncap-
ping combs preparatory to extracting.
This last feature will prove invaluable
because the cappings will drop into the
basket, and when the uncapping is
done the cappings can be squeezed un-
til they are dry, the honey running out
at the spout. Three machines for the
price of one. And our price has been
reduced to $12.00.

Bee-Veil

Our bee-veil for 1905 will have rub-
ber cord sewed in the bottom edge so
that the top as well as the bottom will
be elastic. If the directions are fol-
lowed the edge of the veil can be mide
bee-tight around the waist or coat, ef-
fectually protecting the wearer. We
will still furnish veils with silk bind-
ing and when called for can supply
them.

Cover

The Excelsior cover will look about
the same as before except that its con-
struction will be simplified and
strengthened, making it better in every
way to withstand extremes of hot and
dry weather. It will be used on all
our hives including the Danzenbaker,
as it has stood the test of many years,
and for a general purpose cover we
know of nothing better.

Ask for our Catalog. A postal brings It.

THE A. I. ROOT COnPANY,

Factory and Executive Office,

MEDINA, OHIO.

BK,A.lSrOHBS.

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, 44 Vesey Street.

Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee St.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.

San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So. Flores Street.
Washing-ton, D. C, 1100 Maryland Ave., S. W.
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.

Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane.

9&&&&&&&&&&&&&&^&&^&&fs«&&^^ee'e*f^

tfsTAB(./s

Pnblisbed W^eekly at «1.00 a Tear by Cieorge W. ¥ork St. Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORQE W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL, FEB, 2, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No. 5.

=\

(Sbitortal Hotes
anb (Eommcnts

J

"Bee-Keeping in the Southwest."

Over a year ago we had some correspondence with
Prof. Louis H. Scholl, of Texas, concerning the preparation
of a series of articles on bee-keeping in his section of our
great country. Finally, about two months ago, he wrote
us that he would now have the time to write them, and in
this issue will be found the first one under a heading of his
own selection, "Bee-Keeping in the Southwest". Our
Southern readers especially will be interested in Prof.
SchoU's articles, though they will be profitable for all.

Punic or Tunisian Bees.

The character of these bees is a live topic nowadays
among the correspondents of the American Bee-Keeper, the
editor having received " numerous comments, aggregating
nearly 100 pages of manuscript, together with lots of letters
from those who have tested this race of bees". Whether
they be good or ill-tempered, there can be no denying their
ability to stir up ill temper among the disputants, for the
editor says that much of the matter must be rejected
" owing to its somewhat vindictive tone ".

Nominations for Officers of the National.

Wm. M. Whitney, of Wisconsin, does not favor the
plan of selecting for candidates the two having the highest
number of votes for nomination. He also says :

" It seems to me that as many States prominent in bee-
keeping as possible should be represented on the Board of
Directors, and it might be well for each State organization
to indicate in some way the wish of the members in each
locality ; but voters to exercise their own free will in mak-
ing choice of candidates for any oflSce to be filled."

Perhaps it would be a good idea for State organizations
to take a vote on nominations, provided the members are
also members of the National, and yet it would be only a
duplication if such members also sent in votes for nomina-
tions to the General Manager according to the present
custom.

The idea that the nominees should, so far as possible,
fairly represent the different sections of the country is
based on that jewel " fair play ". Some might say to in.
crease the number of directors so that each State could be
represented. But that would make the body a very un-

wieldy affair, say others. Indeed, some of the Board say
the number is now too great for rapid expedition of busi-
ness. There is perhaps never an actual meeting of the
Board with all the members present, and the business is
chiefly transacted by mail. Would it be an improvement
to return to the smaller number of previous years ? Could
or could not three or five members do the business as satis-
factorily as twelve or twenty ? These, and other questions,
are fair subjects for discussion.

One thing that makes it less important that many dif-
ferent sections should be separately represented is the fact
that the interests of the different sections are generally
identical. Protection against unjust litigation is the same
in Maine as in California, and the same may be said of
adulteration and other matters. However, we believe that
it would be an advantage to have the members of the Board
of Directors in as many different parts of the country as,
possible.

Drone-Brood Exempt from Foul Brood.

Something which has perhaps not been heretofore men-
tioned on this side the water is given in the British Bee
Journal, which says :

"It is a curious fact that dead drone-larvse, even wheo
taken from a hive affected with foul brood, never show the
marked characteristics — either in color or ropiness — such
as are seen in worker-brood from a diseased colony. It
would almost seem as if the bacillus does not propagate or
thrive in the former as in the worker-larv^. Anyway, we
can only record the fact as we have found it, after an ex-
perience probably as great as that of any one in this
country."

A Question-Box Convention Program.

That's the kind the Chicago-Northwestern is. Not a
single paper was read at the last meeting. It was simply
question after question, and one lively discussion following
another. Such program is very easy to prepare, and when
once "ignited", and the " flames " properly directed or
controlled, it makes just the livest and warmest kind of
a meeting of bee-keepers.

Such program has many advantages, and scarcely any
disadvantages. The secretary is not overworked in pre-
paring it before the meeting. Every one present has only
to hand in any question that he desires to have discussed,
when it is read, and the opinions thereon are forthcoming
at once.

It also furnishes an ever fresh and sometimes surpris-
ing program. No one knows what is coming next until the
next question is read by the presiding officer. Often the
questions are so interesting that several members want to
give their experiences in concert. Then the president or
I chairman needs only to say which person can have the

84

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2, 190S.

floor first, when the life of the shorthand reporter is saved—
or at least he (the reporter) is saved from a useless attempt
to write down a senseless jabbering.

We wish to commend the question-box program to other
conventions of bee-keepers. We believe the Chicago-
Northwestern is the only one that uses it practically exclu-
sively. The old Northwestern that met annually in Chicago
for so'many years previous to 1891, never had any other
kind of a program. It also never had but one president
during its existence. And he was Dr. C. C. Miller, the
original question-box-program man. He still helps as a
member to make the Chicago meetings so interesting and
practical.

Some members of the Chicago-Northwestern Associa-
tion attribute its very successful meetings to its special kind
of program. But it has no patent on it. Other conven-
tions can copy if they so desire, without being in any danger
of infringement proceedings.

miscellaneous
Hetps > 3 terns

J

The British Bee-Keepers' Association has 332 mem-
bers. For the year 1903 its income was $2150.

Sir A. Conan Doyle as a Bee-Keeper.— It is re-
ported in the British Bee Journal that the author of " Sher-
lock Holmes" is to cease writing after this year, retiring to
some quiet country place where he will " go in for bee-
keeping".

Mr. P. B. Ramer, secretary of the Fillmore Co., Minn.,
Bee-Keepers' Association, wrote us Jan. 20 as follows :

" We have just closed the third annual meeting of our
Association, and each one excels the former ones in the in-
terest taken. Our Association is proving to be a permanent
good to the bee-keepers of this section. Those who fail to
attend bee-keepers' meetings do not realize what they are
losing."

The Paid-in-Advance Subscriber.— A country news-
paper speaks of a man who always paid for his paper a year
in advance. As a reward he was never sick in his life,
never had a corn on his toes, or the toothache ; his potatoes
never rot, the frost never kills his pears, his wife never
scolds, and he has succeeded in serving three terms on the
school-board without being criticised.

We do not know whether such happy results would fol-
low paid-up subscribers to the American Bee Journal or
not, but it wouldn't do any harm for many others to try it.

The Michigan State Convention will be held at
Grand Rapids, Feb. 23 and 24. We have received the fol-
lowing for publication from W. Z. Hutchinson, president of
the Association :

PRIZES ON HONBY AT THE COMING MICHIGAN CONVENTION.

As an encouragement to attend the coming State con-
vention of bee-keepers at Grand Rapids, and, at the same
time furnish some valuable object lessons to some of the
members, the following prizes have been offered :

For the best 10 pounds of comb honey, quality and man-
ner of putting up for market to be considered, A. G. Wood-
man, representing the G. B. Lewis Co., will give $3.00
worth of supplies ; for the second best lot, a Bingham brass
smoke-engine worth $1.75. Mr. Woodman also offers simi-
lar prizes for the best 10 pounds of extracted honey, quality
and manner of putting up for market to be considered.

M. H. Hunt & Son ofifer $3.00 worth of supplies for the

best 10 pounds of extracted honey, quality and manner of
putting up for market to be considered ; a Jumbo Cornell
brass smoker as a second prize ; and a Bingham honey-
knife as a third prize.

The A. I. Root Co. offers a complete Danzenbaker hive
nailed and painted, ready for use, value $3.10, for the best
10 sections of honey produced in a Danzenbaker hive ; for
the second best lot, a copy of the " A B C of Bee-Culture ",
worth $1.20 ; for the third best, one year's subscription to
Gleanings, worth $1.00.

In addition to the above, the Bee-Keepers' Review will
give a year's subscription to the Review to every man who
wins any of the other prizes.

It will be seen that a bee-keeper with a nice case of
comb honey, or 10 pounds of fine extracted, might, consid-
ering the reduced rates on the railroad, come 100 miles and
receive prizes enough to pay all of his expenses. Come and
bring your honey. If you don't bring it you may be cha-
grined to see a poorer lot than yours take first prize.

It may be of interest, also, to know that the National
Biscuit Co. will make a display of their goods that are made
with honey.

All being well, we expect to be present at this conven-
tion, and hope to meet many friends of the American Bee
Journal. Not having been invited to offer any prizes ac-
counts for the omission of the American Bee Journal from
the foregoing paragraphs.

Some Southwestern Apiaries are shown on the first
page this week, the originals of which were kindly sent to
us by Prof. Louis H. Scholl, who begins a series of articles
this week on " Bee-Keeping in the Southwest". The fol-
lowing are brief descriptions of the pictures as noted on the
back of each photograph :

1. M. A. Salazer's apiary on the Nueces River, La Salle
County, opposite a beautiful lake. Catclaw, mesquite,
guajilla, white-brush and others are the sources of honey.

2. Where fine honey is produced — mesquite, catclaw and
guajilla. Bottom-boards not present in this yard. Hives
on rims, and earth the floor. Works all right there. Dry,
you know.

3. 180 colonies kept by W. B. Morse and wife on the
"waheah " plains of southwest Texas, which brought in
much cash.

4. Apiary of J. N. Long, of Frio Co., Tex., where Mr.
Sbisa used to get his honey ; 140 colonies owned by a man
who makes his own hives and fixtures, and who has made
some money out of the business.

5. Another apiary in southwest Texas. Just moved to
the new location. Some 80 colonies, and the " rims " still
lying on the ground, just taken off, with screws. Mesquite
and persimmon trees in the yard, and other honey-plants.

6. 360 colonies in one yard — the most I ever saw in
one place in Texas. On the banks of the Nueces. Thou-
sands of acres of guajilla, mesquite, and cacti in the dis-
tance.

7. A southwest Texas apiary with mesquite and white-
brush all around — honey-yielders — and the bees have only
to go over the fence and fetch it into the hives.

A Very Successful Meeting of the Kansas State Bee-
Keepers' Association was held in the State Capitol building
at Topeka, Jan. 10 and 11. A bill was prepared which will
be presented to the Legislature, asking for a law to appoint
foul-brood inspectors for the different counties. The old
officers were all unanimously elected as follows: President,
Dr. G. Bohrer ; vice-president, E. W. Dunham ; secretary,
O. A. Keene, of Topeka ; and treasurer, J. J. Measer.

A Queen-Bee Free as a Premium.— We are now
booking orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered
in May or June. This is the premium offer : To a sub-,
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will give an un-
tested Italian queen for sending us one new subscription with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to
get new subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many you want
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.

Feb. 2, 19(5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

85

-y (£on trtbutcb ^-
Special Ctrticlcs

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No. 1.— Bee-Keeping in the Southwest.

BY PROF. LOUIS H. SCHOLL.

BEEKEEPING in the Southwest differs very much,
when taken as a whole, from Northern bee-keeping.
Other methods and systems of management are em-
ployed. The methods of procedure in the beginning of the
season are different from those practiced in the North, and
so as to the outcome at the end of the season's work. All this
is due to the difference in conditions, the change of climate,
with entirely different seasons and another variety of
honey-yielding flora. The seasons are not like those of the
North ; the winters are shorter and the summers longer,
and there is quite a difference in the temperature.

THE LENGTH OF THE HONEY-SEASON.

The question has often been asked, as to how long the
honey season lasts throughout the year in the Southwest ;
that is to say, from the time the bees begin to work on the
earliest blooms until they stop working on the latest ones.
To this my answer has often been, that it depends a good
deal upon locality, but in my own locality at home (Brazos
County), 13 months would be about^ight ! This has, how-
ever, nearly stunned the questioner in every case.; yet this
is really true, for if we begin with the first appearance of the
bloom of our mistletoe, which begins often about the first
of December, lasting well into January, it is followed by
many other flowers more or less all through the entire sea-
son. The last of these upon which the bees work, and
which ends up the season, is cotton. This blooms from the
latter part of June until frost, and often this does not come
until in January. So I have seen bees work on cotton as
late as that, and as they had begun in the months of De-
cember a year before, it can easily be figured out. In other
words, the flow extended into three different years.

This, of course, does not occur every year, for some-
times the seasons are shorter, and the winters colder, yet
the bees fly more or less the year around, and are only kept
in the hives for several days at a time by cold weather.

Neither will anybody surmise that the above would
mean the length of the honey-flow, or that there was a con-
tinuous honey-flow during this entire length of time. Not
at all. While there is some honey coming in more or less
all the time, yet the real honey-flows for the surplus are
much shorter, and mostly far between.

THE TIME OF THE PRINCIPAL HONEY-FLOWS.

During early spring there are, in my immediate locality,
a great many early bloomers that yield both honey and pol-
len in abundance for brood-rearing, and colonies build up
strong and become very populous very early in the season,
if the right kind of hives and management are used. There
must be plenty of room, and in such shape as will be most
essential for the colony. This is simply mentioned here be-
cause without it the colonies would not become most popu-
lous, no matter how good the early spring bloomers and the
yield.

If rains have been plentiful the previous fall so that the
mesquite tree, and all other trees and shrubs, have accumu-
lated an abundance of sap upon which they thrive during the
following season, then we may expect a heavy flow from the
mesquite early in the season, in April. Unless a late frost
injures the bloom, or a late spell of cold weather hinders
the secretion of nectar, or keeps the bees in the hives, we
may expect a good crop of surplus honey, especially if the
weather and other conditions are favorable The flow lasts
from a week to ten days, and often from 25 to 100 pounds of
surplus honey per colony is stored. This shows the impor-
tance of having the strong colonies referred to in a previous
paragraph.

This refers more to central Texas. In southwest Texas
this flow is preceded by a good and a heavy flow from cat-
claw. Occasionally, however, this is cut short by late cold
weather on account of its earliness.

Farther west, guajilla (pronounced " waheah ") covers
the country over thousands upon thousands of acres of pas-

ture-land, and it yields an early and abundant flow of nec-
tar. This honey is of a water-white color, and the flavor is
one of the mildest produced in the State. It has also
achieved quite an extended reputation, and the supply is not
equal to the demand, the most of the crop being already
sold before produced.

In central Texas, again, the mesquite flow in April is
followed closely by a flow from horsemint in May. This,
when abundant, yields great crops of honey, as high as 700
pounds being once taken from one colony as the product
from this source alone. On account of several dry years of
late, and a scarcity of seed produced during that time, horse-
mint is not as plentiful as in former years when it grew so
thick over all the prairies that it was often impossible to
walk through it.

Where horsemint is not so plentiful, in many localities
the prairie marigold (Gailavdia pulchella) follows the mes-
quite, and sometimes together with horsemint, both coming
in May. This, however, is a darker, golden honey, while
the others are all of light color. There is no trouble about
selling it, however, especially in the extracted form.

In June the second flow from mesquite is of much im-
portance, especially when the early April flow has been
light, which is often caused by a previous dry fall. Then
the June flow is the heaviest, while, sometimes, it is very
light when the early bloom yielded well. Thus, it will be
seen that there are two distinct blooming periods of the
mesquite tree, two months apart. During the latter ripe
beans will be seen together with the flowers on the same
tree.

Soon after this cotton begins to bloom, from June IS to
July 1, and lasts until frost late in the season, sometimes
yielding heavily and at other times only slowly, depending
a great deal upon the weather and atmospheric conditions.
From this plant the nectar is not only gotten from its
flowers, but there are nectar-glands on the underside of the
buds and on the ribs of the leaves which secrete pure nectar.
Sumac yields well in August and September, and ex-
tends pretty well over the entire State, hence it should not
be omitted here.

In south-central Texas the main flow is from the rattan-
vine, which is very abundant especially in lowlands and in
the bottom-lands of the large rivers. In early spring this
is preceded by many bloomers ; along the rivers by willows
mostly, and many vines, and by different kinds of oaks and
other plants on the uplands, which mostly yield much
pollen, and thus aid in building up the colonies.

The rattan blooms in April, and from this source a
large amount of honey is procured. It is, however, of an
inferior quality to that produced farther west from other
sources. It is almost entirely put up in barrels and goes to
Northern markets for manufacturing purposes in the large
bakeries of biscuit companies.

The yield being so abundant, which makes the crops
procured large, results in bee-keeping being carried on quite
profitably by the bee-men in that part of the State, even if
their product does not rank so well in grades.

In east Texas the flora is entirely different from that
already mentioned, and adapted to the more western and
those of the arid regions. Here are forests of pines, and
many other trees, and among them in many places are lin-
den, or basswoods, and holly, which yield much honey, and
large crops are obtained by the few bee-keepers who are
located in this range. This part of the State is not yet well
settled, hence there are not many bee-keepers, but the num-
ber is increasing. The main flow from basswood begins
about May 10, sometimes earlier or later.

Besides those mentioned here it will be remembered
that there are many other honey-yielding plants that fill in
between and help out admirably, sometimes yielding some
surplus. Those mentioned are only the principal ones—
those from which the great bulk of the crop is obtained.

This will give the reader some idea of the main honey-
flows, and how they follow each other. They all come from
a natural source except cotton, which is the only cultivated
Later on, when irrigation is resorted to more, we

will add alfalfa.

(To be continued.)

Brazos Co., Tex.

^

Cellar-Feeding of Bees-Mailing Honey
Samples.

BY C. P. DADANT.

Mr. Dadant:— You advise me to feed candy if I have to fead in
the cellar. Now, why not feed honey in the comb, if we havi it?

86

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2, 190S.

Why not feed sugar syrup if we do not have honey? What do you
think of sending samples of honey by mail to advertise honey for
sale?— W. D. N.

I ADVISE the feeding of sugar candy in the cellar, for
two reasons : The first reason is that it is much the
easiest way of feeding. If you have the hives piled in
the cellar you can still feed candy without disturbing the
bees, if the hives are separated from one another only by a
2-inch block. Raise the oil-cloth and lay the cake of sugar
candy over the cluster. This may be done without any
stir. The bees will reach the candy from the underside,
and will perhaps ultimately cover it entirely. It is the
nicest way to feed in confinement.

The second reason is that candy excites the bees less
than any other food. Candy has so little moisture — they
are so slow in absorbing it — that it does not create any ex-
citement. When you give them combs or liquid honey, or
even granulated honey — which is really the next best feed
to candy^you are likely to excite them more or less. If
you want to give them combs, you must either put them in
the hive or lay them over the top, and this is more difficult
than giving a small cake of candy, which, if rightly made,
will last them longer than honey, and will keep them in
better shape. Besides, the cake of candy is in more com-
pact shape than combs more or less filled with honey.

And as to syrup or liquid honey, besides the difficulty
of giving these to colonies that are piled up on top of each
other, there will be more excitement in the hive when the
food is reached by the bees. It is very important to avoid
causing any unnecessary stir, in the cellar especially, dur-
ing the winter cold weather, and from past experience it is
not to be doubted that sugar candy of good quality is by
far the best food.

Yet, if sealed combs of good clover honey are in reach,
and can be laid on the top of the combs above the brood
without disturbing the bees, this would be a very good
method of feeding ; but if there is any probability that
these combs will be needed during spring to help the bees
in brood-rearing, I would by all means retain them and put
them away, using the candy until the bees are out of the
cellar.

In addition to the gain of leaving the bees undisturbed,
it is also more convenient to make sure of the amount of
food consumed when sugar candy is used, for the size of
the lump can be noticed at any time at the top of the
combs, while, if the comb of honey has been emptied by
the bees, it will be difficult to make sure of it ; and remov-
ing it to give another will be sure to disturb the bees
greatly.

SENDING OUT SAMPLES OF HONBY.

Now about sending out samples of honey. I believe
this would prove more of an expense than the returns
would justify. It is well enough to send samples of honey
to prospective buyers, but to send the samples broadcast
would, I believe, cost more than the circumstances would
permit. Yet there may be a way to send samples that
would prove inexpensive. Our method has always been to
melt the honey and put it up in a small vial about ^'4 of an
inch in diameter, and with an opening the full size of the
vial, for more easy filling. We then put the vial in a block
of pine in which an auger-hole has been bored of about the
size of the bottle. This is also corked, and then wrapped
in paper before mailing. In this way we have never had
any trouble.

Granulated honey may perhaps be put up in a cheaper
way, but unless it is put up in a water or honey tight pack-
age, it is likely to soil the mail-matter should it be exposed
to heat. Sometimes the mail-sacks are laid in close prox-
imity to a stove, and very thick granulated honey might in
an occurrence of this kind change to the liquid form and
leak out, unless put up properly. On the other hand, so
many people have no knowledge of granulated honey that
it would hardly be the right thing to send samples of gran-
ulated honey without a lengthy explanation, which would
perhaps not be sufficient. We have always found it neces-
sary to explain the condition of granulated honey in person
until the customer is familiar with it.

Hancock Co., 111.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages S81-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the ofiBce of the
American Bee Journal.

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Contention
Proceebings

Report of the Washington State Convention.

On Wednesday morning at 10 o'clock Pres. Jesse W.
Thornton called the Washington State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation to order at the City Hall in North Yakima, Wash.

Mrs. Legh R. Freeman was made secretary /iro tetn.,
and read the minutes of the previous meeting.

Mrs. Susan Thornton, the treasurer, was at her desk
and received the annual dues from a number of old and new
members.

Article II of the Constitution was so amended as to
read : " The object of this Association shall be the promo-
tion of scientific bee-culture by forming a strong union
among bee-keepers, the purchase of supplies, the marketing
of honey, the necessary legislation, and the protection of
the industry ".

J. P. Berg, chairman of the committee on the purchase
of supplies in carloads, reported that they were still investi-
gating and getting bids from the different manufacturers.
He requested that all persons that are members, or who
desire to become members, report to him at once at North
Yakima, the quantities of supplies that they need.

Interesting discussions were participated in by Bert
Stewart, Robert Cissna, H. H. Cole, Isaac Hayes, J. P. Berg,
W. P. Clark, P. A. Gildea, Legh R. Freeman, the president,
secretary and treasurer, at the end of which the president
appointed Legh R. Freeman, Isaac Hayes and Bert Stewart
to secure space at the Lewis and Clark Exposition, and to
interest the bee-keepers' associations of the States of
Oregon, Idaho, and California to co-operate with the Wash-
ington Association in making a grand display of honey,
bees and the by-products, and preparing literature and cir-
culating it ; and seeing to it that a booth is arranged at
which the public shall be feasted on honey, hot waffles, etc.

The president also appointed Mrs. Susan Thornton, P.
A. Gildea, H. H. Cole, Anson White, Robert Cissna and W.
P. Clark a recruiting committee for the purpose of securing
as many new members as possible throughout the State.
The committee will solicit membership among business
men who may be disposed to contribute one dollar for the
purpose of aiding in making a display at Portland.

After a recess for lunch the secretary read letters from
the various firms quoting prices for supplies, and the com-
mittee was instructed to proceed with its work.

Isaac Hayes and Legh R. Freeman were directed to pre-
pare a paper to be read at the annual meeting of the Yakima
County Horticultural-Association in February, showing the
advantages of bees in the orchard, and the proper time to
cut alfalfa with reference to securing the nectar in the
blossoms, and also the feed-value of alfalfa if allowed to
bloom.

The president was instructed to assign to various mem-
bers subjects which they are to reduce to manuscript and
read at the February meeting ; and he is to arrange for
toasts and responses at the banquet which will follow the
three days' session. At this banquet honey is to be served
in many ways that will tempt the appetite.

Mrs. Lkgh R. Freeman, Acting Sec.

Co-operation at the Minnesota Convention.

The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association held its an-
nual convention at the First Unitarian Church in Minne-
apolis, Dec. 7 and 8, 1904.

After an invocation by Rev. J. H. Kimball, George W.
York, Ernest R. Root, Fred and Bessie Dittmer, and a rep-
resentative from the G. B. Lewis Co., were introduced.

The minutes of the 1903 meeting were read and ap-
proved.

As considerable interest of the meeting centered in a
Committee on Cooperation, appointed in 1903, and an
amendment to the Constitution proposed by this committee,
a brief report of the proceedings is here given, so far as
they related to the subject of co-operation.

That part of the minutes of the 1903 meeting, referring
to the appointment of the committee, read as follows :

Feb. 2, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

87

" The appointment of a committee on co-operation was
objected to, and the president named a committee with the
understanding- that it is a separate org-anization, and not a
part of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association."

The avowed objects of this committee were to investi-
gate the subject of honey-prices, with a view to their better-
ment by means of co-operation, and to obtain, if possible, a
reduced scale of prices on apiarian requisites.

At the proper time the chairman of the Co-operation
Committee made his report, but the president ruled that, on
the showing of the minutes read and approved, the commit-
tee had no standing, and their report could not be heard.
On this rule being^ objected to, it was sustained by a vote of
the convention.

Shortly after their appointment it seemed that the Co-
operation Committee was being opposed, and in order to
ascertain its status, the chairman wrote to the secretary
of the Association, asking for a copy of the minutes of the
1903 meeting referring to the appointment of his committee.
The secretary wrote as follows: "The only reference in
the minutes of the annual meeting to the Committee on Co-
operation appears to be the following : ' A connnittee on
■organization was appointed as follows '. Then follow the
names and addresses."

As there was thus a considerable difference between the
actual minutes and those read at the present meeting, W.
K. Ansell moved an amendment of the minutes to make
them agree with the notes taken at the 1903 meeting. By
arrangement, consideration of this motion was deferred till
a later stage in the proceedings.

Meantime, an amendment of Article II of the Constitu-
tion, notice of which had been mailed to all members, was
proposed by Mr. Ansell, and seconded by F. A. Gray. Arti-
cle II says : " The object of this Association shall be the
promotion of scientific bee-culture by forming a strong
band of union amongst bee-keepers ".

As proposed, the article would read: "The object of
this Association shall be the promotion of scientific bee-
culture, and oj the general interests of bee-keepers, by form-
ing ", etc.

Mr. Ansell said : " This amendment would seem neces-
sary from the action of the Executive Committee in deci-
ding that co-operation is inconsistent with the objects of the
Association, which, according to Article II, are of a purely
scientific nature. It even seems necessary in order to
legalize our present program, where such papers as ' Poul-
try as an Adjunct to Bee-Keeping ', ' Insuring Bees ',
' Selling Honey Through Grocers ', ' Honey Exhibit at
the State Fair", etc., find place. The Committee on Co-
operation has gone to considerable pains and expense, and
has succeeded in making arrangements with a certain
manufacturer of supplies for prices ranging from 25 to 30
percent less than the retail prices of some others. And now
we are told that the Association can have nothing to do
with cooperation, because co-operation is not ' scientific
bee-culture '. I hold that an association of this sort, what-
•ever it is nominally, is not in practice a purely scientific
society, and that it should be able to initiate any sort of
work which is in the general interests of its members. In
other words, it is to legalize its past and present action that
this amendment is sought, and not to revolutionize its
character."

Messrs. F. A. Gray, S. lyindersmith, Wm. McEwen, H.
V. Poore, and Mrs. J. B. Thompson, and others, spoke in
favor of the amendment. Dr. Jaques, Wm. Russell, Rev.
J. H. Kimball, and others, spoke in opposition.

After Scott Lamont had pointed out that the amend-
ment, if carried, would entail an expense of $25, both mo-
tions for the amendments, respectively of the minutes and
of the Constitution, on being put to the meeting, were lost.

A Member.

Honey as a Health-Food. — This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; 50
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for SI. 25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
isend all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

®ur:*5t5ter
BccKcepcrs

=\

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Cords of Helpfulness — Influence of Locality.

J

Dear Miss Wilson : — Please accept my personal thanks
for your most welcome and appreciated card of New Year's
greeting to our bee-keeping sisters. The cordial, appre-
ciative, encouraging words of good cheer struck a respon-
sive chord in our hearts. I'm sure all who read your words
felt in very truth that it would be a treat indeed to meet
face to face with our chieftainess, and clasp hands and
have a good old-fashioned chat with these ladies, who, dur-
ing the past year, have helped to make our corner of the
American Bee Journal so very interesting and helpful.

This is a great age in which we are living. I suppose
there has never been a time when the individual, as an in-
dividual, was of so much account, or received so many helps
to make life seem worth living. It is an age when the
brotherhood of man is accepted as a fact, and acted upon in
its deepest, most affectionate, and sympathetic sense as
never before. Many cords are stretched out to draw us —
even the most isolated — into a close, familiar touch with
each other, and the great work of regeneration steadily goes
on about us.

One of these cords is this department of ours, in which
we catch glimpses of each other's lives and interests and
experiences, as we would in no other way. We, who are in
the heat of the battle, know so well what our sisters' vic-
tories mean, and at what a price they are bought. And as
we read, words of praise and encouragement spring unbid-
den to our lips, and if they sometimes fail in expression at
the pen-point, it is only because life is too strenuous and its
duties too arduous to allow the time. I have thought, after
reading suggestive points in some of our sisters' letters,
that it would be a good plan to write on a convenient pad
the comment or question it gives rise to, and when a leisure
hour comes to " talk it out ". It seems as though this
would be a good scheme, one which most of us may adopt,
and one that would be helpful and encouraging to you.

Another cord is the photographs of those whose writ-
ings and advice have helped us over many hard spots. It
is very pleasant to know how they look. It brings them
very near, and our personal interest and liking receives a
decided impetus. Though we know that, like our genial Dr.
Miller, they are "younger and better looking " than the
cuts show, we view their pictured faces with complacency,
and feel proud of so nice-looking, intelligent, and refined a
body of representative apiarists.

I have felt that in caring for our bees we do not suffi-
ciently take into consideration the locality. We frequently
read of work being done in yards which would not be prac-
ticable in our own. There is a great variety of climate in
American apiaries, and it seems as if we do not always get
as much benefit from advice, instruction, and our bees as
we would could our atmospheric and climatic scale be our
guide. It is quite a help to know where our writers live,
and what kind of weather they have to adapt their apiaries
to. In one respect I find myself out of harmony with many
of our bee-yards. It is in regard to our fall work. Prac-
tically we have thus far in our work been unable to do any
of the manipulating for winter that others find so important.
Our yard is situated near the north end of Lake Cham-
plain, about 8 miles from the Canada line. Our supers are
on for the buckwheat bloom until the frost kills it and most
other bloom, and from then until snow flies there is an
an almost unbroken sequence of leaden skies above us, and
high, cold winds over us, which sweep down from the Adi-
rondacks or over the lake from the mountains of Vermont.
The temperature is very changeable, a drop of 40 degrees in
an hour being quite a common occurrence. As a rule, we
have to hustle off our supers with chilly fingers, the honey
out of the combs before it congeals, and make the hives
warm and tight in a hurry.

There is scarcely a single day after that till the follow-
ing spring when it is safe to open the hives and make any
examination as to the condition of the interior. If it is
attempted more harm than good follows, as great risks are

88

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2, 1905.

run in starting the bees to robbing and in chilling the
brood. Therefore, I do all the manipulating for the year
before the supers go on, and use only the honey from the
supers, never taking it from the hives. Usually only one
or two colonies die in the cellar, though I sometimes lose
quite a number from spring dwindling. I even up the food
in the spring, and do not find that any honey is wasted. The
period from fall to spring bloom is a long one, and the
weather much of the time, even then, is unfavorable for
flights.

I had a rather strange experience in our apiary the past
fall that I will try to describe, and get your advice about,
when I write again. I wish you individually, and our sis-
ters collectively, a Happy New Year, and many of them.

Clinton Co., N. Y., Jan. 5. Frances E. Whbelbr.

Thank you very much for your encouraging words. I
assure you they are most thoroughly appreciated.

Your suggestion about the use of a pad is an excellent
one, and I sincerely hope that many of the sisters will put
it in practice. While reading jot down a memorandum of
this or that, and then, when you have the leisure, write out
the thoughts and send them in for our department.

It is true localities differ, but I never knew before that
there are localities where there are no warm days after
buckwheat frost.

m I ^

A Champion for " Our Sister Bee-KeepeFS ".

My sister Mary's bees is asleep in the cellar. They
don't try to sting, nor even buz. She gives us honey on our
bred insted of that rancid packt buter. My, but it's sweet !
I like it. Mary used to say we needed a " Woman's Bee
Magazine ", until one column of " Old Reliable " donned
the femal atire. Now she wishes so many more women
with ether scientific or practical education would write for
Mis Wilson that you'd hav to enlarge her space. Pa's ben
readin' it, too. He says in thes days when so meny men
refus to suport a family, lots are mean enuf to find fault if
a woman takes the job ; and meny wimen are ferful of hav-
ing bond-chains riveted on them by matrimony, so worthy
wimen are compelled or choose to ern their own living, and
it is plesing to see some one come to the front and advocate
woman's rites in apicultur with so much practical ability as
Mis Wilson is doing it.

I'v ben reading all the papers, too, and I think pa's
rite. She keeps her field clear of pretentius " weeds ". Not
only us little boys does she lug out, but if a big " Hasty "
man, not easy caut, gets in she gets after him with her
pointed cane, and big bitin' and " Eaton " dog, with his
doggies and " Doggetts ", and chases him back into his own
big field. Ha a-a ! as he gits over the fence with his ears
hangin' he glances back and thinks aloud, " I'm lickt ".

Womantown, Dec, 1904. Joly Jo.

ViXi\ f)astij's

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The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

NEW "heads" make his head swim.
My " head " swims, Miss Ayebejay. Hardly got recon-
ciled to the one you gave me last before you whisked away
my honey-knife and dealt me a new caput. Hence, this in-
clination to " put a head " on somebody. Momentarily ex-
pecting to open the Journal and find myself reading up and
down like a Japanese conundrum.

selecting larv^ for queen-rearing.
Only about IS of the experts seem to be competent on
Ques. 19. It is quite important to know whether there is
serious danger of too old a larva being chosen queen by a
colony suddenly made queenless ; yet few of the respondents
cover exactly that point. At least 9 of the IS allude to the
great variability of the age chosen. Only about S out of the
15 express confidence that newly-hatched larva; will be
chosen usually. More would have done so had they covered
that point perhaps. The true inwardness of this difficult

question depends upon another question still more difficult.
For the first 48 hours of life is the food identical for young
worker and young queen ? I suppose a good many would
answer : Practically, yes — and therefore it makes no par-
ticular difference whether the young queen is " elected " at
hatching or at 48 hours old. I take it that another good
many (and with some hesitation I will cast my lot among
them) entertain doubts about that. Still possible that the
young worker 3 hours old, and the young queen 3 hours old,
may not be fed exactly the same food. Page 837.

BEE-CRANKOSITY.

(Abstract noun.) A disease. Sometimes becomes
chronic ; and has been known to persist 30 years. Page 838.

THE eyes of bees AND HOW THEY WORK.

Prof. Cook does quite as well for us in giving us the
generalities about bees' eyes as he would have done in going
into minute matters. As he hints, two kinds of eyes so
diverse suggest difference of function. But it seems no one
stands ready to prove that yet. And as to what the differ-
ence of function is, if any, few even propound a working
theory that sounds plausible. That animal eyes are round,
and insect eyes much elongated I should guess is merely the
natural result of the inevitable smallness of the latter. The
laws of optics demand a space between lens and focus that
easily can be had in a large eye of any shape, but in a
minute eye only by elongation. Interesting to find that
general structure, even to the humors, is similar to animal
eyes. I had somehow got the idea that the sections of a
compound eye were empty like telescope tubes. And so the
retina shows more decided differences that the other parts
do. Prof. Cook alludes to the apparent fact that bee-vision
is not keen. I have often thought of this. The fact .that
hungry bees will never rush to food on the sight of it, as
pigs or chickens do, seems to be proof positive on that
point. On the other hand, a bee on the war-path sees well
enough (and quickly) to discriminate between clothed sur-
faces and bare skin, and to select eye-lids, and lips, and ear
as favorite places to sting. Or will much of this turn out
to be super-sensitive smell ? Sight hardly suffices to select
the thin places of a glove in preference to the thick places,
and bees will do that nicely. It seems the observers have it
almost proved that each section of a compound eye has
fractional vision instead of operating as an independent
eye. Each facet takes a part of the object, and the optic
never puts the parts together. Curious. I'll guess that the
overlapping of images doesn't do much harm, and that the
fractions are not put together quite as sharply as the sec-
tions of a patchwork quilt. Page 838.

SHOOTING SWARMS OFF TREES.

My inner consciousness tells me, Mr. StoUey, that no
man alive can always tell the spot where a shot-off branch
will fall. Swings hither and yon before it starts ; and the
amount and direction of the swinging depends upon too
many things — the completeness of the severance for one.
Have the hive all ready and near by. Bring 'em down first ;
and then set the hive just at the most promising spot. Of
course, Mr. S. is thinking of blowing completely away an
inch or so of the branch. Perhaps he can do it — some-
times. The tall trees that most bother me are basswoods ;
and sometimes the bees break the limbs off themselves and
fall. Alas, it's the exceptional and not the usual luck for a
cluster to form where it has clear way to drop to the ground
without lodging into something 1 Page 838.

SAWING OFF SWARMS — A CORRECTION.

My attack on the habit of sawing off swarms has a bad
" out " either in my copying or in the printer's work. Not
true that so many as several hundred in each thousand cause
damage to the neighbors. What I was trying to say was
that several hundred cause damage to the trees ; and that
several dozens cause damage to neighbors' trees. Page 7.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook ;
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
It. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

Why Not send in some new subscriptions'for the Amer-
ican Bee Journal ? Samples free for the asking. _.

Feb. 2, 19t5.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

89

=%

Doctor ZTliUcr's
Question = Sox

J

Send Questions either to the office ot the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.

Bee-House Bees Exercising In Winter.

Is it ijest to open the doors of the bee-house on Bne days for the
bees to exercise? It is perfectly dark when the door is closed.

Michigan.

Answer. — It the construction is such that the bees will easily find
their way back to their hives, they may be allowed to fly; otherwise
not.

When to Clip Queens' WInss.

When,is the proper time to clip queens' wings? Vermont.

Answer. — Your desire for a speedy answer suggests that you may
be thinking of clipping in winter. Don't do it. Neither should you
do it on the day bees take their first flight in the spring. But any
time after that before swarming-time, on a day when bees are flying
and gathering from flowers.

Moving Bees a Short Distance.

I have 6 colonies of bees, and want to move them this winter
about 300 yards, over in a young orchard. Can they be moved with-
out the bees leaving the hives next spring when they begin to fly?
Will they go back to the old place where they were last year, or will
they take to their new places where I intend to put them this winter?
I would not want to lose the bees by moving them. Oregon.

Answer. — Move them at a time when they have had no flight for
a long time and there will be no trouble, especially if the old spot is
changed as much as possible in appearance.

A Method of Preventing Increase.

I have kept bees on the farm for 14 years. I aim to keep down
swarming as far as possible, by hiving the prime swarms on old
stands. I hate 50 colonies now. and don't want any more increase.
What will probably be the result if I hive prime swarms on the old
stand, and break up the old colonies, and about eight days later unite
it with the prime swarm? Or can you suggest a better plan?

Subscriber.

Answer. — Tour plan may work all right if you don't mind the
loss of brood. Here's a plan that would not result in loss of brood, if
you don't mind the trouble: When a prime swarm issues kill or re-
move the queen, returning the swarm, and a week later destroy all
queen-cells but one. Better still, put your ear against the hive each
evening, beginning a week after swarming, and when you hear piping
destroy all cells the next morning.

Hives, Sections, Supers, Etc.

^

I would like to have a catalog of bee-supplies describing the
hives, sections and frames that you use, and where they can be had.
with prices. Which is the best arrangement for honey with the least
trouble and manipulation, to keep bees with outdoor wintering, where
the temperature goes as low as 30 degrees below zero! I have been
thinking of making box-hives of 2-inch lumber, 3J.2 feet deep, 12 or 14
inches inside measurement; fit them up with frames, with supers lo
suit, and interchangeable with 2-pound sections.

West Virginia.

Answer. — Taking the last part of your letter first, I should
advise against you making more than one or two hives, such as you
describe, till you're sure you'll like them. I doubt whether you will.
Two-inch lumber will be expensive and unwieldy without correspond-
ing advantage. Very likely you think the heavier lumber will be
warmer for winter ; but you can have the extra warmth more easily
with some kind of outside packing, if it's nothing more than corn-
stalks piled around, and you will find the thinner walls better for sum-
mer. If the cold is so continuous that there Is seldom any chance for
the bees to fly in winter, it would be worth your while to try at least a
colony or two in the cellar, Tou see it isn't so, much the severity of
the cold as its continuousness that is to be considered. If the teiii
perature goes down to 30° below zero every two weeks, and if the
bees have a chance to fly every two or three weeks, they'll winter oiii
doors all right. If it never goes below zero, but keeps somewhere in
that neighborhood without a chance to fly for five months, then they
are better in the cellar.

I'm sorry to say that I don't know of a catalog that has every-

thing in it just as I use it, but any catalog will contain what I use with
just two changes that you can have made to order. I dislike having
anything but regular goods, but when I think any one thing out of
the regular order is decidedly better Jor me than regular goods, I feel
obliged to make the change. One of the things is a plain cleat on
each end of the hive I'.x".., and as long as the full width of the hive.
It is away ahead of short cleats or hand-holes for handling the hives,
and it strengthens the weakest place in the hive — the thin part left by
the rabbet. The other is the Miller frame, which you can have made
to order. You'll get nearly the same thing it you order the regular
staple-spaced frames, I feel very confident you'll like the full cleats,
but you may not like the Miller frame as well as I. It makes as little
trouble with bee-glue as any self-spacing frame I know of.

As before said, by ordering specially these two changes you can
get from any catalog the things I use, which are: The 8-frame dove-
tailed hive (unless you pay very close attention to your bees the 10-
trame may be better for you, especially it you winter them outdoors),
the T super, the common 434x1% section, with plain wooden separa-
tors. Yes, there is one other thing, too, that is different from the
catalogs, but it is not so important in my estimation as the other
things, and that's the bottom-board. It is just the plainest kind of an
affair, a box open at the front end and two inches deep. You will
find them in the catalogs as much as Ji-inch deep, but for winter two
full inches is none too deep. In summer the extra depth may be
filled up with a piece of board, or in any other way.

It just occurs to me that if you get a regular 10-frame hive it will
be without a dummy. I don't believe I could stand that; for the
dummy is of the greatest importance in getting out the first frame; so
in that case I should probably use 9 frames and a dummy thick
enough, or, still better, two thin ones.

I thank you for your kind words.

"Shook" Swarms and Out-Aplarles.

1. I want to start an out-apiary ot about 12 colonies next spring
for the production of comb honey. I would like to practice the
shook-swarm method. What would be best to shake the bees on,
empty combs, starters, or full sheets of foundation?

2. When would it be advisable to practice the shook-swarm
method, when they have the frames mostly full ot brood, or would
they have to have queen-cells started, as I can not visit the out-apiary
but once in a week?

3. Would I have to put a frame of brood in the empty hive with
the shook swarm ?

4. I practiced the shook-swarm method a little last summer, but
some of them would swarm out again the next day. What was the
cause of that?

5. Now, it I want to produce extracted honey would it be neces-
sary to have a queen-excluder above the first story, or let the queen
have full access to the hive? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. Empty combs are probably best, and full sheets of
foundation next.

2. Wait till queen-cells are started, at least the earlier ones. As
the season advances you can shake without waiting for queen-cells,
provided you are sure you want them all shaken.

3. Not sure. Perhaps it would be well to give one frame ot brood
to be taken away at next visit.

4. 1 don't know. Possibly it was hot in the empty hive, and they
swarmed out just as a natural swarm often does under the same cir-
cumstances, A frame ot brood may hold them,

5. You can do either, depending upon circumstances. It all
stories have combs just alike, use an excluder; it combs in the upper
story are widely spaced and well built out, an excluder may not be
neceesary. It is said the queen will not trouble so much if extracting

frames are shallow.

< I > ■

What Is Honey?— Honey Inspectors.

Dr. Miller, you, like Solomon of old, are called on to solve all
hard and knotty questions. In these days ot adulteration and pure-
food laws, a farmer with an apiary is likely to be " jerked " for selling
his own production. His milk, cider-vinegar, and buckwheat flour
must be inspected. And now the big honey-producers are forcing a
honey-inspector, and I would like to know what honey is, and all that
is honey.

Long ago, before sweets were manufactured, honey was given to
man ; all the liquid, viscid sweets that the bees gathered and stored in
waxen cells and capped over was honey, pure and unadulterated
honey, and was good food for man. We know there are as many
kindsot honey as there are sources from which it is gathered.

Please explain honey so that we need not fear to feed our bees and
get "jerked " for it, Illinois.

Answer,— My good friend, if Solomon didn't know any more
about things in general than I do about bees, he was something of a
slouch in wisdom, after all. Certainly, I don't feel competent to the
task of saying in a few words just what honey is. It will hardly do
to say it's any liquid substance that bees store in cells, for it ought
not to include sugar syrup. No more will it do to say that nothing is
honey except that made from nectar gathered from the flowers by the
bees, for with that restricted definition I wouldn't dare to guarantee
as pure a single pound ot any honey I might produce. Some kind of
a definition should be framed that would include anything sweet
stored by the bees without being fed by man. possibly ; and possibly
that isn't right. Sealed proposals for a satisfactory definition may be
sent postpaid to this otUce !

90

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2, 1905.

Reports anb
(Sxpcricnces

Bees Wintering Well,

We have now 10 colonies in 8-frame, dove-
tailed hives. To-day being a fine day we
looked through them and found them all in
fine condition, strong in bees, and with the
exception of two all had plenty of stores.
Until ChristEQas we had fine weather, but now
have had a few cold days but no snow yet and
bees can fly almost daily. C. H. Koektz.

Cleburne Co., Ala., .Jan. 31.

Weight of Sections— Fapmep
Bee-Keepers.

One Sunday morning I had a caller to whom
I gave a section of honey. He ate it all and
went to church. A young man asked a gro-
cer if he would give him as much honey for
35 cents as he could eat. The grocer agreed,
and this man ate 3 sections, and said he
<!Ould eat one more, but he didn't want to be
" hoggish ".

I sold 3 shipping-cases of honey to a large
family in our village. One weighed 33 and
the other 34 pounds. One of the boys said to
me: "My brother — S years old — can eat 3
sections at a time."

Last fall I sold extracted honey to a country
woman. She saw comb honey on the table
And said: "We can't afford to buy comb
honey, for one section would not be enough.
We are 5 at our table.''

I write this because in the Colorado con-
vention report appeared something to this ef-
fect: that 13 ounces would be enough in a
section ; people want honey on the table but
once. Are the millionaires the greatest
honey-consumers ?

Tears ago I wrote to the American Bee
Journal that selling honey by the piece for a

DRUM CORPS
^ BANDS

I Get our Catalogue of Drums and Band |
luHtrunients befure you buy. It illus-
trates an elegant line of Drums. — drums
j for tbe little boy, the big boy and the Drum
Corps,— every drum a "rattling" bargain.
Fifes and Bugles to match the drums. A |
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[occasion— we have it all— sheet music, band ,
books, orchestra musiCj^ and instruction f
[books for all instruiiients. " A request J
brings a big lot of samples, and our ^
catalogues put you in touch with bar-
gains you eannotduplicate£lsawhere.
'i Get our catalogues and see. They re j
free. Ask for list of SECOND-
HAND instruments, all repaired |
I and as near )ike new as ii is possible
1 to make them. Mention special
Instrument or set as you may
want — we have bargains every
day, but don't deiav. tomorrow
' may be too late. Write today.

H. E. McMILLIN.

108 Superior Street, Cleveland, Ohio ,

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< If goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder."

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Everything' used by Bee-Keepers. ^a

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In your Garden

Doyou know-how best to get most of It out? Subscribe for a paper
that details every montb all tbe newest methods practiced. It is

THE FRUIT-GROWER

A paper devoted to fruit culture, with a garden department. We will publish In March,
1906, a special "Gardening' number full of '-meat" for gardeners and farmers. Subscribe

now and pet information worth hundreds of dollars in profit,
"1905 Specials" on '-Hpraying,'' "Apples" and "Small Kruits

This is one of four
Apples" and "Small Kruits." Subscription, 50o
yearly. Send25candnamesof 10 persons interested in fruit-growing, forayears
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forStateseastofOhio. The Frult-Grower Co.. 1006 S. 7th, St. Joseph. Mo

Please mention Bee JDumal -when 'writine

1 8c Each-Bee-Eotrance Goards-Sc. i

5 This device is placed before the entrance to prevent the queen from coming ^T

^ out during s warming-time, or for excluding drones. ^.

^ Every liee-hive should be supplied. Each 8 cents, 5!

9 It is to your advantage to send for our prices on other SUPPLIES. We ffl

S save you money. ^;

I JOHN DOLL & SON, f.

:^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. S.

Please Mention the Bee Journal lJl?iSJf£

Feb. 2, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

91

pound, even if it does not weigh it, is not
right, and I will always say so. I think it
does injustice to all bee-keepers.

I sold 23 pounds of extracted honey to a
family formerly living at Milwaukee. They
had to pay 14 cents per pound there. I think
some dealers take too large a profit.

I read Mr. Bartz' article on honest weight
with great interest, but when I read Mr.
Hasty's '• Afterthought "—about Mr. Bartz
with his n ounces — it made me so angry I
thought I would never read Hasty's " After-
thought " again.

A question arose in the Wisconsin State As-
sociation, "Shall we encourage farmers to
keep bees?" It was answered, 'No, they
spoil the honey market", and every bee-
keeper ought to keep less bees so as to in-
crease the price of honey. When one kind of
grain or one kind of cattle, etc., becomes too
cheap, the farmers sow or raise less of that
kind.

I always got 10 cents per pound for my ex-
tracted honey, but for the last year-and-a-hal£
I sell it at 8 cents because a farmer sold his
extracted for that price. I sold 1,000 pounds
or more last year and most of this to farmers,
but if all farmers kept bees, should we sell
this honey to dealers for 6 cents per pound ?

I got about 85 pounds of comb honey per
colony, spring count, last season. I have all
my bees in 10-frame hives.

Wm. Duescher.

Brown Co., Wis., Jan. 11.

Winter Confinement of Bees.

I have 33 colonies of bees, and have worked
to prevent swarming, succeeding pretty well.
I work for both comb and extracted honey.

I have wintered bees in the cellar for the
past 25 years, and they always come through
good and strong. I do not believe taking
them out early does them any good, and I

WISCONSIN SEED CORN SHIPPED ON EAR

Here Is what you have been looking for. Buy on
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Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larpe stock and
greatest variety of everything^
needed in the Apiary, assur-
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EST prices, and prompt ship-
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keeper to have our Free Ii>

LUSTRATED CATALOG, and

read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives^ etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,Neb.: Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluflfs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers. Laraar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO,. Red Oak, Iowa.

s'lfipsje mention Bee Jonmai ^vtien wntane

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Carry a complete stock of

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Lowest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

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Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

36A26t

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completelj than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Oiscounta to the Trade.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Uet us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cagb.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

^'lease roftutiorj "Bee iofXTtiai wixati -wrltlw*

87 \ Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

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Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
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^ Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES.

EARLY ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OP SUPPLIES.

Wholesale and Retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger A Co , Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

«i;S UIX'r.TIKR. Augrnsta. IVis.

flease mention Bee Joumal -when writing

92

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2. 190S

THIS TELEPHONE

PAYS -

sl Its Oori? fi)St I

liiiliiii

Don't let cost keep you from the
money saving features of a telephone.
Cost cuts little figure if returns war-
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timely sale when prices are highest, or
assistance in time of need — when
accident, fire, or sickness occurs, is
worth ten times the cost of a

Stromberg-Carlson Telephone

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used to sell others. We have just published a book that tells ALL
about telephones. Ask for book F- 80, "Telephone Facts for
Farmers." We send it. free on request. Address nearest office.

Stromberg Carlson Tel. Co. "S^hVII^I? .lV*

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

ourHI^V'ES and SEOTIOlSrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and S

secure prompt shipment. X

We will allow you a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent in during' January. (A

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-FOK, "2"OXJR.-

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

-SEND TO THE-

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LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders till Jan. 1,1903.

lA13t

THE BEST THERE IS.

Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealing- people, want the BEST of goods, the BE5T of
serrice in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and ihe BEST of everything connected
with getting their Supplies; the VERY BEST that can possibly be given for the money is
necessary to give eniire satisfaction and what all should have.

To absolutely please bee keepers in filling their wants has been oar constant aim for
eight years, and while we do not boast about ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by
nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fall to write to us and tell us your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis* Qoods at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL ;DISC0UNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

r("iT>'ri"iTir.i'('r("iTi'rt"r('rt'ri"rt'ri"r("r['rrri'rt'rt'rt'i!<tt!t'').0!i'8

have left them in sometimes over 5 months.
It is not the length of confinement that in-
jures the bees so much as a poor quality of
honey for winter stores.

I took the American Bee Journal long be-
fore Mr. York became the publisher of it, and
I think I must be the oldest bee-keeper in this
State. I have kept bees for 36 years, and in
that time lost all but one colony. In the
course of 10 years I again lost all but one. I
built up each time from the single colony.
I live till spring I will be 79 years old.

Linn Co., Iowa, Jan. 9. D. C. Wilson

If

Rains in California.

We have just had more rain in the nick of
time. If there comes as much in February
and more in the last of March there will be a
crop, either large or small, according to the
amount of rain in March. In this locality
about one-half, or more than that, of the col-
onies, are dead. But there are enough left.
C. W. Datton.

Los Angeles, Co., Calif., Jan. 17.

" Tlie Survivai of tlie Fittest."

April 1, 1903, I had on hand 84 colonies,
and produced 4000 pounds of comb honey and
increased to 148 colonies. I left these un-
packed on the summer stands all winter,
knowing that they would survive a common
winter with very little loss. But. alas! the
uncommon winter caught them and they
starved and froze to death with from 10 to 30
pounds of honey in their hives.

May 10, 1904, I took inventory of stock and
found I had only 7 queens and about 3 quarts
of bees left. This now constituted my entire

/ Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success if you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send for Descriptive Catalogue.

CHAS.A.CYPHERS

[3926 HennySt.BUFFALO.N.Y.

Toas© nientioxi Bee Jourtifll ■wiJ«u writim;,

^ PROGRESS^

I pnblUh and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best
all-around 50-ceat monthlj bee-jonrnal
In America. On trial 3 months tor this
ad. with 10 cents. Clubbed with this pub-
lication both for one year for $1 35; or
send us 25 cents for a 3 months' trial and
your name and address on a 2-line rub-
ber stamp; self-Inking pad, 2Sc extra.
Or send $l.W and get The Rural Bee-
keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents get lib-
eral terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells them at rea&onable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
W. H. PUTNAIW.
Dept. 50-C. Klver Falls, Wis.

lAtf

Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

The Rietsche Press

r Made of artificial stone. Practically lode-
stroctible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb loundalion made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal -wnen -wrltlnf!

Feb. 2, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

93

M A SOLID FOUNDATION ^

1*^ MEAN8 /

.£ A SOLID HOUSE. V^

5 DADAIT'S FOUHDATIOI ^

i Solid, Straight, Well-Built Combs. ^

4 iio.ooo Pounds ''''"i^f;oT^'' J^

^ Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-Heepers' SuDDiies 1^

jL 0000 OF ALL KINDS. W

^ BEESWAX WANTED at all times. n^H^int ^ <>rfcnc 7

4 "

BEESWAX WANTED at all times.
Send for our 1905 Catalog.

Dadant & Sons ^

HAMILTON, ILL. K

-•«a&» TnmiTtoii tieo jonraai wnen 'wnan£

stock of bees and queens, occupying 7 hives.
I could not buy any to naake up for tlie loss,
but nursed these remaining stalwarts tenderly.
They responded to my care most nobly. For,
by Sept. 15, 1904, I had extracted 1400 pounds
of honey and increased to 20 strong colonies
of bees. This is a clear case of the survival
of the fittest, in my estimation, and I will be
greatly surprised if I have not a sturdy, hardy
and profitable lot of bees, being the progeny
•of the survivors of the severe winter of 1903
and 1904. J. T. Hammebsmare.

Tuscola Co., Mich.

Is Pickled Brood Contagious ?

All of my bees in an apiary of 51 colonies
had pickled brood except one colony of Ital-
ians. I fed honey to all the diseased colo-
nies. I let a neighbor have some combs from
one of these diseased colonies, and the colony

sfs°-°/ro/tr/fo/-

I want to
. get in touch with every
buyer of seeds. My plan of giv-
ing $5 worth of tested seeds free,
Is worth knowing. It includes a
chance to make more dollars. Send
for catalog and get packet of choice
flower seeds KKEE. ApostalwiUdoit.
HENRT FIELD

Shenanfloab, la.

TflNSy/l?"-"

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

600,000

planters scattered the world _ . .
are willing to say under oath ttiat
'■alzer'H l-iQrllo<«t ^'effeta)>k'!4 aie
from si\ to twenty davs earlier thati the earliest of their kind
prudui-ed from other seedsmen's seeds. Why f Herause lur
iiiore than one-third of a century Salzer's S'eeds have been
bred up to earliness.

SI big pliB. Salzer'N Scorcdier Pen lOv
1 •■ •• Karly Bird IfutllHh lOt-

1 •* *■ Kalz(.'r'MKarliei>>t Lettuce lOcf
1 " *• Earlit-t Cucumber 1 Oc

— V 1 " " Earilei't Bcuiim 10c

^* Jgi — ^ \ ' ** 'll'* ofjiily Sweet Corn lOc

_ ^ ^■■* I (Six davs earlier thmi Pceij ODiti )

%^%^%^ /* " " Six WeeLo Verbena 15c

^ Toial toe

Ahnve seven pnckage-S of earliest vegetable and flower novelties |>«f;
lively liiive no cqunl on e.-irih for earliiieg5. If vou wish thv t-urlii--[.
finest vegetables f'tr your home garden or fi>r tin? iiiarkt-l, Saliera actd:*
will iiru.liice ihem every time. We niail von aliove seven big tiuckutrrs
lugcttivr wilh our great phint and ^ct-.rc.icilogui- for Soc Htumpe.

FOR 16c. POSTPAID

Wo niuiir.iyou cur big catalogue wiilisufticient seed of cabbage,
leltu<:<.' onions, raijisbes and turaipa to grow 9000 lusciou.4 ve^'i-taMi
and :i [■.i^:l£age conUinine liXW kernels of bcauliful flower seed-, beside

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CO.. La Crosse, Wis

fiease mention Bee Joiuuai -when writing

I i^ 200 Ego
^INCUBATOR

Perfect io coDitractioD ana
action. IiatcheB ever7 fertiln
egg. Write for catalog tOMlaT.

QEO. H. STAHL, QulDcy, III,

-WA.KXEn-

An experienced man to work with bees.
Wages, Sa5 per month, including board. Also
young man IS or 20 years of age who wishes
to leara practical bee-keeping; posit on by
year; wages $15 per month, including board.
No drones need apply.

DR. GEO. 0. MITCHELL Jt CO., OGOEN, UTAH.

4A2t Please meation the Bee Jonrnal.

TREES THAT GROW

Hardy varieties; vield ^dP

bf^' crops. Oraftetl >^«^,
Apple, 4S'c; Budded y^^ *«*
Peach, 3'jjc; Black yl^ <J^/
Locust Seed-
in jrs, 81 per

1000; Con-
cord Grape?,
K per 100. We
pay the freipht.
Catalog. English
German, free.
GERMAN NURSERIES
99. Beatrice, Neb.

Meaae mentiou I5ee joumai wnen wntuift

fi€lean Clothes

^ 100 pieces an hour— all
clean with BUSY BKK
WA8HER. No injury
to finest fabrics. It's
* sinaple, qaick. cheap.
AgenU Wanted. Address
Busy Bee Washer Co.. Box e* Erie* Pa.
.nease meaaou Hoe juuma^ wiitau wtiuji&

94

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2, 1905.

Read This and do it Quick

The Modern Farmer.

Agricultural Epitomiet,

Green's Fruit Grower,

The Mayflower, and

Ten Beautiful Bulbs,

All One Year. 50 cents.

New subscribers to American Bee Journal
can add 60 cents and get it also one year.
Address,

MODERN FARMER,

Box B, SX. .lOSEPH, MO.

II' ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. 11 |j Ssod |

Send for free catalogue. f fOf

UHT/I MFG. CO., LIGONIEII, INDIAKt. FniCltllOI °

Please mention Bee Journal when ■writing

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.

The 20th Century Poultry Hagazlne.

15th year, 33 to 64 pages. Beautifully illus-
trated, up-to-date and helpful. Best known
writers. Shows readers how to succeed with
poultry. 50 CENTS PER YEAR. Special intro-
ductory offers: 10 monihs 25 cents, including
large practical poultry book free; 4 months'
triallO cents. Stamps accepted. Sample copy
free. POULTRY SUCCESS Co. Dept.17,
Springfield, Ohio, or Des Moines, Iowa.

49Ctf Please mention the Bee Journal.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. PARENTjOf

' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We

cut with one of your Com-

■ bined Machines, last winter-

SO chaff hives with 7-iii. cap,

100 honey racks, 500 brood,

frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and

a great deal of other work.

This winter we have double

the amount of bee-hives, etc.,

\ to make, and we expect to do

. ? it with this Saw. It will do all

TOU say it wlU." Catalog and price-list free.
'Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
neaae mention Bee Journal when WTllSnc

The AmericanPoultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

A I .r^.. •.no I that is over a quarter of a
journal century old and IS still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
Its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
hey are conducted. In fact the entire field is
nliy covered by an e.xpert bee-man. Besides
his the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, SO cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

118 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.
Please mention Bee Journal wli«n wrttme

LICE SAP LIFE

ThatL- hi>w they live and thrive.
Yuu L-an I hitve healthy. i>iotitabie
fowla or BtOL-h ana have lu-e too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect rermin nnd
makes sitliiiu- liena comforlahlB.
Sampie lli.-; ion nz,. »1.00 liy express.
O. K. STOOK Foon <«..
1>. .1. LntnlKTl, Vire-Pres.
406 Moiion ItldK., Chlcafto, III.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

into which he put them iDecame diseased, so
we destroyed it. I have killed 3 lots of bees
to get rid of picl:led brood, but I suspect it
will return next season.

I sent samples of the dead larva; and brood
to several experts on bee-diseases, and they all
said it was pickleil brood; I believe all but
one of them think the disease contagious, and
I am afraid it is. C. J. Barber.

Monona Co., Iowa, Jan. 14.

A WONDER WORKER

A metal incubator that hatches th'
kind of chickens a hen does
— good, atrontr healthy chicks.

The Cycle Hatcher
is the only machine mad© that
conforms to the exact laws of
nature in incubatii>n. Won-
derful results have been ob-
tained. 50 eRtr size only »5.^

Free Catalogue. Cycle Hatcher Co., Boi 224, Salem H.Y

''tease manuozt tsae joothaj wneii wtilluj^

L iBTTtnln, LIcc Killing Machme

kills all lice andTmltes. Ko Injury to
birds or feathers. Handles an y fovrl,
smallest chick to largest gobbler.
Mtde In thn* aliea P«ja for lte«lf first eeuon.
AltD Lightning £Ae» KilUnff Powder, Poult-ry
liitJi. Liee Mitrder.etc. Wo •ocur* ipecUl low
eipT«M ntea. CktAlog mftllod tn*. Write lor IC

'' CHAS. SCHILD CO.,
lU26t 401 Prospect St., Cleveland, Ohio.
Plea«!e mention Bee Journal -wnen •writinje.

§ Tti6 Gratiaiii-ttude B66 Go. ,,

{^ SPECIALTIES r)

Falconer's Bee-Keepera' Supplies

At Factort Prices. We have Falcon-
er's branch house covering the entire
Southwestern States and Mexico.
Send for special catalog, etc.
Bees and Queens.

All leading races. Bees and Nuclei in
any quantity for distant shipments a
specialty. Send for circular and prices.
Honey and Wax.

Bought and sold. Honey-Cans in season.
Be sure and get our prices.
OUR MOTTO.

To have everything the bee-keeper needs
and to buy his products in return.
Correspondence earnestly solicited.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.

(Successors to The Hyde Bee-Snpply Co,)
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

40-Pa§e Catalog Free!
Fullinformation regardlDK all kinds of BEK-
KEBPERS' SUPPLIES, Best goodB. Latest Im-
provements. Danzeu baker Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John Nbbel & Son StipPLY
Co.. High Hill, Mo, 3Dtf

Please mention Bee Jotimal -when wntlne.

1 \-2 STORY

8 frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-way su-
pers, $1.00. No. 1 Seclions, $4 00 for 1,000. 24-lb.
Shipping-Cases, $13 00 for 100; 121b., $8.ai for
100; 20-lb. Danz., $11.00 for lOO.

HIVES, Sections. Foundation.

etc., by the Car-Load One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free with . rders of fS OO or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W. D. SOPER,

iDtf Rt.3. Jackson. Mich.

Please mention Bee journal when wntina;

TUB

Dixie Home

A YEAR.

lO CBIMTS

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
ziMB in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce It ONLY.
It is bright and up-
o-dale. Tells all about Southern Home Life,
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
inildiags and famous people. Send at once.
5c a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ida and Mexico. Six years, SOc. Or, clubs of
6 names, SOc; 12 for $1. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps taken. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
24A48t No. 7S. Birmingham. Alabama.

Flease mention Bee Journal when -writiiig.

BEST OF All"

That's what users sav about the great

x^ PRAIRIE STATE

Incubators and Brooders

Our illustrated catalog tells why

they are best. It's free. Write.

Prairie 8tate Incubator Co.,

Box S54. Homer City, Pa.

flease menxion Bee Journal wneJi wnTinA

566-K66D6r8' hW0&.

Send for Catalog.

Leahu Mfg. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

be sis^S. IS o» c mojj asBj pay
c ^no oa asAa^ ■

a

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18. 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything la
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
eood enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

JEW POULTRY CATALOGUE
FREE. Our lar^e 190.Tl'ouhry iiulde is the
leader. It'sthe bestbook ever published. T*IIb-
' howtomreforand MAKE BIG MONEY wUh pmil-
trj. Worth S26 to anvone- Send l-ic. forniailing.

JOHN BAUSCHER, Jr., Box 94, Freeport, Ilia.

f*iBiise meiiuon Wee joumaj wHen wnUnft.

Fruitful Trees Pi^vTS^n'^fiir

MitUons of Fruit and Forest Trees. Apples. Peaches.
Cherries, Grapes and Strawberries. R. Mulberry ana
Black Locust Seedlings at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on 810 orders. Guaranteed to reach you rrcBa.
and bright. Don't miss our free catalogue.

GAGE COUNTY KUKSERIES
Box 646 Beatrice, Keb^

4^DlSG0UnU0F6t).lSl

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for .sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

48Atf

LANSING. MICH.

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE ^^

=0 Ihs or over, at S cents per pound Address,
5A9t JOStPH SHAW, Strong City, Kans.

s

END YOUR NAME

lur speoiftl lo 'la* trial propuflitii'n on tb*

DANOy GREEN BONE CUTTER

The r« test ftD<l oa?icet rnnninp ma-rhino ri«'lo. It ,
will double v>-'tireirgjlelil. PrloeJ.'iup.

StrattonMfs. Co., Bx31,£rle; Pa. I

Feb. 2. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

95

I»H3R,IfB!CT OOODS I

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

We manufacture

BEE -SUPPLIES

OP ALL KINDS.

(Been at it over 20 years.)

it Is always BEST to buy of the maken.

INew Illustrated Catalog Free.

For nearly 14 years we have published

Tlie i flmerican i Bee-Keeper

(Monthly, 50c a year.)

The best mag^azlue for beg'itiaers, edited by one

of the most experienced bee-keepers in

America. Sample copy free.

Address,

Tb W.T. FALCONER MFG. COMPANY

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gerrlsh, Epping-, N. H., carries a full
line of out goods at Catalog prices. Order of
him and save the freight.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Wisconsin.— A bee-keepers* convention will
be held at River Falls, Wis., Feb. 8 and 9. An
interesting program. Evening session with
stereopticon lecture by N. E. France. All bee-
keepers are cordially invited to participate.
W. H. Putnam.

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual coavention
Feb. 23d and 24th, at the Eagle Hotel in Grand
Rapids. The Eagle Hotel is located at 6S to 71
Market St., cor. of Lewis St., one block south
of Monroe St. It will give a rate of $1.50 per
day, and fornish a room free for holding the
convention. The Michigan State Dairymen's
Convention will, meet in Grand Rapids at the
same time, and advantage may be taken of this
fact to secure reduced rates on the railroads.
When buying your ticket, ask for a certificate
on account ofthe Dairymen's'Conveuliou. The
secretary of the Dairymen s Association will
sign this certifiaate which will then enable the
holder to buy a return ticket for one-third fare.
W. Z. HnxcHiNSON, Pres.

0^

STANDARD

Poultry ANo

P^f^p SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultrj' and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

60-page Illustrated Catalog will be out
Feb. 1. Send your name for one.

GRIGGS BROS,

531 Monroe Street,
TOLiEDO, - OHIO.

4A23t Please mention the Bee Journal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigcning^, baying- or selling^, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
166 South Water St. Chicago, III.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOB 1905 DOW OH HAID.
FEEIGHT BATES FBOM CIHCIIINATI ABE TEE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

' For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and SaJesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Please mention Bee Journal ■when -writing

^oncy anb

Chicago, Jan. 24.— The trade in honey is not
large and the offerings on the contrary are
quite liberal. This makes an easy market for
the buyer. Fancy white comb, 12^(S 13c; No. 1,
12/" I2iic; off grades, 10(S*llc. Extracted, white,
6(g 7c, according to flavor, quality and package;
anything off about one cent lower; amber
grades, S>t@6}ic. Beeswax, 29@30c.

R. A. BUSHBTT i Co.

Boston, Jan. i. — The market la without
change since last writing. The demand con-
tinues light, and supply is more than ample-
We quote: Fancy white, 16c; A No. 1, ISc; No.l.
14c, with practically no demand for No. 2. Ex,
tracted, from 6@8c, according to quality.

BI.&KB, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, Jan. 9.— The demand for comb
honey still continues light, as most of the re-
tail dealers were stocked up on $2.25 honey be-
fore the holidays, two cars of which were sold
here at that time. We look for a better market
in the near future, and quote: Fancy comb,
24-section cases, $2.50; No. 1, $2.25. Extracted,
white, per pound, 6(g»6)ic; amber, S>^@6c. Bees,
wax, No. 1, 28@30c. C. C. Clbmons A Co.

Cincinnati, O., Dec. 19.— Comb honey is now
coming In more freely, and prices if anything
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12@13)<c; single cases, I4c. Ex-
tracted is sold a^ follows: White clover, in
barrels, 6Hc; In cans, 7K@8c; amber, in bar-
rels, S}i@SKc; in cans, 6®6Hc. Beeswax. 27c.
C. H. W. Wkbee

Philadelphia, Jan. 9.— The market is un-
changed from our last quotations, and trading
light. We quote: Fancy white, lS@16c; No. 1,
13@14c; amber, ll@12c. Extracted, white, 7@8c;
amber, 6@7c. Beeswax, 26c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Cincinnati, Dec. 30.— Since our last report
was published, the price of extracted honey has
advanced, no doubt acting in sympathy with
the sugar market. We quote amber extracted
in barrels at 6(ai6)ic; white clover, in barrels
and cans, 6Ji@8Hc. Fancy comb honey, 13@14c.
Beeswax, 28c. The Fred W.Muth Co.

Albany, N.Y., Dec. 26.— Comb honey is mov-
injr off very well considering the heavy re-
ceipts and cold weather. Prices not as high
as early fall, as usual, but very good yet.
Fancy white, 14@15c; No. 1,13c: mixed, 12@13c.
Buckwheat, ll@12c; mixed, 10@Hc. Extracted,
dark, 6@6>4c; light, 6>i@7c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Jan. 4. — White comb. 1-lb.
sections, U}i@12}ic; amber,9®llc. Extracted
white, 6(a)6X cents; light amber, 4M@S)ic; am-
ber, 3Ji@45ic; dark amber, 3@3iic. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Market is quiet and not noteworthy for
strength. Although stocks here and through-
out the interior are light, there is little inquiry,
either for shipment or on local account. There
is strong probability, however, that the spring
trade will absorb the light stocks remaining.

Nevp York, Jan. 9.— The market on comb
honey is decidedly dull, and while there is no
stock of dark and buckwheat to amount to
much, all grades of white honey are plentiful,
and for the present we cannot encourage ship-
ments. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at
13c; No. 2 at ll@l2c; buckwheat at 10c. Ex-
tracted honey is in fair demand, with abundant
supplies and a weakening tendency is noticea-
ble in the market. We quote white at 6(u 6>4c;
light amber at S!<@6c; dark. 5@5!ic per pound;
Southern at 52@5Sc per gallon. Beeswax, 29c.
Hildreth & Segelken.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

- DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
(^ THE HARSHFIELD nANUFACTURINO CO., Harshfleld, Wis. jS

Flease menuon tiee journal 'wnen -writme

96

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2, 1905.

WHILE THEY LAST=THEY ARE GOING FAST.

First edition only 1000 copies. Send for one at once.
Published only by G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U S.A.

Price
10 cents

BEE

GIVEN FREE!

The above represents the front cover of our new little book, " Bee Pranks". This book is compiled from clippings taken from newspapers
all over the country, and gives many strange and laughable actual occurrences in the life of this interesting little insect, the honey-bee. We
will send it postpaid for 12 cents in stamps, or free for the names ami addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity.

G. B. LEWIS GO., Manufacturers of Bee- Keepers' SuDDlies, Watertown, Wis.

a\ncnca

lum

7>\.

»^r''^<^'.

■'■if

"4

t

r,\

Bee 3ournal

45th Year.

CHICAGO, ELL., FEB. 9, 1905.

No. 6.

(Si-L- page lUO.)

C. M. SCOTT.

98

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9, 19CS.

The ABC of Bee Culture.

Probably no other bee-book in any language has had the immense sale the A B C of Bee Culture has enjoyed. The last edition, bringing-
its sales up to 100,000, is just from the press ; and so rapid are the sales that frequently editions have been exhausted before the new ones could
be taken from the press. Of the last 3 or 4 editions, so great has been the demand that anywhere from 1500 to 2000 copies have been ordered
before these editions were even off the press. The secret of its large sales may be in part explained by the testimonial below.

It contains over 500 double-column octavo pages, bound in cloth, half morocco, or full leather, to suit the taste of the purchaser. It is
not an A B C in the sense that it is written for beginners only, but an exhaustive cyclopedia for the veteran as well, covering every subject re-
lating to the practical management of bees. Its rapid sales have made it necessary to revise it at least once in two years, and sometimes oftener.
Neither time nor money is spared to bring it clear up to date in every department of our rapidly advancing pursuit; and so extensive have been
the changes that many of our customers get a new copy as fast as each new edition is issued.

The whole work wiis originally set up in standing type, so that it is very easy to add new matter or change old, blending the whole into
one complete treatise. The latest edition, that for 1905, was revised and rewritten after the reviser had traveled some 10,000 miles among bee-
keepers in various parts of the United States to study the methods and practices in vogue among the most successful honey-producers. Photos
were taken by him and the major part of all the material gathered has been incorporated in this volume. The articles are prepared in such a
way that they fit every locality in the United States. The subject of Swarming, for instance, has been modified to fit the peculiar conditions as
they exist in Texas, California, and the far West, as well as in the Eastern and Central States of the North. The chapter on Wintering now
applies to every locality in the country. Then there is a special article on " Location ", and its bearing upon methods and practices in different
parts of the United States. Besides the methods of management of the bees themselves, the general subject of preparing the crop for market
and selling the same is exhaustively considered in its various phases.

Some of the new subjects that have been incorporated in the new edition are the following : Beginning with Bees ; Bees as a Nuisance ;
Bees, Stingless; Bellflower; Black Brood; Foul Brood; Canada Thistle; Candied Honey; Encalyptus; Gloves for handling Bees; Guajilla; Log-
wood; Marigold; Orange-blossom Honey; Organizations of Bee-Keepers; Overstocking; Profits in Bees; Queen- Rearing; besides a large number
of changes, more or less extensive, important ones, too, in nearly all of the older subjects.

A.XJTIIOR, SHIP.

The book was originally written by A. I. Root, who, as far back as 1877, saw the need of a work of this kind. There are still quite a num-
ber of the articles remaining written by himself; but ill-health, together with interest in other things, made it necessary for him to drop the
work he had so grandly started. The general work of revision and keeping the book up to the times has devolved on his son, E. R. Root, who
has probably written two-thirds of the work as it now stands.

The Need of Bee-Literature.

BT O. C. GKBINEB.

During the 30 years of my bee-keeping
I have been a constant reader of at least
one bee-periodical ; at times two, and even
three, have been my regular visitors. I
always supposed that by keeping in close
touch with the writings of our most prom-
inent experts, any bee-keeper would be
enabled to keep up with the times. This
is one reason why I never, until recently,
owned one of our standard textbooks on
bee-culture. Accidentally, for that is all
the reason I can assign for it, I ordered a
short time ago a copy of the "ABC of
Bee Culture ", and I must confess I was
surprised in more than one way.

When I opened the package I was fa-
vorably impressed with its outward ap-
pearance. Neat and tasty in its general
make-up, it would be a desirable addition
to the most scrupulously selected library,
especially as its contents are in harmony
(as I afterwards found) with the outside.

The next pleasing feature was the point
of expense. Comparing the size of the
book, its workmanship and the amount of
reading matter it contains with the price,
it is well worth the money the publishers
ask for it ; it is within the reach of any
moderately-stocked-up pocket-book.

But its contents struck my fancy more
than anything else. The way it is written
— encyclopedia style— makes it an index
by itself, so that any subject desired can
be readily found. In looking over its
pages I find that it is not only an indis-
pensable guide to the beginner, but it is a
great help to the veteran of many years'
experience. It covers the ground com-

pletely, from the first rudimentary princi-
ples to the most scientific observations
and discoveries of the present day, thus^
making its perusal interesting as well as
instructive to the readers of all classes.

Under the impression of a little over-
rated self-estimation we are sometimes in-
clined to think that we know all that a
text-book of this kind contains, or at least
all that is of any importance to the suc-
cessful management of our business. This
is an illusion. We may by years of expe-
rience and study become experts in cer-
tain lines, but we are not above improve-
ment and progress. There are many good
hints found in the "ABC of Bee Cul-
ture" which, if heeded and applied to
practical use, would benefit any bee-
keeper in a more or less degree.

On the other side, I can not say that I
agree in every particular with the writers
of the book, and this is only natural con-
sequence. During so many years of toil
and labor we form certain habits, become
accustomed to certain ways and appli-
ances, that it would be a great hindrance
to break off and follow somebody else's
instructions. But in my opinion, it the
beginber would take the "ABC of Bee
Culture " for his guide, and follow its di-
rections to the letter, his way to success
would be open.

In closing this little sketch I would not
miss mentioning one more fact. The book
is profusely illustrated ; every department
has its share of descriptive illustrations,
and the scenic representations at the front
and in the back part are exceptionally fine.
It is a pleasure to look them over.

La Salle, N. Y.

If

Price, in cloth, postpaid, $1.20 ; in half leather, $1.75 ; in full leather, $2.00
sent by freight or express, deduct 20 cents from any of the above prices.

For sale by all dealers in bee-keepers' supplies, also by all publishers of bee-jour-
nals, and many aj^^ricultural and other periodicals ; also by book-stores and others.

THE A. 1. ROOT COflPANY,

MEDINA, OHIO.

m. B.— Gleanings in Bee Culture one year and a cloth-bound "ABC ", postpaid, for $2.00. Fbbnoh Edition of the "ABC" ready
about May 1. Price, $3.00, postpaid.

S@«®®®®®®«e®@^^€®®®®@®€S«@®®e^®e43>>

IN

Entered at the Poet-OflBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published M^eekly at Sl.OO a Tear by Cieorgre W. York Ss. Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORQB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,, FEB, 9, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No. 6.

=^

(£bitortal Hotes
anb (Eommcnts

J

Youag Queens and Afterswarms.

The Canadian Bee Journal takes this Journal to task
after this good-natured fashion :

It is a relief to find that the " Old Reliable " §rets
" mixed " a little sometimes, too. We were rather amused
at a statement which appeared in its pages recently, that
when second swarming is contemplated by a colony, " only
one " young queen is allowed to emerge and go with the
swarm, " the others being guarded in their cells by the
workers ", to follow in rotation with subsequent swarins.
The theory is very interesting and beautiful, very much
like the " sting trowel " theory of a few years ago. Our
Canadian bees certainly do not exercise so much care and
forethought. A number of young queens are often found
in second and afterswarms, which would be an evidence
that the cells are very poorly guarded, if at all.

Good Canadian, haven't you become a little " mixed "
in your reading ? The paragraph to which you probably
refer is found on page 500 of the last volume, where it is
said, " If further swarming is contemplated, only one vir-
gin is allowed to emerge ". You have evidently read into
it this meaning : "When an afterswarm issues only one
▼irgin is allowed to emerge, and the others are kept in their
cells till after the swarm has issued ". Please read again
what is said, and see if you have any warrant for such an
interpretation.

You will not find a word said about queens being
guarded in their cells after a swarm has issued, nor at any
other time except wken further swarming is contemplated :
and you will find more than one queen released when
further swarming is contemplated, no matter if one or five
swarms have already issued. You say, "A number of
young queens are often found in second and afterswarms ".
To be sure there are, i/ no further swarming is contem-
plated ; but did you ever see a number of young queens in
a second swarm, and then a third swarm issue 7 When you
put your ear to a hive the evening before a second swarm
issued, did you ever hear more than one queen piping?
" But you saw a number of virgins with the swarm the next
day "? Ah, yes, but they were not contemplating swarm-
ing, then ; they were actually swarming.

Whatever Kanuck bees may do, you may rest assured
that the rule with Yankee bees is to allow only one queen to
be free in a hive so long as further swarming is contem-
plated.

Foul Brood vs. Bee-Pest.

In the British Bee Journal W. H. Harris urges that the
name " bee-pest " should be given to the disease now called
" foul brood ". W. Woodley wants " bee-brood pest ". That
might do better in England than here. If foul brood were
the only disease to which bees are subject, or even the most
severe disease, it might do to give it one of the names men-
tioned, just as the loose term " the plague " is sometimes
used to designate some disease particularly destructive to
the human family. But in the course of time England is
likely to follow the fashion started in this country, where
among bees there are other diseases that might be called
pests, at least one of them being rated as more destructive
than foul brood.

Mr. Harris thinks "foul brood" misleading because
mature bees are liable to be affected by the Bacillus alvei as
well as the brood. Yet the disease of the brood is the
prominent thing. Moreover, a name once established has
a claim to continuance just because of its established usage.
If a more appropriate name can be given — well ; but it will
hardly be " bee-pest " or " foul-brood pest ".

Flour as a Substitute for Pollen.

F. W. Penberthy says in the Australian Bee-Bulletin :

" I found only 10 percent of the brood capped when fed
on flour alone for a month ; the larvse thrive all right until
the third or fourth day from the egg, and then a large per-
centage disappears before being capped."

Has anything of this kind been noted by those who
have used flour or any other substitute for pollen? But are
there many localities with a whole month of weather fit for
feeding, and yet no natural pollen yielding ?

Close Spacing for Worker-Combs.

A correspondent of the British Bee Journal asks
whether it is an infallible rule that bees will build only
worker-comb in frames spaced 1,'+ inches from center to
center, and the reply is : " Quite infallible if done at the
proper time, viz., when hiving the swarm". Can any of
our readers report experience in this matter ?

Prices of Hives— Are They Too High ?

The following clipping from the apicultural department
of The Farmer has been sent to this oflice by Mr. A. T.
Dockham, of Todd Co., Minn., with the request for an opin-
ion thereon :

QuES.— What are bee-keepers to do for hives and bee-supplies if
prices remain where they are now i Ddes the advance in price of
lumber warrant the present high prices of liives?

An9. — Bee-keepers will be compelled to make their own hives.
Hives may be made by any one who understands how to handle tools!
There is no patent at the present time on any of the standard hives, so

100

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9, 190S.

that any one can make them from the material in which his locality
abounds. At the present prices of honey bee-hives must be cheap.
Expensive hives and complicated fancy implements are a hindrance
of apiculture. The system of bee-keeping must be simple, cheap and
efljoient. The Department of Agriculture at Washington, in its re-
port last January, stated that bee-keeping in the United States was
yielding 100 percent profit annually on its investment. This state-
ment, and not the advance in price of lumber, caused supply-dealers
to double their prices. A sort of union or trust sprang up. A few,
however, have withdrawn and are again quoting supplies nearer what
they should be. Look up the advertisements of supply-dealers and
find out where you can do best.

Part of the foregoing is truth, and a good deal of it is
error, according to views entertained " in this locality".
Bee-keepers will not be compelled to make their own hives
so long as they can buy them for less than they can make
them. The probability is that the case is very excep-
tional in which a bee-keeper finds he can make a hive
cheaper than he can buy one at present prices. If he can,
of course that is his privilege. If he can make them as
cheap as he can buy them when making only enough for
his own use, it follows as the night follows the day that by
making them on a larger scale he can make them for still
less, in which case there is no law to prevent his making to
sell to others.

But is it true that " hives may be made by any one who
understands how to handle tools "7 The average carpenter
or cabinet-maker is generally supposed to understand how
to handle tools, but give him an order to make a hive, and
see if it will be satisfactory. Exactness of measurement
beyond that to which he is accustomed is demanded in the
making of a hive, an exactness more easily attained where
expensive machinery is carefully adjusted to cut pieces by
the thousand, than where each piece is separately measured
and cut by hand.

It is true that no patent stands in the way of making a
hive that most bee-keepers would prefer.

The statement that a report emanating from the Depart-
ment of Agriculture should cause manufacturers to double
prices is rather amusing as a specimen of logic. Do the
supply manufacturers depend upon reports from Washing-
ton to estimate the profits of bee-keeping ? Could they not
give those Washingtonians points in the matter 7 Suppose,
however, that the Washington estimate could be relied on
as absolutely correct, what should be its effect 7 Would it
not be a lowering rather than a raising of many previous
estimates of profits, and should that not lower rather than
raise prices ?

In any case, how much do the profits of bee-keeping in-
fluence the price of hives 7 If it should be found that the
earnings of a woodchopper were 1500 percent of the amount
invested in his ax, would that at once send the price of axes
skyward 7

But is it true that prices have doubled 7 Will The
Farmer give a single instance of a case in which any manu-
factory lists a hive at double the price at which it listed it
at any previous time 7

The closing sentence is good advice, although hardly in
keeping with the first statement. Reading advertisements
is good business, and the man who watches them closely
need have little fear but that competition will keep prices
somewhere within reach. If there is " a sort of union or
trust", and if it is a fact that " a few have withdrawn"
from that union, it seems quite clear that the union has not
the power to crush competition, and hence can not be ex-
pected to hold prices above a somewhat reasonable figure.

Judging from the way some other editorial opinions
that have appeared in this Journal have been construed, we
doubt not that some of our readers will conclude that the
foregoing opinion is wholly in the interest of the bee-sup-
ply manufacturer. But we really believe that any bee-
keeper who has the sense and ability to make a hive as
good as, and cheaper than, he can buy of the manu-

facturer, will go ahead and make it, no matter what any
one says about it. This is still a free country, we under-
stand, and there is no law against any bee-keeper making
all his supplies, if he so desires. No one is compelled to
patronize the bee-supply dealers. But we notice that about
nine-tenths of the bee-keepers of this country seem to be
glad to patronize them.

Truly, we don't believe there are any bee-keepers that
would want to see all the reliable bee-supply dealers and
manufacturers shot just yet. They are a necessity to the
best success of bee-keeping in any land. Scarcely any one
will disagree with us on that, we think.

Using Strong Language.

Referring to Editor Root's expression, " A stick claws
the contents over ", Editor Abbott upholds it as giving
strength, saying :

"Claw " means " to scrape, scratch or dig with a claw,
or with the hand as a claw ", and " stir " would not be a
strong enough word in this case.

If two darkies got into a fight and one " clawed " the
other's eye out, you would not think of saying that the fel-
low had his eye " stirred " out. Stir would be tame. You
might stir syrup, but you must claw beeswax refuse.

" In this locality " one would not say an eye was
stirred out, nor rubbed out, nor coaxed out, nor a whole lot
of other things, because those words don't mean the thing
that was done ; more likely it would be said the eye was
punched or gouged out, because those words convey the
right idea.

So we are to understand that " claw '" means the same
thing as " stir", only stronger. You stir mush, so long as
you go slowly, and when you go fast enough you claw it.
You stir up strife if you get two men to jawing each other ;
if you get them to blows then you claw up strife. The gen-
eral principle seems to be that when you want to make your
language stronger, just use another word that doesn't mean
what you're trying to mean I ,

Itttscellaneous
rietps ^ 3 terns

J

The Wisconsin Convention held at Madison last
week was fairly well attended considering the 20-below
weather. We were present and enjoyed both the conven-
tion and meeting the good bee-keepers of that cold region.
The following were the re-elections of officers : President,
N. E. France ; vice-president, Jacob Huffman ; secretary,
Gus Dittmer, of Augusta ; and treasurer, Franklin Wilcox.

Two Indianapolis Bee-Supply Dealers.— Last fall
we visited some of the bee-supply manufacturers and deal-
ers, among them being Messrs C. M. Scott & Co. and Wal-
ter S. Pouder, both of Indianapolis, Ind.

We called on Mr. Scott first, and found him located in
a very good store filled with a stock of supplies made by the
G. B. Lewis Co. Mr. Scott also deals in honey, and is
developing a large trade in it. While we were there he was
handling considerable honey, as it was just at the begin-
ning of the honey-dealing season.

After leaving Mr. Scott's establishment we looked up
Walter S. Pouder, who handles the A. I. Root Go's brand
of supplies. Mr. Pouder is also a honey-dealer, and has
lately taken up the manufacture of peanut butter. He has
all the necessary machinery for making a very fine article,
and will mail a sample of the butter to any one upon re-

Feb. 9, 1905,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

101

ceipt of 6 cents in stamps. It is put up and sold in tin cans
through the grocers. Mr. Pouder's ofifice and store are
models of neatness and order.

Mr. Pouderand Mr. Scott are young men, and both are
by honorable dealing and energetic efforts building up a
business that will endure, and from which they deserve,
and doubtless will receive, a good financial return. We
heartily wish each of them the fullest realization of their
highest anticipations.

On the front page are shown these two Indianapolis
hustlers, with pictures of their store fronts as well.

The Annual Meeting of the Worcester County Bee-
Keepers' Association was held in Worcester, Mass., Jan.
21. The following officers were elected : President, F. H.
Drake ; vice-president. Burton N. Yates ; secretary-treas-
urer, C. R. Russell, of Worcester.

Arrangements were made for a banquet to be held Feb.
24, to be followed by an address by Mr. Arthur C. Miller, of
Rhode Island. A broad invitation was extended to all bee-
keepers, and especially to the Massachusetts State Associa-
tion. Mr. Miller has been heard before, and the mention of
his name should be enough to draw a large attendance. We
understand that Massachusetts bee-keepers are looking
forward to a prosperous year.

-V (£ontrtbiitcb -f
Special drticles

J

Proper Care of Hives and Combs After a
Winter's Loss of Bees.

BY G. C. GREINHR.

TO select the above heading for the subject of an article
at this late hour may seem a little out of date, and I
admit it is, but we have never passed a winter yet with-
out some losses, light as they may have been, neither can
we tell what this winter may have in store for us, so that
the following suggestions may be just in time for next
spring.

The unusual heavy loss of bees last winter brought the
old saying of " A blessing in disguise " fresh to our minds
again. It does not require a great deal of imagination to
see the benefit of these occasional clean-outs, especially if
it is the " other fellow " who lost all his bees and we es-
caped unharmed. We all know if bees never died, it would
not be many years before the country would be so over-
stocked with bees and their products that bee-keeping as
an occupation to provide a comfortable living would be a
thing of the past. But Providence and the expert's experi-
ence comes to our rescue. The former to cause an unfavor-
able season for unprotected or improperly prepared colonies
to survive the winter, and the latter to enable the profes-
sional bee-keeper, by a better knowledge of the necessarj'
requirements for wintering, to escape these heavy losses.
And this is not all, for even if the experienced bee-keeper
has met with heavy losses, he sees some points which he
can turn to his advantage.

Whatever the number of dead colonies may be when
spring opens, we have that many hives and sets of combs
left, and if rightly managed they can soon be stocked up
again, and the winter's loss thus replaced. It is the care of
these depopulated hives and combs concerning which I wish
to make a few remarks.

As soon as we find any colony missing, its hive and
combs should have a thorough cleaning out, and the sooner
this is done the better. The dampness, decaying bees, and
other foul stuff, which we generally find in hives of dead
colocies, soon spoil a set of combs, or greatly impair their
value ; they mold, become befouled, and smell badly in a
very short time, and when used later on are so offensive to
a swarm that their use may be the cause of absconding, for
which we imagine we can assign no reason.

The best way, and one which requires least handling, is
to have an empty hive to start with. Set this near the hive
to be cleaned, either in front or behind, but near enough so
that a frame can be taken from one and put into the other
without being obliged to take many steps. Then open the
hive to be cleaned, take out the first comb, sweep off all
adhering bees, scrape all brace and burr combs from the
top-bar and hang in the empty hive. A wing will do the
former, and a strong-bladed jack-knife ground very blunt
but sharp is excellent to do the latter.

After all combs are treated likewise, then the empty
hive should be thoroughly scraped all over the inside, and
especially both sides (side and bottom) of the rabbet. A
hive that has been in use for many years is generally more
or less covered with chunks of propolis, and a good scraping
makes it as habitable as a new one. I use square pieces
of thick glass for this purpose, which I cut myself from
broken double-glass window-lights.

The combs should not all be placed in one hive ; it is
better to leave one out and give the rest that much more
space between them. Close-hanging combs are a great in-
ducement for the wax-miller family to set up house-keeping,
but they keep very shy of widely-spaced combs. Besides, a
little more space gives better circulation of air, and keeps
them purer. Then, to insure free circulation, the full en-
trance of the hive should be left open, provided with a wire-
screen to keep out all intruders, and the top of the hive left
open as much as possible without allowing the bees to have
access to the combs.

When the hives and combs have thus been taken care
of they may then be kept until swarming-time, to be used
for the increase. But in this case a few points must be
taken into consideration :

It requires constant vigilance to keep the combs from
the ravages of the worms, for as soon as warmer weather
approaches they are sure to make their attacks. The seclu-
sion of the dark hives offers them an excellent opportunity
to engage in their destructive work, unless the hives are
frequently examined by the apiarist. If the shop or honey-
house is provided with sufficient open frame-racks to store
all surplus combs, they are more easily kept from destruc-
tion when stored in this way.

Another point, which should not be overlooked, is the
fact thai combs exposed to the atmosphere any great length
of time become stale ; the wax seems to lose its flexibility,
and the bees are more or less inclined to object to their use.
It is therefore advisable to manage in some way to have
them occupied again by the bees as soon as possible.

A good opportunity to use any surplus combs offers
itself when the colonies are in proper shape and the season
far enough advanced to begin the spreading of brood. A
side comb may then be taken out, the brood spread, and one
of these extra combs inserted, which, if circumstances are
favorable, will be stocked up with eggs in a very few days.

I have always found it a good plan to give the combs of
dead colonies a thorough looking over before using them
again, and the chance to do this may be considered one of
the little gains brought about by the winter's loss. Every
comb, before it is used as above stated, is first shaved down,
uncapping fashion, to the thickness of the frame (or less).
No matter about the honey — if it contains any all the bet-
ter ; if not, the edges of the cells are shaved off just the
same. But we must remember that it requires a very thin,
sharp uncapping-knife to trim empty combs. Then the
comb is exposed to the bees for cleaning out. For this pur-
pose I always keep a hive or two with two or three extract-
ing supers each, a little distance from the apiary, filled with
that many sets of so prepared combs (I use the same frame
above and below).

After the combs are all cleaned out I move them to the
honey-house and replace them with a new supply. In this
way I always have a lot handy to busy myself with on
stormy days, or whenever I have any leisure time.

The next operation is to look them over. If they con-
tain any drone-comb it is cut out and patched up with
worker-comb, or, if they are not attached to the bottom-
bars, a strip is fitted in there to fill the opening. We know
from experience that the space between comb and bottom-
bar is many times a very annoying feature, and if we can.
by a little fixing up, dispose of these loopholes and catch-
alls, I think the time of looking them over is well spent.
But I will say right here, that, try as we may, some colonies
will not accept our engineering. Instead of finishing the
work we have laid out for them, they finish it the wrong
way by gnawing the little strip all out again. Nature's in-
stinct— to leave a necessary passage below the combs —
seems to keep the upper hand of them ; and this is not

102

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9, 1905.

strange, for they are laboring- under the impression that
the bottom-bar constitutes the bottom of the hive. In this
case we have to let them have their own way, and patch up
again whenever it is convenient. Niagara Co., N. Y.

Bees, Birds and Fruit in California.

BY C. W. DAYTON.

FIVE years ago last July a man came into my honey-
house, and while I was filling his pail with honey,
casually remarked with a smile: " Mr. Williams, up
there, who owns the big orchard, is badly worked up be-
cause of the bees working on his apricots, and is making all
kinds of threats ".

" Is that so ? I did not know that 'cots were ripe yet,"
I answered.

"Yes, they are ripening pretty fast. I suppose on
account of the four or five days of hot weather we have just
had. I was up there yesterday and got some."

As he stepped out of the door I remarked, " I guess I
also will have to go up and hit Mr. Williams for some apri-
cots some time to-morrow ".

About 10 or 11 o'clock I called on my wife for the largest
pail in the house, as I was going after some 'cots, and, I
assure you, it was not slow in forthcoming.

Near the side of the orchard I inquired of a picker where
I could find Mr. Williams, and was directed up a road toward
the middle of the orchard, where I found him and some SO
or 75 boxes of fruit from which he was sorting out the occa-
sional mutilated ones which had been mistakenly thrown in.

" Good morning, Mr. Williams. I came up to get a few
'cots. You seem to be getting an abundant crop of fruit
this year."

"Good morning, sir; good morning. Yes, we will get a
good deal of fruit if we succeed in getting it off the trees
before the bees do."

" Indeed", said I, " it does look that way."

" May I inquire your name ? I do not remember having
seen you, although I am acquainted with nearly all the
neighbors around here."

" My name is Dayton, but I am quite commonly known
as the honey-man, but possibly bee-man would be easiest
for you to recollect."

" Dayton — Dayton ", he repeated ; "I do not remember
having heard your name."

" I live a quarter of a mile below the post-oflice, and
own those white hives you may have noticed ; and since I
have more bees than any one else about here, I suppose
most of these in your orchard came from my hives."

" Well — yes ; I believe I do remember the place ; and —
how many apricots did you wish to get, Mr. Dayton ?"

" I guess I will take the pail full."

"When he had poured out of one of the boxes of mark-
etable fruit enough to fill the pail about one-third, I said to
him, "That will do of that kind, Mr. Williams. If it will
be agreeable to you, I would prefer to fill up the pail with
those which the birds have pecked ".

" Birds 1" he exclaimed. " We have not seen any birds
around, as I know of."

" Well, I always supposed the mutilation of fruit in this
manner was the work of birds."

"■John — John !" called he, to the spokesman of a band
of five or six Chinamen, " have you seen any birds in the
orchard?"

" Nope — na, no any." After a long pause, he added,
" Yick, yick. Two four, sizplacee " (meaning nests). "Ober
'im cook 'ouse. Us eat 'im ' fore'efix ' 'im wing out.
Muchee gone".

After a good laugh by several bystanders had subsided,
I ventured, " If you will listen closely, Mr. Williams, I think
you can hear a chatter of birds in that row of eucalyptus
along the side of the orchard ". After listening a moment,
he said, " Yes, I wouldn't wonder if there were a thousand
birds up in those trees ".

As he turned around to fill my pail from the box of muti-
lated apricots, which were lately sorted out, I interrupted
him with, " Mr. Williams, if it would still be as agreeable
to you, I should prefer to go out and pick the mutilated
ones from the ground and trees ".

" He said, " Yes, take your pail and pick up as many as
you want. We do not consider them as worth anything ".

As I started out, thinking that he might conclude that I
possessed about as much "cheek " as my bees, I returned,
"That is, from your standpoint; but from my position

they are worth even more than the marketable ones, and I
shall be quite as glad to pay for them ".

When I returned and had paid for them, he gave vent to
his curiosity by saying : " If it is a fair question, I should
like to know the reason why you prefer the mutilated apri-
cots ?"

" Well, Mr. Williams, there are several reasons instead
of one. Had these in my pail not been mutilated you would
have picked them for market, partially green, several days
ago. And, again, if the bees had not removed the ferment-
ing portion wherever it occurred, they would now be en-
tirely spoiled. Also, they are the largest and sweetest in
the orchard. As you well know, the earliest and largest
apricots grow low down on the tree. Their blossoms came
out earliest, last February, and by the last of March were
the size of hickory-nuts, while those which are beginning
to ripen out towards the ends of the limbs could scarcely
be seen. They did the most of their growing during the
moist weather of winter and spring ; and they grew to the
limit, so when hot summer began there was not much else
to do but hoard up sweetness for the time of ripening.
Being down in partial shade their skins are tender, while
those more exposed are thick-skinned and tough, like soggy
potatoes ; while those in the pail are so mealy and tender
that they can readily be broken into a bowl of milk, together
with two slices of bread and one-half pound of granulated
honey ; just makes a meal."

" Well, I declare ", said Mr. Williams, " I don't think I
should kick very hard against a dish like that myself.
Guess I'll bring out the children to-morrow and have them
pick a box of that kind. Those that I have always taken
home were out of the market boxes, but our folks did not
seem to care much for fruit."

" As to these mutilations which the bees are working
at, some were mutilated yesterday morning, but more of
them the morning before, and considerable several days ago.

" Now, most persons think that bees choose the sweet-
est, but in my experience this is a mistake. Sugar is
sweeter than honey, and yet they choose the honey. They
are attracted to fermented juices in preference to unfer-
mented. In fact, a person can prove this to his satisfac-
tion by simply walking out amongst these trees. We often
see a cluster of bees which entirely hides an apricot, and if
we attempt to examine it it will be found to be so rotten
that it can not be handled, while the freshly mutilated
ones on the trees are scarcely noticed by the bees.

" Those which were picked into this morning are still
sweet, but those of yesterday, after being exposed to the
sun, and then the dew falling on them during the night, are
now beginning to ferment, and if you should taste of such
a one you would say that it is gone beyond all hope of re-
demption. But not so with the bees. When a bee alights
on a mutilated apricot, or peach, or fig that is still sweet, it
does so by mistake, and thrusts its tongue in only long
enough to taste, then runs all over the apricot to see if there
is not another opening ; and, if not, it goes to another apri-
cot, and so on until it finds one of the right flavor, or, sour-
ness.

" An apricot, or peach, or fig does not ferment all
through at once, but only at the exposed and ragged
edges of the mutilation, and if there is not more muti-
lated fruit than the bees can manage, they will remove
the fermented portion just about as fast as it forms, so that
a mutilated apricot will be eatable so long as a remnant
remains. To maintain that bees bite into fresh fruit while
there is decaying fruit lying about, is as unreasonable as to
say that a rooster continued to jump up against a cornstalk
with the hope of once in awhile knocking a kernel out of
the ear, when the ground around about was strewn with
better corn already shelled.

" But if you should walk along beneath those trees over
there, Mr. Williams, those birds would become as hushed
as a flock of quails ; because they may mistrust you had
come to demand the return of your fruit. Those birds are
like domestic fowls — they want their breakfast as soon as it
is light enough to see, and this is some two or three hours
earlier than any one comes into the orchard to work ; and,
besides, it is difficult to see the birds working on fruit, be-
cause they are enough like quails to put out sentinels.
These are the red-breasted fellows which perch on the top-
most twigs and appear to be singing, but, in reality, are
only chirping to their brothers and sisters which are creep-
ing from branch to branch among the leaves in the densest
part of the trees, selecting the tenderest and sweetest apri-
cots. If you get within ten rods they chirp out that a sus-
picious biped is stalking down through the orchard at an
unusual time of day, and the birds begin to sneak out singly

Feb. 9, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

103

from the far side of the trees and go to the far side of the
orchard or to some secluded place ; but the sentinels con-
tinue to chirp on even until you begin to disappear under
the outer branches of the very tree they are perched upon.'

"Well", says Mr. Williams, " I will bring- out a cot
and blankets and stop here nights and see what is going on
in the orchard in the early morning."

I have not seen Mr. W. since, but as he has allowed
some bee-keeper to keep an apiary in his orchard through-
out the past and one other fruit season, it can be pretty
certainly guessed what his conclusions were.

Los Angeles Co., Calif.

(£onr>cntion
Procccbings

Report of the Nebraska State Convention.

The annual meeting of the Nebraska State Bee-Keepers'
Association was held at the State Farm Experiment Station
building Monday afternoon, Jan. 16, 190S. In the absence
of the president, E. Whitcomb, who has not missed a ses-
sion in ten years, the meeting was called to order by the
vice-president, L. H. Trester. C. E. Eewellyn was chosen
chairman of the meeting.

Much interest was shown by all bee-keepers present,
and many questions were fully discussed in regard to the
care and handling of bees. The treatment and possible
cure of foul brood was discussed at some length. Though
this disease is not found in many apiaries in Nebraska, it is
the pest of the bee-keeping industry, and all wide-awake
bee-keepers are ever on the alert to afvoid its spreading.

The climatic influence on bees brought forth many
points of interest. A bee-keeper from California mentioned
the fact that alfalfa honey in California was almost taste-
less, while Nebraska alfalfa honey was more delicious in
flavor. This is probably due to the kind of nectar secreted
in the flowers in different climates.

The one question of great importance to the bee-keeper
was how to produce the most honey with the fewest number
of bees. This question seemed best settled by resorting to
artificial swarming, that is, to make it possible for the bees
to swarm when the bee-keeper desired, and avoid allowing
them to swarm when the bees took a notion. Too much
swarming will dwindle a colony, and when the honey-flow
is on the colony may be too weak to gather enough honey
to last them through the winter. During the past season
the air seemed to be filled with runaway swarms flying in
many directions. They would lodge under the siding of
residences, hang in trees, on bushes, go into old boxes, and
often in hives that were set to catch these stray swarms.
This not only shows the prolific inclination of the busy
bee, but the neglect of the bee-keeper in allowing his new
swarms to escape and be gathered up by others, or to be
wasted by taking quarters where they will be of no profit
to any one.

The industry of bee-keeping is only in its infancy in
Nebraska. The past year has been the most prosperous in
the history of bee-keeping in the State. The display made
at the State Fair last year was a sample of the products,
and many were surprised at the fine display of both quan-
tity and quality. The growth of this industry is noticeable,
and, notwithstanding the abundant crop, honey is still held
at a fair price ; the demand for it is growing each year, and
the bee-keeper is inspired to put forth another effort and
produce a supply equal to the demand.

The meeting, on the whole, was full of interest, and
many new members were taken into the Association. Bee-
keepers throughout the State would profit by making a
great effort to attend these meetings, as subjects are dis-
cussed which will help them as no other means can.

At the close of the discussion the following officers were
elected for the coming year : President, C. E. Lewellyii ;
vice-president, L. O. Westcott ; secretary and treasurer.
Miss Lillian E. Trester, of Lincoln.

Next year the Association expects to have a honey ex-
hibit, and all bee-keepers of the State are expected to bring
something of interest to the meeting at that time.

Through the columns of the American Bee Journal we
wish to tell the bee-keepers that they are missing something

when they fail to meet the brother bee-keepers and enter
into the discussions brought out in these meetings. If you
are not already a member of the Nebraska Association,
write to the secretary at once, and enroll yourself either as
a yearly or life member, and then plan to be present at the
annual meeting next year, both to receive and give help.

Lillian E. Trester, Sec.

(Dur^Stster
Beekeepers

"\

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Feeding- Bees in an Observatory Hive.

Jf

On page 40 is an inquiry by " New Jersey," in regard
to feeding bees in an observation hive, and I am moved to
give my method, which has proved very successful.

Get or make a small box 4 or 5 inches square, and about
2 inches deep, with movable cover. Cut a round hole in the
cover of a size to take in a pint Mason jar inverted, on the
principle of the Boardman feeder. Bore a |s -inch hole in
the end of the hive, which is in the room, half an inch from
the bottom. Bore the same size hole in one side of the box,
then match the holes together and screw the box to the hive.
Of course one must either have a special cap for the can, or
else break out the porcelain lining and punch holes in an
ordinary cover, or you can put a small saucer in the box and
feed in that. Ella C. Shepard.

Middlesex Co., Mass.

Busy, but Storing Nothing-— Other Difficulties.

I have had a few colonies of bees for five years now,
and have tried to do my best for them, from no experience
and with only the guidance of books. May I tell you just
what I did this year, and will you criticise ?

First, I have only alfalfa, fruit-blossoms and honey-
locust for them. There may be a few wild flowers, but
nothing in any quantity. We have a good deal of hard,
south wind in the spring and summer, and the mercury
goes to 110 degrees sometimes, but for three months usually
above 9S degrees at midday. When I started with the bees
I was told that the wind would be a serious difificulty, so I
have put the hives on the north side of a high mulberry
hedge, so that they are well shaded and protected from
wind. Another hedge, SO or 60 feet north, protects them
from north winds in winter, and I leave them there all win-
ter. So far as I can judge they have always wintered very
well.

For the season of 1904, this is their history : I reduced
to two colonies in the fall of 1903. April 1 I took out the
winter packing. They seemed vigorous and busy. I had
in May two swarms from each colony, all nicely settled in
the hives with full frames of comb, mostly empty. Alfalfa
blooms, and the first crop is ready to cut usually by May 15
or 20. All went well, alfalfa blooming freely, never more
so, I think. The bees seemed busy, and I looked for much
honey. They continued all summer to seem busy. The
largest, strongest colony, to my surprise, swarmed in July.
I looked through the hives about once in two weeks, and all
was well, as far as I could tell — plenty of brood and bees,
but almost no honey. The three latest swarms stored none
at all ; the two early in June should have done so, I thought.
I took off in all about 100 pounds of honey, almost none of
it first-class. I have no method of manipulation except to
try to keep them supplied with queens, and to feed in the
fall if there seems to be the least chance of shortage ; in
fact, I have always fed some. The two queens for the
original colonies were bought in July, 1903, and the young
queens are their offspring. I bought leather-colored Ital-
ians, and they looked like fine ones. I had to feed strongly
last fall ; the hives were very light. What do you think
could have been the cause ? One year I had 200 pounds of
comb honey from one colony — a swarm of May 15, a double
swarm, I think. That is, two that looked like separate
swarms alighted on the same tree. I gave them two hives,
but^they all went into one.

I shall be very much obliged for any criticism and sug-

104

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9, 1905.

gestion. I take the American Bee Journal, and have the
" A B C of Bee-Culture " and the Langstroth book ; the lit-
tle " Amateur Bee-Keeper ", and the Agricultural Depart-
ment's book by Mr. Benton. I am very much interested,
especially as I am the pioneer in this neighborhood. But I
don't feel justified in enlarging until I can manage better.
Of the five years when I have had from 2 to 12 hives, I
have never had an altogether successful year. The year I
spoke of as having so much from one colony, I had only 250
pounds from the 4 other colonies.

I notice in some of the pictures that the hives are set
two together, and then a space, usually very small. What
is the reason for that arrangement ? How often should one
look through the hives in the working season, after the
swarming-time 7 I have a good deal of annoyance with
propolis, where the bees work slowly. Is that usually the
case 7

My hives are the dovetailed 8-frame, 6 inches off the
ground. I have never known of any suggestion of moths
or foul brood here.

With queens of the age of mine, would you destroy
them this spring, or use them the coming season — the two
originals of July, 1903, I mean 7

Clark Co., Kan. (Miss) Hei,EN Pbrry.

Sometimes bees seem busy — indeed, are busy — when
they are not getting a bit of surplus. There are times
when, for some hidden reason, little or no nectar is to be
had, although flowers are plentiful. There may be enough
nectar to keep the bees a-field, but it is all used up for
brood-rearing.

There was nothing very unusual about that strong col-
ony swarming in July. They were strong in brood and
bees, and with just a little more nectar coming in than was
needed for daily use, bees are as likely to swarm as when it
comes in a flood. That very strong colony could be storing
at least a little when the weaker ones were living from hand
to mouth.

It looks a little discouraging that you have not had
what you consider an altogether successful year, but there's
that crop of 200 pounds from one colony which many would
envy you. The other 4 colonies giving a total of 250 pounds
could not be called so very unsuccessful. From the whole 5
colonies you had an average of 90 pounds. Do you call that
very bad ?

As you gain experience you will no doubt be able to
avoid weak colonies, and to bring up all so as to come
nearer an average of what your exceptionally strong colo-
nies do now.

Setting hives in pairs, as you speak of, saves room.
Suppose you place your hives singly, 6 feet apart from cen-
ter to center ; you can just as well put a pair where each
single hive stands, for the bees will not make the mistake
of going into the wrong hive of a pair. Then it's some-
times convenient, when opening a hive, to have the other
hive to set things on.

After the swarming is over there is usually no need to
go through a colony at all except to see that it has a laying
queen.

Yes, bees bring in more propolis when honey comes in
slowly, especially late in the season.

If those two 1903 queens are doing good work, better let
them alone.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; 50
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the oflBce of the
American Bee Journal.

=\

2TIr. f}asi^s
dftertl^ougt^ts

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

BABY NUCLEI AND QUEEN-BREEDERS.

My idea, Mr. Pharr. was that queens reared in the baby nucleus
were never better, but usually a trifle poorer, than those reared in old
established ways. Grant that much, and that I was thinking not at
all of queen-breeders, but only of queen-users, and it is easy to see
how 1 came to say that our craft would be better off with the inven-
tion suppressed. I can see that it may increase somewhat the profits
of the Southern queen-breeder — and it looks like I was wrong in rul-
ing him outside the phrase " our craft ". Page S43.

HONEY CANDY FOB WINTER TOOD.

" Important if true " are the facts about bee-candy which E. L.
Bussey gives on page 843. Half sugar and half comh honey (so as to
get the wax) makes a pliable and tip-top winter candy ; while half
sugar and half extracted makes a hard article.

sainfoin's UPS AND DOWNS.

So sainfoin has stood three Wisconsin winters, and bees visit it
eagerly. Two improbables. Good. Sainfoin seems to be a football;
a few weeks ago it was badly down, and now it is up. Page 846.

DEFINITION OF HONEY.

Natural and proper to agitate for a precise definition of honey, but
the difficulties in the way are great. The most rigid definition prac-
ticable will let in some honeys that are entirely unfit to eat. The
moment we exclude anything the bees gather from natural sources
we are confronted with large quantities of a fairly edible substance
that is partly honey and partly not honey. Also a large fraction of
the crop in most apiaries — the bee-man himself doesn't know whether
it's honey or not. As to mean flavored stuff of bark-louse origin, or.
from half-decayed fruits, 'twere much better to call it honey and shut
it out of market than to call it something else and permit it to kill off
customers under its own proper name. Page 851.

GOVERNMENT ADVERTISING OF HONEY.

A person must be hard to please if not pleased with the offer of
government aid in advertising honey coming through Prof. Benton —
50,000 copies of a good-sized pamphlet for circulation entirely free.
Page 853.

HONEY LEAFLETS FOB GENERAL REPRINTING.

Mr. Woods made a good shot when he warned us about a danger
in getting up a leaflet or statement to be copied free by local editors.
Unless very wisely drawn and quite brief it will be cut down before
printing. And unless very close supervision is exercised the editor's
utter lack of bee-lore will play havoc right there. Mere pleasantries,
and pungencies and wonders will be retained ; and the most important
things of all will turn up missing. And when the editor feels obliged
to summarize a long paragraph with a sentence, queer mistakes will be
printed as official truth right from fountain-head. Page 854.

ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN SISTERS.

So Illinois and Wisconsin more than balance 39 other States—
when it comes to furnishing lady members of the Association. Page 856.

HITE-ENTRANCES IN OUTDOOR WINTERING.

Allen Latham inclines to be the apostle of wide entrances for out-
door wintering— and predicts more losses for bees not so arranged.
Last winter my conceit was that the colonies with extra-wide en-
trances suffered quite a bit worse than the others. This time I con-
tracted all the very wide ones ; and some I let be that had grown very
small by sinking into rotten bottoms. Maybe now I shall dance for
it. Page 855.

BUTTER AND HONEY AS A BBEAD-DIP.

The Arab (or anybody else for that matter) might do worse than
have a warm mixture of butter and honey to dip his bread in. Page 869.

, DEEP FRAMES FOB EXTRACTING.

The editorial hits it squarely where it pokes hard at deep frames
used for extracting. Oft green honey at the bottom of the frame
when it is rather necessary to extract, and the honey above is ripe and
nil right. I use such frames, and like them, on the whole — and mean
to keep on using them— but a sorely weak spot was found. Page 869.

SMOKE BEES LIKE A SENSIBLE I PERSON.

As you indicate, Mr. Dadant, it serves him right; and his sin finds
him out — the fellow who is proud of his ability to open hives without
smoke. The bees do not indeed sting him very much; but they are
needlessly made angry, and sting the neighbors all around. And the
net result is joint efforts to get the bees moved, when it never would
have been thought of had he used smoke like a sensible man. Page 807.

Feb. 9, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

105

=^

Doctor Zniller's
Question = ^ox

J

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Prevention of Swarming.

1. Having a few colonies, and very little time to watch for
swarms, if I prepare an empty hive with shade, bee-entrance guard,
frames and starters, and place it directly in front of and facing the
same way as the parent colony, but so close up to the old hive that
the bees will have to pass back and forth through the new hive to the
field, is it likely, when swarming, they would take up their al)ode in
the new hive? or would not such a plan be practical?

2. Not desiring any increase, if in five days after a swarm issues 1
destroy all queen cells in the parent colony, and place it with a queen-
excluding honey-board on the super of a new hive, will the brood,
when hatched, unite with the bees in the lower chamber? or would
not such a plan be practical? Ohio.

Answrrs. — 1. The plan has been tried by a good many, but not
with satisfaction.

3. It will not do well for comb honey, but may be all right for ex-
tracted. If you destroy the cells five days after swarming it may be
well to repeat the process after another five days.

Transferrine Bees— White Clover— Overground Cellar.

1. We have some bees which we got out of a bee-tree. They have
no honey, and only 3 little pieces of honey-comb. We have fed them
thus far. They are in a block sawed from the tree. When can I
transfer them, and howl The hollow in the block is about the size of
a gallon measure, and we can't leave them in it if it gets down to zero
for two or three weeks.

3. How shall I feed them? Could I put them in a room 1

3. How many colonies of bees can be kept in one yardi

4. I want to sow some white clover seed in the spring. Will it
bloom the first year?

5. Can I sow it on timothy stubble, or will the ground have to be
broken ?

tj. What other kinds of plants are good for beesi I have never
kept bees, but am just buying some.

7. Next year I want to make a cellar on top the ground. I am
going to make it with a double wall and fill in between the walls with
dry sawdust, and make it so it won't freeze inside. Could I keep bees
in it the same as they do in an underground cellar through the win-
ter? Illinois.

Answers. — ^1. I don't transfer before fruit-bloom. Your bee-
book will give you instruction for transferring, although with only 3
small pieces of comb there will be little more to do than to dump the
bees down in front of an empty hive and let them run in.

3. You can put comb honey or candy in close up to the bees. It will
hardly do to keep the bees in a room, but it will be a fine thing to
keep them lo a dark cellar.

3. That depends upon the pasturage within a mile or two. In
most places not more than 75 or 100.

4. Not enough to count on.

.5. It will grow almostanywhere, and with any kind of preparation.

6. There are hundreds of honey-plants, but none, perhaps, that
will pay to sow for honey alone. It might be worth your while to try
sweet clover, alsike clover, and buckwheat.

7. It will be all right if you keep it dark and steadily at about 45
degrees, but it will be easier to do that if it is at least partly under-
ground.

Winter Transferring- Size of Hive to Make, Etc.

I started with a lot of box-hive colonies last summer, and have
about 40 in the cellar. I am a rural route mail carrier, and work my
spare lime towards getting a supply of good standard-size hives for
bees in the spring. Several of the old hives cost me only 50 cents
each, some $3.00, but some are nearly destitute of food.

1. Would it do to take some of the box-hive colonies that are in
danger of starving into a warm room this winter, and transfer them to
good frame hives, using only the good combs, and contract to the size
bees will occupy, placing candy between the frames or on top? Or
would it cause the bees to bo over-excited, filling themselves, and
when again confined in the cellar without a cleansing llight, to be-
come filthy and sick'

2. Will it injure colonies to have the top of their box loose (not
sealed) ; as, for instance, the dovetailed hive and a flat, loose cover
(in cellar ranging from 42 to 4s degrees) ?

3. Is it any advantage to have hives crowded full of bees in tl
fall before putting into the cellar?

4. I got several swarms from friends who wanted to kill them ami
take the honey, and after drivlug them in my forcing-box I united
them in 8-frame hives rich in stores. What would you do to two of

these when the bees hang outside of the hive in the cellar, and con-
tinually make a humming noise as if uncomfortable? The hive,
bees, and t)Ottom-board weighed i;'.i pounds when put in Dec. 0. I
have raised the cover one inch tor more ventilation ; it helped only
little.

5. Do you recommend, when one starts with all new hives, to
make the brood body 2 inches deeper ( Dadant fashion) , with telescopic
covers? or what hive do you recommend ;

6. Will it pay me, when transferring a number in the spring, to
use full sheets of foundation instead of the old combs from box-hives?

7. What are tulip-trees, also called poplar or whitewood? Have
we any such tulip-trees here in the Mississippi region? (Can it be
cottonwood-trees ?)

8. If I make my own hive-bodies, what kind of frame would you
advise me to buy for practical bee-keeping? Grundt Co., Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Don't tr-ansfer in winter. Those box-hives, most
likely, have no bottom ; if they have bottoms, pry them off. Turn the
hives upside down, put candy between or on the combs, and leave
them upside down as long as in the cellar. When I had box-hives I
wintered them upside down in the cellar.

2. Not a bit; unless the entrance is very large it will be all the
better to be a little open at the top.

3. I suppose it might be possible to have colonies too strong, but
there isn't much danger in that direction. It's an advantage to have
them very strong.

4. If raising the cover an inch quieted the bees a little, raising it
more ought to help more. Try 3 inches, or even taking the cover off
entirely. Possibly the cellar may be too close.

5. I don't like to adviSe. It won't cost you a great deal to try a
few of the regular size of Langstroth frames and compare them with
the deeper, and see which is best for ;/<>«.

6. Better transfer all the straight worker-combs, unless you allow
the bees to swarm first (which may be better), in which case you'll
hive the swarm on full sheets of foundation, and then break up the
old colony 31 days later. Then it will be a question whether to melt
all old combs or to save the best.

7. No, they're not Cottonwood; they have a beautiful blossom
that looks like a tulip.

8. Most likely the regular size Langstroth, 17>^x9,V ; unless, in-
deed, you should prefer the deeper frame, as mentioned in Answer 5.

Don't you worry about my understanding your questions. If
being a Scandinavian makes you write bo neatly and express yourself
so clearly, I wish a lot of bee-keepers would turn Scandinavian.

Memberstilp In Bee-Keepers' Organizations.

If I unite with a bee-keepers' association in an adjoining State,
said association uniting with the National in a body, will I go into
the National as a member on the same basis as the other members?

Bee-Keeper.

Answer. — I don't know that there is any formulated law upon
the subject, but the law of custom in such cases rules. No geographi-
cal lines govern strictly the membership of bee-keepers' societies. A
bee-keeper may fin<l it convenient to join a State association in an
adjoining State, and if received as a member he is entitled to the same
privileges as other members. If for any reason a bee-keeper in Canada
should elect to unite with a society in the Southern States which
unites as a body with the National, it is his privilege so to do, and it is
the privilege of such society to accept him, and he will be accepted as
a member of the National the same as others.

Handling Poul-Broody Colonies— The Rietsche Press.

1. I am a beginner in the bee-business, and my bees had foul
brood last fall. They are the common black bees, and into all colonies
that did not show foul brood I put Italian queens last fall. I have
some of the old foul-broody colonies left yet, and my thought was to
put them on starters and then on full sheets of foundation in the
spring, very early ; but I see that you do not think I can do so before
the honey-flow.

I have a few colonies of bees that I bought, and would like to
move them home early in the spring. What can I do to get rid of the
foul brood and save the bees in the spring? I want to know if I can
not shake them on starters before the honey-flow and feed them? Can
I not rid them of the foul brood in that way, and give the bees to
other colonies of the Italian race '

The colonies I wish to move home are free from foul brood.

2. I want to put in some more Italian queens in the spring.
Would you advise putting them in before the honey-flow? The earlier
I can do it the better, on account of the foul brood, I suppose. Those
I wish to move home are common bees.

3. If I am careful in handling the foul brood, can I not save the
brood-frames that contain such disease, by scraping or boiling them?

4 Do you know anything about the Rietsche press for making
foundation? New York.

Answers.— 1. It is possible that you might, early in the season,
feed the bees regularly in such a way as to make it take the place of a
honey-flow, but it is hardly advisable. Bring those bees home— they'll
be just as safe as the healthy colonies already there— then treat the
diseased ones in the honey-flow. Do what you can to avoid having
any of the diseased colonies robbed, for that's the special danger. If
a foul-broody colony becomes queenless or very weak, there is danger
that the healthy colonies will rob it and carry home the disease. So
break up any that are in any danger of being robbed, and be very,
very careful not to expose any of the combs with diseased honey. You

106

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9, 1905.

speak as if you thought of giving the bees from the diseased colonies
to the healthy colonies. Don't do that ; they'll take the disease with
them.

2. The earlier the queens are put in, the earlier, of course, will be
the change to Italians ; but it costs more for queens early, and you
mustn't count on changing the blood to drive out the disease.

3. Tes.

4. Thousands of Rietsche presses are in use in Europe, one rea-
son Vieing that so much of the foundation on the market there is
adulterated. In this country there is no trouble about buying pure
foundation, and although a few years ago a number had machines to
make foundation, nearly all buy now. It is possible, however, that
by using leisure time for it, some would do well to use the Rietsche
press.

.GOODLUCKToPLANTERSy

OF SALZER'S SEEDS

ALFALFA CLOVER

We are headquarters for Alfalfa, the kind yielding 7 tons per
acre : .Salzer's Alsike Clover, hardy as oak, yielding 5 tons of
maijnilieent hay per acre. We are the largest growers m the
world of Mammoth Ked Clover, of Crimson Clover, of June
Clover, Timothy and all sorts and varieties of grasses.

TEOSINTE AND BILLION DOLLAR GRASS

Greatest green food on earth, yields 80 tons per acre, should
be planted on every farm in America, enormously prolific.
Billion Dollar Grass yields 7 to 14 tons hay per acre.

SALZER'S NATIONAL OATS

Greatest Oats of the century, yielding in forty States from
1311 to 300 bushels per acre. Every fanner in America can have
such yields in 1905. Salzer positively guarantees this. Wten
80 strong, heavily laden stocks from one kernel of seed ! That
is the secret of its enormous yield. Straw strong, stiS, stands
like a stone wall. Nothing ever seen like it before.

HOME BUILDER CORN

So named because 50 acres in 1902 produced so enormously
that the product built a beautiful house. See Salzer's Catalog.
It is the earliest, big-eared and heaviest Yellow Deiit Corn on
earth yielding in Indiana. 15T bushels; m Ohio, 160 bushels;
in Teim., 198 bushels, and in Mich., 2.0 bushels.

SPELTZ AND MACARONI WHEAT

Speltz is the greatest cereal food on earth, yielding 80 bushels
of grain and 4 tons of hay per acre. Macaroni Wheat, doing
well on all soils, yielding SO bushels per acre. Haima Barley
for arid, dry soils, yields 75 bushels per acre; and Salzer 8
Beardless Barley, 121 bushels.

ONION SEED, 60c. A POUND

Largest stocks of Vegetable Seed. Prices low !

FOR lOc IN POSTAGE STAMPS

and the name of this paper, we will send you a lot of farm
seed samples, fully worth SIO.OO, to get a start, together with
our mammoth Hu page brilliantly illustrated catalog, painted
from nature, alone worth SlOO.Ou to every wide-awake farmer.

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CD.

lA CROSSE.WIS.

■'leitst) lumitiuu J^uu Joiinia.1 wntsn ■wtilui^

I M^ BEE-S(3PPLIES I

POUDER'S MONEY-JARS. ' Prompt Service. X

~ ~ Catalog Free V

S

®

j^ You are entitled to Special Discounts for Early Orders till April first,

h WALTER t*POUDER, h

N 513-S15 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. N

4ooosooooosooeQooooooeoooS

Root's Goods ai Root's rnces b

00

Everytiiing' used by Bee-Keepers.
POUDER'S MONEY

L,ow Freight Rates.

Si

2lcports anb
(Sxpcrtcnces

Long Confinement in Winter
Quarters.

My 85 colonies of bees were in winter
quarters 155 days, or 5 months and 5 days
without a single flight, the winter of 1903-04,
and all came through the winter except one
colony. I never lose any sleep over the bees
wintered out-of-doors, and seldom have any
loss, while many around here have lost 75 per-
cent and some al: of their bees. After long
experience I have about decided that if bees
are properly put away for winter they can
just curl up and wait till spring comes. At
least some of my best colonies were hard to
waken in the spring. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, Jan. 17.

Yields for 1903 and 1904.

In 1903 I had 8 colonies in the spring, in-
creased to 5, and got 700 pounds of comb
honey, most of it in brood-frames with 1-inoh
starters.

In 1904 I had 4 colonies in the spring and
got 300 pounds of honey, 250 pounds of it in
sections. To-day I have the small number of
4 colonies and wish I had 25. I will buy more
it I can get them at a price that is right. I
am to work on a farm for monthly wages, and
keep the bees where I worked last year, and
as soon as wages and bees will permit I shall
work a farm for myself. That's the best kind
of freedom.

I can not do without the American Bee
.Journal as a matter of business and pleasure.
Last year was the first season I was ever a
subscriber to it, but for 5 years before that I
was in a family that took it. So I have had
more than one year of pleasant reading on the
subject of bees. Elmer E. Porter.

Winnebago Co., 111., Jan. 16.

Ventilating Bee-Cellars— City
Bee-Keeping.

I noticed in one number of the American
Bee Journal a lengthy article regarding the
ventilation of bees in winter quarters. From
my personal experience I can offer some bints
that might be interesting to some readers.

It is perfectly natural for bees to have good
fresh air. If not furnished to them, you are
denying Nature, and to deny Nature to so
great extent is disastrous.

In a basement or cellar having 50 colonies .
or more, bring a stove pipe (or smaller, say
from 3 to 6 inches as the case requires)

SHENANDOAH YELLOW

The corn that has made Shenandoah famous. Has
outyleldedall other varieties of yellow corn wher-
ever tested- A deep prained 100 day yellow corn,
ripe if September Will outTleld. outshell. nod ouidcll »ny yellow
corn 70U ever (rreir. TbsKorld'a huskitic rccrd. 201 bu. in t«Ti houn,
irftSmitdeiD Ihli corn n«»r Sbensndi.ah, Dec, 8. 1'-."I3. Send far
free C»t«lo(;, ph'it^^ipbBMd iampleBfr tbla »nd other Tkrletie^ of
corn $5 i"J "Orlb of BBedi free ooehiborders. Apt »bout tl.

HENRY FIELD. SEEDSMAN. BOX 50 .SHENANDOAH. IOWA

THB EAR t!t-ED CORN U.KJi

Feb. 9, 1905.

THE AMERIC'N BEE JOURNAL.

107

IhrouRh the cellar window, continue it down
the side of the wall and across the cellar bot-
tom, leaving at every 4 or 5 feet a 2-inch bole
on top in the pipe to deliver fresh air. Then,
continue a like pipe across the ceiling with
small openings like the long pipe, and if con-
venient,lead it to some chimney or flue, other-
wise run it up on the outside of the building
a height of 6 feet or more.

By doing this you will procure perfect cir-
culation of fresh air. By holding a lighted
match at any one of the intake holes in the
pipe, you will nearly extinguish the light by
the drift.

It is a small expense to fit up this way.
One-half the cost of one colony of bees will
pay for the pipe.

Of course you will get some condensation
in the intake pipe, and water will form, but
by slanting the pipe and leaving a drain it
will amount to practically nothing.

The pipe can be preserved by getting two
quarts of asphaltum, worth say -SI. 00 per gal-
lon. Make a trough long enough for a length
of pipe to lay in, and submerge each pipe.
When this is dry rust will not penetrate. It
is useless to bring in a pipe or leave a window
open, thinking you can get an equal distribu-

Grow

Better

Fruit

LWi

Don't be satisfied with
third and second-best.
Why do many of your
acquainLannes grow suCh '
luscious fruH sand berrieb?
They have studied and iiiformed them-
selves— consulted authorities on frult-
raislng. Let us help you. Send for
free sample copy ot the best fruit
paper in America.

ST JOSEPH MISSOURI

It's a good paper every month and dur-
ing 1905 will issue special numbers as
follows: January, "Anniversary Num-
ber;" February, "Spraying;" March,
"Gardening;" April. "Small Fruits."
Any one of these will be worth 60c, the
year's subscription. 8end2ijc and names
of ten persons Interested in fruit-grow-
ing, and get The Fruif-Gfuvr for a year.
Including these special numbers. Ask
how to get free "Brother Jonathan"
. booklets on frutt culture. Eastern
edition for states east of Ohio.

THE FRUIT-GROWER CO.
1106 S. 7th, St. Joseph, Mo.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■wTitlng

WHITE SWEET CLOVER rairaf/Si?s'

per ponad in 50-pouDd lots.

M. W. HARRINGTON.

6i2t Williamsburg, Iowa.

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclalr. Tex.

nHe will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1 ; Untested. "5c ; r, for *3.35 ; 10 for
»6 ; 15 for $8.25 : 25 for tV2JM \ 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacriflce.
— (Prov. 3: 31.) 6Atf

For Queens

lirontpii ^^° 20 to 30 years old capable of
n QllbuUdtakiDjT charge ol an apiary of 3C0
colonies. Can give employment balance of year
collecting and soliciting for lumber and coal.
In answering eive referenLC and salary ex-
pected. TRESTER SUPPLY GO. UNCOLN NEB
6Atf Please mention the UeeJoarnal.

*^i- Bee-SiiDPlies!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a large stock and
greatest Tariety of evcrylhiDfr
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massle Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCB FOR CATALOG

AaENCIE> — iresier Supply Co.,Lincolo,Neb.: Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs.Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers. Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., Sao Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

Loyls Hanssen's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEWIS CO.'S

B-WARE

Lowest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

Davenport, Iowa, 213-215 W.2i St

Please mention the Bee Journal. 36A26t

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS ■

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Please mentloia Bee Jtmmal -woen -writln*

I QUALITY. I

s» The low prices quoted liy us raised a doubt in the minds of some of our patrons "^

5 as to the ciuality of our goods. We wish to say iBOSt emphatically that our goods

^ are of the very best quality that can be employed. They are the equal of any

^ offered at hitjher prices.

5 We tjuarantee you absolute satisfaction. If not entirely satisfied, write us and

2 we will mako it right.

I JOHN DOLL & SON, E

^ Power Buildlus, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

i DITTMER'S FOUNDATION

S) IS THE BEST

S Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES.

S EARLV ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES.

0 Wholesale and Retail.

§ Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. g

0 E. Grainger Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. 0

8 Cflj'S IHXX"»1ER, Ausnsta, Wit*. §

108

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9. 190S

^^^^^-*^^^^^^

STANDARD

1

\ Poultry AND

^ ReP> SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

60-page Illustrated Catalog will be out
Feb. 1. Send your name for one.

griggsTbros,

531 Monroe Street,
T0I_iEiI30, - OHIO.

.t

4A23t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

nW irrrPPPQ ? send me your orders for
OIiL'ttLJjriiXia . BEE-SUPPLIES for next
year's use, and get the discount: Oct., 6 percent;
Nov., 5 percent; Dec, 4 percent. The above dis-
count does not apply to honey-packages. Send
for catalog. W.J.McCarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa
44Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

H'ORMASLro^

Low in price. Fully guaranteed, n U Send I
Send for free catalogue. ■ for

BAHTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIANA. FriiCitiloeB

"SURE RING" TELEPHONE

Costs oUc more tban our regular bridg-
ing telephone, but with it you can ring
the 20th teleithone on the line with the
other 18 receivers off the hooks and get
party wanted. Send for descriptive
circular, also bookF- 80illustraiing all
our rural telephones, etc. Address
nearest office. STROMBERG-CARLSON
TEL. MFG. CO.. Rochester, N. Y., Chicago, III.

Please mention Bee Journal "wtien 'nmti ji o

High in Quality
Low in Price

TUG

Dixie Home

Fruitful Trees

Millions of Fruit and Fores^t Trees, Apples, Peaches,
Cherries, Grapes and Strawberries. R. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on 810 orders. Guaranteed to reach you fresh
and bright. Don't miss our free catalogue.

GAGE COX7NTV NVRSKRIES
Box 646 Beatrice, JXeb.

lO CENTS a YEAR.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
ziNB In the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce It ONLY.
It is bright and up-
to-date. Tells all about Southern Home Life.
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
'uildings and famous people. Send at once.
5c a year, postpaid, anywhere In the U.S., Can-
ida and Mexico. Six years, SOc. Or, clubs of
6 names, 50c ; 12 for $1. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps taken. Cut this
out. Send to-dly. THE DfXlE HOME,
24A48t No. 75. Birmingham, Alabama.

Bees For Sale

85 colonies, mostly pure Italians, Moore's
strain. All in fine shape and wintering nicely.
Will sell all or in lots of 5 colonies. Reason
for selling: too much other work. Write for
prices and any further particulars.

H. E. JOHNSON, Qraettinger, Iowa.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

tion of fresh air. You have in some manner
to deliver the fresh air to the bottom, and
have a good ventilation at the top, in order
to procure perfect results.

The way I came to get interested in bees
was this: Last summer, while in Minneapo-
lis, a swarm of bees came in from the coun-
try, I suppose, and settled in a tree in front
of the house. I hived them. Shortly I be-
came very much interested in their workings.
Later I bought 3 more colonies and a quan-
tity of extra hives, supers, and all necessary
tools for handling them. For wintering I
built a closet under the basement stairs, and
ventilated it as described. I find I have per-
fect fresh air, and enough for a person to live
in. I have been in the electric business for
nearly 30 years, and find the study of bees is
almost equal to the modern use of electricity.

I am away from my home all day, and am
not able to watch the bees very closely dur-
ing the swarming season. I am a little afraid
the city authorities will, in the summer-time,
object to my keeping live stock in the city. To
prevent any annoyance to my neighbor and
not knowing where they may alight when
they swarm, will some one explain in detail
the best course for me to pursue?

I do not expect to make any money out of
my limited chance for keeping bees, neither
do I ever expect to see my money already in-
vested in bees, but as the encyclopedia says,
some people have been studying bees for 3000
years, and are still studying them. It must
be a grand study. G. M. Jones.

Hennepin Co., Minn.

S Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Prlce-Llst. a

ourHI^VES and SEOTIOlSrS ^
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will, SAVE MONEY, and

secure prompt shipment.

We will allow you a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent in during January.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. us a g

I BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES I

^ SEND TO THB V

^ - Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

(i LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders tillJan. 1, 1905. lA13t

THE BEST THERE IS. I

Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealing people, want the BEST of goods, the BEST of
service in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and the BEST of everything connected
with getting their Supplies; the VERV BEST that can possibly be given for the money is
necessary to give enure satisfaction and what all should have.

To absolutely please beekeepers in filling their wants has been our constant aim for
eight years, and while we do not boast about ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by
nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fail to write to us and tell us your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL '.DISCOUNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Please xaeutlozi. Bee Jounzai wtien wtitiiu^

The Hoffman vs. Closed-End Frames

Mr. Editor: — On page 23 Mr. Allen
Latham says it is beyond his understanding
how any one can use a Hoffman frame.
He says:

" Why any one will use a Hoffman frame is
beyond my understanding, for it has practi-
cally all the disadvantages of the closed-end
frame with only one and a half of the advan-
tages . . . .Why in the name of common sense
not carry the full width of the end-bar clear
to the bottom and get all the advantages?"

Lest some beginner may be misled into
thinking that the change from the closed-end
frame to the Hoffman was not a step in ad-
vance, it may be well to answer Mr. Latham's
question :

The advantage of the closed-end frame over
the loose-hanging frame is that it is warmer,
and that the spacing is automatic. The dis-
advantage is that it kills bees. In the esti-
mation of a large number, the advantage of
the warmth is overbalanced by the disadvan-
tage of the killing, leaving the advantage of
automatic spacing still to its credit. In the
Hoffman frame the end-frame is closed less
than half its extent, making less than half

TREES THAT

Hardy varieties
biff crops. Grafted
Apple, 4!*;c; Budded
Peach, 3Hc;BIa '
Locust Seed'
int's, II per

1000; Con-
cord (i rapes,
per 100. We
the frelRht.
:yg. Eoplish
•man. free.

NURSERIES

Beatrice, Neb.

Rease mention Bee Journal wlien -writing

3 I O-8O F«r
I 46 200 Egq
*JNCUQATOR

Perfect in coDstmctioD ana
action. liatches every fertilp
egg. Write for catalog to-day

GEO. H. STAHL» Quincj HI

<^'^ase mention Bee Journal

4^Dl§G0UnU0F6D.lSt

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

48Atf LANSING. MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal ^Jien -writlna

Feb. 9, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

109

M A SOLID FOUNDATION ^

"'^ MEANS y

J^ A SOLID HOUSE. ^

pADANT'S FOUNDATION K

i Solid, Straight, Well-Built Combs. ^

4 110,000 Pounds ^"'in'%^r'"^ )^

^ Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-Keepers' Supplies 1^

jL ^f### OF ALL KINDS. W

S BEESWAX WANTED at all times. Florlof-i-f X» C^-^^-ic? f^

£ Send for our 1905 Catalog. I^dUdll L <X a^UIIJ^ C.

M HAMILTON, ILL. iV

'•^.a&.-v w.*iii!SMiXx ije«t joamax wnen virrtcu^

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry :inioums to niiiiiy times
the cost of L.Hiubert'8 Oeath to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and protlt made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without banning eggs or
cbicka. A trial 10c box will
prove It. 100 cz., by express. $L9U.
O. K. STOCK FOOI> CO.,
D. J. Laniliert, Vioe-Pres.
406 Monon Hide., ChlcuEo, 111.

Please mentioii Bee Joumai -wHen wrltlne.
ABSOLUTELY PURE

Extracted Honey FOR SALE!

(In 60-pound Tin Cans, 2 cans
in a box.)

ALFALFA OR BASSWOOD.

Sample of either mailed for 10 cts. to cover
package and postage. Quimtity prices on ap-
plication. Address,

THE YORK HONEY COMPANY,

Henry M. A);X0, Mgr.
101 E. Kinzie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

the warmth and at the same time less than
half the killing of bees. To the minds of
those who think the prevention of killing of
more consequence than the saving of warmth,
that gives the Hoffman the preference over
the closed-end frame, while it has still all the
advantage of self-spacing. Mr. Latham seems
to have these things in mind, at least part of
the time, but singularly enough closes his
eyes to the kiUingdisadvantage in the closing
question. To be entirely fair, his question
should have been, "Why not .... get all the
advantages, "it'l also all the diaadvantagei^r^
The answer is that the full advantage of self-
spacing is left in the Hoffman, and the other
advantage of the closed end is overbalanced
by its disadvantage.

Speaking of the closed-end frame, Mr.
Latham says:

" And right here let me say that it will not
cause the death of any more bees than will
the wide bottom-bars which some of our sages
are advocating."

Which one i<i our sages is advocating a
close-fitting bottom-bar; Or does he mean
that they kill bees in some other way? Will
Mr. Latham kindly explain? Learner.

Season's Results— Wintering Bees.

I saved only 27 colonies out of 105 packed
in dovetailed cliaff hives last winter. I bought
26 more colonies last spring, paying §145 for
them. Most of them were in pretty good
hives.

So J began in the spring with 53 colonies,
many of them being weak. I increased to
112 colonies, andS nuclei, and harvested 7400
pounds of ho[i';y, nearly 4000 pounds being
in 1-pound bcrtibns, and the balance ex-
tracted. I hiivo sold about -SoSO worth, and
have about 20i ' pounds on hand.

I have lO;! < olonies in chaff hives on the
summer stand- and 8 colonies and S nuclei in

EVERGREENS

iforest trees, nursery grown and hardy

everywhere. All sizes for all purposes.

at lowest price?. 60 bar(;a1n lots, all

first class, prepaid, (1 to 810 p«r 100.

Catalogue and bargain sheet free.

0. Hill, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III.

^ PROGRESS^

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best
all-arouDd SO-cent monthly bee-journal
In America. On trial 3 months for this
ad. with 10 cents. Clubbed with this pub-
lication both for one year for $1.35; or
send us 25 cents for a 3 months' trial and
your name and address on a 2-line rub-
ber stamp; self-inklnu pad, 25c extra.
Or send Sl.OO and get The Rural Bee-
Keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents get lib-
eral terms.

Puinam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells them at reasonable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
W. H. PUTNAM.
Dept. so-C. klver Falls. Wis.

lAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Rietsche Press

oMade of artificial stone. Practically inde-
strnctible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

110

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9. 190S.

Langstrothonthe
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Sach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $i .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE

SO lbs. or over, at S cents per pound. Address,
5A9t JOSbPH SHAW, Strong City, Kans.

ntnooaaaAa^l

a

Pal'd I8J8, '82, '1)3 & lUOS B g

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
^ood enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
dnced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

EnSravinSsForSale

■We are accumulating quite a stock of engrav-
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help ua to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using in our columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one would like to
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, Ililt

a new cellar 22x30 feet, under my dwelling-
house. C'.^^ C^

This is my first experience in cellar-winter-
ing. I had the heaviest loss last winter in my
25 years' experience.

Bees are wintering well so far. They had a
flight Dec. 27, and also New Year's day.

B. W. Pbck.

Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Jan. 10.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Severe Wintep— That Bee-Calendar

My bees are getting along first-rate in the
cellar, with the thermometer at 35 to 40 de-
grees above freezing point. They seem quiet,
and have lots of honey and also air enough,
as I raised the entrance one inch, and the
hives are nearly two inches lower at the en-
trance than at the back end. The blocks I
raise the hives with will nearly make the
hives level again, and the bottom-board will
have nearly two inches fall from the rear to
the entrance, which gives the dying bees a
good chance to roll out.

This is a severe, cold winter so far, with
nearly two feet of snow in the timber, and
from 8 to 10 feet on the prairie in drifts. The
thermometer was from 20 to 30 degrees below
zero. The timber is frozen so hard that it is
impossible to get an ax that will stand it.

I think all bees on the summer stands in
this locality will die for want of honey. Even
if they have lots of stores in the hive when
it is so cold they can not crawl from one
frame to another to get it. Where combs are
long enough and filled with honey there is no
danger of the bees starving to death.

Tell that inventor of the bee-calendar to
hurry up a little. I want one.

B. F. Schmidt.

Clayton Co., Iowa, Jan. 26.

Fastening Foundation in Sections.

I wish to ask the comb-honey producers if
any one of them has had trouble in fastening
foundation to the sections. I had a good
deal of trouble the last two seasons. The
wood is very hard, and polished so highly that
I find it impossible to make all of them hold.
After the foundation is on two or three days
I have to go over the yard and replace quite a
large number. I use a Parker and a Clark
fastener, and have put some on with melted
wax. The melted wax holds the best, but is
too slow.

The wood that the sections are made of is
very hard, and when finished is as smooth as
glass. I asked the manufacturer to leave the
inside without sandpapering, but he told me
that his machinery was made for polishing
both sides, and could not be changed for one
lot.

Now, if other bee-keepers have had the same
trouble, why not join in asking to have them
polished only on the outside? I would like
to hear from others on the subject.

P. D. JONBS.

Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan. 16.

Small Honey Crop— Encouraging
Outlook.

The honey crop the past season was the
smallest in many years, especially when the
matter of the enormous nectar contents of
the blossoms is taken into consideration. The
cause of the small yield was the great loss of
colonies a year ago, or rather last spring.

Owing to the long-continued cold winter
which prevented the bees from having a flight,
and many of them from reaching the honey,
(even though there was an abundance in the
hive), some of the colonies starved to death,
but the most of them died from disease. Col-
onies that apparently came through last win-
ter in good condition, failed to build up to
strong colonies before fall.

I lost all of my bees, and it served me right,
for I failed to pack them — other work which
I thought more important, preventing. Of
course I was waiting for that "good day"
which never came. Had I packed them, even
though they could not have taken a flight af-
terwards until spring, I think I would have
saved some of them, for up to this time in an
experience of 20 years I never lost one colony
that I had properly cared for. But I did not

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual convention
Feb. 23d and 24th, at the Eagle Hotel in Grand
Rapids. The Eagle Hotel is located at 65 to 71
Market St., cor. of Lewis St., one block sonth
of Monroe St. It will give a rate of $1.50 per
day, and furnish a room free for holding the
convention. The Michigan State Dairymen's
Convention will meet in Grand Rapids at the
same time, and advantage may be taken of this
fact to secure reduced rates on the railroads.
When buying your ticket, ask for a certificate
on account of tlie Dairymen's Convention. The
secretary of the Dairymen s Association will
sign this certiSeate which will then enable the
holder to buy a return ticket for one-third fare.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

Honey- Jars ^ Honey-Vinegar

We can ship at once on
receipt of order, 1-lb. and
K-lb. Tip-Top Honey-Jars,

(octagon shape) at these
prices, f.o.b. Chicago:
1-lbs. per 12-doz. crate, $5.00;

3 crates, $13.50.
Ji-lbs.per 14 doz.crate,$5.2S;

3 crates, 14.00.

YORK'S

HONEY-VINEGAR

This is a aew thing, made
by The York Honej Co.,
and shonld be used hy all
who also bay and use honey
Furnish it to your home
trade. Sample, postpaid, 10 cents, to pay post-
age and package. A lOgal. keg for $3.00, f.o.b.
Chicago.
Cash with order in all cases. Address,

The York Honey Co.

Henry M. Arnd, Mgr.
101 E. KiNziE Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

NO DIRTLEET

In clothes washed with the
,^ BUSY BEE WASHER"

100 pieces in one hour and
uo hard work done. That's
the record. Amenta
Wanted. * EicluEivo
sale. Write for tenmi,
BUSY BEE WASHER CO. Bqv E^'^'^- PA,

B66-K66D6r§' SUDDlieS.

Send for Catalog.

Leahu MfQ. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Journal.

MountUilonGoiieoe

open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Fonnded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class repntation. 25
instructors. Alumni and students occn-
pying- highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower thaa other col-
leges of equal grade. Any yoong person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COLiIiEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a \o,y
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
/en serves to introduce ^ the
subject of honey, and ''re-
qnently leads to a saile. r

The picture shown herewita
Is a reproduction of a mottO'
*PU' V^ \t^/ qneen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithaa
a pin on the underside to
fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
"f the American Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.'

Feb. 9, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

PERFECT GOODS 1

LOW PRICES!

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.
We manufacture

vBEE/SUPPLIES<-

OF ALL KINIIS.

(Been at it over 20 years.)

It is nlvrays HEST to huy nf

the ma/cers.
Xow IJIustrnttyd Cata7oi>- Free

For nearly 15 years we have
published

The American Bee- K eeper

(Monthly, Ma a year. )

The best magazine for beginners, ed-
ited by one of the most experienced
bee-keepers in America. Sample copy
free. Address,

The W. T. Falconer

nfg. Company

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping,N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at Catalog
prices. Order ot him and save the
freight.

want to disturb them until a warm day, and
so I was in the " blasted hopes " column.

Well, not to be outdone, I bought one col-
ony from a neighbor, and it superseded its
queen just when it ought to have been rear-
ing bees — and I let it — so of course I got no
white honey from it. But I took enough Ijees
to form a-'nuoleus, which I supplied with a
golden Italian queen, and the result was two
good colonies.

I also sent for a 2-frame nucleus with what
was to be a red clover queen, which I got
home on May 6, and which stored 60 sections
6l honey, 40 of them white honey, and besides
the lower story was filled with honey.

As I did not care for colonies, I did not try
to increase. It cost me S7.00 to commence as
told above, and I got, all told, 12.5 pounds of
extracted and comb honey, and have 3 extra-
strong colonies, which had a good tiight on
New Year's day, so I look for them to come
through all right.

I think the reason so many of the colonies
lived through and failed to build up was that
the queens were diseased. I know of quite a
number of bee-keepers who took the best care
of their bees who lost all. Had the winter
been a mild one, their success would have
been "luck". The colonies which did build
up stored a large supply of extra-fine white
honey, but not much fall honey.

The outlook for the coming season is extra
good for those who have bees. The big yield
the past summer will cause an increase of
bee-keepers. George Spitler.

Crawford Co., Pa., Jan. 16.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When coastg^uidg, baying- or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
166 South Water 8t. Chicago. III.

The Emerson BiQder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jourual we mall for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both lor only $1.40. It li
> fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon haTe
this "Emerson" no further binding Is nece*.
ntj.

aeORQB W. YORK & CO.,
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

HeadQuartersfor Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOR 1905 NOW ON HAND.
FREIGHT RATES FROM CINCINNATI ARE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Talse advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

ffi^^ For prices refer to my Catalog.

c. H.W.WEBER "s:r

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Please mention Bee Joumai -when -writinp

Chicago, Jan. 24.— The trade in honey Is not
large and the ofiFerings on the contrary are
quite liberal. This makes an easy market for
the buyer. Fancy white comb, 12Si(S'13c; No. 1,
nmziic; off grades, 10@llc. Extracted, white,
6(5 7c, according to flavor, quality and package;
anything off about one cent lower; amber
grades, 5H®6iic. Beeswax, 29@30c.

R. A. BURHBTT & Co.

Boston, Jan. o. — The market is without
change since last writing. The demand con-
tinues light, and supply Is more than ample-
We quote: Fancy white, 16c; A No. 1, 15c; No.l.
14c, with practically no demand for No. 2. Ex,
traded, from 6@Sc, according to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, Jan. 9.— The demand for comb
honey still continues light, as most of the re-
tall dealers were stocked up on $2.25 honey be-
fore the holidays, two cars of which were sold
here at that time. We look for a better market
In the near future, and quote; Fancy comb,
24-8ectlon cases, $2.50; No. 1, $2.25. Extracted,
white, per pound, 6(fti6J4c; amber, 5M@6c. Bees-
wax, No. 1, 28@30c. C. C. Clbmons Si Co.

Cincinnati, O., Dec. 19.— Comb honey Is now
coming in more freely, and prices If anything
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12@13;'ic; single cases, 14c. Ex-
tracted Is sold as follows; White clover, in
barrels, 6Hc; in cans, 7K@8c; amber, in bar.
rels, 55<@SMc; in cans, 6@6>ic. Beeswax. 27c.
C. H. W. Wkber

Philadblphia, Jan. 9.— The market is un-
changed from our last quotations, and trading
light. We quote: Fancy white, 15@16c; No. 1,
13@14c; amber, ll@l2c. Extracted, white, 7@8c;
amber, 6@7c. Beeswax, 26c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm, A. Selser.

Cincinnati, Dec. 30.— Since our last report
was published, the price of extracted honey has
advanced, no doubt acting in sympathy with
the sugar market. We quote amber extracted
In barrels at 6fa'6Mc; white clover, in barrels
and cans, 65i@8}ic. Fancy comb honey, 13@14c.
Beeswax, 28c. Thb Fred W.Muth Co.

Albany, N.Y., Dec. 26.— Comb honey Is mov-
ing off very well considering the heavy re-
ceipts and cold weather. Prices not as high
as early fall, as usual, bnt very good yet.
Fancy white, 14@15c; No. 1,13c; mixed, 12®13c.
Buckwheat, ll@12c; mixed, 10@lic. Extracted,
dark, 6(a!6Xc; light, 6>i@7c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Jan. 25.— White comb. 1-lb.
sections, ll%@U,%c; amber,9®llc. Extracted
white, b@(i% cents; light amber, 4)<@5)ic; am-
ber, 33i@4Jic; dark amber, 3@3Mc. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Market Is quiet and for other than choice
water-white Is lacking in firmness. High-grade
honey is in light supply, but there is no scar-
city of amber stock. Three lois of Hawaiian
Island honey, aggregating 523 cases, arrived
the current week.

New York, Jan. 9.— The market on comb
honey is decidedly dull, and while there Is no
stock of dark and buckwheat to amount to
much, all grades of white honey are plentiful,
and for the present we cannot encourage ship-
ments. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at
13c; No. 2 at ll@12c; buckwheat at 10c. Ex-
tracted honey is in fair demand, with abundant
supplies and a weakening tendency Is noticea-
ble in the market. We quote white at 6(ai6Stc;
light amber at 5S<®6c; dark, 5@5!<c per pound;
Sonthern at 52@55c per gallon. Beeswax, 29c.
Hildskth & Seqelkkn.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

- DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HAf SHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis. jS

nease menuon .Bee journal TTben 'wntuig

112

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 9, 190S.

LEWIS' GOODSaEYEEYWHERE

OVER 20 AGENCIES IN UNITED STATES.

SEND FOR CATALOG AND ORDER OF YOUR NEAREST

DEALER.

NE'W AGENCIES ESTABLISHED IN 1904 AT HAVANA, CUBA,
LEMARS, IOWA, AND SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Annual Output, Twenty Million Sections, One-Hundred Thousand Hives.

6. B.LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown,Wis.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

(ESTABLISHED 30 YEARS.)

NOTICE.

Lewis' goods are the BEST that your money will buy. It is economy in the end to use them. They cost you no more than any other
standard make. If you have any difficulty in making up your order, determining correct prices, send us a list of the articles wanted and we
will make you an estimate showing the exact cost. We have increased our output by installing new machinery, our storage capacity with new
warehouses, and are therefore in position to give the best service in the world.

Prompt Shipments#FinestGoods#Consistent Prices

(X\nertca

^ce 3ourrial

45th Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., FEB, 16, 1905.

No. 7.

The Colorado Apiarian Exhibit at the St. Louis World's Fair.

The Colorado Apiarian Exhibit at the St. Louis World's Fair last
year was without doubt the most attractive of its kind there. It was
In the excellent hands of Hon. G. W. Swink, of Otero Co., Colo.,
and we are much pleased to present a good picture of this fine exhibit,
as shown above.

The display consisted of comb honey in one-pound sections, and
extracted honey in bottles from i^ pound to 10 pounds each.

There was also a large pyramid of beeswax 2 feet in diameter
the base, 4 inches at the top, and 8 feet high, which weighed . >
pounds. There were very fine specimens of solid beeswax in t
forms of horses, roosters, lion H, fish. World's Fair buildings, besiiU
bricks of beeswax and many o'lier novelties in wax.

Among other things in comb honey was some fine brood- rames
solidly filled with the whitest of alfalfa honey, besides 5 large stars of
comb honey, and .5 beautiful samples of different designs built in glass,
weighing from 30 to 60 pounds each. These were indeed most ingen-
ious, and attracted considerable attention.

This beautiful apiarian display from Colorado won the Grand
Prize on honey and beeswax, also 4 gold medals, 7 silver medals, and 5
bronze medals.

Mr. Swink certainly deserves great credit for the interest he took
in preparing and installing this large and attractive exhibit. No
doubt it will result in calling the attention of the world to what Col-
orado can do in apiarian products.

114 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 16, ms.

GorresponflenGe course in Bee Culture.

Last fall we announced this course and made a special oflFer to students for early enrollment. We have secured quite
a number of students, but nearly every one of these wants to continue his own bee-keepingf so that we find ourselves with-
out a sufficient number to recommend to parties wanting help in their yards.

We have inquiries now for help from a number of States— California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Pennsylva-
nia, Michigan, and other States. See what one of our students says :

Thb a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. La Costa, Texas, Jan. 28, 1905.

Dear Sirs :— I am very grateful for the 1905 edition of the " A B C of Bee Culture ". I am highly pleased with your instructions in your
Correspondence Course. It brings out points the amateur could never find by reading bee-books as it gives the essential parts in rotation so to
explain them understandlngly. It is like having a teacher or trying to study off-hand. Saving so much time and getting the foundation
started right is half the battle. I hope to be an expert bee-keeper some day. Should I fail I certainly could not blame you. Everything bear-
ing your name is first-class. May you ever prosper and live long to instruct us. With best wishes, Tours truly, W. R. Hesseew.

Send for our prospectus, or, better still, send us your Order with $10.00, for which we will send you :

Complete Course of 17 Lessons.
Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 Year.
1 A B C of Bee Culture.

We give in addition personal answers to as many questions as the student desires to ask, either on bee culture, loca-
tions, help, honey markets, or, in fact, any subject relating to bee-keeping. We know where many good locations are yet
untouched ; where the good honey markets are ; who is needing help, and hundreds of other things that the bee-keeper
wants to know. We can't tell you these things unless you ask. If you have hesitated to ask us, thinking we could not
well afford to give time to answer your questions, enroll in our Correspondence Course. Never mind if you have been a
bee-keeper for 20 years. If you do not need the lessons, the information we can give yon by mail on a variety of topics
will more than pay you. Let us show you one case :

A party became interested in bee-culture a few years ago and set about to build up a large apiary. He succeeded
remarkably well, but paid little or no attention to the honey markets, his time being taken up with other matters. The
third season he produced a very large crop of honey (150,000 pounds) and being unacquainted with the markets, he sent it
for sale to a large city, to a house no more familiar with the honey markets than he. It appears that they sold it at any
price they could get, for he told us later that the information we gave him of another market would have saved him over
a thousand dollars on the one sale. (He hadn't asked us for it, but learning of the situation we wrote him, but too late ;
the sale had been made.) Perhaps the American Bee Journal readers think they would not be benefited. We assure you
there are dozens of ways in which you can be helped.

Here is what one of our customers thinks of our " A B C of Bee Culture ", which is included with the course :

" After looking through the 1905 ' A B C of Bee Culture ', just received to-day, I told
Mrs. C. I would not take $25.00 for it if I could not get another copy. — P. F. Conklin,
Elmira, N. T."

The IVew Edition (1»05) '• A B C ot Bee Culturs " is «l.aO,
postpaid, if ordered alone.

V^TlTT^F^"^.*' 'flf? *(**

And another customer speaks thus of Gleanings in Bee Culture :

Danville, N. J., Dec. 12, 1904.
Dear Sir :— You ask if I have found " Gleanings " a good investment, and I can truly say the investment has not only been good, but
very good. Although I do not keep bees for profit at this writing, but hope to at some future time, will say that I am trying to learn all I can
about the subject, and "Gleanings " adds more ideas to my limited store of knowledge than any other publication I receive. All the depart-
ments treated in this semi-monthly paper are very interesting to me, and I get anxious to see its pages when the date arrives for its appearance.

Yours truly, Ralph P. Fisher.

Don't you think $10.00 Is a small price for what we are offering you ?

Cileanings (senii-niontbiy, 5S pages) is $1.00 per year if ordered alone.

THIE Ji^. I. R.OOT OOlwdlFJLnsr^

MEDINA, OHIO.

^&&&,&&&&&^&&&&&fg^^^^&^S'&^&&&&&&*»^^&&&&&&&e^^e'&&&&&&&&,&^(S

^1861 ^^

^ERICA]^

Entered at the Poet-OflBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
PubUsIied ^Veekly at $1.00 a ¥ear by Cieorge YT. Tork & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORQB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL, FEB, 16, 1905,

VoL XLV.— No. 7.

=^

€bttortaI Hotcs
ani) (Eommcnts

J

A Reminder— Order Bee-Supplies Early.

When we were in the bee-supply business we had two kinds of
summer sympathy. One was for the bee-keeper who suffered for the
lack of bee-supplies wlien they were so sadly needed in order to take
care of the swarms and the harvest ot honey. The other kind of
sympathy was for the overworked bee-supply dealer who was almost
killing himself in trying to fill orders promptly, and yet at times could
not get the goods from the manufacturers fast enough in car-load lots
to fill his accumulating orders.

But much of this suffering could be avoided it many more bee-
keepers would send in their orders for supplies about two months be-
fore they are really needed in the apiary. This should give both dealer
and manufacturer ample time to fill such orders, no matter how many
of them there might be.

"But", the bee-keeper says, " I don't know just what will be
needed two months later." Ot course, you don't know exactly, but
you can estimate near enough so as to have on hand practically all
that will be necessary when the honey season comes. Fortunately,
bee-supplies are not perishable like apples and pumpkins, so if an ex-
tra supply is on hand they will keep until another season. It some-
times costs the bee-keeper more to be without supplies when they are
needed than it does to have a little extra money invested in a surplus
stock of supplies.

Closer Touch of National Officers and JVIembers.

Just when and where a certain subject can be most profitably dis-
cussed, and just what subjects can most profitably occupy the time of
a convention or the space in a bee-paper— these are questions not
easily settled in all cases by hasty thought. Evidently something of
this was in the mind of one of the officers of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association when writing as follows :

" Mr. Editor ;— It has occurred to me that there ought to be
closer touch between the members of the National and its officers than
at present exists. It is not pleasant to' have an occasional hint thrown
out that there is some kind ot a big four trying to run the Association
without regard to the best interests of the members. Such a thing
can not be too severely condemned, and it it exists those who know
thereof should not stop at hints, but speak out very plainly, giviu"-
names and specifications. The officers ot the National are not— at
least should not be— autocrats ; they are servants ot the Association,
chosen to be its representatives and do its work. So tar as I have had
an opportunity to judge from being one of them, I believe that at
least most of them have no other desire than to have done just what is
best for the general interests of the membership, and if there has
been any clique that has had a controlling power in influencing action,
I have not known of it.

" But however united the Board ot Directors may be in desiriu^ to
do just what is best for all, they are in one respect badly handicapped
They have never an opportunity for a full meeting in person, and liv-
ing long distances apart the discussion of any matter by mail must
necessarily be tedious, and to ome extent unsatisfactory. The poin;,
however, that I have more particularly in mind just now, is that ni

their deliberations they ought to have the fullest opportunity tor full
and free consultation with the membership at large.

" T wo way s occur in which this may be done: At the annual
convention, and in the columns of the bee-papers. If the latter will
permit it, there are distinct advantages in that way. Conference in
the convention can occur only once a year ; in the columns of the bee-
papers from 12 to 52 times. A matter needing immediate early atten-
tion may have to wait nearly a year tor the convention, and only a
week or a month for the paper. Then, the paper reaches a larger
numljer of members than is to be found present at the annual meeting.
It costs much less^provided space in the papers is not paid for — no
small item. The question is, Will space be accorded?

" Without particularizing others, one subject upon which light is
needed — although it may not be referred to the Board, it is one ot
general interest— is that of incorporation. Will it be good or bad to
have the National incorporated?"

There is little doubt that any ot the bee-papers will cheerfully
give space for the discussion ot matters that may come within the
province of the National. Indeed, that's what the papers are for, to
discuss matters of general interest to bee-keepers. Every bee-keeper
should feel at liberty to take the initiative, and to suggest anything
that he thinks ought to be acted on by the management of the Na-
tional. At the same time it should not >>e forgotten that space is not
unlimited, and it must always be left to each bee-paper to decide for
itself what is and what is not worthy ot publication.

Sawdust for Smoker-Fuel.

This is the way it is used by S. E. Miller, editorial writer in the
Progressive Bee-Keeper :

" Grab a handful of green grass and stuff it down on the grate to
keep the sawdust from sitting through, fill the fire-cup to within an
inch of the top with sawdust, then drop about a teaspoonf ul ot kero-
sene on top of the sawdust and light it with a match. Let it burn
this way and do not close the top for several minutes, or until it has a
good start. Then place another handful of grass on top ot the saw-
dust to act as a spark arrester, and close the smoker and it is ready for
business. The grass in the bottom keeps the sawdust from sifting
down through the grate, and that ou top keeps the sparks from fiying
out. The grass on top will not burn for quite awhile, and when it
does, and the smoker begins to throw sparks, put on a fresh supply of
grass. As it burns from the top downward instead of the reverse, it
will burn along time before being exhausted."

Incorporation and the National Association.

Entire unanimity of sentiment regarding the advisability of in-
corporation for the National does not seem to prevail. One member
expresses himself on this wise:

" I understand that it will cost only $10 to Incorporate. When an
incorporated concern was misrepresented in the Ladies' Home Journal
there was a prompt, distinct, and unqualified retraction and apology.
When bee-keepers were misrepresented in the same Journal, no sur-
prising degree ot agility was displayed in making a retraction, and
when it did come it could by do means be said that it was so unquali-
fied as to leave nothing more to be desired. It I understand the thing
correctly, the difference was due alone to incorporation in the one
case and the lack ot it in the other. If the National had been incor-
porated, would we not have gotten back the full worth of our JIO in
the different treatment we would have received?"

On the other side of the question, "To incorporate or not to in-
corporate", another member writes thus:

" The only reason for incorporating the National Association is
that we might be able to make troul)!e. Other bodies incorporate to
avoid the individual responsibility of tli'; members, but the only reason
that I have heard, up to the present time, tor our incorporating is that

116

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 16, 190S.

we might be able to sue somebody. Now, it is my candid opinion tliat
the National Association can find better use for its money than to
spend it in lawsuits. The more you have to do with lawsuits the more
you will wish you had not had anything to do with law. Here is the
point: If we should sue any paper for damages, we would have to
prove the damages first. The question would then arise, " Who has
been damaged ?" And we would have to prove that the National
Association, as such, had been damaged. We could not appear in
court representing the entire bee-keeping industry, whether we are
incorporated or not incorporated. All we could do would be to repre-
sent the members of the incorporation, and we would be very apt to
find some trouble in proving that the individual members had been
damaged a fixed amount."

Cleansing Wax in Salt Water.

In Praktischer Wegweiser it is recommended to boil wax in salt
water, watching carefully that it does not boil over. Two or three
boilings are said to make the wax clear. The proper quantity of salt
is not given.

irttscellaneous
Views <- 3 terns

=J

The Michigan Convention will be held Feb. 23 and 24, at
the Eagle Hotel in Grand Rapids, All being well we expect to be
present. Since publishing the notices of prizes offered, on page 84,
we have been invited to participate, and would say that the American
Bee Journal will "give a year's subscription to every man [or
woman] who wins any of the other prizes ". We hope there will be a
good exhibit of honey.

The York Honey Co. is now entirely in the hands of Mr.
Henry M. Arnd, who has been the manager of the company since it
was formed last spring. We have disposed of all our interest to Mr.
Arnd, as per agreement dated Feb. 1, 1905, which also includes, for a
specified time, the privilege to use our registered honey-labels, and
also the name" York", in the business or firm name. We wish Mr.
Arnd the fullest measure of success, as he certainly deserves. Bee-
keepers can rely implicitly upon him for an honorable and square deal
every time. ,«mm«».

Mr. H. S. Ferry, of Westchester Co., N. Y., has sent us a sam-
ple of the Ferry hive-opener and also the Ferry bee-brush. Each is
attached to a small chain, at the other end of which is a metal eyelet
to slip over a button, which insures its presence when once buttoned
to the operator. The metal hive-opener is about 4 inches in length,
and one end is in the form of a ring. At the other end is a sort of
tomahawk, which can be used as a tack-puller, screw-driver and little
hammer. The bee-brush is made double, so that bees from both sides
of a comb can be swept off with one motion. Both of the articles are
ingenious, and doubtless will be offered to bee-keepers through the
bee-supply dealers. .„...•••.

The Illinois Bee-Keepers' Bill has been introduced in the
State Legislature and referred to the proper committees. The follow-
ing is a copy of the document :
'^ A BILL.

An Act making an appropriation for the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association.

Whereas, The members of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation have for years given much time and labor without compensa-
tion in the endeavor to promote the interests of the bee-keepers of the

State; and, . , . , ,_ .,

Whbkeas, The importance of the industry to the farmers and
fruit-growers of the State warrants the expenditure of a reasonable
sum for the holding of annual meetings, the publication of reports
and papers containing practical information concerning bee-keeping ;
therefore to sustain the same and enable this organization to defray
the expenses of annual meetings, publishing reports, suppressing foul
brood among bees in the State, and promote the industry in Illinois:

Sec. 1.— Be it inacted by the people of the State of Illinois repre-
sented in the General Assembly : That there be and is hereby appro-
priated for the use of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association the
sum of $1200 per annum fc.r the years 1905 and 1900, for the purpose of
advancing the growth ami developing the interests of the bee-keepers
of Illinois; said sum to be expended under the direction of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association, for the purpose of paying the expenses
of holding annual meetings, publishing the proceedings of said meet-
ings, suppressing foul brood among bees in Illinois, etc. Provided,
however, that no officer or officers of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers'

Association shall be entitled to receive any money compensation what-
ever for any services rendered for same out of this fund.

Sec. 3. — The Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association shall appoint |
at each annual meeting a State inspector of apiaries for one year, or
till his successor is elected and qualified, who may, if necessary, ap-
point his own assistants. Said inspector, or inspectors, shall, when
notified of the existence of the disease known as foul brood among
apiaries, examine all such as are so reported, and all others in the
same locality, and ascertain whether or not such disease exists, and,
if satisfied of its existence, shall give the owner or person who has the
care of such apiaries full instructions as to the manner of treating
them. Within a reasonable time after making such examinations the
inspector shall make another examination thereof, and if the condi-
tion of any of them is such as in his judgment renders it necessary, he
may burn all the colonies of bees and all the comb necessary to pre-
vent the spread of the disease. Such inspector shall, before burning,
give the notice provided for in and otherwise proceed pursuant to the
provisions of Sec. 3 of this Act. The inspector shall make, at the close
of each calendar year, a report to the Governor and also to the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association, stating the number of apiaries visited,
the number of those diseased and treated, the number of colonies of
bees destroyed, and of the expenses incurred in the performance of
his duty. Said inspector shall receive S4.00 for each day actually and
necessarily spent in the performance of his duties, and be reimbursed
the money expended by him in defraying his expenses, provided that
the total expenditures for such purpose shall not exceed $700 per year.

SALE OP DISEASED APIABT, BTC.

Sbc. 3. — Any owner of a diseased apiary, of honey made by or
taken from such an apiary, or appliance taken from such an apiary,
who shall sell, barter, or give away any such apiary, honey or appli-
ance, or bees from such an apiary, expose other bees to the danger of
contracting such disease, or refuse to allow the inspector of apiaries
to inspect such apiary, honey or appliances, shall be fined not less
than $50, nor more than $100, or be imprisoned in the county jail not
less than one month nor more than two months.

Sec. 4. — That on the order of the President, countersigned by the
Secretary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, and approved
by the Governor, the Auditor of Public Accounts shall draw his war-
rant on the Treasurer of the State of Illinois in favor of the Treasurer
of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association for the sum herein
appropriated.

Sbc. 5.— It shall be the duty of the Treasurer of the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association to pay out of said appropriation, on itemized
and receipted vouchers, such sums as may be authorized by vote of
said organization on the order of the President, countersigned by the
Secretary, and make annual report to the Governor of all such expen-
ditures, as provided by law.

Every bee-keeper in Illinois is requested to write his senator and
representatives now in Springfield, urging them to support the above
Bill. It should be passed promptly on account of its great need by
the bee-keepers of this State, and also by reason of its modest and ex-
cellent requirements.

The two committees are made up as follows:

Senate Appropriation Committee: — Gardner, chairman;.
Hughes, McKenzie, Townsend, Pemberton, Mueller, Juul, Barr, Ham-
ilton, Lundberg, Evans, Hall, Curtis, Templeton, Campbell, Hull,
Powers, Burton and Cunningham. i j

House Appropriation Committee: — Trautman, chairman ;^
Shanahan, Pendarvis, Kerrick, Lindly, Taggart, Dudgeon, Monroe,
Rodman, Drew, Miller (of Clark), Glade, McGuire, Smejkal, Hardin,
Arnold, Gaunt, Oglesby, Kittleman, Keck, Russell (of Iroquois)^
Pogue, Coyle, Heinl, Pedersen, Zaabel, Echols, Rose, Donahue, Loy,
Grace, Harris, Coleman, Cooke, Rapp, Finnan, Hearn, Witt, LurtoDy
Schafer, Wilson and Craig.

Rootville's Latest Rootlet. — Last week Tuesday we re-
ceived the following announcement of the arrival of another boy in-
the family of the editor of Gleanings :

Friend York : — An 8-pound boy came to our house last Sunday
morning. Both mother and boy are doing finely. He seems to be a
very healthy and strong child ; hardly ever cries, and sleeps and eats
just as any good, strong boy ought to. Sunday morning after, I tried
to put on two different collars, and they were both too small ; and,,
finally, when 1 did get one on it was a tight pinch. I have heard of
swelled heads, but never heard very much about swelled necks. L
suppose I've got 'em both. E. R. Root.

P. S. — Later. — Just bought a new hat. Had to.

So Editor Root's head swelled so that it extended down into his-
neck. Sort of " got it in the neck ", too. Well, well, it does beat all
how certain happenings affect certain people. Suppose Grandpa Root
is also putting on "A. I. R.s" just now.

Congratulations to all of 'em.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook ;
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

I

Feb. 16, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

117

-V (£ontrtbutcb ^-
Special Clrticlcs

^

=/

An Experiment with Alfalfa in Illinois.

BY J. E. JOHNSON.

ONE year ago last spring- (April 28) I plowed about one
acre of ground, then harrowed it twice, after which I
sowed 10 pounds of alfalfa seed and 100 pounds of in-
fected soil from the Illinois Experiment Station ; that is,
soil taken from one of their successfully inoculated alfalfa
fields. I again harrowed this little field twice. The weather
was fairly favorable, and in two weeks the alfalfa was up,
and made a good stand.

The first year I clipped it twice, and let it lay on the
ground. Tubercles did not begin to form on the roots until
about August or September, and the alfalfa did not look
very thrifty. In one corner of this patch the white clover
came up pretty thick, and at least half of the alfalfa plants
in this corner died out entirely, and very few tubercles
formed on these remaining plants.

In 1904 the alfalfa continued to improve except in the
corner where the white clover was, and as it began to bloom
I visited it frequently. One fine morning in the latter part
of June I found that the bees were coming in great numbers
from that direction, and the steady, though strong, low
hum indicated that a great honey-flow was on. The bees
would alight on the ground and alighting-board in front of
the hive and rest. Everything seemed to indicate that one
of the greatest honey-flows I had seen was at hand ; and as
there was a steady stream of bees from that field of alfalfa,
I at once went to investigate.

Sure enough, there were the bees, but all were coming
from or going to the basswood timber down by the creek
about half a mile away. A close examination proved that
not one honey-bee could be found on that alfalfa. But there
were thousands of bumble-bees very busy on it. In fact, I
never knew before that there were so many little bumble-
bees in this neck of the woods. They all seemed to be
about half the size of the old-fashioned Mr. Bumble, with
whom I was so well acquainted in my childhood days.
Why these bees preferred alfalfa to such a flow from bass-
wood I am not able to say.

Well, in a few days I cut the alfalfa for hay, and it
made fine hay ; even the hogs would clean up a whole fork-
ful of the dry hay, and both horses and cows like it.

In about four weeks it was in bloom again, and I could
find honey-bees working on it every day, but there did not
seem to be any great yield of honey ; but it yielded some, I
suppose, and when it was in bloom again in late fall the
tees would work on smartweed until about 10 o'clock, then
they would turn their attention to the alfalfa.

The alfalfa has seemed to improve gradually in thrifti-
aess, and its roots are now 3 or 4 feet long in some places,
and it has a fair supply of tubercles, but not as many yet
as it should have ; but in this corner where the white elover
got started, there the alfalfa plants have very few tubercles,
and some none at all, and the alfalfa looks spindling.

I have observed and studied the actions of this little
field of alfalfa very closely, and I feel confident that there
is an antagonism between the bacteria of alfalfa and those
belonging to white clover. Not that there is a declaration
of war between them, but that the presence of great num-
bers of white clover bacteria has an unfavorable efi'ect on
the action of the alfalfa bacteria, I am pretty positive.

It is a well-known fact among bacteriologists that the
product of one species of bacteria is often unfavorable to
another, and prevents its rapid propagation. For instance,
persons having a certain contagious disease are found to be
immune from certain other contagious diseases, and can
not contract them, even though thoroughly exposed. There
is a little white clover here and there all through this field,
and in order to smother it out I let the alfalfa stand, and
did not cut it the third time. It produced some seed

I neglected to say that I gave this land a light dressing
of manure before I sowed the alfalfa. I also applied lime to
a part of it, which gave it a little aid, I think. And to part
I applied wood ashes, a-.id that little spot on which I ap-
plied ashes far outstripped the other, and a much greater
abundance of tubercles can be found on the roots in that

spot. For lack of ashes I applied ashes only to a spot about
10 feet square. Possibly the soil lacks potash.

I think perseverance will bring about a good growth of
alfalfa, as well as a fair yield of nectar. I expect to sow
several acres of alfalfa next spring. My neighbors are be-
coming greatly interested in this experiment, and several
have asked for infected soil. I had several visitors who
came purposely to see this alfalfa.

From the way this alfalfa grew last year on the best
part of the patch, I feel safe in saying that when it has be-
come well established it will yield twice as much hay as
common clover, and that it will, with its long roots, not
only stand the dry weather better, and not freeze out, but it
will bring both potash and phosphorus from a grefiter
depth than any other leguminous plant, thereby adding not
only nitrogen but potash and phosphorus as well.

My catnip experiment is as yet only a moderate suc-
cess, but does well among any decayed rubbish without any
shade. I will perhaps tell more about it some future time.

However, I got about 100 pounds of extracted honey
that smelled very strong of catnip when I was extracting
it. This honey has a flavor very much like hoarhound
candy, and we all like it so well that we kept it for our own
use. It is a little darker than clover. I suppose it is about
half smartweed. I will send a pint jar free to the editor if
he will pay express charges. Knox Co., 111.

[The sample of honey arrived in due time, but we could
neither smell nor taste any catnip about it. Some 25 years
ag© we had a sample of catnip honey that was the real
thing, and, compared with that, the sample sent to us by
Mr. Johnson has scarcely a trace of catnip honey in it, we
think. Mr. Johnson's sample is good enough for any one
to eat at any time, while the catnip honey we had long ago
would be a good remedy for a certain kind of childish
ache — just below the belt !— Editor.]

No. 2.— Bee-Keeping in the Southwest.

BY PROF. LOUIS H. SCHOLI,.

[Coatinued from page 85.]

MANAGING THE BEBS BEFORE THE HONEY-FLOW.

IN a previous article were listed the honey-flows as they
appear in the different localities, and the readers will
therefore have an idea about the time when these flows
may be expected, and the length of time the beekeeper has
for bringing his colonies to the best possible condition for
them.

WHEN TO BEGIN PREPARATIONS.

With many bee-keepers the idea still prevails that the
time to begin preparing the bees for the honey-flow is not
until spring, but many years of experience have taught
some of «t that the right time to begin is in the fall before.
If the bees go into winter quarters in good condition, with
plenty of stores, they will come out the following spring
ready to make preparations for business when the honey-
flow comes. Such colonies will build up rapidly, and popu-
lous colonies are one of the most important essentials in
producing a large crop of honey. Herein lies the way for
success in bee-keeping. Weak colonies, in a poor condition,
will not do ; they will profit their owner little or nothing
at all.

MANAGEMENT THE PREVIOUS FALL.

Begin the fall before by having good queens in all your
colonies. This is of great importance, for around them
centers everything. To have a good queen in a colony
means the same as heading a herd of fine-bred animals with
one of the best breeders. Of course, all this is well known
by the bee-keepers in general, but do they follow such
teachings about which they have learned? While some do,
it is neglected by entirely too many, and that to their own
detriment and loss.

Besides good queens, the condition of the brood-nest
should be looked after, that there are no defective or incom-
pletely built out combs ; or, as it sometimes happens in
some of our Southern apiaries, that there are no pollen-
filled combs left in the center of the brood-nest. Sometimes
an abundance of pollen is stored in the late summer, and
combs are packed solid with it. Such, together with other-
wise unsuitable combs, only retard the progress of brood-
rearing of the colony in the early spring ; and no matter
how good the queens may be, they will not be able to do
their part unless a brood-nest is provided for them in the

118

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 16, 1905.

best and most suitable manner for their purpose. For this
reason it is important to look after the condition of the
brood-nest also.

Provide the colonies with plenty of stores — for winter ?
No, not only, but for next spring also. Many a time a col-
ony has had enough to live on during the winter, only to
starve during the early spring until the honey-flow arrives.
This is a decided loss. It retards the progress of the colo-
nies to such an extent that they are not in shape to do the
best possible work when the required time comes.

WINTERING THE COLONIES.

Such a subheading looks strange in an article on South-
ern bee-keeping ; nevertheless there is more truth in it
than may be supposed, for we winter our bees in the South
as well as elsewhere, or at least we should do so. This does
not mean bee-cellars or chaff-hives, and the like, but it
means that the bees are to be prepared for the winter just
as outlined above, with sufficient stores, and every colony
in good condition, with plenty of young bees. Very little
else is necessary in the South during winter. If they are
protected from the north and exposed to a southerly loca-
tion, it is all the better.

The extracting-supers are left on the hives the entire
year, and usually contain some honey as part of the winter
stores. Later in the spring they are used for brood-rearing,
thus providing additional room for the queen ; and large
hives prevent swarming. Still later, when this room is not
occupied with brood any longer, and more honey is being
brought in than is used by the bees, it is stored in these
supers, thus preventing the clogging of the brood-nest,
which so often happens if only a single-story hive is used.
Thus, the extracting-supers have an advantage for three
purposes if left on the hives — for containing an extra
amount of honey for winter stores ; in providing additional
room for brood-rearing ; and furnishing room for storing
early honey.

THE HONEY-FLOWS.

In my own locality, and many others, some honey is
coming in more or less during early spring, and brood-
rearing goes on rapidly, so that colonies soon become very
populous. Brood-rearing is begun very early, the queens
quite often not ceasing their egg-laying at all, in which case
some brood is present during the entire year. Therefore it
is possible to have strong colonies very early, and ready in
plenty of time for the coming honey-flow. The first flow
comes in April, from mesquite, and is the one toward which
we are building our colonies during the early spring. They
should be so managed that they will be in the best possible
condition for this flow — strong in bees of the right age for
gathering the nectar. Upon this depends the profit of
keeping bees.

SWARMING AND PREVENTION.

With everything favorable, swarming might be ex-
pected early from such populous colonies, and such will
appear as early as the month of February in some years —
sometimes later — and often lasting until June or July. This
is what we want to prevent if we have an early flow and ex-
pect any surplus. For a later flow it may be best to force
them to swarm instead of preventing it, as the two, if built
up, might store more surplus than if they were not in-
creased. This would be the better plan perhaps if increase
is desired. The swarms might be natural or artificial.

SWARMING CEASES WHEN FLOW BEGINS.

If the colonies can only be kept populous and swarming
can be prevented until the honey-flow has begun well and
the bees have gone to work in earnest at storing surplus
honey, then we shall have conquered so much of the prob-
lem._ The bees devote their whole time and attention to the
storing of honey, and seem to forget all about swarming — a
fact which is entirely different from those existing else-
where, especially in the North where the colonies swarm
right in the midst of the honey-flow, leaving the hive with
supers of sections only partly completed, much to the vexa-
tion of the bee-keeper.

There are two ways of preparing your bees for the sur-
plus honey-flow for the best results, when such comes early
in the season. One is by preventing swarming altogether,
and the other is done by preventing swarming up to a cer-
tain time, but forcing them to the swarming condition just
before the flow, and then practice " shook swarming ". Of
these more will be said later, as space here does not allow
me to dwell upon it as fully as I would wish to.

Brazos Co., Tex.
[To be continued.]

(£onr>cntton
Procccbings

=\

J'

ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' CONVENTION.

REPORTED ?Y MORLEY PETTIT.

The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association held its 2Sth
annual meeting in Toronto, in connection with the Provin-
cial Fruit, Flower and Honey Show, Nov. IS, 16 and 17, 1904.

The secretary read the minutes of the 24th annual meet-
ing, which were approved and signed by the president.

Pres. J. W. Sparling's address was then presented,
after which Mr. Morley Pettit read the following paper on

EXTRACTED MONEY.

The main products of our industry are comb honey and extracted
honey; and in this country we produce the latter much more exten-
sively than the former. It will be seen, then, that my subject is
almost as broad as the business itseU. It naturally falls into two
main divisions : I. The production of extracted honey. II. The care
and sale of extracted honey.

The quantity and quality of honey produced depends upon:

1. Weather. 2. Locality. 3. Bees.

1. Weather is beyond our control ; but a careful study of condi-
tions extending over several years enables one to forecast with some
degree of accuracy, and plan operations accordingly.

2. Locality must be chosen and studied with equal care. The
nature of soil, flora and climate are of the utmost importance. The
soil should be moist, though not cold, and flora of the honey-bearing
varieties. It is desirable to have honey coming from early spring until
late fall with two or three sharp intermissions, when bees may kill
drones and lose the desire to swarm.

3. I spol;e of weather, locality and bees, meaning by the latter: a.
Race or breed of bees. b. Condition of bees.

a. There are three races of bees which play an important part in
Canada : Italians, Carniolans, and blacks. Blacli bees are the most
common, and have their good qualities and their champions. They
are, however, too excitable to be handled comfortably, and do not
defend their hives well from robber-bees and moths. Tlie Carniolans
are handy and prolific. They breed up rapidly in spring; but are
great swarmers. The Italians are quiet and good workers, defend
their homes well, and are not so much inclined to swarm.

6. The condition of bees would include style of hive and manage-
ment. As we strive for uniformity in the apiary, or set of apiaries, so
throughout the Province, country and bee-keeping world, the standard
hive should, as far as possible, be adopted. That is the Langstroth
hive. For the production of extracted honey I prefer the 12-frame
Langstroth hive, with supers of the same size. A good queen will
occupy this brood-chamber with brood until the fall flow, when she
will slacken her operations enough to allow plenty of winter stores to
be crowded in at the sides.

There is nothing about a hive so Important as the queen. She is
the heart of the colony. From her comes the life-blood, as it were —
the young bees to take the place of those which are wearing out and
dying. With a good, vigorous queen the brood-chamber is kept full
of brood in all stages, from the egg to the young bees emerging from
the combs. A populous, energetic colony is assured, ready for any
honey-flow that may come. A poor queen allows the circle of brood
to become smaller and smaller, and the bees get " lazy " according to
the old idea. That is, they dwindle in numbers, lose ambition, and
store but little honey. The sooner such a queen is replaced the better.

But the thing most to be dreaded is queenlessness. The bees are
working and growing old, while none are hatching to talie their place.
The combs of the brood-chamber which should be bright and filled
with eggs and brood, take on a forsaken appearance, and soon become
choked with pollen and honey. I am convinced that if it can possibly
be avoided a hive should not be one week without a laying queen at
any time. With the present scientific methods of queen-rearing, and
the low price at which queens can be obtained, one should always
have a few extra queens, of his own rearing or coming by mail, to use
in emergencies. The queen-condition of every colony must be care-
fully watched at all seasons of the year, but particularly in preparing
for winter.

The year around management has a direct bearing on the amount
of honey produced. During the fall flow every colony is assured a
good queen, good worker combs in the brood-chamber, and plenty of
stores for winter. In preparing for winter, remember first that in
cold weather bees must supply their own heat to keep the hive at a
living temperature. They also must breathe like any other animal.
Third, their breath is laden with moisture. Fourth, as in any other
city of from 30,000 to 50,000 inhabitants, the death-rate is considerable.

The spring management is quite as important as the winter. It is
then the breeding-up for a honey-flow is done, and two points particu-
larly must be observed. By all means provide plenty of stores, and
conserve the heat of the hive. By the beginning of fruit-bloom most
colonies should be ready for a super. At the opening of white clover
and alsike in June, the dark honey of the previous fall and present

Feb. 16, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

119

sprine should all be removed aB far as practicable from both super and
brood-chamber. Then put in wedges to enlarge the entrance, and put
on two supers containing 11 full Langstroth combs each, with ex-
cluder to keep the queen in her place.

The month of June is spent struggling with the swarming prob-
lem. By all means, so far as in you lies, hold your colonies together
and allow no swarming. With plenty of extracting supers, the tier-
ing-up system is more profitable, as by giving two or three supers to
each hive, extracting may be postponed until the height of the swarm-
ing impulse is past. Then an adequate gang of men taking off from
2000 to 3000 pounds daily can soon extract the honey. The needed
machinery for the yard consists of bee-hats, smokers and brushes ; a
light cooper's hatchet for prying and scraping, a wheelbarrow with
smooth, tight bottom, and a robber-cloth. The extracting-rooni
should be tight enough to keep out bees; but if such a place is not at
hand, the smoke from one or two smokers in the room will help con-
siderably to keep them out. Last season I used a 6-frame reversible
extractor, and now would buy nothing smaller. It is placed on three
legs high enough to deliver the honey into a barrel, and has inside a
device which strains the honey before it goes out into the spout. This
management, for which I am indebted to Mr. R. F. Holtermann, I
have found to be a great saving of time and labor. The can for cap-
pings consists of a square galvanized-iron can large enough to hold all
the cappings that two or three men could take off in a day. Fitted
within this can is another with perforated-steel bottom to hold the
cappings up 6 or 8 inches from the bottom and allow them to drain.
Wooden cross-bars on top support the combs, being uncapped. The
knives are kept particularly sharp, and in all our operations we study
the quickest and easiest way of doing things.

All white honey should be removed by the first of August to avoid
any admixture of dark honey. Owing to the great afiSnity which
honey has for moisture it is better, if possible, to extract on drying
days. The process of uncapping and extracting exposes so much sur-
face of honey to the air that a saturated atmosphere would thin the
honey considerably. In no case should honey be extracted during the
honey-flow unless three-quarters capped. It should, as soon as pos-
sible, be put into the packages in which it is to be sold, and sealed up.
For honey exposed to the air not only absorbs moisture and becomes
thin and watery on top, but it loses a certain amount of the delicate
flavor and aroma which it has from its native flowers.

This matter of the care of honey deserves attention. The producer
should understand thoroughly the nature of honey, what treatment
will benefit, and what will injure it. Then seek at all times to educate
buyers in this line. I might mention a few points:

Honey is first nectar of fiowers. Bees gather and ripen it by
evaporation in the hive. The latter process is dependent upon the
weather. In dry weather it is ripened quickly and capped. In damp
weather little capping is done. In our climate honey extracted thin
can seldom be thickened by any process which will not injure flavor
and color. The point to be made is, that honey should be well ripened
by the bees, then extracted dry, and sealed up as soon as possible.

The natural condition of honey is first liquid, then crystallized.
As agitation hastens crystallization in a saturated solution, so it
hastens the granulation of honey. Stirring, straining, dripping
through cappings, the jar of machinery, changes of temperature
which cause contraction and expansion, all hasten granulation. To
repeat the comparison : One crystal dropped into a saturated solution
of a salt causes the whole to crystallize quickly ; so a few grains of
honey left in the combs or cans from last year, or mixed in the honey,
make it granulate sooner than it otherwise would.

As honey is a natural product — not manufactured — it should be
sold in its natural condition. Many prefer it liquid because they do
not understand that it should granulate. As we desire to educate the
public to eat more honey, we should teach them that its natural con-
dition is granulated. Of course, we must give the buyer what he
wants, but use our influence to make him want granulated honey.

The package must be chosen to suit the trade. For liquid honey
glass seems to be preferred. For granulated honey use tin, wood, or
paper, but not glass. Cultivate the home market. See that every
house is supplied.

Further points which I have missed will no doubt be brought out
in the discussion.

The points which I would emphasize in the production of ex-
tracted honey, study your weather, climate, and locality. Choose the
best breed of bees and the right style of hives, and keep both in extra
condition the year around. Give extra attention to the queens and the
wintering, and allow no natural swarms, and as few as possible arti-
ficial ones. Do not extract honey until well ripened, then seal it up
as soon as possible. Study short cuts in working. Study your mar-
ket. Sell to the best advantage possible, and make good use of your
money when you get it. Moklet Pettit.

In opening the discussion on Mr. Pettit's address, K.
H. Smitii endorsed the main points, emphasizing' the effect
of climate and atmosphere on honey. Methods of extract-
ing which might do for California or Colorado would not do
for Canada.

G. H. Sibbald — The plan of having two supers on every
hive is all right, but if a colony were a little weak, to raise
the super up and put another under would not work well.
Mr. Pettit's point in urging the importance of queens is
good.

Mr. Pettit — If the colony is too weak for two supers, or
you have not enough supers to put two on each, you might
extract only the best-filled combs from the super each time
over the yard. The balance should be placed together at

one side of the super, to be finished while the empties are
being filled.

James Armstrong recommended taking combs of thin
honey from weak colonies and giving them to strong ones
to be ripened.

SIZE OF HIVES.

There was a lengthy discussion on the size of hives.

R. F. Holtermann — The great point is to keep your bees
together so they do not swarm. The larger hive rightly
managed will do that.

Mr. Sibbald — To keep bees from swarming, one must
keep the brood-chamber from clogging with honey. In a
large hive one can not do this, for they will crowd it in
around the brood, then swarm as much as ever. To get
well-ripened honey one must make the bees crowd the
honey up into the super.

Mr. Holtermann — I find by experience that a good
queen will have as little honey in a 12-frame brood-chamber
as in an 8-frame. If you can keep the bees from swarming,
that is the point.

CARE OF HONEY.

Wm. McEvoy puts his honey into tanks and covers over
tight for a few days, then skims oflf the foam. In what he
skims off he finds fine specks.

Mr. Pettit — If the honey is well strained there is no
need of any further skimming. The foam which rises on
the top is just honey — same as the froth on a milk-pail is
only milk.

Mr. Holtermann — Thin nectar may rise to the top.
Then moisture is absorbed at the top of the can and makes
the honey thin. This is the only difference between the
surface honey and any other. Honey should be sealed up
as soon as possible.

E. Dickenson, Jr. — This sknm, if allowed to stand, goes
back to honey.

Mr. Armstrong had found quantities of wax in the
foam which rises on honey that has been strained. Lique-
fying honey brings more foam to the top, and in this is wax.

Mr. Dickenson uses a milk-strainer wire-cloth for
straining.

Mr. Deadman criticised the use of a wheelbarrow. He
would use a wagon and tier supers up six high. He can
draw 500 pounds, or, on level ground, 1000 pounds, with one
ahead to draw and one behind to push.

Several spoke in favor of the wagon on smooth ground,
but where out-yards are in uneven ground the wheelbarrow
requires only one track. Then Mr. Pettit pointed out that
the specialist has so many things to move when he moves
his bees that a wagon seems an extra burden. Every
farmer has a wheelbarrow which can be borrowed.

(Continued next week. )

=\

CDur*:- Sister
Beekeepers

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Starting with Bees— Selling- Honey— Bee-Stings.

Five years ago I purchased an only colony of bees from
a neighbor for $2.50. I knew nothing about bees. That
was in early spring, and about the second week of June I
thought it time to put on the " upper story ", as we called
it. By the last of July I examined it, and found to my joy
and surprise it was full. I managed to get it off, and it
was leaned against a tree, a little way from the hive, to let
the bees crawl out. It was left there all that day and part
of the next, until the bees seemed to be carrying the honey
out, and it was taken into the cellar.

There were so many bees, and no super to put on, we
thought we would try to divide them. We took out two
frames of brood and put in some old empty frames and
made two new colonies. That was so late that all the bees
died in winter.

A friend let us take some old copies of the American
Bee Journal, and we read those and found out if we wished
to keep bees we must read. We sent for the Bee Journal,
and got all the books we could and spent the winter in
reading.

120

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 16, 190S.

In the spring- we bought 4 colonies of black bees. They
were regular hornets. We increased to 9 by dividing or by
taking a frame of brood from each colony that we could
and giving them an Italian queen ; by fall they were very
strong-.

We got a good supply of honey that season, averaging
about $4.00 worth a colony, besides what we kept for home
use. We did not lose a colony that winter, and increased to
13 with a fair honey crop the next season.

The season of 1903 was a good one, as we had 1300
pounds of extracted and 800 pounds of comb honey from 29
colonies, spring count.

Last season we had 35 colonies, spring count, and
about 325 pounds of extracted and 300 pounds of comb
honey. I began to sell my first super of honey, and have
had such a demand for both comb and extracted honey the
past year that I could not supply half of my customers. I
sell all from house to house. The extracted is put up in
quarts, half -gallons and gallons. I have regular customers
who wait for their winter supply. I never sell any honey
that is not nice and does not look No. 1.

Some order honey from the house, or take it when they
come for their berries. I get 8)3 cents for all extracted and
I2I2 to 15 cents for comb honey, according to the quantity
wanted.

I mold the beeswax in small cakes, and sell at 5 cents a
cake, which brings me 45 cents a pound ; or 40 cents a
pound for large cakes of 4 to 6 pounds to the laundries.

We use now only the 10 frame dovetailed hive. There
is very little trouble in hiving a swarm when one does
issue, as the bees always settle on a low tree near the api-
ary. Last season it seemed as if every swarm would settle
on the same tree. We try to keep down swarming by divid-
ing, and keep them strong by sometimes moving the combs
of hatching brood from one colony to another, giving the
strong one empty combs.

The bees sting me very much, and it always swells and
feels bad ; while the helper they very seldom sting.

We winter some of our bees in a cellar and some in the
house-cellar. Forty colonies went into winter, but I fear
some were a little light.

I like the Sisters" department, so that is why I try to do
a little. If you think this any good, I may tell what we do
next season. Mrs. J. E. Milugan.

Linn Co., Iowa, Jan. 16.

You have no doubt by this time realized that one can
not be too careful about not leaving honey exposed in the
apiary. It is almost sure to start robbing unless nectar is
coming in very abundantly.

You did not say anything about taking any bees with
the two frames of brood that you took to start those 2
colonies with, but I suppose you took the adhering bees
with them. One frame of brood and bees is not enough to
start a nucleus with at any time of year early or late, for
many of the bees will return to the parent colony. Two
frames of hatching brood well covered with bees is the very
least that should be taken, and usually three would be bet-
ter, especially if rather late in the season. Of course, I am
not referring to baby nuclei, or several nuclei, in one hive
for queen-rearing purposes, but nuclei for increase. It is
much better to have them strong to begin with.

You certainly have been very successful in your ven-
ture, also in disposing of your beeswax to such good advan-
tage in your home market.

One reason why you are stung more than your helper
may be that you make quick, nervous movements, while
your helper does not. Watch and see.

By all means let us hear from you as to the results of
next season's work. We heartily bid you welcome to our
corner.

Among the thousand and one remedies recommended
for bee-stings, there is at least one which might be called a
woman's remedy— the washerwoman's Javelle water — which
is used to take out fruit-stains and the like. Whether effec-
tive or not, it is probably as good, at least, as the average
bee-sting remedy.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

=\

2Ttr. ^astii's
(Xfkvt\}oxxq,l}t5

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

BEE-KEEPERS A CLOSE CORPORATION.

So Editor Hutehinsoa can peacefully contemplate our craft re-
duced to such a close corporation that bee-papers would cease to ex-
ist. Bee-men too few to support papers. Now my feelings are in-
clined to '• rage and pitch " a little at such a prospect as that. How
is it with thee, gentle reader? Page 874.

DIVERSE CONCEPTIONS OF APICULTURE.

What a lot of diverse conceptions of apiculture comprise the A,
B, C, D of the thing! And what a contradictory mix societies and
conventions and journals oft make of the incongruous list! Quite
enough to malse Pegasus wake up and snort.

A'3 Apiculture— nice, rural side-show,
Lo a few hives, set up seven in a row.
Where'er you go.

B 18 Bee-Ology— science the best :
Pays us in wisdom, life, proflt and zest-
Come and be blest !

C is cute Charity's bee-keeping plan.
For the paniry and purae of each laboring man-
Teach him, who can!

D is trust Dives— and sooner be hung
Than drop a cool dewdrop on Lazarus' tongue-
Go it— you're young!

A MISSOURI PROVERB AND HONET-PRODUCTION.

A good Missouri proverb is that furnished by Mr. Calhoun, page
874: " No one so tar from market as he who has nothing to sell''.
Same class of proverbs as Solomon's, " Where no oxen are the crib is
clean ". The world over, in all ages, it sfeems to be the case that
nothing tends to beget nothing — and abundance of something good
tends to find its way where it is needed. But a turnip is not going to
ship a jug of warm, red blood — too far from market. Also, the Mis-
souri proverb kind o' brings us around toward the encouraging fact
that there is never so much honey produced in our country as ought
to be eaten in it. No fundamental impossibility to trouble us.

BEE-KEEPINS IN RUSSIA.

So Russia mostly uses hives of the kinds without frames; but the
proportion of frame hives steadily and rapidly increases. It was 13
percent in 1894 ; now probably over 36 percent. In the 17th century,
and previous apiculture (or api-e'</;j(«)'e), was very prosperous; and
there were large amounts of both honey and wax to export. Now the
nation pays out $2,000,000 a year for bee-products. Lilie good, thrifty
people they are scratcliing around to see if that sum can not be saved
by improved apiculture; and thus it comes about that their repre-
sentative, Mr. Abram Titoff, has been for some two years searching
the United States for ways and ideas that may perchance make Rus-
sian apiculture more profitable. Mr. Titofl's paper read at St. Louis is
a very noteworthy document. To help stimulate the declining indus-
try the tax on bees was removed more than 100 years ago. Pages 878-
880.

CANDT-MAKERS AND ADULTERATION STORIES.

Misery loves company. It soothes us some to learn that the
national society of candy-makers has to struggle with prevalent lies
about adulterations of candy. The case of flour is not quite similar.
No amount of lying about flour would bluff people off from using it;
but when candy and honey are believed to be spurious and unwhole-
some consumption declines. Page 881.

A QUEEN TARN TO KILL THE HONET TARN.

A fib about a regular trade in queens at $50 to S300 each is not a
yarn that we need to get infuriated at. Wonder if we can not turn it
to good use. Lies oft devour each other; and we should be happy in
seeing a harmless lie devour a pestilent one. Tell the good people
that if honey were all manufactured by machinery, interest in queens
would surely die out ; and there would be no fancy prices. Queens
can't do anything toward manufacturing honey except in the old-
fashioned honest way. Page 3.

IMPORTANT OMISSIONS APT TO MISLEAD.

How often a comrade in print leaves us utterly in doubt whether
what he is giving us is remarkable and important or very much a mat-
ter of course — all by omitting to tell us a few necessary things. About
California's 8th question (page 8), as many as three different theories
suggest themsehes. Supposing that he increased 3 colonies to 54, he
hardly gave them a chance to swarm that year. Increasing 54 to 65
would leave room for some swarming; and of 65 run for a season
without any artificial increase we would of course expect some swarms,
Swarming, however, is a very lawless matter — to present view. It is
quite Impossible to forecast it. A season with no swarms when we
expected and wanted some is not unusual; and to have two such in
succession is only mildly surprising. But a second supposition is that

Feb. 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

121

all increase was by purchase, and that he manipulated them in the
same way with intent to prevent swarming. The third supposition is
the same, leaving out the manipulation— simply did nothing, and just
tells us of three years without swarming as a natural wonder.

=\

Doctor mnuv's

Question = Box

J

Send Questions either to the ofhce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Spring Stimulative Peedins of Bees.

"Will what is termed " Yellow C Bright '' sugar do to make syrup
for stimulative feeding in the spring? I see it is quoted considerably
lower in price than the granulated sugar. If it is as good, and has no
ill-effects on the bees, I am thinliingof using it next spring.

Missouri.

Answer. — Any kind of sugar that bees will accept will be all
right to feed in the spring after the bees can fly daily. It is generally
considered that granulated sugar is as cheap in the long run as sugars
of lower grade at less cost. But it is possible that there may be some
mistake in this, provided there is very much difference in price.

As you say you are "just a beginner", it may be well to remind
you that there is danger of coiog harm rather than good by stimula-
tive feeding, for those who have not had much experience. Indeed,
many of those who have had long experience do not find it advisable
to practice stimulative feeding at all.

Cleaning Brood-Prames— Fumigating Poul-Broody
Hives— Prevention or Swarming.

1. In boiling frames to get the wax and propolis off, do you
know of any acid that will help the matter along i I have had foul
brood, and want to clean up and disinfect the frames.

2. I have been experimenting with formaldehyde, using a form-
aldehyde generator by boring a hole in the back of tlie hive, close lo
the ground, so the fumes could penetrate the brood-nest. In doing it
that way I fill the hives and supers full of the fumes. What do you
think of itf

3. Last summer, in manipulating my bees to prevent swarming, I
took two frames of brood with sealed queen-cells on them, intemling
to leave the parent queen in the old hive. But by having my attention
taken away from my work, I took the old queen along with the two
frames. The old colony did not swarm, and I got ~0 pounds of honey
from it; in fact, it produced nearly twice as much honey as my other
colonies where I kept the queen-cells destroyed and did not divide in
any form. What do you think of that plan? Do you think it will
work out that way every time? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. It is possible that a liquid prepara-
tion of formaldehyde might answer, but I am ignorant on the subject.
It is pretty generally agreed now that it is safe to use hives that have
contained foul brood, and it is possible that it would be just as safe to
use frames that had been boiled.

2. I have had no personal experience, and the testimony of those
having had experience is conflicting. It is possible that the failures
are owing to lack of thoroughness.

3. No, you can't always be sure of the sanae result, for in many
cases — probably in most cases— taking away two frames of brood and
bees with the queen would result in a swarm from the old hive as soon
as the first young queen was old enough to go with the swarm. You
may forestall that action, however, by cutting out all queen-cells as
soon as the first queen has left her cell, or the next morning after the
first evening when piping can be heard in the hive. But don't count
too much on the plan; you're not likely to get any more honey than
you would if the colony should be left entirely alone, provideil the col-
ony of its own sweet will should entirely refrain from all attempts at
swarming— indeed, you'd probably get more honey in the latter ease.
The unfortunate feature in the case is that bees are not always willing
to refrain from swarming.

Movements of the'.Cluster of Bees In Cellar-Wlntering-
Matlng Queens In Confinement.

By observation, I am led to believe that a colony of bees wintered
on the summer stand in an 8 or lu frame hive, with honey in all of the
combs, does not move to a new place when a warm spell gives them
the chance, but spreads out the cluster and carries the honey to the
old place, until it gets too cold again, then they draw back about
where they were at first.

1. What are the facts in the case?

2. Do bees in the cellar change the location of their cluster during
the winter'

3. If one were to discover a way to mate successfully queens in
confinement, would it be of any great practical value to the craft!

4. What recompense could one rely on, to follow success? Experi-

ments along this line, I think, are rather expensive, and require much
care and time.

5. Please give us a sample page out of Dr. Miller's record-book.

Illinois.

Answers. — 1 and 2. Bees do both ways, both in the cellar and
out. Sometimes honey is carried from an outer comb, without chang-
ing the place of the cluster. Usually the cluster moves gradually
backward or upward, as the bees eat their way into the full combs.

3. In special cases it would ; in general, probably not.

4. The greatest recompense would probably be the satisfaction of
having conquered a difficulty generally considered unconquerable.

5. It wouldn't do to give a whole page; there would be a gibber-
ing maniac in the Bee Journal otHce if one of that troublesome crew
should attempt to get such stuff into type, but I think I'll risk giving
one-third of a page, containing the full record of one colony :

50

U3

24 73 96 120

Apr 20 q cl good May 11 g 1 br & b br in 4
19th 4 br 25th t 1 br & b br in 5 Jun 1
t 2 br & b 4 br 13th July 11 kleg

Translated into the United States language, that means that 50 is
the number of the colony. The '03" under the 50 means that the
queen was born in 1903. The figures at the top are the numbers of
sections taken. First time, one super of 24 sections was taken, and
the number 24 was put down. Next time two supers were taken at
the same time, and "2 put down as the whole number up to that time.
Then another super was taken, making 96, and the last lime made 120
as the total for the season from that colony. If the last super had
been only half full, the number would have been lOS.

The remaining record runs: J/jril ?.'* I found that the ^ueen was
flipped, and the colony was good for that time of year. May 11 I ^ave
the colony i frame of &»-ood A' its adhering iees; and when that was
done there was 'jrood in 4 of the combs. May lyth there were 4 frames
of brood, no frame being less than half full of brood. If one or more
of the frames had been less than half full, the entry, instead of being
" 4 br " would have been " br in 4 ". May ?<(/t I (ook / frame of 6rood
<t" adhering 6ees, leaving brood in 5 combs. Jane 1 1 (ook 2 frames of
brood ct- iees, leaving J combs well filled with brood. June i.5(A I put
on the first super, July It 1 Allied 1 er/g; that is, I destroyed one egg
in a queen-cell. Evidently there was no further attempt at prepara-
tion for swarming the remainder of the season, no record being made
it neither grub nor egg was found in a queen-cell.

The above is a true transcript ; but not all colonies made so little
attempt at swarming, while a few made no attempt whatever.

You will see that in the foregoing translation I have put in Italics
the letters that are in the actual record.

Transmission of Bee-Traits— Kralner Bees— Old Brood-
Comb and Size of Bees.

1. Are the good and bad traits of bees transmitted through the
drones as much as through the queens?

2. Have the Krainer bees from Krain, Austria, ever been imported
to this country? Are they more hardy than Italians?

3. How many years constant use for brood can worker-comb be
used without diminishing the size of bees? I have read that the
cocoons left behind imperceptibly diminish the size of the cells of the
future occupants, and prevent the bees from attaining their full devel-
opment and size. New York.

Answers. — 1. It is generally considered so; indeed, I think the
preponderance of opinion is that the disposition of the offspring depends
more upon the drone-father than upon the queen-mother.

2. You have probably read and heard quite a little about Carniolan
bees. Well, Krain is merely the German word for Carniola. I'm not
sure whether the claim for greater hardiness has been well established,
but some think well of across with Italians.

3. I have combs that are 30 years old or more ; and I can not see
that the bees reared in them are any smaller than those reared in new
combs. I remember that one of the patient foreign investigators — a
German, I believe, whose name does not now occur to me— took the
trouble to measure the contents of cells in combs very old and new,
by actually filling them with liquid, and he found that the old cells
contained just as much liquid as the new. The idea that the cells be-
come smaller with age has been taught faithfully for many years, and
there are still some who advise that combs be renewed every four or
five years, but I think the idea is based only upon theory. Without
any careful examination, one might easily conclude that as something
more than was there before is left in a cell every time a young bee is
reared in it, the cell must necessarily become smaller. But examine
carefully, and you'll find that the diameter of the cell at its mouth
remains the same. You will probably And that the bees gnaw out
some of the cocoons at the sides, leaving it at the bottom. That, of
course, will make the cell shallower, but to make up for it the bees
add fresh wax to the cell-wall at the mouth of the cell. If they add
to the cell-wall at the mouth, that ought to increase the thickness of
the comb oughtn't it? Well, that's exactly what it does. Measure
the thickness of a piece of worker-comb from which the first batch of
brood has just emerged, and you will find it measures }g of an inch.
Take one old enough, and it will be fully an inch thick, and you will
find the septum \ of an inch thick. The only practical danger is that
if the combs get to be old enough the spacing from center to center
may become too small ; in other words, the space between two combs
becomes smaller. Don't worry about good, straight combs being hurt
with age.

122

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 16. 19DS.

B66"SliPDll6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larg-e stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Hassle Hives, etc.

■WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,Neo.; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffa,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
— , Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

i^dftete okeiiiiou 3ee journal 'fvuen WTitmg

Loois flanssen's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEWIS CO.'S

B-WARE

tfOwest prices and quick service.
Send us your 6rders and find out.

Davenport, Iowa. 213-215 W.2fl St

Please mention the Bee Journal.

36A26t

i!!5 DANDY cI°,"tIr

will double your egg yield. Thous-

ands of poultry raisers
say so. It costs less, turns easier,
cuts faster andlastslonger than
I any other. Price |r..Ou up. ^old on 15 Itay**'
1 Freo Trial. Send f'.^r b<^jk &Dd BpeoiftlpTopOBtUon.

STRATTON MF'G. CO.,
[ Box 21, Erie, Pa.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freig^ht. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON,

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

please mention Bee Jotimal "wnen -wrlti.TTjr

QUALITY.

Some of our competitors have been trying to oast a suspicion upon our goods, by stating
that the quality of the bee-supplies furnished by us, at a less price than is usually charged for
same, is of lower quality.

WE IJEIW XmS, and defy any one to prove that such is the case. All goods
manufactured by us are guaranteed to be of standard quality, irrespective of the prices.

The cause for selling our products at lower prices than others, is very simple. We are
at the heart of the lumber district, consequently do not have to pay freight for several hundred
miles on raw material and also prepay return freight on the manufactured product.

We have one of the most modern plants in the country, runniug by water-power. This
saves us the expense of fuel. Altogether we are able to sell at as perceat less than the
average manufacturer is able to do, without sacrificing the qualiry of our goods.

We guarantee you absolute satisfaction or refund your money.

JOHN DOLL & SON. ( Power bldfl. ) Minneapolis, Minn.
i DITTMER'S FOUNDATION §

g IS THE BEST 0

g Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES, g

S EARLY ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES. X

9 Wholesale and Retail. C

g Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. g

0 E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. 0

S CiUS ■>lX'mER, Aiig^usta, n is. S

Please mention Bee Journal •waen 'wnttn^.

Reports anb
(Sxpcrtcnccs

Results of the Season of 1904.

I started in the spring of 1904 with 6" colo-
nies and got 4500 pounds of extracted and
3700 pounds of comb honey, and increased to
140 colonies. I took 300 pounds of extracted
honey from one colony. I am only a novice
in bee-keeping, but I am learning. I have
the "A BC of Bee Culture " and Prof. Cook's
and Dr. Miller's books, and the best of all the
" Old Reliable ". Paul Jones.

Polk Co., Minn., Jan. 11.

Bee-Keeping in Arkansas.

I have some fine Italian bees that came from
Illinois. I had them shipped to me in the
fall, and they stored about 3 frames of nice
honey in October.

I have secured 100 pounds of surplus honey
from every strong colony during the past 3
years.

My apiary is well located 64 miles from
Little Rock on the Rock Island road. I have
been keeping bees here for the past 4 years,
and have been a subscriber to the American
Bee Journal the most of that time, and have
read some good books and papers on bee-cul-
ture. I can sell all the honey I can produce
right here and in neighboring towns at ISJ-a
cents per pound.

I believe bee-keeping in Arkansas can be
made a success. It is a fine State, and has
lots of rich soil yet undeveloped.

yell Co., Ark,, Jan. 2. A. E. Stone.

The 4x5 Section vs. the 4"4x4!i.

The 4x5 section is receiving a great deal of
attention lately, and much is being said about
it, but it seems to me a rather one-sided dis-
cussion. Let us look into the subject a little :

Its strong points or desirable features are
too well known, (being set forth in nearly
every catalog or paper that one may pick up),
to be mentioned here. We will dwell only
upon its most noticeable flaws.

Did you ever think, when putting full
sheets of foundation into sections, that the
4x5 takes more than the square ones? Well,
it does; and at the present prices, or 70 cents
per pound, it costs about 66 cents per thou-
sand more for these than for the old-fashioned
square ones. I am supposing, too, that the
foundation is cut to fit them. If regular

s

Telephone
Facts

Facts are what the farmer want8,
whether buying ii team or a telephone.
If you want to know bow others have
built successful telephone lines write
for free book HU. Our book F- 80 "Tele-
■^ Dhone Facts for Farmers" gives
"^ the facts you ought to know about
MW telephones for farm use,

W-^fld^CT"*"*- ^"*^ whether you buy

STROMBERG-

CARLSON
TELEPHONES

or not you will be in pOB-

aessiun of information

which will enable you to

buy the right telephone,

huild the right line and

viive unnecessary exper-

Imeniiut;. We send it free.

Stromberg-Carlson Tel.

Mfg. Co., Rochester,

N. Y., Chicago, III.

I Please mention Bee Journal 'wneu 'wntmjr»

Feb. 16. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

123

goods are used the cost will be a great deal
more, on account of waste.

It is a mathematical fact that a sphere cod-
tains the greatest solid contents in relation to
its surface, of any solid; i.e. . that a sphere
having 100 square inches of surface will have
a greater number of cubic inches contained in
it than any other solid having the same area.
But we can not have a spherical section, for
various reasons. The nearest approach to it
that we could use would be one in the form
of a cube. This is hardly desirable because
it would be almost too small to put founda-
tion into, and would look small when filled.
However, we can use the4>4x4i4 plain sec-
tion, which is the nearest approach to it.

Let some scientist tigure out for us how
much more comb or wax it takes to fill a 4x5
than a square section, then let him multiply
this by 10 to 2,5, which I think is the number
of pounds of honey commonly claimed to
produce a pound of wax. Again, let him
multiply by 15 cents, the price per pound of
the honey, and this product by 1000. We will
then know how much we lose on every 1000.

Then, too, there is the first cost. Section-
holders for these boxes cost .^2.25 per 100,
while those for others can be obtained for
fl.90. Other goods are in proportion. One

10 Great Seed Specialties

to every Intending purt-haBer.

Swedish Select Oats. The U. S.

Uept. of Agr. says: — "Now

probably the best American Oat."

Macaroni (Durumt Wheat.

Most talked about of all new

grains. ProdactlOQ increased 150

fold in 3 years.

RelUace Y. Dent Corn. Best for
So. Wis. and No. 111. Wisconsin-
ffrown St:ed Corn shipped on the ear.
MandKcheurl Barley, ijest of all
barleys. Pure, clean seed.
Speltz I Emraer). The wonderful Russian
grain uutyields both barley and oats.

Japanese Millet < Billion Dollar Orass).
Most valuable of all forage plants.

White llulless Barley. Equal to wheat
for feed and yields twice as much. Mont,
grown seed, very tine.
Alfalfa. Best Ara. grown seed. Large stock.
Old (;oM Clover, (^hoicest grade Med. Red.
Silver Hull Buckwheat. Fancy Seed.
Samples all the above mailed absolutely free
on request to every farmer who is a buyer.
m^jpnge illuatrated catalogqf Seed Polatoee, '
Ftfld Seeds, Garden and Flower ,^eeds also
free. Gold Medal Awarded at St,

L L OLDS SEED CO., Drawer G, Ciinlon. Wit.

Please mention Bee Journal -^^nen ^^ntuuL

WHITE SWEET CLOVER fairaf/SI?^

per pound in 50-ponnd lots.

M. W. HARRINGTON.

6A2t WiLLiAMSBCRG, Iowa.

SEND TO

JOHN W PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

oHe will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 7.5c ; 5 for *.3.25 ; 10 for
»6; 15 for ?8.25; 25 for $12.50; 100 for §45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

For Qoeens

llfonf pH Man 20 to 30 years old capable of
n Oil bull taking charge of aa apiary of 20O
colonies. Can give employment: balance of year
collecting and soliciting for lumber and coal.
In answering e'lve reference and salary ex-
pected. TRESTER SUPPLY CO. LINCOLN NEB
6Atf; li'iease mention the iieeJoarnal. -

Hardy Evergreens.

li"~»» grown in billiard beU of Northern
Iowa are healthy and full of vigor. We
prow them by the million, and our prices are
ihe lowest. To introduce them we will send
1'2 choice 2-year-old trees free of charge to
each property owner reading this adver-
tisement. Postage 5c— send It or not. as you choose.
Postal bring:s them with price list und sheet of bargains

THE GARDNER NURSERY CO., Box 715. Osage, Iowa

Salzer's

National Oats'

liroatrst oat of the century.

\ i*-Me.l in Ohio 187, in Alichi-
t'an -I'-M, in Missouri 2S5, and in
Nortli I lakota 310 bus. per acre.
^ uu can beat that record in 1905.

For 10c and this notice

we mail you free lots of fann seed
sampb'S and our big catalog, tt-U-
iriyall about ttiis oat wonder, Hdlion
Dullar tirass. Macaroni— the 80 bu.
per acrt* \V beat.Teosinte, etc.. etc.,
and tlionsands of other seeds.
JOHNA.SALZERSEEOCO.
La Crosse,
Wis.

FOR SALE

Several Hundred Cases

Nevada
WhiteAlfalfatloney

PRICE— 73o cents per pound, or S9.00 per
case of two 60-pound cans, f.o.b. Chicago.
Two cases or more at 7 cents per pound.
Write for special price on larger quantities.
Guaranteed absolutely Pure. Sample, 10c.

H. L. WEEMS,

P.O. Box 267, . CHICAGO, ILL.

7A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

*< If goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder."

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods at Root's rrlG6S

##

«

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers. km

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. A

I<ow Freight Rates Catalog Free V

I

®

I

8 **■"" ""■ ■'■■■"■"■■ ^

8 WALTER S. rOUDER, S

N 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. N

METAL MOTHERS

that hatch and brood chicks in a new way— nearer to
Nature's way—.m entirely new and novel method. The
simplest yet niDsi effective machines ever devised for the
artlHcIal hatchiu^^ and rearing of all kinds of poultry. The

Cycle Hatchers and Cycle Brooders

are made nf nn.i 1 and asbestos throughout: will not warp,
shrink or traok The Cycle Hatcher has no egg tray doors lo

open — eeg^ :iri- inoled without removing from the machine. „ , .,

Will hatch hen .I'li^k, goose or turkev eggs equally well and at the same time. Regulation
isentlrelv an' in.rioand scientlflcaily eiact-we obtain re.sults Impossible to get in WMden
machines. w.,iu for tree, catalogue and It-arn all at.out these Metat .V..f/i.r»
"the WondtT ..l the 20th Centurv." A M-egg batchlnt nK.rlune complete for only $.i.lW.
CYCLE HATCHER CO., BOX 224, SALEM, H. Y.

''lease mention Bee Journal -wheu writliig.

124

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 16 1905

I THE BEST THERE IS.

^ Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealing people, want the BEST of ^oods, the BEST of

^ service in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and the BEST of everything connected

n with getting their Supplies; the VERY BEST that can possibly be given for the money is

g> necessary to give entire satisfaction and what all should have.

If To absolntely please bee keepers in filling their wants has been our constant aim for

3> eight years, and while we do not boast about ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by

jj nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fail to write to us and tell us your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL DISCOUNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & GO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

87 ^ Percent Saved t

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

+^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, III.

hundred section-holders will hold 400 sec-
tions, so that it takes nearly 300 of them to
hold 1000 sections — a difference here of $1.05
in 1200 sections. But you will say, " I won't
have to buy supers and section-holders every
year." Quite so, but your money is tied up
in them, and you are losing the interest, and
I tell you that if bee-keepers make a living
they have to look out for such things.

There are possibly other things against the
4x5 sections, and many things in their favor.
Please do not understand me as condemning
them. I have just mentioned a few points
that seem to have been overlooked. I use a
few of them myself, and find them entirely
satisfactory, except in the several ways men-
tioned above. Robert H. Smith.

St. Lawrence Co., N. T.

Home Market's Demand and Supply.

The invitation on page 19, for those who
can sell more honey in the home market than
they produce, to tell the rest how they ac-
complish it, induces me to relate my expe-
rience, although it really seems to my mind a
trifle tame.

I am a practicing physician, and some 10 or
12 years ago I purchased a colony of bees,
thinking they would furnish me some needed

Manniacturers Of Du6'l\G6P6rS OliPPIIuS

Lowest Prices and Highest Quality. Our New Cata-
log just out. Write for it. Compare prices with others.
15 years' experience. Not in the ' Combination. Modern
Machinery. Sections and Shipping-Cases by the car-load.
Prompt shipments. Hives, ^Extractors, Feeders, and all
Supplies used by bee-keepers. All goods guaranteed as
per Catalog MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

TI16 GraHani-Hyde Bee Co.

SPECIALTIES

Falconer's Bee-Keepers' Supplies

At Factory Prices. We have Falcon-
er's branch house covering the entire
Sonthwesteru States and Mexico.
Send for special catalog, etc.
Bees and Queens.

All leading races. Bees andNocIei in
any quantity for distant shipments a
specialty. Send for circular and prices.
Honey and Wax.

Bought and sold. Honey-Cans in season.
Be sure and get our prices.
OUR MOTTO.

To have everything the bee-keeper needs
and to buy his products In return.
Correspondence earnestly solicited.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.

(Successors to The Hyde Bee-Supply Co,)
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

IDtf

Please mention the Bee Joarval.

lO-PaSe Catalog Free!

►^lease mention Bee Joumai T«rnBn -WTitiiLS,

§ 5cnd for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

' ourHI^V^ES and SEOTIOITS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will, SAVE MONEY, and

secure prompt shipment.

We will allow vou a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent in during January.

PAGE & LYON MFQ. CO., New London,Wis. i'sa

4<

^W Full information regardinR all kinds of BKE-
KEBPBRS' 80PPLIES. Best goods, iiatest Im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. .John Nebel & SON Supplt
Co.. High Hill, Mo, 3Dtf

flease mentloii Bee Journal -when 'writing

^^^SH^IT IS A FACT

that poultry paya a larger proflft
for the money invested than anj*
I other business; that anybody may
make a success of it without long
_ training or previous experience;
that the Reliable Iiieubator-i nnd Brooder« will give
the best resultsinallcases. OurSOthCentury Poultry
Book tells just why. and a hundred other things yoa
should know. We mail the book for 10 cents. Write
to-day. We hare 115 yards of thoroughbred poultry,

RELIABLE IHCUBATOB & BROODER CO.. BoiB-153 Qulacy.lll.

I

Feb. 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

125

M A SOLID FOUNDATION ^

"^^^ MEANS /

JL A SOLID HOUSE. V^

4 DADAIT'S FOFNMTIOIf s

i Solid, Straight Weil-Built Combs. ^

■jif «- -■!!»■ ^j»- 'iffjr '

^ iio.ooo Pounds ""'^'i^ ^^oT^'^ ^
% Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-Keepers' Supplies 1^

jL #^f## OF ALL KINDS. W

^ BEESWAX WANTED at all times. Pl^H^nf ^ ^OtlC /

4 ""

BEESWAX WANTED at all times.
Send for our 1905 Catalog.

Dadant&5ons ^^

HAMILTON, ILL. K

"I'iaaa mennon Hen Jovmsu waen wmuu

I MAKE MONEyT

HATCHING CHICKENS WITH THE

GEM INCUBATOR

that high-grade, low priced, absolutely reliable,
up-to-date hatcher. Sure proflts. Begin now—
get an early start. Write fur free catalog today.

Gem Incubator Co., Box 52, Dayton, Ohio

t*Jease mention ijee joumai ■wh.en writing.

r^ Lei Us Send You -«^

Our Book.

aboat ^ood wheels and good wagons that will save
yoaalot of workaQdmakeyoualotof money— the

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS

and the

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON.

By every test, they are the best. More than one and
a Qoarter milHooB Bold. 6pokc3 aintt-d to the
hub. Can't worli loose. A Bet of otir wheels Will
malce your old wagoa new. Catalogue free.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.,Box 16, QuJncy. Ills.

Flease menUuii. uee joumai -wnen "WTitlxis

PRAIRIE STATE

I NCUBATORSAND BROODERS

Acknowledged by exiipru tu be the
moet proDcable mii< liines made.
' Winners of 386 First Trizes. Write
tor free catalog witli jiroof and val-
uable information fur beelnnera ., .
Prairie State Incubator Co. |
Box 354, Homer City, Pa.

flease menuon itee jonmai 'wrien 'wtiqua

recreation and supply our own table with
honey. When I was 17 years old I lived sev-
eral months with an uncle and aunt who
made a specialty of beiis, and during that
time I picked up some rudimentary knowl-
edge of the business.

Well, I gave that first colony such good at-
tention that they not only supplied our table
and my wife's mother's table, but we had a
good many pound sections to give to friends
or relatives. At first I refused to take money
as I was not in the business for gain. I did
not myself belong to any church, but always
tried to help all denominations when I could,
so it happened that every minister in town,
or that came to town to hold service, was sure
of at least one pound of my honey every year.

In a few years the number of colonies in-
creased to 3 or 4, and I told my wife and boy
they might sell what they could spare after
our near relatives and all the preachers had
been well treated. Since that time there has
never been a season we could not have sold
at from 15 to '20 cents per section, several
times as much honey as we had to spare.

Last summer 1 increased to 12 colonies and
Italianized all of them, purchasing queens
from 3 different dealers, thus seeking to get
a mixed strain. Several people have already
spoken to me for honey, although January
has not yet passed.

As to the final oui' ome I am not very san-
guine. We have in this locality so many
years that bees do almost nothing. There has
been in the last decade such a slaughter of
basswood trees, and the white clover is so
very uncertain, thai, whoever keeps bees in

|EW POULTRY CATALOGUE

FREE, '''i" lr\rge 190.1 I'ouhry (.iii.l,- is t!ie

I Ici.ier. lis li' bestbookeverpublislied. 'fells

how tOf>r<> r<>i- n I ^AKE BIG MONEY t*llh pniil.

trj. Worth S2o '■ anyone- Send liic fonriailing.

JOHN BAUSCItlK, Jr., Box 94. Freeporl. Ills.
Flease zuentioii C^e roumal -when 'QTritlnSt

10,000 Plants for 1 6c

"ore cardene and farms are planted to
Salter's Seeds tliaii any other in
America. There is reason for tliis.
We own and operate over 5000 acres for
the production of our warranted seeds,
"hat you may try them, we make you
■==• the following remarkable otler; 1

Foi* IG Cents Postpaid

KKIO Fine Solid Cahba^f,
1000 Rare LusrlouH Kadlsbra, i

'iOOO Rich Ratterj- Lettuce,
101)0 Splendid OnionH,
2000 Julcj- Tender Turnips,
UOOO Sutty Tender Celerj.
lOOU CloHouBrj' Heautlful Flowers.
Al>i>ve seven paekngcs contain suffi-
cient seed to grow 10,000 plants, fur-
nisliing bushels of brilliant flowers
ami lots and lots of choiee vegeta-
li|<.-s, toyetlier with our great cata-
l.ig tellinK all ul)out Flowers,
<ises, .SmiiU Kruita, etc., all for
li;c in stamps und this notice.
Big 140-paye catalog alone, 4c.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO..
La Crosse. Wis.

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice Killing Machine

killiftUlla«Kndinilea. No injury t, bird* ur feath-
ers. UBDdlcs ttaj tirfi, smalteit cblck to Iftrgiflt
i;obb1«r. Madoin throe f>ii«g. Pkts f<^r Iteelflint
Bensiin. Also J.iff/irninq Liet KUling Unodtr,
PMiUry BU».LUc Mur.ifr,e<c. Weeeoutt »t«Ll*I
luw eiprsis rstcn. t'Btali'R scnlfrpe. Write Tcr IL

CHAIiI.EH 8CIIILD CO.

401 Detroit St., Oleveliind, tfUO

Hiisiir

' Our catalogues list larKe
lines of music and
"EVERYTHING MUsi-
rAL"-Band InstrumeiitH,
I Violins. Guitars — every-
thing' frnraa Jews-harp to
a Brhs Drum, for the band or tlie heglnner-we
Iniport aud Wholesale them, and make prices
tiitit rt'tailt-re cun't reach. Send for catalogues.
Write todftv and the quicker you can "piny."
II. K. McMllllii. lOSSuperlorSt., Clevi-lond. O.

126

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 16. 190

4^DlscounuoF6D.l§i)

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hiv6 and Box Go.

48Atf

LANSING. MICH.

TRIES THAT GROW y^^y'^:\ <'°"

Hardy varieties; yield /flfi>^^,V^ K per 100. We
big crops. Grafted y^S^v^/^ pay the freight.
Apple,4Hc; Budded y^^^ft<.*X Catalog. Kng-lieh
Peach, 3!^c;BIack y^w^ v^X or Geiinan, free.
Locuat Seed- XOsT^^^ GERMAN NURSERIES
iDga, »i P^ry^^y Bor 99, Beatrice. Neb.

3 I O-80 F«r
I ^ 200 Egq
■JNCUQATOR

Perfect in conetmction ftna
aotioD. Datohea every fertll*
egg. Write for catalog to-day

GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, 111.

STANDARD

Poultry
Bee.

AND....

SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

60-page Illustrated Catalog will be out
Feb. 1. Send your name for one.

GRIGGS BROS,

531 Monroe Street,
TOIjEDO, - OHIO.

4A23t Please mention the Bee Journal.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

r Utah. — The Utah Bee- Keepers* Associalion
will hold its spring convention in the Mayor's
Office, City and County Building, April 7, at 10
a.m. All are invited. Matters of great interest
to bee-keepers, and horticulturists will be con-
sidered. Cache Valley's experience of killing
the bees by poison spraying in the bloom must
not be repeated. Jot down your thoughts on
this or any other question, and bring or mail
the same. G. E. Gabrbtt, Sec.

E. S. LovEST, Pres.

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annnal convention
Feb. 23d and 24th, at the Eagle Hotel in Grand
Kapids. The Eagle Hotel is located at 65 to 71
Market St., cor. of Lewis St., one block south
of Monroe St. It will give a rate of f 1.50 per
day, and furnish a room free for holding the
convention. The Michigan State Dairymen's
Convention will meet in Grand Rapids at the
same time, and advantage may be taken of this
fact to secure reduced rates on the railroads.
When buying your ticket, ask for a certificate
on account of tt>e Dairymen's Convention. The
secretary of the Dairymen s Association will
sign this certifieate which will then enable the
holder to buy a return ticket for one-third fare.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning', bnylag' or selling', consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO., *

166 South Watbr St. Chicago. Ill,

the future will have to calculate on feeding: to
such an extent as to make the profits some-
what uncertain.

In this village, too, there are a good many
people trying to keep bees in unsoientifio
ways. It surely must be that there are too
many bees for the amount and kind of
pasturage. This evil will probably remedy
itself ere long.

As I think over what I have written I
strongly suspicion that if I had been really
trying to create a market for honey, the re-
sults might have been different.

Several times I have had occasion to inform
people that artificial comb honey is never
made, and that I am authorized to oiler $1000
for a pound of such. Davi8 R. Emmons.

Champaign Co., Ohio, Jan. 37.

Feeding Bees In An Obsepvatory
Hive.

On page 40 is a query concerning feeding
bees in an observatory hive. Dr. Miller will
pardon me for saying that he has not given
good advice in his answer. If it were late in
fall it would, indeed, be best to give the full
comb of honey ; but the question reads other-
wise. To take away the frame from an ob-
servatory hive means more than a mere fur-
nishing of food, for this hive has all-in-one-
comb its entire assets in honey, pollen, and
brood. It would not be advisable to give a
comb of honey then any more than to give a
full colony a set of combs of honey for its
own combs.

Nor would it be wise to feed "Good" candy.
The bees could not make good use of it for
keeping up breeding, and at the best would
be a discontented lot of bees.

" New Jersey " took the right place to feed
his bees, but did wrong to place the food in
an open saucer. Had he filled a tumbler with
the feed, inverted the tumbler in a saucer,
and placed a pin under the edge of the tum-
bler, he would probably have had no diflSculty
with robber bees. Obviously, bees can not
protect an open dish of honey, but bees can
protect a thin crack of honey. Then, too, the
open dish is inviting robbers by throwing out
a sweet odor, but the tumbler furnishes prac-
tically no odor.

If the observatory hive is tight at the bot-
tom it is well to pour half a cup of syrup
right into the hive when the bees are urgently
in need of feed; if robbers get in, expose the
hive to light and the confused robbers will
not be able to find the entrance before they
find death.

Yes, " New Jersey, " you can winter bees in
observatory hives, if you follow the right
method. I wintered one winter before last,
two last winter, and am wintering two this
winter. They winter just as well as one
could ask. I expect my earliest swarms from
those hives next spring. Allen Latham.

New London Co., Conn.

BEES FOR SALE

I wish to sell 40 colonies of Bees. They
are the Italian Strain, in a good, strong con-
dition, and are wintering good. Reasons ifor
selling: No time to take care of them. Will
sell all, or 5 or 10 colonies. Inquire of

F. M. SCHEDER.

7A4t PRESTON, IOWA.

Position by young man
to care for Bees. Best
of references given.
North preferred.
7Alt C.'A.^OR TH, Falmouth, Ind.

iSSiSSS TREES

i£UUvarletlea.Al8o6rapeii,8inaU FralUetcBeet root-
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for
lOc Desc. price list tree. Lewl»K«es«h, Fredonla, M. Y*

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
strnctible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

IIL' ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low Jn price. Fully guaranteed. II a Sand

Send for free cataIot;ue. Ij fg^

BiNU MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDIIMI. FniCihloc'

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE

50 lbs. or over, at 5 cents per pound. Address,
5A9t JOSbPH 5H AW, Strong City, Kans.

^ PROGRESS^

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best
all-around 50-ceut monthly bee-journal
in America. On trial 3 months for this
ad. with 10 cents. Clubbed with this pub-
lication both for one year for $1.25; or
send us 25 cents for a 3 months^ trial and
your name and address on a 2-line rub-
ber stamp; self-inking pad, 25c extra.
Or send $1.00 and get The Rural Bee-
Keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents get lib-
eral terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells tbem at reasonable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
W. H. PUTNAM.
Dept. so-C. River Palls. Wis.

lAtf

Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

-FOK, "2-OXJK.-

^: BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES 9

15 . SKNn TO THH y

-SEND TO THB-

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders tlUJan. 1,1905.

lA13t

FOR^ALE.

200 Rabt)eted L. Hives, 8-frame, lJ.<-story,
new, in flat, in 10 lots, 95c each ; 100 lO-frame,
$1.10 each. 89,000 No. 1 Polished Sections,
$3.75 per M. 1000 pounds White Extracted
Honey in 60-lb. cans, Ty^c.

W. D. $OPER,>«t 3. Jackson, Mich.

7Dtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

56G-K66Der8' SoDDlles.

Send for Catalog.

Leahu WfQ. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Journal.

High in Quality
Low in Price

Fruitful Trees

MiUionB of Fruit and Forest Trees, Apples, Peaches.
Cherries, Grapea and Strawberries, R. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at epeclal prices. Frelgrht pre-
paid on tiO orders. Guaranteed to reach you fresh
and brigrbt. Don't miss our free catalogue.

GAG£ COVNTY MURSKRIKS
Boz 646 Beatrice, Neb.

LICE SAP LIFE

Tliufi huw they live and thrive.
You caD't have healthy, profitable
fowls or atock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vemiin and
makes sittinir hens comfortable.
Sample lOc; 100 oz., ffl.OO by express.
O. K. 8T<>CK FOOD CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres,
406 Monon Bldg.. Cfatcaffo, IlL

Feb. 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

127

B66SUPPII6S

Guaranteed Superioritu !

L0W6S^PrlC6S I B

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The American Bee Keeper

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO..

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

flease mention Bee Journal -wnen -writlnp,
60 SJua.C XZ <n 9 mojj asBi pay J;

Otisvu-le, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everythingf in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enonph for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOS 1905 HOW ON BiKD.
FEEIGET EITES FBOM CIHCmillTI IBE TEE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS. RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

^^° For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ~"

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-4'8 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, Feb. 8.— The trade In honey is still
below the normal )n volume with prices un-
changed, except that the pressure on the part
of the holders to realize is more urgent. Fancv
white comb honey, 12H®13c; No. 1, I2c; off
grades, 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@7c, ac-
cording to flavor, quality and package; any-
thing off is lower; amber grades, 5X@6>ic.
Beeswax, 30c per pound, if clean and good color.
R. A. Burnett & Co.

Boston, Feb. 8.— Sales of honey still continue
light, principally on account of the extreme
cold weather which we are having. On account
of the large stoclis in hand, prices that we have
quoted are shaded in round lots. Fancv white,
15@16c; A 1, 15c; No. 1, 14c. Extracted, from
6@7c, as to quality. Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, Jan. ''.—The demand for comb
honey still continues light, as most of the re-
tail dealers were stocked up on $2.25 honey be-
fore the holidays, two cars of which were sold
here at that time. We look for a better market
in the near future, and quote: Fancy comb,
24-8ectlon cases, $2.50; No. 1, $2.25. Extracted,
white, per pound, tiia 6Jic; amber, SK@Bc. Bees-
wax, No. 1, 28(a>30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, O., Feb. 7. — Comb honey is now
coming in more freely, and prices if anything
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12@13>^c; single cases, 14c. Ex-
tracted is sold as follows: White clover, in
barrels, 6!^c; in cans, T^@8c; amber, in bar*
rels, S}i®5iic; in cans, disXiic. Beeswax, 27c.
C. H. W. Weber

Philadelphia, Feb. 8.— The market of all
grades of comb honey continues rather weak
and trading light, with a good supply on hand.
We quote: Fancy white, 15@16c; No. 1, 13@14c;
amber, ll(Sil2c. Extracted, white, 7@8c; amber,
6@7c. Beeswax, 2Sc.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblsbr.

Cincinnati, Dec. 30. — Since our last report
was published, the price of extracted honey has
advanced, no doubt acting in sympathy with
the sugar market. We quote amber extracted
in barrels at 6(ai6)ic; white clover, in barrels
and cans, 6M@8Hc. Fancy comb honey, 13@14c.
Beeswax, 2sc. The Fred W. Muth Co.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13®14c; No. 1, 12(S>13c;
mixed, lOw lie; buckwheat, 10(g>llc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6^c; white,
6@oHc. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30(5320. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Jan. 25.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, nH@U}ic; amber,9@llc. Extracted
white, 6@6« cents; light amber, 4K®SMc; am-
ber, 3K@4Xc; dark amber, 3®3)<c. Beeswax,
I good to choice, ;,ght, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Market is quiet and for other than choice
water-white is lacking in firmness. High-grade
honey is in light supply, but there is no scar-
city of amber stock. Three lots of Hawaiian
Island honey, aggregating 523 cases, arrived
the current week.

New York, Feb. 8.— The market is decidedly
dull on comb honey and very little moving,
with plentiful supply. We quote: Fancy white
comb, 14c; No. 1, 13c; amber, lie; dark, 9@10c.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and prices
remain about the same. Beeswax steady and
in good demand at 29c.

Hildreth ic Sboblkbn.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our custoTiers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPSNG-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES- Ask j" r Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD nANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

^ease iiientlon Bee Journal "wliexi writing

I Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success it you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send /or Descriptive Catalogue.

CHAS.A.CYPHERS

[3926 Hent:\ St.BUFFALO.N.Y.

128

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 16, 1905.

Q

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W

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A
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W
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5

Wisconsin Hive, One and One-JTalf Story, Regular Su%>er,

Arraag^ed for 4%x4}ixiys beeway sectioas.

The above is our regular one and one-half story Wisconsin siyle, including one super or section-case of exactly

the same iaside size and arrangemeut as the No. 1 dovetailed super.

H^'isconsin Hive, One ami One-7/a7f Story, ^%xl% I*laiti i^uper.

Arranged for 45^x4^^x154 plain sections.

The above is onr regular one and one-half story Wisconsin style, including one super or sectlon-case of exactly

the same inside sizi* and arrangement as the No. 2 dovetailed super.

B
E
E

#
K
E
E
P
E
R
S

#

5

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Send

for

88

page

Catalog

Wiscons/n lUvo, One and Oni—Ilnlf Story, JlxUxi^i Plain Super.

Arranged for 4x5x1*8 plain sections. '

The above Is our regular one and ouehalf story Wiscoosio style, including one super or section-case o f exactly
the same inside size and arrangement as the No. 4 dovetailed super.

awcrt caw

Bee Journal

45th Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., FEB. 23, 1905.

No. 8.

184-0

1Q03

Conrtesy Gleanings in Bee Culture.

THE LATE CAPT. J. E. HETHERINGTON.

;^-f)-f)'f)-f)-f)-f)-<f-f)-f)-(f"f)"0'^f)-(f"(f-f)-(f-(f-f)-f)-f)"^^

130

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23. 19('S.

Gorresponflence course in Bee Culture.

Last fall we announced this course and made a special offer to students for early enrollment. We have secured quite
a number of students, but nearly every one of these wants to continue his own bee-keeping- so that we find ourselves with-
out a sufficient number to recommend to parties wanting help in their yards.

We have inquiries now for help from a number of States — California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Pennsylva-
nia, Michigan, and other States. See what one of our students says :

The a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. La Costa, Texas, Jan. 38, 1905.

Dear Sirs : — I am very grateful for the 1905 edition of the " A B C of Bee Culture ". I am highly pleased with your instructions in your
Correspondence Course. It brings out points the amateur could never find by reading bee-books as it gives the essential parts in rotation so to
explain them understandingly. It is like having a teacher or trying to study off-hand. Saving so much time and getting the foundation
started right is half the battle. I hope to be an expert bee-keeper some day. Should I fail I certainly could not blame you. Everything bear-
ing your name is first-class. May you ever prosper and live long to instruct us. With best wishes, Tours truly, W. B. Hesskbw.

Send for our prospectus, or, better still, send us your order with $10.00, for which we will send yon :

Complete Course of 17 Lessons.
Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 Year.
1 A B C of Bee Culture.

We give in addition personal answers to as many questions as the student desires to ask, either on bee culture, loca-
tions, help, honey markets, or, in fact, any subject relating to bee-keeping. We know where many good locations are yet
untouched ; where the good honey markets are ; who is needing help, and hundreds of other things that the bee-keeper
wants to know. We can't tell you these things unless you ask. If you have hesitated to ask us, thinking we could not
well afford to give time to answer your questions, enroll in our Correspondence Course. Never mind if you have been a
bee-keeper for 20 years. If you do not need the lessons, the information we can give you by mail on a variety of topics
will more than pay you. Let us show you one case :

A party became interested in bee-culture a few years ago and set about to build up a large apiary. He succeeded
remarkably well, but paid little or no attention to the honey markets, his time being taken up with other matters. The
third season he produced a very large crop of honey (150,000 pounds) and being unacquainted with the markets, he sent it
for sale to a large city, to a house no more familiar with the honey markets than he. It appears that they sold it at any
price they could get, for he told us later that the information we gave him of another market would have saved him over
a thousand dollars on the one sale. (He hadn't asked us for it, but learning of the situation we wrote him, but too late ;
the sale had been made.) Perhaps the American Bee Journal readers think they would not be benefited. We assure you
there are dozens of ways in which you can be helped.

Here is what one of our customers thinks of our " A B C of Bee Culture ", which is included with the course :

" After looking through the 1905 ' A B C of Bee Culture', just received to-day, I told
Mrs. C. I would not take $25.00 for it if I could not get another copy. — P. F. Conklin,
Elmira, N. T."

The IVew Edition (1»05) "A U C ot Bee Culture'' is $1.30,
postpaid, if ordered alone.

And another customer speaks thus of Gleanings in Bee Culture :

Danville, N. J., Dec. 12, 1904.
Dear Sir ;— You ask if I have found " Gleanings " a good investment, and I can truly say the investment has not only been good, but
very good. Although I do not keep bees for profit at this writing, but hope to at some future time, will say that I am trying to learn all I can'
about the subject, and " Gleanings " adds more ideas to my limited store of knowledge than any other publication I receive? All the depart-
ments treated in this semi-monthly paper are very interesting to me, and I get anxious to see its pages when the date arrives for its appearance.

Yours truly, Ralph P. Fisher.

Don't you think $10.00 is a smali price for wliat we are offering you ?

Gleanings (senti-nionthly, S'i pages) is ^I.OO per year if ordered alone.

THE -A.. I. PIOOT OOL/IP^^A-ilSr"^,

MEDINA, OHIO.

9>eee'&&&&et9«&&&&^'&&^^^^s«^'@&&&ee«9^ee^^^^'&&&*

Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
PubUsbed V¥eekly at 91.00 a Tear by Oeorge yf. York Sc Co., 334 Dearborn St.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,. FEB, 23, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No. 8.

/f

=%

(£bttortal Ticks
anil (Eomments

J

A Capt. Hetherington Memorial Double Number.

That is rather a big heading, but so is this a big number of the
American Bee Journal. It contains some very interesting rtading
matter, not only on the life of Capt. Hetherington, but on a variety
of other subjects as well.

Mr. P. H. Elwood, a life-long, intimate friend of Capt. Hethering-
ton, has written a most excellent memorial article, which, with the
Illustrations used in connection with it, makes it by all odds the best
and fullest sketch yet published of the world's most extensive bee-
keeper and honey-producer.

It was our privilege to meet Capt. Hetherington at the Buffalo
National convention some years ago. We never had a personal
acquaintance with him, but we have always felt that it was extremely
unfortunate that a verbatim report of his address at that meeting was
not taken. If we remember rightly, he told us some very interesting
history, especially touching the early work of the lamented Moses
Quinby and Rev. L. L. Langstroth, in connection with their bee-
keeping.

The brief tributes to Capt. Hetherington, written by others who
knew him, will also be read with interest.

For the use of the engravings showing Capt. Hetherington's first
and last load of bees, as well as the one showing his damaged sword,
and also the one on the first page, we are indebted to Gleanings in
Bee Culture. All the others are new ones, made especially for the
article in this issue of the American Bee Journal.

they had clover; they had bees. Several kinds of clover, several
kinds of bees. They lacked red clover and bumble-bees. Red clover
grew just as well without bumble-beeS as with them ; but all the seed
had to be brought from elsewhere until bumble-bees were present to
fertilize the blossoms.

Newspaper Facts (?) About Bees.

It seems just a bit strange that to have facts about bees correctly
given it is almost an absolute necessity that the one giving the facts
must be one having a speaking acquaintance with the busy little crea-
tures. Wm. E. Curtis, a veteran newspaper correspondent, one of
the ablest in the world, gives this in the Chicago Record-Herald :

" Bees and other insects are very important agents in the fruit and
tlower business. The big yellow and black bumble-bee, as we call it,
is almost essential to the production of fruit and flowers. We could
scarcely get along without him. Almost all flowers and fruits must
be cross-fertilized— that is, pollen must be brought from one to the
other in order to produce, and this work is chiefly done by wild and
tame bees. As an illustration, the bumble-bee is a native of this
country and does not appear in Australia. Down in Australia they
had no clover because they had no bees. The bees not only get a great
deal of honey from the clover blossoms, but they fertilize them in the act
of getting the honey. Hence, as soon as our bees were imported into
Australia and set to work in the fields the clover began to grow an. I
has developed there as well as here or any place else ", said Mi'
Marlatt.

As a matter of fact, orchards would go on just the same if every
bumble-bee were dead; at the time of fruit- bloom bumble-bees are tuo
few in number to make any material difference. "Down in Austral'::
they had no clover because they had no bees". " Error i' the bill "

Candying or Crystal. Izlng of Sugar and Honey.

A neat little pamphlet that seems to be issued by the Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association contains this statement:

" Remember that sugar never candies, it crystallizes, and this fact
alone should be sufficient proof of the purity of any honey that is
candied solid."

Will the correct use of words justify the statement that sugar
never candies? The definition of the verb cared?/ in the dictionary i be-
gins with the words, "To form into crystals of sugar"; and^under
the word ca/tdied, " candied sugar" and " candied honey "^are both
given as examples. Manifestly it will not do, then, to say that sugar
never candies, especially as candy is commonly made of sugar.

But is there not a difference in the appearance of candied honey,
as compared with sugar, that may easily be described? Who can put
in words just what that difference is?

Disposing of the Honey Crop.

Judging from the reports of the various leading markets, and also
from the fact that there seems to be quite a quantity of honey still in
the hands of the producers, the question of disposing of the honey
crop is just about the liveliest subject now before bee-keepers. It
isn't a question of keeping more bees, but how can the one who has
just a few bees sell his crop of honey at even a reasonable price?

We believe that in many cases bee-keepers themselves must be
their own salesmen, at least until some organization decides to do
some combined honey advertising in the daily and other newspaper
press of the country. The dear public needs to be informed of the
great value of honey as a health-giving food, in the same way as it
is told of the various breakfast foods. The demand for honey must
be C)-eato/^i-s?, then there will be scarcely any i trouble to dispose of
all that can be produced, we believe.

This is a live, practical, up-to-date subject. What aboutlit?

Shaken Swarms in Australia.

From the Australasian Bee-Keeper it appears that our antipodal
friends differ from us in their views and practices with regard to
shaking swarms. The editor says:

" There seems to be some variance of jopinion as to what a shaken
swarm is. I have always understood it to be a sufficient number of
bees and a queen taken from a colony by means of shaking them from
the combs, to found another colony."

Chas. U. T. Burke gives his method of 'procedure as follows :

" Prepare a hive of empty combs, or frames of foundation, leaving
room for two frames, one with eggs just hatching, the other with
fresh pollen and honey. Have a youug luying queen on hand. Go to
one of your strongest colonies, shako fully two-thirds of the bees into
a new hive (after finding the queen and placing her aside). Drop
your laying queen among them, sprinkle all very slightly with water
sweetened with honey, place the hive on a fresh stand ; the swarm
will go to work in a few days, and in a week will be bringing in a
surplus of honey. I have never had a failure this way, nor have I
had any swarm out. I always leave the frame of brood with them,

132

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

as it encourages the bees to work well, and the queen to lay almost
immediately. Do not use much smoke, either in artificial increase or
shalfen swarms. With the latter I prefer to use none at all, as it
appears to confuse them, causes balling of the queen, and sometimes
causes the shaken swarm to take flight, and thereby cause much
delay."

Two other correspondents give their method of procedure, and all
agree in putting the swarm with the queen on a new stand, leaving
the brood on the old stand. The difference between that and the com-
mon practice here is somewhat radical. The Australian plan divides
the colony, putting the swarm on a new stand. The American swarm
is left on the old stand. Indeed, it might be said that no swarm is
made ; the brood is merely taken away, with few or no bees. The
Australian swarm, according to Mr. Burke, " will go to work in a few
days, and in a week will be bringing in a surplus of honey "'. The
American swarm will go to work immediately, or, rather, will not
stop storing. The Australian gathering-force is divided ; the Ameri-
can kept together. In a long season may not the divided Australian
force do the more gathering* But may not the Australian mother
colony swarm again in too many cases?

Is There a Bee-Supply "Combine" or "Trust"?

This question was asked of us just recently. Also, we were re-
quested to name those manufacturers and dealers who are not in the
"combine" or "trust".

Not being aware that there is a trust or combine among bee-
supply manufacturers and dealers, of course we couldn't possibly say
who are in it, or not in it.

While it may be true that the same class or grade of goods is
ipriced the same by more than one dealer, it would not necessarily
follow that there is a combination or trust. For instance, a certain
style of honey-extractor may be priced exactly the same in the cata-
logs of several manufacturers and dealers. This might be true, and is
true in at least one case, as a certain kind of extractor is made only by
one firm and several others handle the same extractor. So, of course,
the price on it would be the same in the catalogs of all the firms hand-
ling it-

To readers of the American Bee Journal we would suggest send-
ing for the catalogs of all the best firms advertising in it, and then
order from the ones that you believe will give you the best and most
satisfactory goods for your money. Of course, you might consider
distance, as that would likely influence freight-rates a little.

A good thing to remember is this: Sometimes the cheapest
goods at the start are the dearest in the end.

You pays your money and you takes your choice. So runs an old

sayi°S-

iriiscellaneous
Hetps <- 3 terns

=%

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Mr. F. H. Drexel. one of the leading bee-keepers of western
Colorado, called on us a few days ago. His young son was with him.
They were on their return journey from Maryland, where they visited
Mr. D's old home, which he left some 13 years ago for the great alfalfa
honey-fields of Colorado. Mr. Drexel, like some other bee-keepers in
hat State, produces honey by the oar-load.

To Missouri Bee-Keepers.— We have received the following
letter from R. A. Holekamp, of St. Louis Co., Mo., with the urgent
request that it be published at once, so that Missouri bee-keepers can
act upon it in time to accomplish the desired object:

The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association at its convention
last September, passed resolutions to introduce to the State legislature
at its present session a Bill for the enactment of a foul brood law and
the appointment of an inspector of apiaries.

In both branches of the legislature now in session at Jefferson
City, has been introduced a Bill for the appointment by tne Missouri
State Board of Agriculture of a State inspector of apiaries to aid and
assist in the development and protection of the honey industry, and
especially for the eradication of an infectious disease known as foul

The Bill has been drawn up with care, and will, when passed, be a
great help to the honey-producers of Missouri. So it is of importance
that every bee-keeper in this State, who has the welfare of the honey
industry at heart, write to the Representative from bis county, and

Senator from his district, or any other member of our legislature he
may be acquainted with, at once, urging him to work and vote for the
passage of this Bill.

If these letters come in at Jefferson City in large numbers, they
will show that the bee-keepers want this Bill passed, and it will also
show that the bee-keeping industry of Missouri is of some importance.

There are in Missouri, according to the United States Census of
1900, 41,145 bee-farms, with 205,110 colonies of bees. It produced in
the year 1903 over 6,000,000 pounds of honey, which shows that Mis-
souri is one of the great honey-producing States of the Union.

It is necessary that the bee-keepers who will assist in getting the
Bill passed shall write the letters to the members of our legislature
without delay, as the hearing of the committee on the Bill will be be-
fore may days.

Let all progressive bee-keepers unite their efforts and work for
the passage of this Bill, and thus get the assistance of our State Board
of Agriculture in developing the bee-keeping industry, and protecting
our apiaries against infectious diseases which are now spreading over
the State. Robt. A. Holekamp,

Assistant Secretary Missouri State Bee-Keepers'' Association.

The Humming of the Bees.

BY EARRY LATHROP.

There's a deal o' solid comfort —
Call it nonsense if you please —

In that pleasant homelike music —
Just the humming of the bees.

Though we sport in winter weather

With the cold and with the snow ;
Though we sit by cosy firesides

Where the cheerful embers glow.
While we read our books and journals.

Lay our plans and take our ease.
Still we long to hear the music

Of the humming of the bees.

When the fragrant apple-blossoms

Hang in clusters pink and white;
When the plum-trees by the roadside

Almost dazzle with their light ;
When the gentle summer breezes

Murmur soft among the trees —
It is then we hear the music

Of the humming of the bees.

Crawford Co.

Wis.

H. K. Beecham, of Grand Traverse Co., Mich., called on us last
week. He has been a bee-keeper since 18"9, and has taken this Jour-
nal for the same length of time. He put 64 colonies of bees into win-
ter quarters last fall, from which he harvested about 5000 pounds of
honey, mostly extracted. Mr. B. has no trouble to dispose of all his
crop either in his home market or near home.

Our Advertisers, as a class, we believe can not be excelled for
reliability and square dealing. We invite our readers to patronize
them as generously as are your needs. Please do not fail to mention
having seen their advertisements in the American Bee Journal when
writing to any of our advertisers. It will help both them and us, and
so both they and we will greatly appreciate such mention.

To Illinois Bee-Keepers. — Secretary Stone, of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association, desires that at least our Illinois sub-
scribers shall read the following :

The secretary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association gets
numerous letters (so many in fact that he can not give them personal
answers) like these:

"I keep only a few bees, and it would not pay me to belong to
the State and National Associations."

"What are the benefits to be derived from being a member of
your Association?"

" I have only a few bees, and I can find a home market for all my
honey ; there is no foul brood in my part of the State, and I do not
need to advertise, so what benefit would I get from belonging to the
State and National Associations?"

As secretary of the State Association, and a member of the execu-
tive committee, I just want to put a few questions to the men who
are the writers of such letters as are quoted above.

Have you ever taken a thought of what the Illinois State Associa-
tion has been trying to do from year to year ever since its organiza-
tion, to make it profitable for you to keep your " few colonies " of
bees? and to keep out all diseases of bees, that it may be made ^ossi'fife
for you to keep them ?

Have you ever thought of our efforts, combined with those of the
National and the bee-papers, to put down the adulterators of honey
that have flooded the market, and thus make it possible for you to sell
your honey without a suspicion of its being adulterated?
■ Do you know that we have secured to the State Association a foul
brood law the past two years, and have strong promise of one for the

Feb. 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

133

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next two years, whereby you can be Instructed (free"ofrcost) as' to
treatment of your bees in case of foul brood? r^ q^^i

Do you know that a membership in the National protects you;(iD
the right) from a neighbor who might through envy or otherwise,
declare your bees a nuisance? And no charges to you but yourjmem-
bership fee and one-half the costs. tzz. i !

Have you ever thought of the lives of our good imen, that are
being spent to publish the bee-papers just in the way that wilMn-
struct us most? And have you ever begrudged the little dollar.'a year
you gave them for their papers? cr~l C CZl

We could ply many more questions on these lines, but we do not
believe bee-keepers as a class, if they knew it, would hold back the
simple fee of $1.00 that gives them membership in both the Associa-
tions named, and in that way support the institutions that help to
make their interests successful. CZ. :zr-

Our next Annual Report (the 4th) of about 200 pages, will be out
in several weeks, and the larger membership we can show in thatUhe
better our prospect, when we go before the Legislature, of a successful
appeal being made.

With all kindness to my brother bee-keepers,

I am, sincerely yours, Jas. A. Stone, Sec.

-V Contrtbuteb -f
Special (XvticUs

=\

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Comb Honey and Separators— Foul Brood,

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

I was much interested in the answers to inquiries in the
last American Bee Journal. In the production of honey I
always took most delight in working for the comb. It always
seemed to me that nothing was more beautiful than a perfect
specimen of clear white comb-honey. This is specially true
when the combs are uniform, smooth and well-filled. I
have succeeded many times in securing whole supers where
every section was almost perfect, and this without the use
of separators at all. I think this usually comes when the
colonies are very strong and the harvest is bountiful. The
bees seem to rush the honey in to the hive, and if sections
are put in either with starters or full sheets of foundation
these are carried on together and uneven combs are rarely
produced.

I often found, however, quite a different state of things.
Some of the combs would be thicker, and there would be
a general lack of uniformity. Indeed, this unevenness was so
great, or frequent, that in my own experience I decided that
it was never wise to strive to get along without the separa-
tors. I did not find it mattered much whether these were of
wood or tin. While this was true in my own experience,
I have known some bee-keepers who are astonishingly suc-
cessful in securing these almost perfect sections without ex-
ception, yet these persons never used separators at all. Thus
I was led to say that it was possible to get good sections
without separators, but that I found it better to use them.
I was much interested to find how many there were who, like
myself, found they could not produce satisfactory results
without the use of these valuable aids in comb-honey produc-
tion.

Indeed, I have always considered that the securing of a
fine crop of excellent comb-honey, each season, was the best
test of skill and proficiency in the art of bee-keeping. Almost
anyone can secure extracted honey, and, for the novice, or
the one who does not study to attain the best in the art, it is
perhaps always wisest to work for extracted honey. The ad-
vantages in working for comb honey are: A much more
beautiful product — and there is much joy in producing the
beautiful; the producing of that which brings a much higher
price in the market; and the fact of knowing that we have
reached the highest skill of the art. The two handicaps in
comb-honey production — I might say three — are, frequent
failure, always securing a much less quantity, and the fact that
it is much more difficult to ship comb honey.

The California bee-keeper finds this last point one that
materially concerns him. He must ship car-loads of his
honey for thousands of miles. In ca.^e he produces extracted
honey, he can do this with no fear of loss or disappointment
This alone will always make extracted honey a favorite with
the apiarists on the Pacific Coast. The difficulties in the way
and the invariably lessened production makes it imperative
that we secure at least double for comb honey that which
we might expect for extracted, the quality being the same in
each case.

The requisite as I take it, to the best success in the

134

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 190S.

comb-honey production is to have our colonies very strong
at the dawn of the season. This may, and often will, require
stimulated feeding. I would always have the supers in place
at the very commencement of the honey-flow. It is an ad-
vantage also if the swarming is past for that season. In case

PROF. A. J. COOK.

the latter is not true, we can attain the same results by
working for very strong colonies. If necessary, we can
unite to accomplish this.

I do not think that any one who works for comb honey
can afford to dispense with foundation. I always reach the
best success with thin foundation, and while I often use full
sheets, I do not find that this is necessary. Neither did I
ever find very great advantage in using starters both above
and below, in the section.

In case the apiarist produces extracted honey exclusively,
there is little to be said except, of course, it is always desira-
ble to keep one's colonies strong and in the very best thrift.
I do think, however, that it is generally best not to extract
until the bees commence to cap the honey. No one can ever
afford to put thin or unripe honey on the market. Such honey
is very apt to ferment. It always lacks body, and is always
deficient in flavor. It is true, however, that I have produced
very excellent extracted honey, which I removed from the
combs before it was ripened. But in this case, it was kept
for a long time in a warm room, in rather shallow vessels,
and thus evaporation continued even after the honey was
taken from the comb. The evils arising from marketing un-
ripe honey are so great that no one can ever afford to be
guilty of such misdoing.

FOUL-BROOD LAW IN CALIFORNIA.

We are having quite a controversy in two or three coun-
ties of California over the matter of bee-inspectors enforcing
the foul-brood law. We probably have as excellent a law
as any State in the Union. This law makes it the duty of the
Supervisors, upon the receipt of a petition of a certain num-
ber of bee-keepers, to appoint a foul-brood inspector, whose
duty it shall be thoroughly to inspect all the apiaries of his
county, and in case foul brood is present to eradicate it. The
inspector is well paid, and, as the supervisors have no object
to do other than the best for their constituents, competent
men have usually been secured.

The difficulty in the matter comes from the fact of our
"off years" in this State. The past season there was no
honey gathered at all in most localities. Men who are not
very well informed regarding foul brood are loth to pay for
treatment when they see no chance for gain ahead. The in-
spector, too, knows how ready bees are to rob from each
Other when no honey is being gathered ; knows also how dan-

gerous it is to work with bees at such times, from the fact
that robbing is so likely to be induced, and so is quite likely to
decide that he will do nothing at all ; and he finds the most
of his bee-keeping friends are quite willing that he should
desist from treatment. We should remember, however, at
such times that the possibility — nay, probability — of robbing
brings great danger into any community where there is any
foul brood at all in existence.

First, the enforced idleness of the bees makes them ever
ready to plunder the other and weaker colonies. The colonies
infested with foul brood are almost certain to be weak, and
thus we have every condition for the rapid spread of this
serious malady. It seems to me it is much the wiser course
to eradicate the disease entirely during this let up of the
honey-flow. Yet it is certainly true that the foul-brood in-
spectoi must exercise very great caution or he will get the
bees to robbing, and surely make a bad matter worse. It
is, however, perfectly easy and practicable, by spreading a
canvas beneath the hive, and surrounding the latter by a
good bee-tent, to make all necessary examination with no
trouble from bee-stings, no danger of robbing, and no scat-
tering which would otherwise induce robbing and very likely
scatter the germs of the fell disease which it is the purpose
to destroy. Just two things are necessary: A wise, com-
petent inspector, and most careful manipulation.

Los Angeles Co., Calif.

Separators Nailed to Wide Frames.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

A correspondent wishes me to give my views on wide
frames with separators nailed to them, and closes his letter
in these words :

"Is this not as good as anything I can have? And can-
not the separators be cleaned of propolis as easily as can
wooden separators, even the new fences, as they are
called? Please tell us of these matters through the American
Bee Journal."

I have used wide frames with separators nailed to them
for the past thirty years, and so far I see no reason for
changing my surplus arrangement. During this time I have
been trying everything that has been advocated as better
than the above ; but after a careful testing of each and all,
I have every time come to the conclusion that, for me, noth-
ing is as good as tin separators nailed to wide frames. And,

G. M. DOOWTTLE.

as my honey has always brought as much as, or a cent or two
more a pound than, the biggest market quotations, I see no
reason why I could secure better prices were I to change
my mode of securing surplus.

After a careful experimenting all along tlirough these years,

Feb. 23, 190S.

THE AMERICA ; BEE JOURNAL.

135

I am satisfied that the claim that tin separators have a tendency
to less work in the sections, and a decreased yield of section
honey, is unfoimded. I have used sections without separators
and separators of five-sixteenths mesh wire-cloth, so that the
cluster of bees would be broken up as little as possible, where
separators were used, and at the end of many careful experi-
ments I failed to see any greater production of section honey
with either of these, than was obtained with the tin separa-
tors. I know that the theory put forth in favor of an un-
broken cluster seems reasonable, and from such theory it
would appear that a less yield should be the result where
separators were used, but the cold facts with me say that all
such reasoning is fallacious.

Then, I use wide frames on account of the great advan-
tage they have in that the bees do not have access to the
outside of the sections at any point, except the edges of
the horizontal pieces above and below the separators, and here
there is very little stain or bee-glue used. Hence, when
the sections are filled and finished, they are nearly as new and
perfect as they were when put on the hive, requiring very
little, and often not any, scraping to clean them of propolis or
bee-glue, as it is often called by many apiarists. This is no
small item, as all of our older bee-keepers know, who have
spent days, if not weeks, in cleaning sections so they would
be in presentable shape for market.

From the honey obtained from basswood, the sections
come out of these wide frames almost as clean in all parts
as they were when put on the hive ; and no large amount
of work is required where the honey is from buckwheat, at
which time there is more propolis carried in and daubed
about the hive than at any other time of the year.

That this cleaning of sections is no small item will be
seen from the many section-cleaners which were invented and
advertised a few years ago, many of which are still in use.
These find no place with the apiarist who uses properly-con-
structed wide frames. Yes, more : All the expense required
in constructing one of these section-cleaners, or in buying
one, is entirely saved by using such wide frames.

More, still : All the time required in using them can be
taken for the improvement of the mind in reading, etc. :
going to some summer resort and hearing some of the best
talent in the world ; or, if nothing else seems of more import-
ance, the time saved can be used to go camping or fishing, if
one is so inclined ; and with me, either or all of these seem
to meet my requirements better than spending days and weeks
in cleaning sections with a section-cleaner or without one.

As to inventing section-cleaners, I have no discouraging
word to saj', for in the inventing of anything the mind is im-
proved, and a certain joy comes, which is often greater than
any that can be experienced in going fishing, etc. I would
not discourage inventive genius in any way, for. when used
aright, it is not only a help to the world through the inven-
tion, but a help to the world also by making the inventor
a greater man or woman, socially and intellectually.

As to the ease of cleaning separators, I am not much
interested where tin is used ; for, to my knowledge, I have
cleaned mine only once, and many of them have been in use
for from 25 to 30 years. In using the wood separators in
conducting my experiments, I found that the bees daubed
them to a much greater extent than they did the tin ones.
But this was not my reason for discarding them, but was
because they did not answer their purpose as well, when ured
in connection with wide frames, as did the tin. It is possi-
ble that if I were to live in some of the localities of the South
and West, I might find reasons that would change my views
from the above; but for all sections where white clover, bass-
wood and buckwheat are the chief sources of honey, I firmly
believe that there is nothing better to use in securing our
section honey than wide frames with tin separators.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

#

Cellar-Wintering of Bees and Its Difficulties.

BY F. GREINER.

In this locality of New York State, wintering bees i'\
the cellar gives us the best results with the least worrv.
We learned a dear lesson last winter, viz.: It is saier
to place bees in their winter quarters early than defer it
till December. Even though that nestor, Rev. Dzier^: n,
hao said: "Do not worry about the bees even should it
freeze and snow before you put the bees in." Abe it
Christmas, he thought, was a good time. The difFeren e

in the climate may have something to do with it; per-
haps if Dzierzon had such winters to contend with as we
here, he might have given other advice.

If I am informed right, the German beekeepers have
so far had a mild winter up to Christmas, almost no freez-
ing weather. With such weather it would not matter so
much whether the bees were cellared a month later than
we practice. The reason why I deem it wise to put in
our bees early and before freezing weather is, hives and
combs are dry; hives are not frozen down to the hive-
stands and may be carried in without disturbing the bees
very much. Bees need no cleansing flight during November;
they are even loth to improve an opportunity in December,
and thus I can see no reason for keeping them outdoors at a
risk. Imagine the state of affairs when taking in hives that
are icy, the combs freezing cold. You bring them to the
cellar into a warmer and humid atmosphere. What will
be the effect? The hive and combs would soon be dripping
with water, a condition to be avoided by all means. We
might wait for a warm spell before we carry the hives in;
but supposing that spell does not come, as was the case
last winter; what then?

It is quite evident for this climate the best policy is to

F. GREINER.

get the bees in early. Some of our best bee-masters advise
not to take all the colonies out at once and put them on
hive-stands sufficiently far apart to prevent any mixing up—
in other words, scatter them about over the yard. I have
never noticed serious results to follow from this mixing up.
Particularly with an out-yard far away, this method is not
practicable, and I do not hesitate to put the whole bunch out
in one night, about April 15. When the bees warm up in
the morning, of course, everything that has legs and wings
is out. I always try to be on hand as soon as the bees have
become quieted down, and close up the entrances to about
one inch in width. On a day following— preferably when it
is real cool— I clean the bottom-boards or exchange the
filthy ones for clean ones. The majority of bottom-boards
are usually clean enough.

Sometimes it occurs that after putting the bees out on
the summer-stands we have a heavy fall of snow, with bright,
sunshiny weather to follow. This is unfortunate, for if bees
come out under such conditions many will be lost. They
become dazed and fly right into the snow where they will
die. Something will have to be done at once to keep the
bees in the hive as long as is safe without worrying them.
Having a great many colonies to see to, it would be im-
practicable to cover up the snow with sacking, canvas, straw,
etc., as may be done in case of a house-apiary, or where but
few colonies are kept. The bee-keepers in Germany are sure
to do something of that sort, but with us this is out of the
question. The best we can do is to bank up our hives with
the snow and keep the bees thus confined till the snow has

136

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

become heavy and wet. In this condition it is not the death-
trap that it is when light and dry. A strong and vigorous
bee can well rise from heavy snow.

In addition to banking up the hives one might sprinkle
ashes, dust, sawdust, or something similar, on top of the
snow around the hives to modify its glariness. It is the
strong white light from the new snow that blinds the bees;

View of Mr. Greiner's Apiary in April, 1904.

subdued as spoken of, it does not prove so detrimental.

The accompanying picture shows the condition of my
bees as they were April 21, 1904, myself in the act of kicking
the snow against the hives. I hope such a time will not
occur again this year; to mention it may prove a help to
someone — ^may save some faithful bees.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

VTiv. pasty's
dftertl^ougl^ts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

J

The nationai, a beneficent association.

Among Manager France's recommendations I think
the most valuable to be this one: "Keep together; com-
promise; keep out of court." An association that should
encourage members to "law it" when they might abstain
(and would if they were not members) would be sadly
something else than a beneficent association. .Page 9.

ENCOURAGING NATURE STUDY.

How nice that the educational authorities of a great
state like Wisconsin should encourage young people — and
people not so young — in nature study! How nice that
they should help inquiring ignorance by naming books to
be read! How nice in them to make bees a separate de-
partment of nature! Then, after getting our feelings up
thus high, what pathos is this that we wind up in, what
tumble from the stars into the mud? No mention of the
great and scholarly works of Cowan and Cheshire, Lang-
stroth and the Manual, and ABC, all omitted, and a long
list of half-chaffs and out-of-dates named. Verily this is a
queer world. Still I suppose the most important thing for
u- to remember is that it is worse than useless for us to
subject that official to sarcasm and contemptuous remarks.
i\emesis will overtake him; and sometime a more reason-
able list will appear. Page 12.

NEW REMEDIES FOR BEE STINGS.

We're always ready to hear of a new remedy for stings
(as long as the different substances on earth hold out);
but it rather jarred us to have a doctor propose to dope
us three hours before we get stung. As the editorial
suggests, perhaps it's all right for amateurs not yet in-
ured. Page 19.

TO SEPARATOR OR NOT TO SEPARATOR?

Another example of how the world moves, we have in
Question 20. We used to have lots of lively fighting in
behalf of separators — sheer waste of good cash-— mark of
a green operator. Now only 2 out of 26 unqualifiedly ad-
vise doing without them — yet one of that forlorn two
hints that people that need them are green. Some of
the replies are unusally illustrative. Comrade Pettit says:
"Some of us used to do it, but the standard is higher
now." Also notable is comrade Stone's experience at the
Chicago World's Fair. Only a little over 600 pounds out
of 2,300 would case without rubbing. Yet I ween some of
the combatants of 30 years ago would have described that
identical 2,300 pound lot as all right except just a few
combs. Page 20,

THE HIVE QUESTION AND SUGGESTIONS.

I licked my lips with anticipation over that new and
best hive of Allen Latham's — and, lo, a "long idea" hive
adapted to chunk honey only! Still, if you want to post
a small out-apiary in June, and never look at it again till
at your convenience you take it away in the fall — just
getting some honey that would otherwise be lost — and
getting it very, cheaply so far as expenditure of time is
concerned — quite likely there is something in the idea.
And it's a scheme a shade different from the ordinary
out-yard idea. Worth thinking of in bed some night.
Page 21.

"red clover" BEES AND QUEENS.

Thanks to C. P. Dadant for giving the "red clover"
bees and queens a mild cuifing up all 'round. If we really
had such a strain of bees it would be all right to recog-
nize them — but then the size of that "if!" And a good
laugh over that sample of red clover honey that tasted
strongly of basswood will do us no harm. Page 22.

EXPERIMENTING IN APICULTURE.

Prof. Scholl is some like behemoth who trusted that
he could draw Jordan into his mouth, if he thinks he can
do Uncle Sam's census work over after him. But all
right— we need just such enterprising spirits to tackle just
such big jobs. I believe we have heard before that Texas
was at the lead in honey production — that is, years when
the California season was bad and her own good. Getting
on a semi-desert cattle-range 40 miles from a railroad sta-
tion for the sake of a good and vacant bee-range, is
bidding quite high for it, indeed. Even at that high
price it's possible that some determined comrades will
bid. Page 25.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a i6-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Pood ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for Si. 25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for ^.00 ;
or 1000 for S7.S0. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the ofBce of the American Bee Journal.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the oflBce of. the
American Bee Journal.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook ;
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
It. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

Why Not send in some new subscriptions'for the]Amer-
an Bee Journal ? Samples free for the asking.

Feb. 23, 1905.

THE AMERIC;*N BEE JOURNAL.

137

I napt J. F. HRtliRrlnntnn: m-umr. \mmim soldier I

Written by P. H. ELWOOD, of New York.

THE subject of this sketch would have gained distinction
in any occupation, for he was endowed by Nature with
boundless energy and indomitable will-power, coupled
with organizing and executive abilities such as would have
quickly placed him at the head in any large undertaking.
His power of comprehending the whole was no less remark-
able than his ability to grasp at the same time the minute
details of an extensive business. Had he at maturity en-
gaged in some extensive industrial operation, such as rail-
road construction, mining, or manufacturing, undoubtedly
success would quickly have been his with its attendant
wealth ; but long before this, while yet in his teens, circum-
stances and inclination led him into a new and untrodden
field — that of making bee-culture a specialty — a separate
and successful branch of agriculture.

At this early date there were no bee-books nor bee-
papers ; no movable-comb hives, no honey extractors, no
bee-smokers, no comb foundation — nothing in fact to war-
rant the average bee-keeper to believe that bee-culture could
be made a separate and independent business. Yet Capt.
Hetherington believed it could be done, and made it a spe-
cialty from the beginning, being first, I think, to depend
entirely upon the sale of honey and wax for his livelihood,
and the maintenance and upbuilding of the business.

His intimate friend and co-laborer, Moses Quinby,
always regarded him as the ablest exponent of modern bee-
culture, and as pre-eminently the one to demonstrate to the
world that bee-keeping as a business could be made as uni-
formly successful as any other branch of agriculture. How
well he has done this a faithful history of his life should
recite, but no one can tell of the time and energy, and
money, spent in reaching this result, nor can any one ever
fully know of the discouragements that befell him before
his efforts were crowned with success.

John Edwin Hetherington was born in Cherry Valley,
N. Y., Jan. 7, 1840, and died in the same place Dec. 31, 1903.
He came of a good ancestry, his father being an educated
English gentleman ; his mother a member of the old Judd
family of Connecticut. The father dying when the young-
est of the three brothers was less than a year old. Master
John less than three, the entire care and training of the
three children fell upon the mother, and the highest tribute
we can pay her is to point to the characters developed in
her sons. All three were in the military service during the
war for the preservation of the Union, and they came out
as they went in, with spotless reputations and characters,
and abstainers from the use of tobacco and strong drink —
gentlemen in thought, word, and deed.

Capt. Hetherington bought his first colony of bees when
12 years old, with money earned for that purpose. The
thorough-going business methods of the mature bee-keeper

Capt. Hetherlngton's First Load of Bees.

were foreshadowed in the care taken in bringing home thi,
first colony. The old family horse is put before the larj.' ■
spring wagon, and is driven by a member of the family.
For the additional comfort and security of the colony u:

bees, the hive is suspended in a sheet, the ends of which are
tied over a springing pole, while the ends of the pole rest
on the shoulders of the two older brothers, who sit facing
each other, as shown in the engraving. This extra care
seemed necessary for the colony that was destined to con-
tribute so much toward bringing apiculture from the dark-

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Capt. Hetherington's Home, with Last Load
of 32 Colonies of Bees.

ness of superstition into the full light of modern science.
In contrast to this is given a picture of one of the later loads
of 32 colonies. On one side is seen the family residence,
while on the other side is the first honey-house and shop,
with the barn in the rear. At the back of the well-kept
lawn are a couple of wintering-cellars, one of which is
shown in another engraving. The bee-yards, spring and
fall, are near the cellars, and cover acres of ground. For
some years back no bees have been kept at home during the
summer months, thus avoiding all annoyances to neighbors.

The boy bee-keeper had good success, and within five
years he had marketed honey by the ton, and had secured
an average of nearly 60 pounds of honey in glass boxes
from his entire apiary. He was a close observer and quick
to adopt improvements. Before he had been in the business
a half-dozen years he had perfected a double-walled hive
with a chamber of confined air between, and had applied
for a patent on the same. On thorough trial he discovered
that while warmer for a while this double-wall prevented
the sun from drying out the moisture, and the hive soon be-
came damp and consequently cold. He made 600 of these,
and mechanically they were probably as perfect as hives
can be made. Not finding the double-wall satisfactory he
next put his bees into straw hives, the last of which were
made to take the Quinby size of the Langstroth frame.
This was about the time of the commencement of the Civil
War. The box straw-hives were excellent for winter and
spring, and better suited to the requirements of the bees at
other times than the hives previously used. They were not
of the usual straw-hive shape, but had flat tops as shovn in
the picture, and were well adapted to boxing. They cost
nearly $2.00 apiece, and at one time he had about 1400 of
them.

With the immovable-comb straw-hive he adopted a sys-
tem of artificial swarming by driving that was so success-
ful that often he had not a single natural swarm from an
entire apiary.

Previous to this he had in use swarm-catchers for issu-
ing swarms. These were placed before the old colonies and
held the clustered swarms until the apiarist could get
around to hive them.

After a trial of the movable frame the Captain found
he could not do without it, but in his trial he made the im-
portant discovery that the colonies in the straw-hives with

138

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23. 19f5.

the Lanpstroth frames did not winter or build up in the
spring: nearly so well as did the others whose combs were
built against the sides of the hives, leaving no spaces at
the ends of the combs. He therefore adopted the newly-
invented Quinby hive, after materially assisting in perfect-
ing the closed-end frames of the same. And after an ex-
perience of many years with both open and closed-end
frames, he repeatedly assured me that he decidedly pre-
ferred the Quinby frame to anything else.

A part of his Virginia bees were put in the Van Deusen
metal-cornered self-spacing frames, but those he cared for
himself were kept in his own frames.

No new invention ever entered the apicultural world
but that Capt. Hetherington noted it, and, if valuable, he
adopted it. The honey-extractor was his as soon as it
crossed the Ocean, and he used it ever after, believing it to
be one of the greatest inventions and one of the most useful
articles in the apiary.

He very hopefully followed up the invention of comb
foundation from the beginning, and experimented with it
four or five years after the date of Wagner's patent, obtain-
ing his samples from a Mr. Steel, of New Jersey. The in-
vention came from Germany, as perhaps did also the sam-
ples. It was only a midrib without any attempt at cell-
walls, and was a failure, but lacked only Yankee ingenuity
to make it a success by giving it side-walls. He was quite
enthusiastic at the time of receiving the first handsome

Two of Capt. Hetherington's original straw-hives over 40 years old.

Wall about 3 inches thick. One at the right is the Langstroth

movable-comb, while the other has no frames.

sample from the Weiss machine, but, alas 1 he did not then
know that it was made of paraffin, nor did he at first ob-
serve that the cells were intermediate in size between
worker and drone. The queen was slow to use this size cell
except when the foundation was convex or stretched so that
the cells were enlarged, when she very freely deposited
drone-eggs in them. Noticing this fact, he saw the neces-
sity of making and keeping the cells of proper size. To
prevent sagging he tried cloth, paper and wood centers, all
of which were objectionable.

Finally, in 1876, he incorporated fine wires into the wax
sheet from which the foundation was made, and met with
complete success. Several years before this Mr. Quinby
and himself had made a complete comb of very thin tin
coated with wax. This was tested in midwinter, Capt.
Hetherington bringing bees into a warm room for the pur-
pose, and although the cell-bottoms were flat, it was freely
used for rearing brood and storing honey.

In the manufacture of comb foundation it was found
that impressing the rhomboidal bases upon the wax sheet
would lay bare the wires unless a wasteful quantity of wax
was used. To avoid this he left the cell-bottom flat as in
the tin comb, thus also economizing in wax and simplifying
its manufacture.

Previous to the invention of flat-bottomed foundation
he had persistently refused to use natural-base foundation
in his honey-boxes, as he was unable to make or buy any
that would not leave an objectionable fishbone in the honey,
and he did not wish to sell to others what he would not use
on his own table, or what would injure the high reputation

his honey had gained. With flat-bottomed foundation 12 to-
14 feet to the pound, he was able to produce comb honey
that, on the average, had a more delicate center than that
built wholly by the bees.

In 1888, Mr. Cowan, president of the British Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, and the most illustrious scientific exponent
of bee-culture in Great Britain, searched in vain for foun-
dation or fishbone in Capt. Hetherington's honey. The
next day he visited a neighboring bee-keeper and found the
objectionable hard center in his honey, although he had
used no thicker natural-base foundation than 10j< feet to
the pound. Certain it is, that until the advent of the so-
called " new process " Weed foundation, the flat-bottomed
had no rival in the production of fancy comb honey. Capt.
Hetherington's patent covers all kinds of wire supports for
foundation, whether imbedded in the foundation as made
or consisting of supporting wires in wired frames to which
the foundation is later attached in various ways, and he
should be recognized by the bee-keeping fraternity as the
inventor of all wire-supported foundation. This is one of
the greatest inventions of modern apiculture. Without it
we could hardly use comb foundation in the brood-chamber,
or newly-built comb in the extractor. And the flat-bot-
tom wired foundation as used by Capt. Hetherington is prob-
ably also the cheapest way in which to use such supports.
It substitutes machine- work, which is cheap, for hand-work
which is costly and scarce. It saves wax, because being
better supported it can be made lighter. It saves-
brood, since by the usual method of attachment there are
hundreds of cells in every hive crossed by bare wires, and
other hundreds or thousands of cells so stretched because of
insufficient support that the queen does not use them for
brood-rearing. The loss yearly from this cause may
amount to enough to buy wired foundation. Capt. Hether-
ington was a skilled mechanic, and until within a few years
ago made all of his own supplies, including hives, sections,
packing-cases, honey-extractors, box-making machines,
etc. Even the three dozen whefslbarrows used in his out-
yards were made by himself. The material was usually
prepared ready to put together at a mill five miles from
home. To this mill he went daily with his men, arriving at
daybreak and returning after dark. This, kept up for
weeks in the cold winter weather, was indeed a strenuous
life, and told heavily on a constitution impaired by army
life and disease ; but so energetic was he that he would
have continued it longer had not the importunities of fam-
ily and friends prevailed.

His hives, sections, cases, etc., were models of perfec-
tion and neatness. His packing-cases were of the whitest
basswood he could find in the forest, papered inside, with the
sections resting on cross-cleats — the style now so widely
advertised as the " no-drip " shipping-case. The editor of
Gleanings, in an appreciative article, gives him credit of
being not only the originator of this, but also of the tall
section and super-spring for holding them in place. He was
among the very first to adopt the section-box, and his first
were made to contain a comb taller than the brood, and the
sections were held in place by the flat super-spring now
coming into general use.

In 1874 he made a shipment of comb honey to Great
Britain, being the first sent abroad in quantity. At the
Centennial in 1876 his exhibit of 3500 pounds of honey in
single-comb sections, together with a variety of ornamental
packages of honey and wax, was admired by all visitors.
The exhibit was built up to represent the turreted front of
an old castle, so arranged as to permit the light to pass
through in the freest manner, the whole surmounted by the
flag under which he fought for three long years. The
highest award was given him — a medal and diploma. A
like award was given him at the Columbian Exposition at
Chicago in 1893. The wording of this diploma by his friend
Secor — " For great skill in the apiarian art, and taste in
preparing its products for the market, this exhibit is ex-
ceptionally complete in every particular " — was very grati-
fying to Capt. H.

He also received an award on comb honey at the Pan-
American Exposition at Buffalo.

For many years past Capt. Hetherington has been rec-
ognized as the most extensive bee-keeper in this country.
Sixteen years ago Mr. Cowan, editor of the British Bee
Journal, after traveling through nearly all bee-keeping
countries, wrote that at Cherry Valley, N. Y., he " met the
most extensive bee-keeper in the world ". That year his
colonies numbered 3000, located in 22 out-yards, from 2 to
12 miles from home. The fall of 1903 he went into winter
with 2200 colonies, 600 of which were placed in the cellar in
one day.

Feb. 23, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

139

After adopting indoor wintering' he moved all of his
bees home in the fall and away again in the spring. To
avoid this extra work, and for other reasons, he, some year',
ago (1889), established his Virginia apiaries. The season
of 1903 he had more bees there than in this State. The
shrinkage in numbers here was owing to the devastations
of black brood, which, to quote Capt. Hetherington, " Is
twenty times as bad as foul brood ". One of the means
lately used to fight this disease has been the introduction of
Carniolan queens, which, on account of their prolificness,
keep up the strength of the colonies even though quite a
percentage of the brood dies of the disease. He had pre-
viously been well pleased with this race in his Virginia api-
aries, where he introduced them for the purpose of carrying
on brood-rearing during the usual summer dearth of honey
there. Their good disposition and wintering qualities were
found as represented, while as gatherers of buckwheat
honey they proved to be ahead of the yellow bees.

Perhaps no incident in his life better illustrates certain
characteristics of the man than does the establishment of
his Virginia apiaries. His brother Oliver, of Michigan,
through a friend had become informed as to the bee-keep-
ing resources of the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, and
during a visit to his old home had canvassed with the Cap-
tain the advantages of keeping bees where the honey was
all white, and where they could be wintered safely unpro-
tected on the summer stands. A few days after the Captain
was in Virginia, when he soon concluded this would be a
favorable spot to locate the natural increase of his business.
And a most prominent characteristic of the man was that
after making up his mind to do a thing he did it without
delay. His executive abilities were equal to any task in
hand.

In this case he resolved to locate a thousand colonies of
bees in Virginia in time for the fall flow of honey, which
commenced in two weeks. He wired home, ordering lumber
for the hives and castings made for the Van Deusen frame-
corners, into which he transferred the bees. The hives had
to be built complete from lumber in the rough, and given
two coats of paint. The bees were in various out-apiaries
from 2 to 12 miles from home. These had to be hauled in
and transferred, comb and bees, into the new hives (putting
2 colonies together for extra strength), and then a little
time given the bees to unite the comb for a thousand-mile
journey.

The writer, in ignorance of his undertaking, happened
over for a visit when he was in the midst of his prepara-
tions. He briefly explained his plans, but when it was pro-
posed that the visit be postponed to a later date, he em-
phatically refused to entertain the proposal, saying he had
nothing to do but oversee his men, and as each had his
day's work assigned him, he did not expect much inter-
ruption. Twenty-nine men were at work that day. Every
man had his place. There was no bustle nor confusion, and
everything went off like clock-work. The bees were moved
nearly on time, what delay there was being caused by others
not in personal touch failing to do their part promptly.

The management of the large number of colonies kept
by Capt. Hetherington has necessarily always been in a
systematic, wholesale way, to which we may fairly apply
the word extensive rather than intensive. In order that this
system of management might apply to all alike, his bees
were carefully equalized early in the season. In a good
many of the details of his business, however, the word
"intensive" might very appropriately be applied, for in
the mechanical perfection of his supplies and appliances of
all kinds, in the careful looking after the welfare of each
individual colony, in the supersedure of old or unworthy
queens, and in the neatness and order displayed in every
branch of his business, even to the minutest detail, he far
surpassed the average keeper of a dozen colonies. So well
did he look after the details of his business that it was
almost impossible to inquire for any implement or article
used or remnant left but that he could tell where it was.

As soon as possible after giving the bees a flight in the
spring they were moved to the out-yards, after which they
were visited as often as necessary, or about once in nine or
ten days during the honey-gathering season, unless special
work like queen-rearing required a more frequent visita-
tion. A plot of ground was rented on which to set the bees,
and to each yard was moved a small sectional bee-house
and a wheelbarrow. No one looked after the occasion;!
swarms issuing, for, as the queens' wings were clipped, sucn
swarms would return.

For some time after adopting the new Quinby hive, i'o
labored with Mr. Quinby to prevent swarming by givi ,'•
shade, young queens, and plenty of room in surplus a::l

brood apartments of the hive ; and in 1868 he succeeded in
preventing all increase from the ISO colonies then under ex-
periment. What worked well in one season, however, did
not succeed in all, and it was not until he practiced remov-

View of Capt. Hetherington's first Wintering-Cellar. The roof covered

with a foot of earth and then a board roof. The stones

shown are for the new cellar.

ing the queen that he was entirely successful in controlling
swarming. After the advent of black brood it was dis-
covered that removing the queen was also beneficial in
checking this disease.

More than a score of years ago he adopted the T clamp
with the one-pound section. At first his honey was all in
glass, but of late years he shipped it unglassed, much in
paper cartons.

In the fall the bees were carefully looked over, and all
those lacking in bees were rejected. Some seasons as
many as one-third were thrown out.

In connection with his last attempts at outdoor winter-
ing, he experimented quite largely with plaster of Paris as
a material for bee-hives, it being an excellent non-conduc-
tor of heat, and a good absorbent of moisture. He soon dis-
covered that in common with the absorbents heretofore
used, in proportion as it became saturated with moisture, it
lost its non-conducting properties. He, therefore, after a
most thorough trial with almost all kinds of hives, and all
kinds of packing material, abandoned outdoor wintering as
unsuited to his severe climate, where a five months' con-
finement to the hive without a flight is occasionally experi-
enced.

Winters like that of 1903-04 would cause disastrous
losses. In the high mountainous region in which Cherry
Valley is situated, successful wintering has been the most
diSicult part of bee-keeping, as the honey-bee is indigenous
to warmer climates, and when removed to long winters it
does not bear confinement well, unless every condition is
perfect. Both on account of climate and of the poor quality
of the late stores sometimes gathered in this locality, the
wintering problem was the last one to be solved by Capt.

Capt. Hetherington's new Bee-Cellar. \ cntilators are large and open

all the time. Also openings in the floors over the bees which

are open except in the coldest weather. He believed

in abundant ventilation for bees.

Hetherington, and the solution of this cost him a mint of
money and a score of years.

For the last dozen years he wintered his bees as well as
farmers winter any kind of live stock. A year ago he took

140

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

out one lot of bees numbering over 800 colonies without
finding a dead one.

As for honey, he has for years past been as certain of
getting a paying crop as the farmer has been of getting a
crop of anything else dependent upon the weather. During
his lifetime he produced a greater quantity of honey than
any other bee-keeper that ever lived. He found bee-keep-
ing depending upon luck for a passing existence ; he left it
a specialty founded on the rock of science, the peer of any
branch of agriculture. No one ever labored more, no one

Part ol Capt. Hetherington's Bee- Yard in the fall, waiting
for the cellar.

ever sacrificed more, no one ever accomplished more, toward
this result than did Capt. J. E. Hetherington.

Captain Hetherington was one of the founders
of the Northeastern Bee-Keepers' Association (now the
New York State Association), one of the oldest, if not
the oldest, organization of its kind in the country ; and
after the death of Mr. Quinby, its president. He was also
present at the organization of the National society, and
later elected president. At one time he was associated with
Mr. Quinby in giving addresses on bee-keeping before
farmers' clubs in some of the towns of central New York.
He had a good command of language, and was a clear,
forcible writer and speaker, and it is to be regretted that
time and inclination did not permit him to make a more
frequent use of his gifts in this direction.

Socially, and as a host, he had no superiors and very
few equals in the fraternity, and many who read this will
testify to the excellent treatment received at the hands of
himself and his accomplished wife. His naturally excellent
conversational abilities were improved by cultivation. His
stock of anecdotes was large, and drawn upon almost
wholly as apt illustrations of the various points under dis-
cussion, while his army life was so eventful, and his mem-
ory so retentive that from this source alone he could enter-
tain and instruct by the hour.

At the camp fires of his G. A. R. Post he was looked
upon as chief entertainer, and he was very successful in
getting the old veterans to live over again, for a short time,
their old army experiences. At a late public gathering of
the Masonic Lodge of Cherry Valley, of which he was past-
master, he was somewhat unexpectedly called upon to act
as toast-master. His remarks on this occasion, the last
time he was at a public gathering, were said to have been
uncommonly brilliant and eloquent.

The citizens of his historic, native town have long held
him in their highest esteem because of his sociability, his
high intellectual and moral worth, and particularly because
of his splendid military record. Nothing ever came up for
the benefit of Cherry Valley but that Capt. Hetherington
used his rare executive abilities to help it along. It was he
who secured the organization of the Board of Trade in the
nick of time to obtain the location of the most helpful in-
dustry of the town. He was also foremost in procuring a
site for a summer park and recreation ground on the shores
of Otsego Lake. And no one labored harder than he for the
splendid public water supply of this town— an honor to this
small village and a monumental work to those who con-
ceived and carried the project through to completion.

Capt. Hetherington thoroughly enjoyed his home life,
while his happy, hopeful, resourceful spirit made him the
light of an affectionate household. He leaves a wife, a son,
and a daughter. The son, recently married, has inherited
his father's stirring activity and much of his executive
ability. A younger son died IS years ago, when a little
more than 4 years old.

Capt. H. was an active temperance worker, and for

many years a member of the Good Templar order. He was
a regular attendant of the Presbyterian Church, of which
his wife and daughter are members. He was also an officer
and worker in the Sunday-school. He believed in a religion
of a practical, working kind that bears immediate fruit,
that raises the fallen, feeds the hungry, cares for the sick ;
and he was a living exponent of that religion, as many per-
sons have testified since his death. At the same time he
believed in the Divine side of religion, with duties beyond
those to our fellowman, and with privileges and enjoyments
and helps not found elsewhere. One of the last quotations
he made was from a favorite poem — Tennyson's " Crossing
the Bar":

" For tho' from out our bourne of Time and Place

The Flood may bear me far,
I hope to see my Pilot face to face

When I have crost the bar."

Eminent comrades have testified that as a soldier J. E.
Hetherington had few equals. It was from no boyish
freak, but from a deliberate sense of duty that on Oct. 12,
1861, he enlisted in Company D, 1st Regiment, U. S. Sharp-
shooters, Col. Berdan commanding. The spare time of the
summer before had been spent in target riiie practice, and
his mother had made his underclothing previous to enlist-
ment. His bee-business at this time was the most extensive
in the land, but it and his life, if necessary, were ready to
be sacrificed when his country was in peril. Before the
second year had passed, of nine intimate friends from
Cherry Valley who had entered the army, four were dead,
four discharged for disability, and Capt. Hetherington alone
remained in the service. "Truly, to quote Gen. Sherman's
epigram, " War is hell ".

Gen. Sheridan says, " Courage measures the power the
mind has over the body ". The Captain stood at his post
in a most dangerous branch of the service, when most men
would have been in the hospital or discharged for disability.
His army surgeon has left on record the following to his
bravery :

"On May 12, 1864, at Spottsylvania, he became very
much exhausted by reason of chronic diarrhea, but de-
clined being relieved from duty ; and although wounded in
the head, he heroically remained in command of his com-
pany." And, again: "On June 22, 1864, in action before
Petersburg, Va., he received a serious wound in the hand,
which disabled him from duty. At the time of receiving
said wound he was suffering from chronic diarrhea, and
was so weak and debilitated by it that he was a better sub-
ject for the hospital than the battle-field ".

This was the wound he received when his sword was
shattered by a bullet, and a piece of the weapon driven
through his hand. The engraving shows this piece lying
by the broken sword. The portrait shows the position of
the sword and hand. He had thrown his rubber blanket
across the hilt of his sword, and that over his shoulder.
Providentially, the bullet, so accurately directed, found a
lodgment in his sword and hand instead of his heart, which
lay just beneath. Major Gen. Wilkenson, of the British
army, on seeing this sword, said that he had seen many of
the heirlooms of prominent British families, and the relics
sent home from 20 years of active service, and then added,
" Among them all there are none that I consider so fine a
personal relic as this broken sword". The Captain threw

The Sword which saved the Captain's life.

this away as being of no further use, but it was preserved
by his men. He also received a gunshot wound in the
shoulder in the second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862.

Entering the army a private he came out a captain in
that branch of the service where the command of a company
meant in some ways as much as the command of a regi-
ment in other parts of the army. The captain of Company
D was killed in the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, and
Lieut. J. E Hetherington was recommended for promotion
by Col. Berdan from the battle-field. At the close of the

I

Feb. 23. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

141

Gettysburg campaign an order was sent to the command-
ing officers of the army to report to the Secretary of War
the names of such officers and men as had distinguished
themselves for bravery and meritorious conduct during the

Capt. Hetherington during War Times; the position of hand and
sword when strucls by the bullet.

Before an engagement, an officer transfers to his darkey or servant
all luggage — retaining only his rubber blanket and haversack, for use
in case the aforesaid gentleman fails to put in an appearance after the
fight. His blanket is made into a small roll and tied at the ends, then
carried across his shoulder and breast as a sash is worn. In hot
weather this is oppressive ; and for temporary relief, although in the
midst of a hard fight, the captain had thrown his rubber across the
hilt of his sword, and that across his shoulder.

campaign. The name of J. E. Hetherington appears in
this list, and furnishes the best of proof that his promotion
was well earned.

While in the army the Captain was in all the principal
battles of the Army of the Potomac, and since, when he
joined the Comrades of the Battle-Field, the affidavits of
others revealed the fact that he had been under fire 114
days, thus exceeding the requirements of this strictest of
strict organizations by 24 days. He was discharged from
the service Sept. 20, 1864, by reason of disability from
wounds received in action. For two years after it was a
question whether he would live, but he gradually regained
the larger part of his former vigor. The chronic army dis-
ease from which he suffered never fully left him, and at
last, after extreme prostration from the grip, ended his life.
In personal appearance the Captain was tall and com-
manding, and looked every inch a soldier. But for his
youth, undoubtedly higher rank and still greater honors
had come to him while in the army. Had his health per-
mitted him to remain in the service at the close of the war,
and take a West Point course, as was suggested, he could
have filled with credit any position in the army. He had
resources to meet any emergency ; executive ability to
carry through any undertaking ; will-power that would not
be defeated, and a comprehensive mind that grasped the
entire situation and strategic points of a battle-field. His
description of the battle of Gettysburg clearly showed that,
young as he was, he comprehended the situation and move-
ments of the two armies. As a commander he gained the
confidence and enthusiastic support of those under him.

The bee-keepers of this country may feel honored that
they have had enrolled in their ranks one who as a citizen,
bee-keeper, and soldier has contributed so much to the wel-
fare of his fellowman. The world is better for such lives.
Good deeds live on forever in continual multiplications,
hastening the glad day when all evil shall be overcome by
good.

True heart, that beat bo brave, and true and strong.

Then failed him first who never failed his friend;
True hands, that always could their succor lend
Where Need was born of Want or cruel Wrong;
True lips, that gave the courage of a song

To fainting souls who would the Right defend,
Throughout the way until he found its end ;
Farewell ! And if the way, perchance, be long,
Dnlighted by his loving, genial smile,
We still may walk it, weary mile on mile,
With surer Faith, and always willing feet,

Because of heart, and hands, and lips, that went
So far with us, and such rare presence lent,
And wait. Somewhere, our coming soon to greet.

—A. A. Hopkins.

A Few Tributes to the Hemory of Capt. Hetherington.

We wish to give, in addition to what Mr. Elwood has
told so well, several appreciations of Capt. Hetherington
from personal friends and those who valued his efforts iu
different lines. One of them, from Maj. Chas. J. Buchanan,
was sent to us by Mrs. Hetherington, who accompanied it
by the following note :

Mr. George W. York—

Dear Sir : — Among the letters of sympathy I received
was one from an army comrade who had been a member of
the same Company during the entire time of my husband's
service, and with whom there has been a warm friendship
ever since — Mr. Charles J. Buchanan, a well-known lawyer
of Albany, N. Y. It expresses such a true and just appre-
ciation of my husband's character that I thought you might
like to include a portion of it in your memorial number. I
send you a copy which you can use at your discretion, or
not at all, as you think best. Yours sincerely,

Eva B. Hetherington.

A portion of the letter referred to by Mrs. Hetherini;-
ton reads as follows :

From Major Chas. J. Buchanan, of New York.

So passes away my most intimate friend and comrat.c
of the Civil War. Our acquaintance commenced in Novem
ber, 1861, and continued unbroken until liis death. He was

a soldier by instinct. Manly, courageous, brave and hon-
orable, he easily met and sustained himself through all the
vicissitudes of army life. No demand was ever made upon
him to which he did not render more than full equivalent.
There was a charm and dignity in all that he did.

He was always kind and generous to others, even to the
detriment of his own self-interests. His high sense of duty
was never lacking in any conviction or emergency. He
never demanded of his associates as much as he exacted of
himself. His theory and practice were to do just what he
believed to be strictly right, always leaving to those with
whom he came in contact to act from the same standpoint.

Any one who gained his confidence, was always his
intimate.

I always knew, without asking, where he would stand
upon any question where the facts involved were undis-
puted.

He would go out of his way to benefit his surviving
comrades, never waiting for his assistance to be solicited.

Take him all in all, he was one of the noblest specimens
of manhood that I ever knew. He could, when necessary,
reprove as well as commend, but such censure, when he
gave it, was to admonish rather than to reproach.

There was no guile in his nature. Frankness and the
utmost sincerity characterized his every action. His mo-
tives were always pure. His line of conduct through life

142

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

was marked by that standard of excellence which was born
in him, and which he never sullied nor disgraced.

He has gone to his reward, which I doubt not will be
commensurate with his aims and ideals in this life.

If he had any motto it was this: " Forward, as occa-
sion offers. Never look around to see whether any shall
note it. Be satisfied with success in even the smallest mat-
ter, and think that even such a result is no trifle ".
Sincerely yours,

Charles J. Buchanan.

From Mr. L. C. Root, of Connecticut.

Mr. George W. York :— A most cheerful and gratify-
ing task is accorded me when I am asked to join in the
praises of my good friend, Capt. J. E. Hetherington.

I think I may say that few people outside of his own
family knew him better, or had a better opportunity to
judge him accurately, than myself. He was intimate from
boyhood with the Quinby family, to which my wife be-
longed.

In writing of Mr. Quinby, Capt. Hetherington said :
" I went to him as a mere lad for instruction in bee-
keeping ".

I first met him at Mr. Quinby's, quite early in the
rnorning after a 16-mile ride. I well remember his enthu-
siasm at that time. This marked enthusiasm characterized
his whole life, whether in business, social, army, religious,
or home circles.

His business interests in bee-keeping were probably the
largest in the world, and his success was marked, though
his life was characterized by generous impulses and deep
interest in the higher walks of life. Whatever he did, he
did well. Few men have done more accurate and faithful
work than he, or shown greater cheerfulness and nobleness
of purpose. L,. c. Root.

From Prof. A. J. Cook, of California.

It is certainly a pleasure to voice my feeling of esteem
and respect for our friend, the late Capt. Hetherington. It
was my pleasure to meet Capt. Hetherington at the home of
his brother, whom I knew more intimately than I did the
Captain, and also at some of our National conventions. A
feeling of strong admiration was the result of this all too
slight acquaintance. Indeed, I think Capt. Hetherington
had many points in common with his brother, who was one
of our honored Michigan bee-keepers. These gentlemen
seemed to have rare inventive genius. We all know that
some of our best implements in bee-culture, especially the
honey-knife, owe much to theHetheringtons. They seemed
to have that rare faculty that divines things which as yet
have had no existence. It was never my privilege to visit
the large apiaries of Capt. Hetherington. I am sure that,
could I have done so, I should have seen there what I saw at
the Saginaw apiary of his brother, many ingenious helps
that I should have carried away to aid me in my own work
among the bees.

Another peculiarity of the Hetheringtons was their
neatness and method. Like our friend Bingham, they
could not abide dirt, which simply means things out of
place. No wonder Mr. Bingham and the Hetheringtons
were brought together. We all know about " birds of a
feather". I am sure that at the large Hetherington api-
aries we should have seen system and method supreme.
Without doubt this was no mean factor in the success of
Capt. Hetherington in the extensive work which he carried
on among the bees.

But the best characteristic of Capt. Hetherington, as of
every true man, was his courtesy, thoughtfulness of others,
and exceeding probity and honor. One had to be with him
but a very short time to recognize the fact that he was
with a gentleman who valued truth and honor as of highest
worth. Such men honor any business or profession. It is
very rare that I learn of the death of one whom I knew no
more than I knew Capt. Hetherington where I feel such a
burden of loss as came with the sad words that our friend
had passed into the Beyond. Great souls are none too com-
mon in this world, and when they leave us we all — the
world itself— are poorer. A. J. Cook.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook ;
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
U. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

=\

Doctor miller's
Question = Box

J

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Millbr, Marengo, 111.

Location In Virginia or Maryland.

Would Virginia or Maryland be a good location for
starting a bee-yard? Wisconsin.

Answer. — There are good locations in both States, but
it will probably need personal investigation to find such loca-
tions not already occupied. Sometimes there are bee-keep-
ers in good locations who are willing to sell out, and a short
advertisement might reach them.

Size of 10-Frame Hive-Depths of Rabbets.

1. What are the outside dimensions of a 10-frame hive?

2. How deep should the frame rabbets be when one
intends to use tin rabbets and the Hoffman frames? I in-
tend to make the hive-bodies and buy the tin rabbets and the
frames. Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. I think the usual dimensions are 20 inches
long, 16 wide, and '^Vi deep. That, however, leaves no
room for a dummy. If I were making them I should want
them 5-^-inch wider, so as to have room for a dummy.

2. Three-quarter inch.

< ■ »

Keeping Bees Near a Lake.

1. Would bees be likely to do well near a large body
of water, or would they be likely to fall into the lake?

2. On which side of a lake would you prefer to keep bees
—the east or west side? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. The water is not likely to do any harm,
only it is just so much surface without any pasturage, just
like so much barren land. If the body of water was so narrow
that the bees would cross it to get pasturage on the other
side, a few bees might be beaten down in crossing by high
winds.

2. The side that had the best pasturage.

Prevention of Swarming— Reducing Rearing of
Young Bees in Honey-Flow.

1. For the prevention of swarming is there any objec-
tion to the use of perforated zinc at the entrance, other than
that it hinders the passage of the bees?

2. Is it an advantage or a disadvantage (in a short
honey-flow and severe winters) to have the production of
young bees reduced to say one frame during the honey-flow
(swarming season) ? Ontario.

Answers. — 1. It makes the hive warmer in hot weather,
and imprisons the drones so that they die in the hive unless
liberated by the bee-keeper. In some cases it may prevent
a young queen from taking her wedding-flight.

2. In the majority of cases it would be a disadvantage.

Races of Bees-Cntting Out ttueen-Cells-Wintering.

1. I am sending you a few worker-bees, which I picked
up from the front of the hive. Are they Italians, blacks,
or hybrids?

2. How do you cut out queen-cells when the supers are
on the hives? Do the supers have to be removed every time,
and, if so, doesn't this put the bees back with their work?

3. Last fall I put the bees into winter quarters as fol-
lows : On top of the frames I put a few strips of wood
J4-inch thick; on top of this a few thicknesses of cloth; on
this about 4 inches of leaves, and a dry-goods box over the
hive. Today they had a flight, and there seemed to be a good

Feb. 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

143

many bees still in the hive. Last fall the hive and all
weighed about 75 pounds. How do you think they will win-
ter^

'4 I have a bee-book dated 1887, called "A B C Guide
to Bee-Keeping," by W. B. Webster. Did you ever know this
^an> Illinois.

Answers.— 1. When they got here they were of the
smashed variety, making it hard to tell much about them.
I think one has one yellow band, making it a hybrid. The
other may have three yellow bands, and no one can tell
whether a single three-banded bee is pure Italian or hybrid.
If all in the hive are three-banded, they're Italian.

2. Yes, the supers are lifted off to get into the brood-
chamber, and of course that disturbs the work of the bees,
but not very much.

3. As far as can be judged from description, they ought
to winter well.

4. I knew one bee-keeper by the name of Webster,
but I'm not sure he is the man. [It is a book written by a
bee-keeper over in England, and has been reprinted in this
country. Scarcely any bee-keeper in America would use the
implements and fixtures illustrated in it, and, besides, they
could not be bought here. — Editor.]

WinterltiK bees In a basemeut.

1. How would it do to winter bees in the basement of a
■brick building v.-here the temperature is 22 degrees above
zero when it is 18 below out-of-doors? The air is absolutely
pure. The building is 36 x 60 feet. It has a center wall which
divides the basement. There is a furnace in one part of it,
which is fired up once a week, raising the temperature to 55
degrees above zero. I am wintering 15 colonies of bees in
the other part. I put them in Dec. 12, and they are doing
nicely so far.

2. Do you think they would winter better out-of-doors?

Iowa.
Answers. — 1. If the bees have done well up to the last of
January, it would seem reasonable to expect still further
success. On general principles it would not seem desirable
to have a repository range from 22 to 55 degrees, but if it
does not touch the lower figure very often, generally ranging
in the neighborhood of 45, it may do very well.
2. Likely not.

•* • ^ ■

Increase— Honey-DrlnKs— Wintering Ont-Doors.

1. Which is the more profitable, forced or natural swarm-
ing when running for section honey, and when increase is
desired?

2. Can a good alcoholic drink be made with honey? If
so, how?

3. How much air-space must be allowed to keep the bees
from smothering in outside wintering, when the temperature
goes as low as 10 degrees below zero? Missouri.

Answers. — 1. Depends upon the person; with little ex-
perience natural swarming is best; with sufficient experience
something else may be better.

2. I've had no experience in that direction, and would
rather throw good honey away than to make it into an r.lco-
holic beverage.

3. The entrance should amount to something like two
to four square inches, depending upon the strength of the
colony.

* ■ »

Best Hive— Detecting Queenlessness.

1. As there are no bee-keepers in this vicinity using
patent hives (nothing but the box-hives), I would like yuur
advice as to the kind and size to buy. "The main source of
honey is white clover.

2. I heard an old bee-keeper say that he could tell
when a colony was queenless by the actions of the bees. I asked
him how, but he would not tell. Can you tell me?

Iowa.
Answers. — 1. You will probably be well suited with
10-frame dove-tailed hives. If you are working for comb-
honey, 8-frame hives may do better, but even in that case
it is better to have 10-frame hives unless you expect to give
your bees a good deal of attention. There is much more

danger of starvation in winter with the smaller hives, if they
do not have close attention. „ , , , .

2 I don't believe there is any way to tell whether colonies
are queenless without looking in the hive, although a pretty
good guess may be made when a colony is carrying in yer>'
little pollen when others are carrying in much. If a colony
has just become queenless, you may see the bees running
about at the outside in an anxious way.

Drone-Comb Required In a Hive.

How much drone-comb does an 8-frame hive require?

California.

Answer.— If you allow no drone-comb whatever, you
will probably have all the drones needed, because the bees
will manage to get drone-comb into some corners in spite
of you. Yet it is better to encourage drones in one or more
of your best colonies (not the ones from which you rear
queens), suppressing them in others. Mr. Doohttle's plan is
good. Allow one or two square inches of drone-comb in each
colony whose drones are to be suppressed, so as to prevent
them from building drone-comb: then every two or three
weeks shave off the heads of the drone-brood.

Improved " Frost Proof " Hive.

I have been interested in bee-culture for the past two
years, and am contemplating increasing considerably my
apiary the coming season. This will necessitate the purchas-
ing of additional hives. I have heretofore used only dove-
tailed hives, but a gentleman who has invented and applied
for patent on a hive is desirous of furnishing me with his
product. He makes a hive which is fastened at the corners
by a metal device, which he claims to be a great improve-
ment, as the hives can be knocked down at any time; it is
frost-proof; and requires no nailing to put together. He
also claims he can make them out of basswood instead of
pine, as his manner of joining the corners prevents warping.

In your experience have you found that being able to take
the hives apart at any time is of importance? and what
do you think of adopting this hive? I can see that it is much
easier to put together than the dovetailed pattvn, but if you
can see any reason why it would be unsatisfactory in any way,
I do not want to invest to any great extent. Illinois.

Answer.— I know nothing of the particular hive in ques-
tion except what you say, but on general principles you may
feel pretty safe in saying that 9 out of 10, if not 99 out of
100, of supposed improvements are anything but improvements.
Just now I cannot think of any advantage there would be
under ordinary circumstances in having a hive capable of
being taken apart. The only advantage I can think of in
any case would be to take the hives apart so as to pack them
in less space, but that would apply only to unoccupied hives.
The corners of a basswood hive may be held against warping,
but would that prevent shrinking and swelling, so as to keep
the brood-chamber always of the same depth ? A "frost-proof
hive" in northern Illinois sounds like a fairy tale.

Stimulative Brood-Rearing Feeding Bees-Leasing
Ground for an Apiary.

1. What is the most satisfactory way of stimulating
brood-rearing in the spring?

2. Is not extracted honey and sugar syrup mixed the
best feed when it is fed warm?

3. What should be the proportions?

4. In feeding is it not better to have all the hive-bottoms
perfectly tight, and raise the front somewhat higher than
the back end, pouring the syrup in at the entrance?

5. Can you give a form of agreement in regard to leas-
ing ground for locating an apiary?

6. Should the land-owner be bound to protect the apiary
from thieves and stock so far as he is able to do- so?

West Virginia.

Answers.— 1. The most satisfactory way for me is to see
that the bees have plenty, yes. more than plenty— abundance—
of stores, keep them well closed up, and then let them en-
tirely alone. If your queens are not so good at laying as to
do their best without the lash, or if your locality is such
that you have good flying weather without any pasturage,

144

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

then it may pay you to feed half a pound of diluted honey
every other evening, or to change end for end the outside
comb on each side.

2. Itis not so good as solid combs of sealed honey.

3. It's like the rule for the proportion of oats and saw-
dust for good horse-feed— the less savifdust the better. In
many cases, however, sugar syrup must be fed when honey
enough is not to be had, and then one-fifth honey is better
than pure sugar. Sugar alone does better for a winter than
for a spring feed.

4. I have fed many a colony in that way, and it worked
well, only for some reason that I did not understand quite
a few dead bees were carried out next morning.

5. I'm not a lawyer, but I should think all that would
be necessary would be a writing saying that such a piece of
ground was to be leased for such a time for such a considera-
tion.

6. Not unless it was so specifically agreed, in which case
the consideration should be correspondingly greater.

Best Foundation to Use.

What kind of foundation is better to use for brood, light
or medium? Also what kind is better in supers for ex-
tractmg? Which is the better cell, the round or hexagonal?

Canada.

Answer.— It matters little which kind of cell, or whether
light or medium for either brood or extracting frames, only
the light foundation needs to be better supported than the
medium.

Bees Noisy In the Cellar.

It is 64 days since my 21 colonies were put into the cellar,
some of them nuclei and some real strong. The room is
12x14x5 feet deep, 3 feet under and 2 above. I have
a furnace in the cellar, but there is a double-wall partition
between the bees and the furnace, and the temperature is
always at about 45 degrees. The cellar is dry, cool and
sweet, with good outside ventilation when required, and a
chimney runs from the cellar up.

Three of the strong colonies are always more or less
noisy, and I do not understand why. Each hive is raised
one inch from the bottom-board, and has a cushion on top.
At one time I let the cold air in and the temperature went
down to 32 degrees, then it gradually went up to 55, and
finally down to 45. I let them alone for days at a time,
thinking they would quiet down, but that same noise is always
heard more or less, while the others are very quiet. The
entrances are not spotted, and so far only a few bees have
died.

Would it be better to take them out and leave them out
when the weather is warm enough? Illinois.

_ Answer. — It is not easy to understand just how much
noise those bees make. It is possible that they are dan-
gerously noisy, and it is possible that the noise they are mak-
ing may be safely kept up all winter. The strongest colonies
may be expected to make more noise than the others It
might do better to take them out and leave them out but
likely not. You might try giving them still more ventilation
below, or a very little above.

Italianizing Bees.

I have 11 colonies of black bees. I wish to increase as
much as I can this year, and would also like to Italianize
or change to better stock. At the same time I wish to inter-
fere as httle as possible with the honey crop, which comes
"A'^^r>'"/--^"r"®' -'"'^ ^"'^ August. I notice on page 225 of
A B C of Bee Culture" a plan which says to purchase ?
choice breeding queen in the spring or summer, not to re-
move the old queens until the summer crop of honey is stored
and instead of natural swarming take frames and make nu-
clei, giving them queen-cells from Italian brood.

Where will I get the queen-cells? Is it not possible that
the Italian colony will not have any queen-cells in it at the
time I want them ? Would it be necessary for me to make the
Italian colony queenless at about this time? Texas.

Answer.— You cannot be certain there will be queen-
cells in your Italian colony when you want them, but you

can make it more likely by giving occasionally a frame of
brood from other colonies to your colony with the choice
queen. Thus building it up strong you will be likely to have
queen-cells early enough. But to make sure of them, look
through the hive about 10 days before you want to use the
ripe cells, and if you find no cells started you must make
the colony queenless. Take out the queen with 2 frames
of brood and adhering bees, and put them in an empty hive on
a new stand, adding from some other colony a frame or two
of honey, and filling up the hive with frames filled with
worker foundation. A week later let the 2 hives swap
places, for by that time the cells will be sealed, and the
nucleus with the old queen being put on the old stand will
get all the flying force. You can cut out and use the cells
9 or 10 days from the time the old colony was made queen-
less.

*-.-»

"(iood" Candy Made with Granulated Sugar.

I have made some "Good" candy, using granulated sugar.
After I had it made I noticed that the recipe called for pul-
verized sugar. I have no way of pulverizing the sugar. ' Will
it make good feed as it is? Illinois.

Answer.— The granulated sugar will make good feed,
only it will be rather extravagant, for the bees will be likely
to throw out the coarse grains. I don't know of any way
to pulverize granulated sugar, unless to borrow the drug-
gist's mortar and pestle ; but you ought to have no trouble in
getting pulverized sugar from your grocer.

Shaken Swarms— Rearing Queens.

I started last spring with one colony. It cast a fine
swarm, but as I do not have time to watch them during
swarming time, I did not see it come off. It was leaving
an appletree when I saw it, and in spite of all I could do
to save it, it went off to the woods. I bought 3 colonies last
summer, so I have 4 in the cellar at present.

I would like to make 8 colonies out of the 4 this coming
season, and get as much surplus honey as I can, besides.
My bees are blacks, and I want to Italianize at least 2 colo-
nies. As I have not time to watch them and they are not
situated very close to the house, if I allow them to swarm
naturally I will be likely to lose them, so I have been trying
to plan some suitable method of artificial swarming. The
bees are in movable-frame hives, but owing to crooked combs
and brace-combs, they are practically immovable. So it would
be almost impossible, especially for an inexperienced bee-
keeper, to find the queen to clip her wings, or in case of
Italianizing to destroy the old queen before introducing the
new. I have read considerable during the past year, in bee-
books and bee-papers, about shaken swarms, and from the
methods given have been trying to arrange one to suit my
case. I will outline it and ask your advice as to its suit-
ability or practicability.

I thought to purchase four 10-frame, 2-story Langstroth
hives (for extracted honey), with Hoffman frames, and fill
them with full sheets of foundation in both stories. Order
2 Italian queens in time to have them about the first of the
honey-flow from white clover, as it is about the first that
yields any surplus. Then when honey is coming in freely,
put the new hive with full sheets of foundation and an
entrance-guard to prevent the queen and drones from going
in, on the old stand ; shake all the bees but a few to care
for the brood in front of the new hive, and let them run in ;
catch the old queen at the entrance-guard, and put her back
in the old hive, removing it to a new stand. Give the new
colony an Italian queen. I would have to give the 2 new
colonies for which I have no Italian queen, the old queen,
and let the old colony rear a queen for itself.

A neighbor bee-keeper who has had considerable ex-
perience, and to whom I was telling my plan, thought it
would work all right, and said a good way to get the bees
out of the old hive was to place an empty super on top,
smoke the bees good, then drum on the sides of the hive from
10 to 15 minutes, when all the bees would go up into the
empty super, and could then be shaken in front of the new
hive.

1. Do you think the plan would work all right?

2. Would I need to wait until the bees were preparing
queen-cells |pr swarming to shake them, or would it be all
right to do it as soon as there is a good honey-flow coming

Feb. 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

145

in? (It would be hard for me to find queen-cells without
removing the frames.) . , t ,• ■ ..u

3 Would you put the cage with the Italian queen m the
new hive before letting the bees run in or immediately

after ^

4. If worker foundation in full sheets is given will the

bees rear any drones ? _ , , , . j • »t,

5 What grade of foundation should be used in the
brood-chamber? In the upper story for extracted honey?

6. Would colonies shaken in this way be likely to swarm

7. Are queens that are reared by the bees after their old
queen is removed (when this has been done previous to the
forming of queen-cells) likely to be all right? Are they as
good as those reared under the swarming impulse?

8. , If so, would it be all right after a colony is properly
Italianized, to remove the old queen and give it to a queen-
less colony, and let the then queenless one rear a new
queen ?

9. If this will not work, will you please give me a simple
method by which an inexperienced bee-keeper could rear
queens from an Italian colony to supply any colonies which
may be left queenless, or to improve his stock?

Canadian.

Answers. — 1. Yes, with some modifications mentioned in
following answers :

2. You can shake, without waiting for queen-cells, as
soon as colonies are strong enough in a good honey-flow.

3. I wouldn't put her in the new hive, but in the old
one. Her reception will be more kindly, and the broodless
bees will be much better satisfied with their old queen.

4. They will be likely to build a few drone-cells in odd
corners, and of course rear a few drones.

5. Medium brood, unless you support the light brood
well.

6. Not likely.

7. Yes and no. As you propose to manage, I wouldn't
expect the best of queens.

8 and 9. Your colonies, in the way you propose, wouldn't
be strong enough, and having no field- workers vvould be in
too discouraged a condition. You will be all right if you
take the queen (with perhaps one or two frames of brood
and bees) from a strong colony with its full working force
at a time when honey is yielding well.

Feeding Bees In Winter— Pnnlc Bees.

New Hampshire lost most of her bees last winter. My
9 colonies died on the summer stands.

I bought a new supply last spring, and put 7 colonies in
the cellar the first of January, this year, having waited in
vain for 6 weeks to give them another flight. My cellar is
not a good one for bees. The temperature is 35, and it is
sometimes wet in the spring or during prolonged thaws in
the winter.

Several of the colonies are small in numbers, and all
are deficient in stores. They are in two-story dovetailed
hives, the upper story empty, and inch blocks under the
front corners of the hives.

I commenced feeding "Good" candy a week ago, giving
each colony a piece about the size of an orange. Today I
cleaned out about a half-pint of dead bees, on an average,
from each hive, and found on the bottom-board under
each ball of candy as much powdered sugar as it took to
make the candy.

1. Was the candy too sugary?

2. A neighbor of mine who is an old bee-keeper, says
he has successfully fed bees in winter with thick syrup, in
fruit-Jars covered with thin cloth and inverted over the clus-
ter. Is it safe to try this plan if the candy won't work?

3. Ought I to cover the frames with a chaff cushion?

4. Will it be better to put them out early in the spring
to feed them, or wait until the maple blooms appear?

5. There is a continual hum in the hives, sometimes
sufficient to be heard across the cellar. Is this too much noise
to call it good behavior, and, if so, what is the cause and
remedy ?

6. Have the Punic bees proved a success in this coun-
try, or are they still an experiment?

New Hampshike.
Answers. — 1. Probably. Perhaps not as thoroughly
kneaded as it should have been, and perhaps too fresh. You

will generally find directions to let it stand some time after
being made. That gives time for the sugar to be dissolved
by the honey, and if that time is not allowed it may be
sugary There is, however, little loss in the case, for you
can collect the dry sugar that the bees have thrown down
and use it over again, either now or in the form of syrup in
the spring. Possibly you might succeed better to make com-
mon boiled candy, merely boiling sugar in a little water till it
will be hard when dropped in cold water.

2. Yes, if the candy won't work, but it will work. i
commend to your reading the article on page 86, by that
very practical and common-sense bee-keeper, C. P. Dadant.

3. It will be better. Or, it may be more convenient to
use pieces of old quilts, carpets, or something of the kind.

4. Somewhere from the middle of February till the mid-
dle of March it may do to take them out for a flight on a
warm day, and then take them back in the cellar till after
maple-bloom. Sometimes maples get in too much of a hurry,
and it's better for the bees to stay where it's warmer, even if
the maples are fools enough to start blooming only to be
frozen up again.

5. Less noise would probably be better ; but as cold as
35 degrees they will make a good deal of noise to keep
themselves warm. Can't you warm up the cellar in some
way? Even if only occasionally to 45° or more, it would
help. Hot stones or jugs of hot water tightly corked might

do it. . , r

6. In the experimental stage ; reports varying from favor-
able to extremely unfavorable.

Colony with an Imported Queen.

Last May (1904) I received by express a 3-frame nucleus
containing the highest grade (according to price) imported
Italian queen. The nucleus was given a 10-frame Danzen-
baker hive, 7 frames containing foundation in full sheets.
The nucleus did not build up quite as rapidly as I had hoped,
but by the end of October, by dint of spreading brood and
feeding sugar-water, it had grown to a fair-sized colony
having 20 frames (double brood-chamber) of honey and
brood. I turned a Danzenbaker cover over the hive, simply a
thin j^-inch box, reaching a couple of inches below the top
brood-chamber. I left the entrance 1 xl4 inches open, except
for wire screen to keep out mice and robbers. The colony
seemed to be wintering well, very well indeed. On oc-
casional flight-days they came out actively, and there were
never but a few dead bees on the bottom-board or in front
of the hive. Dec. 8 and 31 bees were out in good force for
play-spells, and Dec. 21 a few were out. Jan. 1, 1905, the
temperature was 54 degrees in the shade, all the bees were
out, and robbing began. (I have 7 colonies, one a weak one
which I had carelessly left with the wire guard off.) Jan.
2 there was a snowstorm. Jan. 19 the temperature was only
38 degrees in the shade, but the sun was very much warmer
for a short while, and the bees from the 3 south colonies
(they are in pairs) came out in surprising force, also some
bees from the hive containing the queen mentioned. At no
time this winter has the temperature here in the daytime been
to zero. But a few nights before the last-mentioned play-
spell the temperature for a brief period was 6 degrees be-
low zero.

On the morning of their last play-spell, previous to their
coming out, I gently pulled out with a small stick, the dead
bees that were on the bottom-boards of the 4 Danzenbaker
hives. The 3 other hives are old-style with very small en-
trances. In the hive containing the queen mentioned only a
few bees were on the bottom-board, a dozen or two at most. But
all alone about the middle lay the queen herself. She was
easy to identify as the same queen, because of her wing which
I clipped last May. As she was not dried up, her death must
have been quite recent. On the hive next to this one I had
used a small entrance for protection. I pulled a load of dead
bees out of it, and left a large entrance, as the other 2 Dan-
zenbaker hives with wide-open entrances showed as few dead
bees on the bottom-boards as the one with the queen did.

1. Since the other 2 wide-open entrance hives (which
also faced the west wind) and the queen's hive (which faced
east and has a building at its back) seemed to have a few dead
bees, while the one Danzenbaker hive with the small en-
trance, about ^x8, was loaded with dead bees, is it likely
that the imported queen perished from that cold-spell men-
tioned ?

2. In a cold-spell wouldn't any queen be near the center
of the cluster, and be among the first to die?

146

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

3. In case of starvation isn't the queen one of the last
to die?

4. Is it possible that the mild winter has led to unsea-
sonable brood-rearing and egg-laying, and undue tax on the
queen?

5. In that case would the fact of considerable part of
the stores being non-nitrogenous sugar-water work destruc-
tion to the queen or not?

6. Do bees ever supersede a queen in winter? If so,
how could they rear a new queen without her being an un-
fertilized drone-layer?

7. Would you think it at all likely that they superseded
last September, but left the original queen on the combs,
as sometimes happens (so I have read) till she died
naturally?

8. Would you be inclined to think that that hive has no
queen ?

9. Assuining it is not destroyed by robbing, how early
next spring, if winter continues mild, will that colony cease
to exist, or at least fall below the point of easy building up?

10. Is it possible to introduce a queen in winter in an
outdoor hive? If so, how?

11. I notice in bee-papers one Southern queen-breeder
advertises, "I can send you a queen any month in the year
and guarantee safe arrival." And another, "Queens from
now until Feb. 1, $— each." Would it be advisable to at-
tempt to secure a new queen now, or do these advertisers
mean these offers only for their Southern customers?

13. If you had this colony what line of action would
you pursue to make the best of the matter for the coming
season? Indiana.

Answers.— 1. No. 2. Yes. 3. Yes.

4. Even if the queen should lay several times as much
as usual in winter, it would still be a small amount com-
pared with her full capacity, and would not be likely to have
any appreciable effect on her health and strength.

5. The lack of nitrogenous food would have for one
effect to save the queen from laying, and it couldn't kill the
queen without killing the other bees.

6. Probably not. I don't know for certain just what
would be the result in all cases if a queen were killed in win-
ter. If at a time when brood was present they might rear
a queen, and it is among the possibilities that she might be
fertilized as soon as drones were flying; but it is not likely
that such a queen would be valuable.

7. It is entirely possible. It is also possible that she
was killed on the occasion of the robbing mentioned.

8. The probabilities are in that direction, but you can't
be sure until you find no brood in spring when all other colo-
nies have brood well under way.

3. Not till in honey harvest if laying was kept up well
m the fall.

10 and 11. Yes, you can introduce in winter the same
way as in summer, but it is hardly advisable. It would
disturb the colony unnecessarily, and there would be no par-
ticular gain. Even with guaranteed arrival, she might not
arrive m as good condition as later.

12. I'm not sure whether it's worth while to tell you
what / would do, for bee-keepers who have been no longer
in the business than you have are almost certain to think it of
more importance to have a large number of hives with bees
in than to have a large number of bees in each hive The
chances are 99 in 100 that I would break up the colony
when spring opened— of course on the supposition that it is
queenless or has a worthless queen— distributing combs and
bees to colonies that would be the better for strengthening That
would leave all in shape so that by fall I'd have more good
colonies than if I had coaxed along the queenless one. But
you'll hardly be willing to break up that colony, and vou can
keep gradually adding brood from other colonies and buy a
queen to introduce near the opening of the honev harvest. But
if you can steel yourself to be so hard-hearted, you'd better
break up a colony that is queenless in the spring.

A Queen-Bee Free as a Premium.— We are now
booking orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered
in May or June. This is the premium offer : To a sub-
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will give an un-
tested Italian queen for sending us one new subscription with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to
get new subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as sample.?, let us know how many you want
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.

=\

(£ont)cntton
Proccebtngs

ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' CONVENTION.

REPORTED BY MORLEY PETTIT.

(Continued from page 119 )
The Question Drawer was reversed from the usual order.
The president chose a subject, subdivided it, and asked the
members leading questions.

PRODUCING COMB HONEY.

1. What race of bees would you choose for producing
comb honey?

R. F. Holtermann would choose Carniolans, if it were not
for their tendency to swarm. They are hardy, build up well in
spring, cap white, use little propolis; in fact, seem to have
only one fault ; but on that account, in a locality where the
flow is continuous, and inducement to swarm great, they
must be strongly mixed with Italian blood.

Jacob Alpaugh — A cross between Italians and blacks pro-
duces good comb honey. Blacks cap whiter but do not store
so well. There is a great difference in Italian bees.

WHAT SIZED HIVE WOULD YOU USE?

Morley Pettit prefers the 10-frame Langstroth.

F. J. Miller considers the Heddon hive excellent for
either comb or extracted honey.

Jno. Fixter for five years got more honey from a 10-
frame than from either the 8-frame or 12-frame hive.

Mr. Sibbald said last year if the hive is too large put in
a division-board and run the hive at the capacity it has at
the beginning of the flow.

R. H. Smith — How about uniting at the beginning of
the honey-flow?

Mr. Holtermann — I do not care for uniting at any time.

Morley Pettit — The main thing is to equalize brood.
This can be done by taking from the strong and giving to the
weak. It should be capped brood, and not more than one or
two combs at a time from any hive.

TIME OF PUTTING ON SUPERS.

Mr. Alpaugh — I would make sure to have supers on in
plenty of time. I do not find the bees do the foundation
any harm before the season. It is after the honey-flow is
over that they gnaw and wax it.

R. H. Smith — I would not put on supers until the bees
are ready to work in them. If you have a super drawn out
from last year, put that on first; but be sure last year's honey
is extracted out of it. A good way to get well-filled sections
is to put on extracting supers until the bees swarm, then put
sections on the swarm. But sometimes the season is half
over and not nearly so much comb is obtained.

Mr. Holtermann — We must consider the most paying
system. To wait until the bees swarm may give the best
quality, but the quantity is so much less that the money
returns are entailed. In any case, sections must not be put
on until the end of the dark honey flow. Where a rasp-
berry honey counts, the honey from it often runs on into the
white clover season and injures quality considerably.

SECTION FOUNDATION, AND HOW PUT IN?

How much foundation would you use in a section? And
how would you put it in?

The consens'us of opinion was that the section should
be filled with foundation.

R. H. Smith said it should fit the sides and bottom to
1-16 inch.

F. J. Miller fastens foundation with a hot-plate machine,
and uses a bottom-starter.

H. G. Sibbald, whose comb honey took first prize at the
Honey Show, uses what he calls an old-fashioned method.
He puts the section together, puts the foundation in, and
runs melted wax around, fastening it on all four sides.

Mr. Holtermann — You cannot get good sections without
full-fitting foundation. Too many supply dealers turn out

Feb. 23, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

147

narrow foundation which does not fit the sections. That
made by the Weed process does not sag and can be put in

to fit. . , , ,

Morley Pettit— If foundation is hutig the strong i^'n.v m
the sections it will not sag. By the "strong way" I mean
with ridges running up and down instead of horizontally.
With strong foundation put in this way there is no occasion
for using bottom-starters.

WHAT STYLE OF SEPARATOR.

Morley Pettit— The best separator I have used is rather
•expensive. It is bored full of ^-inch holes, so the bees pass
freely through it. It is important to allow the bees to go through
the separators, but slatted separators give a wash-board ap-
pearance to the comb.

Mr. Alpaugh— I do not see the need of separators.

Mr. Holtermann— The best separtor known was invented
by Mr. Bettsinger, of New York State. It is made of wire
cloth with a quarter-inch mesh.

HIVING SWARMS.

Do you hive swarms on starters, full foundation or
combs ?

Use a contracted brood-nest with starters and one comb.
Mr. Hall said this comb should contain young brood to make
the hive more home-like.

R. H. Smith— Use 2-inch starters. They give less pollen
in the sections than narrow starters.

PUTTING SECTIONS ON SWARMS.

Do you put sections on the swarms as soon as they are
hived ?

Mr. Hall — Put them on at once.

Morley Pettit — If the swarm is inclined to be restless
at first, do not put the dummies in the brood-chamber for a
few days.

REMOVING SECTION-SUPERS FROM HIVES.

In taking off sections do you use a bee-escape, or how?

Mr. Hall — During the honey-flow, when no robbers are
about, set the supers on the ground and the bees fly home.
After the honey-flow use escapes.

Mr. Holtermann recommended a cloth soaked in carbolic
acid solution. Insects abhor this acid and the smell from
the cloth spread over the super will drive them down and
out.

The evening of Nov. 15, the Fruit-Growers , the Bee-
Keepers , and the Horticultural Associations held a mass
meeting in Association Hall, at which Mayor Urquart, of
Toronto, officially welcomed the numerous delegates to the
city. Honorable Jno. Dryden, the Ontario Minister of Agri-
culture, was chairman of the meeting. Dr. Jas. Fletcher, of
the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, addressed the meet-
ing on

"WHAT THE LITTLE BEE IS DOING."

In his remarks the Doctor called attention to the inter-
dependence of all things in nature, as illustrated by the com-
munity of interest between the fruit-men and the bee-keep-
ers. The little bee is doing much more than it is given
credit for, and not some things that it is supposed to be doing.
There is much to be learned from the life of the bee. The
fact that bees are so common is assurance that more should
be known about them. Things common to us should be best
known. The scheme of Nature is to make things perfect
One of her plans is to fertilize flowers, and to do this two
sets of organs are developed, one for the production of
fruit or seed, and another for protection and fertilization.
And because Nature abhors self-fertilization she provides
means by which her scheme may be carried out. This plan
insures uniformity of type in all the productions of Nature.
One of the most active agents in the carrying out of this
scheme of Nature is the bee. In return for this service
the flowers of Canada provide the best nectar and honey
that can be obtained in any part of the world, at the time
when they require the service of bees.

One of the best things for the bee-keepers is the asser-
tion made a few years ago by fruit-men, that bees punctured
fruit. This sensational libel upon the bee set people to
studying more closely than before, with the result that bees
are better known. People are now better aware that the
bee and the wasp are not close relatives. Bees have a busi-
ness-like way of going from flower to flower of the same
kind, not from one variety of flower to another. This in-
sures a uniform quality of honey and an economical distribu-
tion of pollen.

Peculiar as it may seem, bees gather honey from flowers
most extensively just at the time when flowers are most in
need of having pollen distributed. The flowers in their turn
change their color after fertilization, so that the bee knows
it is no longer in need of visitation. .

In some parts fruit-growers are finding it to their ad-
vantage to keep bees in their orchards, simply for the as-
sistance the bees give in the perfecting of fruit.

SECOND DAY— Wednesday Morning Session.

Prof. F. C. Harrison, of the Ontario Agricultural Col-
lege at Guelph, addressed the convention. He congratulated
the Association on having in a way amalgamated with the
fruit-growers and horticulturists. He said we should fol-
low the example of these associations, which, not content
with holding annual meetings, are going out during the year
to hold orchard and garden meetings. We are in an era
of greater prosperity and should help those who are starting
in the business. We should have apiary meetings to give in-
structions in the best handling of bees. We should also rec-
ognize the fact that apiculture is taught only at the Agri-
cultural College by offering an annual prize to be competed
for by students at the college. The Professor then took up

'"= '''^''"'''- DISEASES OF BEE-LARV/E.

The diseases of the larvae of bees may be roughly divided
into two groups: one, in which the disease is contagious,
and the other in which the disease is not due to a special
virus but to some physiological or physical cause. The con-
tagious diseases are the most harmful, as they spread from
hive to hive and from one apiary to another, often producing
a severe epidemic.

In all cases of infectious diseases there must be present
a virus or a living organism which may be a fungus or a
mould-like growth, or due to minute organisms, which are
popularly called bacteria. These micro-organisms may be
carried from one hive to another in many different ways,
and the following are the principal means by which contagion
is spread, and infection caused :

1. Bees entering wrong hives.

2. Bees robbing a diseased colony.

3. Feeding bees with honey from an infected hive.

4. Inserting diseased combs into healthy hives.

5. Using as a foundation, wax from a diseased colony
which has been improperly boiled. . i. u- j

6. Transferring bees into hives that have been inhabited
by a diseased colony without first thoroughly disinfecting it.

7. Placing a hive upon a stand previously occupied by
a diseased colony. . , , .

8. The handling of healthy colonies by the bee-keeper
after manipulating diseased hives.

9. The introduction of a diseased queen.

10. Healthy bees visiting flowers which may have been
infected by diseased bees.

All these are means by which infection can be carried
or transferred from one place to another, and evidence can
be brought forward to show that disease has been produced
by each of the different means above mentioned. "Foul
Drood" being the infectious disease which is best known
naturally affords more examples of these methods of transmis-
sion than any one of the other contagious bee diseases.

It is important that all bee-keepers should clearly under-
stand these means bv which infection is carried: also they
should have a knowledge of the appearance of the various
diseases of bees so that they can diagnose or tell the kind
and character of the disease in order to apply intelligently
methods of prevention or cure.

I shall endeavor to give you a brief account of the gen-
eral appearances of several of the best known diseases, taking
them in order of their importance.

FOin, BROOD.

The larvae attacked by B. alvei—tht cause of foul brood-
may die during all stages of their development. In every
instance the larvae lose their white and glossy appearance,
when suffering from the disease, and turn to a dull yellow-
ish, and later to a brownish, color. In the further progress
of the disease, they die and collapse into a darkish brown,
coffee-colored, more or less tenacious, shapeless mass. This
mass is characterized by its viscid character and before it
dries up can be drawn out in threads when lifted with a
match or a pointed instrument. It has an offensive odor,
which is said to resemble that of glue, and when much dis-
ease is present, there is an ammonia-like smell. The cap

148

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23. 190S.

of the larvae sinks and appears concave instead of being con-
verse or fiat, and it is often perforated witli a small hole
near the center. Often the appearance of this sunken cell
is the lirst indication of disease noticed by the bee-keeper.
The decomposed larvae gradually dry up and ultimately form
a dry black or deep brown crust at the bottom of the cell.

The sunken and perforated cappings, the reduction of
the larvae to a tenacious brown mass, the characteristic odor
and stringy nature of the mass, and the dwindling of the
colony, are the most noticeable indications and result.? of
the disease.

As thS disease advances, the offensive odor pervades the
hive, and when infection is spread over a great number of
brood-combs the smell may be noticed some distance away.
The bees become more and more despondent over their help-
less condition and ultimately succumb or in some cases
desert their hive.

THE NEW YORK BEE DISEASE, OR BLACK BROOD.

For a number of years past there has existed in the State
of New York a disease known to the bee-keepers there as
"Black Brood." It has also been called "New York Bee Dis-
ease," from the fact that it was first noticed in that State.
So far as is known it was reported first from Sloanville,
N. Y. The description given by the New York Bee-Inspec-
tor is as follows :

"The young larvae have a yellowish speck upon the
body, about the size of a pinhead, while the older brood
stand out lengthwise in the cell, sharp at the ends, white, but
not capped over. This brood dies, and is either removed by
the bees or later flattens down in the cell and becomes a
cream-colored, and in a later stage, a coflfee-colored, mass.
Later in the season some brood that died in the cells which
had been capped over, becomes a rotten mass, a coffee-colored
rnatter about the consistency of heavy honey. A toothpick
dipped. into this and drawn out causes this matter to stretch
from half an inch to an inch, but does not break and iiy
back as quickly as in 'Foul Brood.' The smell is not very
bad, but in some cases it has a sour smell ; while in some
of the sealed, rotten, coflfee-colored brood, there is a kind of
rotten smell, but not like that of the old-time 'Foul Brood.'
Howard states with regard to this disease, that the brood is
usually attacked late in the larval life, and dies during pupa-
tion, or later when nearly mature and ready to come forth
through the chrysalis capping. Even after leaving the cell
the bees are so feeble that they fall from the combs helpless.
Most of the brood die after sealing. When the larvae show
the first signs of this disease there appears a brownish spot
upon the body about the size of a pinhead. The larvae may
yet receive nourishment for a day or two, but as the fermenta-
tion increases the brownish spot enlarges. The larvae dies,
and stands out swollen and sharp at the ends. In time the
brood becomes dark and rotten, and these rotten masses, in
time, break down and settle to the lower side of the cells as
a watery, syrupy, granular liquid not like the sticky-ropy, or
glue-like semi-fluid substance of 'Foul Brood.' It does not
adhere to the cell-walls like that of 'Foul Brood,' and has not
the characteristic foul odor which attracts carrion flies, but
a sour, rotten-apple smell. The cap is disturbed from with-
out, sometimes uncapped and the cell-contents removed by
the bees."

It will be seen from these accounts that whilst agree-
ing in some particulars there are points of difference between
the two descriptions given of this disease, and probably if a
bacteriological examination of the diseased larvae had been
made by Mr. N. D. West, the New York State bee-inspector,
the organism which produces "Foul Brood" might have been
found.

Howard, in connection with this disease, described an
organism which he considered to be the causal agent of
"Black Brood." He gave the name of Bacillus millii to it,
from its resemblance to millet-seed. The B. millii is a spindle-
shaped organism which forms spores, and, according to How-
ard's drawings, forms two spores in each cell, a rather
remarkable occurrence, for in most bacteria, as a rule, only
one spore is found in a single cell. No description is given
of the germination of these spores, nor the cultural features
of this organism, so that except from its peculiar shape and
its ability to form two spores it would be a rather difficult
matter to identify this organism.

Howard claims to have produced the disease by feeding
bees with syrups containing B. millii.

This disease has also been the subject of an investiga-
tion by Moore and White, of the New York Veterinary
College, Cornell University. These investigators have ex-

amined a number of specimens sent, to them during the sea-
son, and which were labelled as "Black Brood." The ten
specimens of black brood contained a bacillus which sug-
gested by its constant presence that possibly it was the cause
of the trouble. It was thought first that the bacillus so
constantly associated with the black brood was the bacillus
described by Howard as B. millii; but a more extended study
of this organism showed that it resembled B. alvei, the cause
of foul brood. A very careful investigation of this organ-
ism from the specimens of black brood confirmed the identity
of the species from the diflferent sources, and the only con-
clusion they came to was that the prevailing bee-disease in
the State of New York was similar to, if not identical with,
the foul brood of other States, Canada and Europe.

From this evidence there seems to be some doubt as to
whether black brood is a new disease, caused by a new or
partly-described organism, or whether it is merely a disease
closely allied, if not identical, with foul brood, but oc-
casional! y showing appearances which are different from the
typical appearance of foul brood. Further investigation will
be needed before this question can be properly settled.

PICKLED BROOD.

Pickled Brood is said to attack the larvae about the
time of pupation, and the appearance of the larvae is similar
to those that are infected with black brood, except that the
brown spot is not present and no decomposition from putre-
factive germs takes place in pickled brood. The cappings
are usually undisturbed and the decayed brown masses do not
adhere to the cell-walls. According to Howard, the infection
in pickled brood is in bad pollen, and new pollen always
causes it to disappear.

The cause of this disease is said to be a fungus {Aspergil-
lus Pollinis). Moore and White, who examined five speci-
mens of pickled brood, report no fungi present, but various
micro-organisms were found, none of which, however, were
specific.

CHILLED BROOD.

The cause of the death of the larva2 from this calamity is
cold, as the name correctly indicates. It generally occurs
when, after warm weather, which has induced the bees to
deposit brood freely, a sudden change takes place, or very
cold nights set in again^ The brood in the center combs
and where the bees cannot cover them sufficiently generally
suffer most. The larvae may be killed during all stages of
their development, but the capped brood rarely suffers to any
extent unless the change of temperature is much prolonged.
In cases of chilled brood the larva turn gray, afterwards
the color darkens and in the final stages of decomposition
it becomes black. No ropiness develops and the putrid mass
is more or less watery, and its smell is said to resemble stag-
nant water. No relation exists between chilled and foul
brood although many writers have mistaken the one for the
other or have stated that chilled brood turns to foul brood.
Schirach, as long ago as 1769, clearly distinguished between
the two. In fact, he said that chilled brood is no disease at
all.

"Chilled brood" is caused by putrefactive bacteria which
attack the larvae after death. In foul brood and other in-
fectious diseases, the micro-organisms attack the living brood
and cause their death.

STARVED BROOD.

Occasionally instances of the starving of brood have been
noticed. This occurrence probably can be explained by an
abundant honey-flow, having induced the bees to encourage a
large brood deposit, when after a severe extracting of honey,
the bees were suddenly checked in the gathering of food
for some time through bad weather. The brood do not die
suddenly but become emaciated and dry up, rather than
putrefy. This aflfection is of rare occurrence, but it is curious
and interesting to note that Virgil in his Georgic on the
husbandry of bees mentions starvation and the cure for it.
The lines are as follows :

When sickness reigns, (for they as well as we
Feel all the effects of frail mortality),

By certain marks the new disease is seen.
Their color changes and their looks are thin;
Their funeral rites are formed and every bee
With grief attends the sad solemnity;
The few diseased survivors hang before
Their sickly cells and droop about the door,
Or slowly in their hives their limbs unfold.
Shrunk up with hunger and benumbed with cold.

Now lay fresh honey near their empty rooms,
In troughs of hollow reeds whilst frying gums

Feb. 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

149

Cast 'round a mist of spicy fumes.

Thus kindly tempt the famished swarm to eat

And gently reconcile them to their meat.

TREATMENT AND REMEDIES.

"Remove the cause, and the effect ceases." Practically
all the various methods of cure of the infectious diseases of
bees adopt this maxim more or less thoroughly. The various
starvation methods aim at g^etting rid of the infected honey
and the infected combs. The method of conquering the dis-
ease by feeding medicated syrups aims at the destruction of
the vegetating bacteria, or preventing them from growing and
the spores from developing. At the same time the action of
the medicine may in some way exercise a tonic effect upon the
bees. Treatment by means of disinfection by formalin or
other vapor destroys the greater amount of infecting material
which is present in the hives and in the comb, relying upon
the natural resistance of the bees to get rid of any micro-
organisms that may be present in or upon them. The bene-
ficial results obtained from any of these methods depend upon
the thoroughness with which they are carried out.

Thus we have numerous instances of the starvation
method failing, because of failure to disinfect the hive. Medi-
cated syrups often fail because of methods of application;
the use of weak or feeble drugs, and not using the medicine
for a sufficiently long period at a time.

We have also occasional instances of the failure of the
formalin treatment, perhaps due to improper methods of
application, not using strong enough formalin, or not disin-
fecting the combs and hives in an air-tight box. These fail-
ures should not be counted against the method of treatment,
for I am convinced that anyone of these methods, if prop-
erly and conscientiously carried out, will cure even the worst
case of foul brood, which of all the infectious bee diseases is
the most difficult disease to deal with.

It remains for each bee-keeper to decide for himself as
to the method of treatment he intends to follow, and having
made up his mind, he should carry out that treatment intelli-
gently and thoroughly. F. C. Harrison.

HOW TO manage the BEES.

"A Season with the Bees and How to Manage Them,"
by A. E. Hoshal, was next on the program. This was an
illustrated talk in which the speaker had the hive and imple-
ments with which to show just how he did the various things
described. He spoke to beginners rather than to old heads.
There had been three main systems of bee-keeping — the
box -hive system, the movable-frame system, and the case sys-
tem. The old-fashioned way required no description. The
second had for its root-principle the manipulation of indi-
vidual combs. The third was a system of manipulating cases
instead of combs. Mr. Hoshal believes the case system to
be the best. The first week in June go out to the yard with
smoker and veil. Get a good smoker; an experienced man
can do with a poor smoker better than a beginner. You
will soon discard the veil. Unpack the bees from their win-
ter boxes. Some will have double-case brood-chambers, some
single. When the honey starts, put on a slatted honey-
board and another case. A single brood-chamber colony will
give as much honey as a double brood-chamber colony in a
short season.

A deep-frame hive gives tlie top third of comb filled
with honey. The honey will be crowded downward as the
season advances. The shallower the frame the less honey
is stored in its upper part. With the Heddon cases the honey
can be raised and empty combs put right over the brood.
These shallow cases with narrow top and bottom bars to
frames are accepted more readily than deeper ones. Then
the narrow top and bottom bars admit of seeing right through
between the combs to see the exact condition of things
without handling the individual combs.

For clipping queens, about the 8th or 10th of June
drive the bees up out of the lower case and through the
excluder. The queen will be found on the top bars or on the
under side of the excluder. It is an advantage to clip when
the flow is on, as a smaller percentage of queens is lost.
Then the queen is returned to the empty lower case where
there are no bees to ball her.

When swarming-time comes, have hive ready with two
cases, one empty and the other filled with combs. Catch
the queen in a cage when she comes out. Lift off the supers.
Set the hive off the stand and the new one in its place. Put
the supers on the swarm. Close the entrance of the parent
hive with grass. In a few days take out the empty case

from underneath and give plenty of super-room. In the
parent-hive are queen-cells and danger of after-swarms. In
8 or 10 days shift the parent hive so as to throw the flying
workers into the swarm.

Spring management consists in having good queens, plenty
of stores, warmth, and let alone.

Towards the end of the season remove the honey with
escapes. Be careful not to take all the honey. Leave the
lower surplus case. For winter, unite weak colonies in July
as soon as the flow is over. Set one on the other; don't care
if old bees are killed. The brood is what counts. Each hive
must weigh 50 pounds if double ; if a single case, 40 pounds.
Make up shortage by feeding in the fall. In spring let se-
verely alone. Much handling in spring causes loss of queens.
Note the importance of having the brood-chamber shallow
and filled with brood.

Mr. W. J. Craig then read a paper on

THE INFLUENCE OF BEE JOURNALS.

Considering the subject of the influence. of bee-journals
broadly, we may rightly apply much of what has been said,
and can be said, of the influence of current literature gen-
erally. We live in an age of literature, an age when people
read a great deal and think a great deal, and whether in the
form of newspaper, magazine, book or pamphlet, such reading
must necessarily wield a large influence over the individual
and community, in the formation of opinion, the moulding
of character, and the regulation of action.

Bee books and journals have taken their distinctive place
among the literature of the world. From recent statistics we
find that there are over eighty magazines devoted exclusively
to bee-keeping. France leads the way with 19, Germany 11,
Russia 9, Belgium 9, United States 7, Austria 6, Italy 3;
England, Spain, Algiers and Australia 2 each ; Denmark,
Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Holland, Romania, Nederland,
Ireland and Canada, one each.

These magazines must, as a matter of course, have an
effect upon the bee-keeping of the many thousands of readers
they represent ; all of them advocating better bee-keeping, bet-
ter systems of management, better marketing, presenting new
theories, reporting new discoveries and inventions, vieing
with each other in original matter from the best authorities,
and in carefully-selected matter from the most reliable
sources, standing up for the right and exposing and de-
nouncing the fraudulent and the wrong.

All this can be truly said of present-day bee-journals;
they are, in brief, doing all that they possibly can do for the
furtherance and development of the bee-keeping industry.
This statement may no doubt be questioned by those who
consider the motive of the bee-journal always a selfish one,
and that it exists merely for the sake of direct gain to the
publisher, or a desirable adjunct to his business. Such view
is narrow, and mean, and selfish in itself. None of the
journals that we know of are making a fortune; in fact, some
of them would have gone out of existence long ago had it
not been for the substantial financial support of their pub-
lishers.

Guide-books and hand-books on general management
are good and useful as references, or for the beginner in lay-
ing a foundation of sound apicultural knowledge, but if the
novice is to advance, with advancing thought and advancing
methods, he must have access to current bee-literature. The
bee-keeper's column of the newspaper or agricultural maga-
zine, no matter how well conducted, cannot be satisfactory
to the bee-keeper who would make a success of his bee-
keeping, and can never take the place of the journal devoted
exclusively to apiculture ; in fact, the most dangerous and
obstinate heresies that bee-keepers have had to contend with
have issued from these sources.

Local conditions and requirements, apart from loyalty
to State or Country, make the support of the local repre-
sentative magazine of first importance ; then as many others
as the bee-keeper feels he can afford. Unfortunately the
great mass of small bee-keepers do not seem to have a proper
estimate of the value of apicultural information ; they are in-
terested to a very small extent — "only a few hives for their
own use," they tell us ; but somehow more or less of their
ill-favored product finds it way on the market, to the detri-
ment of the excellent article placed there by the intelligent
producer. There are probably upwards of 8,000 such bee-
keepers in our own Dominion, whose bee-keeping is of the
crudest character.

Our Canadian publication needs the cooperation of this
Association much more than it has been favored with. There

150

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23. 1905

is no lack of ability on your part to make the Canadian
Bee Journal more distinctly Canadian, and to rank like
Canadian honey— the ''first of its kind." W. J. Craig.

Messrs Deadman. Holtermann, E. Grainger, R. H.
Smith, Chadwick, Sparling, Dickenson, Darling and others
spoke of the importance of bee-journals m general, and of
our national bee-journal in particular. Bee-keepers should
not only subscribe, but should contribute of their best thought
to the Canadian Bee Journal.

Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson sent a paper on

QUEENS AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON SUCCESS
IN BEE-CULTURE.

I expect it will be called heresy, but, many times, when
reading extravagant expressions about "the whole of bee-
keeping centering upon the queen," I have felt like exclaim-
ing- "Other things being equal, one queen is as good as
another." This may be putting it stronger than it will bear ;
besides, it does not exactly express my meaning. Perhaps
I can not make myself exactly understood, but I will try.

It is not so much what a queen is herself, as what her
ancestors were ; or, rather, what her bees are. That is, she
may be an insignificant-looking specimen, may have been
reared in a manner wholly at variance with the established
principles of queen-rearing; may be one of those short-lived
affairs whose days are soon numbered, yet, if she comes
from the right stock, her bees, whatever may be the number
of which she becomes the mother, are just as good bees as can
be produced. In other words, there is no system of queen-
rearing that will improve a strain of bees.

Try and not misunderstand me. To be sure, we must
have queens that are sufficiently prolific to keep the brood-
nests full of brood at a time of the year when this is desira-
ble; and possessed of a longevity that will enable them to
perform this feat two or more seasons; having this, what
more is needed? As a rule, the honey-producer need trouble
his head very little about the rearing of queens. The bees
will attend to that, and rear just as good queens as are
needed. If his queen don't fill the brood-nests in the required
season, how much more practical simply to reduce the size
of his brood-nests until the queens do fill them, instead of
ransacking the earth for more prolific queens, or else by
twisting, turning, and shifting about of combs, endeavor
to make one queen lay an increased number of eggs.

As I look at the matter, in the light in which I am dis-
cussing it, the queen is simply the vehicle of transmission
from one generation to another. It is the qualities to be
transmitted, rather than the vehicle of transmission, that
should receive our attention. To illustrate: A man has a
strain of bees that are of little value as honey-gatherers.
Can he, by any sort of "jugglery" at queen-rearing, trans-
form them into energetic workers? Something might be
done in the way of selection, but not by methods of queen-
rearing.

Bee-keepers often tell how much better are the bees from
the queen secured from this breeder than from the queen
bought of some other breeder, or that the bees from the
daughter of a queen from a certain breeder are superior to
bees from the daughters of some other queen, and have ar-
gued from this that the queens, and the manner in which they
were reared, caused the difference in results. I say no. The
difference is in the strain of bees, and not in the manner
in which the queens were reared.

That there are circumstances in which much depends
upon the queen it is idle to dispute. Some of our best bee-
keepers have argued against extra-prolificness in queens,
some of them even going so far as to assert that prolificness
in the queen is at the expense of quality in the bees ; but
that prolificness is all-important to the user of large brood-
nests can not be dodged. He must have prolific queens,
else one-half of his brood-chamber is transformed into a
store-room. But this extra prolificness is not secured by some
pecular method of queen-rearing, but by selection — by rearing
queens from the colonies having the most prolific queens.
Here, again, the queen is simply the vehicle for transmitting
the quality of prolificness from one generation to the other.

The age of queens may also have some bearing upon
success. Where the harvest ends with white clover, more
surplus will be secured if the bees do not swarm ; and colo-
nies with young queens are far less likely to swarm. Then,
again, young queens lay much later in the fall, and this has
a bearing upon the subject of wintering, as also does the
time when they begin laying in the spring.

As I have already said, we need queens sufficiently pro-
lific to fill the brood-nests with eggs at the season of the
year when this is desirable, and possessed of a reasonable
amount of longevity. This secured, nothing more needs con-
sideration except the stock from which they come. Natu-
rally, when a man buys a queen, he expects to get the worth
of his money. If he buys her to rear queens from, he ex-
pects her to be able to endow her royal offspring with the
nualities and characteristics of her ancestors ; and, if she
does this, he need not mourn if she lives only long enough
to allow him to secure a goodly number of her daughters.
If he buys queens in large quantities to re-queen an apiary,
he has a right to feel that he has been cheated if the queens
live only a few short months. The practical honey-producer
has not this problem to solve. Simply let the bees rear their
own queens, and they will be as good as any. That queens
can be reared artificially, the equal of any, there is no doubt.
Most certainly they can. How it can be done has been re-
peatedly published.

As I said at the beginning, we have a lot of sayings
something like the following: "Good queens are at the
foundation of bee-keeping." "Bee-keeping all centers about
the queen." " As the queen lays all of the eggs, of course,
success depends upon her." It is to combat such ideas as
these that I have written. The queen is of no more im-
portance than the hive, the combs, or the location. By
importance I mean, in this case, that which can by some-
decision, or management of the bee-keeper, be made to con-
tribute to his success. W. Z. Hutchinson.

Mr. H. G. Sibbald read a paper on

FOUL BROOD.

A disease that attacks the larvse or brood of bees, the
most dangerous and destructive of any of the diseases that
bees are subject to, and had made such headway that the
Ontario government a number of years ago passed a law
and appointed an inspector for its suppression. Credit for
obtaining this excellent law is due, I believe, to our Ontario^
Bee-Keepers' Association.

Since the inception of the law and inspection, the disease
has been checked and is better understood by the mass of
expert bee-keepers. Still, on account of the contagious na-
ture of the disease, and the ignorance of a few, the expert
is constantly in danger as long as it exists and bees are in-
the hands of these few.

It is therefore a subject worthy of a place in our pro-
gram, and of a full discussion by those who, like myself,
have had to their sorrow more experience than is desirable
or profitable.

The larvae or brood in its early stages is attacked by the
foul brood germs, decomposes, decays, and settles in a shape-
less mass to the bottom and lower side of the cell ; becomes
yellowish-brown in color at first, later brown or coffee-color;
gives oflf a very offensive odor, and if pricked by a pin or
toothpick, it will be found ropy, and will draw or string out
a half inch or so. If the cell has been capped the capping
recedes, and presents a sunken appearance. In time the
matter dries down and is of such a sticky, gluey nature that
it adheres strongly to the side and bottom of the cell. Thus
leaving what we call the scale or stain-mark of foul brood.

Other forms of dead brood, such as chilled, stained,
pickled and poisoned, are different and may be described as
follows :

The larva dies, but holds its form better, that is, shrinks-
and dries from the outsides ; gives off very little odor and
less offensive ; does not adhere so tightly to the cell side,.
and may be removed by a pin or toothpick, and when pricked
by them will not string out but appears watery. They will'
be removed by the bees themselves.

Not so with foul brood, however, for, soon after the
death of the larva, it becomes so foul that I verily believe
not a bee can be found that will attempt to clean it out.
The cell is apparently avoided until it becomes dried down
and the odor has become less noticeable. The bees then
accept it again, and after polishing it, fill it with nectar.
The moisture thus applied softens the scale or stain-marks
and releases the thousands ' of foul brood germs, wliich
float in the honey or nectar, awaiting only until fed to lar-
vx, thus coming in contact with . congenial matter, causing
its death and their further development and multiplication.
Thus it spreads more and more, cells become polluted, the
colony dwindles and dies, leaving its honey a prey to rob-
ber-bees which unsuspectingly carry it to their homes and:

Feb. 23. 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

151

thereby transmit the disease until an apiary will soon be
destroyed and neighboring apiaries jeopardized.

Every person who keeps bees, whether they have many
or few, should study and try to be able to detect the disease
in its early stages, and know how it may be carried from one
hive to another, which might be briefly summed up in a
few words. In any way in which honey or the stain-m.Trked
cells can be changed from one hive to another. Watch the
brood — take an interest in it; whenever you lift out a frame
take a look at the brood. If it is all healthy, fat and white-
looking, all is well. If not, apply the tests and find out what
is the matter, and, if you find the real thing, close the hive
and mark it and consider.

To cure it, we must get rid of the combs and honey, for
therein is the disease and germs.

Go to the colony late in the evening when the bees
will not fly or scatter to other hives. Shake the bees off into
the hive and give a set of frames with foundation starters.
We have thus gotten rid of the combs as far as the colony
is concerned. Not so with the honey. As soon as we dis-
turbed the colony the bees loaded themselves with honey,
and we must still get rid of that. They also clean up any
that shook out during the manipulation on the floor of the
hive, and any that remains on burr-combs or was attached
to the inside of the hives. This they would store if they
had a particle of comb supplied ready. We have only given
foundation starters, however, and they must work it out.
Wax-seeretion is necessary, and most of the honey is digested
and used ; but they soon have cells built and may store
some of the diseased honey therein. To make a complete
cure it is therefore necessary again to shake three days
later, the same way as before, and supply full sheets.

Melt up or burn up the old combs and the first set of
starters, and the cure is complete, if properly carried out.

This cure can only be applied in the early part of the
season, and during a honey-flow. If no flow is on, the bees
must be fed or they would swarm out, and perhaps scatter
into one or more hives, and thus make matters worse. If
the disease is discovered late in the season, and the colony
still strong, leave it until November, take the combs away
and supply honey from a clean colony, in full, sealed combs.
The queen is not now laying, and any honey that they have
picked up will be consumed first, and thus out of the way.

If a yard of bees or apiary is badly diseased, when dis-
covered, send for the inspector or some one who has had
experience, so that it is unnecessary for me to describe how
to go about curing a ba'dly-infected yard.

In looking for the disease, hold the frame or comb so
the light may shine into it. The stain-marks may be seen
by standing with your back to the sun, and holding so the light
will shine on and into the lower side of the cell.

In dealing with foul brood, the first loss is the least,
and while it is well to cure as economically as possible, if we
have a large number of colonies, plenty to do, and the disease
is not discovered until after the honey-flow, it would be
better perhaps to destroy the combs and kill the bees. The
top story or super-combs, if very clean and free from pollen,
may be saved by having the diseased colony clean it out
before curing. But in this case, again, perhaps the first loss
will be the least and it might be better to melt the combs.

Never put a diseased colony into winter quarters.

Always clip the queen before shaking to cure.

H. G. SlBB.\LD.

Mr. Hoshal — When I treated my own yard, it had not
fully developed. In the first stages if we change the queen
we cure the disease.

Prof. Harrison — There are different degrees of virulence
in foul brood as in typhoid or other human diseases. There is no
specific method for curing foul brood. Mr. Sibbald has car-
ried out the Formalin Method very well. It is considered an
efficient disinfectant in the case of human diseases, and should
be so for Bacillus Alvei if properly used. The gas generated
is more potent if the temperature is low and there is lots of
moisture. Either hang wet sheets or turn on steam to get
moisture. Leave in a tight box for 18 to 24 hours. Bertrand
recommends medicated syrups — formic acid. Through long
exposure the bees of Europe have become partly immune to
the disease. In a similar way the sheep of Algiers are partly
immune to anthra.x.

INSPECTOR OF APIARIES' REPORT.

During 1904 I visited bee-yards in the Counties of Nor-
folk, Brant, Simcoe, Victoria, Perth, Oxford, Wentworth,
Lincoln, Peel, Grey, York and Ontario. I inspected 91

apiaries, and found foul brood in 32 of them, and dead brood
of other kinds in many others.

The spring was one of the most unfavorable for bees
that we have had in many years. At no time during the
spring did bees bring in honey fast enough to keep pace
with the amount of larvae that required feeding, and the
result was that more or less starved brood was to be found
in every apiary. I received many samples by mail of starved
brood, asking what it was, many dreading it to be foul
brood because some of the capped cells of brood were punc-
tured. I also received samples that contained both foul
and starved brood in the same comb.

I set the bee-keepers to feeding in every apiary that I
examined during April, May and the early part of June. I
was much, pleased with the way the bee-keepers took hold
and cured their apiaries of foul brood.

It is one thing to know how to cure an apiary of foul
brood in the shortest possible time and to do it with the least
loss, but it is quite another thing to handle all classes of
men, and particularly so when things get into hot dispute over
the sales of diseased colonies, and notes for large amounts
have been given. No man on earth can deal with cases of
this kind so well as the inspector, and I always claimed the
right to have such cases placed in my hands to deal out
justice to both parties, and I am pleased to say that they
were always left to me, and that I got things settled very
nicely.

Death makes big changes, and where the widows had
diseased apiaries and wanted to sell the bees, I managed the
business for them, and had everything put to rights as nice
as the flowers of May, and secured fair prices for them.

In every locality that I went into I picked out the best
bee-keeper in it to go the rounds with me, so that he could
(on the quiet) let me know from time to time how the
people were getting on at the curing. By keeping in touch
with the business this way, I was able to get everything
put to rights with the help of the good men that "I picked
out to pad the road with me."

With the help of those men and very many others, I have
not only driven the disease out of the Province in the most
wholesale way, but converted the foul-broody apiaries into the
best paying ones in Ontario.

No Province or State in the world had as much foul
brood in it as Ontario had when I first started out to cure
the diseased apiaries of foul brood, and now no country has
as many fine, clean ones for the number kept.

For the very courteous treatment that I received from
every person while on my rounds, I return to them my most
heartfelt thanks. Wm. McEvoy.

Mr. F. J. Miller read a paper on

THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SWARMINQ AS
USED WITH THE HEDDON HIVE IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

The subject assigned me is one leading up from early
spring management, hence my article begins with the work
as the hives leave the winter-cases. At this time supers are
put on all colonies showing sufficient strength. Queen-clip-
ping follows as rapidly as possible, great care being taken
that no queen is allowed to pass unseen although last year's
record may show her to have been clipped. Apple-bloom is
now closing, and some queens may yet remain undipped;
this makes but little difference with the short-cut methods
of handling the divisible brood-chamber hive, and the work is
completed as I must ktww that every queen is clipped in or-
der to carry out our future plans.

During this early management a watchful eye is kept that
no colony becomes congested with honey in the brood-nest. If
the queen is being crowded and not allowed all the room she
can occupy, the divisible brood-chamber hive affords the
quickest results possible witli the least amount of labor. We
simply divide the center of the brood-nest horizontally by
exchanging the two sectional parts of the brood-chamber, i. e.,
by replacing the bottom-chamber with the top one, thus
placing honey in the center of the brood-nest. This being
averse to the instinct of the bees the honey is quickly re-
moved. The brood now extending to the top-bars under the
queen-e.xcluder, the honey is carried above this line into the
suners, leaving empty cells for the use of the queen in the
center of the brood-nest as it now exists.

During the vk'eek of honey-dearth between fruit-bloom
and white-clover, this interchanging of the brood-nest has the
same stimulating effect as feeding, or the uncapping of honey.
With the opening of white-clover supers are again added un-

152

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

derneath on the tiering-up plan, as soon as the last one con-
tains from five to seven pounds of nectar.

About this time, or as soon as the indications of swarm-
ing are apparent, each yard is visited as nearly every four
days as the weather will permit. During these visits each
hive is examined for queen-cells by simply raising one end
of the top section of the brood-chamber, and drawing slightly
forward and raising it up about six inches, thus giving a
view of the bottom-bars, which will expose a part of any
queen-cells that may be present. If there are no cells in
view the hive is closed, the work being completed ; but if, on
the contrary, queen-cells are started, or in any stage of com-
pletion, then a division is made as follows :

The top section of the brood-chamber with queen-ex-
cluder, and, in most cases with the queen, is removed and
placed on top of a chamber of foundation or empty combs
at the side of the colony; also placing a chamber of founda-
tion or empty combs on the colony. Add a queen-excluder
and return all supers to the colony. All danger of swarming
is now over for the present. An abbreviated entry is now
made, showing at a glance the date of this division.

On returning to the yard in four days the usual exam-
ination takes place ; in five cases out of six the entrance
of the division made four days ago will show dead drones,
indicating the prgsence of the queen. A record now being
made to this effect no further work is required on this
division or parent-colony during this visit.

Four days later, or on the second visit after the di-
vision is made, the colony must have the queen-cells removed
from the combs in the bottom section of the brood-chamber,
and as they are likely to have larvae yet held back, of which
they will again start queen-cells, they require cutting again
any time within the next two visits, and either give a virgin
or laying queen, or return the division to the colony. Or
the division may be left in the present condition beside the
colony until the busy season is over, when according to the
strength and amount of honey it contains, it is made use
of either to be placed on a separate stand or to be united
with another division.

The system I have here outlined is one I have used for
several years, and have found it to work admirably. The
loss from absconding swarms does not exceed an average
of two, or possibly three, for each yard during the season.
Being a system of short cuts it is capable of much improve-
ment, according to the skill of the apiarist ; and reduces the
amount of skilled labor to a minimum, one man being able
properly to attend to three or four yards of 90 or 100 colo-
nies each, doing all of the yard work himself, only requir-
ing the aid of one unskilled helper in the honey-house during
extracting.

Having endeavored to give as concise an account of my
work as possible, I may have left out details, but I trust it
may bring out either discussion or thought that may be
profitable to the members present. F. J. Miller.

(Continued next week.)

(Dnv>S\skv
BecKecpers

=\

J'

■ Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, MareDgo, 111.

Report for 1904— A Propolized Experience.

Dear Miss Wilson:—! know I am very tardy with my
report, but I was extremely busy at the time it should have
been made. We have been building a new house, and moving
therein— no doubt most of the sisters know that to move
means work.

I had 13 colonies in the spring, 6 of which I bought in
all kinds of boxes, and they had black queens. I now have
17 colonies of Italians (some few of the bees are possibly hy-
brids) in Danzenbaker hives.

I harvested 769 sections of honey, most of which was fall
honey, the spring crop being almost a failure. The best col-
ony stored 143 finished sections. Some colonies containing
black queens stored— nothing. Some of the fall honey is
beautifully white, much nicer than the spring honey. (It is
from wild aster.)

My bees are experts on propolis, this locality being adapted
to any amount of practice, and for the benefit of any other pro-
polized sufferers I will tell how I changed my Danzenbaker
hives. Of course if I hadn't been ignorant I never would have
put all of my bees on closed-end frames, and frames that rest
on cleats way down in the middle of the hive, at that. (No
doubt the Danzenbaker hive is all right in localities non-
propolized.) There was no such thing as not disturbing the
iDees whenever a frame was removed. I did well if I didn't
smash the whole business. To pull the little flimsy follower
all to pieces was generally my first act. I borrowed a draw-
knife and converted the closed-end frames into staple and nail
spaced frames, and ripped the cleat from the center of the hive
and nailed it near the top, taking care to place them so as
to leave a bee-space over the frames. I then drove all rivets
of the frames back, and substituted sixpenny nails, driving
them near the top to support the frames.

Trouble? Yes, but now I have a hive containing open-
end frames, which rest on cleats at the top of the hive, and
are supported by nails — a hive which I like very much, and
can overhaul at any time without the aid of the whole para-
phernalia of a carpenter's shop. A good, strong screw-driver
is all that is needed.

Perhaps some day I'll give my experience with my ob-
servatory hive. Mrs. C. D. Mears.

I wonder, Mrs. Mears, if all the sisters will enjoy as
hearty a laugh over your letter as I did. Now you may
not think this very sympathetic, but, really, you must not
be so entertaining in your recitals if you expect us to weep
over them. However, you seem equal to any emergency and
do not need our sympathy very badly. If all were equally
frank in telling of their failures as well as their successes
we might receive much benefit.

You say your best colony gave you 143 finished sections
while some colonies having black queens gave^nothing. Now
perhaps the fact that they were black was not t'ne only reason
why they did nothing, for some Italians are equally lazy,
and it is a fact well worth remembering that by breeding
from your best queen you can increase no little your average
yield per colony.

Honey in Aikin Paper Bag's — Fence Separators
and Tall Sections.

Miss Wilson :— Beg pardon for breaking into the Sis-
ters' department, but how am I to help it after reading Mrs.
L. Schmitt's letter on page 23? "Oh, gee, but it's nice to
be crazy," as the comic songs runs, but the editor of the
"Oregonian" is still at large.

Mr. W. H. Pennington is one of my very good friends,
and I have but recently returned from a short visit to his
home yard. He is indeed an enthusiastic convert to the
"Aikin honey-bag" system of putting up extracted honey.
He has several honey-tanks of from perhaps a ton to about
5 tons capacity; from these the honey is drawn off into the
Aikin bags.

Mr. Pennington has developed some exceedingly useful
things in the line of moving bees, artificial pasturage, etc.
He uses largely the standard 10-frame hive, with shallow
extracting-supers of unspaced frames. He has 80 colonies
in hives containing 13 frames of the regular Dadant size,
and they always give a satisfactory crop and fill the supers
just as quickly as do those in the 8 or 10 frame hives. But,
in a good season, they swarm.

Yes, you may be sure "that honey is all right."

Just tell "the sisters" to go slow in the fence-separator-
tall-section fad. I have been all through it, an enthusiastic
advocate of its mostly imaginary advantages, to my great
loss. Am now changing back to the good, old universally
satisfactory 4J4 x 1^ section. Have 600 new supers contain-
ing single-tier wide frames (section-holder zvith fop-bar).
They are the thing here. Have some T supers, but they are
no good for me and this locality. The wood of the sections is
stained fearfully, and I am surprised that such is not the
case in a "gluey" locality like Marengo.

Ada Co., Idaho, Jan. 14. E. F. Atwater.

No need to apologize, "Brother" Atwater, for breaking
into the Sisters' department in such a case. The amount
of Mr. W. H. Pennington's honey crop was sufficient guar-
antee that he was all right.

The T super is all right at Marengo. Sorry such is not
the case in your locality. Perhaps you do not use a little
stick, as we do, to fill up the space between the sections
at the top. That does not allow much chance for bee-glue.

f

Feb. 23. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

153

^j^/k.iM3^3aireAi^

■■^v,

PCTBLISHKD WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE StTBSCKIPTION PRICE of thl« Journal Is
$1 («) a year. In the tTnited States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries In the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
endof the month to which your subscription Is paid.
For instance, '• dec< i4 " on your label shows that it is
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chanse the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-

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National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

iBt —To promote tbe Interests of Its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members In their

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manacer and Treasurer—

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ty If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
pnbUshers of the American Bee JournaL

FwiitfulTpeerCiW^

Millions of Fruit and Forest Trees, Apples, Peaches,
Cherries, Grapes and Strawberries. R. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on 110 orders. Guaranteed to reach you freeh
and bright. Don't miss our free catalogue.

GAGE COUNTY NURSERIES
Box 646 Beatrice, Neb.

FOR SALE— About SO colonies and enough
hives for about £0 more; L. frames, dovetailed
hives, lO-frame hives. Ideal supers, frames for
each super, 2-frame Cowan Reversible honey-
extractor, tank, etc., and hooey-house, if de-
sired. J. W. JACKSON, Opelousas, La.

to SiV9S 15 o% g mojj asm pny

a

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker Hoe; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
^ood enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
dnced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

Reports anb
(Sxpcrtcnccs

Cook County Bee-Keepers— A Hope-
ful Fraternity.

What is the matter with the bee-keepers in
our county? I have not seen a report from
any of them. Are they all in " blasted hopes"
lilje myself?

I had about 100 colonies of bees April 1,
1904, and secured about 1500 pounds of ex-
tracted- honey, ot not very good quality. I
put very few sections on, as I saw that it was
a useless task. The number of colonies has
decreased to 95, and a few of them are weak.
I fear they will not winter very well on ac-
count of poor stores. I have 40 colonies out-
doors that had a good cleansing flieht lately.
The other 55 are in the cellar. They have
more dead bees than usual, and they may suf-
fer considerable loss especially if the spring is
late. But I hope it will not be. We bee-
keepers are a hopeful lot ot people. We hope
for a better season, hope for a better price of
honey, hope that the trust will not raise the
price of supplies, and a good many more hopes.

Many of the neighbor bee-keepers have
stopped using movable-frame hives, and will
run for bulk comb honey.

I have tried buying supplies from the
"Cheap Johns'', but do not want any more
of them. Some of the goods are dear as a
gift. I make my own hives and find that I
can earn a big day's wages at it, doing it by
hand. A. Wichbrts, 8r.

Cook Co,, 111., Jan. 6.

Hoffman vs. Closed-End Frames.

Dear Mr. York :— Somebody who signs
himself " Learner " wishes, on page lOS, that
I would make some explanations. I will re-
spond to his request, but wish to say here
that it is only because he is a learner, and
knows no better, that I am willing to reply to

EVERGREENS

Iforest trees, nursery grown and hardy
erywhere. All sizes for all purposes,
t Inwest prices. &0 bargain lots, all
(irst class, prepaid, tl to 810 per 100.
Catalogue and bargain sbeet free.

D Hill, Evergreen Spiciallst, Dundee, III.

Earliest Green Onions.

Tlie John A. Salzer Seed Co., La Crosse,
Wis., always have something new, some-
thing valuable. This year they offer
among their new money making vege-
taliles, an Earliest Green Eating Onion.
It is a winner, Mr. Farmer and Gardener!

JUST SEND THIS NOTICE AND 16c.

and they will send you their big plant and

seed catalog, together witli enough seed

to grow

1.000 fine, solid Cabbages,
2,000 rkh. juicy Turnips,
2.000 111. inching, nutty Celery,
2,000 Ml h, buttery Lettuce,
1,000 spk'ndid Onions,
1,000 raiL'. luscious Radishes.
1,000 gliiriously brilliant Flowers.
In all over 10,000 plants — this great oflter

is made to get you to test their warranted

vegetable seeds and

ALL FOR BUT 16C POSTAGE,
providing you will return this notice, and
if you will send them 26c in postage, they
vill add to (lie above a big package of
Salzer's Fourtli of July Sweet Com — the
earliest on earth — 10 days earlier than
Cory, Peep o' Day, First of All, etc. [F.P.]

FOR SALE

Several Hundred Cases

Nevada
WhiteAlfalfaHoney

PRICE— 7J^ cents per pound, or $9.00 per
case of two 60-pound cans, f.o.b. Chicago.
Two cases or more at 7 cents per pound.
Write for special price on larger quantities.
Guaranteed absolutely Pure. Sample, 10c.

H. L. WEEMS,

P.O. Box 267, - CHICAGO, ILL.

7A4t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

1 1-2 STORY

8 frame HIVES, eltlier plain, or bee-way su-
pers, SIM. No. 1 Sections, $4,00 for 1,030. 24.1b.
Shipping-Cases, $13 00 for 100; 121b.,J8.0o for
100; 20-lb. Danz., $11.00 for 100.

Hives. Sections, foundation.

etc., by the Car-Load. One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free with orders of $5.00 or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stocli. W. D. SOPER.

sEtf RT. 3. Jackson. MICH.

Please mention Bee journal ^vben wnttne.

nrr irrrPPPIf send me your orders for
DLL'JVLLrjjJiO • BEE-SUPPLIES fornext

year'suse, and get the discount: Oct., 5 percent;
Nov., S percent; Dec, 4 percent. Tlie above dis-
count does not apply to honey-pacitages. Send
for catalog. W. J.McCarty, Emmetsbnrg, Iowa
44Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEES FOR SALE

I wish to sell 40 colonies of Bees. They
are the Italian Strain, in a good, strong con-
dition, and are wintering good. Reasons for
selling : No time to take care of them. Will
sell all, or 5 or 10 colonies. Inquire of

F.M.SCHEDER,

7A4t PRESTON, IOWA.

lO CENTS a YEAR.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest

ILLUSTKATKD MaGA-

ziNB in the world for
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It Is bright and up-
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t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,^
mildings and famous people. Send at once.
Ic a year, postpaid, anywhere In the D.S.,Can-
,da and Mexico. Six years. 50c. Or, clubs of
5 names, 50c; 12 for $1. Send us a club. Moner
bacK if not de"«"ed. Stamps taken Cut inis
out.- Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME.

->.44«t Ni». 7.5. Blrmlnfhnm. A' *'""

• If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.»

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

B66-K66D6r§' SupDiies.

Send for Catalog.

Leahu'MfQ. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

The Rietsche Press

DMade of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and ei'lng entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
QUicltly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address, _

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN,

TDe
Dixie Home

154

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

QUALITY.

The quality of our goods is guaranteed to be equal to any others made in the country.
We stand ready at any time to refund your money if we do not do as we say. We can, refer
you to reputable firms in the city of Minneapolis, or any bank.

We sell for less money than others, because we are able to manufacture at a less cost
than others are. We do not have to sacrifice the quality of our goods in order to make the
prices that we do.

Of course, competitors will try to make you believe that the quality of our goods is not
up to standard, because they have to get more for their goods, in order to make a profit. We
guarantee our prices and the quality of our goods. Any one not entirely satisfied can have
money refunded upon return of the goods.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building,

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

A prominent Western pTOwer says of Big 4 Oats:— "It
has the plumpest kernel of any variety, and i3 as large
in fc%'ery way as any. It is always a very ivhite oat's,
free from blauk kernelB. and this year certainly it is
the hrinhtest oat that we have. Then it has a woiuiei^
fuihj stiff straw, ao that It stood up well in spite of one
of the worst seasons for rain known. It is medium
early, and a great yielder." Bit' Four

O AXS

has a yield record claimed for it of Z50 bushels per
acre uniJer experimental cultivation. Don't fail to
order a quantity of this seed; it will please you and
make you a lot of money. 1 Hi.. 20c; 3 lb3.,B0e, postpaid;
Bn, Tile: ■> 1>U8. for J2.75; 10 bus. tor 4r>, baps int-luded,— pur-
chosf r payct f relfht. Write for prices on larprer quanti-
ties. Imported BlacL Turtarinn Uatn* 91.00 per bu, ^
Catato^j of all kinds of Oiirden, Farm and Flower Seeds ^
free. Mention this p«per. W. W. BARNARD A CO,,
8eedsmen, Itil-ltiS Klnzle 6t., Chlcaeo, III.

Please Mention the Bee Joarnal I^l^iSr?.?.

a fellow who is afraid of his own honest
name.

In the first place, Mr. Learner uses obscure
language, and also puts an obscure inter-
pretation on some of my own perfectly clear
English. I say " wide bottom-bars ", but he
asks: " Which one of our sages is advocat-
ing close-fitting bottom-bars ?" To that ques-
tion I reply that I do not know, nor do I
know what a " close-fitting bottom-bar " is.
If Mr. Learner will read all that is on page
293 of the American Bee Journal for 1904, he
will find an answer to his question, if he
means to ask what sage is advocating wide
bottom-bars. I refrain from naming the gen-
tleman from other motives than those which
cause my questioner to remain incognito.

Now let me explain why I disapprove of
wide bottom-bars: If a bottom-bar is 1%
inches wide, and frames are spaced 1% from
center to center, there remains only J^ inch of
space on either side of the bottom-bar as the
frame is lifted from the hive. Possibly that
space may be increased slightly since the
comb above will be less in thickness than the
width of the bar, but there will be many
places, especially near the top where there is
only a bee-space between the sealed honey
portions, where the space will be even less.
Unless the frames are well spread before a
frame is raised the bees will roll into a heap
right above the bottom-bar, gathering some-
thing as a snow-ball gathers, and many will
be maimed for life, if not killed outright.
Any one who has lifted out a frame along the
bottom edge of which has been built an un-
looked-for strip of drone-comb will appreciate
the result. I have seen dozens of bees rolling
about with broken and crippled legs after a

Ii'ORIIIIASLr.r

Low in price. Fully guaranteed, n | Siod |
Send for free catalogue. | fgf

BANTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER, INDIANA. FntCitaroiB

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE . ^^

SO lbs. or over, at 5 cents per pound. Address,
SA9t JOSbPH SMAW, Strong City, Kans.

ATTRACTIVE AND FRUITFUL FARMS.
— There are many good reasons why every
farm should be made as attractive as possible.
One oi the best is that it makes farm life
more pleasant and relieves the bareness and
monotony that often make farm life tedious.
Another reason is that it pays in dollars and
cents. The orchard and the garden should
be as fruitful and profitable as the fields and
the pastures. They should be as zealously
planned and looked after. The surroundings
of the house and the barns may be materially
beautified and health and comfort added by
the proper planting of fruit, ornamental and
shade trees.

The farm garden that is well stocked with
berries, bushes and vines, with roses and all
sorts of small fruits, is a thing of beauty and
a source of pleasure and profit. The orchard
filled with fruit-trees and the lawn bordered
with shade and ornamental trees, shrubs, etc.,
mark the home of the wise, widespread, pro-
gressive farmer.

It doesn't cost a great deal to add all of
these attractions to the farm. The Gage
County Nurseries, of Beatrice, Neb., right in
the heart of the belt of where healthy trees
are grown, has been in business for over
24 years, helping all that time to make the
farm a better place to live, more attractive,
more home-like, more profitable and more
healthful. The beautiful homes it has helped
to maKe dot the western prairies and eastern
hills. From North to South all over the land
it has sent its products and has gained a repu-
tation for reliability, for honesty and fair
uealing that it prizes very highly. The good
words of its many regular customers prove
that its policy is appreciated and that its
pro(fucts give universal satisfaction.

The Gage County Nurseries claim it costs
more to sell a tree through an agent than it
does to grow it. Consequently it sells direct
to the customer at only a fair profit on what
it costs to grow the stock. Send for catalog
before you buy, listing everything in the
nursery line, describing the improved facili-
ties of its complete nursery plant, and telling
why it can serve you to your entire satisfac-
tion. Please mention the American Bee Jour-
nal when writing.

Feb. 23, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

155

frame has thus been injudiciously pulled out.
After removing such a frame }U8t take a peep
down into the hive and see for yourself.

I prefer a bottom-bar less than an inch
wide, otherwise I am greatly hindered in ray
work when the combs are crowded with
brood, bees, and honey. Wide bottom-bars
have ruined many a fine queen-cell, killed
thousands upon thousands of bees, and not a
few queens.

Mr. Learner has apparently bettered me in
my argument relating to the advantages of
the "closed-end" over the '* HoSman ".
Were I to admit that the advantage of the
«xtra warmth was overbalanced by the dis-
advantage of the killed bees, I should here
and now haul down my colors; but I do not
admit that. My closed-end frames save
many times the number of bees killed in bees
kept alive. A few bees killed in the height
of the season are not felt, but a few bees
saved in spring make themselves felt. It is
difficult to get people to appreciate this extra
warmth of closed-end frames till they try
them. To see absence of spring-dwindling,
rapid and sure building up in spring, early
swarming or early work in sections, will
make many a bee-keeper shut his eyes to the
disadvantages of the closed-end frames, and
will let him scrape off the few flattened mum-

A TELEPHONE ON THE FARM.— Wliy
not? Why shouldn't the farmer and his family
enjoy the convenience of this modern time-
saver? Why shouldn't the farm home be
brightened in every way possible?

The great probjem of keeping girls and
boys contented on the farm would be solved
in short order, if farm-life had more of the
luxuries and conveniences the city offers; if a
large share of the monotony and isolation of
farm life were dispelled.

The farmer himself would be greatly bene-
fited by the adoption of some of the more
necessary modern improvements his city
brother employs in his home and business. For
instance, the telephone. Every farm should
have a telephone. If any business man needs
a telephone the farmer is that man. With
a telephone the farmer, no matter how remote
his location from the great centers of busi-
neas, comes into close contact with the outside
world. He may get the market reports every
day and can sell his products when the market
is right. Thus, the extra price he may realize
from a single crop will often pay the entire
cost of his telephone and the expense of build-
ing his line. A telephone keeps the farmer in
touch with his neighbors, gets help to him
without delay or loss of time when help is
needed or accidents occur; calls the doctor
quickly when emergencies arise, day or night;
often saves a trip to town in busy seasons
when time is money, and cements the entire
neighborhood into one big, helpful family.

Farmers are awakening to the numerous
advantages of owning their own telephones
and lines. Hundreds of farm lines are being
built all over the country. The improved
telephones and appliances built especially for
farm lines by the Stromberg-Carlson Tele-
phone Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y., makes the
building and operating of such lines a very
simple and inexpensive proposition. No better
instruments and ao'^aratus are built, and the
testimonials of hundreds of users prove that
the success of their lines is due to the supe-
riority of Stromberg-Carlson telephones. They
are simple, do not get out of order, or re-
quire experts to operate them. They axe built
for durability and efficiency.

The Stromberg-Carlson Company will be
glad to hear from farmers everywhere who are
interested in knowing more about telephones
anu how to build and operate farm lines.
They have a lot of valuable information
which they will be glad to send free to farm-
ers. Write for it. and please mention the
American Bee Journal when writing.

■**«l% B66-SllDDll6S!

Discount for Earlij Orders

We carry a larpe stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have onr Frbb Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc

WRITE AT ONCB FOR CATALOG

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., I,incoln,NeD.; Shagart & Onren, Council Bluffa.Iowa;
Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

Plei'oe Tnenuon Bee Joamal -when wrlUng

Louis flanssen's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEWIS CO.'S

B-WARE

I<owest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

Davenport. Iowa, 213-215 ¥.2(1 St

Please mention the Bee Journal.

36A26t

4!2DISG0UnU0F6D.lSt

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

48Atf

LANSING. MICH.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Caab.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Please mentlOTi Bee ioama.! -wnen -wrltto*

Important to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the l;ind of goods you want.
They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
I Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

ijJOSEPH NYSEWANDER sTs'/J'eTwn'th st. Des Moines. Iowa

8\;-— uRst

Heaae mention Bee Jotxroal -when vritiiie,

^ BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

-SEND TO THE-

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders till Jan. 1,1905.

Please mention Bee Jonmal -when wntlnp,

156

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

'< If goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder.'

r

§ -^ BEE-SUPPLIES

#»

Rooii's Goods at Root's rnces

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers. ma

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. JS

I<ow Freight Rates --- Catalosr Free W

0-«^^^HK' t-v^uL»cK o nwi-<ic*-JAK». ir'rompt service. |i^

._ ^^^^^^ L,ow Freig-ht Rates Catalog Free V

8 »♦ 8

|\ You are entitled to Special Discounts for Early Orders till April first. »1

h WALTER ^rOUDER, h

X 513-S15 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. N

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION

IS THE BEST

Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES.
EARLY ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES.

Wholesale and Retail. ^

Working- Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. 2

E. Gramger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. 0

OUS DITXJMER, Augusta, Wis. §

TELEPHONES

For Farmers

The man who wants to know
ALL about telephones for farm
era should send for free book
F- 80. •' Telephone Facts for
Farmers." Address nearest office

Strombere-CarUon Tel. Co.
Roohcwter, N'. \.. Clilcago, IIL

^ I O-80 F«(r
I ^ 200 Egq
•INCUBATOR

Perfect in coDstroctioo and
RCtioQ. Datcbes ererj fenUv
egg. Write for catalog to-da;

GEO. n. STAHL, Quincy, III,

Please mention iiee Jouma.* wn«u wTitin^^

THE BEST THERE IS.

Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealiog people, want the BEST of goods, the BEST of
service in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and the BEST of everything connected
with getting their Supplies; the VERY BEST that can possibly be given for the money is
necessary to give entire satisfaction and what all shonld have.

To absolutely please bee-keepers in filling their wants has been our constant aim for
eight years, and while we do not boast about ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by
nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fail to write to us and tell us your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis' Qoods at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL DISCOUNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. S

ourHI'V'ES aivd SEOTIOlSrS 8

Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material. 8

By sending in your order no-w, you will, SAVE MONEY, and 0

secure prompt shipment. 6

We will allow you a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent in during January. M

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wi5. "s.a |

mies of bees from the edges of the frame
without any qualms of feeling other than
enough to cause him to seek methods of
handling such frames so as to reduce this
killing to a minimum.

I have trailed out this reply too much, but
wish as a parting shot to say to Mr. Learner
that he has misinterpreted my "one and a
half advantages". The "closed-end" has
many advantages, and of all of these only
one and a half are possessed by the '* Hoff-
man".

It may interest you to have me state that I
looked into my observatory hives to-day and

A MUSICAL NOTE.— Twenty years of
successful business with a record of contin-
uous growth and expansion certainly signifies
something. It means that merit and fair
dealing must have been back of every tran-
saction. Twenty years ago there was estab-
lished in Cleveland, Ohio, a music house, by a
practical music man witli a fixed determination
to build success strictly on quality. To sell
only the highest class of goods at as low a
price as such goods could possibly be sold
for direct to the customer, with only one
small pront from maker to user.

Being a practical man he knew that Musical
Instruments cannot be judged from the out-
side. Their merit is on the inside, and un-
less made with care will be without quality,
while they may look all right. His success
and the fact that he daily receives cash
orders from all over the world proves that
his instruments are made with the case that
is required to give them true musical quality,
as well as handsome appearance.

H. E. McMillin, Cleveland, Ohio, manu-
factures, imports and retails "Everything
MUSICAL." Therefore his customers get the
goods direct from headquarters, with the
guarantee that they will be just as satisfactory
as if the customer came direct to the store
and made his purchase in person. Mr. Mc-
Millin looks back over his twenty prosperous
years with pardonable pride, and forward to
the future for a continuation of his business.
His numerous customers always have a good
word for his house. Mr. McMillin makes it
a point to have every customer a pleased, sat-
isfied customer. Write to him for catalogs
of anything you may need in the music line,
and you will readily understand why his busi-
ness has grown to such proportions. Please
mention the American Bee Journal when writ-
ing.

Feb. 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

157

i

i

A SOLID FOUNDATION

MEANS

A SOLID HOUSE.

f
^

Solid, Straight, Weil-Built Combs. ^

i DADAKT'S FOUIiDATIOI t

i

^ iio,ooo Pounds """;„' 1904.""" J^

^ Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-Keepers' SnpHies 1^

/ «««» OF ALL KINDS. W

^ BEESWAX WANTED at all times. Wf\c{f\t\\ Sc ^flflC /

!^ "" "

BEESWAX WANTED at all times.
Send for our 1905 Catalog.

Dadant & Sons w.

HAMILTON, ILL. K

^S?^. •" 1000; Con-

Hardy vaiietleB; yield

TREES THAT GROW x«>'-.»<'^ h^

'm' ^.y' e per 100. We
,',^S^43?/ pay the freight.
Apple, 4J-ic; Budded yV^jJsJ/' Catalog, English
Peach, SMc I Black ••yA'^ or German, free.
Locust Seei XA^'S'/ GERMAN MURSERIES

ingB, ^«1 per

Boi 99, Beatrice, Neb.

Please mention Bee Joomaa -nrtien ^irntuL^

STANDARD

Poultry AND

Ree SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

60-page Illustrated Catalog will be out
Feb. 1. Send your name for one.

GRIGGS: BROS,

531 Monroe Street,
TOIjESDO, OHIO.

could see only one dead bee in one hive, and
none in the other. In the closed porch out-
side the entrances were 15 dead bees. These
bees have not flown since Nov. 19. What does
this say for wintering bees in observatory
hives? Allbn Latham.

New London Co,, Conn., Feb. 10.

▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ ▼!

4A23t Please mention the Bee JonrnaU

Controlling Bee-Paralysis.

The report ot the 35th annual convention
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association held
at St. Louis is a good one, and I read the re-
port on bee-paralysis with much interest. I
thinl; I can throw a little light on keeping
the disease under control.

Late in October, 1902, 1 found a bee-tree.
The bees were 2 and 3 banded, and I trans-
ferred them into a movable-frame hive, and
fed them up well. They came out in spring
in good condition, and I increased them to 5
colonies. All 4 of the queen's daughters pro-
duced paralytic bees, and the old queen's
progeny showed symptoms ot the disease.
Although the malady was hardly noticeable in
spite of the immense number of bees dying at
each hive-entrance, they went into winter
quarters in good condition, and all came out
fair colonies in the spring. One of them
dwindled to nothing a month after being put
out. The grass would be full of dying bees,
and they would crawl out of the hives, some
of them to die, and others would lay around
the entrance on their backs for hours, with
their legs quivering.

Just as soon as I could get queens I re-
queened the other 3 colonies, having for
queens daughters of the old paralytic queen,
before they got to rearing drones.

I allowed the colony containing the old
paralytic queen to swarm once, hiving the
new swarm and queen on the old stand. I
put the parent colony on a new stand, and
cut out all qucen-cells and drone-brood, giv-
ing them a ;UBen-cell from a healthy colony.
The old Queea being a very prolific one, I did
not like to kill her, although she perished the

THE LITTLE WEATHER COCK.— This
is the very appropriate name that Mr. Geo.
H. Stahl has given to an entertaining, inter-
esting little novelty which he will send free
to any of our subscribers. It is a very fetch-
ing and saucy looking little rooster, so dressed
that the color of its clothes foretells the
weather — dry, wet or changing. It is a scien-
tific weather forecasting device. Mr. Stahl

will send one free to any of our subscribers
who will write to him for it, enclosing six
cents for postage and packing and mentioning
this paper. He will also send one of his new,
large, illustrated Catalogs of the famous Ex-
celsior Incubators and the Wooden Hens,
which he has manufactured for the past twen-
ty years. His advertisement will be found
elsewhere in this paper. Address Geo. H.
Stahl, Quincy, III., and do not forget to
mention the American Bee Journal when writ-
ing.

158

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23. 190S

following winter with her colony. I have
seen nothing of the paralysis since 1 got rid
of those bees.

I don't believe bee-paralysis is a contagious
disease, but I do believe it is hereditary. I
would advise any bee-keeper who has the
disease running through his apiary to requeen
all colonies with queens which he knows are
free from the disease, and mated to drones
that are also tree from it

Frank Stoplet.

"Wood Co., Wis., Feb. 2.

Disposing of the Honey Crop at
Home.

On page 51 expressions are called for from
those who have been successful in selling
their crops of honey in the home market.
With the exception of one year I have sold
mine at home for 30 years. The comb honey
I sell at 10 cents per pound, the chunk honey
at 9 cents, and the extracted at 8 cents.

My crop tor 1904 was 1500 pounds, the least
1 have ever harvested. The most for any year
was 4000 pounds. I aim to keep 35 colonies.

There are so many ways to begin that I
can't explain all of them. The one I prac-
ticed most was always to have samples of
honey with me, and not miss a chance to have
people taste it, especially the children, for
they almost always want more. Now, after
25 to 30 years those same children have
homes of their own, and still have a taste for
honey, and don't forget where to get it.

To illustrate: Years ago one little girl
asked a good many questions about honey,
and insisted on her folks buying once in a
while. She is now married and lives in Kan-
sas. Every fall she sends an order for honey,
and knows just what to ask for. I have
many such customers all through interesting
the children.

Beginners sometimes think that the trade
must all be worked up in one year. It is im-
portant to remember that it takes time, with
lots of vim and push, to be successful.

As to packages, my standard for comb is 5-
section cases (4}-|x4i^xl%), always sold by
the pound or by weight; for chunk honey 3-
quart pails which hold about 10 pounds, and
extracted in 3-quart pails holding about 10}4
pounds. One should know what kind of
packages best suit his class of customers, and
how to put them up, and must keep every-
thing clean and neat. J. H. Shedbnhelm.

Iowa Co., Iowa, Feb. 2.

Selling Small Honey-Crops In tlie
Home Market.

As I have not written to the " Old Reliable "
for some time, J would like to give my experi-
ence in selling small honey crops in the home
market, called for on page 51.

I began keeping bees in 1895 with one col-
ony which I have increased to about 60. I
have buckets that hold 10, 25, and 50 pounds,
respectively. I do not take the honey on the
street in large quantities to sell it, but I take
orders from house to house, then fill the or-

SCIENCE VS. NATURE.— Among the
many enterprises connected with the large and
ever-increasing poultry industry of the coun-
try, perhaps none is of greater importance
than the manufacture of hatching machines,
or incubators, as they are commonly called.
The brains and inventive genius expended m

perfecting: the practical utility of these ma-
chines is evidenced by the surprising results
which some of them achieve. In fact, such
a close approach to natural conditions com-
bined with commercial practicability has been
attained that the "settin' hen" has been al-
most crowded out of business, even among
the smaller poultry-raisers, while among the
larger farms artificial incubation has reached
huge proportions and is used exclusively. To
meet these demands many different machines
are offered, each claiming peculiar merit.
Among these the Ormas Incubator, manufac-
tured by L. A. Banta, of Ligonier. Ind., oc-
cupies a prominent place. The Ormas line,
which includes Brooders also, are models or
scientific efSciency and judging from the testi-
mony of those who use them, give good satis-
faction. Mr. Banta sends a beautifully illus-
trated catalogue, containing full description
and nrices, free to .all who request it. Please
mention the American Bee Journal when writ-
ing. Address, L. A. Banta, Ligonier, Ind.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring convention in the Mayor's
OfEce, City and County Building, April 7, at 10
a.m. All are invited. Matters of great interest
to bee-keepers, and horticulturists will be con-
sidered. Cache Valley's experience of killing
the bees by poison spraying in the bloom mast
not be repeated. Jot down yonr ttaongbts on
this or any other question, and bring or mail
the same. G. E. Gakrett, Sec.

E. S. LovKSY, Pres.

SE.EJD CORN

I "Edge drop" planters are no good unleSB the
teed IB ot even oize and perfect shape. 1 breed
corn with perfect and uniform kernels and 1
Krade all my shelled seed with a specially con-
structed mill that throws out every uneven,
round or thick kernel better than you could

I possibly do It by hand. Every kernel must be

I just like every other — even, flat, just right.

I That means even, accurate planting and a per-
fect stand. Notrouble, no delay AU my shelled
seed is screened this way, a feature no other
seed man can offer. Samples and catalog free.

Htai? Htid, Stidiman, Boi SO, SiMuadoah. lowi

' •'T^*eartt9doc1h^man.'' --

^ PROGRESS^

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best
all-aronnd 50-cent monthly bee-jonrnal
in America. On trial 3 months for this
ad. with 10 cents. Clubbed with this pub-
lication both for one year for $1.25; or
send ns 25 cents for a 3 months' trial and
your name and address on a 2-linc rub-
ber stamp; self-inking pad. 25c extra.
Or send $1.00 and get The Rural Bee-
Keeper and an Untested Italian Queen-
Bee. Sample copy free. Agents get lib-
eral terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee-Hives

And sells them at reasonable prices.
New catalog now ready. Address,
V. H. PUTNAM.
Dept. so-C. River Falls, Wis,

lAtf

Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

For Qoeens

SEND TO

OOHN W. PHARR

Berdalr. Tex.

O He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
$G;'.15 lor $8.35; 25 for $12.50; 100 tor $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

Ufnnfoii Man 20 to 30 years old capable of
ndilbOU taking charge of an apiary of 200
colonies. Can give employment balance of year
collecting and soliciting for lumber and coal.
In answcrintr give reference and salary ex-
pected. TRESTER SUPPLY CO. LINCOLN NEB
6Atf Please mention the Jiee Jonrnal.

ders and deliver them later. In this way I
can sell more honey and give better satis-
faction than in any other way. I guarantee
every pound of my honey, and agree to re-
fund money for any that is not as I represent it.

1 talk bees and honey whenever I have an
opportunity, and exhibit bees at the county
" Trades' Day ". I have taken every pre-
mium on bees, wax, and honey that has been
offered there since the Trades' Day was or-
ganized. Why? First, because I keep the
best bees; second, because I have the best -
honey ; and, third, because I take more pains
with my apiary than any other man in thi&
county, I show the bees and honey to every
one who comes to the house, and in this way
they become interested.

I have the 5,?^-inch deep extracting-frame,
and use the Cowan extractor. No. 1". When
filling orders, after having extracted some
honey, I fill the buckets just as full as I can
with comb, and then let enough extracted
honey run in the pail to cover the comb.
Then I put 2 or 3 sheets of nice paper over
the honey, put on the lid, and the honey is
ready for delivery; and when I reach the
customers' homes the honey is just as nice as
it was when I left home. I sometimes open a
bucket and let people see and taste ot it, and
thus make satisfactory sales. Sometimes I
get a new order from a lady who may be vis-
iting where I am delivering the honey.

I can not produce enough honey to supply
my trade, and orders are coming in from
other cities. I sell it at home for 10 cents
per pound, but when I take it to the market I
charge 12J.2 cents in small quantities. When
50 to 100 pounds are taken, I sell at 10 cents
per pound.

Bee-keepers are doing harm here by not
working together. Some of them bring nice
honey into town and sell it tor whatever price
the merchant will offer for it. Then there are
others that take no special interest in the
bees, and bring old black combs to the market
which will discourage one from ever wanting
to see any more honey. These are some of
the things that I have to contend with.

M. H. SOSSAMAN.

Franklin Co., Ark., Jan. 30.

A 20TH CENTURY WONDER. — The
Cycle Hatcher, a metal machine for hatch-
ing chickens, is styled a 20th Century Wonder.
It embraces features not found in any other
machine and is a new departure in the incu-
bator world. It was designed to take the place
of the hen, and is offered as an improvement
over wooden machines, embodying principles
that cannot be attained with a wooden con-
struction. . J V

Being made entirely of metal and asbestos
it is absolutely fireproof, will not swell or
shrink, and is not affected by varying condi-
ditions of atmosphere, as wooden machines are.
It is the result of years of experiments con-
ducted by a practical poultryman with an am-

bition. His ambition was two-fold; he wanted
to make a metal machine that would get nearer
to the mother-hen conditions in the hatching
process, and then he wanted to be able to sell
that machine for $5.00. Five dollars is a
nice, easy price to pay; it's even money, and,
while it don't leave the manufacturer much
profit, he figured that people could afford to
buy several of them. In fact, his experience
with hatching machines convinced him that
three 50-epg incubators were better than one
with 150-egg capacity. His reasons for this
are interesting, and fully set forth in the
catalog advertising his machine.

The Cycle Hatcher, sold for $5.00, is a
complete machine, and includes everything
necessary to hatch eggs but the oil. It is
made by the Cvcle Hatcher Company, of
Salem, N. Y., who would like to place a copy
of their new catalog in the hands of every
noultry-raiser and everybody interested in
hatching chickens. They will send it free to
all applicants; simply mention the American
Bee Journal when you write.

Feb. 23. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

159

B66SilWli6Sl

Guaranteed Superiority ! v

LowesRnc6§

We have been making- Bee-
Mives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The AmericanBee Keeper

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years. )
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN. N.Y.

FIGHTING WAS KEEN.— St. Louis. Dec.
1. — "The friendly competition" entered into
by the world's manufacturers at the Exposi-
tion has turned into a regular free-for-all fight,
and its fury has centered around the type-
writer award, which was finally decided today
when the Exposition officially awarded the
Oliver Typewriter the gold medal as a mark
of its practical superiority. Each exhibitor
presented a score of claims why he should get
honors as against all comers, and the compe-
tition became so keen that each firm felt the
entire standing of their business was tied up
in the receipt of the prized medal. All the
typewriter exhibitors being American, they
displayed a spirit of Yankee fight that made
decision hard. Some of them even went so
far as to anticipate results, and announced
several weeks ago that they had won in the
contest, though the official award was only
made today, and as a result the Oliver Type-
writer people are being congratulated on win-
ning a great victory. — Special to Chicago
Evening Post.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts to many times
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Lice — the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A t-ial 10c box will
prove It. 100 cz.. by express, $1.00.

O. K. STOCK FOOD CO..

D.J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bldg., Chlcaeo. lit.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigaing, baying or selling, consuU

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

Headquarters for Bee^Supplies

COIPLETI STOCK FOS 1905 HOW ON ttSi.
FBEIGHT RATES rEOM CncmiTI AEE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders tor GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

I^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

^oney anb
4- Becstpax-f

Chicago, Feb. 8 —The trade In honey is still
below the normal in volnme with prices an-
changed, except that the pressure on the part
of the holders to realize is more argent. Fancv
white comb honey, 12K@13c; No. 1, I2c; off
grades, 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@7c, ac-
cording to flavor, qnality and package; any-
thing off is lower; amber grades, 5H@6Mc.
Beeswax, 30c per pound, if clean and good color.

R. A. BUKKBTT & Co.

Boston, Feb. 8— Sales of honey still continue
light, principally on account of the extreme
cold weather which we are having. On account
of the large stocks in hand, prices that we have
quoted are shaded in round lots. Fancy white,
15@16c; A 1, ISc; No. 1, 14c. Extracted, from
6@7c, as to quality. Blakb, Scott & Lbb,

Kansas City, Jan. 9.— The demand for comb
honey still continues light, as most of the re-
tail dealers were stocked up on $2.25 honey be-
fore the holidays, two cars of which were sold
here at that time. We look for a better market
in the near future, and quote; Fancy comb,
24-section cases, $2.50; No. 1, $2.25. Extracted,
white, per pound, 6@6Jic; amber, 5M@6c. Bees-
wax, No. 1, 28@30c. C. C. Clbmohs & Co.

Cincinnati, O., Feb. 7.— Comb honey is now
coming in more freely, and prices if anything
have moderated a little. The sales made and
prices obtained were for No. 1 fancy water-
white comb, 12tol3}^c; single cases, I4c. Ex-
tracted is sold as follows: White clover, in
barrels, iHc; in cans, 7K@8c; amber, in bar.
rels, 5K@5!{c; in cans, 6@>6^c. Beeswax, 27c.
C. H. W. Wbbek

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD nANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

Please mentton Bee Journal -wben wTitmg

Philadblphia, Feb. 8.— The market of all
grades of comb honey continues rather weak
and trading li^ht, with a good supply on hand.
We quote: Fancy white, 15@16c; No. 1, 13@Uc;
amber, H(9l2c Extracted, white, 7@8c; amber,
6@7c. Beeswax, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Cincinnati, Feb. 17.— The demand for honey
at the present time is like business— frozen.
Nevertheless, we are looking forward to a
brighter future. We quote amber extracted
honey in barrels and cans at6fG6)^c, respect-
ively; white clover at 7@8c.

The conditions of the comb honey market are
aught but encouraging, owing to the vast
amount of Western comb honey that is being
consigned at almost any price. We quote fancy
white at 12@13c, with but few sales. Beeswax,
27c. Thb Fkbd W. Muth Co.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market doll
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates aud cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12@13c;
mixed, lOcillc; buckwheat, 10@Uc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6Hc; white,
6@6^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Feb. 8.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber,8*10c. Extracted,
white, 6@6« cents; light amber, 4)i@5)<c; am-
ber, 3%@4Kc; dark amber, 3@3;ic. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Market is quiet and easy in tone, especially
for amber grades, stocks of which are fairly
liberal, and include several lots of Hawaiiai
Island product. There is not much strictly
choice water-white honey offering.

Nbw York, Feb. 8.— The market is decidedly
dull on comb honey and very little moving,
with plentiful supply. We quote: Fancy white
comb, 14c; No. 1, 13c; amber, lie; dark, 9@10c.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and prices
remain about the same. Beeswax steady and
in good demand at 29c

HlLDRBTB lb SBGBLKBN.

Bees For Sale.

85 colonies, mostly pure Italians, Moore's
strain. Inx-fr. dovetailed hives; hives as g^ood
as new. Must be sold before spring-. Write at
once if you want a barg-ain. Bees are in fine
shape. No disease or foul brood.

H. E. JOHNSON, QraeUinger, Iowa.

Please mentioii Bee Journal
when writiue advertisers.

160

THE AMEI(ICAM BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 23, 1905.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

I WATER TO WN^

MAKES THE FINEST

WIS*

Send for Catalog
containing 88 pages devoted

.TO.

BEE SUPPLIES

Free for the asking.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WISi

IWATCRTOWN,

MAKES THE FINEST

LEWIS' GOODS

AKE TH£ BEST EN THE WOKLD

and cost uo more than any other standard make.
Whether jou receive them in the dead of winter or when your bees are swarming in the summer time

they will always fit accurately.

Established
30 Years

#

EVERYTBING

KNOWN TO THE

BEE-KEEPER

AlUAL OUT-PUT
20 million

Sections

100 thousand

HIVES

I 1=2 Story Wisconsin Hive.

Supers arranged for \%-x.\yi sections. This is only one of the many styles of hives we carry which can be found

in our Catalog.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEJ/VARE

IWA TER TO t^^. W Y I ^J -
MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS CO.

Watertown,Wis.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

[WA TERTO '^'^ W I ^^ ^

MAKES THE FINEST

"(^ C^ ^

Bee Journal

45th Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 2, 1905.

No. 9.

^ r

B. A. MORGAN.

'

jI^^I^ fjfli

^,^

M

Jf S 3^

w* i 11

H

H

H

^

1

1

hi

Apiary of F. C. Smith & Son, Pierce Co., Wis.

(See pa^e 164).

Dr. D. R. Emmons, of Champaign Co., Ohio,
Holding a Swarm.

»^4

Clay Co., South Dakota, Fair Apiarian Exhibit,
shown Sept. 20, 1904.

Home Apiary of E. E. Butcher, of Bent Co., Colo.

162

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2, 19C'5.

6orr6SDon06n66 Course in Bee Culture.

Last fall we announced this course and made a special offer to students for early enrollment. We have secured quite
a number of students, but nearly every one of these wants to continue his own bee-keeping so that we find ourselves with-
out a sufficient number to recommend to parties wanting help in their yards.

We have inquiries now for help from a number of States — California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Pennsylva-
nia, Michigan, and other States. See what one of our students says :

The a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. La Costa, Texas, Jan. 28, 1905.

Dear Sirs; — I am very grateful for the 1905 edition of the " A B C of Bee Culture ". I am highly pleased with your instructions in your
Correspondence Course. It brings out points the amateur could never find by reading bee-books as it gives the essential parts in rotation so to
explain them understandingly. It is like having a teacher or trying to study oS-hand. Saving so much time and getting the foundation
started right is half the battle. I hope to be an expert bee-keeper some day. Should I fail I certainly could not blame you. Everything bear-
ing your name is first-class. May you ever prosper and live long to instruct us. With best wishes, Yours truly, W. R. Hesseew.

Send for our prospectus, or, better still, send us your order with $10.00, for which we will send you :

Complete Course of 17 Lessons.
Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 Year.
1 A B C of Bee Culture.

We give in addition personal answers to as many questions as the student desires to ask, either on bee culture, loca-
tions, help, honey markets, or, in fact, any subject relating to bee-keeping. We know where many good locations are yet
untouched ; where the good honey markets are ; who is needing help, and hundreds of other things that the bee-keeper
wants to know. We can't tell you these things unless you ask. If you have hesitated to ask us, thinking we could not
well afford to give time to answer your questions, enroll in our Correspondence Course. Never mind if you have been a
bee-keeper for 20 years. If you do not need the lessons, the information we can give you by mail on a variety of topics
will more than pay you. Let us show you one case :

A party became interested in bee-culture a few years ago and set about to build up a large apiary. He succeeded
remarkably well, but paid little or no attention to the honey markets, his time being taken up with other matters. The
third season he produced a very large crop of honey (150,000 pounds) and being unacquainted with the markets, he sent it
for sale to a large city, to a house no more familiar with the honey markets than he. It appears that they sold it at any
price they could get, for he told us later that the information we g-ave him of another market would have saved him over
a thousand dollars on the one sale. (He hadn't asked us for it, but learning of the situation we wrote him, but too late ;
the sale had been made.) Perhaps the American Bee Journal readers think they would not be benefited. We assure you
there are dozens of ways in which you can be helped.

Here is what one of our customers thinks of our " A B C of Bee Culture ", which is included with the course :

.WAi*- .*^- V4>r. .^^y. .«'Air. .WAir. .WAir. aAir,

" After looking through the 1905 ' A B C of Bee Culture', just received to-day, I told
Mrs. C. I would not take S25.00 for it if I could not get another copy. — P. F. Conklin,
Elmira, N. T."

Xhe ]\ew Edition (1905) '• A B C of Bee Cultnre '
postpaid, if ordered alone.

is $1.30,

And another customer speaks thus of Gleanings in Bee Culture :

Danville, N. J., Dec. 12, 1904.
Dear Sir :— You ask if I have found " Gleanings " a good investment, and I can truly say the investment has not only been good, but
very good. Although I do not keep bees for profit at this writing, but hope to at some future time, will say that I am trying to learn all I can
about the subject, and " Gleanings " adds more ideas to my limited store of knowledge than any other publicatioo I receive. All the depart-
ments treated in this semi-monthly paper are very interesting to me, and I get anxious to see its pages when the date arrives for its appearance.

Yours truly, Ralph P. Fisher.

Don't you think $10.00 is a smaii price for wiiat we are offering you ?

Oleanlngs (semi-monthly, 53 pag-es) is $>1.00 per year ii ordered alone.

THE -A.. I. PLOOT 003V.lP>.A.2Sr'y,

MEDINA, OHIO.

i

9)&&&&&&&&&&&€i&&^S^@^^@^S&^&&&e&&*9'&&e&&&&&&&&e'&&&i

'J861 >^

Entered at the Poet-OfEce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Mailer.
Published Weekly at 81«00 a Tear by Ceorge W^. Tork & Co., 334 Uearbom St.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 2, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No, 9,

=^

(Ebttortal rtotes
anb (Eomments

=/

Advertising the Value and Uses of Honey.

We believe il was at the Denver National convention, in 1903, that
the advertising of the value and uses of honey was first discussed
publicly. Since then more or less has been said and written about it.

At the Wisconsin convention at Madison, in February, 1904, we
read a paper on this subject, but it never appeared in print, for the
reason that it was burned among other papers in the fire that swept
away the ofUce and factory of Secretary Dittmer. When Secretary
Brodbeck invited us to furnish a paper for the St. Louis National
convention, and to select our own subject, we quite naturally took up
the honey-advertising question again, and tried to write as best we
could on it.

The more we think on this subject the more we are convinced that
the thing for bee-keepers to do in order to overcome the apparently
stagnated honey market, especially in the larger cities, is to do some
good advertising of honey. The fact is, most people are afraid to buy
honey. They have so often read the infernal lies about comb honey
being manufactured that they have come to believe them true. Also,
they think that all the extracted honey found on the market is adul-
terated.

Now, what is to be done to counteract the effect of the misrepre-
sentations about honey that have been going the rounds of the news-
paper press for nearly 25 years? What can be done to get the great
consuming public to regain confidence in honey? Our answer to
these two questions is, Advertise !

" Oh, but that will cost lots of money !" some one says. Surely,
it will. But il will cost a lot more in loss by a continuation of the
present low prices on honey, or no sales at all, than it will ever cost to
put the advertising idea into effect.

What if 5000 or 10,000 bee-keepers should each pay $1.00 each
(6om^ would pay more) within the next 30 days, for the purpose of
advertising the great value of honey as a food, in say two of the lead-
ing daily newspapers of New Tork, Chicago, Cincinnati, Boston and
Philadelphia— don't you think the good effect would be felt very soon?
We believe it would. And the newspapers that nilverlised the Inilh
about honey would perhaps not be so likely to publish false state-
ments about honey very soon.

We believe this is the "next move" on the honey-producers'
checker-board.

Sugar-Feeding Among Bee-Keepers Denounced.

In the December number of the American Bee-Keeper Arthur C.
Miller denounces sugar-feeding in such vigorous style as to warrant
the editor in giving the sub-head, " Baneful Results of the Practice
Forcibly Presented ". Seven pages farther along in the same journal,
L. E. Kerr, M. D., says, " All intelligent bee-men now rely to a great
extent upon the sugar-barrel '". Which raises a question as to Mr.

Miller's intelligence; although he may console himself with the
thought that " there are others " lacking in intelligence in the same
way.

One part of Mr. Miller's argument that may well be pondered,
reads as follows :

Suppose it is possible to so feed the bees that all of the syrup is
consumed and that none of it goes into the surplus; the average con-
sumer won't believe it. It maybe said the consumer does not know.
Perhaps not in many cases, but he does in others, and suspects all.
Then if he asks the bee-keeper what is the result? We know that
the small amount of syrup that gets into the honey from stimulative
feeding (when this is carefully and honestly done) is small indeed.
But there are the looks of the thing, and the name of it, and such a
name does not react to our advantage.

But none too few among us are careful with stimulative feed-
ing, and as for fall feeding they crowd the brood-chamber with food.
Any one who is familiar with the various feeding systems advocated is
well aware that most of them afford ample opportunity for some of
the syrup to get into the honey. If there is a probability or a possi-
bility of any being there, then the bee-keeper can not honestly say
that his honey is absolutely pure. And until we can say that, we can
not raise our hands or voices against others who buy our honey and
then add more syrup of some kind.

Do Bees Starve or Freeze ?

Entire unanimity as to the answer is lacking. There are some
who are very positive that a colony of bees never dies from cold, and
it seems that a diametrically opposite view is also held. C. H. Oldham,
in the British Bee Journal, asserts, as a fa;t, " that when bees have
consumed all their winter stores, they do not die of starvation, but of
cold ". As proof of the assertion, he says that on a number of occa-
sions during the past year he has found bees apparently dead, their
stores all gone, yet upon warming them up they revived, and were all
right after being fed. His argument seems to be that as feeding did
not and could not restore them so long as the cold remained, it could
not be a case of starvation ; and as warming could and did revive
them, it was cold that sent them into their temporary death — a death
that would have become permanent if the cold had been continued.

Pear-Blight and the Bees.

A paper upon "Pear-Blight in Northern California ", published
in the Newcastle News, has been sent to this oflSce by H. Vogeler.
The writer, Prof. Ralph E. Smith, of the State University, paints a
vivid picture of the terrible ravages of the disease, and wisely urges
that thorough investigation of it be made under the auspices of the
State. In the course of his paper he says :

Infection takes place largely in the blossoms, whither the germs
of the disease are brought by bees and other insects."'

He quotes from a recent publication the following statement :

" Spraying, fumigating, and all other external remedies are utterly
worthless, as the disease is in the sap-wood of the tree, protected from
all external influences."

In this statement he thinks too much is taken for granted, and
proceeds to argue in favor of the possibility of efficacious spraying
after the following fashion :

" If, then, we may well ask, the disease is ' protected from all ex-
ternal agencies', and its germs on that account not to be reached by
any spray or similar treatment, how does the honey-bee obtain such
germs to carry to the blossoms? Why, then, if the germ of pear-
blight is accessible to the honey-bee, is it so certain that a proper

164

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2, 190S.

spray, at the proper time, might not reach and destroy the same
source ot infection?"

The gist of the argument is this: The disease is brought by bee
and conveyed through the blossoms ; therefore timely spraying of th^
blossoms must be of value in combating the disease. That is, the
guilt of the bee is assumed as a fact, and the efficacy of spraying is
sought to be built upon that fact. But is it not possible that the facts
are the other way? Has the guilt of the bee ever been proven ? Is it
anything more than a theory? Is not the failure of spraying the fact?
Has not spraying been tried, and has it not failed?

The following argument is commended to Prof. Smith : There
has never been any direct proof that bees convey the disease through
the blossoms, and the fact that spraying as a remedy has been found
worthless is proof that such conveyance of the disease by the bees is
not possible. ___^________

Preservatives Not Allowed In Honey.

We find the following paragraph in Gleanings in Bee Culture,
which we think every bee-keeper should read and heed:

PRESERVATIVES NOT ALLOWED FOR PREVENTING GRANULATION.

Dealers over the country should understand that putting small
Quantities of preservatives such as salicylic or phosphoric acid, or even
fflvcerine, in honey to keep it from candying will, in all probability,
cause it to be classed by chemists and food commissioners as adul-
terated and subject the seller of such goods to a fine. One such case
occurred this summer, where a dealer put a small quantity of phos-
ohoric acid in honey — not to adulterate it, hesaid, but to keep it in a
liauid condition. Whether it would or not I do not know, but the
Dure-food commissioner got hold of a sample of this, had it analyzed,
and the dealer was notified to discontinue the sale ot all such honey,
which he did. If preservatives were permitted for the purpose of pre-
venting granulation this might ooen the door wide to fraud ; and it is
well perhaps, that the commissioners and chemists should declare that
all such honeys be classed as adulterated.

It seems to us that bee-keepers, above all others, should not in-
dulge in adulterating honey. It is better to educate the public to
know that pure honey iMI granulate than to mix some foreign sub-
stance with it in order to try to prevent natural granulation.

Zniscellaneous
Hctps •^ 3 terns

Secretary Geo. W. Brodbeok, of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, passed away in Los Angeles, Calif., on Feb. 6. He had
been sick for some months, as most of our readers know. We hope
soon to publish a biographical sketch of our departed friend and
brother. «..«•••«.

To Our Foreign Subscribers.— It seems necessary at fre-
quent intervals to inform our foreign subscribers— those not entitled
to domestic postal rates-that none of the special offers we make in
the American Bee Journal or elsewhere apply to them. Hence,
whenever we get such order from foreign countries, with a remittance,
we always apply it all on subscription, which is at the rate of SI. 50 a
year to most foreign countries. If foreign subscribers would just
stop a minute to think, they would see that none of our domestic
offers apply to them on account of the extra foreign postage. So by
applying on subscription all the money they send, they get full value
in return even if they do not get a queen, knife, or some other things
we sometimes offer to those living in this or other countries enjoying
domestic postal rates.

The Home Apiary of E. E. Butcher (or at least a corner
ot it), of Bent Co., Colo., appears on the first page. In 1S9.3 there
were 135 colonies in this apiary which produced 17,000 pounds ot
honey, and in 1904 there were 305 colonies which produced 4000
pounds— only about one-fourth of a crop.

R. A. Morgan antl the Clay Co. (So. Dak.) Honey Ex-
hibit.—The picture of the bee and honey display at the Clay Co.,
So. Dak., Fair, held on Sept. 20, 1904, was sent us by Mr. Morgan,
whose picture also appears on the first page. Mr. Morgan was super-
intendent of the exhibit, :ind is the vice-president of the South Dakota
Bee-Keepers' Association. He was on the grounds during the Fair,
giving the visitors, both young and old, a taste of some fine extracted

honey which was put up by himself in 1882, and which had been ex-
posed to all kinds of weather and conditions, and was still very nice.

Mr. Morgan is 49 years of age, and has been in the bee-business
since he was 13. He owned and operated 400 colonies of bees for 5
years in Southern Wisconsin, but went to Dakota 19 years ago, at
which time there was not a head of clover to be found, and he has
lived to see the southern part develop into a beautiful clover-produc-
ing section. Mr. E. A. Morgan, of Wisconsin, a brother of R. A., has
lately joined him, believing that there are greater possibilities in South
Dakota for bee-keeping than in Wisconsin.

Referring again to the honey display, there is shown a large pyra-
mid of choice white clover honey near the center; to the left is a pile
ot choice white honey and dark fall honey. On the right are two
single-comb observatory hives with queens, bees, drones, queen-cells,
honey, and bee-bread. On the sides and top of the pyramid may be
seen a fine display of extracted honey in glass jars, put up during the
past 32 years. On the right of the exhibit is a honey-extractor. At
the back of the honey display is a complete dovetailed hive, bee-
smoker, honey-knife, veil, bee-brush — in short, everything needed in
the apiary. The whole was draped in white and red bunting, and
over all was the large inscription shown in the picture.

The Apiary of F. C. Smith & Son, shown on the first page,
is thus written about by the " Son " of the firm :

Pierce Co., Wis., Jan. 27, 1905.

Dear Editor; — As pa and I are in the bee-business I thought I
would report about our apiary. My pa's name is F. C. Smith. We
have 105 colonies in the cellar, which gave us 6350 pounds of very fine
honey last year. We extract it so the bees lose no time in making
comb. We sell it at 10 cents a pound, or a 13pound can for $1.1.5.

We started with one colony years ago. Not knowing anything
about the work, we sent for the American Bee Journal, and that
helped us out. We could not get along without it, for it is a big help
to us.

I am 15 years old, and can hive bees as well as anybody. I can
walk among them without a veil, and barefooted. They do not very
often sting me, and if they do by mistake, it does not swell and hurt
as some folks say.

I send a picture of our bee-yard and bee-house. The man you se"
is pa, and the little man is myself. Fred Smith.

York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. — This seems to be the
latest. Since Mr. H. M. Arnd purchased our interest In " The York
Honey Co.", about a month ago, he has arranged with the G. B.
Lewis Co., of Wisconsin, to handle their line of bee-keepers' supplies
in Chicago. He has also moved from 101 E. Kinzie St. to 141 & 143
Ontario St., five blocks north ot the Chicago it Northwestern railway
passenger station, and will conduct his business under the name as
given in the first line above.

(Dpintons •:* of
Some (Experts

J

What is Honey?— Some Definitions.

Ques. S2 — What, in your opinion, would be a correct, concise and

comprehensive definition of SONET?

Wm. McEvoy (Ont.)— I don't know.

Jas. a. Stone (111.)— The best ot all sweets.

S. T. Pettit (Ont.)— Nectar of flowers gathered by bees.

First the flowers and then the bees;

No honey on earth except throuKh these.

The term " honey-dew honey " is quite injurious and uncalled for.
" Honey-dew " is good enough for that article. See page 167.

C. H. DiBBERN (111.) — Nectar gathered by the bees from flowers.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.) — Vegetable and similar sweets collected by
bees.

N. E. France (Wis.)— Nectar of flowers and plants, gathered by
bees and stored in honey-comb.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.)— The sweets from natural sources gath-
ered and elaborated by the bees.

O. O. PoppLETON (Fla.) — The nectar ot flowers after having been
gathered and properly manipulated by honey-bees.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — A reducing sugar in solution stored in
comb by the honey-bee. This is the only possible definition. No one

March 2, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

165

can know where the bee secures the nectar, which is changed by the
bees to honey.

G. M. DooLiTTLE (N. Y.)— Honey is the product of the bee from
the saccharine matter as gathered from natural sources.

Dh. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— I would define honey : A saccharine
matter secreted by flowers, gathered and manipulated by bees.

L. Stachelhausen (Tex.) — Honey is a saccharine matter of nat-
ural source, gathered, modified, and stored in the comb by honey-bees.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— A sweet,, thick fluid manufactured
mainly from the nectar of flowers by the bees and deposited in waxen
comb-cells usually in hives.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.) — Nectar gathered by bees, stored and evap-
orated by the general process until it will keep after being sealed over
by them. Otherwise it is not truly " honey ".

C. Davenport (SJinn.) — Certainly nectar gathered by bees from
flowers and plants. Perhaps it should be broader than this, and in-
clude any sweet liquid gathered by bees from flowers, plants, and trees.

Aethub C. Millbb (R. I.)— The nectar of flowers, converted,
thickened and stored by the bees. Possibly it might be well to add
'• sealed ", as often unsealed " honey " is little more than raw nectar.

Eugene Secor (Iowa) — A sweet, watery fluid gathered by bees
from various natural sources, chiefly from the nectaries of flowers,
deposited by them in honey-comb cells, and ripened to the proper
consistency.

P. H. Elwood (N. y.) — Honey is that saccharine part of vegeta-
tion stored by the honey-bee— principally the nectar of flowers, with
the larger portion of the cane-sugar changed to grape sugar in the
process of storage.

R. L. Taylor (Mich.) — Honey is a saccharine, viscid substance
made by bees, by evaporation and other manipulations, from sweetish
liquids already gathered from different sources, but chiefly from the
nectaries of flowers.

G. W. Demabee (Ky.) — Honey is the nectar of flowers (vegetable
bloom) gathered, stored and evaporated to proper consistency by
honey-bees. All " scientific " talk about " rf'fffsto/ nectar " is hhiII-
geMed delusion, as I have proven to my own satisfaction by practical
experiment.

Morgan Bros. (S. Dak.) — 1. Nectar from flowers gathered by
honey-bees, manipulated by them, and stored in their combs and
sealed. 2. A sweet liquid substance gathered from the blooms of
plants by bees, manipulated by them only, and stored in combs and
sealed as its final treatment.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.)— That's a tough one. It should include
all sweets gathered from flowers and other parts of plants, and
possibly should be more inclusive than that ; and it should exclude
anything fed directly by the hand of man except honey itself. To put
that in a concise definition is beyond me.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— I hold that the only true way to look at this
matter is from the standpoint of the honey-producer who harvests
what the bees gather. Nothing fed artificially to bees can be properly
called honey, unless it was lioney when fed. But of the crops harvested
naturally by the bee, we should be very careful in rejecting anything,
even if it is of low quality. See page 166.

E. D. Townsend (Mich.) — Nectar from whatever source, prin-
cipally of flowers, and such other sweets as bees collect from imtaral
sources; digested through the process of evaporation, in the condition
as to body and flavor that it is usually sealed by the bees. Anything
extracted prior to this stage should be sold under another name. This
answer is not scientific, but from a practical bee-keeper's standpoint.

Mrs. J. M. Ncll (Mo.) — Did not Dr. Miller, on page 89, offer to
receive " sealed proposals for a satisfactory definition"? Why not
unburden the problem upon his shoulders? More especially as he is
considered authority, and since he has offered about all there is to
offer, what right have we to show up our frailties? I must confess
those words " correct, concise and comprehensive " just about corner
me. How would " concentrated sweetness " do?

Jas. a. Green (Colo.) — Honey is the liquid gathered by bees
from natural sources and stored in their combs. This may not be nar-
row enough to suit the chemist, but the bee-keeper can not afford to
have the line drawn any closer. If honey containing honey-dew,
fruit-juices and the extra-floral secretions of plants is declared impure,
there is not a bee-keeper in the land who might not at some time be
brought before a court of justice on the charge of selling adulterated
honey.

E. E. Hastt (Ohio)— a delicious, edible sweet, from flowers and
other natural sources, gathered and elaborated by bees. This wora-
ing cuts off all unedible, poisonous and ill-tasting stuffs, even thouffh
bees were guilty of collecting them. It also cuts off the sweets re-
sulting from feeding, except when the substance fed is honey to begin
with. It "splits the difference "on honey-dew, letting in the good
and shutting out the bad. It would be better to let in everything
that can claim to be honey than to try to rule out any pleasant lasting
sweets that bees gather without feeding. A wrong definition of this
kind would make us all evil-doers and law-breakers in spite of our-
selves.

E. S. LovESY (Utah)— Honey is a nectar gathered by the bees
from the flowers, and the only thing that will produce nectar in the
flowers is atmospheric conditions. Through the action of the dews
this nectar becomes a watery substance, though sweet, and the honey-

bee is so created that the liquid passes through what is known as the
tongue into the stomach of the bee, where it is digested. Then it
passes into the honey-sac and is carried to the hive and deposited in
the cell, where it goes through the process of evaporation and is thor-
oughly ripened, after which it is hermetically sealed by the bees. In
this slate it will keep for an indefinite period.

4^ (£ontribiitcb -^
Special Clrticles

^

J

Bee-Keeping in the Southwest.

BV LOUIS H. SCHOLL.
[Continned from page 118.]

IN my previous article nothing- was said about the various
methods of management practiced by some bee-keepers
to hasten the building up of the colonies in early spring,
such as stimulative feeding and spreading brood. Of these,
the latter has been tried thoroughly, while stimulative feed-
ing has never been practiced in my yards, as a slow honey-
flow that we have early in the spring in my locality can
not be improved upon by feeding.

SPREADING BROOD NOT ADVISABLE.

The method of spreading brood in the spring was tried
thoroughly in my own apiaries a number of years ago, but
was discontinued. It may work to advantage in other
localities, and especially in the North, where the colonies
need crowding on account of the shortness of the season,
but in our Southern apiaries, at least, I do not think it
advisable or advantageous.

In my manipulations with the bees it has never seemed
necessary to interfere with the progress of the colonies ex-
cept in a few instances, and with a few colonies when a
change of the combs was of advantage. In colonies that
had in the brood-nest combs filled with honey or pollen
which the bees were slow in removing, and having empty
combs on the outside, perhaps it paid to shift them. This
must be done with care, however, placing the combs on the
outside of the brood-nest in the early spring, as it is of the
utmost importance to keep the brood-nest in as compact
shape as possible. Later in the season an empty comb rnay
be inserted by spreading the brood-nest, and always placing
it between two combs of sealed and hatching brood, so that
the order of the brood-nest will be disturbed as little as pos-
sible. This the bee-keeper, and the beginner especially,
should bear in mind if spreading brood is practiced at all.

PRACTICED ON A LARGE SCALE.

When managing over a thousand colonies of bees in
nine different apiaries for one of our Texas bee-companies
several years ago, I was compelled to practice the method
on a large scale, and as this was after I had given up the
idea in my own apiaries it afforded an excellent opportunity
for noticing more closely the results of such practice.

The manner of procedure was as follows : Beginning
with warm weather in February the colonies were examined
for their condition, amount of brood and stores, and a rec-
ord of this was made. Queenless colonies were either sup-
plied with a queen or united with another colony. Weak
colonies were united, and those short of stores were helped
from stronger ones. Three weeks later another visit was
made to all of the yards. The number of combs containing
brood averaged about five, some of the strongest having
seven. From these one or two combs were drawn and
given to weaker colonies. Then the whole apiary was gone
over and an empty comb was placed on each side of the
brood-nest between the last comb containing brood and the
adjoining comb of honey. In three weeks more this was re-
peated, but an empty comb was also placed in the center of
the brood-nest between two combs of hatching brood. As
soon as the lower combs were occupied with brood, the
queen extended her egg-laying up into the shallow extract-
ing super left on the year around.

Just before the honey-llow in April, all the combs with
unsealed brood in the brood-chamber were placed on the
outside of the brood-nest, and the hatching brood was
shifted to the center. This provided the queen with laying
room and prevented the storing of honey in the outside
combs. Such manipulations put the colonies in an ideal

166

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2. 1905.

shape for the honey-flow, but the many manipulations and
the disturbance to the colonies caused by them seems to be
unsatisfactory.

TOO MUCH WBAR AND TEAR TO THE COLONY.

There is no doubt that more brood is reared by colonies
so manipulated. The spreading of the brood-combs and in-
serting empty ones forced the bees to enlarge the brood-
nest, and the removal of the honey and pollen from the
combs in the rearrangement of the brood-nest stimulated
them._ But while this may have been an advantage in that
way, it, at the same time, was in a large measure a great
disadvantage in a large amount of honey or stores being
consumed, in a great waste of energy, and an unnecessary
amount of wear and tear, resulting in a sacrifice of bee-life,
a comparative depletion of the colony to the increase in
numbers obtained, and leaving the colonies in no better
condition, if as good, as when they are left alone. There is
apparently no advantage gained when practiced in a whole-
sale way, for the extra labor and expense involved, even if
it is done with care and sound judgment in the hands of an
experienced bee-keeper. The difference is not great enough
to warrant its practice, and as this was apparent to the mem-
bers of the firm, the method of spreading brood was put out
of practice.

COMPARED WITH THE LET-ALONE PLAN.

Colonies that were left entirely alone built up stronger
and gave more surplus. A thorough test of this was made
in a yard owned by two assistants in the employ of this same
firm. The brood-nests were all in nice condition, with
good combs and plenty of stores. The shallow extracting
supers were left on the hives and provided room for enlarg-
ing the brood-nest and storing honey that was not needed
in the brood-chamber below. The colonies spread their
brood-nests in a natural way ; they were not disturbed by
unnecessary manipulations, and a good crop of surplus
honey was obtained with a less amount of labor and expense.

Brazos Co., Tex.
[To be continned.]

What is Honey ?-Official Definition.

BY C. P. DADANT.

The official definition of the word "honey" has recently
been submitted to one of the committees of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association of which I am a member. This
definition when once adopted will bar out anything else as
adulteration. But the present proposal would bar honey-
dew. I most emphatically sustain the views expressed by sev-
eral bee-keepers when they ask that the so-called honey-dew
be not excluded from the definition of the word "honey."
The honey-dew in some sections is gathered by the bees
one summer out of every four, at least, and is often mixed
with other honey or nectar from the flowers, in such small
proportion as to make it very injurious to the bee-keeper if
the product had to be discarded. All honey-producers who
are at all acquainted with the low quality of honey-dew
recognize the fact that it must be sold as a very inferior arti-
cle, but there are honeys harvested from the blossoms which
are also low in quality. This honey-dew is a natural product
harvested by the bees in the fields and woods, and it would
be awkward, as well as unjust, to punish a bee-keeper who
sold the natural product of the bees as honey, solely because
It was honey-dew either in part in toto.

The laws of the country are for the protection of both the
producers and consumers, and they cannot be too stringent
oti real adulterations, but they ought to protect and not pun-
ish the honest-producer. I have, myself, harvested tons upon
tons of honey-dew— m one season as much as thirty barrels
of It; I have seen it mixed with tbe finest white clover honey
in all sorts of proportions; but although I recognize its in-
, fenonty, I feel that it is an absolutely legitimate product,
and should be classed as inferior honey. There are many
uses to which it can be put, and its color will always show its
presence m any quantity; for that reason there is no need
of fearmg that any material injury will be inflicted on the
consumers, who can readily ascertain that its flavor, like that
of buckwheat or boneset-honey, forces it in a third or fourth
class position. Tobacconists, bakers, vinegar-makers, etc.,
can use these low grades of honey with more profit than any
of the grades of glucose, the sweetening power of which is
much below that of any grade of honey.

This matter is of some importance and should be thor-
oughly sifted by the bee-keepers. Hancock Co., 111.

Best Size of Hive for Bread-and-Butter Bee-
Keeping.

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

IT has been said that if you want to get the ear of a bee-
keeper, and hold it, you must talk about hives.

In the first place, the majority of writers on the hive
question are too positive in their assertions, or, in other
words, they have had an experience in one locality, per-
haps, with one or two styles or sizes of hives, and have
worked out a system that fits their particular hive and
location, so that it is a practical success in their hands.
What is more natural than that they should cry " Eureka !"
and grab their pen and write to their favorite bee-paper un-
der the bold head-lines, "The Hive Problem Solved at
Last "?

As I am in a liberal frame of mind to-day, I am going
to allow that an experienced bee-keeper can get fair results
with almost any known hive, in any location where there is
nectar to be gathered, of either comb or extracted honey.
Allowing this to be a fact, which I do not think many will
dispute, one can see how easy it is for a bee-keeper who
has had experience with only one or two sizes or styles of
hive, to come to the conclusion that he, as good luck would
have it, has adopted the only good hive, when, really, if he
had started with some other good style or size of hive, he
would have worked out a system that would fit his location
so well that the results would have been about the same. As
a person will get /air results from a hive that is ill adapted
to his location or system, he is quite likely to change that
word fair to good results, and plod on through his bee-keep-
ing experiences, never knowing how much he has been
handicapped by not adopting the hive his location and sys-
tem required for the best results.

STUDY WELL YOUR LOCATION.

In the first place, study well your location, and the time
your main honey-flow commences, whether you will produce
comb or extracted honey, or, if you intend to operate one
home yard, or several out-yards, where no one will be pres-
ent to hive swarms that may appear at any time, espe-
cially would I caution you against taking the advice of any
one who claims that his one size of hive is especially
adapted to all these conditions, for the best results in the
production of honey.

To illustrate : You may- be getting the best results
with the 8-frame L,angstroth hive, with your system and
location, in your home yard, but as soon as you begin to
establish out-yards you might have to sacrifice the advan-
tages of the 8-frame hive and adopt the 10-f rame, on account
of the swarming problem.

Then, the time your main honey-flow commences must
be taken into consideration. I would use just as large a
hive as would breed up and get full of bees so as to be in
good shape to gather honey when the season opens. This
size of hive is all right for either comb or extracted honey,
in the home yard where some one will be present during the
swarming season to take care of any swarms that may ap-
pear. In an out-yard for extracted honey, on the let-alone
system, the hive should be somewhat larger to prevent
swarming.

When I commenced the keeping of bees — in 1876 — like
many others, I suppose, I adopted the hive my neighbors
used. In this case it was the 12-frame Gallup, with the
then popular l>^-inch spacing of the brood-frames. After a
few years I, mith many others, adopted the l-yi spacing. In
my case it was very easy. As our hives were 18^ inches
long inside, all I had to do was to add another brood-comb
to each hive, and it was done. With these 13 Gallup frames
as a brood-nest, I have never found a hive that would pro-
duce more extracted honey than this would in this locality.

Later, as I began to establish out-yards, I found it more
convenient to buy bees in Langstroth hives, mostly in the
S-frame size, so I had quite an experience with this size .
also. But the results were not quite as good as with the 13-
frame Gallup hives. So when I commenced to build new
hives., what would be more natural than that I should build
the Gallup size, in the Langstroth style, which resulted in
the lOframe Langstroth ? Then with my system of tiering
up several stories high, to allow the honey to ripen thor-
oughly on the hive before extracting, the wide, shallow lO-
frame Langstroth style makes a better proportioned hive
than the narrow Gallup or 8-frame Langstroth.

Then for eight or nine years I had 10 Gallup hives with
only 10 frames each. These, as you will notice, were still
smaller than the 8-frame Langstroth — about 100 square

March 2, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

167

inches of comb space less — and I got so I did not expect as
much from these as from the larger hives. The brood-nest,
after allowing the usual space for honey and bee-bread,
seemed to be too small to breed up a normal colony. At
any rate they never averaged as much surplus as the larger
hives, and had to be watched more closely as to winter
stores, etc.

Then, I have had some experience with larger hives.
I bought and used, one season, SO colonies in 12-frame
Langstroth hives. While they did not ()roduce quite as
much surplus honey as the 10-frame, they had more honey
in the brood-nest in the fall. They were cumbersome to
handle, and previous experience with large hives that I am
about to explain, had convinced me that the 10-frame size
was the right size for this location. While I do not consider
one season's experience with a certain hive as worth very
much, still I give it for what it is worth toward determin-
ing the proper size of hive to adopt. But what has convinced
me most, that the extremely large hive is not adapted to this
location, is a 16-years' experience with SO 10-frame Quinby
hives (except the last 6 years, when 2S of them were con-
tracted to 8-frames by the use of a division-board on each
side in place of the two outside combs).

These Quinby hives, like most of my others, are chaff
hives, and all wintered with their full number of brood-
combs, as with my present system of producing honey I do
not handle any brood-combs of colonies that are in a normal
condition. My practice is to give the same amount of labor
to a larger number of colonies, or yards, rather than put a
great amount of work on a less number ; and since adopting
this practice I have made a very much better success,
financially, than with the old intense method. So you see,
all our colonies have to winter on the same number of combs
they have in summer. The results are, that bees in these
large 10-frame Quinby hives (1800 square inches of comb
space) do not winter and spring as well as those in the
smaller hives, and our short, early, white honey-fiow, com-
ing as it does mostly in June, is usually one-half over be-
fore these large hives are full of bees and honey, ready to
enter the upper stories. Thus the surplus honey is always
below the average in these hives.

There is no question about these large hives breeding
large colonies. If one were further south, where bees win-
ter better, or, if our honey season were in July, the results
might be much better. One thing is certain, with my loca-
tion and management I can not afford to use this size of
hive.

In conclusion, let me add : I have nothing at stake in
this hive controversy, only the largest grade of honey pro-
duced with the least amount of labor and expense. We earn
our bread and butter with the bees.

Mecosta Co., Mich.

#

Something Further on Defining "Honey".

BY S. T. PBTXIT.

TO question No. 22 (see page 164) I would say further : I
am aware that, however desirable, it is all out of the
question to draw the reins so taut. Honey-dew occa-
sionally comes at all times, in warm weather, in season and
out of season ; sometimes when the honey-flow is off, and
again when the flow is on. So, in some cases, it is impos-
sible to keep the two articles separate. In such cases, if it
is fit for table use we must sell it for what it is worth.

A few years ago, during white clover bloom, the clover
yield was light, but honey-dew was plentiful. It was of bad
flavor, but the color was good. The bees drew out the sec-
tion-combs and stored quite a lot of honey-dew with a little
clover ; but they refused to cap it, leaving the sections about
half full. Later on the basswood flow was fairly generous,
and the sections were filled and capped, and my crop turned
out pretty well, after all. Myself and others would have
felt it quite a hardship if the law forbade us to sell that
honey for what it was worth. So I conclude, in a commer-
cial sense, honey is " what bees gather from natural
sources".

When working at Ottawa, the Canadian Capital, to
secure the passage of our Pure Honey Bill, I coined and
used that term, and I never have seen any reason to change
it, for, in a commercial sense, " Honey is what bees gather
from natural sources".

Doubtless, we should keep the two articles — honey from
flowers and honey-dew — as separate, in all respects, as pos-
sible. I can not see how any good can come from calling
"honey-dew" "honey-dew honey". oThe term "honey-

dew " is quite good enough for that article. I am not blind
to the facts that some honey-dew is very nice indeed ; but
such is the rare — very rare — ^exception, in the great major-
ity of cases. Elgin Co., Out.

== =^=—=—= ^

(Dnv>Siskv

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

=J

Bees Wintered in a Shed.

I have 18 colonies of bees which I winter outdoors in a
bee-shed. On each hive I put a super filled with maple
leaves and packed well around them. When I put them
away they weighed 50 pounds and over, and each hive had
8 frames in it.

1. Were 8 frames too many to leave in each hive over
winter ?

2. Should I lessen that number when I put them on the
summer stands ?

3. When should I put them on the summer stands ?

4. Is this a good way to winter bees ?

Lake Co., 111. Mrs. L. Antes.

1. No.

2. No, there's no good reason for having any less than
the full number of combs at any time of the year. Some
have favored the plan of having less than the full number
in winter, closing up what are left by means of a division-
board. But we are told that European scientists proved by
careful experiments that a comb was just as good as a
division-board. That hardly seems possible, but, at any
rate, the difference must be so little that it is best to leave
the full number of combs the year around.

3. Better not disturb the packing any sooner than neces-
sary ; not till settled warm weather in May. And yet if
you wait as late as that there will be trouble in moving
them, for they will have marked their location in the shed,
and will go back in numbers to that place. If the distance
is not great that they are to be moved, you can overcome
the difiSculty by moving them a short distance each day ; if
that is not convenient, put them on the summer stands be-
fore they do much flying, perhaps the last of March or first
of April.

4. If located so that strong winds can not blow into the
entrances, they ought to do well.

A Wisconsin Foul-Brood Experience.

In 1899 my husband, who has been a bee-keeper for
nearly 25 years, sold his bees, consisting of over 100 colo-
nies, and went to Southern California, returning in 1903
and purchasing the same bees, or their descendants, from
the man who bought them, a near neighbor, and a warm
personal friend, Joseph Mathews, who was about leaving
the neighborhood. The bees were in winter quarters at the
time of purchase, and Mr. M. informed us that they, with
the bees of several other apiaries in the vicinity, had been
troubled with foul brood, but that Inspector France had
been there and exterminated the disease, a fact which Mr.
M. undoubtedly believed ; but when the bees were taken
from winter quarters, some 15 or 20 out of about 100 colonies
were found to be badly diseased.

Inspector France was immediately sent for, and prom-
ised to come. After several months he came, arriving late
at night and leaving early in the morning, saying it was
too late in the season to do anything, and advised us to wait
until spring.

In the spring he came again, staying about the same
length of time, and giving a few instructions. In the
meanwhile we had been getting all possible information on
the subject, and proceeded to act accordingly.

The combs from the diseased colonies were cooked, and
the hives cleansed, either by boiling or burning out, a near
neighbor bringing his diseased colonies to be treated also,
and the disease was apparently exterminated so far as the
two apiaries were concerned.

Last fall 30 colonies were put into winter quarters, and

168

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2, 1905.

a number of them showed foul brood. The question is,
What g-ood did it do us to treat our bees when the country
around was full of foul brood ? and would it have been so full
of it if Inspector France had been at liberty to come sooner,
stay longer, inspect more fully, and give more instruction
as to the treatment ?

Judging from short acquaintance, we found Mr. France
a fine man, but it seems to the " foul-broody " people here
(nearly all the bee-keepers belong to that clan) that he has
" too many irons in the fire " to attend properly to his regu-
lar " knitting "; that is, if inspecting bees is his regular
work.

My husband has just read what I have written, and
wishes me to add that Mr. France told Mr. Mathews that 3
of the colonies were diseased, and promised to come and
treat them, but failed to do so (that was after treating them,
and he made a second call, as I understand it) ; but instead
of 3 there proved to be some 15 or 20.

There is foul brood in a number of apiaries, ranging
from 5 to 10 miles away in all directions, and unless it is
exterminated the bees will soon be, and I think I am voic-
ing the feelings of the most of the bee-keepers in writing
to you.

A great deal of the foul brood is in small apiaries,
where the owners care very little for the profit from them,
and so do not try to get rid of the disease. If there is any
way of compelling these people to try to get rid of foul
brood, the bee-keepers here hope to see it speedily put into
operation.

I will close by adding that I spent several years within
12 miles of Prof. A. J. Cook's home ; that we have had the
pleasure of seeing him, and listening to him speak, and that
I could tell a very different story about typhoid fever, water,
prosperity, and a plenty of work for wilJing workers, even
the short distance of 12 miles away, than he tells on page
37. Not that I doubt him, but things are so " exceptional "
in California, and I, perhaps, had a better chance to see
some of the "exceptional " things than he has.

Waushara Co., Wis., Jan. 31. Mary B. Hai,i,.

Inspector France has the reputation of being a very
reliable and careful man, although perhaps overworked, and
the probability is that he regretted as much as you the
peculiar circumstances that prevented closer attention in
that one instance.

You say, " If there is any way of compelling these peo-
ple to try to get rid of foul brood ", etc. If I am not mis-
taken, all that is necessary is to report to the State inspector
such cases, and he will make it his business to see that they
have proper attention, you being specially favored by living
in a State whose laws give the inspector compulsory powers
equal to those of a sheriff.

G.fkvit}ong,l}ts

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

TO SETTLE WHICH IS THE BEST HIVE !

And some more Prof. SchoU is going to " draw Jordan into his
mouth". Give him a little time and he can xeltle the question which is
the best hive ! We laugh. But don't you mind it. Prof. S. ; our laugh-
ter is not of the contemptuous itind. We dearly love the young in-
vestigator who magnifles his office, and gets now and then a little too
hopeful. Hardly so well do we love the seasoned and humbled old
chap, all the time too pessimistic. But you see we catch a sly glimpse
of a theorem that says ; Behold a thousand oflicial professors settling
the hive question; and presently behold a thousand different hives
that they have settled us on ! Corollary ! One professor's settling is
less confusing, hut 7tot any more 7'eUable.

The truth seems to be that there are a great many very excellent
hives possible to be made— economic difference between them to be
expressed in quite small figures — figures so small that the " personal
equation " (as scientists express it) upsets and obscures everything
else. Also no one hive, and no five iiives, could possibly be best for
all persons, climates, circumstances, and objects in view. Page 26.

VARIOUS PROBLEMS TO BE INVESTIGATED.

To return to Prof. Scholl, he has an interesting lot of weighty
problems on his memorandum : How to manage a distant out-apiary
with the least work and loss. Some more whacking away at the
tough job of making liquid honey stay liquid when it is put up. One

kind of hive in the apiary, and the most profitable kind. Honey"
vinegar to equal the best vinegar in the market, and be made with
cheap honey. All inferior honey kept off the market and con-
verted into wax by the bees. (The last, not the least.) In these prob-
lems we see a minimum of the academic inquiry, and a praiseworthy
maximum of the dollars and cents. I'm old pessimist enough to fear
that honey-vinegar from poor honey (or dirty washings) can never be
made to hold its own in the market alongside the best cider-vinegar.
He may try it, though.

As to making poor honey into wax, my advice would be, don't
waste much time in small experiments that try to settle the wax-
honey ratio beyond doubt — experiments that try to cut off all causes
of error. Folks will doubt anyhow— and we get out of visible causes
of error by getting into invisible ones twice as big. Be a little shy of
all small experiments. Let the scale be large; and inquire, What does
it cost for these 10 colonies to make 10 pounds of wax? Have another
10 colonies alongside, fed the same honey in the same way, but caused
to make as Ultle comb as possible. Poor honey for this purpose should
be poor but perfeeihj sound. Don't expect anything of honey that has
changed even a little in the direction of souring. Sound but thin,
sound but bitter, sound but black, sound but weedy tasting, are the
hopeful kinds. One good way to make bees secrete wax is to give
them ready-made extracting-combs to store in, but the cells cut down
so as to be only half as deep as they ought to be. Keep slicing down
again and again and feeding back the same honey — a little water
added. Don't believe I would put the combs in the extractor at all.
Another taking way (if not good) is to take new swarms just hived
and cut away every four days all the comb they make— all except just
enough for starters at the top. Page 26.

OFFICIAL "STANDARD HONET ".

I think the official "Standard Honey " of the government chem-
ists should not allow so much as 25 percent of water. Sorry I can not
pretend to say what should be the minimum. Not much less than
that. found in best 12-pound-to-gallon honey — but somehow few
authorities convince us that they can tell exactly what that propor-
tion is. Page 36.

ORGANIZING HONET-PRODUCERS' ASSOCIATIONS.

That's not the way the great trusts of the world accomplish re-
sults— to move for them without cash in hand, without confidence,
and without anybody vested with fuU power to do any ide?ttiral thing.
Rather seems to me that I'm glad of it that bee-folks hitherto are play-
ing at organization, rather than organizing. Have we exhausted the
possibilities of simple agency? One honest, capable salesman should
not be impossible to find. And the simple question of the large pro-
ducer to him. What will you take to sell my honey? hardly requires
more of organization than agreement in what order the successive
employers shall stand. First man in the line more pay, and last man
much less pay. Page 36.

=\

Doctor miller's
Question = Box

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Van Deusen Wired Foundation— Paintlns Hives.

=/

1. Have you used the Van Deusen wired foundation? If so,
would you recommend its use in brood-frames in preference to put-
ting wire in by hand?

2. Do you recommend painting hives both inside and outside?

Virginia.

Answers. — 1. I have never used it to any extent. If the work is
well done there can be hardly any choice of the two ways. Either
makes good work. But foundation splints make better.

2. Not inside in any case. If I lived in a village with hives in
full view of passers-by, I should paint them ; not otherwise. I think-
they are a little better for the Ijees if left unpainted.

HIve-Cleats-Deep Bottom-Boards— Refining Propolis.

1. In " Forty Years Among the Bees " you advise nailing a cleat
at the rabbet ends of the hive. Do you nail it fiush with the top of
the hive? It so, do you use a special cover, or could it be placed so as
to use an excelsior cover?

3. Would you also use a deep bottom-board for the 10-frame hive?

3. How can I refine propolis and separate it from wax? Does it
lose its aroma when boiled in water?

4. I can not use a dummy the size you recommend with staple-
spaced frames. Do you use staples on the frame next to the follower?

5. About how much would you pay to have 100 supers scraped of
propolis— 8-frame supers with fence separators? Also, how much
would you pay to have 50 8-frame bottom-boards made of second-
growth pine, complete, such as you recommend in your book?

New York.
Answers. — 1. Yes, the cleat comes flush to the top of the hive. It
can be used with any cover that is flat on the under side, but not with

March 2, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

169

a cover that has projections below the under surface at the ends, un-
less the cover is made enough longer to make up for the cleats. In
any case I prefer i cover entirely flat on the underside. Quicker to
handle in putting on.

2. Most certainly.

3. I don't know how to refine propolis. I have separated propolis
and wax by putting it in a dripping-pan in the oven and pouring off
the wax ; but it doesn't make a perfect job. One would think it would
work to boil in water. Boiling water doesn't seem to hurt the aroma
of propolis.

4. Yes, the frame next the follower or dummy is just the same as
all the rest with staples— no, not staples but nails — on one end of the
frame next the dummj', and there's plenty of room for the dummy. I
suspect you have lO.-frame hives made too narrow to take a dummy, as
a good many are made. That's an invention of the — well, I don't
know whose notion it is; but something ought to happen to him for
getting up a thing so difficult to use. Rather than to use self-spacing
frames without a dummy, I'd go back to loose-hanging frames, and
I'd feel very sad to give up self-spacing frames. If I had a 10-frame
hive too narrow to admit a dummy ensily, I think I'd use only 3
frames and a dummy.

5. Sorry to say I don't find a record of cost of bottom-boards ;
perhaps about 20 cents each. To scrape such supers and separators
I'd give $1.50 a day, and I don't know how many would be done in a
day.

* » >

Preventing Afterswarms.

After the first swarm is out, and as soon as I can hear a queen
pipe the seventh or eighth day, is it safe then to destroy all queen-cells.
and will the colony have a queen hatched! I don't want my bees
to swarm more than once. Minnesota.

Answer. — Yes, it is entirely safe to destroy all queen-cells as
soon as you hear piping, and you may then be reasonably certain that
swarming for that colony is all over for the year.

Miller Frame— Deep Hive-Bottom— Latham Hive, Etc.

I kept bees 15 or 20 years ago in the original Langstroth hive,
with single bottom nailed to the hive. I am 66 years of age, live in
Will Co., 111., and will start anew, keeping just a few colonies to em-
ploy my time partly, produce enough honey for my family, and a lit-
tle to give away to my friends.

As I have not studied bee-keeping the last 30 years. In reading
the American Bee Journal I find so many new things that I do not
understand. One is the double bottom-board, as you describe it on
page 89. Is this double bottom fastened to the hive, or does the hive
simply rest on it loose! What is the object of it being double when it
is open on the end? It can not be for a dead-air space beneath the
hive. I would like a direct answer to the following questions:

1. In what respects does the Miller frame differ from the Lang-
stroth frame and the staple-spaced frame ;

2. Dummy frames— their construction and use.

3. The double bottom-board mentioned on page 89 — its benefits
over the single bottom.

4. Your opinion of the Latham hive (or comb honey as described
on pages 31 and 37 — also as to the crosswise, closed-ends-to-bottom
frames. Illinois.

Answers.— 1. The Miller frame is only one form of the Lang-
stroth frame. It differs from most other frames in that top, bottom,
and end-bars are all the same width, 1',, and the frames are spaced
apart by means of four heavy 1 '4-inch wire-nails with heads about
3-16 of an inch across, the nails being driven in so as to project }£
inch. It is easy to drive them in the exact depth by having a hard-
wood stick '4 -inch thick held close beside the nail when it is driven.
A nail is driven into each end of the top-bar on opposite sides about
J^ inch from the top, and I'.j inches from the extreme end; and into
each end-bar a like nail is driven 2'4 inches from the lower end. Hold
up the frame before you, and the two nails on the right end of the
frame will be on the side of the frame from you, and at the left end on
the side toward you.

3. Take a top-bar and nail on a board so that the length of the
board is the same as the length of a frame, and the depth of top-bar
and all the same as the depth of frame, top-bar and all. That's your
dummy. It may be an inch thick, or anything less down to J^ inch.
It is used to fill up any space desired, and especially at one side of a
hive. If no dummy is in the hive it is hard work to get out the first
frame if the frames are self-spacing or fixed-distance frames. If there
is a space filled with a dummy at one side, it is easy to take out the
dummy, and then easy to take out any desired frame.

3. I think you will not find a doiible bottom-board mentioned on
page 89, only a deep one. The advantage of that 2-inch space under
the bottom-bars is that in winter there is no danger of its being
clogged with dead bees, and in the cellar it allows full ventiUtion.

4. I do not think I should like it. Frames running parallel to
the entrance hare been in common use in Europe, but they seem to be
now favoring what is called the " cold arrangement ", as commonly
used in this country. The " warm arrangement " is a step backward.

When to Put Bees Out of the Cellar.

I have 5 colonies of bees in the cellar wintering on sugar syrup.
The mercury ranges from 30 to 3B degrees above zero. How early will
it do to put them out? I want to feed them a little each day and start
brood-rearing as early as possible. Connecticut.

Answer. — Don't bring them out to stay out till red or soft maples
are in bloom, and not then unless it hasquite the appearance of settled
weather. If, however, you areanxious to do so, they could be brought
out on a warm day in the first part of March for a flight, and then
taken back in the evening.

If you had asked whether it was desirable to start bees brood-
rearing as early as possible, I should have advised not to be in too
much of a hurry; but as you haven't asked I'll say nothing about it.

BAND

Every Band in the Land

EvL-iy iium in tlie tjiuid ami everybody that
blows a huin ou^'ht to know about the *'€r«wn
Model — King of Build InBtriiments— euur-
anleed tor 5 years— sent on « daj i»' trial, one
I instrument or full set. The.v are the flnent in-
I struineiitn made, mapnllloent in design an<l
I flnlsli, ini-i>ni(iarable in tone and tune, repre-
eentintr the liighest achievement of artistic- skill
and musical perfection. mo»( perfect valve
action known, unequalled for easie of blowing.
A3 sole makers of this line of bitnd instruments
I we stand buc-k of every elalni we make for it,
I and allow *i days* trlol that ,vou may know
just what you are getting for your money. Ask
for Illustrated catalogue. Our immense stock
comprises all the better makes of Band Instru-
ment!*, and if yuu do not want our '*Crown
Model" we'd like to give you figures on .aonie
other line before you buy. ••Everything
Musleol"— in business 20 years -means that we
can save you money on aiivlhlnfr and every-
thlnielnthe music line. S1-:4'(>M».IIA1ND list
fairly bristles with bargains of every sort of
musical instrument;?, made like new again. If
you don't waat new this list may have just the
thing for you. Ask for the list to-day and any
other information or catalogues that you may
desire. We'll bo prompt; we want to serve
you ia all of your musical needs. Address
U. E. MeMILLIN,
iO« Superior St.,
Cleveland,

© "■"■■

Please znentlon See Jonmai 'wnea wrltlnfr

UNKED TOGETHER

City— Town— Country. ^Yith telephone connection tlie fanner Is

next door to everywhere and everybody. When in need of extra

help on the farm, or repairs for machinery from town or city

the telephone proves of inestimable value.

Sirombergi'-CaHson

Telephones

are connecting more farmers to money savin;:: advantages than all
th.> other makes combiiicd. Wherever the best service at lowest
clwi in the ciid is desired, the 'strong 'phones" are selected. We
have just issued a boolc of telephone information you ought to
have. Write lor free book F- go "Telephone Facts lor Farmers."

|l,STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y.,AND CHICAGO, ILL.

-FOR, ■2'OXJK,-

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES MIGRATES I

I? SKVn TO THB rt

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTSonallorderstiUJan. 1,1905. lA13t

170

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2, 1905,

Beardless Barley

The barley of yourdreams;
no beards; tasy to barvesl;
always bii^ viclding. Mr.
Wells, of Orleans Co.. N.Y.,
thrcsho'l 1:^1 bu, per acre.
You ca» bc.-.t this in 1905 if
you try. _^^^

National Oats

The marvel and wonder
lo oats. Will yield for you
on your own furm from 150
toSOObu. ill 1905. Try It.

' Billion DollarCrass
and Teoslnte

Tho two greatest forage

flanta of the century. BlU
loB Dollar Crass will
produce i'i tou3 of magnifl-
cent hay and Teoalnte 80
tons of green fodder per acre.
Catalog tells about it.

Look At These Yields

Speltz, 80 bu. croln
per acre, and 4 ton*
of hny bcoldo*.

Muonroiil Wheat.
Bnitt Proof. 80 bu.

Victoria Rape, 40
tons of efccn foot! per
acre.

Pea Oat, S5 tons.

£arllei>t Sweet Cane,
60 tonogreen food.

Potatoes, 800 bu.
per acre.

Now fluch prodigal yieldi
pay. You always get them
when planting KalserV
Seeds. ^^___

Onion Seed 60c

a pound, and other vegeta-
ble seeds just as low. We
I are the largest Vegetable
I Seed growers in the world,
operatiug 5000 acres.

SI 0.00 for 10c

We wish yoa to try our
I freat Farm Seeds, henceoffer
to send you a lot of Farm
Seed Samples, fully worth
' (10.00 to get a start, together
with our great seed catalog, alt
' for but Hlc. postage, If you meo-
tiou this paper.

Lacrosse

John ASalzer Seed Co.'-*w'?l

FOR SALE.

950 Colonies of Italian Bees, with every-
thing belonging to a first-class apiary, in one
of the best localities in the State. 19U3 crop
over 40,000 pounds. Address,

N.STAINIINGER, Denlson, Iowa.

9Atf Menlioa Bee Jouraal when writing.

Por Qoeens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclalr. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75e ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
«6; 15 for $8.25; 25 for $12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3:21.) 6Atf

'^•^JIll Ali|#

[RED RIVER valley!

EARLY OHIOS,

pTowninthe cnltl N.ntliw.-t, are unsurpossen i
In vi^'orandin tarly maturuv. Olds'purcHc- '
Icctseed In tlie beat that eun be obtaln>d.
Vci7 larpe stock in store. I'ricea reasonable. ^jDI
Send postal for Common Sen^e Catalog of All }M
].ca<llne VorletlcH J'otiilocs, <'orn, Oatti, \Js
Itarler^ GroMw Scedn. Gurdco Seedi, Etc.

L L. Olds Seed Co.,Drawer G.CIInton, Wis.

Reports anb
(fxpertenccs

ji

Selling Honey in the Home Market.

I have not the slightest trouble in selling
all my honey (extracted) at 15 cents per
pound in the home market. But it is full;
ripened on the hive, and never a pound sold
that is not first-class in every respect, and
when I hear of a man who finds slow sale for
his honey I think, "There is another man
who sells unripe honey ". I believe the stuff
that some bee-keepers offer for sale is our
worst enemy in regard to prices and demand.

Honey is the best thing to eat in this world,
and it should not be disgraced in the way that
some of it is. It is just as necessary to enact
laws to stop the sale of unripe honey as it is
to stop adulteration of honey. Offering for
sale poor, unripe, thin stuff hurts the sale of
honey more than anything else combined.
Buyers sample it, and think that if that is

# Yflll Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success it you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send for Descriptive Catalogue.

CHAS.A.CYPHERS

[3926 Henry St.BUTFALO.N.Y.

f lease mention tiee Journal 'wnen 'writing,

Tli6 Gratiam-ttude Bee 60.

SPBCIALTIES

Falconer's Bee-Keepers* Supplies

At Factory Prices. We have Falcon-
er^8 branch honsecoverlng^ the entire
Sonthwestern States and Mexico.
Send for special catalog^, etc.
Bees and Queens.

All leading^ races. Bees and Nnclei in
any quantity for distant shipments a
specialty. Send for circular and prices.
Honey and Wax.

Bought and sold. Honey-Cans in seaso n
Be sure and get our prices.
OUR MOTTQ.

To have everything the bee-keeper needs
and to buy his products in return.
Correspondence earnestly solicited.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.

{Successors to The Hyde Bee-Supply Co.)
SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS.

IDtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

40-PaSe Catalog Free!
Fullinformaticii regarding all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Best goods. Latest im-
provementa. Danzenbakor Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John Nsbel & SON Supply
Co., High Hill. Mo, 3Dtf

Please mention Bee Jonmal -when writina

FOR^ALE.

200 Rabbeted L. Hives, 8-frame, IJ.^-story,
new, in flat, in 10 lots, 95c each ; 100 10-frame,
$1.10 each. 89,000 No. 1 Polished Sections,
S3.75 per M. 1000 pounds White Extracted
Honey in 60-lb. cans, Tj-^c.

yi. D. SOPER,Rt 3. Jackson, Nich.

7Dtf Please mention the Bee Jonmal.

yon say it will,
Address,

Read This and do it Quick

The Modern Farmer,

Agricultural Epitomist,

Green's Fruit Grower,

The Mayflower, and

Ten Beautiful Bulbs,

All One Year, 50 cents.

New subscribers to American Bee Journal
can add 60 cents and get it also one year.
Address,

MODERN FARMER,

Box B, SX. JOSEPH, MO.

BARNES' FOOT POWEB MACHIHEBT

Read what J. I. PARENTjOf
Charlton, N. Y., says: " we
cut with one of year Com-
bined Machines, last wtnter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal of other work.
This winter we have donble
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
nease mention Bee Journal -when 'wntlne

The AmericanPoultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

Aloovnal that is over a qnarter of a
J our n<ll century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
Its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Jonrnal.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
hey are conducted. In fact the entire field is
uUy covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
his the paper also tells yon all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street. - Los Angeles, Cal.
Please mention Bee Jotimai •wnan 'VTltliue

LICE SAP LIFE

Tliuf;. h-'v.- they live and thrive.
You CUD t have healthy, piotitiiblo
fowls or Btook and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptlT kills all insect vermin and

makes sittincr hens comfortable.

Sample 10c; ino oz.. »1.0O by express.

O. K. STOCK FOOn CO.,

D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.

406 Monon Bide., Chlcaco, IlL

t^ease mentlos Bee Journal -wnen wntinfi.

lirontoH *'^^° '^° to 30 years old capable of
ndllbOU taking charge of an apiary of 200
colonies. Can give employment balance of year
collecting and soliciting for lumber and coal.
In answering give reference and salary ex-

pected, TRESTER SUPPLY CO. LINCOLN NEB

6Atf Please mention the tsee Jonrnal.

Di<* Rdfttaln *^ hives of BEES, about 73
DiS Ddrgdlll iiMr, rest 8-fr.; part hybrid;
with Novice Ex., 12 qn-ex. zinc, veil, smoker,
fdn fastener, 3 books— all for $1C0. AUonstands
in Bardwell, Ky. Quick if you mean business,
9A2t J H. COLLINS.

I MAKE

MONEY I

HATCHlNa CHICKENS WITH THE

GEM INCUBATOR

that high-grade, low priced, absolutely reliable,
up-to-date batcher. Sure profits. Begin now—
get an early start. Write for free catalog today.

Gem Incubator Co., Box 52* Dayton, Ohio

t^eaae meniaon Be« Journal Wiien wrKUu^

March 2, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

171

real honey they do not see that it is so very
good after all. and conclude not to buy any,
when, if it had been good, ripeboney it would
have helped instead of hindered the demand.
Boone Co., Nebr., Jan. 31. W. H. Mills.

Worker and Drone Eggs— Foul
Brood— Bee-Paralysis.

I have had a few colonies of bees, off and
on, for many years. When I got a good start
I would sell them, then later get the bee-fever
again, buy a few colonies, etc. But a year
ago I decided to go into it and stay by it. So
I bought 124 colonies from a bee-keeper, also
his extractor and all the supplies he had on
band. He had the bees all put away for win-
ter, and assured me that they were all right.
I did not go near them until spring, as I had
other business to attend to, but when I got
ready to put them out I found them all
starved to death but 17 colonies, and they
were in bad condition. But I stuck to it,

Jumbo Corn i|

Itbe^eatcorn forcattle feeders Ea.rsafootr
I long, rich in oii. easily broken or cruebed. |
I An enormous yieider. Made 119 bu. per acre ■■
I on my trial grounds, outyieldlncr all of the BS
Z 84 othervarteties except the White Elephant. P*

S"lf you want corn that will outyleld every- !
thing in the neighborhood try theee two. l-a
Samples iree for the asking. 1 will also eend II
■ you my new catalog of seed corn, seed ■■

11 potatoes, garden seeds, and in fact ftU r
kinds of seedt but the poor Unda.
HENRT FIELD. Satdiman
I Boi 50 Shtnandoah. It.

"The ear aeed com mart."

Please mention Bee Journal -wlieji writinifc

Sweet Clover Seed

„ ,^ FOR SALE

50 lbs. or over, at S cents per pound. Address,
SA9t JOStPH 3H AW, Strong City, Kans.

tp sjBOi Ts oi g mojj jsuT pnw

S *"0 OQ idABil I

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 year.-:. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enon^rh for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in.
dnced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. H D StDdl
Send for free catalogue. ■ j^f I

lANTA MFG. CO., U60NIER. INOIANiL FrMCataloc^

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS i CHICAGO.

Best and]Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Arsd, Manager.

Having decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalog: and prices on honey on application. If you want Oood Ooods
at Factory Prices and Prompt Siii|>nient, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY "s'u^ppI'y^ CO.

(Not iocorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

H. M. ARND, Mgr. 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

It^" Beeswax taken in excliange for Bee-Supplies, or for Cash.

MSWersflf B66"l\G6P6rS oUPPIIGS

Lowest Prices and Highest Quality. Our New Cata-
log just out. Write for it. Compare prices with others.
15 years' experience. Not in the Combination. Modern
Machinery. Sections and Shipping-Cases by the car-load.
Prompt shipments. Hives, Extractors, Feeders, and all
Supplies used by bee-keepers. All goods guaranteed as
per Catalog MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

tJien^H mentlo-n fiee Joumal ■wnen ■wxitiaa

87 1 Percent Saved t

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

i

^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Poucy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

172

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2. 1905.

doing the best I could with what I had. I in-
creaeed to 35 colonies and sold about $125
worth of honey.

I am wintering them in a house above
ground, and they seem to be all right. I put
them into winter quarters the first weelf in
November, and they will not see daylight un-
til April.

I watch for all the answers to questions in
the Bee Journal with great interest, trying to
learn something. But the things that puzzle
me seem to puzzle old experts, too.

I supposed there was no difference between
a worker-egg and a drone-egg, and that a
worker or a drone could be produced from
any kind of an egg, as I know a queen is pro-
duced from a worker-egg.

I had a case or two of what I think was fou!
brood last summer. I think it was ciused by
the brood being scalded or overheated. I had
to put them in a sheltered place to keep off

Garden Seeds

I The crood tcaiden depends on pood I
1 seed and right soil. We would like to I
I supply you with the pood seed and I
1 will send 1 paekape each of Beet—'
Eu'yptiiin; Cabbuice— Surehead ; Car-
rot—Danvers; Corn— Early; Cucuni'
ber; Lettuce; Mu-*k Melon— Rocky I
Ford;\Vnter Melon— Peerless; Onion; [
RadUh-Scarlet; Squanh^Marrow; I
I Tomato— Beauty; also a package of I
I Mixed Flower Seeds and our new T
1 Annual Seed Cntalofr all 'or 20c.

W.W. BARNARD & CO.
I Ifil -rE. Kinzle St., Chleoeo. HI- j

Please mention Bee joumaJ "when "wrixuifi:

Fruitful Trees HifrTn^'^f'il

Millions of Fruit and Forest Trees, Apples, Peaches.
Cherries, Orapes and Strawberries, R. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at special prices. Freight pre'
paid on CIO orders. Guaranteed to reach you fresh
and bright. Don't miss our tree catalogue.

^ GAGK GOVNTV NURSKRIKS
Box 646 Beatrice, Neb.

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice KillingMachine

kilU»ll Uoe»iid mltcB. Nolnjury toblrdB or feath-
ere. Il&ndlea kdj fowl, smklloRt cblck to largest
gobbler. Madein thres eiiei. P»yB for Iteelf first
BesBon. Alao Lightning Liet EilHng Piiwder,
Poultry Litn, Liee Murder .etc. Weaeoure Bpoi:i»l
luw eipreps mtea. Catalog eenf free. 'WrltBforll.

CIIAULES 8CIIILD CO.
401 Detroit St., Cleveland, Oblo

FXease mention Bee Journal -wlien writing

B66-K66D6rS' SUDDlieS.

Send for Catalogf.

Leahu Mtg. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

lO CENTS A YEAR.

TUG

Dixie Home

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustratbd Maga-
ziNB in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce it ONLY.
It is bright and up-
to.dale. Tells all abont Southern Home Life.
It is lull of fine engravings of grand scenery,
buildings and famous people. Send at once.
..Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ada and Mexico. Six years, 50c. Or, clubs of
6 names, SOc; 12for$l. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps taken. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DfXIE HOME.
7o^48t No. T.s. Blrmlngbam, Alabama.

''lease mention Bee Journal -wheu -writing.

The Rietsche Press

DMade of artificial stone. Practically inde-
strnctible, and g^l^ing- entirely satisfactorj re-
snltB. Comb foundation made easily and

?uickly at less than half the cost of baying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — casta
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TRNN.

Rease mention Bee Journal when wrltliuti

Ahead of Shook -Swarming!

The March Review is now in course of prepa-
ration, and will be out abont the middle of the
month. One article in this issue will be by
H. G. Sibbald, of Canada, and he will describe
a new system of manafiremeut that promises to
be away ahead of shook-swarming^. It has
these advantages: No shaking of the bees; no
handling of the brood; no possibility of the
queen being in the wrong hive; no danger of
after-swarming; no increase unless desired (but
easy to secure if wanted) ; no queen-cells to hunt
up and destroy ; yet the whole force of bees may
be kept together the whole season, and each

colony may be requeened with a queen from a
naturally-built cell.

This is only a single article in one issue of
the Review, but it Is a fair sample of the in-
formation that you are los n^ if yon don't read
the Review, and what you will gain if yon do
read it. Send $1 00 for the Review for 1905, or,
if you prefer, send 10 cents, and when the March
issue is out a copy will be sent you, and the 10
cents may apply on any subscription sent in
during the year.

W. I. HITCHINSON, Flint, NIch.

Amour Berberry Hed^e

Tills hedf;e is of special value as a wind-breali and also makes a fence
that will turn all kinds of stock. A fast grower; hard^; does not
sprout from root and bears fruit equal to currants for jelly and wine.

Just the Ri^ht Protection for Barns and Orchard

o^iv. Grows 16 to 18 feet liiKh it not trimmed. Write today for
sii-,'i-:.v. full particulars and special introductory offer. Cata-
logue of all kinds of Hardy Frutts, Kvergreens,
>•, etc.. free for the asking. Twelve 2.year Ever-
Kt^^. greens free. Postage 5 cents.

THE GARDNER NURSERY CO.

BO:S ;ir>, OSAGE. IOWA

The Cause of Low Prices. %

We are located in the center of the lumber manufacturing district. Nature fur- 5!

i nishes us power at a nominal cost fSt. Anthony Falls). Our shipping facilities are ^^^

unlimited; our machines are of the most modern type, running at a high rate of speed, ^|

; capable of turning out the largest quantities per day. ^;

We save freight on our raw material and save on fuel and labor, consequently are i^.

' able to sell at a less price than would be possible otherwise. ^T

The quality of our products is standard, and guaranteed to be such. Money back ^;

' if not satisfied. 5^

JOHN DOLL & SON, f.

;< Power Building,

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. >.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEWIS CO.'S

B-WAEE

Lowest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

DavenDorl, Iowa, 213-215 W. 2(1 St

Please mention the Bee Journal.

36A26t

4^DisGoonuoF6D.lsi>

on the Best Dovetailed Hive made.

Cheaper than the cheapest. Circular
ready to mail. Don't miss it. 200 sec-
ond-hand hives for sale cheap.

Tlie Wood Bee -Hive and Box Go.

4SAtf

LANSING. MICH.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections. Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT &SON.
Bbll JiRANCH, Wayne Co.. NIich !

Please mention the Bee Journal

when writing
Advertisers •»•

I

March 2, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

173

\f A SOLID FOUNDATION ^

1^ MEANS J

.i A SOLID HOUSE. V^

pADANT'S FOUIJDATIOllK

^ Solid, Straight, Weil-Built Combs. $^

4 iio.ooo Pounds ^^^^^n' ^iToT^^' f"
^ Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-HeeDers' Sunn||es 1^

S BEESWAX WANTED at all times. Fl o i4 o *-■ -f J^ Cr^n c? J
£ Send for our 1905 Catalog. l^dUdll L iX aZ^UIIJ!) C.

\f HAMILTON, ILL. iV

TREES THAT GROW y^VX 'TA '^™

yjCp v^x '^^^^ Grapes.
Hardy varieties; yield y/^^ ^s^ •S per 100. We
big crops. Grafted yj^y &X P^T ^^^ freidht.
AppIe,4Kc; Budded y^^^A*X Catalog. English
Peach, 3J^c;Black y^^ «»X **^ Geiman, free.
Locust Seed- Xas.^sy^ GERMAN NURSERIES
lng8.,fl P^ry^^/ Boi 99. Beatrice. Neb.

dease mentloik Bea Jonm&i "w^tieii ^3imtm&

STANDARD

Poultry AND

H^f^ SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS: BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOXjEDO, - OHIO.

4A23t Please mention the Bee Journal.

the cold wind in the spring, and when the hot
weather came it was too warm and sultry for
them. After that there were cases of bee-
paralysis. I stood in wonderment watching
the bees hopping all over the yard dying, and
in a day or so it was all over. That's all I
know about the disease, and if I understand
it rightly the members of the St. Louis con-
vention didn't know an.v more.

Nels Christensen.
Crow Wing Co., Minn., Feb. 1.

Home-Made Hives.

In the editorial on pages 99 and 100 I am
satisfied with what is said by the Editor, with
the exception of the statement:

" But is it true that hives may be made by
any one who understands how to handle
tools? The average carpenter or cabinet-

Best OF all

That's what users say about the great

..V>^ PRAIRIE STATE '

Incubators and Brooders

Our iilustruted catalog tells why

they lire hest. It's free. Write.

Prairie Ntate Incubator Co.,

Hox ».-,4t Homer City. Pa.

Please mention Bee journal -when ■writine.

^ If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.*

1 OR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discuunts to the Trade.

10,000 Plants for 16c

Jlore gardens and farms are planted to
Salzer's Seeds than any other in ('■
America. There is reason for this.
We own and operate over 5000 acres for
the pioduction of our warranted seeds.
That ym may try them, we make you
=• the following remarkable ofler: i

For 16 Cents Postpaid

1000 Floe Solid fahba^e,
lUOU Rare Lus'^ious KadUhrs,
UOU Rich Butterr Leltucf,
OIIU (Splendid tiolons,
'JOOO Juity Trndpr Tarnlps,
2000 Nuttj Tender Celery,
lOOU (.ilorlouslf Beautiful Plovrerfl.
Aboveseven pacbagescontainsuffl-
cieiit seed to grow lu.ooo plants, fur-
nisbiiiK bushels of brilliant flowers
ami lots and lots of choi(-e vegeta-
bles, tocether with our great cata-
l<,ig tellinK all about Flowers,
Jiuses, .Small Fruits, etc., all for
IGc ni stamps and this notice.
Big 140-page catalog alone, ^c.
JOHN A, SALZER SEED CO..
La Crosse, Wis.

,riea3t3 a>uuciuu ttab juiiruiii wudii wntuift

3 I f\-tlO F«r
I ^ 200 Egq
•JNCUBATOR

Perfect in conatnictloa &□<!
action. lifttohea f very fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-da;

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, ill

BEES FOR SALE

rl wish to sell 40 colonies of Bees. They
are the Italian Strain, in a good, strong con-
dition, and are wintering good. Reasons for
selling; No time to take care of them. Will
sell all, or 5 or 10 colonies. Inquire of

F. M.SCHEDER.

7A4t PRESTON, IOWA.

174

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2, 1905.

THE BEST THERE IS. I

Bee-keepers, like all other fair-dealing people, want the BEST of goods, the BEST of
serrice in filling their orders, the BEST of prices and the BEST of everything connected
with getting their Supplies; the VERY BEST that can possibly be given for the money is
necessary to give entire satisfaction and what all should have.

To absolntely please bee keepers in filling their wants has been our constant aim for
eight years, and while we do not boast abont ourselves we are sure that we are excelled by
nobody. If you are not already a customer don't fall to write to us and tell us your wants.

Bees, Supplies, Honey and Beeswax.

Lewis' Qoods at Factory Prices.
SPECIAL DISCOUNTS given on all orders before the rush season.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Wash. Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

1

Important to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPIiY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the liind of goods you want.
They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

JOSEPH NYSEWANDER s^T/s'^aTw^.'^ytH st. Des Moines, Iowa

8 »St— 14E5t

Please mention Bee Journal -wtien ■writma

^ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. S

ourHI^V^BS and SEOTIOlSrS I
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will; SAVE MONEY, and

secure prompt shipment.

^e will allow yon a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent In during January.

S PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us.a

Dee-SoDPlIes!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larg-e stock and
greatest varietyof everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship*
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo.; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluflfs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St.. San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

PleJ«5e mention Bee Journal "wtien ■wrltajig,

i DITTMER'S FOUNDATION §

S IS THE BEST ^ 0

® Will tell you why if you will send for FREE CATALOG and SAMPLES, fi

EARLY ORDER DISCOUNT on FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES. X

Wholesai,e and Retail. 0

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. S

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. 0

CilJS UIXXmER, Augusta, Wis. ^

Please Meutiou the American Bee Journal feSsS

maker is generally supposed to understand
how to handle tools, but give him an order to
make a hive and see it it will be satisfactory.
Exactness of measurement beyond that to
which he is accustomed is demanded in the
making of a hive."

This part of the reply is what is misleading.
I am an old-time cabinet-maker, and wish to
say for all time to come that a cabinet-maker
must know how to use tools, and, more than
that, he must have a practical use of them.
Don't say "exactness of measurements be-
yond that to which he is accustomed ". It is
not correct.

I will give you a true illustration by giving
you what is a fact :

When worlsing in the shop I made a bureau,
and when it was finished the " boss " came to
inspect the job. After taking a long look he
started away, but turned his head for another
glance, saying, " Why, you have put the
locks all on the bottom of the drawers, and
worked key-holes at that". We went back
to take another look. "Oh ", said I, " I left
the drawers upside down and then turned
them over, and they fit as well one way as the
other, and you can pull the drawers out with-
out a hitch with one pull, and can push them
in with one thumb on either corner, and
when one end is in so is the other " .

But the factory-made furniture has run us
out of business, even it we can get lumber
much cheaper than the factories. And I say
no man can afford to make his own hives, no
matter how cheap he can get his lumber —
even it he can get it for nothing— it he can
get anything to do of any kind at wages of
~5 cents per day and board, or ?1.00 per day
and board himself. Not because he can not
work close enough, but because hand-labor is
too slow, and the more accurate the work the
slower. This is where the machinery makes
the gain, for the faster it turns out the work
the nicer the job. B. W. Fisher.

Barbour Co., W. Va., Feb. 11.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Eeepers' Association
will hold its spring coaveation in the Major's
Office, City and County Building, April 7, at 10
a.m. All are invited. Matters of great Interest
to bee-keepers, and horticultnrists will be con-
sidered. Cache Valley's experience of kllUog
the bees by poison spraying in the bloom must
not be repeated. Jot down your thoughts on
this or any other question, and bring or mail
the same. G. E. Gasrett, Sec.

E. S. LovESY, Pres.

A WONDER WORKER

A metal incubator that hatches the^
kind of chickens a hen doee
—^ood.stroDK healthy chicks.;

The Cycle Hatcher
is the only machine made that I
conforms to the exact laws nf
nature in incubation. Won-
derful results have been ob-
tained.' 50 ejirg size only 85.^,

Free cataioi>:ue. Cycle Hatcher Co., 601 224, Salem .H,t,

flease mention Bee Journal wnen -wnTons

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigiiing, buTing- or sellitig^, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South WATER St. Chicago. III.

FOR SALE

Several Hundred Cases

Nevada
WhiteAlfalfaHoney

PRICE— 7>^ cents per pound, or $9.00 per
case of two tiO-pound cans, l.o.b. Chicago.
Two cases or more at 7 cents per pound.
Write for special price on larger quantities.
Guaranteed absolutely Pure. Sample, 10c.

H. L. WEEMS,

P.O. Box 267, . CHICAGO, ILL.

7A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

I

March 2, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

175

1 BBesuppiieT!

^ Guaranteed Superioritu ! v

V wai

L0W6St«Pri66S i

We have been makings Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

^ The American Bee Keeper |

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO..

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

i'lease muuuon i3ee Journal wnea vntLot

4* Bccstpax-f

Chicago, Feb. 20. — Hoaey-btisitiess is not too
brisk and consequently prices are none too firm.
A g^ood deal of pressure is being^made by pro-
ducers as well as dealers upon t beir correspond-
ents to more consignments. Fancy grades of
white comb bring 12M@13c; No, 1, about 12c,
with some desirable at lie. Extracted, 6@7c for
white, 5J4@6HiC for amber, the price being gov-
erned by quality, flavor and package. Beeswax,
30c, if clean and of good color.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Boston, Feb. 23 —On account of the very
light demand, stocks of comb honey continue
to accumulate, causing a weaker market.
Fancy white, ISc; No. 1, 14c. Extracted, 6@8c,
according to quality. Blakb, Scott & LiBB.

Kansas City, Feb. 20.— The honey market at
present is very low, the best comb stock selling
at $2.00 per case of 24 sections, with absolutely
no demand for amber or the cheaper grades.
Extracted honey selling from 4Ji@6!^c, accord-
ing to the quality of the stock. Beeswax in
good demand at 2Sc. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, O., Feb. 20.— The comb honey
market has been a drag the last month; this
caused the holders to o£fer es:tra inducements
in prices. Quotations obtained are as follows:
No. 1 fancy water-white comb, 12@X3c; No. 2,
1054@1154c. Extracted: white clover in barrels,
6^c; in cans, 7i^@8 cents; amber, in barrels,
5J4^5>6c; in cans, 6@6>6c. Beeswax, 2"c.

C. H. W. Weber

Philadelphia, Feb. 20.— On account of the
very bad weather the sales among the retail
trade in honey have been slow. Quite a good
many shipments have been arriving from dis-
tant points and the market at the present time
is overstocked. We quote: Fancv white comb,
IS'-I' 16c; No. 1, 13@14c; amber, 12c. Extracted,
white, 65i@7c; amber, (jc. Beeswax, 2"c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblsbr.

Cincinnati, Feb. 1". — The demand for honey
at the present time is like business — frozen.
Nevertheless, we are looking forward to a
brighter future. We quote amber extracted
honey in barrels and cans at be.- 6^^c, respect-
ively; white clover at 7@8c.

The conditions of the comb honey market are
aught but encouraging, owing to the vast
amount of Western comb honey that is being
consigned at almost any price. We quote fancy
white at 12@13c, with but few sales. Beeswax.
27c. The Fred W.Muth Co.

COHPUTE STOCK FOR 1905 NOW OK EUD.
FEEIGHT EiTES FEOB CHCiniTUEE TEE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREI6HT

NOW GOES THROUGH OINCINNATL

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed. _

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS a«d CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

11^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

OHice and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this eKtreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or ^rannlates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12@13c;
mixed, lOiSHc; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6!^c; white,
6(S6Vsc. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30(a33c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Feb. 16.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, il(s>12 cents; amber, 8»10c. Extracted,
white, 6'a6V4 cents; ligat amber, 4H@SMc; am-
ber, 3%@4Kc; dark anber, 3@3Hc. Beeswax,
eoodto choice,lieht,2i®.10c: dark. 27/928c.

There is a moderate movement on local ac-
count and some small shipments are being
made outward. Values are without quotable
change, but dealers are desirous of reducing
holdings and market is favorable to buyers,
especially for other than most select. A car-
load of comb honey arrived from Nevada.

New York, Feb. 8.— The market is decidedly
dull on comb honey and very little moving,
with plentiful supply. We quote: Fancy white
cnmb, 14c; No. 1, 13c; amber, lie; dark, 9@10c.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and prices
remain about th<» same. Beeswax steady and
in good demand, 29c. Hh-dreth * Skoelken.

It Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder "

#

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goodsi Root's Prices |

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every
shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw
the offer. ifeife

WALTER S. POUDER, *

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES -

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
^ THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis. ^

176

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 2, 1905.

cHicAQoi CHICAGO!! CHICAGO!!!

LEWIS' GOODS

IN CHICAGO

NOTICE.

We have just arranged with the following well-known firm for the sale of our goods
in Chicago. They will handle our Bee-Supplies in LARGE QUANTITIES at FACTORY
PRICES and can furnish you anything in our Catalog promptly.

YORK HONEY "s^I-pTv" CO. "•"•*■"">■"'-•

(Not Inc.)

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

ALL ROADS LEAD TO CHICAGO.

The exceptional railroad facilities offered by Chicago make it the ideal shipping-
point. This gives you the combination of excellent service and the BEST GOODS in the
world.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WIS I

Iwatertown;

MAKES THE FINEST

6. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

f

DUTIES ON HONEY, AND THE NATIONAL.

C. p. DAUANT.

HONEY AND POLLEN IN BROOD-COMBS.

O. M. DOOLITTLE.

Bee 3ournal

45th Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 9, 1905.

No. 10.

178

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 9. 19<5.

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-
ularly : „ „
C C MILLER,

Of lUino s.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,
Of New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCROLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A.J. cook;

Of California.
Semi - monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

#

TRIAL (3FFER !

Gleanings In Bee Culture,
6 months, 25c.

We are certain that any one inter-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 25c. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

enclosed find S5 cents, fOT nhlcli
send me Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture 6 montba.

NAME .

P. 0

COUNTY
STATE .

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken from our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The business for man; years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for The A I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A.I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers ami Friends ;

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

George W. York & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences offered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnne — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances,
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit.

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in ,
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey .

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

DANZEXBAKER HIVE.

"Pa«ts About Bees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent on receipt of a 2-cent stamp to pay the postage. Send lor it.

fh^ Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE.
Three Points of Excellence :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SFH30IAL. NOTICES.

The great popularity of the Daoaenbaker hive has brought the shallow brood-frame and the
tall plain sections into prominence. It must be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everj thing just
RIGHT, so you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any ot our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO.. 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, IlL

9&&&&&&&e^&&&@&^&^'&^&^s^&^&&&&&t»'&&&®&^'&&&&e^e^&i

^ERICAJ^

@^^@^&&e^

i

Entered at the Poet-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
rubli!«hed Weekly at $t.OO a Tear by George IT. ¥ork &. Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH 9, 1905.

Vol. XLV.— No. 10.

Ulisccllmtcous
Hctps •:• 3 terns

=\

J

The Ontario Convention Report was crowded out of last
week's number of the American Bee Journal, and also again this
week. But next week we expect to issue another double number in
which we will complete that report, and also publish much other in-
teresting matter.

The Michigan Convention was held in Grand Rapids Feb.
33 and 24, and we had the pleasure of being present. While the at-
tendance was not as large as anticipated, it was a splendid meeting in
many wajs. It was another proof of the value of the question-box
program. Among others who are well known to the reading bee-
keeping public, there were present T. F. Bingham, W. D. Soper, L. C.
and A. G. Woodman, E. D. Townsend, and Huber H. Root (of Ohio) ;
also these who were elected as officers for the ensuing year: President,
W.Z.Hutchinson; Vice-President, Geo. E. Hilton; and Secretary-
Treasurer, E. B. Tyrrell, of Davison. We expect to publish a report
of the meeting a little later in these columns.

The Fourth Annual Report of the Illinois State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be issued some time in April — next month. It
will contain full reports of the last meetings of both the Illinois State
and the Chieago- North western conventions; information on foul
brood and other diseases of bees, and how to treat same; also a list of
the names and addresses of the membership of the Illinois Associa-
tion which numbers almost 200 members. Any Illinois bee-keeper
who wishes to have his name and address in the forthcoming report,
should send his dollar to the Secretary, Jas. A. Stone, Route 4,
Springfield, 111., before April 1. This dollar will also pay a year's
membership in the National Bee-Keepers' Association. Belter attend
to this at once, Illinois Bee-Keeper, and help yourself as well as the
two Associations mentioned.

Result of the National Election of Officers. — February
27 we received the following from W. F. Marks, chairman of the
Board of Directors of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, but it
came too late for publication last week :

To the Members of the yalional Bee-Keepers'' Association : —

The chairman of the Board of Directors is in receipt of a letter
from Mrs. Geo. W. Brodbeck, dated Feb. 11, 1905, announcing the
death of her husband, Secretary Geo. W. Brodbeck, and inclosing tlif
following result of the ballot taken last November for officers of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association :

The whole number of votes cast for President was 355, of which
J. U. Harris received 232, C. P. Dadant 89, Dr. C. C. Miller 11, G. W.
York 4, G. W. Brodbeck 2, N. E. France 2, E. R. Root 2, an4 the fol-
lowing 1 each : Secor, Cook, Stone, Aikin, Benton, Hutchin.^on,
Hannegan, Mclntyre, Harren, Abbot, Grenner, Lovesy, ToepperwLiti.
The whole numljer of votes cast for Vice-President 355, C. F-
Dadant received 251, J. F. Mclntyre 46, J. U. Harris 9, G. M. Doolittle
7, Dr. C. C. Miller 5, E. T. Abbott 5, G. W. York 4, G. W. Brodbeck 4,
M. A. Gill 3, W. Z. Hutchinson 3, Muth 2, Hershiser 2, Pennington 2,

Duff 2, Akslin, Marks, Hull, Moore, Cook, Lovesy, Hyde, Nebel, Ham-
baugh, E. R. Root 1 each.

The whole number of votes cast for Secretary was 359, of iwhicb
W. A. Hutchinson received 203, G. W. Brodbeck 95, G. W. York 2.S, W.
H Laws 15, E. T. Abbott 4, L. SchoU 3, F. E. Brown 3, France 2, and
Hide, Moore, Dadant, Doolittle, Niver, Hyde, Miller, Loveland, Dal-
lant, Kate V. Austin, E. R. Root 1 each.

The whole number of votes cast for General Manager was 349; N.
E. France received 336, L. F. SchoU 4, R L. Taylor 3, C. P. Dadant 2,.
G. W. York, W. Z. Hutchinson, E. T. Abbott, O. O. Poppleton 1 each.

The whole number of votes cast for Director to succeed E. Whit-
comb was 165; E. Whitcomlj received 100, H. H. Hyde 26, F. Muth 8,
N. E. France 5, H. E. Hill .3, M. A Gill 3, E. T. Abbott 3, W. S. Cogg-
shall3, C. H. Webber 2, J. H. Havistin 2, and H. Lathrop, E. D.
Townsend. Eugene Secor, J. F. Mclntyre, L. Scholl, Ed Bevins, J.
Heddon, U. Toepperwein, C. A. Thompson, A. I. Root, G. W. York 1
each.

The whole number of votes for Director to succeed W. Z. Hutch-
inson was 256 ; R. L. Taylor received 102, W. Z. Hutchinson 83, G. W.

W

=^

Special Announcement.

Although I have stated the fact twice (pages
116 and 164) that on Feb. 1, 1905, 1 sold all ray in-
terest in The York Honey Co. to Mr. H. M. Arnd,
there seem to be some of the readers of the
American Bee Journal who either have not read
the two notices referred to, or else do not place
credence in them. Let me say as plainly as pos-
sible, that neither the writer nor the American
Bee Journal is now connected with the handling
of honey or bee-keepers' supplies. Of course
as editor and publisher of the American Bee Jour-
nal, I shall continue to encourage the produc-
tion, use and sale of both honey and bee-keepers'
supplies, for I believe that bee-keeping is but in
its infancy, and that there are great possibilities
in it which will be developed as time goes on.
And it will be my constant aim to help advance
the interests of all concerned, through the col-
umns of the American Bee Journal, in the future
as in the past.

Thanking the thousands who have helped
make the American Bee Journal what it is to-day,
and soliciting a continuance of their hearty sup-
port, I am

Yours for good bee-literature,

QEORQE W. YORK.

Chicago, 111., March 1, 1P05.

§1=

=ii

Brodbeck 18, J. L. Smith S, M. A. Gill 7, H. E. Hyde 4, C. P. Dadant
4, G. W. York 3, Ernest Root 3, Eugene Secor 3, and Geo. E. Dudley,
R. C. Aikin, Hershiser, Cook, Abbott, Poppleton, Barge 2 each
Kretchum, A. I. Root, Mrs. N. J. Stow. E. B. Tyrrel, W. S. Hart, P
H. Elwood, J. D. Harris 1 each.

The whole number of votes east for Director to succeed Udo Toep-
perwein was 311 ; Udo Toepperwein received 189, E. S. Lovesy 50 H
H. Hyde 24, F. Laten 6, Dr. Miller 5, J. F. Molntyre 4, H. E. Hill 4, B

180

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 9, 1905.

Meodleson 4, F.Benton 4, W. H. Lan8 4, O. L. Hershiser 3, F. L.
Aften, Chas. Stewart, F. E. Brown, E. T. Abbott, N. L. Stevens 2 each ;
M. Korig, J. L. Smith, T. E. Fisk, R. L. Taylor 1 each.

■3. C. Harris having received a plurality of the votes oast for Presi-
dent was elected President.

C. P. Dadant having received a plurality of the votes cast for Vice-
President was elected Vice-President.

W. Z. Hutchinson having received a plurality of the votes cast for
Secretary was elected Secretary.

N. E. France having received a plurality of the votes cast for Gen-
eral Manager was elected lieneral Manager.

E. Whitcomb, R. L. Taylor, and Udo Toepperwein having received
the greatest number of votes for Directors, to succeed those whose
«erms exoired, were elected Directors.

The "result of this ballot should have been declared last December,
but owing to the fatal illness of Secretary Brodbeck it has been de-
layed. W. F. Marks,

Chairman Board of Directors Xalioiial Bee-Keepers'^ Association.

Feb. 33, 1905.

John A. Martin, of Delta Co., Colo., called on us recently.
He has been keeping bees with his father for some years, and the
elder Martin has been a reader of the American Bee Journal for many
years. They are in an irrigated alfalfa country, and in good seasons
their bees turn out considerable honey.

To Illinois Bee-Keepers. — Secretary Jas. A. Stone, of the
Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association, sends us the following as another
part of the Bill published on page 116 (it having been divided), re-
questing us to publish it, and at the same time desires us to urge every
bee-keeper in this State to write his senator and representatives now
in Springfield, 111., to be sure to support and vote for the bee-keepers'

Bills :

A BILL.

For an Act providing for the appointment of a State Inspector of
Apiaries, and prescribing his powers and duties.

Sec. 1.— Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, repre-
isented in the General Assembly : That the Governor, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint a State Inspector of
Apiaries, who shall hold his office for the term of two years and until
his successor is appointed and qualified.

Sec. 3.— Said Inspector shall, when notified of the existence of
the disease known as foul brood among apiaries, examine all such as
are so reported, and all others in the same locality, and ascertain
whether or not such disease exists, and if satisfied of its existence,
shall give the owner or the person who has the care of such apiaries
full instructions as to the manner of treating them. In case the owner
of a diseased apiary shall refuse to treat his bees, or allow them to be
treated as directed by the said Inspector, then the said Inspector may
t)urn all the colonies and all the comb necessary to prevent the spread
■of the disease, provided said Inspector shall, before burning, give one
■day's notice to the owner or other person who has the care of the colo-
■nies of bees and comb, that in his judgment should be burned.

Sec. 3.— The Inspector shall, on or liefore the second Monday of
December in each calendar year, make a report to the Governor and
also to the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, stating the number
of apiaries visited, the number of those diseased and treated, the num-
ber of colonies of bees destroyed, and of the expenses incurred in the
performance of his duty.

Sec. 4. — Any owner of a diseased apiary, or appliances taken
therefrom, who shall sell, barter, or give away any such apiary, appli-
ance, or bees from such apiary, expose other bees to the danger of
contracting such disease, or refuse to allow the Inspector of Apiaries
to inspect such apiary, or appliances, shall be fined not less than fifty
■dollars nor more than one hundred dollars.

To Missouri Bee-Keepers.— Again the attention of the bee-
"keepers of Missouri is called to a matter which vitally affects their in-
terests. Read what Mr. R. Holekamp, of St. Louis County, says in the
•following communication :

Dear Mr. York:— I returned last week from Jefferson City,
\fhere I appeared before the Committee of Agriculture of our Senate,
to which our Apiary Bill had been referred. The committee reported
the Bill favorably ; it was engrossed the next day, and I expect it to
pass the Senate and go to the House before the end of this week.

I intend to go to Jefferson City again, when the Bill is refeired to
the House Committee of Agriculture, and appear before that Commit-

Our Apiary Bill makes apiculture part of the Agricultural Depart-
ment of our State (Missouri State Board of Agriculture), which is of
Sm^mense advantage to our industry. Our Stale Board of Agriculture
iissues a bulletin about every one or two months, which is mailed for a
jear to any person asking tor it, free of any expense. After the year
has expired an inquiry comes, whether the bulletins are still desired,
*nd it the answer is in the afUrmative, the bulletins come again for
a year, and so on. At the end of the year all bulletins are bound in
one volume, together with the report of the Secretary, and are dis-
tributed free of charge. ,,^ ., ,j . ,,

In these bulletins a tew pages could be devoted to apiculture, or
special bulletins in apiculture he issued and distributed. These bulle-
tins reach bee-keepers who never read a bee-paper. In this way the
attention of the farmer bee-keeper can be called to the diseases of
bees: he can be made familiar with the symptoms of the diseases, and

can be taught to treat them ; he can be requested through these bulle-
tins to report to the Board of Agriculture, or the Apiary Inspector, the
appearance of foul brood or other diseases in his own or neighbors'
apiaries. In this manner the Apiary Inspector can be kept informed
where inspection and treatment is needed, and it will be possible to
eradicate foul brood and other diseases of bees from Missouri.

The expense to the State in devoting part of the bulletins of the
State Board of Agriculture to apiculture would be small, as these bul-
letins are mailed out as newspaper matter.

I have ascertained through circulars sent out by me, that foul
brood exists in different parts of this State; it is in the east, in the
west, in the north, in the south, and if bee-keepers are made familiar
with the symptoms of the disease, it will be found that a good deal of
the so-called " bad luck " of the farmer bee-keeper is caused by foul
brood.

Now, bee-keepers of Missouri, those of you who have not already
done so, I ask to write to the representative of your county when you
read this ; tell him to support the Apiary Bill ; tell him we need it to
keep our honey industry from ruin.

Our Legislature will be in session only a few weeks longer, there-
fore don't delay writing, but sit down right now and urge your repre-
sentative to help push this Bill through. If these letters are showered
on our representatives from all parts of Missouri, our Apiary Bill will
become a law at this session of our Legislature.

Below will be found a copy of the Senate Bill, No. 268, as en-
grossed Feb. 21. RoBT. A. Holekamp,

Assista7it Secretary Missouri State Bee-Keepers'' Association.

AN ACT.
To provide for the appointment of a State Inspector of Apiaries, and
to regulate the duties thereof, providing a penalty for disposing
of diseased honey or bees, with an emergency clause.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri as follows :

Sec. 1. — The State Board of Agriculture of the State of Missouri
shall appoint a State Inspector of Apiaries to aid and assist in the
development and protection of the honey industry in the Stale of
Missouri, and especially for the eradication and control of infectious
diseases known as foul brood, black brood, and bee-paralysis, some of
which are known to exist at the present time among some of the api-
aries of the State. Said Inspector of Apiaries shall be a practical api-
arist, and shall give to the State Board of Agriculture, before his
appointment, satisfactory evidence of his practical knowledge of
handling bees, and of their diseases, and shall hold his office for the
term of two years unless removed for cause.

Sec. 2. — Said Inspector shall, upon satisfactory evidence of the
existence of the disease known as foul brood, or other infectious dis-
eases among apiaries, examine such infected apiaries and all others in
the same locality, and if satisfied of the existence of foul brood, or
any other infectious disease, shall give to the owner or person having
charge of any such apiary full instructions as to the manner of treat-
ing them. Within a reasonable time after making the first examina-
tion, the Inspector shall make a second examination, and if the condi-
tions of any of the colonies affected are such as in his judgment render
it necessary he may personally treat the disease, or, if in his opinion
it is necessary to prevent further spread of the disease, and the owner
refuses to treat them according to the instructions of said Inspector,
then the Inspector may burn or otherwise destroy diseased comt) or
other material that might cause the spread of the infection.

Sec. 3. — The Inspector shall make a full report to the Secretary of
the Board of Agriculture at least once each year, stating the number
of apiaries inspected, the number found to be diseased, and the num-
ber treated, and such other information as he may deem important.
The Secretary of the Board of Agriculture shall publish in his Annual
Report, or otherwise, such of the information as he deems of impor-
tance to the apiarists of the State.

Sec. 4. — Said Inspector shall receive four dollars for each day
actually and necessarily spent in the performance of his duties, and
shall be reimbursed for the money expended by him in defraying
necessary traveling expenses : Provided, the total expenditure for
such purposes shall not exceed one thousand dollars in any one year :
Provided, further, that the said Inspector shall render to the Board of
Agriculture an itemized account of his per diem and expenses, and
upon approval of the same by the Executive Committee of the Board
of Agriculture, the President and Secretary of the Board are author-
ized to draw a warrant upon any available funds for the amounts
allowed.

Sec. 5. — Any owner of a diseased apiary, or any other person who
shall knowingly sell, barter, or give away any colony of bees, honey or
other article infected with disease, or expose other bees to the danger
of contracting such disease, or refuse to allow the Apiary Inspector
to inspect or treat such apiary, honey or other articles so infected
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not less than five
nor more than twenty-five dollars.

Sec. 6. — It being necessary to treat the diseases herein provided
for in the early spring, in order that satisfactory results may be ob-
tained, creates an emergency within the meaning of the constitution,
and this Act shall go into force and effect upon its passage and ap-
proval.

Notice to National Members. — TVe have received the fol-
lowing from General Manager France, of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association :

Platteville, Wis., Feb. 6, 1905.

FINANCIAL AID.

Dr. Miller's motion, passed by vote of Directors: " That in case
of litigation hereafter the financial aid extended by the National Bee-
Keepers' Association shall not exceed the sum of one-half the expense

March 9, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

181

incurred in such case ". It is not the object, expressed or implied, of
tlie Association to aid the several States to prosecute their burglars or
thieves. , It is the duty of the commonwealth to prosecute criminals.
Also collecting debts due our members, losses by fire or freight, or
other personal grievances should not be referred to the Association for
settlement. It has no such power to enforce civil law in the hands of
officers there for such purposes. City ordinances declaring bees a
nuisance, in most cases, are result of personal differences between
neighbors. I, therefore, ask you to make neighborly calls frequently,
and at times donate a little honey, and avoid trouble.

Make special effort to place your bees out of the cellar after wash-
day, so clothes on lines will not be spotted. Our bees have no right to
disturb people or stock in highways, or neighbors' premises. If you
have never receivtd a copy of my red-covered 37-page book on " Bee-
Keepers' Legal Rights ", free to every member, let me know and I
will send it.

If you send me samples of suspected diseased brood liy mail, be
sure it is in a light but strong box, so it will stand transfers by mail.
The same applies to samples of honey by mail.

N. E. France, Oen. Mgr.

Why Not Advertise?— Quite frequently we receive postal
cards with requests like the following:

" I want to sell my bees. It you know any one who desires to
buy, please refer him to me."

"I need a man to help me with my bees. If you know of any
good ijee-keeper wanting such place, tell him to write to me."

"I want to buy some bees. If you know of any for sale, let me
know about them."

It seems a good many people do not yet know that our advertising
columns are open to just such notices, and at the low rate of only 10
cents a line, one-half inch (or 7 lines) being the minimum space. This
would'Cost only 70 cents. Isn't it worth that small sum to find a man
to work in the apiary, or to sell your bees, or for any other business
you want to do?

One of the ways of raising the necessary money to pay our oflice-
help, to pay for white paper, for printing, office-rent, etc., is through
the use of our advertising columns by those who wish to buy or sell,
etc. We could not publish the American Bee Journal on subscription
receipts alone, when we furnish 53 copies for only $1.00. So we must
depend upon our advertising receipts to help out. And the advertis-
ing columns are open to any and every legitimate and honorable
advertiser.

-V (£on tribiitcb ^-
Special Ctrticlcs

=\

=/

Duties on Honey— The National Association.

BY C. P. DADANT.

I AM in receipt of letters on this question of duties on
honey, from Mr. Frank Rauchfuss, secretary of the Col-
orado Honey-Producers' Association, and from Mr.
Henry Reddert, secretary of the Southwestern Ohio and
Hamilton County Bee-Keepers' Association.

Both writers mention the fact that comb honey from
Cuba, of inferior quality, is now being sold in United States
markets. Mr. Rauchfuss, while hoping for an increase in
the tariff, says that if it were made compulsory upon im-
porters and dealers in foreign honey to label it plainly with
the country of its production, it would help matters a great
deal, as Cuban honey is not so good as the honey produced
here, and very much inferior to Colorado honey. The Ohio
beekeepers object to comb honey being imported on the
same duty as paid for extracted honey. All ask what is to
be done.

If the bee-keepers of this country desire an increase in
the tariff, they can surely obtain it by going at it in the
right way. It is, however, worth our while to take notice
of the fact that duty is always a two-edged sword. Ameri-
can honey has often been exported. When California pro-
duced enormous crops, which she is likely to do again, the
honey from the Pacific Coast flooded our markets and weut
to Europe. If we protect ourselves against the importation
of an article which we produce largely and may want to ex
port, it is quite likely that other countries will retaliate Dv
putting duties upon our products in the same line. A duty
on Cuban honey may protect us against Cuba, and, in the
meantime, France or Germany may consider that as we arc
forcing Cuban honey to flow in their direction, it is necei
sary to retaliate by putting an interdiction on the importa-

tion of all American honey, whether from North or South
America. ,

But if it is thought best by the bee-keepers of this coun-
try to obtain an increase of duty, it should be carried on in
a practical manner. The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion has appointed a legislative committee, but such a com-
mittee has neither the right nor the power to act without
instructions and backing. I believe that it is necessary
that this matter be thoroughly discussed in the bee-papers.

I strongly favor the compelling of labeling imported
honey with the mark of its origin. It is a fact that if all
that is sold under the name of honey could be sold exactly
for what it is, there would be no trouble in getting rid of
all our product. If the tons of fine honey from Colorado
were absolutely known by the consumer to be all pure
honey from alfalfa (just what it is), it would all sell readily
at good prices. If the glucose that has been mixed with ex-
tracted honey by unprincipled dealers was labeled just what
it is, there would be but little of it on the market, because
the demand for it would be killed. Cuban honey would
never sell at a price to compare with our home product. 1
believe, therefore, that we should lay great stress on obtain-
ing laws that will compel everything to be sold for what it
really is.

"The National Association is the proper channel througlr
which all National reforms for bee-keepers should be
secured, but just now the executive function is in bad
shape, owing to the sickness and death of the secretary.
Mr. Brodbeck was evidently between life and death several
months previous to his demise, and the last election of offi-
cers has never been reported by him. Mr. France, the Gen-
eral Manager, has taken upon himself many of the duties
of the secretary. It is now urgent that the Board of Direc-
tors should take steps towards the appointment of a new
secretary, if the returns can not be had, for the National
Association will become every day more necessary to the
welfare of the pursuit in this country. The time has gone
by when men fought their way through the world without
association and union with their fellow laborers. Even in
the most backward countries of Europe the need of union is
being felt for success. Hamilton Co., 111.

w
Honey and Pollen in Brood-Combs.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

I AM quite often written to by those who think their bees
store too much honey and pollen in the brood-combs, and
at a bee-convention, some years ago, I heard a man say
that he would give S50 for a machine that would remove
pollen from the combs without injuring them. And as a
letter is just at hand containing these words, " Will you
please tell me through the columns of the American Bee
Journal why my bees store so much pollen and honey in
the brood-combs just before the honey harvest ?" I thought
I would write a few words on the subject, believing that
others may be helped as well as the one asking the above.

Two things generally incite to the storing of too much
honey and pollen in the brood-combs at the beginning of
the season, or as soon as the bees become numerous and
active in May and June in this locality. The first is a poor
queen, or one which will not lay enough eggs so that the
increasing larva; from those eggs will consume what honey
and pollen is coming in from the fields. In other words,
the old or field bees are too numerous for the laying capacity
of the queen. The remedy in such a case as this is to-
change the queen for a younger and more prolific one. And
such a change of queens is best made in the fall, for it is
far better for a colony to have a prolific queen when spring
opecs than it is to try to introduce such a queen to take the
place of a failing one early in the season.

The other thing inciting to the storing of too much
honey and pollen in the brood-combs is too large a hive. If
the hive is too large for the capacity of a really good queen,
that colony is placed in nearly the same condition as is the
one having a failing queen in a smaller brood-chamber, for
if the season opens with any large amount of comb unoccu-
pied with brood, the bees will begin storing in the empty
comb in the hive rather than enter the sections to build
comb there or draw out comb foundation. And having once
commenced to store honey and pollen in any large quanti-
ties in the comb immediately surrounding the brood, the
bees will continue along this line to the detriment of our
crop of section honey, and often to the damaging of the
wintering success of this same colony.

But even with a good, prolific queen, and a hive of the

182

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 9. 1905.

right dimensions to accommodate her prolificness, it some-
times happens that the queen does not breed up to her full
capacity when pollen is coming in freely. Just why queens
do not breed sometimes when pollen is coming in very
rapidly is a mystery I have never been able to solve, though
I have spent much thought and study on the subject. The
nearest I have come to the matter is that, for some reason,
the bees fail to feed the queen on the stimulating food
usually given at all times when she is laying very pro-
lifically.

AH observing bee-keepers know that when queens are
laying at their best the bees give them food every few min-
utes, and many think this food is the same, or very nearly
so, as that which is fed to the larvae. But at these times,
when the combs are being crowded about the brood-nest
with pollen and honey, it is a rare thing that I find the bees
feeding the queen. For this reason I have always felt that
the fault lay with the bees rather than with the queen, and
if any one can devise a plan or way whereby the bees can
be caused to feed the queen abundantly at the time when
brood is being crowded with honey and pollen, he will have
the key to the situation, and be able to turn these things to
a good account by causing them to be changed over into
brood. But until such a plan has been devised, I will tell
the reader how I treat these combs that happen to be filled
with honey and pollen af times when it seems to be impos-
sible to coax the bees and queen to work in harmony in
turning these into brood at just the time the bee-keeper
would wish them to.

The excess, if any, in pollen comes from hard maple,
the same coming between the willow and apple bloom. At
this time some colonies will fill combs almost solid full of
pollen with more or less honey along the top edge of the
frame, and I used to remove these combs at such times and
put empty combs in their places, only to have them filled
again in two or three days. Finding that I did not gain
imuch here, I next put in dummies in place of the frames
'taken out, and when the sections were on, this would throw
-a greater force of bees into them, and thus as soon as any
-honey came from the fields it would go into the sections
and remove the honey part of the pressure from the brood-
combs. But, still later on with the advent of comb foun-
dation, I would simply shove these combs of pollen and
honey back toward the side of the hive, by removing an
outside comb if necessary, and place a frame of comb foun-
dation between the pollen and brood, and where honey
enough was coming in from the fields to cause them to draw
out this foundation the queen would fill it with eggs before
the cells seemed deep enough for the bees to do such work
at storing either pollen or honey in them, and thus I had
brood where I should get only pollen and honey were I to
put an empty comb in place of the foundation.

There is always something about drawing out founda-
tion or building comb that sets the bees to feeding the
queen more abundantly, and she in turn lays more vigor-
ously than when no comb is built ; and where combs can
toe drawn from foundation, or built from starters, there is
usually no trouble in having them filled with brood ; and
■where young brood is maturing rapidly much pollen is used,
thus keeping the combs from becoming overloaded with
pollen, and rearing a lot of bees for the harvest. But with
tne such large yields of pollen do not come more than once
in two or three years, and when they come they do not last
more than a week or ten days, after which the bees are
generally anxious for brood ; and what appeared as combs
nearly spoiled because they were so full of pollen, very
soon assumed a difi'erent aspect, and by the time the main
honey harvest arrived there was little more pollen than was
necessary in the hive. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; SCO for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the oflSce of the American Bee Journal.

See Langstroth Book Offer on another page of this
copy of the American Bee Journal. \

=\

©ur^Sistcr
BeeKecpcrs

Conducted by Emma. M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Increasing- the Home Demand for Honey.

J

The Editor asks, " Why do not more families use
honey ? What can be done by bee-keepers to induce them
to use it more than they do ?"

I believe there is only one answer to the question, and
that is the majority of bee keepers must first produce and
sell their honey differently than they do now. I believe
they are largely in the fault why honey is not used more.

The bee-keeper must not be above his business, but sell
his own honey in his own city or village. Many a man
ships his honey when the people in his own town or neigh-
borhood ought to be eating it, but because it is not brought
to them and their attention called to it they do not use it.

People like good food to eat, and will buy and use good
honey just as they will fresh eggs and the best butter, and
will be steady customers of the one who brings it to them.
The most important of all is that the honey be ripe ; not
extracted until it is all sealed over ; for honey taken any
other way will not build up a market on a firm foundation
that will grow and enlarge with time.

We have worked up a market in this way, and created a
demand for honey in our part of the city and country where
there was none to speak of before we came here. We are
not dependent upon commission men or grocery stores to
sell our honey. They do not know how to keep it, nor how
to create a demand for it — they sell only to the demand
already created.

We are happy that we can supply people with so health-
ful and delicious a food. The one that comes for a dime's
worth is waited upon as pleasantly and carefully as if he
had bought a gallon. I feel it a privilege to tell any one
the many uses of honey besides using it on the table. How
they could make their own vinegar, at small cost, and know
it was pure, instead of buying the adulterated stuff at the
stores that never ought to be eaten.

We never tire of honey, but eat it every day in the year ;
yet we know of bee-keepers who do not save enough for
their own use, but sell it at a lower price than they pay for
sugar. Surely, such bee-keepers ought not to expect other
people to use it. There are months at a time without a
pound of sugar in our house. On account of honey being
the most healthful, we use it in all places where sugar is
used except making jelly.

Fruit canned in sage honey is delicious, and when I
mention it to others they wonder that it can be used for that
purpose. I use enough to make a thick syrup on the fruit.
Satsuma plums are especially nice that way, and usually
opened when we have company. They are of a beautiful
blood-red color. I never have any fruit spoil, but use only
ripe honey, that was all sealed over before extracting.
Unripe honey would not keep the fruit.

The Germans are the best honey-buyers, and the ones
most likely to use it for cooking. They probably learned
to use it in their native country. People learn more readily
to use honey on the table than for cooking, and unless the
price is a Utile lower than sugar there will not be much in-
ducement to use it, so long as the market abounds in un-
ripe honey. Sugar is always the same quality, but honey,
bought from the stores, is almost always different in quality
and flavor. One time it may be white but thin ; sometimes
sour ; next time may be thicker, but dark and strong.
Often it is granulated. Few know how to liquefy it, or
want to be to the trouble of doing it. And some I have met
had supposed it was spoiled when in the granulated form.
Most people prefer mild-flavored honey because they are
used to sugar which has no flavor. At first some do not
like the flavor of honey in cooking. I did not, but after
years of using it I have learned to like the flavor. We are
afraid to use sugar.

About nine years ago we thought we could increase the
sale of our honey' by putting a label on eveiy section, jar
and pail of honey we sold, stating it was "Pure Mountain
Sage Honey ", and ©ur name and address so they would

March 9. 190S.

THfi AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

183

know where to get more. We gave away hundreds of "honey
cooking recipe " leaflets, but saw no increase in sales on
that account. They probably regarded them the same as
any other advertising leaflet. A part of the people do not
read much. Another part do not heed if they do read. But
the bee-keeper who retails his honey has a chance to educate
all classes. Finally we dropped the extra labor of putting
on the labels, as the honey was always sold by taste and
^id not seem to need them. Now I give the leaflets only to
those who are interested sufficiently to use some of the
recipes. The honey has always made the demand for the
leaflets instead of the leaflets selling the honey.

Los Angeles Co., Calif. Mrs. C. W. Dayton.

Mrs. Dayton has given us many helpful suggestions in
her very excellent letter. She tells what they have actually
done, so she knows what she is talking about. If we all did
as much as she has done about using honey for cooking,
canning, etc., and trying to get others to use it, too, it
surely would help materially in increasing the sales and
prices of our honey. She says, " We are afraid to use
sugar". Perhaps more of us ought to be afraid to use it,
too. We might be if we were wiser.

No doubt she is right about people having to learn to
like the flavor of honey in cooking. You know we have to
learn to like many things we eat, and afterwards become
very fond of. Why not the flavor of honey, especially if it
is so much better for our health to use it ?

=\

Clftcrtl^ougl^ts

=/

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable GlasseB.
Bj E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

LOVELY AND LOVABLE CALIFORNIA.

Prof. Cook is evidently not like the homesick individual who talks
up his locality to sell out and get away. Jlis words about California
are the words of a sincere lover — and not a new, love-at-flrst-sight
lover either. Lovable climate, inspiringly lovable scenery, deliciously
lovable fruits, fraternally lovable people — not so phlegmatic and uq-
responsive as people in other States— and once a Californian never
long contented anywhere else. But I have a brother who has recently
lived six years in California, and previous to that a number of years in
the Magdalena Mountains of New Mexico, and I find the fascinations
of the Magdalenas stick to him more persistently than those of Cali-
fornia do. Page 3".

CROSSWISE FRAMES AND CLOSED ENDS.

So Allen Latham thinks crosswise frames and closed ends are a
pair that should go together, or not at all. Will not be very hard to
agree on that — because, you see, most of us will take the second alter-
native. And while sitting on this contrary horn some of us would ask
him whether he beHeves that story he told on three generatioas of our
ancestors carrying stones on a horse's back to balance corn. I sup-
pose, he sits waiting for us to answer the question, Why not tilt our
■dwellings forward to keep the rain from driving in under the front
door? Tolerably pert question that — even if his deductions are not
any more correct than his stories. Page 37.

SHEEP IN THE APIART.

It's quite a few years since I have had sheep within constant eye-
shot, but it doesn't seem to me that they are much given to rubbing.
So, Dr. Miller, I would suggest that their badness in moving hives
comes not from rubbing but from their inclination to crowd one
another. Whole Hock, be it little or big, makes a " Hying wedge " of
. itself. A sheep on one side, and toward the front, gets caught against
I the side of the hive, and then both sheep and hive are pushed sidewise
by the joint force of the flock. Even when there are but three, two
may get the third one fast and hold it until its struggles do mischief.
Page 40.

APICCLTURE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

Bad blood, cross purposes, personal ends, and queer statements—
hardly worth while to afterthink them a great deal, if we can only
leave them behind us effectively. How much apiculture has suffered
from them ! Mr. Benton's very valuable paper (page 41 and page 57)
reminds of that once more — and happily does us some much better
jobs, also.

Nice that it's the " nater of things" to grow! Entomology,
which includes Apiculture, at Washington, not so very long ago was
only a chair with one sitter— and he not a cent to use in any investi-
gation under the sun. Entomology had the man; and Apiculture's
share in the business was some interest and hope the man liad toward
it. " And she grows, and she grows," and alter awhile we see two
or more men. All were at work at Entomology ; but one of them had,

in addition to interest and hope, an excellent knowledge of bees.
'* And she grows, and she grows,'' and after awhile one man experi-
ments, in a clandestine sort of way. He didn't do this with U.S.
bees, for there were none, but with his own bees. " And she grows,
and she grows," and at length (in a sporadic, " now you see it, and
now you don't " sort of way) a modest appropriation comes just for
once. " And she grows, and she grows,'' andas a finality Apiculture
is now expected to have some money to work with every year. The
chair has grown a Bureau ; and the set of notions in the sitter's head
has grown a Division of the Bureau.

CAUCASIAN RACE OF BEES.

And so the Caucasian bees are to have the first place on the stage
in Uncle Sam's own apiary. Soon we shall have official knowledge of
what their wonderful disinclination to sting amounts to, and whether
their troublesome forwardness to swarm makes them undesirable when
in the hands of a competent man. Page 5S.

GIANT BEES AND THE PHILIPPINES.

When Mr. Benton went after the giant bees he didn't quite fetch
'em. But, that memorable first of May, Dewey, he fetched 'em. Now
it's our duty, don't you see, to benevolently assimilate our new mil-
lions into the comforts and sweetnesses of Apiculture. So, when
things grow a little more, it will be one of the simplest outcomes to
have a U. S. branch apiary on Mindanao or Palawan, or some other
island, and learn a heap of things about wax-culture with the giant
bees. And then we must induct the much enduring Filipino into a
new and profitable business — a business hopefully suitable for lazy
folks like he'uns and we'uns. Page h9.

=\

Doctor miller's
Question '- Box

=/

Sena Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Difficulties In Answering Questions.

In attempting to make reply to questions coming from so many
different sources, and covering almost the whole ground of bee-cul-
ture, one can not but feel the limitation of one's knowledge, and en-
tertain some degree of fear lest harm be done by giving wrong replies.
So it is a comfort to know that sharp eyes are upon this department,
and that little error is likely to appear without being brought to light
by some good friend.

It is not entirely clear to me, however, that there is anything in-
correct in the reply on page 40, to which Allen Latham takes excep-
tion, page 126. Mr. Latham says;

" If it were late in the fall it would, indeed, be best to give the
full comb of honey; but the question reads otherwise."

The question does not definitely state that fall or winter feeding
is meant, but the question coming in January, and referring to no
earlier period of feeding than " late summer ", when bees were rob-
bing, I felt warranted in understanding it to mean when brood-rearing
had ceased. It hardly seemed necessary to give the caution not to
destroy brood. Even if brood were present, it would be all right to
give a comb of honey, and if it were desired to aid the nucleus with
brood a comb of honey containing brood could be given. Candy is
npt advised to keep up brood-rearing, nor was it so intended.

Mr. Latham expects his nuclei to be ahead of his full colonies in
swarming. Probably few can succeed so well with one-frame obser-
vatory hives. C. C. Miller.
*-*-♦

Higlibarger's Record of Queens.

Referring to the sample given from record-book, page 131, L.
Highbarger writes me his plan of keeping record. He says:

" A lath-nail driven in slightly at the entrance of the hive at the
left hand side shows that there is present an undipped queen. Driven
in at the center it shows a clipped queen one year old. At the right,
with another nail added, it shows that the queen is clipped and two
years old, and that is as old as I care to keep queens.

" If you should come into my yard, I can give you the age of
every queen, and tell whether clipped or not, merely by glancing at
the nails. So when I go to clipping I don't need to open any hive ex-
cept those with the one nail at the left. Of course, I have to look out
for superseding."

A reference to page 121 will show that the nails would save the
entry " 03 " in one place and " q cl " iu another, but that is all. The
remainder of the record would still be needed, and needed not at the
hive, but in a book where I can look it up while lying on a lounge in
the house or on the way to an out-apiary, or even ten years afterward.
Neither would the nails aid me at the spring clipping (the one time in
the year when a business of clipping is made), for without looking in
the hive there's no way of telling whether the queen has been super-
seded or not.

For those, however, who do not care for other records, and want a
quick way of knowing something about the queen in each hive, Mr.

184

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 9, 1905.

Highbarger's method commends itself by its simplicity and conven-
ience.

Tbis gives me opportunity to mention an omission on pajre 121,
probably due to the lack of anything within reach of the typesetter
that would make the right character. June 13 the first super was
given, and the blank left by the printer at that place should be filled
with a plain square. C. C. Miller.

— ■ -«-•-* '

Size of 10-Pratne Lansstroth Hive.

What is the size of a 10-frame Langstroth hive, with plenty of
room for a dummy ? Kansas.

Answkb.-

-18J^xlO>^xl4%, inside measure.

Shipplns Bees.

We are about moving to Minnesota, and have 6 colonies of bees
which we would like to take with us. What is the best way to ship
i^am^. Illinois.

Answek.— The important thing is to fasten hives in the car so
they will not move. Put them in the car with the frames running
parallel with the tracks. (In a wagon they should be crosswise.) If
there is plenty of room, so that each hive can be on the car floor, nail
cleats an inch thick onto the floor so as to hold the hives in place. If
they have to be piled up, then a board from one side to the other may
brace them. Have them at the end rather than the middle of the car.
At this time of year a good-sized entrance closed with wire-cloth will
give air enough, but in warmer weather more ventilation will be
needed. Make sure that everything is fastened securely so no bees
shall leak out.

Queens Mating More than Once-Dead Bees at the Hive-
Entrance-Brood Dying in ttie Spring.

There is a rumor going the rounds that queens leave their hives to
meet the drones after they have been mated successfully. Some very
prominent apiarists insist that they have seen laying queens leave
their hives the second time to meet the drone.

1. With your experience what importance, if any, do you attach
to this matter?

2. If queens meet the drone more than once do you think this
renders them more prolific than a single mating?

3. If by meeting the drone more than once queens become more
prolific, will not the wing-clipper have to go?

4. Two colonies of equal strength, equal stores, queens equal in
proliflcness, packed exactly alike for winter, yet at tne entrance of
one ten times more dead bees are found than at the other. Why?

5. Will not some of the brood perish in the spring from natura'

causes? KENTtJCKT.

Answers. — 1. I do not know of any case in my own experience,
yet that does not prove that there is no such thing as second mating.
Others claim to ha^e seen it.

2. Probably a queen that has mated twice is no better off than
other queens.

3. Clipping has nothing to do in the case. A queen is not clipped
till after she begins laying, and I think no one claims that a queen
ever mates after beginning to lay.

4. There may tie a materiardifference in the age of the workers,
or some other diflerence not easily recognized.

5. It I understand your question correctly, I don't believe there
ought to be death of brood in a normal colony in spring if everything
is all right. When brood dies there is probably something wrong.

Fastening Foundation-

Stimulative
Hives.

Feeding-Making

I have been studying up some questions to see if I can stick Dr
Miller.

■ 1. I have been putting foundation into a lot of frames, and having
on hand plenty of good wax I have crossed the wires with quite a
heavy layer of wax, and also have run some all along the inside of the
frames, and allowed any that dropped on the frame or foundation to
remain where it fell. Have I helped or hindered the bees?

3. In this State we are liable to have fine, warm weather early in
the spring. Trees are all in bloom, grass growing, and everything as
beautiful as can be. Then a fierce northwest wind comes along and
we have a freeze-up and perhaps snow— in fact, real winter weather in
the summer. In such case what time would you begin to feed for
stimulating?

3. In making hives ffor Hoffman frames) I find that by making
an 8-frame body just a little wider inside than standard width I can
barely slip 9 frames in without a division-board, and that the sides of
the hive will just hold the 9 frames snug together. Now, if one does
not use a board in a 10-frame hive what is wrong with this 9frame
hive that can be used either under or above an ordinary dovetailed 8-
frame hive? Nebraska.

Answers.— 1. It's not so hard to stick me as you suppose, but it
you would stick the wax that you used to stick on the wires upon lit-
tle sticks such as I use, your foundation would stick in the right place
just as satisfactorily and without leaving at the bottom a space for the
bees to stick their heads through. However, the bees will probably

consider themselves helped rather than hindered by what you have
done, provided you don't mind the time and wax used.

3. Very likely I wouldn't commence at all; I don't here. But if I
did, it would probably be after the time of fruit-bloom.

3. The same thing that's wrong with a 10-frame hive with no-
division-board or dummy — too hard work to get out the first frame. If
you don't want to get into the habit of using bad language, don't
make more than one till you know how you like it.

What is Honey ?-Are Bees Wild or Domestic ?-
Hatch More than Once?

Do Bees.

I notice on page 89 that Dr. Miller hardly thinks all liquid sweets-
gathered and stored by bees could be called honey.

1. If liquid sweets as gathered by the bees, clarified or rectified,
distilled and digested in their laboratory, and stored in waxen cells is-
not honey, what is it?

2. Do bees belong to the wild or domestic animals? Much de-
pends upon this fact, for all know that domestic animals deterioriate
by inbreeding, and wild animals retain their original perfection. We-
are inclined to believe they belong to the wild.

3. My attention has been called to the word "hatch". Do bees-
hatch more than once? Would it not he better to have bees hatdi
once, and emerge to come into existence? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. There is certainly a difference between a piece of
comb filled with material gathered from clover blossoms and onfr
filled with sugar svrup, no matter how much manipulated by the bees,
and it is hardly to the interest of either the public or Ijee-keepers that
the one filled with sugar syrup should be called honey. I don't know
what is the best name for it — bow would " sugar syrup " do ?

3. They are considered wild when in hollow trees, etc., without
any owner; domestic when in the possession of man.

Are you sure that all know that there is a distinct line between
domestic and wild animals, making inbreeding wrong for the former
and right for the latter?

3. You are quite right; it would be better to say that the larva-
" hatches " from the egg, and the young bee " emerges " from tii&
cell. Indeed, you will find that quite often the word " emerges " is
used in that way, although generally it is said that the young bee=
hatches out of the cell.

A Queen-Bee Free as a Premium.— We are now
bookini^ orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered
in May or June. This is the premium offer : To a sub-
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will give an un-
tested Italian queen for sending us one new subscription with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time 'o-
get new subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many you want
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
oflSce of the American Bee .Journal.

" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song — words by Hon-
Eugene Secor and music by Dr. C. C. Miller. This is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller. It is, indeed, a "hummer." We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents. Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of it for
sending us one new yearly subscription to the Americani
Bee Journal at $1.00.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the

subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the ofiSce of .the
American Bee Journal.

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

*-•-*

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook ;
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
It. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

March 9, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

185

PtTBLISHED WKKKLY BY

eEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, i>u
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THB WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscriptioii ispai-i.
For instance. "deco4" on your label shows that it 13
paid to the end ot December, 1904.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.
1st.— To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful rlffhta.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annua! Membership Dues, $1.00.
General Manager and Trensurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, "Wlj,

yy If more convenient, Dnes may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee JournaL

«^°~° tvoRTtf or

Wi7f»IW

I want to
get in touch with every
buyer of seeds. My plan of giv-
ing $5 worth of tested seeds free,
is worth knowing. It includes a
chance to mal^e more dollars. Send
for catalog and get packet of choice
tiower seeds FREE. Apostal willdoit.

HENRY FIELD

Boi aO

Hhcnan3oaht la.

••Tht Ear-!ked-Com

ItNK^T^"

SHE

NANBO»ii:

FOR SALE

Several Hundred Cases

i Nevada
WliUeAlfalfaHoney

PRICE— T'i cents per pound, or §9.00 per
case of two bO-pound cans, f.o.b. Chicago.
Two cases or more at 7 cents per pound.
Write for special price on larger quantities.
Guaranteed absolutely Pure. Sample, lOo.

H. L. WEEMS,

P.O. Box 267, - CHICAGO, ILL.

7A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Basswood Trees.

» to 10 feet, 25 cents; 6 to 8 feet. 20 cents; 4 to
6 feet, 15 cents. G. W. PETRIE,

10A3t FAIRMONT, MINN.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Jlcports a\\i)
(Experiences

Bees Wintering Weli.

I have been in the bee-business for 25
years, and, at the present writing, have 52
colonies in good shape. I pulled through one
nucleus, with an 18-below-zero freeze at that.
I would lil<e to tell the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal some facts I have learned
about bees if the Editor would be pleased to
have me do so. Evan E. Edwards.

Madison Co., Ind., Feb. 27.

[Mr. Edwards, that is just what we want
you and others to do — to send us interesting
facts that have been learned in the manage-
ment of bees. You are hereby invited to send
in your share of those facts!— Editor.]

Zepo Weather in Kansas.

We have had much zero weather lately, but
it is now warmer and the snow is melting
rapidly. The bees in my apiary seem to be
safe so far, with abundant stores to last until
warm weather. G. Bohrer.

Rice Co., Kans., Feb. 16.

"TELEPHONE ;S;;

& book of TTK^aty telephone information pivint' juet
what the farmer vcaots to know about 'phones. A
"BtraiRht rmm the ehouldtr" tails. A bonk that
will post ynii how to buy ripht. Sent free If yoa
•,sk for IxK.k 1" 80 Address nearest ofllce.

Stromb«rg-Cirlion Tel. Co., Rochestfr, N. Y., Chlcigo. III.

TUB

Dixie Home

ruease mentloa Beeionmai -wnen writ?---

lO OBIVTS A YtAK.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustratbd Maga-
ziNB in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
dnceltONLY.

It la bright and up-
o-date. Tells all abont Southern Home Life,
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
'uildlngs and famous people. Send at once.
Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere In the U.S., Can-
ida and Mexico. Six years, SOc. Or, clubs of
5 names, SOc; n for$l. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps taken. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
?lA4St Nn. 7.ii. BlrmlnBham '• '

Bee-Keepers' SuDDlies.

Send for Catalog.

I Lealiii Mfg. Go., East St. Louis,llls.

Getting Bees Out of a Chimney-
Feeding Bees.

Two or three years ago my brother aslsed
"Our Dr. Miller", at the Chicago conven-
tion, the question, '' How can I get a colony
of bees out of a chimney without removing a
brick?" The Doctor answered somewhat like
this: " I don't know; guess the best way
would be to turn the chimney upside down
and dump the bees out ".

Well, that might have been the simplest
way, it the Doctor could have sneezed a tune
up the chimney the waj- he did it for that
convention. But we had perfect success by
another plan, and this is the way we did it:

We placed a hive-body on top of the chim-
ney, leaving only one entrauce in front of
the hive; then placed two frames of comb
containing'dead bees and a little honey right
over the opening in the chimney, closed the
hive e.xoept the entrance, fastened it with

2A16t

Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

EVERGREENS

iforest trees, nursery grown and hardy

everywhere. All sizes for all purposes.

«.t lowest prices. 60 bartraln lots, all

first class, prepaid, %\ to JIO per 100.-

Catalogiie and bargain sheet free.

D. Kill, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III.

Poultry Catalog Free.

33 varieties; Best, cheapest ia the West; Il-
lustrated, How to Raise Poultry; Make heas
lay. Box 451 I. S. MINSHALL,

lOAtf DEL ^ VAN, WIS.

High in Quality
Low in Price

Fruitful Trees

Millions of Fruit and Fore.st Trees. Apples, Peaches.
Cherries, Grapes and Strawberries. R. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on HO orders. Guaranteed to reach you freah
and bright. Don't miss our free catalogue.

' GAGK COUNTY NVRSERIES
Box 646 Beatrice, Neb.

Please mention See Jottmal -wneu -writing,

An Autograph Copy

Of Dr. Miller's Book,

Form Years fliiionD itie Bees.

We have some copies of Dr. Miller's book in which he himself has written
on the front blank page — " Cordially Yours,

C.C. MILLER."

This book is cloth-bound, 328 pages, and tells Dr. Miller's methods and
management. Price, 31.00, postpaid : or the book and the Weekly American Bee
Journal one year — both for $1.75. jE?" Be sure to mention " Autograph Copy "
if you desire that kind.

Dr. Miller's Book Sent Free as a Premium.

To one whose subscription to the American Bee Journal is paid to the end
of this year or later, we will mail an AUTOQRAPH COPY of this book FREE
for sending us ..so NEW yearly subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each.

K46 Years
K' Amonz
n the Bees

'l

^^PVi"**"

\

-ADDRESS-

American Bee Journal,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

The Americau Bee Journal is in its IMh year.

1S6

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 9, 1905.

^GODDLUCKtoPLANTERS^

loF SALZER'S SEEDS

ALFALFA CLOVER

We are lieartnuarlers for Alfalfa, tlio kind yiekluig 7 tons per
acre . s.-ilzer's Alsiko Clover, hardy as oak, yielduig 5 tons of
inamiiliient h.ay per aere. We are tlje largest growers in the
worl.l .it Jlanimoth Ued riover, of Crimson Clover, of June
ClcvM , Timothy and all sorts and varietiesof grasses.

TEOSINTE AND BILLION DOLLAR GRASS

i;reatest green food on earth, yields 80 tons per acre, shqnld
be i.laiited on every farm in America, enormously prolific.
Billion Hollar Grass yields 7 to 14 tons hay per acre.

SALZER'S NATIONAL OATS

Greatest Oats of the century, yielding in forty States from
:no to 3(10 bushels per acre. Kvery farmer in America can have
such yields in 1905. .Salzer positively guarantees this, nften
«i strong, heavily laden stocks from one kernel of seed ! 1 "at
is the se.-ret of iti enormous yield. Straw strong, stiff, stands
like a slone wall. Nothing ever seen like it before.

HOME BUILDER CORN

So named because 50 acres in 1902 produced so enoruiously
that the product built a beautiful house, see Salzer SC atalog.
It IS tlic earliest, big-eared and heaviest Yellow Dent Corn on
earth yielding in Indiana, 157 bushels; in Ohio, 1«0 bushels;
in Tenii., 1»» bushels, and in Jlich., aro bushels.

SPELTZ AND MACARONI WHEAT

Sneltz is the greatest cereal food on earth, yielding 80 bushels
of grain and 4 tons orhay per acre. Macaroni \\ heat, doing
well on all soils, yielding SO bushels per acre. Hanna Itarley
for arid, dry smis, yields 75 bushels per acre ; and Salzer's
Beardless liarley, 121 bushels.

ONION SEED. 60c. A POUND

Largest stocks of Vegetable Seed. Prices low !

FOR 10c IN POSTAGE STAMPS

and the name of this paper, we wdl send you a lot of farin
seed samples, fully worth tlO.oii. to get a start, together with
our nilmmoth 140 page brilliantly illustrated catalog, pamted
from nature, alone worth $100.(ki to every wide-awake farmer.

JOHN A.SAIZER SEED CO.

LA CROSSE.WIS.

Diumer's Foundation i§ me Best.

Send for Catalog", Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
increase over 1903.

Working- Wax into Fouodation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation,

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

T'oundation for Cash a Specialty.
Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Founda

GUS DITTMER> Augusta. Wis,

\ BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % GRATES %

-SEND TO THE

wire, and left it undisturbed until fall. Then
I found the bees had " moved up ", and a fine
swarm they were. They filled a 10-frame hive
chock-full. Placing an escape-board upside
down on top of the chimney and under the
hive, finished the job.

I used to buy bees in box-hives and transfer
them, as per the text-books, but I don't any
more; it's too uncertain and expensive.

Here is the way I got several good colonies
just for the trouble, and a beginner could do
it just for the experience.

1 called on a bee-keeping farmer of the old
school who I knew used the sulphur-pit
method, and in the course of our conversa-
tion asked him if he had ever tasted honey
without the sulphur flavor. He had not, and
became interested when I informed him that
if he had no objections I would take the bees
home and leave him the old hive with its
combs of hooey free from any dead bees,
brood, or sulphur gas. All I did was to drum
the bees, mark the date, and make a second
drumming 21 or 22 days later. The result
pleased the farmer. By running one or two
of the strongest colonies for extracted honey
without the extracting, one is sure of good
colonies with good winter stores; and if the
transfer is made late, as I transferred one big
colony last fall (the first week in November),
only one drumming is necessary, using the
escape-board and treating the box-hive as a
super of honey.

Next spring, it you want to feed the bees
some grist as a substitute for pollen, make an
arrangement like this:

Select a pretty good cast-away hive with a
portico, nail a lath across the lower edge of
the portico and bottom-board, then nail a
board to the back end for a leg to tip the hive
to an angle of about 45 degrees; nail a couple
of strips across the inside of the bottom-board,
make an inch auger-hole near the top of each
side, hinge the cover, and your " rabbit-
trap " feeder is ready to be set down any-
where in the bee-yard, facing the south.
Place a little flour in the portico for a starter;
then cover the bottom thickly, and you will
soon have a bad cse of robbing. The lath
on the portico oatL s the waste; the auger-
holes are to let the bees out should the en-
trance become clogged, and the cover keeps
out the rain and fowls or other molefters.
Dbr Imker.

Bees Almost a Failure.

Bees in this locality have been almost a
failure as far as profit is concerned.

The last two years they have done very
poorly, and bee-supplies are so high, and
honey so low, it does not pay to keep more
bees than enough for our own use.

Benton Co., Minn., .Jan. 30. E. L. Cook.

Bees Wintering All Right.

My bees are in the cellar and are all right
so far, but we have very much snow and it is
very cold— 30 degrees below zero to-day.

I think there can not be too many reports
and experiences in the American Bee Journal.
I always read them first. I have had bees
four years, and won't take ?200 for what 1
have learned with the bees and in the " Old
Reliable". A Farmer.

Vernon Co., Wis., Feb. 13.

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders tiUJan. 1,1905.

Foul Brood and Its Treatment.

Foul brood has made its appearance in this
county, the disease is spreading rapidly, and
unless checked soon it will destroy the bee-
industry in this locality.

My own experience is possibly about the
same as others here who keep a small number
of colonies.

Last spring I commenced with 10 colonies
all fairly strong, owing to the mildness of the
preceding winter. During the swarming sea-
son my number was increased to 19 hives.
Discovering foul brood in one colony I de-
stroyed it, but not before its weakness was dis-
covered by the bees and the honey carried
away. Later, on close examination, I found
S colonies infected, all of which had plenty of
honey to keep them, and even several sections
full in the supers. However, I killed all those
bees having foul brood and took the honey,

March 9, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

187

but can't use it. Could it be treated so as to
be fed to the healthy bees without endanger-
ing them' andean the hives and supers with
the sections in be used if thoroughly cleaned
and fumigated* One dislikes to burn good
-double hives even worse than to lose the bees.

How can the wax be extracted and made
salable?

Several of your readers here would be in-
terested in the answers to the foregoing ques-
tions, which we hope will be published.

Saline Co., Kan., Feb. 8. J. B. Johns.

[We referred the above to Mr. N. E. France,
■who replies as follows: — Editor.]

First, where did you get foul brood? That
must be cured before your treatment will be
successful. No need to burn or destroy any
bees or hives to cure foul brood.

Honey from infected hives can be boiled so
as to be safe to feed, but I do not recommend
that you do so. Better eat or sell the honey
for table use. It is not harmful for people to
•eat. It boiled to kill all disease it will be
much darker and of poor flavor. Hives and
supers, if scraped clean, are safe to use at
once. The infected combs, after brood in
them is hatched, should be melted by steam
or boiling water, not in a solar wax-extractor.
The wax is safe to make foundation from.

Treat infected colonies at the beginning of
jour honey harvest, using the McEvoy treat-
ment. Be very careful all the time that all

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE

50 lbs. or over, at 5 cents per pound. Address,
5\9t JOShPH SHAW, Strong; City, Kans.

bo SJBO.C 7 J oi g mojj 'isv.\ puy

5ino 03 a3A3^i

a

OxisviLLE. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything In
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 yearf . In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
tfood cnonph for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Frbd Fodner,

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amouuistomaDy times
the costof Luiiibert'8 Death to
L,ice — the sure preventive. Loss
can he taved aud profit made by
ils use. Frees silling hens from
lice without harming egKS or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. UK) f /».. by express, $I.'JU.

O. K, STOCK r«OR CO..

1>. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Hide., Chlcneo. III.

li'ORMAS

BEE-SUPPLIES

J/<CJ^ Lewis* Goods at Factory Prices ^^

Best shipping-point in United States.

Special inducements on Bee-Hives. 88 pag-e Catalog — good information for all
r; I I 1 bee-keepers — free.

ASK ABOUT OUR FREE POCKET-MIRRORS.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,E.ffis,.In(liaiiapolis,lii(l.

iPJease mention Bee Journal "when "WTitine

1
1

1 mportant to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of goods you want.
They are the HOOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estima e and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

JOSEPH NYSEWANDER '567/s''6rw'"'7.HstDes Moines, Iowa

S S -14ESt

▼"K

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Prlce-List.

ourHI^V^ES apsid SEOTIOIsTS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

8 By sending in your order now, you will, SAVE MONEY, and

0 secure prompt shipment.

0 We will allow y a cast discount of 3 percent on orders sent in during January.

I PAGE & LYON MFQ. CO., New London,Wis. us.a ^
" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder" -^

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. I |j Stnd
Send for free catalORue. | fof

BANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER. INOIANA. FrtsCitaloc °

Flease mention Bee Joumai wben writing

BEE-SUPPLIES

f those
if you

Root's Goods at Root's frlces

#-#

Everything used by BeeKeepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

I^ow Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every
will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw

WALTER S. POUDER. i

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. X

Please Jleulion the American Bee Jonrnal l^'inSm^

168

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 9. 1905.

1

infection in combs or lioney is treated wben
and where bees will not come in contact with
it. Avoid drug treatments.

Combs never having had foul brood in
them are safe to use, and if cleaned perfectly
by the bees of all honey, even if once over
infected combs, they are safe to use.

N. E. France.

Severe Winter— Divisible Brood-
Cliambep Hives.

Until about Feb. 1 we had the finest winter
for bees that could be wished for, but for the
last 10 days we have bad an almost continual
blizzard with about 12 inches of snow, which
drifted over the hives on the summer stands
as fast as it could be shoveled away.

February 12 two colonies were found to be
almost dead from want of air, and some
others suffering. I then gave fresh air from
above which seemed to quiet them. But Feb.
13 the thermometer stood at 28 degrees below
zero and the snow was still drifting; Feb. 14
it was 15 degrees below and still storming;
Feb. 15, 10 below, but still, and at noon 15
degrees above zero. Some hives were entirely
covered with hard, packed snow. By the aid
of a scoop-shovel I cleared away all the snow
in front of the hives, and found all colonies
in good condition except 6, which suffered
badly for want of air, and were restless, some

Rid Rardain ^^ hives of bees, about fi

Dl^ Dai sail! i(Mr.,rest8-£r.; part hybrid;
with Novice Ex., 12 qti-ex. zinc, veil, smoker,
fdo fastener, 3 books— all for $1C0. All on stands
in Bardwell, Ky. Qnick If you mean business.
9A2t J. H. COLLINS.

Langstroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street.

CHICARO. ILL

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

FOR &ALBI

New empty lu L. Frame Kedwood Hive-
Bodies — 30 cents each.

H. VOGELER,

210 Davis St., San Francisco, Cai.ii--.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS i CHICAGO.

Best and Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Arnd, Manager.

Having decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalog- and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Ooods
at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY f^^^^ CO.

( Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co. )

H. M. ARND, Mgr, 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

li^" Beeswax talcen in exchange for Bee-Supplies, or for Cash.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD riANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name aad Address on one side— Three Bees on the other side.

[This Ctrr is the ii"oi,i. Size op the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife.— Wben orderiug, t>e sure to say jost what name and

itddress you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
lerneath the celluloid, oa one side of the haudle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Qneen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The balsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage. ^

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
awner will never recover it; but if the ** Novelty " is lost, having name and address*
9f owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for«
tunate as to have one of the "'Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and ia
case of death, your relatives will at ouce be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento conld a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipieut on one side?

The accompanyiag cut gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thisjbeautiful knife, as tly» ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to th<
one sending us \ sree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with Siw.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO. GhicagalU

il^Pleaae alloc "^bont two weeks for your knife order to be tilled.

^

W^

i

March 9, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

V9

\f A SOLID FOUNDATION ^

V^ MEANS y

JL A SOLID HOUSE. ^

5mdant's foundation k

^ Solid, straight, Weil-Built Combs. ^

^^W Ja^"' -'fe -alfe -Js^iL £^^L

4 iio.ooo Pounds ^"^n' 1904;'^" J^
^ Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-Heepers' Sunn|ie$ |^

^ BEESWAX WANTED at all times. Pla H d n + J^ <^rkt^ c- f^
£ Send for ourl905 Catalog. l^dUdil L CV A^Ullr^ ^^

M HAMILTON, ILL. |V

Ijeee having crawled above the cushions.
All hives having divisible brood chambers,
that is, having 16 shallow frames in two
supers instead of 8 regular Langstroth frames,
were in excellent condition, bees being per-
fectly quiet and enjoying repose. This is the
third winter that the divisible brood-chamber
bas shown itself to be better for winter, prob-
ably because bees could move easier from one
comb to another in cold weather. In very
cold weather they consume honey very fast,
and any aid to their changing from the
■empty to a full comb is certainly a benefit.

Last winter was a very hard one on bees,
and I lost 19 colonies, but none of those in
<livisible brood-chamber hives. All came out
■strong, and the first super of honey was from
one of those hives. This kind of a hive has
some drawbacks, but wintering is not one of
them.

There is very little white clover in pastures
as the blue-grass has crowded it out, or, at
least, it appeared so last fall. So I do not
look for a very good honey season. Bass-

Drr irrPPPBQ l send meyonr orders for
DLL ^LbTLaO , bee-SUPPLIES fornext
year's use, and get the discount: Oct., 6 percent;
Nov., 5 percent; Dec, 4 percent. The above dis-
count does not apply to honey-packages. Send
for catalog. W.J.McCarty, Emmetsbnrg, Iowa
44Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

ll/ontpH Man 20 to 30 years old capable of
IlQlluUU takintf charge of an apiary of 200
colonies. Can give employment balance of year
collecting and soliciting for lumber and coal,
la answeriue give reference and salary ex-
pected. TRESTER SUPPLY GO. LINCOLN NEB
6Atf Please mention the nee Journal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial Btone. Practically inde-
structible, and iriviag- entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

The Cause of Low Prices. |

We are located in the center of the lumber manufacturing- district. Nature fur- ^

nishes us power at a nominal cost (St. Anthony Falls). Our shipping* facilities are ^

unlimited; our machines are of the most modern type, running at a hig^h rate of speed, ^

; capable of turning out the largest quantities per day. ^

We save freight on our raw material and save on fuel and abor, consequently are ^

' able to sell at a less price than would be possible otherwise. ^^

The quality of our products is standard, and guaranteed lu be such. Money back ^

if not satisfied. ^

JOHN DOLL & SON, f

■^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN, g

Please laentlon Bee J ouniaa wiien WTTime

wood bloomed so heavily last year that we
can not expect a heavy bloom this year; but
if I fail to get any surplus honey it will be the
first entire failure in 22 years.
Knox Co., 111., Feb. 15. .J. E. .Johnson.

Fastening Foundation in Sections-
Selling Honey.

I can answer P. D. Jones' question on page
110. Buy a Daisy foundation fastener, and
you will have little trouble.

I used poplar 4-piece sections last year, and
had no trouble.

1 had 13,000 pounds of honey last year. I
am now getting 13 cents a pound for ex-
tracted, 1.5 cenis for comb honey, and .S20 per
day. I do nothing but sell and deliver.

John C. Stewart.

Nodaway Co.. Mo., Feb. 12.

Selling Honey Conscientiously.

In answering a letter of mine (page 40) Dr.
Miller accuses me of having a conscience.
Herein lies my secret of selling honey. I
mean always to have a name among my neigh-
bors for keeping my word. If I have some
poor, unfilled sections I sell them at what
they are worth. It my sections turn out as
we all like to have them, I charge accordingly.
My motto is, "Absolutely pure "whether it
is wax or honey. It I place sections on sale
in the store with my name written thereon, it
is understo'.J that the honey was produced
by my own bees.

I am in a small village in the suburbs of a
large city. One of our wholesale houses re-
ceives anuually a carload of section honey. I
can sell mine right alonijsideof theirs at a
higher rate, because it is morally, as well as
legally, pure honey. All it is necessary for
me to do is to let It be known that I have
honey to sell, and before I am aware of it it is
all gone. Last season I sold out and sent to
a friend for a case of honey. The honey was

190

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL*

March 9. 1905.

BEE= BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book containB 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The firsi
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling bow ht
happened to get into bee-keeping. SeTenteei
years ago he wrote a small book, called " &
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the mn.tter used in the formei
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, $1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
Btructive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly praeu-
caland scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 Illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Langstrotb on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dafiant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & K. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.20

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
"Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and ProBt, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book ;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce.— Result of 25 years' experience
Price, 30 cents.

ZTGRAPE VINES

eOTarletlM. AluoSmiill Froltm Tree*, ^<!. Bent root-
ed Btock. Genuine, cbeap. 2 sample Tines mailed for 10c
Descriptive prlce-Ust tree. LEWIS ROESCH, FREDONIA.N.T.

fine to look upi n, and it was produced only
about 8 miles from my home, but I could not
sell i ^ fHuse I would not indorse it with my
signature.

I am soon to deliver a little talk to some
boys, and the base of my remarks is, "A good
name is rather to be chosen than great
riches ". Is this not the sum and substance
of a pure food law— something that you can
swear is "morally", as well as "legally",
pure?

Yes, fellow bee-keepers, if you would sell
your small crops of honey at home to a good
advantage, see to it that your own name
among your neighbors is to be depended upon,
that what you offer for sale is absolutely pure.

Worcester Co., Mass. . . C. R. Russell.

Bees Winterlngr Well— Smoking
Bees.

I have 28 colonies of bees and they seem to
be wintering all right so far. We are having
lots of cold, and more than lots of snow. We
didn't get much No. 1 honey last year. There
was plenty of white clover, but I think we
had a rain that washed the nectar out.

I notice there is quite a difference in opin-
ion as to the amount of smoke to use, some
wanting lots and some none. I find that for
my use my pipe furnishes about the right
amount, only it is generally out when I want
the smoke. I get to work with the bees and
forget to keep it going. I usually keep my
smoker lighted and handy, but seldom have
to use it.

I haven't many bees, but I am the one that
sells the honey here, thanks to the " Old Re-
liable ". I have sold about $70 worth, and
the most of that was comb honey at 10 cents
a section. Ltman North.

Page Co., Iowa, Feb. 12.

1 1-2 STORY

8 frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-way su
pers, $1.00. No. 1 Seciions,$4 00for 1,000. 24.1b.
Shipping-Cases, $13 00 for 100; 121b., 18.00 for
100; 20-lb. Danz., $11.00 for 100.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc., by the Car-Load One jeai's subscription
to Bee Journal free with i rders of $5.00 or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W. D. SOPER,

lOCtf RT.3. JACKSON. MrCH.

Please mentaon tit'e journal wnen wntine:

3 I 0.80 F<ir
I ^ 200 Egq
•INCUBATOR

Perfect tn coDstmotioD noa
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-dftj

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

''•flaae ooonTaoii o«^o

FOR SALE.

For Queens

SoO Colonies of Italian Bees, with every-
thing belonging to a first-class apiary, in one
of the best localities in the State. 1903 crop
over 40,000 pounds. Address,

N.STAININGER, Denlson, Iowa.

9Alf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

SEND TO

JOHN W PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1; Untested. 750; 5 for ^ 25 ; 10 for
?6; 15 for $8.25; 25 for 112 50; 100 for $45. H»
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment i&
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

BEES FOR SALE

I wish to sell 40 colonies of Bees. They
are the Italian Strain, in a good, strong con-
dition, and are wintering good. Reasons for
selling: No time to take care of them. Will
sell all, or 5 or 10 colonies. Inquire of

F. M.SCHEDER,

7A4t PRESTON, IOWA.

STANDARD

Poultry AND

R^^ SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS^BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOXjBDO, OHIO.

Bee-SiiPDiies!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a large stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the A piary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supplv Co., I,incold,NeD. ; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluff5,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

ne» Aeulioa the Bee Journal Idvei^r^.^*

March 9, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

191

mhm\\\

Guaranteed Superioritii !

Loweikfrlces 1 1

We have been making' Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

Nkw .. Illusthated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois.— The Western Illinois Bee Keepers'
Association will hold its spring meetings April
5, in the Connty Court Room, in Galesburg.
Seasonable subjects will be discussed. Each
meeting so far has been more interesting than
the previous one, and we hope to continue that
way. We earnestly invite all who are interested
in this industry who are within easy reach of
Galesburg, to be at this meeting.

E. i). Woods, Sec.

Michigan. — The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will meet in Lady Macca-
bees Hall, at Central Lake, Wednesday and
Thursday, April 5 and 6, 1905. Hotel rates will
be, The Tavern, $1.50 per day. Editors A. I.
Root and W. Z. Hutchinson will be present;
also E. D. Townsend, Geo. E Hilton and a num-
ber of other practical apiarists of Northern
Michigan If you have never attended a con-
vention let us suggest that you try it for once,
and you will have a higher opinion of your call-
ing when ynu leave. W. Mohrmann, Sec.

Geo. H. Kirkpatbice, Pres.

r

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring convention in the Mayor's
Office, City and County Building, April 7, at 10
a.m. All are invited Matters of great interest
to bee-keepers, and horticulturists will be con-
sidered. Cache Valley's experience of killing
the bees by poison spraying in the bloom must
not be repeated. Jot down your thoughts on
this or any other qnestion, and bring or mail
the same. G. E. Garrett, Sec.

E. S. LovESY, Pres.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Carry a complete stock of

G. B. LEWIS CO.'S

B-WAEE

Lowest prices and quick service.
Send us your orders and find out.

Davenport. Iowa. 213-215 W,2fl St

Wi 8bll Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndatiou, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT ASON.

BBLI. BRAHCH, WaTNE Co., MICH

COMPLETE STOCK FOB 1905 HOW OR HAHB.
FREIGHT EATE8 FIOH CHCINNATI iSC THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

a^' For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, Feb. 20 —Honey-business is not too
brisk and consequently prices are none too firm.
A good deal of pressure is being made by pro-
ducers as well as dealers upon their correspond-
ents to move consignments. Fancy grades of
white comb bring 12H@13c; No. 1, about 12c,
with some desirable at lie. Extracted, 6@7c for
white, S%@6%c for amber, the price being gov-
erned by quality, flavor and package. Beeswax,
30c, if clean and of good color.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Boston, Feb. Zi — On account of the very
light demand, stocks of comb honey continne
to accumulate, causing a weaker market.
Fancy white, ISc; No. 1, 14c. Extracted, 6@8c,
according to quality. Blake, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas Citt, Feb, 25.— The honey market is
still very lax, with scarcely anv movement at
all; the best white comb stock, 24 section caseF,
is selling here at $2.25 per case. Extracted
moving all the way from 45^@6^cper pound,
according to quality. We look for an improve-
ment. Beeswax in good demand at 28c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, C, Feb. 20 —The comb honey
market has been a drag the last month; this
caused the holders to offer extra inducements
in prices. Quotations obtained are as follows:
No. 1 fancy water-white comb, 12@13c; No. 2,
10!<@115<c. Extracted: white clover in barrels,
6iic: in cans, THiWS cents; amber, in barrels,
5%®S>ic; in cans,ti@6tc. Beeswax, 27c.

C. H. W. Weber

Philadelphia, Feb. 20.— On account of the
very bad weather the sales among the retail
trade in honey have been slow. Quite a good
many shipments have b*en arriving from dis-
tant points and liie market at the present time
is overstocked. Weqnote: Fancy white comb,
15fi!'16c; No. 1, 13«S14c; amher, 12c. Extracted,
white, 654@7c: amber, 6c. Beeswax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Cincinnati, Feb. 17. — The demand for hrney
at the present time is like business— frozen.
Nevertheless, we are looking forward to a
brighter future. We quote amber extracted
honey in barrels and cans at 6"i6>tc, respect-
ively; white clover at 7@8c.

The conditions of the comb honey market are
aught but eac'uraging, owing to the vast
amount of We-^tern comb honey that is being
consigned at ait.iost any price. We quote fancy
white at 12@13c, with but few sales. Beeswax,
27c. ThePrbd W.Mdth Co.

Albany, N.Y Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme co'.d weather, especially comb.

which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@l4c: No. 1, 12®13c;
mixed, lOiL' lie; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6j^c; white,
6@6>^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30®32c. U. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Feb. 21.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber, 8 -10c Extracted,
white, 6®6% cents; light amber, 4X@55ic; am-
ber, 3Ji@4Kc; dark amber, 3@3)ic. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27(a28c.

Not much inquiry, either for shipment or on
local account. Market shows in the miin an
easy tone, especially for comb and the ordinary
grades of extracted. Supplies of uncandied
water-white extracted are not heavy, and for
this description tolerably firm figures are being
realized in a limited way, mainly on local ac-
count.

New York, Feb. 8.— The market is decidedly
dull on comb honey and very little moving,
with plentiful supply. We quote: Fancy white
comb, 14c; No. 1, 13c; amher, lie; dark, 9@10c.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and prices
remain about the same. Beeswax steady and
in good demand, 29c. Uildrbth & Seoelken.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

199 South WATER St. Chicago. III.

March 1st to April 15th
2 percent Discount.

Dovetailed Hives from Michigtn White Pine,
$1.25 each, m-story for comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

lOAtf LANSING, MICH.

Greening's Steam DuoTRgs

AGENTS WANTED

SrsAoy f^^^oy^fe^/^K gooo Air;

700 ACRKS

IBCaRCCNlNa BROS.NURSERVCo.

TREES THAT

Hardy varied
big crops. '
Apple, I'-ilc; f'l
Peach, Si^ciH)
Locust S-e
iDgs, ,•! per

1000; Con-
cord Grapes,
per 100. We
the freiRht.
Catalog. EnpllPh
man. free.
NURSERIES
lafrice, Neb.

Flease mention Bee Joamax wnen wntm^

192

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 9, 1905.

TIME IS FLUNG. DOS'T WAIT.

The honey season is fast approaching. Place your order early for Lewis' Goods
and you will be happy throughout the season.

>f? ''.f.*'

PROMPT
SBlP)IEl\T8

#

FINEST

— GOODS

««

««

OVER
•►TWENTY

AGENCIES

IN THE U.S.

A Hasty Afterthought is a good thing
But a DeUberate Forethought is better

When ordering bee-supplies for future use. Don't wait until your bees are swarming.
Order now, so as to have the goods on hand ready for use.

^^<^=<^3^^^?S^t<Sj*J^B«

Ther's no excuse
for not having

lewis'
Goods

sitetiii:ss5S«»^i«^s^^

Wherever you are
we can ....

Supply

You...

•=|=»$tSiSJ*^^<^;t^tit;:^3i^J^

(J. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

f

a\nertc

rnal

45th Year,

WEEKLY-SI.OO A YEAR.

Published by GEORGE W. YORK L CO., 334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 16, 1905.

No. 11.

194

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, IW'S.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT

6E0RGE W. YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal |9
$1 (10 a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra Xor postane. Sample copy tree.

THE WBAPPER-I-ABBTj DATE indicates the
end o ( the montb to which your subscription is paid.
Forinstance, *'dec04" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 19u4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
chanire the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st —To promote tbe interests of its members,
2d.— To protect and delend its members in their

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honev

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis,

tW If more convenient. Dues may he sent to the
publishers of the American Bee JournaL

DAVENPORT, I

IOWA. I

HEADQUARTERS FOR ^

G. B. Lewis Go's B-WARE, |
Dadant's Foundation. t

We can serve jou quick and save you xf.

freight and express charges. Send us jR

your BEESWAX in exchange for other K

goods. Send for our Catalog. tr

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS. ^

With tears of sweetest joy,
That nothing can alloy,
I arise to say that
(Excuse this shabby hat)

DOOLITTLE

Has worked so very hard
That he has got a '' pard "
To help him with his bees,
And if you wish to please

yourself and us, send for
a circular giving particu-
late lars regarding our fine
ITALIAN QUEENS.

Prices for Queens this
season will be as follows:
1 3

Untested $1.00 $2.2S

;>Tesled 1.25 3.00

Select Tested . . l.SO 4 00
Select Tested
11904 rearing) .. 2.S0 ....
Select Breeding S.OO ....
Extra Select

Breeding 10.00 ....

Prices quoted by the
>dozen or hundred.

Doolittle 8 Ciarii,

llDtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

TREES THAT

Hardy varieties
liig crops, Graftei
Apple, 4'^c; Budded
reach. 3Sc;BIai '
Locust Seed-
ings, 81 per

1000-, Con-

rd Grapes,

per 100. We

the freiRht.

Catalog. Engrlish

man, free.

NURSERIES

Beatrice, Neb,

IN SPECIAL
CASH PRIZES

FREE

11 Ullimi TO KEMUR miK.

^

We have decided to offer TEN SPECIAL CASH PRIZES in addition to the
regular premiums, for getting new subscriptions to the Weekly American Bee
Journal. The 1st Prize will be $10 ; the 2a, $9 ; 3d, $8 ; 4th, $7 ; 5th, $6 ; 6th, $5 ;
7th, S4 ; 8th, $3 ; 9th, $2 ; and 10th, f 1.00.

Read the Following Conditions Very Carefully :

1. This Special Cash Prize Contest will begin on the morning of March 20, and close the

evening of July 1.

3. All who compete for the Cash Prizes must have their own subscription to the American
Bee Journal paid at least to the end of this year (1905). And each one competing for a Cash
Prize must have Five (5) new subscriptions to his or her credit before entering the contest for
Cash Prizes. That is, those who have sent in 1, 2, 3 or 4 new subscriptions will not be counted
as contestants for the Special Cash Prizes, You must have 5 to your credit, but need not send
in the 5 all at one time.

3. New subscribers are considered as those who have not taken the American Bee Journal
regularly since 1903. That is, any one who is not getting it now, but received it during 1904,
would not be considered a new subscriber now.

4. A new subscriber must not be a memljer of the same family where the Bee Journal is
being taken now. A new subscriber must be in fact a new reader.

5. Cash must accompany every order when sending in new subscriptions. And after any
regular subscriber has sent in 5 new ones, he will say when sending in the sixth new one that
he wishes to compete for a Cash Prize. Then we will enter his name on the Contestants' List.
(If all is not now plain, please ask any questions and we will try to clear up anything that is
not understood) .

LIST OF REGULAR PREMIUMS GIVEN

(whether you compete on the Special Cash Prizes or not).

Given Free for 1 1NEfV Subscription.

YOUR CHOICE.

Untested Italian Queen (in May or June).
Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Rearing" (bound

in Leatherette).
Hutchinson's "Advanced Bee-Culture ".

Newman's "Bees and Honey " (in paper).
Howard's book on " Foul Brood".
Pierce's " Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping".
Monette " Queen-Clipping Device ".

Given Free for 2 NEW Subscriptions.

YOUR CHOICE.

Dr. Miller's " 40 Years Among the Bees ".
Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Rearing" (bound
in cloth).

Newman's "Bees and Honey '"
" Americanische Bienenzucht.''
Stylographio Pen.

(in cloth).

Given Free for 3 NEW Subscriptions.

YOUR CHOICE.

Prof. Cook's "Bee-Keeper's Guide; or, Man-
ual of the Apiary."

Dadant's " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee ".

Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture ".

Your own Subscription to the American Bee
Journal for one year.

A Novelty Pocket-Knife (with your name and
address on one side of handle, and 3 bees
on the other side).

A Fountain Pen.

100 copies " Honey as a Health Food ".

^^' Remember, that in each case above it is your choice of any one of the

premiums oflered. And when you have sent in 5 new yearly subscriptions, after
March 20, you can then compete on the Special Cash Prizes. The one who sends
in the most new subscriptions over 5, between March 20 and July 1, 1905, will re-
ceive $10 cash in addition to whatever of the regular premiums he may have
received for sending new subscriptions from time to time between March 20 and
July 1. The one sending in the second largest number over 5, will get $9 cash,
and so on.

Now — let every one of our regular subscribers whose subscriptions are paid
to the end of 1905 or beyond, get to work and pour in the new subscriptions. If
your own subscription is not yet paid to the end of 1905, send it in at once, or
when you send your first new subscription.

We will be pleased to furnish all the copies of the American Bee Journal free
that you may want to use as samples. Just let us know how many you want.

Address. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 DeapbOFn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

95

V A SOLID FOUNDATION ^

■^^ VEANS y

yi A SOLID HOUSE. ^

pADANT'SFOUIiDATION^

i Solid, Straight, Well-Built Combs. $^

4 iio,ooo Pounds ""'^'i^TooT"^ J^
^ Satisfaction Guaranteed. Bee-Hee»ers' Su^'>lie$ 1^

^ BEESWAX WANTED at all times. H^ H a n f J^ Qr^rt c? 1^
/ Send for our 1905 Catalog. UdKldll L Ct J^UIlJ) C*.

M HAMILTON, ILL. K

H0NEY=JAR5.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding" one
pound of honey net, one g'ross in case complete,
in S-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quaniitieg,
$4 50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,

265 &, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N, Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Southwestern Bee-keepers
SAVE MONEY

See our prices on all BEE-Keepers' SUP-
PLIES before you buy. send for Catalog'. We
carry a full and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HONEY-CANS ANO FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co. in Texas
as their sole and exclusive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant tS.: Sons' world-
famous Comb FoundalioQ exclusively. Get our
prices before buying.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quantity at all seasons of the year.
Let us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Bought and sold. We will buy your honey*
crop, and we especially want vour beeswax at
highest market price?. H. H. HYDE.

Successor to The Graham Hvde Hee Co.
ID't SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Mease mention Boe Joamai vnen ■wntuua

r Basswood Trees.

8 to 10 feet, 25 cents; 6 to S feet, 20 cents; 4 to
6 feet, IS cents. G. W. PETRIE.

10A3t FAIRMONT, MINN.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

ft FOR, "S-OXJK, ^

I BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES i

y SEND TO THE ^

^ Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis. »

U LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders tillJan. 1,1905. lA13t A

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS i CHICAGO.

Best and Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Abnd, Manager,

Havin.t,r decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalog and prices on Honey on applioallon. If you want ftiood Goods
at Factor.'/ Prices and Prompt Siiipnient, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY

AND BEE r*r\

SUPPLY CU.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co. )

H. M. ARND, .Mgr. 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILU

iii ' Beeswax taken in exchange for Bee-Supplies, or for Cash.

196

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 1905.

Every
^Be^-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Beb Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-
ularly : „ „
C. C. MILLER,
Of IlUools.
G. M. DOOLITTLE,
Of New York.

J. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A. J. COOK,
Of California.

Semi - monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleanings in Bee Culture,
6 months, 25c.

We are certain that any one inter-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
-will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 25c. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

Enclosed find S5 cents, for nliioh
send me Gleanint-s in Bee Cul-
ture G montlia.

NAME

P.O..

COUNTY.

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken from our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The business for many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for Tiie A. I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is tliis day transferred to Ttie A. I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers and Friends :

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

George W. York & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences offered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnne — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit;

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

STATE.

DANZENBAKER HIVE.

"Fa«ts ./^l>out Bees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent OQ receipt of a 2-cent stamp to pay the postage. Send lor it.

Th^ Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE.
Three Points of ExceUenee :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SFHJCIAlLi ISrOTICBS.

The great popularity of the Danzenbaker hive has brought the shallow brood-frame aod the
tall plain sections into prominence. It must be remembered tbat no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything jdst
RIGHT, so you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any ot our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, 111.

«@®€^e®e®®@€»«e^®^®€^@^®€S®€^®®«®®<s>.

-^ — ^^3

^ERICA§

Entered at the Po6t-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published l^ceklj at 91.00 a Tear by Georg^e J/¥. Tork & Co., 334 Uearborn St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH 16, 1905,

VoLXLV.— No.ll.

^

(£bttortal Hotes
anb (Eomments

J

The Thrrd Double Number So Par This Year.

Yes, this is the third double nuQiber of the American Bee Journal
for this year, making 4S extra pages already, and it is only the middle
of March. That is almost one-seventeenih more pages than we agree
to furnish during the year for one dollar, for the regular issue is 16
pages weekly. But we are glad we can publish these occasional
double numbers, for we believe they are appreciated very much by our
readers.

Midwinter Flights of Bees.

Strictly speaking, when midwinter flights are spoken of in con-
nection with cellar-wintered bees, midwinter is not really meant, but
February or early March. C. Davenport, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
mentions what may help to account for ill effects of these flights in
some cases. He says the bees should be returned to the cellar on the
evening of the same day after their being taken out, or, at most, not
later than the next day. Left out longer they are likely to start
breeding. So the ill effects of midwinter flights may have come from
leaving out too long.

The Contents of the Brood-Chamber.

In order to judge properly whether all is as it should be inside a
hive, the beginner should have some idea what to expect when he
opens it. Upon this point the books are to a large extent silent, leav-
ing him to gain the desired knowledge through a series of observa-
tions extending through one or more years. Indeed, after many years
of observations it may not be the easiest thing for him to give any-
thing like a definite answer in a few words to the question, " What
ought I to find upon opening a hive?" In no two hives will exactly
the same thing be found. What is found to-day will be different
from what was found in the same hive at the last inspection. But at
least an attempt may be made to enlighten the inquiring neophyte in
a sort of general way as to what he may expect to find in a bee-hive.

If the bees have been left to their own devices, there will be found
drone-comb in different places, amounting to the half or the whole of
a full frame. If the bee-keeper has controlled, there I may be nothing
but worker-comb in the hive, or, at most, two or three square inches
of drone-comb in one of the outer frames. Drone-cells are not likely
to contain brood except in times of prosperity when honey is coming
in. At other times they may contain honey, but not pollen.

The queen in a colony wintered outdoors is likely to begin laying
a few eggs in February — sometimes even in .January. If a colouy is
cellared, it is not likely to have brood started much, if at all, bBfore
being brought out of cellar. The queen begins with a very few , ^gs
daily, a compact cluster being in the center, or warmest part (il the
hive. By and by eggs and brood will be found in two or three frunres,
the whole being no more than would easily go in one frame, v. hich
means that the queen maybe laying at the rate of about 300 ef rs a

day. When she gets to laying 1000 a day, she will have four frames
fairly well filled with brood — at least they would be called well filledi
although little more than three-fourths of their actual capacity. With
1500 a day— many queens will not go beyond this, while some will
more than double it — she will have six Langstroth frames well occu-
pied, and this a fairly good queen will reach by the last of May in the
North.

Looking into the hive at this time, there will be found a brood-
nest of a somewhat globular form, the central frames being a little
fuller than the others, a band of honey being at the top and at the
two ends, although a good queen may have brood clear to the top-bar.
There may and there may not be some pollen in the upper part of
these frames, but the frame next them at each side will ha\e a good
supply of pollen as well as honey. In a lO-frame hive it is not a very
common thing to find brood in the outside frame at each side, but in
an 8-frame hive the queen will often insist upon occupying a good
part of the two outside frames.

This amount of brood will be found kept up pretty well through-
out the season, but toward the close the sphere of brood will gradually
become less and less, the space left vacant by the brood being filled
with honey and pollen, and somewhere in September or October all
brood-rearing ceases, and all the combs should be found filled with
honey and pollen except the lower portions of the central combs.

Thus a rough sketch is given as to what may be found in a hive at
different times, subject to innumerable variations, and no one must
understand that any attempt at exactness has been attempted. Dates
must be changed for the South. Neither must any beginner under-
stand that 8 or even 10 frames make the limit for every queen. If
given the opportunity, there are queens which will occupy 12, 14, or
more frames. ^^^___^_^__

The National Association and Incorporation.

Dr. C. C. Miller has this to say on the subject of incorporation of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association :

I am glad, Mr. Editor, to see the matter of incorporation of the
National discussed in your columns. I don't know all about such
things, but so far as I can judge from what is said on page 115, the
weight of argument is on the side of incorporation. After incorpora-
tion we would not be obliged to engage in a lawsuit any more than we
are now. In the case mentioned, the Ladies' Home Journal, I think
there was no lawsuit on the part of the incorporated concern ; merely
a request for retraction, the same as was made by the National.
Prompt and satisfactory apology was made in the case of the incor-
porated concern because it was incorporated, and it was not made in
the other case because it was not incorporated. If we had received the
same treatment as the incorporated concern, would not this one case
have paid for the cost of incorporation several times over !

Again I repeat that incorporation does not oblige us to engage in
lawsuits. Yet I can not believe it would be so very hard to prove that
individual members of the National were damaged a fixed amount by
some of the things that have been done.

The National, in one of its former states of existence, was incor-
porated. If it did no good it certainly did no harm. Would it do any
more barm now? C. C. Millbr.

We think the principal question lobe decided before incorporat-
ing the National is this ; Will the Association take any advantage of
the added power and responsibility >. If not, why not remain as it is}

There is a committee on incoriic-ation that will report at the next
annual meeting of the National. No doubt they wish to get the views
of the members. Dr. Miller is on that committee, we believe.

198

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 1905.

A Bee-Keepers' Paradise.

The paradises for bee-keepers that we sometimes read about and
sigh for will probably turn out generallj', upon close acquaintance, to
i>e no more paradisaical, all things considered, than the places we are
already occupying. Arthur Laing, in Canadian Bee Journal, besides
the mention of scorpions, centipedes, frogs, land crabs and fleas,
which one of the paradises enjoys, has this to say :

Jamaica has been described as a " bee-keepers' paradise ", but I
am becoming more and more satisfied every day that we have in
Canada a better chance for success as bee-keepers than we would have
in Jamaica. I do not believe that the annual average yield would be
over 100 pounds per colony ; in fact, was told to-day by a gentleman
who has 400 colonies of bees, that his best average in any year had
been 84 pounds per colony, and last year, after the hurricane, he aver-
aged only 42 pounds, and this honey, mind you, will not bring more
than from 2}4 to 3 cents per pound above the cost of package, and out
■of this the expenses of the apiary must be paid, so that the apiarist
here must keep at least three times as many bees as our Canadian
apiarist in order to make the same money. Then just think of three
times the number of hives, barrels, extractors, honej'-knives, smokers,
etc., that have to be bought, and the extra help that must be paid for.
Lumber for hives costs from $50 to §60 per 1000 feet.

Money can undoubtedly be made here by bee-keeping, but, in all
sincerity, I say again, we Canadian bee-keepers have a better oppor-
tunity in Canada than we would have in Jamaica.

Money Definitions by the Qovernment.

Circular No. 13, by the United States Secretary of Agriculture,
entitled "Standards of Purity for Food Products", has been received.
Especially interesting to bee-keepers are the following definitions that
may be considered authoritative, though not beyond the possibility of
modification in the future:

1. Honey is the nectar and saccharine exudations of plants gath-
.ered, modified, and stored in the comb by honey-bees {Apis melUflca).
It is lajvo-rotatory, contains not more than twenty-five (25) percent of
-water, not more than twenty-five hundredths (0.25) percent of ash,
and not more than eight (8) percent of sucrose.

2. Comb hmiey is honey contained in the cells of comb.

3. Extracted hoyiey is honey which has been separated from the
Tincrushed comb by centrifugal force or gravity.

4. I'Strained fioney is honey removed from the crushed comb by
straining or other means.

It is perhaps a matter of regret that in the list of vinegars, honey-
vinegar is not included.

.Shaken Swarms in 1865 and 1880.

On page 19 we called attention to the fact that Mr. Geo. W. House,
of New York State, described his method of shaken swarms in 1880, in
the Bee-Keepers' Magazine, published at that time. Mr. Geo. M.
Sowarby, of the same State, now requests us to republish Mr. House's
method, which request we comply with. It is as follows:

As soon as a swarm has made preparations for swarming by hav-
ing eggs deposited in the queen-cells, we proceed as follows: Remove
the old colony a few feet one side, and on the old location place a new
hive (either empty or the frames filled with foundation), put a small
block between the lower front edge of the hive and the bottom-board
(to give the bees an easy access to the hive), and place a wide board in
front of the new hive, with one edge resting against the bottom-board
while the other edge rests upon the ground, so the bees may run up
and into the hive.

We now open the old hive and draw a frame a little one side from
the center of the hive, and after looking the comb carefully over to
ascertain if the queen is thereon, we turn to the new hive, and. by a
little sudden jerk, we shake nearly all the adhering bees on the board
in front, and they readily enter their new house.

Setting this frame in the shade of a near hive (that we may have
easy access to the frames to work), we return to the old hive, and
■draw the next frame towards the center, looking for the queen and
shaking the bees in front of the new hive, as we did with the preced-
ing frame. Replace this frame in its original place, and proceed as
with the preceding frame, until you have two-thirds of the bees from
the old colony into the new hive. As soon as you find the queen,
take her from the comb and place her at the entrance of the new hive
and let her run in with the bees. Now close the old hive and contract
the entrance, and remove it to a new location.

By this time you may remove the wide board in front of new hive,
so that the old location will not be disfigured, and the working bees
will lose no time in entering the new hive.

The next day give the old swarm a queen-cell that will hatch
within 48 hours, and the work is done.

A laying queen may be introduced instead of a cell if desired. The
first few swarms will furnish us with queen-cells of the most perfect
type. But we generally make a few swarms about ten days before we
wish to use the cells, and claim there is no difference in queens reared
from larvae from two to four days old and those reared by the queen
depositing the egg in the cell. This is during the swarming season.

The day is not far distant when the apiarist that can manage the
most bees, in the same length of time (all conditions equal), will be
considered the most skillful and the most successful. In artificial
swarming on the above plan, you will notice we secure our new
swarms at least a week sooner than we would by allowing them to

swarm naturally, and in the old hive we have a laying queen at least
five days earlier than we would by allowing them to hatch their own
queen— two very great items during the honey season. Swarms hav-
ing extra qualities we allow to rear their own queen-cells, that we
may use them in other hives, thus improving the qualities of our bees.

After a few days I claim there is no one that can discover the dif-
ference between such a swarm and one that swarms naturally. We
have practiced this mode of swarming for the past 15 years, and are
satisfied there is no plan that surpasses it, where you wish to have one
new swarm for each old one. Geo. W. House.

Onondaga Co., N. Y., April 12, 1880.

inisceUoneous
Views > 3 terns

=\

J

Mr. Eugene Secor so often becomes delightfully rhythmical
that bee-keepers are seldom surprised at his poetic productions. They
are always so good. Here is one of his latest :
Pnssy Willows.

By the brook that skirts the pasture

Pussy willows scent the breeze
Long before the sleepy linden

Wakes to tempt the honey-bees.
April woods are bare and brown,

But the willows— pussy willows —

Shake their dainty, fluffy pillows,
Soft as beds of eider-down.

All the wealth of love and service

Are not lavished on the great.
In the scales of the Eternal

They are least who lag and wait.
Bare and brown the giant trees.

But the willows — pussy willows —

Early shake their golden pillows.
Serving hungry honey-bees.

Winnebago Co., Iowa.

EuQENE Secob.

On the Death of Geo. W. Brodbeck.— We have received
the following resolutions, which were passed by the stockholders of the
California National Honey-Producers' Association at their regular
annual meeting, Feb. 15, 1905:

Whereas, it has pleased the Great Ruler of the universe to re-
move from our midst our esteemed president and brother bee-keeper,
Geo. W. Brodbeck ; therefore, be it

Ifesohml, That we sincerely mourn our loss, and will long cherish
his name and remember his many kind deeds and persistent endeavors
in behalf of ourselves and the bee-keepers at large. We hereby ten-
der our sincere sympathy to the bereaved. May the softening influence
of time remove the grief, and simply leave happy thoughts of his
kindly life.

liemlued. That a copy of these resolutions be sent to Mrs. Brod-
beck, and to the press for publication.

Geo. L. Emerson, 1
T.O.Andrews, \- Committee.
G. F. Merriam, \

Not a "Fellow ".—Mr. E. Brubaker, of Philadelphia Co., Pa.,
has sent us the following stanza, taken from a Philadelphia newspaper :

The roving bee is often called

A bold, bad robber fellow;
But for the sweets from honey-bloom,

He pays in gold-dust yellow.

— Cora Lapham Hazard.

That's all right, except that the
ally not a " fellow ".

'• roving bee " referred to is usu-

Utah and Other Apiarian Exhibits at St. Louis. — On the

first page we present a picture of the Utah apiarian exhibit at the
World's Fair held in St. Louis last year. Some weeks ago we pre-
sented a picture and brief description of the Colorado apiarian ex-
hibit. Mr. E. S. Lovesy, of Utah, sends us the following concerning
the Utah display :

We sent nearly 4 tons of alfalfa, sweet clover, and some white
clover honey for the Utah exhibit at the World's Fair at St. Louis. It
consisted of 300 pounds of comb honey and about 3J.i tons of ex-
tracted, collected from 12 counties and about 30 different localities of
the State. There were about 2 toos of beautiful white alfalfa honey
put up in large glass jars, some of them holding about 100 pounds
each. This is too large a package to put on exhibition. Had the con-
tents of one of those jars been put up in 1 or 3 pound jars it would
have shown up clear and water-white. The light amber was put up in
smaller jars, with the result that it looked whiter than the best white

March lb, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

199

in the large jars. But this light amber honey would have looked dark
in those big jars.

Our object was to represent correctly the honey product of the
State. Our honey will easily go 3tol white, and if it had been re-
liquefied at the Fair, and put up in smaller jars, the effect would have
been all that could have been desired. The only excuse we can olfer
is that those who managed the exhibit thought they were doinf,' every-
thing for the best, and the bee-keepers had nothing to do wilh the ex-
hibit other than to collect the honey, fill the jar^, and deliver it to the
Fair commissioners. Moral : Don't exhibit honey in bullfy packages.
They are too heavy to handle, and don't show up well.

The unique wax-model, representing a maiden on the mountain-
top holding aloft a horn of plenty, which was intended to represent
the industries of the State — including its mining, agricultural, horti-
■cultural and apicultural industries; also the American flag, which,
with the beehive, is the emblem of the State — was the creation of one
of our local artists. E. 8. Lovest.

Salt Lake Co., Utah.

The British Bee Journal, in January last, contained quite a full
report, prepared by Mr. Walter F. Reid, of the apiarian exhibits from
various counties, as shown at the St. Louis Exposition. Mr. Keid
reported the following:

In the Exhibition there were many exhibits of bee-products, some
of them of considerable importance. Several foreign countries were
represented, and some of the American States had special honey
exhibits.

France had a very small exhibit, consisting of a few jars of excel-
lent Narbonne honey and a defective " Gariel " hive.

Madagascar exhibited four cakes of beeswax of pronounced odor,
three of which were of good color.

Reunion showed three bottles of honey of fairly good color, but
indifferent flavor.

Germany did not exhibit any bee-products; but Prof . R. Klebs,
of Konigsberg, showed a unique collection of insects in amber, some
of which were mounted in a resinous mixture of the same coetBcient
of refraction as the amber, so that the specimens could be easily
studied. Among the 68 exhibits were several apida?. One was a new
species of bombus, while another represented a hitherto undescribed
apis much resembling our honey-bee, but slightly larger. Although
the pollen-baskets appeared to be fully developed, yet the compound
■eyes met on the lop of the head as in the drones of the present day,
leaving a small triangular space on the forehead in which three single
«yes were placed. The upper part of the thorax has a thorny appear-
ance, and seemed devoid of hair. The collection included eight
Tcspidip, which, in their general structure, reminded one of South
American forms.

Bulgaria showed three samples of candied honey of fairly good
quality, and three cakes of wax.

Argentina had three exhibits of honey, one of which, apparently
from alfalfa, was of good quality. One cake of wax was also exhibited.

Nicaraugua exhibited a cake of nearly black wild beeswax, and
also some interesting specimens of vegetable wax, obtained from the
berries of a shrub with leaves resembling those of the myrtle.

Mexico had a good exhibit of wax from several provinces. Some
large cakes of bleached wax from Jalapa were of excellent quality,
and there were good samples from Matamoras and Vera Cruz. Some
of the native beeswax was of very dark color, resembling cakes of
chocolate.

Cuba exhibited a few samples of indifferent honey, packed in
wine and champaign bottles ! Only one from Guantanamo would be
•considered of average quality in this country.

Philippines— The United States had a large collection of Philip-
pine products, including about 2b specimens of wild beeswax of vari-
ous degrees of purity, and a number of home-made wax-candles as
used in the churches. The wax was said to be derived from two
kinds of bees, one a large variety, probably Apis dorsata, and the
other a small bee of about the size of a house-fly, and striped black
and yellow, more resembling a wasp than a bee. The cells of the
small combs were about 'j, inch in diameter, and the native name of
the bee was " Putyucan ".

Japan's exhibit of honey was remarkable for careful and tasteful
packing. Some jars — or, rather, stoppered bottles— from theSuwa
apiary, Osaka, were specially neat. The hive-bee is said to have been
introduced about 100 years ago from Spain ; but wild bees existed pre-
viously in the Japanese forests.

Canada had a splendid trophy of honey, both extracted and in the
comb. About 50 exhibitors had contributed towards this collective
•exhibit, which weighed about one ton.

Among the States of the Union, Colorado had a very fine exhibit
of honey, chiefly collected by Senator G. W. Swink, who owns a Dum-
ber of apiaries. The quantity of honey shown was considerable, being
about two tons of section and one ton of extracted honey. The whole
of it was of good quality, and there was also some excellent beeswax.

Utah showed a collective exhibit of about 5000 pounds of excellent
alfalfa, packed in large glass jars 4 feet high and 9 inches in diameter,
with glass lids.

California would have made a better show had herexhibiis not
been split up into counties. San Diego County showed some ^'ood
white sage honey, and Los Angeles some extra-large sections of trood
•quality. More than 100 sections from Fresno contained good !.<iney,
■but were badly finished, judging by our stamlard, and the saiui: may
be said of a number of sections from Sacramento. Perhaps th' best
exhibit of extracted honey was from Los Angeles County, par', jd in
-clamped jars.

Nebraska.— The custodian of this exhibit, Mr. Wm. James, i- him-
■self a bee-keeper, and gave some interesting information uioii the
bee-keeping industry in that State. The chief sources of hiin yare
alfalfa, white clover and heartsease {polygonum). Langstrolh >-;rame

hives are chiefly used, and the yield of honey averages about 45 pounds
per colony. A large number of samples of honey were shown, which
had been collected and arranged by .Mr. Stilson.

Arkansas was represented by only one jar containing comb and
honey mixed, the flavor of which was good. There seems to be an
opinion that the flavor of honey is improved by an admixture of comb.

Missouri had a large trophy of honey, badly staged, the sections
being shown in the packing-cases. Some honey was exhibited in stop-
pered bottles, and was very deficient in flavor of any kind.

Kansas showed a few samples of alfalfa extracted honey of aver-
age quality.

Mississippi had both honey and wax exhibits. Some of the honey
was from the mcii7o((ts [sweet clover], and of excellent quality. The
melilotiis WHS s&id to have been introduced before the alfalfa, which
latter is now supplanting it. Six samples of wax appeared to be of
good quality ; but it is difHcuIt to judge wax when the temperature is
above 90 degrees Fahr.

Iowa staged about half a ton of section honey of average quality
but no extracted honey. About 1 cwt. of good wax was also shown.

Louisiana had a small exhibit of }^-pound jars of honey marked
" Goldenrod ",'• Morning-Glory '', and " Willow", of which the last
had the finest fiavor.

Oregon was represented by a small quantity of interior honey. It
is said that the honey gathered near the coast is inferior in quality to
that obtained further inland.

Idaho had a small exhibit of sections arranged in fancy design.

New Mexico showed about 100 sections and 50 pounds of extracted
honey, chiefly alfalfa. The bulk of this honey was produced at a
height of 3600 feet above sea-level. The chief apiarist owns about 1000
colonies. When he arrived at the place where his bees are now
located his whole belongings consisted of two wagon-loads of hives
and a tent, and he is now a prosperous colonist.

There were very few bee-appliances exhibited at St. Louis. The
A. I. Root Co. had an exhibit of well-made goods familiar to bee-
keepers, but which contained nothing new except a novelty in form of
a smoker without a nozzle.

There were three colonies of bees in the Horticultural Building,
of which two were of the Italian variety. It was remarkable that
while the humming-birds drove away both butterflies and native bees
from the beds of flowers in the exhibition grounds, they took no notice
of the hive-bees. Up to tfie middle of October the bees were still
bringing in honey from numerous wild flowers, especially goldenrod
and aster— a small Michaelmas daisy. Walter F. Keid.

Baiting Fish wfith Honey. — Honeyed words have often lured
foolish members of the human family to their ruin, but we have never
known a member of the fish family to be lured by a honeyed hook,
though good Isaak Walton is authority for the catching of tench
with " a bait made of a paste of honey and brown bread ".

The office boy has tried to improve the above sentiment in this
" poetical " fashion :

Brown bread and jelly-cake

Makes a fellow's belly ache;

Brown bread and honey-paste

Just suits a fish's taste.

The last line is " bum ", but it is excusable, as the " boy " is not
yet a full-fledged poet— his hair is yet clipped quite short— for obvious
reasons.

Doolittle & Clark is the way it reads now, instead of simply
" G. M. Doolittle". The strenuous life that Mr. Doolittle has been
leading for so many years has compelled him to share the labor as well
as the pleasure of his business, and so he has associated with him Mr.
P. G. Clark, who is a practical apiarist. They will hold forth at " the
old stand" where Mr. Doolittle has lived for over 30 years— at Boro-
dino, N. Y. See their advertisement on another page.

The Pacific Rural Press has been designated by the State
Grange Executive Committee as the oflioial organ of the State Grange
of California.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using- Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for SI. 25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

See Langstroth Book Offer on another page of this
copy of the American Bee Journal.

200

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 1905.

(Dpinxons v of
Some (Sxpcrts

J

Should the National be Incorporated?

Ques. 83—2^0 yau l/iink it desirable that the Xational Bee-Keepers'
Association should be incorporatedf

Jas. a. Stonb (111.)— Yes.

J. A. Green (Colo.)— Yes.

Wm. McEvot (Ont.)— Yes.

0. 0. POPPLETON (Fla.) — Yes.

G. M. DOOLITTLE (N. Y.)— No.

S. T. Pbttit (Ont.)— I do not know.

N. E. France (Wis.)— Not at present.

C. Davenport (Minn.)— I do not Isnow.

Eugene Secor (Iowa)— I doubt if it will pay.

Kev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— It seems to me desirable.

Morgan Bros. (8. Dak.)— Yes, all things considered.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.)— With my present light, yes.

E. S. LovEST (Utah)— I think it would be desirable if it should be
incorporated.

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)— I am not informed as to advantages and
disadvantages.

E. E. Hastt (Ohio)— Quite open to conviction on this point, but
rather think not.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — I see no harm, and I can see great
possible advantages.

E. D. Townsend (Mich.)— There is work ahead for the National
to do, so it will be necessary to incorporate.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.)- Incorporation is of no advantage unless
we desire to acquire property ; to sue and be sued.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)— Yes, if we want legal standing. But I am
not a lawyer, nor have I thought much on the subject.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— It can do no harm, and will give more
authority to the ofUcers, the (Jeneral Manager especially.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.) — It the Association has any property,
or intends to do a business, it would be better to have it incorporated.

R. L. Tatlor (Mich.) — Yes. Without incorporation it can
neither sue nor be sued. Pleading the " baby act ", as it is called, is
not looked upon with favor.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.)— Yes. It would enable the Association
to carry legal business in its own name, and under its own responsi-
bility. In a word, using legal terms, it could sue and be sued.

0. W. Demaree (Ky.)— I do not think so. The good work that
has been accomplished by the bee-keepers' societies all over the coun-
try is the result of unselfish commingling with the people of all rural
pursuits.

L. StachelhaijSBN (Tex.)— I do not see how the Association
could be incorporated except a capital for some business purpose is
raised and the members become share-holders. As the Association
does no business of this kind as yet, I do not see a possibility or a pur-
pose for incorporation.

C. H. DiBBERN (111.)— This is a legal question rather than an
apicultural one. Yes, I think it should be incorporated, to give it
legal standing in court. Necessarily, to carry out the intentions and
purposes of the Association, many legal questions will come up for
solution, and the Association is constantly at a disadvantage without
incorporation.

A Queen-Bee Free as a Ppemlum.— We are now

booking orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered
in May or June. This is the premium offer : To a sub-
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will give an un-
tested Italian queen for sending- us one new subscription with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to
get new subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many you want
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.

=^

VTiv. pasty's
Ctftertl^oixgl^ts

=/

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

HYBRID BEB3 AND FAIR PREMIUMS.

And so hybrid bees have an unbroken record of 30 years — taking
every first premium for comb honey at the Nebraska State Fair for
that time. Noteworthy. I'll venture to guess that this fact does not
mean exactly what it seems to mean at first view. I infer that very
little honey stored by pure blacks ever comes in — pure blacks so very
scarce — thus making it a race between Italians and hybrids. As to
the hybrids, presumably one type of them finishes up its honey
much as Italians do; while another type of them does it so nearly the
same as black bees do that one could scarce tell the diSEerence. The
prize-winners belong to the latter type, I take it. Page 61.

SYRIAN BEES AND QUEEN RECORD.

And the Syrian bees (as vised by Prof. Benton) seem to hold the
record for manipulation of queens. He doesn't appear to say whether
they were all at liberty at once, or only part of them, but there were
250, and at least a great part of them at liberty at once. Suspicious.
Suspicious because it seems to be a going back to a state of things ex-
isting before the bee had attained its present high and peculiar state
of development. A colony of bees which inclines to build very few
queen-cells — and in which two virgins are pretty sure to settle matters
at sight with a mortal combat — may not be any better than the colony
where the opposite state of things prevails, but the probability lies in
that direction, I think. Degeneracy and atavism are things to watch
out against. Page 64.

black foul brood and ITS SPREAD.

Mr. Stewart's paper on black foul brood is a very lucid one. And
when the disease seemed to leap four miles through the air he proved
beyond reasonable doubt it seems that bees from diseased apiaries
were there. This appears to settle it that it is bees that carry the germs,
either in their honey-stomachs or about their bodies somewhere. This
is a contribution of considerable magnitude to our knowledge of
black brood. When infecting germs do float in the air it is desirable
to know that fact; but we don't want to know it when it isn't so.
Not only in bee-diseases, but in other diseases also there is a bad, lazy
tendency to assume that infection must have traveled in the air when
other possible routes have not been half explored. Page 65.

BEE-PARALYSIS NORTH AND SOUTH.

O. O. Poppleton draws a decided rein on a prevalent dictum, on
page 69. Paralysis more prevalent in the South not because Northern
summer climate is unfavorable to it, but because Southern winters
don't kill off the infected colonies and Northern winters do. I am not
sure that this view of the case is the whole story, or even halt the
story ; but it is worth thinking of at least. I do not remember to have
seen it in print before, that unusually light clinging to the combs is a
prominent sign of paralysis. I suppose this is in part because the
diseased bees have never done any work, and therefore the original
sharpness of their toes has never been dulled. It is of interest that
Mr. i?oppleton finds sulphur an effective cure — and yet he thinks the
belter tactics to be to pull down the diseased colonies and build up
healthy nuclei with the proceeds.

TEXAS AND HER FLOWERS.

Happy Texas I Has 13 months of flowers in a season I This is
not wholly a joke, as it is not claimed that there are 13 months in a
year. Just notice the possibility of a season being somewhat longer
than a year — the too-previousness of the mistletoe and the persistent
ever-blooming of the cotton spreading things beyond the calendar
sometimes. But alas —

Nor bee nor bee-keeper can bunt

To malte flowers Rive down when they won't.

And horsemint, which we used to think of immediately when Texas
honey was spoken uf, is over large areas much less abundant than
formerly. Prof. Scholl lays this to several successive dry years cut-
ting off the supply of seed. Quite likely he is right in the main ; but
Nature has many such pranks, and some of them can not be solved so
easily. In my range there used to be square miles of blue lupines.
This was on " oak openings " sort of land — and much of the territory
would have yielded a good swath of lupines if mown with a scythe.
Now there are only scattered plants, and here and there a spot where
they are close enough to be neighbors. What's got my lupines — and
will they ever come back? Rest of us can hardly find a match for the
Texas mesquite, which has two distinct periods of bloom, the second
beginning when the beans from the first bloom are getting ripe. Say,
that makes two seasons — two seasons in one year. And we wind up
as we began, saying: Happy Texas! her seasons are a month longer
than elsewhere in the world — and, inddde, there are twice as many of
them ! Page 85.

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

201

Norinern Micmoan a Bee-KeeDers' Paradise.

" Bells' ding doog, and choral song,
Deter the bee from industry ;
But hoot of owl, and ' wolf's long howl ',
Incite to moil and steady toil."

Northern Michigan, the home of the
huckleberry and the speckled trout,
where the wild deer drinks deep from
little sparkling^ lakes with white peb-
bly beaches, where forests of magnifi-
cent beech and maple stretch away for
miles unbroken, where still lingers
some of Nature's wildness, here is
proven the truthfulness of our opening
adage — here is a veritable paradise for
the bee-keeper. From Canada to Cali-
fornia have we sought for the Eldorado,
only to find, as is often the case, that
it lies at our very door.

Four years ago I attended, at Trav-
erse City, a meeting of the Michigan
State Bee-Keepers' Association, and
two things struck me quite forcibly :
The uniformly good yields reported,
and the wonderful interest shown in
discussing the problem of how to have
populous colonies early in the season,
that the best advantage might be taken
of the red raspberry bloom.

THE WONDERFUL AND UNIFORM YIELDS
OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN.

The next year I attended another
meeting of bee-keepers held in that part
of the State, only further north, at Bel-
laire, Antrim County, and again I was
surprised at the uniformly good yields
reported, and upon inquiry as to the
source, the reply was almost invariably
" raspberries ". Occasionally some one
would add milkweed, or basswood, or
willow-herb. I believe I quizzed the
members of that convention more per-
sistently than I ever did those of any
other convention. If a man that I had
cornered got away, I immediately cor-
ralled another. The man who occupied
the room with me at the hotel, where
we stopped, was snoring when I asked
my last question. Then I went home
with Mr. S. D. Chapman, and stayed
a day or two, looked over the ground
from which his honey was gathered,
and listened to the ups and downs of
his apicultural life. Red raspberries
and bees have certainly pulled his
feet oat of the slough of debt. I be-
came thoroughly satisfied that this re-
gion was the best place I had yet seen
for the production of honey ; but I
wanted to see it with my own eyes
when the harvest was in full swing, so,
July, 1903, with camera and pencil, I
started in at Traverse City, and spent
nearly two weeks visiting bee-keepers
from there along up north until near
Charlevoix.

A BIT OF WILDNESS.

I did take one little side-trip to which
I would like to devote a few words.
The grand forests of white pine with
which so much of this State was once
clothed are now nearly extinct, and

By W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

when I heard there was still a small
tract in Otsego County, I thought
" Here is an opportunity to get photo-
graphs of something that in a few
years will be difficult to find— forests
of pine in their native wildness, lift-
ing their beautiful, plume-like tops 150
feet towards the heavens ". After
leaving the cars I walked five miles
along a logging road, lugging my big
camera with me, ate with " the hands '"
at their shanty (and it was pretty good
fare, too), slept with the " boss " in
his bunk, and the next morning started
through the woods for a small lake,
about two miles away, along the banks
of which the men told me I would find
the finest growth of pine. It had
rained during the night, and my trou-

sers and shoes were wet through long
before I reached the lake — but an en-
thusiast does not stop for such trifles
as that. I loosed the boat fastened to
a stake, and floated out over the clear
water — so clear that I could see the
bottom at a depth that made me feel
uncomfortable to think that I was over
such deep water. On all sides towered
the massive walls of dark green pines.
The morning sun was driving away
the wreaths of white mist that still
lingered in their tops. Beautiful water-
lilies, white and yellow, in all their
purity and freshness, floated in great
profusion on the surface of the water.
As I rounded a little point, a red deer,
standing knee-deep in water, eating
lily-pads, gave one frightened look.

MILKWEED IN FULL BLOOM

This picture ^ bows the blossoms about one-fourth natural size. The leaves are a deep,
glossy green, wh le the blossoms are a lilac purple, shading off into a magenta red. Later in
the season each nuch of blossoms is replaced by a seed-pod nearly as large as a banana, and,
attached to the ^^ > ds when ripe is some of the softest, silkiest. Mufliest, whitest, downiest sub-
stance that ever frew. Besides furnishing an abundance of honey, the blossoms also secrete
a sort of gluey - ; bstance that sometimes catches a bee by the leg — usually the bee pulls away.

202

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16. 19C'S.

PATCH OF MILKWEED BY THE ROADSIDE.

In some parts of Northern Michigfm milkweed furnishes an abundance of pasturage. In
1902, Mr. Ira D. Bartlett secured 75 pounds per colony from milkweed alone. The plant grows
freely by the roadside, in openings, and really becomes a weed in crops that can not be culti-
vated— oats, for instance. It is about as difficult to eradicate as a Canada thistle. The honey
is of good body, light in color, and has a flavor similar to the odor from the blossom— some-
thing like vanilla.

three magnificent bounds, and disap-
peared in the pines. Over all was a
stillness that could almost be felt. It
seemed as though I had never been
nearer Nature's heart. The peace, the
joy, the reverence, that came over my
soul, is beyond my power to express.

SOIL AND CROPS— GINSBNG CULTURE.

But, to return : A large portion of
Northern Michigan, that portion I am
describing, from Traverse City north
to Petoskey, is hard-timber land — the
grandest beeches and maples that I
have ever seen— and the greater por-
tion of the land is still uncleared. The
best of the timber is being cut for lum-
ber, then the small and crooked trees
are cut up into furnace-wood. Some
two years ago, or thereabouts, Mr.
Chapman's son bought a tract of wild
land just across the road from his
father's, paying $4.00 an acre for it
The timber, fit for lumber, had been
cut. Last winter he was cutting up
what was left into furnace-wood. After
paying for the cutting and hauling the
timber was netting him $16 an acre.
Such land is now worth about $10 an
acre. The soil is a sandy loam, which,
aided by the cool, moist climate, pro-
duces the finest potatoes in the world.
No other portion of the country is bet-
ter adapted to the production of winter
apples ; and, while I am about it, I may
as well describe a somewhat novel in-
dustry that flourishes here — the raising
of ginseng for market.

Originally the plant grew wild, in
great abundance, in these north woods,
but men made a business of hunting
for and digging it for the market
(sometimes making $3.00 or $4.00 a
day), until it is now very seldom that a
plant is found in the woods, but I
visited several gardens where it was
under cultivation. The plants to start
these gardens were dug up in the woods

and set out. The natural home of the
ginseng is in the deep woods, and in
order that it may flourish under culti-

vation, the same conditions must be
supplied. Leaf-mold is brought from
the woods for use in making beds, and
a shade is furnished by an immense
frame-work 6 or 7 feet above the
ground, upheld by stout posts, and
covered with laths nailed on about an
inch apart. The sides of the enclosure
are also covered similarly with laths. In
short, one way of describing the shade
would be to say that a huge box was
made of laths placed about an inch
apart, and then turned upside down
over the garden. The plants are set
in rows about a foot apart, in beds 5
feet wide and about 100 feet long, and
the dark, rich green of the leaves,
growing in that semi-darkness, like
that of a deep woods, is something de-
lightful to behold. The dried roots
are worth about $7.00 or $S 00 a pound,
while the seeds are sold at such a fabu-
lous price that I would rather not men-
tion it. I was shown one bed of old
plants, bearing aloft their bright-
green seed-pods (and turn to scarlet
when ripe), and told that if those roots
should be dug and marketed, after the
seeds had ripened, that the seeds and
roots would bring $500 ! Just think of
it, a piece of earth 5 feet wide and 100
feet long, bearing a crop worth $500 1

The market for ginseng is in China,
where it is regarded with a sort of
superstitious reverence — supposed to
possess unusual curative virtues; in
short, a cure-all and a charm combined.
Ginseng is a perennial of slow growth ;
the root continuing to increase in size
for several years. Making a fortune
raising ginseng is rather slow at the
start (it takes a year and a half for the

HOME-APIARVr OF S. D. CHAPMAN, OF ANTRIM CO., MICH.

Mr. Chapman winters his bees in the cellar, and this view was taken in March soon after
they were put out. There were still patches of snow in the edges of the woods. Years ago Mr
Chapman had fine crops of honey from basswood. When this was lumbered off, there was
scarcely anything left to produce honey, as the country was nearly all forest, and he seriously
contemplated abandoning bee-culture. Finally lumbermen began cutting off the hard timber,
and this left the land so nearly unoccupied that red raspberries sprang up and changed the
location to one of the best for bee-keeping. From 150 colonies in 1903, Mr. Chapman secured
$1000 worth of raspberry honey. In 1903, from 190 colonies, in two apiaries, he secured 23,000
pounds of extracted honey.

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

203

APlAKi U¥ J AS. ilAKTIN, OF KALKASKA CO., MiCH.

This apiary, of about 100 colonies, was built up in two years from 12 colonies, and a little
honey taken. The enthusiasm of a beginner, together with

over 4000 pounds of extracted
raspberry bloom, did it.

seeds tu germinate), but, if one has
the patience to wait, it is very profit-
able in the end. Mr. Chapman told
me that he sometimes wished that he
had " gone into it " years ago when he
began bee-keeping, but doubted if he
should bother with it now. One man
near Mr. Chapman's started two years
ago, and now has gardens worth $5000,
but he advertised and posted notices all
over the country offering good prices
for roots, and probably paid out a good
share of his $5000 for stock.

THE RED R.4SPBERRY AND ITS HONEY.

But I must stop wandering and get
down to business. I must take up the
feature in which bee-keepers are spec-
ially interested. When this hard tim-
ber is cut off the wild red raspberries
spring up and occupy the ground, and
furnish the most reliable bee-pasturage
there is to be found. The luxuriance
of the growth is something wonderful.
Many times, in riding along a woods-
road, have I been able to reach out and
pick the luscious ripe berries as we
passed — the bushes being so tall and
bending with fruit. I supposed that
the wild red raspberry blossomed only
a week or two, and then was done, but
such is not the case. It keeps in bloom
fully as long as white clover. It be-
gins the last of May or the first of
June, and when I was there, the latter
part of July, the bees were still work-
ing upon it. If there is a drouth in
August, and there are rains and warm
weather in September, it sometimes
blossoms again, and furnishes a sec-
ond crop of honey. One bee-keeper
told me that his daughter visited him
the Fourth of July, and they went out
and picked enough berries to have a
shortcake ; in September she came
again, and they repeated the opera-
tion. While the honey is not quite so
white as that from clover, it is still
classed as a light honey, and has a
delicious raspberry flavor.

The time will probably eventually
come when this country will all be

cleared up and cultivated, as is the
case now in the older portions of the
State, but that will be many long years
hence. For 20 or 25 years it is likely
that this portion of the State will im-
prove as a bee-keeping country — more
of the timber will be cut off ; and the
acreage of raspberry increased. In
some localities of this part of the State
there is still some basswood, but it cer-
tainly will not remain there many
years. The same may be said of the
willow-herb, or Epilobium. In some
places milkweed furnishes a good crop
of fine honey. Clover is already be-
ginning to creep over the cleared fields.
Perhaps the bee-keepers already here

will not thank me for thus exploiting
their territory ; they certainly would not
have done so a few years ago, but bee-
keepers are learning that it does not
pay to crowd. Selfish motives alone
prevent this. In a new country set-
tlers are always welcome, and I doubt
if there is a bee-keeper in this region
who would not welcome other bee-
keepers, and help them to find good
locations, provided they came in the
right spirit — willingness to go back a
little farther rather than crowd some
bee-keeper already located. How I
should delight going into that region,
buying 40 acres of laud in some
romantic location, clearing it up and
planting it all to winter apples, and at
the same time establishing a series of
out-apiaries. If I were not located just

as I am I certainly should do it

But if I were a young man just begin-
ning in bee-keeping, or a middle-aged
man, for that matter, and trying to
make a living keeping bees in a poor
locality, I should certainly go to North-
ern Michigan. I would not do it
rashly. I would not sell a good home,
pack up my things, and drop down
almost anywhere — I should spend a
year or two in investigation, and learn
from personal observation, long con-
tinued, the best place to go.

In this region bees are wintered both
indoors and out, but the most success-
ful wintering that I came across was
that of the bees belonging to Ira D.
Bartlett, of Charlevoix County. Al-
though Mr. Bartlett ia a young man,
and unmarried, he has made a wonder-
ful success of bee-keeping. For one
thing, he is very particular. The hives
must all stand exactly so, and the
covers be put on square, and so on
with everything. Perhaps these things
in themselves do not bring success,
but the trait of character that demands
them is quite likely to command suc-
cess. He has a bed, stove and dishes
in the house near his apiary, and he
literally lives with his bees during the
working season, cooking his own

APIARY AND HOME OF GEO. H. KIRKPATRICK, OF KALKASKA CO., MICH.

A few years . 'O Mr. Kirkpatrick was making a scant living keeping bees in Indiana. A
visit to Northern . lichigan showed him its possibilities, and he was not slow in making the
most of them, li aow has a farm and the beautiful home and apiary shown above. In 1903
his 188 colonies ii reased to 306 and stored about 13,000 pounds of extracted surplus honey.

20:

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 1905.

APIAl

iUA U. liAlllLETT, OF CIl AKLEVDIX CO , MICH.

Mr Bartlett began with a single colonv when he was U years old, has steadily increased,
with no winter losses, until the spring of 1903 he was old enough to vote, and owner o£ an
even 100 colonies, which he the next year increased to 150, and secured 4000 pounds of comb
honey, besides extracting 7000 pounds. He dresses in white duck from head to toe, and be-
lieves that the use of this light-colored clothing saves him many stings and much annoyance
from the bees. A train of cars was passing when this picture was being taken.

Orange, N. J. Vegetation starts from
4 to 6 weel£S later, but it hustles 1 I n
September we have the Jersey's Octo-
ber. Our October is their November.

I promised to tell you of a strange
experience in our bee-yard last fall.
Here it is :

We extracted just prior to the un-
timely frost of Sept. 10, after which we
had several warm, beautiful days. As
the bees were quite active I left the
supers on for a week or two, thinking
they might be working on a patch of
flora that had escaped the frost. When
the weather changed and the supers
were removed, I found in them over
400 pounds of a delicious-flavored
honey, utterly unlike any ever before
gathered at Clovernook.

Our apiary is in our apple orchard.
We had a very heavy yield this year,
and twice each day the windfalls were
collected and fed to our ducks. They
ate three bushels a day. The honey
had a very decided flavor of apples, and
I concluded the bees got their nectar
from those left in the grass or that
rolled under their stands ; but still I
could not account for the 400 pounds as
returns from the few apples that we
had missed. I silently puzzled over
the matter quite a bit.

Early in November, when I was fill-

meals. His father lives in town, a
mile and a half away, and when it
comes time to pack the bees for winter
they are hauled home and packed in
the boxes that stand in his father's
back yard. In the spring they are un-
packed and hauled out to the apiary.
The reason he gives is that he wants
them under his eye all the time, and
where they will not be molested by
prowling marauders. Mr. Bartlett's
onward and upward career as a bee-
keeper is one that I shall watch with
pleasure. — Bee- Keepers' Review.

/T

\=

®urv Sister
BceKccpcrs

"\

J'

Conducted by
Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Late Fall Warm Days— Apple Honey.

Dear Miss Wilson :— Referring to
yours, " I never knew before that there
are localities where there are no warm
days after buckwheat frost " (page 88),
I will explain more fully.

Our sun has considerable power well
into October, and we have many beau-
tiful days some years, that would be
quite summery but for the icy breath —
our foretaste of winter — that sweeps
down from the Adirondacks or across
the Lake from the Green Mountains to
us. These winds are bracing tonics
for worn-out nerves ; but prevent any
work in the hives being practicable
after the supers are removed, for we
leave them on as long as there is a
chance for an extra hundred pounds,
or until after the frost that usually
occurs at the full of our September
moon.

Our seasons are about a month
shorter at each end than they are in

WILD RED. RASPBERRY IN ALL ITS GLORY.

The timber has been lumbered off, or cut for furnace wood, and the raspberries have com
pletely occupied the ground. This view was taken in Kalltaska Co., Mich., and there are thou-
sands of acres in that and adjoining counties where similar growths of berries each year
" waste their sweetness on the desert air '" — there are no bees there to gather the nectar.

March 16 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

205

ing an apple order for a A No. 1 fruit,
I could scarcely find a perfect Tolman
Sweet. They were covered with little
punctures — small, black specks. These
trees are in the bee-yard. None of our
other varieties showed these spots. I
remembered noticing^ bees crawling
over apples and tap, tapping on the
skin with their tails, and when I saw
these spots it seemed as if they might
have punched the holes with their
stingers, and then turned around and
licked up the nectar.

A friendly bee keeper in Saratoga,
to whom I confided my suspicions,
wrote me that she had a similar experi-
ence in her orchard, only more so. Her
fruit was badly punctured, and the
bees were so thick on her windfalls that
they drove her away when she tried to
gather the fruit.

Our Farmers' Institute sent us last
week, among other speakers, Prof.
Stewart, of the Geneva Station, whose
specialty is the diseases of fruit, es-
pecially apples and trees. I privately
told him my tale, and gave him two
sample apples, which he took away,
and after careful testing will report to
me results, which he expects will

simply show whether the defects in the
apples are due to disease or the sting
of an insect.

Usually, YOU know, when the apples
are growing mellow, the buckwheat
bloom is at its best, and after the frost
the bees take only short flights at
about noon. At that time in the fall
we gather our app'es. This is the first
fall, in my 10 years' experience here,
that we have had so early a frost fol-
lowed by such beautiful weather, and
if my surmises are correct, this may
account for the experience.

I will send you Prof. Stewart's re-
port as soon as it is received.

(Miss) Frances E. Wheeler.

Clinton Co., N. Y.

That report of Prof. Stewart will be
awaited wiih much interest. But,
surely, the finding will not be that the
bees had any hand (or sting) in punc-
turing the fruit. At one time Rev. W.
F. Clarke gravely asserted that bees
used their stings as trowels with which
to work the wax in building their
combs, but no particle of proof was
ever given for such statement, and no
one takes it seriously nowadays. It is
extremely doubtful that the bee ever

uses its jaws to puncture fruit, and
still more doubtful that it uses its sting
for that purpose.

It is true that bees do make a sort of
tapping with their tails that you have
been observant enough to notice ; but
when you saw them doing so did you
ever see one thrust out its sting ? It
ought easily to be seen, if the sting is
thus thrust out. Did any one, in any
case, ever know a bee to thrust out its
sting while in the act of searching or
taking a lunch 7 It might be sug-
gested, also, that if a bee should sting
an apple and then turn around to lick
up the escaping juices, the act of turn-
ing around could be plainly seen.
Please note next fall whether such
turning around really occurs.

It may be interesting to some of the
sisters to know that Miss Wheeler is a
member of the faculty of the Columbia
School of Poultry Culture in New York
State. She makes a specialty of rear-
ing high-grade Pekin ducks, most of
which she sells at good prices as breed-
ing stock. She also devotes a consid- ■
erable portion of her time to bees, hav-
ing found the combination of bee-keep-
ing and poultry culture both profitable
and pleasant.

ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' CONVENTION.

REPORTED BY MORLEY PETTIT.

(Continned from page 152 )

Mr. R. F. Holtermann read a paper on

THE PAST WINTER'S LOSSES AND THE DEDUC-
TIONS TO BE DRAWN THEREFROM.

In the Canadian Bee Journal for September appears a
letter from the veteran statistician in the Department of
Agriculture for the Dominion, Mr. George Johnston, which
reads in part as follows :

"We certainly had a severe loss in our bees here. I lost
all I had in Nova Scotia. East of the Ottawa I think more
than 75 per cent of the colonies were lost. That would mean
53,000 or 54,000 colonies dead, leaving not more than 17,000
that came through the winter, while 50 per cent loss west
of the Ottawa would leave the stock of bees not more than
60,000, giving in all 77,000 where the census of 1901 ga\ e a
total of 190,000. This is a terrible death-rate, and at .^i.OO
a colony the loss through the winter's action would not be far
from a quarter of a million dollars for bees alone, to say
nothing of the loss of honey through not having the bees.
If the whole 77,000 give off two swarms this season, we wuuld
still be 69,000 to 70,000 colonies short of what we were- in
1900."

The above statement, coming from such a source, has upon
it the stamp of authority. I had previously placed tin- per-
centage of loss at 70, which in my estimation is not too high.

In estimating the financial loss, we must remember that a
great many of the combs and hives in which the beej per-
ished have become useless, the combs having been destinyed
by that enemy (and friend) of the bee-keeper — the moth.
The hives sometimes find a market at a loss, but quite nften
the moth renders them partially valueless, carelessne=- and
time completing the work of destruction. Three or four dol-
lars per colony would be a very conservative estimate f the
loss in bees and hives. .'Vgain, the majority of the cc jnies
that survived were in too weak a condition to take propc- ad-
vantage of the honey-flow when it came, resulting in thr loss.

through lack of workers, of a large percentage of nectar
which might have been harvested.

Looking at it from a national standpoint, there would be
a financial loss to the country of at least half a million dol-
lars, and a blow to the industry from which it w-ill take years
to recover. So much for the fact. Next in my address I am
called upon to make deductions.

Webster's Dictionary gives as the meaning of deduction,
"That which is deducted or drawn from premises by a process
of reasoning; an inference; a conclusion." Let me confess that
this is a line of work I like, however feeble my powers may be
to perform. Looking at bee-keeping as a whole, I see in many of
the articles which are written for bee and agricultural papers
in general, in the items in the general press, even in the
addresses at conventions, and in the discussions which take
place, a great many statements as to what the exponent does,
or informing others what they should do, but painfully little
as to how he should act under given conditions, and showing
why it should be done in that way. There are laws in Phvsics,
in Chemistry, in Nature, which can be explained and made
intelligible to even a simple-minded individual. Without the
above, in connection with instruction, there can be no intelli-
gent action and no solid, intelligent progress.

Conditions studied are of prime importance, and the
foundation of successful action, and such a course would
lead to greater harmony in our discussions, greater intelli-
gence and greater progress in the bee-keeping industry, and
vastly benefit us individually and collectively.

To learn to think truly, and not merely imitate or ape
would not only lessen the per cent of winter loss, but would
revolutionize many of our lives for time, yes, for eternity.

May we from last winter's e-xperience come to the con-
clusion that Canada is not suited to this, the aesthetic branch
of agriculture, or may we even say that it is not a safe branch
of agriculture in Canada? Far be the thought frorii us. As
to quality, wherever shown, the quality of Canadian honey
has proved itself to be unsurpassed. Judges — not Canadian,
even foreigners — have again and again pronounced in favor
of our honey. British experts, honest men, who had a love
for and a fostering interest in the development of bee-keep-
ing in their own land, have told me and others that our
Canadian honey leaves nothing to be desired.

As far as the winter i.^ concerned, we have among us
those who winter bees with as great certainty and success

206

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16 1905.

as the shepherd and the herdsman winter his flocks and
herds. In this respect what one can do another may. Shall
we then say that the past winter was a winter in which bees
could not be wintered with success? We must admit it
was the most disastrous for many years. To my recollec-
tion we have had none like it for 23 years, but both in reposi-
tories and outside bees were, during the time under discus-
sion, wintered with success. Such a line of argument must
then fall to the ground.

Shall we then say that a great many do not know the
conditions under which bees can be wintered with reasonable
safety? If we can judge from what we see and hear, we
may surely make this assertion with safety. There are
many who do not know, who can not know, the conditions
under which bees can with reasonable safety be wintered.
They have begun bee-keeping through the acquisition of a
stray swarm, or the microbe of bee-fever has taken root
in their mind through the success of one who has devoted
his time to the work. They see the returns, but not the
labor. No literature upon the subject is sought; they have
no proverbial "long-felt want," or short either, for knowl-
edge. An old hive is bought, perhaps with foul-brood germs;
this neglected hive may be a breeding-place for this disease, and
the moth. During their short career as bee-keepers, if
product they have, it is oftener than not, taken in such a shape
that when sold it depresses the market. They sell at a sacri-
fice. This class of bee-keepers is a menace to apicultural
society, and cannot be too strongly discouraged. With the
beginner who sees in it a business and desires to engage in it
in a business-like way, we as individuals and especially as an
association having a Government grant, entrusted with public
money, should have every sympathy.

Let us state the truth, that bee-keeping is an occupation
full of problems, which multiply to our view as we gain ex-
perience and rise in it.

The occupation we know nothing of is the one which
appears simple and easy to understand. Let us take home the
wholesome lesson in spiritual as well as temporal life, im-
parted when man fell, "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou
eat bread" ; to produce good, evils must be resisted and
difficulties overcome. We can easily recognize this class who
do not know the conditions under which bees can be win-
tered with reasonable safety. There is, however, under this
head another class, perhaps not as numerous, but more dan-
gerous, who can do an immeasurable amount of harm in in-
fluencing the less experienced and less thoughtful bee-keeper.
I refer to the blind leaders of the blind. It is a well-known
joke among the veterans that when a bee-keeper has a little
experience he knows more than he ever will again ; he can tell
you all about it; this he realizes he never can ;t a later stage
of the game.

I am fairly familiar with the various branches of agricul-
ture, having been brought up on a farm, worked on a farm,
taken a course at the Ontario Agricultural College, and kept
in touch with the developments of modern agriculture since.
Seeing from that standpoint, it seems to me that no class
of agriculture is handicapped as bee-keeping is with such
inefficient instructors and experimenters in one way and an-
other. Anything and anyone is good enough to take the
bee-department, when in other lines it would not be offered
or tolerated. These agencies, be they Government or private,
by their action endorse the thought that it requires no train-
ing to keep bees, and these agencies help to swell the ranks
of those who increase the percentage of winter loss, and who
are a menace and a detriment to the agriculture of a country.

Our world's governments, if we except some countries
in Europe, our public institutions, our press, in the develop-
ment of our various branches of agriculture, remind me
largely of the unjust father who had a large family to pro-
vide for, and found it impossible to give to every child a
first-class education and position, so he sent some to school,
college and university; they became noted men; others, how-
ever, instead of educating them at school and university, he
set at breaking stones on the road; the children became
marked contrasts; the former in time looked down with
scorn upon the latter; the stone-breaker as the eminent
man's carriage drove by, justly despised and perhaps envied
his rich brother because he had been elevated by having given
to him what was justly the stone-breaker's share, and the
head of the family was judged for his partial action, and
condemned by every just and thoughtful person. Some
branches of agriculture are rolling by in their carriages, whilst
apiculture and apicultural markets are still in the stone-
breaking stage.

Then we see those who know how to prepare their bees,
but are too busy, too careless, and too indifferent to put that
knowledge into practice. We know of many who undertake
too much, who have too many irons in the fire ; the return
they get for the capital they have invested is a loss, a repu-
tation for lack of thoroughness, to say nothing of added worry
and annoyance. The person who is constitutionally a little
behind should never keep bees. The "too many irons in the
fire" man never reaches the degree of success where that suc-
cess gives him a stimulus and pleasure of which the ordinary
man knows nothing. We are in the days of the specialist;
no man is competent to lead in a variety of agricultural
subjects.

My last deduction is that last winter's experience, and
years of experience, teach us that bee-keeping is a branch
of agriculture which punishes sooner or later the careless,
inexperienced bee-keeper, and the person who cannot give it
due attention. And it rewards liberally the careful, ener-
getic, thrifty and studious performer; in other words, it is
worthy the attention of our brightest minds and dispositions.
This last deduction is sound, and the more we blazon abroad
this fact, the better for bee-keeping, and the better for the coun-
try. The more successful bee-keepers' will we have, the less
of the dangerous elements. Bee-keeping is an occupation
peculiarly dangerous to one of a slothful or improvident dis-
position. Action has to be taken when present circumstances
would not spur us to that action. To prepare for a honey-
flow weeks, yes, months, before, when cold would rather
draw us to the fireside ; to prepare for a rush of honey when
scarcely a bee is stirring in the apiary, requires energy and
foresight. The life history of the bee, a knowledge of the
best implements, mechanical training, botany, chemistry, en-
tomology, physics, and meteorology, the nature of soils, physi-
cal strength, mental endowments and business acumen pos-
sessed and applied, all will be rewarded when one engages
in bee-keeping. This is more or less true of all branches
of agriculture.

In choosing a life profession the parent and child often
choose a calling where the means financial, mental and other-
wise, can give no hope of being in anything but the vanguard
of the profession. Desire in this should be governed by solid
sense. The careless and thoughtless, and the poorly-equipped
and shiftless, better not follow agriculture as a business, and
select something which does not require so wide a range of
information and powers. It would be better for him to be-
come a lawyer, a doctor, a merchant, a politician, or the like.
Strictly speaking, my subject ends here, and yet I ven-
ture an addition to what has been said, to say a few words
upon the additional prevention of these winter losses. See-
ing that every colony has a fertile queen, of the best wintering
strain, and 30 pounds of winter stores, would reduce the per-
centage of winter loss very much. The colder it is the more
compactly bees cluster. If stores do not reach the cluster
they may not be able to break the cluster to reach the stores,
and starve. This is frequently the case during prolonged
cold-spells, and only a moderate amount of stores in the hive.
The moisture given off by the bees should be expelled
from the hive. After allowing in outside wintering sufficient
packing to protect from cold, there are two methods advo-
cated. By means of one, the fresh air is brought in at the
entrance of the hive, and the air laden with moisture and
carbonic-acid gas carried off at the same opening.

The other method is to bring in the pure air at the en-
trance and carry the foul air by the pressure from the fresh air
entering the hive, and the natural tendency for the warmed
air to rise, by these means to carry the exhausted air through
the packing above.

Arthur C. Miller, in the Review, lays down in no uncer-
tain tones that the entrance is the proper opening for fresh
air, and also the outlet for foul. In a stove we have the
place where the fresh air enters, as in the hive we have the
entrance to the hive. In the wood and fire we have combus-
tion and oxidation, as with the bees and honey we have com-
bustion and oxidation. When the fresh air entrance becomes
the natural outlet for the smoke and carbonic-acid gas, then
the entrance to the hive will be the natural outlet for the
exhausted air of the hive.

In the common entrance and outlet we have what is
known in science as a friction of air currents, the bees wast-
ing energy in expelling it, as they do, in forcing the warmed
atmosphere down. Another objection is that more or less of
the exhausted, impure air, must be drawn back into the hive
by what is known as diffusion of gasses. But what makes this
advice so dangerous in colder climates — and I have no doubt
that this advice has led to the loss of many a colony of bees

March 16, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

207

during the past winter— is that as the moisture-laden air re-
turns to the colder part of the hive, it condenses and freezes,
the distance inside of the hive the moisture condenses de-
pending upon the cluster, the size of the hive, the si/e of
the entrance, and the efficiency of the packing. Such condi-
tions were common, and the cold and damp atmosphere with
the frozen entrance destroyed the bees. Let me say that
cold alone rarely kills bees. I saw in Norfolk during th.; lat-
ter part of March bees alive and apparently in fair condition
that had been standing out all winter in hives, with upper
stories, and a J^-inch hive-cover, the combs and the bees
in the lower chamber of the hive did not even have a thin
cloth above them, the nearest protection was the warped
^-board at the top of the upper story. Cold was there surely
in abundance, but no moisture lingered in the atmosphere
about the bees.

The right method is the chimney principle — the foul air
carried away at the top, packing enough to keep the liees
warm, but not so abundant or so compact that the foul air
could not rise through the packing on the hive. Here where
the moisture leaves the hive the hive is warrn, the heat of the
cluster and the air rising and no condensation takes place
until the moisture reaches the top of the packing, or until
it strikes the under side of the outside case-cover. Here it
can be disposed of at favorable periods by allowing moderate
ventilation under this cover. The common opening ventila-
tor is wrong in principle in any climate, but particularly in-
jurious and dangerous in a cold climate. I trust I have made
this clear.

In inside wintering there have been heavy losses, chiefly
in respositories which could not maintain an even and suffi-
ciently high temperature. The moisture above-mentioned has
also not been carried off. This combination with low tem-
perature resulted in heavy losses.

Our own repository, which will hold' 1,000 colonies, and
has this winter 700 in it, is especially built with the object
of securing a uniform but sufficiently high temperature. The
fresh and the foul air is not brought in at the same entrance,
but for convenience and economy of space the back of the
hive is raised two inches on the stand and }i inches from
the bottom-board. Through this rear-opening the foul air
escapes.

In conclusion, let me say, not alone will these periodic
attacks occur to bee-keeping, but the cheapest production and
the best goods will not be secured, neither will we have our
markets developed to their best until we secure that recog-
nition for bee-keeping and that aid in the development of the
industry which has been given to other branches of agricul-
ture. We may bluster, we may make statements that bee-
keeping does not require such aid, but it cannot be shown by
a line of logic that in this respect the principles which gov-
ern its development are different from other branches of ag-
riculture. Dairying would not go back to the days before
it had no fostering care. Fruit-growers value the help they
are getting ; the poultry industry has been put upon a more
profitable footing; and so might bee-keeping have a new era
of prosperity under proper guidance.

R. F. HOLTERMANN.

J. K. Darling — Much loss of bees was caused by the
dearth of honey last season. The bees quit breeding too
early, and did not have enough honey for winter.

J. B. Hall — They started breeding too early and ex-
hausted themselves. Old age comes not from the numher of
months bees have lived, but from the number of babies they
have reared.

Mr. Holtermann — Top ventilation is not so necessary in
the cellar as out-of-doors. It is not a question of bringing
the bees out alive. They must be in good condition for best
results.

Mr. Sibbald — They must have heat to expel the mois-
ture at the entrance.

D. W. Heise — The loss was caused by the continued low
tem.perature. I had wintered successfully with no packmg
on the sides and bottom — only on top, but that was not suffi-
cient for the last winter.

Mr. Chadwick piles his bees five high in the eellar ;
has ventilation all at the entrance ; and very little air is ad-
mitted to the cellar. He sets his bees out on April 27.

Morley Pettit considered the cover might well be tight
when the hive is pried up J^-inch from the bottom-board at
the back. Of course some upward ventilation through a
chaflF cushion is good. The point to bfe observed is, warm
covering for hives in the cellar to raise the hive temperature

above that of the cellar air. This facilitates change of air in
the hive.

RESULTS OF APIARIAN EXPERIMENTS AT THE
CENTRAL EXPERIHENT FARM— CELLAR WIN-
TERING OF BEES-DESCRIPTION OF CEL-
LAR AND GENERAL ARRANGE-
MENT OF HIVES.

The cellar is below a private house. The walls are of
stone and the floor of cement. The bee-room, 11 feet 6 inches
wide by 15 feet long and 7 feet high, allows three tiers of
shelves and two passages. It is boarded off from the re-
mainder of the cellar by a partition which extends all around
the chamber, and far enough from the stone wall to allow
of an air-space. Should there be enough bees to fill the cellar
the boarding could be left out. Under the cement floor a
layer of one foot of stones varying in size acts as a drain and
keeps the cellar perfectly dry. The lowest shelf is 18 mches
from the floor, the second 20 inches in the clear above, and
the third 20 inches above that. Neither the hives on the
third or uppermost shelf nor the uprights supporting the
shelves touch the ceiling, so that no vibration can reach the
hives from above. This chamber is thoroughly ventilated,
as is also the whole cellar. Before entering the bee-room
is a smaller compartment with a door leading outside and
another leading to the bee-room. Both rooms have sliding
ventilators in the doors, so that outside air may be let in at
will. Ventilation is carefully attended to and sudden changes
of temperature are avoided; for this, a thermometer which
is always kept in the cellar, is watched. The best tempera-
ture for the bee-cellar has been found to be from 42 to 48
degrees Fahrenheit. This arrangement has given entire sa,tis-
faction. In former years there was not proper ventilation,
and the cellar was always damp. Since the concrete floor
has been laid and the ventilators put in, the cellar has been
much drier and cleaner. It is also rat and mouse-proof,
which is a very great advantage.

Experiment No. i. — Six colonies were put into winter
quarters in the cellar and placed on the shelves. Under the
back end of each hive was placed a 2-inch block, each hive
was besides raised from its own bottom-board by a one-inch
block being placed at the back so as to insure free ventilation.
All front entrances were left wide open, the wooden covers
were all removed, and replaced with cushions made of chaff
4 inches thick, sufficiently wide and long to lap over the hive
2 inches. Temperatures were taken once each week all
through the winter and were kept very even, from 44 to 48
degrees. The bees were quiet, only a very slight hum being
noticeable up to February, when, the temperature having
risen to 48, the bees began to get uneasy and made consid-
erable hum. Cold air was carefully let in during the night
by opening the slides in the doors and closing them in the
morning; this of course lowered the temperature and the
bees quieted down. During the past winter [1903-'0tl] every
colony in this experiment was perfectly dry and clean, and all
came out in excellent condition. Average weight of each
hive when put into winter quarters, 58^. pounds ; when taken
out on April 22, 491-^ pounds per hive; showing that each
hive had lost 9^ poimds on an average.

Experiment No. z. — Six colonies were put into the cellar
and placed on the shelves, a 3-inch block being placed be-
tween the bottom-board and the brood-chamber only in front,
making the full entrance 3 inches high across the whole
front. The wooden covers were removed and replaced with
a chaff cushion. Temperature same as in Experiment No. 1.
During the whole winter all the colonies in this experiment
were perfectly dry and clean, and showed no uneasiness of
any kind. The bees could be seen hanging in a quiet cluster
below the frames any time during the winter. The average
weight when put into winter quarters on Nov. 23 was 59
pounds and 12 ounces; when taken out April 22, 51 pounds
and 8 ounces ; showing that each hive had lost on an average
8 pounds and 4 ounces.

Experiment No. 3. — Six colonies were put into the cellar
and placed on the shelves, with tops and bottom-boards of
the hives left on, just as they were brought in from the bee-
yard. They were watched for dampness, mold, or dysentery,
also to compare the amount of honey consumed. Tempera-
ture of cellar the same as in Experiment No. 1. During
December and January all were very quiet. During February
there was considerable humming. Drops of water were
noticed along the entrances of three hives. There were but
very few dead bees on the bottom-board and no sign of
dysentery. On examination when put on the summer stands,
two of the hives had considerable molded combs. The aver-

20S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 1905.

age weight when put into winter quarters, 58 pounds and 10
ounces ; when taken out April 22, 49 pounds and 3 ounces ;
showing that the average loss of each hive was 9 pounds and
7 ounces.

Experiment No. 4. — Six colonies were put into the cellar
and placed on the shelves, with bottoms of the hives left on,
just as they were brought in from the bee-yard. The wooden
covers were removed and nothing left on except a tightly-
sealed propolis quilt; the natural entrance was left wide open.
Temperature of cellar same as in Experiment No. 1. During
the entire winter the bees kept perfectly dry, and a very
slight hum could be heard. There were but very few dead
bees on the bottom-board and no sign of dysentery. On
examination when put on the summer stands all the colonies
were found to be in first-class condition. The average weight
when put into winter quarters Nov. 23 was 59 pounds and
ounces; when taken out April 22, 49 pounds and 3 ounces;
showing that on an average each had lost 8 pounds and 12
ounces.

DAMP CELL.\RS FOR WINTERING BEES.

Many letters are received enquiring whether a damp .cel-
lar is a fit place to winter bees in. An experiment was con-
ducted during the winter of 1902-3 with three colonies of bees.
During the winter of 1903-4 it was thought best to try this
experiment with six colonies in a similar manner as in the
previous experiment. Seven pails of water were arranged in
such a way that the colonies of bees would rest on the edges
of the pails, allowing the full surface of the water to be
exposed.

Six colonies were selected for this experiment, all of
about equal strength, and all in Langstroth hives, weighing
on an average 571^ pounds each. The wooden covers "were
removed from the hives and replaced with propolis quilts;
the bottom of each hive was loosened from the brood-cham-
ber and a block 2 inches square was placed at each corner
between the bottom-board and the brood-chamber, ensuring
free ventilation from the bottom of each hive. The cellar
was kept at a very even temperature of 44 to 48 degrees.
The bees could be seen hanging below the frames in a auiet
chister all winter. They were all examined once each week" and
at no time did there appear to be any sign of uneasiness from
the extra moisture. There were scarcely any dead bees on
any of the bottom-boards nor any sign of dysentery, and all
came out in excellent condition. The colonies were put on
the summer stands on March 20 ; the day being fine and warm,
all began flymg at once. The average weight of the six
colonies when put on the summer stands was 4414 pounds
each. Durmg the days intervening from March 20 to April
.'■> the weather was cool and no flying took place up to the
later date. At this period there was but one good, bricrht
warm day (April 5) and the bees had to content themselves
lo remain indoors until April 22, when the weather turned
nuite warm. The bees then built up very rapidly and were
m excellent condition for the honey flow.

A second experiment was tried, adding more moisture
Six colonies were selected for this experiment, all of about
equal strength, and all in Langstroth hives, weighing on an
average 58^ pounds each. The wooden covers were re-
nioved from the hives and the sealed propolis quilts left on
the bottom-board of each hive being loosened from the brood-
chamber and a block 2 inches square placed at each corner
between the bottom-board and the brood-chamber ensuring
free ventilation from the bottom of each hive. Seven pails
of water were then put on the floor in such a way that the
SIX hives were resting on the edges of the pails, allowing
the full surface of the water to be exposed. In addition to
the pails of water six inches of sand was spread on the
cellar floor between the pails and covering six inches of the
floor outside of the pails. There was also a large cotton
sheet spread over the six hives. The sand and sheet were
kept thoroughly saturated with water once each week dur-
ing the winter. The cellar was kept at a very even tempera-
ture of 44 to 48 degrees and was well ventilated during the
whole winter. The bees in this test were more uneasy than
in the experiment first described where no sand or cotton
covering was used, having to keep up fanning for ventila-
tion. Ihere were also considerably more dead bees on the
bottom-boards and several had drops of water along the
entrance, but there was no sign of dysentery. On March
20, the day being fine, the colonies were removed to the
bee-yard, where all began flying at once. The average weight
of the SIX colonies when put on the summer stands was 44i<j
pounds each. From March 20 to April 22 the bees had but

one good flight. After April 22 the weather became consid-
erably warmer, they began building up rapidly, and were in
excellent condition for the clover bloom.

The average strength of the six colonies that had the
extra moisture was not as great as in the former test, but as
soon as they got fine weather they gained rapidly. Care was
taken to see that the colonies in both tests had plenty of un-
sealed stores before fruit-bloom and between fruit and clover-
bloom. This was done by uncapping one side of a frame
of honey nearest to the cluster, allowing the bees to use up
the honey for food and providing space for the queen to lay
her eggs. Although so much moisture was in close proximity
to the colonies, a great deal of the success of this experiment
is no doubt due to the good cellar in which it was tried, the
cellar having stone walls, cement floors, good ventilation and
the temperature being easily regulated. This goes to show
that good ventilation and even temperature have a great deal
to do with successful wintering. An excellent plan for ven-
tilating is to have sliding ventilators in the doors, so that
much or little air may be let in as desired. Also connect
an extra stove-pipe, provided with a damper to the regular
heating stove. This may be done by means of a T or an
extra flue will answer. Allow the pipe to extend into the
cellar. This plan of ventilating has proven very successful.

EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE WHICH BEES WOULD CONSUME

MOST, OF HONEY OR SUGAR, WHILE BEING CONFINED

IN THEIR WINTER QUARTERS.

Eight colonies in Langstroth hives were selected for this
experiment, all of as nearly equal strength as could be se-
cured. On September 1 their natural stores were removed
from both sets. On September 2 all were weighed as fol-
lows :

(o). The 4 colonies fed sugar syrup: No. 1 weighed

30 lbs. 7 ozs. ; No. 2, 31 lbs. 12 ozs. ; No. 3, 31 lbs. 10 ozs. ; No. A.

31 !bs. 3 ozs. ; average of weight 31 lbs. 4 ozs.

(ft.) The 4 colonies fed extracted honey; No. 1. weight
30 lbs. 9 ozs. ; No. 2, 31 lbs. 10 ozs. ; No. 3, 30 lbs. 12 ozs. ; No.
4, 31 lbs. 1 oz. : or an average of 31 pounds.

Miller feeders were placed in empty section-supers, close
to the top of the brood-frames, any part of the brood-frames
not covered by the feeder being covered bv a propolis quilt
cut so as to allow the bees a passage through it. By keeping
the feeder well packed around, except where the bees outer,
the heat is kept in and at the same time the bees cannot daub
themselves with the liquid. In both experiments the bees
had a constant supply of syrup and honey. Both the honey
and the syrup were supplied to the bees at about blood heat.
The syrup was made of the best granulated sugar, two parts
to one of water by weight. The water was first brought to a
boil, then the boiler was set back on the stove and the sugar
having been poured in, the mixture was stirred until all was
dissolved.

The 4 colonies fed sugar syrup when put into winter
quarters November 24 weighed as follows: No. 1, 61 lbs. 4
ozs.; No. 2, 62 lbs. 9 ozs.; No. 3, 62 lbs. 7 ozs.; No. 4. 62
lbs. 0 oz. ; or an average of 62 lbs. 1 oz.

The 4 colonies fed extracted honey when put into winter
quarters on November 24 weighed as follows: No. 1. 6..' lbs.
13 ozs.; No. 2, 62 lbs. 14 ozs.; No. 3, 62 lbs.; No. 4, 62 lbs.
5 ozs. ; or an average of 63 lbs. 8 ozs.

The 4 colonies fed sugar syrup when taken from their
winter quarters March 22 weighed as follows : No. 1, 47 lbs.
3 ozs.; No. 2, 49 lbs. 4 ozs.; No. 3, 51 lbs. 5 ozs.; No. 4, 51
lbs. 8 ozs. ; average, 49 lbs. 13 ozs.

The 4 colonies fed extracted honey when taken from their
winter quarters March 22 weighed as follows : No. 1 50 lbs.
9 0Z.S. ; No. 2, 53 lbs. 1 oz. ; No. 3, 51 lbs. 13 ozs.; No. 4, 51
lbs. 2 ozs. ; average, 51 lbs, 10 ozs.

Difference in favor of the honey, 1 lb. 13 ozs. per colony.
When put into winter quarters they were placed on the
shelves in the cellar, and the wooden covers were raised at
one end lA. an inch, while the sealed propolis quilt was left
undisturbed. The hives were all given extra ventilation at
the bottom by placing at the entrance a wooden block be-
tween the bottom-board and the brood-chamber, thus rais-
ing the front of the brood-chamber 3 inches extra. During
the balance of November and December very slight humming
could be heard ; January and February scarcely any apprecia-
ble hum could be heard. During the whole winter there was
no sign of uneasiness of any kind and very few dead bees
about the entrance, the bottom-boards were quite clean and no
sign of dysentery in either experiment. All came out in first-
class condition and built up rapidly for the honey-flow.

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

209

INSULATING HIVES FOR OUTSIDE WINTERING.

Two colonies of equal strength with good laying qutrens
in Langstroth hives were taken for this experiment. The
hives were insulated against the winter cold by cushions in
the following manner :

Slats 1 inch thick were nailed at intervals all around
the hive; on these was tacked one layer of thick brown
building-paper and then a layer of oiled paper, which in-
creases durability and also keeps out vermiri. In order to
provide extra protection to the hive, a box six inches wider
and six inches longer was placed over this with an opening
cut at the entrance, 1 inch by 2 inches, all other openings be-
ing closed. The wooden covers of each hive were removed
and replaced with a chafT cushion 3 inches thick, the latter
placed on the propolis quilt, and lapping over the sides of
the hive ; two layers of paper were then placed on the top of
the cushion and a second cushion added, with the top of the
outside box over it.

The bees were put into winter quarters November 18.
No sound could be heard from these colonies all winter, up
to March 10, when a slight hum was perceptible. On March
20, the first bees made their appearance ; there were many
dead bees at the entrance of the hives. On March 21, the day
being bright and warm, the outside cases were removed, leav-
ing the paper and one chaff cushion on during tlie cold
spring. Upon examination, one colony was found to be in
fairly good condition; the other very poor, with many dead
bees on the bottom-board. A few days afterwards the latter
was found to be deserted. The frames in both cases were all
dry and clean and had abundance of honey to carry them
through from November to the clover bloom. Weight, when
put into winter quarters, 53^ pounds each ; in spring, 37J4
pounds each, or a loss of 16^ lbs.

A second experiment was tried similar to the above. Four
hives were taken for this test, instead of having them packed
single. The four were placed in a large packing case, the
case being one foot larger each way than the hives, the hives
being placed six inches apart in the case, with six inches of
cut straw on the bottom of the case for the hives to rest upon.
The .6-inch space between the hives was packed with cut
straw, also the one-foot space all around and on top of the
hives. The entrance of two of the hives faced each that of
the other, and two hives faced west. The entrance to the
hives was kept clear of snow all winter to insure free ventila-
tion. No sound could be heard from these colonies all
winter.

On March 22 the bees made their appearance, when many
were flying briskly going out and returning. From March
22 to April 23 the bees had but one good flight. On .April
22 they were then examined. Very few, dead bees were
found on the bottom-boards ; the combs were dry and clean
and no sign of dysentery. They were then removed from
the packing case and placed on the summer stands. The
average weight of the hives when tlie bees were put into
winter quarters was 6254 lbs. ; when put on the sununer
stands, 49J4 lbs., showing that each hive had lost 13 poiuids
and 4 ounces. The weather at this date being bright and
warm the bees built up rapidly and were in excellent condition
for the honey flow.

This experiment was tried in a well-sheltered corner
where no cold winds could get at the hives.

SAINFOIN.

This clover has again attracted much attention on the
Central Experiment Farm, both as a fodder-plant and al^o
as a honey-producer. Sainfain sown in May, 1903, came in
bloom on Aug. 15, of the same year, was cut for hay on Aug.
2S, and gave a yield per acre of one ton and 760 pound.- ..f
cured hay.

The autumn growth was allowed to remain as a cover
for protection to the roots over winter. The summer of l'.)04
growth strong and even ; height averaged 23 inch ; came in
bloom May 31, and lasted up to June 20, when the plot was
cut for hay. These dates might have been extended had ihe
plants been grown merely for honey; but as they were .it
that time in the best condition for hay they were cut for '"..it
purpose.

The yield of the first cutting was 2 tons 840 pound- of
cured hay per acre. The seceond bloom was on July :-'\
and lasted until Aug. 15, when it was again cut for ' ^y,
giving one ton and 837 pounds of cured hay per acre, c- i
total yield for the year of 3 tons and 1,677 pounds per acrr.

INTRODUCING QUEENS.

Eight queens were introduced during the season, four on
the Benton plan and four with frames of brood taken Irom
several hives. All queens belonging to the colonies that were
to receive the imported queens were removed 24 hours before
introducing the new queens.

Benton Introducing Cage Method. — The Bentnn mailing
and introducing cage is ordinarily used over the country.
This consists of an oblong block of wood with three holes
bored nearly through, one of the end-holes being filled with
"Good candy, and the other two being left for the occupancy
of the bees and queen. On the back of the cover are printed
the directions for introducing, and at each end of the cage
is a small hole bored through horizontally, but which in the
mails is stopped by a cork. One hole is for tire admission
of the bees and queen preparatory to mailing, and the other
for the liberation of the queen, by the bees eating out the
candy in the course of 20 to 30 hours, thus releasing her
automatically. When the cage is received, the cork covering
the candy is to be removed, as well as the wooden cover over
the wire-cloth. The cage is then placed on top of the frames,
care being taken to place the wire-cloth over the space be-
tween two frames in the center of the brood-nest. The queen
is then released by the bees in the manner explained.

I would advise all to have extra cages for introducing
so that no disease may be brought in with the queen. See
that the cage you introduce with is thoroughly cleaned, and
have fresh food in readiness made from your own honey
placed in the cage. Then remove the queen and bees from
the cage they were received into the one prepared for them
and follow directions above.

How to Make Honey and Sugar Thick for Feeding. —
Take good, thick honey and heat (not boil) it until becomes
very thin, and then stir it into pulverized sugar. After .stirring
in all the sugar the honey will absorb, take it out of the
utensil in which it is mixed, and thoroughly knead it with'
the hands. The kneading will make it more pliable, and soft,
so that it will absorb or take up more sugar. For summer
use it should be worked, mixing in a little more sugar r.ntil
the dough is so stiff as not to work readily, and it should then
be allowed to stand for a day or two ; and if still so soft as
to run, a little more suger should be kneaded in. .\ good
deal will depend upon the season of the year — there should be
more sugar in proportion to the honey in warm weather than
in cool weather.

ANOTHER METHOD OF INTRODUCING QUEENS.

Select a strong colony, remove the wooden cover, and
place a fine wire netting over the tops of the brood frames
to prevent passage from one hive to the other ; place on top
of this wire-cloth a brood-chamber with 4 frames of well-
sealed brood, selected from different hives, with young bees
just hatching out, but with no unsealed brood. Put the
queen in this and close the hive bee-tight, and keep it over the
strong colony four or five days. By that time a respectable
force of young workers will be present, and the hive may be
placed on the stand where it is to remain and the entrance
to be made large enough for only one bee to pass at a time.
As a matter of precaution against robbing, the entrance may
be opened as the colony gets stronger. This later plan has
never failed with me. John Fixter.

director's report.

The year just past has been a very peculiar one for the
bee-keepers of this Province, and of the northern and eastern
portion of the United States as well, in that there was an
almost unprecedented loss among bees. This fact, coupled
with the rather poor honey season, has resulted in a very
small crop of honey. We have the satisfaction, however, to
report that the quality of the crop secured has been up to the
average.

The sum of $200 was set apart for the affiliated socie-
ties. This was expended in accordance with the by-laws.
There was no money granted to the different agricultural
societies during the year, but we have added $50 of the
funds of the Association to the special grant from the Gov-
ernment for the prizes and other expenses of the Fruit.
Flower and Honey Show. The Canadian Bee Journal has
been sent to each member of the Association, as usual. As
you will see by the reports of the different officers we are
able to report that our finances are in a healthy condition,
notwithstanding our extra expenses during the year.

The Directors.

The election of officers resulted as follows : President,

210

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 1905.

H. G. Sibbald; First Vice-President, R, H. Smith; Second
Vice-President, F. J. Milkr ; Secretary, W. Couse, of Streets-
ville; Treasurer, M. Emigh; Auditors, J. L. Byer and Jos.
Thompson; Inspector of apiaries, Wm. McEvoy, of Wood-
burn; Assistant Inspector, F. A. Gemmill; Committee to
revise report, H. G. Sibbald and Morley Pettit; Committee
on transportation, H. G. Sibbald, R. F. Holtermann and Wm.
Couse.

As the next place of meeting, Toronto was chosen.

^

Report of the Vermont Convention.

BY W. G. LARSABEE.

The 13th annual meeting of the Vermont Bee-Keepers'
Association was held in Middlebury, Jan. 12, 1905.

The meeting was called to order at lo' a. m. by Pres
♦ ram. Reports of secretary and treasurer were read and
adopted, and Pres. Cram appointed the following committees :

Resolutions— J. E. Crane, H. L. Leonard, and Mrs C
M. Rice.

Nominations— V. V. Blackmer, G. C. Spencer and P
E. Crane.

Then followed a discussion led by J. E. Crane on the
benefits derived by bees fertilizing flowers of all kinds, which
was participated in by others.

G. C. Spencer then gave a talk on how to produce honey
free from travel-stain. He thought travel-stain was caused
more by using old combs than any other way. Mr. Crane
prevented travel-stain by using a honey-board with en-
tr?nces to the supers only on the sides and ends of the hive.

W. G. Larrabee then spoke on the production of comb
versus extracted honey, as did many others. This discus-
sion brought out the fact that honey would not be poisoned
by being stored in galvanized-iron tanks.

The question box was opened by V. V. Blackmer, and
several questions asked and answered. One was, "Is it any
advantage to give bees water in the spring before they are
able to fly?" Answer, no.

It was then voted that the 3rd article of the Constitution
be amended so as to make the annual dues 25 cents instead
of 50 cents.

Reports of committees and election of officers was the
first on the programme at the afternoon session. The nomi-
nating committee nominated the old board of officers, and
they were duly elected, as follows :

President, M. F. Cram; Vice-Presidents, for Addison
Co., G. C. Spencer; for Orange, C. B. Fisk; Lamoile, E
K. Savery; Chittenden, C. M. Rice; and Rutland, V N
Forbes. Secretary, W. G. Larrabee of Shoreham ; Treasurer,
H. L. Leonard.

Mr. Leonard then read a paper on the sources of sweets
of the country, in which he gave the sources of Vermont
honey as follows, in this order from spring to fall: Poplar,
willow, soft maple, rock maple, horse plums or wild plumsi
apple and fruit blossoms, dandelions, raspberry, clover (in-
cluding alfalfa), basswood or linden, buckwheat, smartweed
and goldenrod.

Mr. Leonard also read an article from Gleanings, on
how to tell if there will be a honey-flow next year. Others
snoke on the causes of flowers secreting or not secreting
honey. Mr. Crane said that a thunderstorm would reduce
the flow of honey even if it did not come nearer than 30
miles. Prof. Seeley said that if red clover could be produced
with a tube half the length of the present one, the amount
of honey and clover seed would be increased millions of
dollars.

Mr. Forbes being absent, others spoke on his subject.
Labor-saving conveniences in the bee-yard and honey-house."
Mr. Holmes advocated the use of bee-escapes in taking off
comb honey. He also spoke on the causes of the heavy
winter loss in 1904. He thought the long, severe winter,
combi ed with other things, was the cause. Mr. Cram thought
the heavy winter loss was not caused by the severe winter,
or by the honey the bees had to consume, but by the condi-
tion of the bees themselves, and said the advantage^ of cellar-
wintering were 10 pounds less honey to the colony, less
labor to out in the cellar than to pack out-of-doors, less
spring dwindling, and more perfect wintering.

Mr. Crane said the advantages of outdoor wintering were
the opportunity to have a flight in winter, better spring pro-
tection, and earlier brood in spring.

G. W. Fassett then spoke on controlling increase.

The question-box was opened again, and this brought out

a talk about the gypsy or brown-tailed moth, and it was
thought It was not liable to be injurious to the bees or their
forage. It was also stated that more alsike clover seed was
sold by the dealers than either the red or mammoth varieties.
The question, "Will it pay to feed bees in the spring to
induce brood-rearing?" was answered by Mr. Blackmer, yes;
by others, no.

"Do bees gather more honey from white than alsike
clover?" The general opinion seemed to be that more was
gathered from alsike than from the white.

It was voted that the Executive Committee fix the time
and place of the next meeting.

The treasurer's report showed a balance of $10.55.

The Committee on Resolutions submitted the following:

Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to the
proprietor of the Addison House for favors shown.

Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to the
Rutland Railroad Company for reduced rates.

This meeting was very interesting and profitable, and
was quite well attended. W. G. Larrabee, Sec.

————— =^

X)octor Znillcr's
Question = Box

J

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Bees Storing Water-Melon Juice.

My bees had access to a great many water-melons last
fall, ,'nd I think they stored considerable of the juice. They
nov have dysentery.

1. Would the use of the melon-juice cause dysentery?

2. Can I do anything for them before warm weather?

Ohio.

Answers. — 1. Most likely.

2. A flight is their hope. Most likely there will very
shortly be a day warm enough for it. If in the cellar, take
them out the first day they will fly, and if it is still, and the
sun shining, you will find they will fly at 45° in the shade —
possibly at 40 degrees by your thermometer, for thermome-
ters vary. Then put them back in the cellar the same day or

the next.

< . »

Putting Bees Out Early— Largest Average Yield-
Prevention of Swarming.

1. I often see it stated that bees should not be brought
out of the cellar too early in the spring. In what way
would it be any more injurious to them to do so than to the
ones that are out all winter?

.2. What is the largest authentically-recorded yield of
honey from one colony of bees in one day, and also for one
season?

3. How was the colony manipulated in the above in-
stance ?

4. Would it be too personal a question to ask what your
average and also your largest (colony) yield was for 1904?

5. When you secured 300 pounds of comb honey from
one colony how did you manipulate it, and how long was the
flow on, or, rather, how many days were the bees engaged
in gathering it ? Was it all from one hive, or from one colony
and its increase?

6. On page 186 of "Forty Years Among the Bees" is a
plan to prevent swarming, called the "foundation plan." On
page 188 you say that the plan worked well for the first
two years, but not so well in 1902. Would you mind stating
how it worked during the seasons of 1903 and 1904?

7. I keep from 10 to 15 colonies, but never get much
honey — from less than nothing to about 30 pounds. I have
the records of my wonderful "manipulations" of some of the
colonies from June 1, 1903, to the present date. I would
be "leased to send some of them to you if you think they
might be of benefit as a warning how not to do it, and to
show me when I made blunders. Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. I don't know that I can give an entirely
satisfactory answer. Experience has shown that bees taken

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

211

out of the cell in February or March, before flying weather
has come to stay, do not do as well as when brought out
later, unless they are taken back immediately after taking a
flight, and upon this last opinions are not yet unanimous.
You want to know why a colony brought out too early isn't
just as well off as if it had been out all winter. Possibly it
is as well ofif, if protected the same way. But when brrn.tght
out of the cellar there is generally no protection given such
as is given to those left out all winter.

2. I can speak only from memory. I think G. M. Doo-
little had 20 pounds in one day, and a Texas bee-keeper from
whom nothing has been heard of late years, claimed l.noo
pounds in one season from a colony and its swarms.

3. I don't know, but I don't remember that anything
was credited to special manipulation. Perhaps Mr. Doolittle
will enlighten us — although I doubt that manipulation would
have much to do with the gathering of one day, beyond man-
ipulation to get the right number of bees of the right sort
at the right time. But there's a big lot in that. There is
just a little room for suspicion in the Texas case, with no
intention to deceive, that some other swarm may have
clandestinely united to swell the product of that one colony.

4. The average yield in 1904 was about 60 pounds of
section honey per colony. The best colony gave 153 pounds
(165 sections). It was nothing like so good a year as 1903.

5. The largest yield I ever had from one colony was
not 300 pounds but 300 sections, about 279 pounds. The
manipulation recorded is as follows : June 22, eggs in queen-
cells destroyed ; July 1, queen-cells destroyed, two frames of
brood were taken away and two empty combs exchanged
for them ; July 9, queen-cells destroyed ; Aug. 4, destroyed
1 queen-cell; April 23 the hive was opened to see if the
queen was clipped (she was of the previous year) ; May 12
to see how the colony was doing (it then had more or less
brood in 4 frames) ; and it was opened at least three other
times to see if queen-cells were present, but none were found.
I don't know how many days the bees were gathering, but I
think most of the time from early in June till first week
in September. The 300 sections were the yield of one colony ;
it had no increase. The yield might have been more if the
two frames of brood had not been taken away — and it might
have been less.

6. It was not used enough to tell.

7. Send 'em along. We often learn more by failures
than successes.

♦-•-*-

Makine Sugar Candy-Dry and Liquid Substances at
Hive-Entrances.

1. On page 86 Mr. Dadant advises feeding sugar candy
in the cellar. I should like to know how to make this candy,
and other candies for feeding.

2. There is a whitish liquid running out of some of the
hives in my cellar, and others have a dry substance like fine
sawdust in front of the entrance. The hives from which the
liquid comes seem to be wet and nasty inside. What is the
cause of this? They have plenty of stores. Iow.\.

Answers. — 1. Don't any of the girls or women in >our
neighborhood make candy? If they do, just get them to make
you some plain candy. Take best granulated sugar and about
one-fourth as much water, stir the sugar into the boiling
water, keeping it on the stove. The greatest care must be
taken not to burn it, for burnt sugar is death to bees in win-
ter. Keep trying it, and when a little dropped in a saiicer
grains, take it quickly off the stove, stirring it, and pour it into
dishes slightly greased.

2. "The sawdust-looking material is the gnawings I'rom
the cappings and other debris, and indicates nothing wr ng.
The liquid is the moisture from the vapors condensing in the
hive. Your cellar may be too cold, and hive-entrances hardly
large enough.

Queens Reared in ttie Soutti— Serradella-
Hives— Supply Dealers' Trust.

■Maklni'

1. Will queens reared in the South be as hardy f r a
northern climate?

2. Do you know anything about the honey-plant called
Serradella? The seed catalogs recommend it highly.

3. Most of the long-tongued queens advertised are sp'ken
of as leather-colored. Are not the golden Italians as '.o■.^g-
tongued as any?

4. I have 17 colonies now, and expect to have 50 colonies

this time next year. I rhake my own hives. On page 100
the editor rather discourages this, but I make just as good a
hive as can be bought for my purpose. You gave me a pointer
on those cleats on the end. That was where the hives were
weak, as they would warp in wet weather.

Whatever the Editor says about it, I do think there is
a trust to raise prices. If not why is foundation higher this
year? Wax is the same price. Indiana.

Answers, — 1. Theoretically, no ; practically, yes. A strain
of bees continued for a long series of years in a warm climate
would hardly be expected to be as rugged as one continued
for the same length of time in a severe climate ; but with the
constant exchange from one part to the other there is likely
to be no appreciable difference. If there is any Italian blood
in them, they can not have been in the South more than half
a century at rrtost, and in that time they would hardly have
changed much in characteristics.

2. I have seen mention in foreign journals of serradella,
or serradilla (Ornithopus sativus), but know nothing about it.

3. There is much variation in golden Italians, and you
will probably find some with longer tongues than others, and
the same with the leather-colored.

4. The Editor is without doubt correct in saying it is
better to buy one's hives than to make them. That's the
truth for 9 out of 10, if not 99 out of 100. If you find it is
better for you to make them, you ought by all means to do
so, but you're the exception to the rule.

For anything I know the price of foundation is more
than it should be, but because wax is no higher it does not
necessarily follow that foundation should remain the same.
Part of the cost of foundation is in the labor, and labor is
higher than it was. If you are so situated that you can make
hives cheaper than you can buy, it is possible that you could
profitably make your own foundation, either with a mill or
with the Rietsche press.

*-•-»

Cellar Wintering— Danzenbaker Hives— Introducing
Queens.

1. I have always wintered bees outdoors, our cellar be-
ing too damp for them, but I lost so many last winter that
I thought I would try cellar-wintering. About two weeks
before it was time to put them away for winter I moved
them a quarter of a mile where I put them into a neighbor's
cellar with his bees. I expect to give them a flight in three
or four weeks. Should they be put in the same place I had
them before I put them into the cellar?

2. When I put them out for good would it be better to
close up the entrance and bring them home, putting them
on the summer stands, or leave them up there for a few days
and then bring them home?

3. What is tlie best way to get them out of the cellar?
This cellar is partitioned off for the bees, making it necessary
to pass through two doors and up .some steps.

4. Doesn't Doolittle give his bees a midwinter flight?

5. I introduced a fine-looking select-tested Italian queen
to a colony before swarming, following the rules on the card
attached to the cage. About a week later I overhauled the
hives to find the queen doing fine work, but there were
several capped queen-cells, which I destroyed. About a
week later I noticed a number of bees in front of the
entrance to that hive, and upon investigating I found the
queen dead among them. I found a hatched queen-cell in
the hive, and other capped queen-cells. I let them alone, ex-
pecting them to swarm, but they did not. In another week
I again examined the hive and found the other cells all
cut out, but this queen not yet fertilized. After that I looked
several times for the queen, but could not find her. Nor was
she fertilized. After spending hours looking, for her (I gave
the colony brood and eggs every now and then, but no cells
were started), I tried different ways of introducing queens,
but they killed every one of them. At last I put a light
colony with a good queen (it being fall now) on top of this
hive with a paper between them. They all went down into
the hive and united nicely. But what was the matter with
the colony? It meant the loss of about 50 pounds of comb
honey.

6. I notice you don't think much of the Danzenbaker
hive. I tried a few of them last summer, and I like them very
well. I think I will get all of that kind. What is it that you
don't like about them? Is it the changing from one hive to
another ?

7. Do you introduce all your queens now by the "drown-
ing" plan? I haven't heard much of it lately. I l-'d pretty

212

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16 190S.

good luck by daubing the queen with honey, the bees accepting
the queen nearly every time I used the plan.

I would like to have you visit me next summer. I am
sure you would enjoy it. Michigan.

Answers. — 1. It will probably make very little differ-
ence. If they flew very little during that two weeks after
being moved, it may make no difference. If they flew much,
some of the bees will be likely to want to go to their old stands.
Even that will not be likely to do any harm, for they will
be kindly received, and what are lost to one colony will be
gained by the other.

2. Set them out and let them have a flight; then bring
them home as soon as convenient afterward.

3. There are steps to my cellar, and a man just picks
them up and carries them out.

4. I don't think he does. Not manv do, and one of the
thmgs now under discussion is whether it is best or not

5. Hard to tell. It is possible that the young queen was
still present, up to the time of uniting the two colonies, and
wnile they would accept no queen alone, they preferred the
Jaymg queen when it came with another colony

6 The difficulty of changing is not the reason I don't
use the Danzenbaker hive. If I were now using Danzenbaker
hives entirely, I think I would be to the expense of chang-
ing to the dovetailed. The difficulty of handling closed-end
frames without killing bees, is a serious objection but I
might stand that rather than to buy all new hives A more
t'.meT'as i^^i'^h" V^""' ''" t™/^.-y«. I Aink a hundred
TZ'Je^ TU ^fZ '' /^/""'^ '"'° ^^^*'°"= as with the
dovetailed. The c osed-end frames must be warmer, I" think

easil^'a ' Mm. '/ ^°" "" "^"l?'^ Danzenbaker frames a
easily as Miller frames, especially as they grow older and
If you have no trouble with pollen in sections, the Danzen

^no/f*"'^/' ? ^^""^ l^'"S ^°' y°"- The manufacturers are
good friends of mine, but I can not believe they are doin^ a

fo highly.'^ °" bee-keepers by praising the Danzenbake? hive

h».o'^' "^7^°"' '^''°'^" 'J"'"'' although I said I did. That was
because I was not sufficiently acquainted with the Eno-lish
language. I on y hold them under water for a short time
?W°"^i, ^r,''™" '■" *'^^y appear entirely dead Ted
that method last year with a good manv, and it's safer than
putting in an uncaged queen without " the wettin" but in
many cases not so safe as caging. wenm,, but in

accejt. *''''"'' ^°" ^°' ^°"'" ^'"'^ invitation, but can hardly

Cutting Foundation-Placing Hives in the Cellar-
Increase and Rearing Queens.

I took advantage of the club offer when renewing mv

Sv of 'Tortv V.' ""T"''" B« Journal to also ^btfin a
copy ot 1-orty Years Among the Bees," which I have read

Tlr^\riLTt -""'T •?' '"^^ ""■"ber classed as '.'
vThch l^Lll Ih T^'f ! '=°'°'^'" '" *'^^ house-cellar with
wliich 1 have had about 5 years' experience (the number of

^^n/""^'"^ ^"■°'" ' '° ^5)' I ^^■'' take the "liberty ?o
comment upon some parts of the valuable book •

li^-i ,/" directions for cutting foundation (pages 142-

144) would not the board mentioned, with its guides work
much better ,f those guides for cutting were efch r^'ade of
anowTthe^'fre" "''' J-t space enough between Zm?o
rn?Z u i ?" passage of a 2-mch roller knife, which
could be dipped into heated water between cuts? The space

Itc uno^fh'/' °H '%''^ "^"'^^ '^•^'"^ ^'^ '"=■'«' 6H inches,
etc upon the guide frame; strips 5^-inch wide bein<^ used

Th^'kn'if/'^'"' /°' /""!"« '^' '^-'"-^h bottom st°arters
The kmfe is made of a thin steel disk, having a small hole

handle pTss"'."""'"' "'"'^ "" "''' '^°'ding^he crotch°ed
/'• ^" Fis. 109, page 301, I found a free advertisement
m Javor of Montgomery Ward & Co., for which I hope you
rece.ved a nice donation. If you have not you should ^

3. In placing the hives in the cellar I think it' a verv
good plan to have the hive-bodies pitch forward to such an

w1ir';un't?'/v,'"^rfr 1^-=^* -"'y =°"''™^^ on the "over"
w run to the end of the hive instead of dripping on the
cluster, as it would if the hive stood level

.r.jt' K V°" *'?'"'' '' ^o"''' he profitable for me to in-
crease by the method mentioned by you on page 260?

5. Would the field force of No. 4, as in plan given page
360, rear a good queen from young brood if I did not have
a queen or cell to give them, when the made colony is placed
where No. 4 was. No. 4 removed to a new stand, as per

second part of plan given? I am interested in farming as
well as bee-keeping, so when the bees need the most atten-
tion the farm requires most of my time, hence one of them
must suffer. New York.

Answers. — 1. Not having tried it, I cannot say how-
it would work.

2. I made the mistake of not contracting beforehand
that I was to receive a stipulated amount if that box should
be allowed in the picture. I'll know better next time.

3. I'm a little surprised to find that the hives don't
pitch forward in the book. They do in the cellar. Wait a
minute, and I'll go down cellar and see how much * * *
I find the hive at the back end is from 1 to 2 inches higher
than at the front. I'm not sure there's any great advantage
in it. Certainly the slant is not enough to make the drip
run to the front. Wouldn't it need 6 inches or more for that?
and so much slant would hardly be desirable. Besides. I
doubt that water often settles on the cover in my cellar.

4. It's largely a matter of convenience. If convenient
for you to use the plan, I think you'll like it and find it
successful.

5. No, or at least I wouldn't be satisfied with queens
reared in that way. So much depends upon the queen that
the best is none too good. You would be trusting to field-
bees to start cells, and nurse-bees are the right ones for that
purpose. If you want the bees to rear their own queen, you
might combine the two ways ; first set your brood over No. 4
over an excluder for an hour or so; and then set in place of
No. 4, and you would have young bees enough. But there
might, in that case, be some danger of swarming at the
maturing of the first young queen.

Streaks and Scum in Granulated Honey.

Last fall, when extracted honey in tanks began to granu-
late, I run some into paper oyster pails. When it became
thoroughly candied in the paper pails, it had a white scum-
like gum on top, and also white streaks running irregularly
through the honey, so that it had a mottled appearance, when
cut through. When winter set in I melted some of the same
honey in the tanks, and run it into paper pails. When the
honey in these latter pails were fully candied again it was all
one solid color — no streaks running through it, and no light
shades on top or on the sides.

How can I prevent these light streaks and scunirlike
coverings, without re-melting before running into the paper
pails?

What would be the effect of running into the paper pails
as soon as the honey is cleansed, after extracting?

Michigan.

Answer. — I cannot speak with authority, but I'll say
how it looks to me, and if I am astray I hope some of the
good brethren with experience will straighten me out. I
suspect that the streaked effect might be caused by different
kinds of honey settling in different strata in the tank. It
might also be caused by air-bubbles being caught in the partly-
granulated honey. When the honey was melted, the air-
bubbles could escape. It is quite possible that if the honey
was run directly into the pails as soon as cleared it would

be all right.

*-•-*-

Winter Hive-Entrance— Afterswarms-Alsike Clover-
Piping of Queen— Alley Traps.

1. I winter my bees on the summer stands, having them
in winter-cases with inch and a half sawdust between walls
of the winter-cases and the hives. I allow an entrance of
only 2 inches by .J4- Is this too small?

2. As to afterswarms, I have all queens clipped ; hive
the swarm on the parent colony's stand, removing the parent
colony to a distance. Parent colony still insists on sending
out an afterswarm. Would it be better to destroy all queen-
cells in the parent colony as soon as the young queen is
heard piping, so as to be certain of allowing «o afterswarm?

3. Can virgin or unfertile queens pass through queen
excluding zinc?

4. Would 70 or 80 acres of alsike clover planted on the
farm where the apiary of 50 colonies is located make any
appreciable increase in the average of surplus honey stored
by the bees ?

5. What should I consider a fair yearly average for 50
colonies in this State?

6. Colony A swarms. Will a young queen be always
heard piping in about 7 days thereafter?

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

213

(a) Will a colony ever swarm without the young queen's
piping being heard 7 days after?

(b) Will a colony that has swarmed once send out an
afterswarni if the young queen is not heard piping in 7 days?

(c) Finally, is a young queen's piping a certain sign of
the intention of the colony's sending out an afterswarm, and
the not hearing her piping a sure sign that no afterswarm
is to be sent out?

7. What is the use or purpose of the bee-space now put
behind the Alley queen and drone trap? Is it not just as
good, for all practical purposes, without such bee-space ?

'Virginia.

Answers. — 1. It is probably large enough, although I
don't know how cold it is with you. If your bees are located
so that there is no chance for cold wind to blow into the
entrance, it is possible that a larger entrance might be better.

2. Destroying all cells after queen is heard piping ought
to make a sure thing of it, unless it might be possible you
had waited till the bees were just on the point of swarming
when you cut out the cells, and would swarm without finding
out that no cells were left. I don't know whether such a
thing could happen or not. But hold on : 'fess up, now,
didn't you move the old hive to a new location at the time
of hiving the prime swarm? If you did. no wonder you liad
a second swarm. That's not the way. Hive the prime swarm
on the old stand, and put the old hive close beside it ; then
move the old hive to a new stand a week later. You see, if
you move the old hive to a new stand right away, so many
young bees will hatch out by the time the young queen
emerges that the colony will be strong enough to swarm.
But if you put it close beside the old stand, and then move
it a week later, all the field-bees will, on their return from
the field, go to the old stand and join the swarm. That will
greatly weaken the stump, or mother colony, and it will
hardly feel it can afford to send out another swarm. Still
further, the field-bees going to the old stand, there will be
no honey coming in from the field, making them think,
"Well, as the honey-flow has stopped entirely, we most cer-
tainly would starve if we should attempt to set up house-
keeping in an empty hive : so let's not swarm."

3. A laying queen looks much larger than a virgin, but
it's the abdomen that's larger not the thorax. It's not the
abdomen, but the thorax that prevents a queen going through
the zinc, and I think the thorax of a laying queen i? no
larger than it was when she was a virgin; so she ouglit to
go through no more easily one time than another. But a
virgin queen probably makes a more vigorous effort to go
through, so she might go through an aperture through which
she would not force herself after she settled down as a laying
queen.

4. That depends. If the bees had all they could do on
basswood or some other heavy yielder, the alsike would make
no appreciable difference. If they had nothing or very little
else, the alsike would make not only an appreciable, but a
very big difference. I should suppose SO acres would give
.JO colonies more than they could possibly do.

5. I don't know. Possibly 1,500 pounds.

6. I wouldn't like to be too positive about it. but I
think the young queen always pipes before she is many
hours out of the cell ; usually about eight days after the
issuing of the prime swarm, although it may be 2 or 3 days
sooner than that time, and possibly several days later.

(a) If you mean a second swarm, I think the queen will
always pipe before swarming, perhaps not often as soon as
7 days.

(h) I don't believe it will send out an afterswarm till
after the piping; but, as before intimated, the 7 days i^ not
right.

(c) Please allow me to answer the .spirit rathor than
the letter of your question. You may rely with much con-
fidence upon the noises made by young queens in deciding
whether an afterswarm will issue or not. Eight days after
a prime swarm has issued, place your ear against the M'le of
the hive in the evening when all is still, and if swarming
is planned for the next day you will hear a young rjueen
piping and one or several yet in their cells quahking. The
quahking is not so shrill as the piping, and seems more hur-
ried. If you hear both the piping and quahking yov may
confidently expect an afterswarm, generally as soon ;i~ the
next day. If you do not hear it, you may as confident!' say,
:'No swarming to-morrow." In most cases you may ■ 'ttle
it one way or the other by listening that one evening. But,
as before intimated, there may be a variation in time, 1 . the
weather has been wet and cold, the prime swarm may have
been delayed in its time of issuing, making the time tni the
issuing of the second swarm just that much less. Or. the

time may be longer, and it may be worth while to listen
on the evening of the 9th day or later. But you needn't
listen any later than the evening of the 15th day. As said
before, I think the young queen pipes in all cases, swarm or
no swariu, but there must be both piping and quahking to
make you expect a swarm, and if there is to be no swarm
the piping will be neither so loud nor so long continued, and
you will not likely hear it at all.

7. I don't know. I haven't seen traps made very lately.
Perhaps Mr. Alley will tell us.

Bees Under the Snow-Feeding Bees-Candled Sections.

1. My colonies are buried under the snow. Will they
smother? I have planer shavings on top to let the air
through.

2. What is the 'pest way to make candy for bees, and
how would you feed it?

3. Which is the best feeder to use in feeding either
honey or sugar syrup, so that the bees will not be disturbed
very much?

4. I have some honey that is a little sour. Will it injure
the bees if I feed it to them in the spring?

5. I have some sections filled with candied honey. Would
it be well to melt them, feeding the honey to the bees and
saving the wax? Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. Enough air works in through the snow so
there's no danger of smothering. But look out not to let
the entrance become filled with damp snow and then freeze
solid.

2. Just the same as your women-folks make it. Stir the
sugar into a very little water in a vessel on the stove, and
when a little dropped into cold water is brittle it is done. Lay
the cake of candy over the frames and cover up warm,

3. The Miller feeder, the Doolittle frame feeder, or the
Boardman entrance feeder can be used with very little dis-
turbance.

4. Not after they are flying every day or so.

5. There is probably no better way. The honey will also
be good for table use

=\

-V (£ontributcb -f
J) Special Clrttclcs

Producing Comb Honey With and Without
Separators.

BY M. A. GILI..

I see the question, "Can marketable honey be produced
without separators?" has been passed upon by the Board of
experts, on page 20. When I look over the list of names
and see the decided opinions where the answe'r is "No,"
I am reminded of the case where a prisoner in jail had sent
for his attorney who, after viewing the case, said, "Why,
they can't put you in jail!" Whereupon his client answered,
"But I am in here !"

Is it possible that these experts are not aware of the
tons upon tons, and carload after carload of honey that
goes to market every year tliat has never seen a separator?
Is it possible, too, that they arc not aware that there are
a number of markets that prefer this kind of honey to the
most perfect separatored honey that was ever produced? Why
is this so? It is because honey is sold by weight there in-
stead of upon its merits.

Not all markets are alike, however, as some job-
bers prefer, and their market demands and appreciates, a
nice, straight article, weighing from 21 to 22 pounds per
case of 24 sections, which is all that a carload can possibly
weigh, as an average, where the honey is produced with a
full set of separators.

When sections were first invented they were made in-
tending to hold one pound of honey, and they met the re-
nuirement very well, weighing from 15 to 17 ounces. Soon
after separators were adopted, using the same sections, cut-
ting off one-half of a bee-space, the weight dropped to from
]4 to 16 ounces, much to the detriment of nice, straight sepa-

214

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL*

March 16, 1905.

ratored honey, when sold in markets where they care nothing
for quahty but are stricter on the matter of weight.

I have in mind a carload of honey that went east within
the past three years, to a large wholesale dealer and jobber.
In the car were a few hundred cases of almost perfect honey,
fit for exhibition purposes, and weighing from 31 to 23 pounds
net, average per case. The balance of the car was made up
of unseparatored honey, many sections being so bulged and
pussy that they would vary from 12 to 30 ounces, but, as a
whole, would weigh from 22 to 25 pounds net, per case ;
but it was almost impossible to take a section from the case
without breaking the cappings.

When loading the car I thought how I wish it was all
like the first, then I knew my fastidious buyer would be
pleased. But imagine my chagrin when the buyer drew on
me for damage on the first-mentioned honey, and has never
ceased to sing the praises of the bulged and pussy stuff,
saying it brought him from 25 to 50 cents per case more
than the "light honey," as he called it. This honey was sold
to the jobber by the case.

Now, most writers, and some editors, teach that he did
right — that comb honey should always be sold by weight,
claiming their conscience bothers them if they know a cus-
tomer gets an ounce more or less than actual weight. Right
here I want to plead guilty that my conscience is not so
tender, and that I believe in paying a premium for quality.
Hence I buy my oatmeal by the package, and my pills for
their quality instead of how many there are in a box.

And if I have two cases of honey, one weighing 22
pounds net, and it is perfect, and the sections can be handled
like a child's toy blocks ; and another weighing 25 pounds
net, but is bulged and cannot be handled without causing
it to leak, I claim that right to offset quantity with quality.
And if you are not going to allow us this privilege,
won't you please have the manufacturers make a little differ-
ence in the size of the sections so that each will have a fair
chance ?

Tell the board of experts, who say marketable honey
cannot be produced without separators, that it is produced
and sold by the carload, and even preferred (in some mar-
kets) to the finest separatored honey they can show up.

These conditions will exist so long as both use the
same size section-box, and so long as honey is doled out by
the ounce and no premium paid for quality.

We can only deal with these conditions as they exist,
and the facts are simply this, that there are 24 (so-called)
one-pound sections in a case, and people have been taught to
expect (approximately) 24 pounds of honey. Without sepa-
rators, they can get it, but with separators 22 pounds net is a
high standard of excellence for a carload of 30,000 pounds of
No. 1, and 20 pounds net for No. 2.

Then why not adopt a universal standard of weight
and excellence? It would surely increase the sale of honey,
because dealers would push the sale of it.

I have known many dealers (retailers) who abandoned
the handling of comb honey, because of its mussiness, for
it would daub up the counter and everything near it. Still,
it had the one merit of being heavy honey. Juggle with
these conditions as much as you please, and the fact will
remain that 23 pounds of nice, separatored honey is truly
worth more than 24 pounds, or even 35 pounds, of bulged
and leaky stuff — and yet the "stuff" brings the most money.
For years I have been producing both kinds, and care-
fully watching the market demands, and I must confess I
hardly know now which to adopt, whether to use all sepa-
rators and produce the lighter but more fancy honey, or
throw away all separators and produce all heavy honey.

I find the extreme East and Northern markets prefer
quality to quantity, while the more Southern and Western
markets prefer quantity to quality. I have come to these
conclusions after handling from two to five carloads per
year for the past five vears. Boulder Co., Colo.

#

Species and Races of the Honey-Bee—
Other Matters.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

One of our most prolific writers, in scientific entomology,
is Dr. William H. Ashmead, of the United States National
Museum. He has been one of the leaders in systematic work
in the Order (Hymenoptera) which includes our bees. This
gives his opinion great weight in this Order, and so we are
greatly interested in his revision of the genus of the honey-

bee. In Volume 6, No. 3, of the Procedings of the Washing-
ton Entomological Society, published in May, 1904, he gives
his views of this group, which must interest all who care for
bees or give study to these interesting insects.

Dr. Ashmead divides the old Linna'an genus Apis into 2
genera: Apis and Megapis. This latter is a new genus, and
IS appropriately named, as the prefix means "large." The
form and position of the eyes and ocelli and the wing struc-
ture, give warrant to this change, in the opinion of Dr.
Ashmead. On page 46 of the latest edition of my Bee-Keepr
er's Guide, (1904 edition), the reader will find the species
and races described.

Two species are included in this newly-founded genus.
One is the much discussed "dorsata," which we will now
know as "Megapis dorsata," instead of "Apis dorsata," the
name which we have used to designate it in the past. This
species is found on the islands off Asia from Ceylon, where,
as we know, Mr. Benton found it, to our own lately acquired
possessions, the Philippines. The bees are very large, black,
with yellow bands crossing the abdomen. In some cases
nearly the entire abdomen is said to be orange-yellow. The
other is Megapis zonata, also found in the Philippines, an'd
in some other islands. These are blacker than are the others,
but not as large. The first two segments of the abdomen are
lined with whitish.

_ In the genus Apis, Mr. Ashmead places Apis mellifera,
which, as we know, has been carried to all parts of the world.
I suppose it originated in Asia ; Apis cerana, of China and
Japan; Apis nigrocincta of China, Malay Peninsula, the
Philinpines and India ; Apis Indica, of India ; Apis nigri-
tarum, of Africa ; Apis unicolor of Madagascar, and Apis
florea of India. Dr. Ashmead suggests that the last should
nally be separated, and though while he gives it as be-
longing to the genus Apis, he suggests that it be removed
to a new genus and suggests the very appropriate name of
Micrapis. While the changing of names and the undue in-
crease of names in describing and writing of plants and ani-
mals, is not to be encouraged, yet I believe that these changes
of Dr. Ashmead are warranted, and that we may well use
these new names in our future references.

GOVERNMENT AID TO APICULTURE.

I read with much interest Mr. Benton's address at the
St. Louis Convention. I think it was correct for the most
part, though in one or two points I know the truth to be a
little different. The Late Dr. Edwin Willets thought that
the Department of Agriculture should do more for bee-keep-
ers. As Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, he sent Dr. Riley
to visit me to confer as to aid that might be given. I sug-
gested that experiments in growing honey-plants exclusively
for honey, and the importing of foreign bees, were hopeful
lines for research. I also urged strongly that Mr. Benton be
secured to do the latter. I urged that his experience would
specially fit him for this work. He was then in Europe and
I suggested that the work could be cheaply done. There was
an attempt to carry out both of these suggestions. Mr. Ren-
ton was engaged, but Dr. Willets wrote me they found that
they could not send a man abroad. Lately a more wise and
liberal construction, or better laws have been framed, so that
now we have men sent to all parts of the world to get bet-
ter plants and animals, if they are to be found.

I stated that I did not believe that it would pay to plant
especially for honey, but that much of it was being done,
and that careful experimentation could alone determine. It
would pay to settle the matter once for all. I commenced
the work, carefully prosecuted it on an extensive scale, and
I think settled the matter, thus doing what was proposed.
This work was carried on by me aside from my regular
college work which was severe besides, and was done by
me entirely as a labor of love, as I never received one cent
for doing it. I found I was unable to do more, and thus
refused further work.

APIARIAN EXPERIMENTS NEEDED.

I am glad that the Department has concluded to take up
the work again. Surely the matter of bee-keeping is import-
ant enough more than to warrant research along lines that can
not well be carried on by the practical man. I believe the
two lines that should receive attention are these: Importa-
tion of new races and species, and the improvement of those
that we have ; and the study and prevention of diseases that
destroy our bees. The first promises much. We have made
wonderful advance in improving other races of our donies.-
ticated animals, and our plants as well. It is said that the
corn has been bred up in Illinois so as to make it produce
ten more bushels to the acre. Who knows but what our

March 16, 19CS.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

215

bees could be improved so as to produce ten more pounds
to the colony? Surely a Burbank hold of this matter might
give us results that would startle the world. I certainly am
in favor of the utmost along these lines, and believe that
we all ought to work to have the very best research carried
on to a finish.

A VERY HOPEFUL OUTLOOK IN CALIFORNIA.

It is unncessary to say that the matter of rain, in Southern
California is all-important. With it we have great crops,
and phenomenal production of honey. We have been having
great rains, not only timely, but they have come so slowly
that every drop has been saved to the soil. We now have
about eleven inches — as much as we had in all the season
last year. At this time last year we had less than one inch.
Thus we see that our prospects for this season are very
flattering. We shall be very sure of not only a good crop
of honey, but we shall probably have a very prosperous year
all along the line. In all the eleven years of my sojourn
here, we have never had so bright an outlook as we have to-
day.

HONEY PRODUCT FOR CALIFORNIA.

Mr. C. O. Wilder, of Vermont, asks, "What would be the
money value of the honey from 50 colonies of bees in San
Diego Co., Calif., and in what seasons in that section are
the bees active, and when idle?" I think we can count on
an average of 75 pounds per colony. Some years the yield
is very much more, but in others, like the one just past, the
bees get no honey at all. It all depends on the rainfall. This
winter we are getting fine rains, and the bee-keepers may
rejoice in the glad prospect of a maximum crop the coming
season. April, May and June are the honey months of
Southern California, though the bees may gather in every
month of the year.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT CALIFORNIA.

Mr. F. P. Briggs, of Massachusetts, "Missouri," and sev-
eral Others, ask for more information concerning California.
Work here is begging for good workers. I do not believe
ihat such need fear. Pay is better for orchard work than
in the East. I do not think the cost of living here is more
than in the East. I find it as cheap to live here as it was
at Lansing, Mich. Chickens do well here, and there is no
danger of overdoing this work. The Chinese raise the most
of the vegetables, but I pity an American that would suffer
from such competition. The schools are of the very best.
Here, as elsewhere, all depends upon the man. The good
man finds work, and success ; the indifferent one lags in both.

HONEY OR SUGAR SYRUP FOR BEES.

Mr. O. A. Stewart, of this State, asks if sugar syrup is
a good and sufficient food for bees. Yes, it is certainly as
good as honey. Of course neither is enough. The bees, when
breeding, must have proteids, which they do not get in either
honey or sugar syrup. This is furnished by the bee-bread or
pollen. There is a trace of this in the honey, but practically
none — none to speak of. We have proved it over and over
that sugar syrup is very excellent for a winter food for l)ees.
Mr. Heddon used to argue that it was better than honey, as
it was entirely free from proteids, and so bees could not
breed and were better with the less activity. I should fear
neither good honey nor good sugar syrup.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., Feb. S.

#

The Average Length of Bee-Life.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Picking up a mislaid letter, bearing the date of Septem-
ber 3, 1904, I find the following in it:

"About the 20th of last June I made a colony of bees by
setting the combs and most of the bees that were on them,
out from the old hive into a new one, leaving one comb con-
taining brood in the old hive, and filling it out with empty
combs. The bees seemed to work well from both hives.
July 10th I was called from home, and did not return till
August 22. On my return I went out to see the bee^. I
found those in the new hive all right; but those in the
old hive were nearly all gone, only about 100 or 200 being
left. What do you think was the trouble? Why did these
bees leave the hive, while the others staid all right? PIcTse
answer through the columns of the American Bee Journal."

This letter should have been answered sooner, but got
covered up with other matter in the rush of work which is
generally at its height during the time of getting honey I

ready for market, I have answered the letter to-day, pri-
vately, telling why the delay; but in thinking the matter
over I have concluded to say a few words further regarding
it, as it seems that there is much ignorance along the line
of the length of life of bees, from the many letters I get
which show a lack of knowledge regarding their average life ;
and this life has much to do with the successful making of
swarms, or increase of colonies by any of the plans made
known, outside of natural swarming. And with natural
swarming, it is well to be fully posted in this matter, else
we may lose the old colony by its failing to rear a queen
from the queen-cells left, from some cause or other.

It seems strange to me that any one should be ignorant
on this subject when one experiment will tell the truth in the
matter, and convince the most skeptical that the average life
of the worker-bee is about 45 days during the working sea-
son. Take a colony of black or German bees, for instance,
and about June 10 take the queen away and introduce an
Italian queen, keeping record of the date on which the change
is made. In 21 days the last black bee will have emerged
from its cell ; and if the Italian queen went to laying im-
mediately, the first Italian bee will have made its appearance,
which fact should be jotted down also.

At the end of 45 days from the time the last black bee
came out of its cell, no black bees will be found in that colony.
At 40 days many will be seen, but they grow less and less
each 'day, so that on the 44th day it will be very few indeed
that will be left. From this, the questioner and the reader
will see why there were only a few bees in the hive of the
questioner when he returned home, if we take it for granted
(which was undoubtedly the fact) that the bees in the old
hive failed to get a laying queen from the frame of brood
which was left with themi Having thus failed, the last bee
in this frame of brood would have emerged 21 days later,
or on July 11, and 45 days from that time would have been
August 25, so that there would have been only three days of
the bees from that frame of brood left, on the return of the
questioner. And if there were from 100 to 200 bees left on
August 22, they certainly held out well.

This length of life of the bees of which we have just
been talking about is for the summer months, and does not
apply at all for those of the fall, winter or spring. The
life of the bee seems to depend on the work it does, or on
its activity. Thus when it labors the most, its life is the
shortest. Hence it comes about that, through the inactivity
brought on by the advent of cool and cold weather, the in-
dividual bee can live from six to eight months. This is
proven by changing the queen as before, only it is to be done
this time about the middle of September, in this locality.
Soon after the first of October the last black bee will be out
of its cell ; but I have often found black bees in such colonies
on the first of June of the next year, and in one instance,
there were a few still remaining on the first of July; but that
year the bees were kept in their hives on account of bad
weather very much of the time previous to this. Also, when
spring opens there will be but a few Italian bees in the
colony so treated, which shows that very little brood is reared
from October till April, where the bees are wintered in the
cellar ; as well as to tell us that more bees die in two months
in the spring than during five or six months of winter.

The life of the drone is regulated very largely by the
workers, for they are usually driven off or killed by the
workers long before they would die of old age. Any sudden
cessation in the flow of honey from the fields is often suffi-
cient reason for their being driven out to die, or the killing
of them by stinging, if they are persistent in staying in the
hive; so it is hard to tell just what age they might attain to,
were they allowed to live to the age allotted to them, without
persecution. Most apiarists think that they would live about
the same length of time the workers do; but I am of the
opinion that they are a little shorter-lived. It is a rare thing
that any drones are allowed to stay in the hive after the honey
harvest is over for the year; still, I have a few reports of
drones which have wintered over, and I have known of a few
doing so, and that in a colony having a fairly good queen.
But the hive was crowded to its utmost with honey durmg
the fall. Where I have tried to keep drones in a queenless
colony to preserve them, they would all be gone at the end
of about 40 to 42 days.

The average life of queens, as I find it in my apiaries,
where a colony is allowed to stay in a normal condition, is
about three years, although I have had one or two live nearly
six years, and several four and a half to five years. They
live also in proportion to the work they do, or, more properly
speaking, in accordance with the number of eggs they lay.

216

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 190S.

as egg-laying is the only work they do. Under the present
system of management the queen is often coaxed to lay as
many eggs in two years as she usually would in three if in
a tree or box-hive ; hence most apiarists think that all queens
should be replaced after the second year, with those which
have just commenced to lay. However, I do not make this a
practice : for I find that, as a rule, the bees will supersede
their own queen when she gets to be too old to be of service
to them ; so I trust the matter to them, believing they are
less liable to mistakes along this line than I am.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Rendering Old Combs Into Beeswax.

BY C. P. DADANT.

Mr. DadanT; — I read in your instructions on rendering combs tliat
tliey should be soaked' in a tub of water before rendering. Shall we set
them up straight in the tub or lay them flat? They seem to soak water
best when set up. — A Reader.

The old combs, such as are generally taken from very
old colonies, contain more than nine-tenths dirt and cocoons.
It is therefore of the gjeatest importance to put them, in
such condition that the wax will not soak into the residue,
since there would be hardly enough of it fairly to moisten the
dirt. That is why so many people think that there is no
longer any beeswax in old combs. The only method to keep
the wax from soaking into the rest when liquefied is by wet-
ting, for beeswax will not stick to anything that is wet. So-
we instruct the bee-keeper to soak the combs. It matters
little iiow they are soaked, but if they are very dry it will not
take one long to find out that they are difficult and slow to
soak. But if you leave these old combs in the shape given
them by the bees, each of those cells, coated as it is with the
cast-skin of a larva, will retain its shape and make a nice
little nest for some of the liquid wax to sink into. Anyone
who has rendered much beeswax and old combs has noticed
occasionally a cell full of clear wax, which may be rem.oved
only liy a press.

Now, our method is to break and crush these old combs
out of shape, so that the cells inay be closed or flattened.
r.i this shape they will sink in water more readily. But there
is ? very good way to compel the combs to become soaked,
and that is to put the stuff all in a coarse sack and load it
down with bricks or stones at the bottom of a tub filled .after-
wards with water. You will notice that in a short time the water
will begin to take color. When the entire lot is well soaked,
it may be melted with hot water. No hard water should
be used.

Here permit me to explain : Hard water contains mineral
mvariably, in fact, it would iipt be "hard" unless it did.
Some of this mineral will act on the beeswax and damage it.
For instance, the least amount of iron in the water will
darken the wax. That is why in some localities bee-keepers
seem entirely unable to produce nice, bright beeswax. If they
were to use rain-water there would be no trouble.

The man who has a wax-press has no difficulty in get-
ting out all the beeswax, or nearly all. But even he who has
a press needs some direction for its proper management.
It is just as necessary to soak the combs when using the
press as when melting the combs and skimming the
wax ofif the top of the water, because whatever the residue
will soak will be impossible to secure, and much less will
soak into the residue if it is already wet, when the wax is
melted, as I said before. But those who use the press are all
liable to go too fast and use too much power. If the press
is filled with well-melted old combs, and kept hot, a turn now
and tlien is all that is needed, and one hardly needs to use
more power than what may be applied without effort with the
hand on the screw. It is just like pressing grapes for the
juice — if you try to get it out all at once you simply imprison
some of the juice so that it has no means of escape; while
if you give it time to slowly leak out, you will get rtiore
result with less effort.

With the man who has no wax-press, although there is
more difficulty in rendering the combs, still nearly all the
wax may be secured by using plenty of water and skimming
the melted wax off the top of the kettle as he goes. If the
worst residues are put into a sack with very coarse texture,
and this is turned over and over under hot water, nearly all
the wax will ooze out. Of course this wax must be ren-
dered once more, in order to remove the remaining impuri-
ties.

Rendering combs with the solar extractor will do well
for those who have but little residue, and especially for the

odds and ends 'of the apiary, as they are gathered during
the summer. When they are rendered by sun heat, they are
out of the way of the moth, while the keeping of these is
difficult till they are rendered, especially during the last of
the. summer months.

But the solar extractor is not at all fit to render old
combs. The beeswax in them soaks into the cocoons, and
nothing is left for the apiarist.

In rendering beeswax care should be taken not to over-
boil it. The mealy residue at the bottom of cakes of bees-
wax is nothing more nor less than water-spoiled beeswax —
beeswax that has been beaten into a sort of meal by boiling
water. Sometimes a bee-keeper will spoil his entire product
in this ugly way. A good boil is all that is needed.

Do not use sulphuric acid in rendering wax. You will
be likely to use a half-pint where ten drops would be too much,
and it will give your product a sickening and bad smell.

Hancock Co., 111.

Curiosities and Myths of Bee- Literature.

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER.

Among the curiosities of bee-literature, few strike the
student more forcibly than the persistency with which many
ancient myths about bees are repeated, often being stated
as the results of the writer's own observations or quoted as
if of recent discovery. Some are too absurd to receive
serious consideration while others seem plausible until sub-
jected to a comparison with the actual habits of the bees.

An accurate interpretation of the actions of the bees is
not always possible without a knowledge of the anatomy of
the bee, and, again, deductions as to the functions and mode
of using various organs are not infrequently wrong, owing
to lack of full knowledge of the bees' habits. Also there is
often a strange confusing of cause and effect.

Such things would be of small account to practical bee-
keeping were it not that many practices are based on the
beliefs, and when the latter are wrong the former are faulty
and costly to the bee-keeper.

The legend about the snail, which, getting into the hive,
and the bees being unable to remove it and fearing the con-
tamination of decomposing matter, hermetically sealed to
the floor with propolis, is as old as bee-keeping. It re-
appears with every new bee-book, being cited as an example
of the sagacity of the bees.

The sealing of the snail to the floor was merely the re-
sult of the effort of the bees to fill crevices which they could
not enter or penetrate with their mandibles. They just as
readily and thoroughly fasten a pebble in the same way.

The ramming of pollen into the cells with tlie bee's head
as the rammer, is another myth which dies hard. The work
is done with the mandibles, as may readily be seen. The
bee's use of her tongue is so greatly misunderstood as almost
to warrant the statement that nothing is known about it.
How long and how persistently it has been asserted that a
worker holding out her tongue toward another bee is offering
food, yet the fact of the matter is that the thus extended
tongue is always seeking or asking.

Most instructions for introducing queens cite the "offer-
ing of food" as one of the details to be observed. The many
and constantly-recurring failures despite the presence of the
supposed "peace indicating offering" strangely fail to raise
suspicion as to the tenability of the theory.

CH-\NCING NECT.'^R INTO HONEY.

Another error most solemnly reasserted from time to
time is that bees ripen the honey by creating a high tem-
perature, establishing a rapid circulation of air and then
pumping the nectar back and forth on the tongues, that it
may be exposed as much as possible to this warm draft.
It is a very pretty example of the cart before the horse,
coupled with an ingenious but erroneous theory as to what
converts nectar into honey.

The heat is caused by the action of the bees in treating
the nectar, and the heat together with the moisture compels
the bees to create the draft. The belief about bees pumping
the nectar up and down the tongue seems too absurd to war-
rant consideration were it not so often stated as fact. Some
writers have made the theory even more absurd by stating
that the bees crook the tongue slightly, that the drop of nec-
tar may not be knocked off by contiguous bees.

A knowledge of the structure of the bee's tongue, to-
gether with a little observation of the bees at the ripening

March 16, 19(>S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

217

work, will quickly convince any unbiased person of the in-
accuracy of such statements.

A descri])tion of the actual operation is subjoined, and
may be readily verified. It is part of the results of a long
series of studies into the functions of various organs of the
bees. The nectar-treating worker becomes quiet, gen. rally
on the comb containing nectar or honey, then the mandibles
part, the mouth opens and becomes filled with a dron of
fluid. This drop extends outward between the mandibles.
filling the space and covering the openings of gland sy>tem
No. 4, of Cheshire and Cowan. (For description of functions
of these glands see Cowan's "Honey-Bee," pp. 120 and 1-1.)
The drop of fluid remains in this position for a period of sev-
eral minutes at a time, and while it is there the chin is
slowly and steadily moving up and down — exactly as if the

bee was chewing something in her mouth — and this causes
the drop to pulsate slightly. During this time the tongue is
folded up behind the chin and lii/:rs no part in the process of
converting the nectar into honey. After a time the drop of
fluid is swallowed and after a moment's pause another ap-
pears and the process continues.

Each "mouthful" is equal to more than half of the
capacity of the honey-sac. The tongue of the bee could not
begin to care for the quantity of fluid treated by her in her
mouth, and, furthermore, if treated on the tongue it would
be beyond the reach of the gland secretions. The primary
cause of the conversion of nectar into honey is the action
of the secretions of the glands; the evaporation of moisture
is secondary. Providence Co., R. I.

Fle<use •uMQtiOD Bee Journal "wDen -v^Tltkii^

40-PaSeCatalo§Free!
Full information regarding all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Beat poods. Latest Im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hives and Fixturea.
Prompt shiDraenls. John Nebel & SON Sctpply
Co.. High Hill. Mo, 3Dtf

Ple>*«*e <utj'juwu Bet* Journal when \7ntmg

tp sjbqX To oi 9 mojj letiT pay

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dsar Sir: — I have iried almost everyttaing- in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enoQ^h for me. I thaak the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks la-
dnced me to g^et mine. Fred Fodner.

Reports anb
(Experiences

Getting Supers Ready in Winter.

Perhaps I should not contradict anything
said by G. M. Doolittle, yet my experience
has been directly the opposite of what he
advocates on page Hi, where he says :

" All the foundation used in both sections
and frames in m.v apiary during the past 15
years, was placed where it is to be used by
the bees during the months o( December,
January, February and March."

Last winter I fixed my supers in the way he
mentions, and when I came to get them to
place them on the hive, lo and behold I 3
starters out ot every 4 were fallen to the bot-
tom of the super, so thai I had to go through
every super and fasten them again. Owing
to this experience I shall wait until warm
weather to fasten starters.

Charles M. Harris.

Schoharie Co., N. Y., Jan. 30.

Selling Honey in the Home Mari^et.

I notice that some ot our bee-keepers seem
to have little difficulty in selling their honey
in their home or near-by markets. In 1903 —
that tine honey season — I secured from 15
colonies, spring count, about 4000 pounds of
honey. Very few people came to the house,
and I would have sold little in that way, but

I WAKE MONEY

HATCHING CHICKENS WITH THE

GEM INCUBATOR

that high-grade, low priced, absolutely reliable,
up-to-date hatcher. Sure protlts. Begin now^
get an early start. Write for free catalog today.

Gem Incubator Co., Box 52, Dayton, Ohio

r*i-a.oc ut^^iitiou X3RW journal wxieu writinfe

li. Li. Olds Seed Co —Many of the thou-
sands of farmers who visited the Louisiana
Purchase Exposili')n will remember with
pleasure the exhiiiit of the L. L. Olds Seed
Company, of Clinton, Wis. Those who have
received the Olds catalog for 1905 have again
been pleasantly reinjnded of their visit to St.
Louis by the hall lone view on its first page.
They will also noticK that the exhibit bj' this
concern captured i gold medal. The gold
medal standard ol -ueds and potatoes — pota-
. Olds Seed Co's specialties
iiality that the farmer and
nt in order to secure the

toes are one of L

— is certainly the

gardener should i

best results. A car. ful perusal of their cata-

log shows what
prepared to do for
orders with them
posted in this reg '
fore making out i
season. Please
Journal when wru

L. L. Olds Seed Co. is
hose who will place their
.\nywhoare not already
I should obtain a copy be-
■ ir orders for the coming
ition the American Bee

Why Berkshires

are claimed by some swine breeders
to be superior to the Poland-Chinas
will be fully discussed in the March
issue of that authoritative stock paper

Blooded Stock

Foremost American writers on swine,
headed by Mr. A. J. Lovejoy, will dis-
cuss, from all viewpoints, the modern
methods of breeding, feeding, selling.
Subscribel You can pay 25c — that's all It
costs fora year. April "Hlooded Stock" will
bedevotedexclusivelyto Jersey Cattle. Send
for free sample cojiy and liandsocie booklet,
then you'll be convinced how much you
need "Blooded Stock" to make money in
your business.

Blooded
Stock

Box 221

Oxford, Pa.

MUSICIANS

get in tniirli with
* EVEKVTHING
MUSICAL" by ask-
ing for our cat;i-
lopues. We Im-
port Htiil \\'lii'lesjik' ail fi'i is of inytruiiieiits ami
jiijblisli all kiJidb »t music. ;»nd our prirt-s nilt-
the reUilfr -Kit. Buy ever>thin(j you want fTnin
our catalogues. Every day's a t>ark'»in day nt
this big music bargain house. Write for ratn-
logues. Ask for list of SKfOND H.vND instru-
ments, repaired and made almost as goud as new
II. K. M^- -HI I, MN. 108 8uperi<.r St., Cleveland. <b.

For Qu66ns

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, SI ; Untested. 75c; 5 for $3.25; 10 for
$6 ; 15 for SS.io ; 25 for $12,50 ; 100 for S45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 3, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacriftce.
— (Prov. 3; 21.) 6Atf

LICE SAP LIFE

'I'luit's how they live an<i thrive.
Y"u cant have healthy, profltabto
fowls or Btock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vermin and
makes Bitting hens comfortable.
SnmpleIOc; irW or.. fil.fK) by express.
O. K. STOCK FOOI> CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vii-e-Pre--=.
•lOH Monon Bldff., ChlcoKo, IIU

Please mentiou Bee .roumai "when writmft.

218

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16 1905.

GRAND CONTEST! BIG PRIZES FREE!

TWn DIANnCI PAQUf GASOLINE ENGINES, INCUBATORS,
IffU rillllUOi UHOni CREAM SEPARATORS, BUGGIES, ETC.

rnprifYouCanTellHow
rnCC Many Dots in Ohio?

IF YOU CAN COUNT AND PLAN YOU CAN WIN !

Those who can count the dots in Ohio correctly or nearest
correctly will be given the following list of prizes:
Two Elegant Pianos, one to a lady and one to a gentleman.

2nd. An Elegant Cabinet grand six octave Organ,

3rd. $ 1 50 cash, 4tll. $ 1 00 cash, 5th. $50 cash.

6th. Weber Gasoline Engine.

7th. DeLaval Cream Separator.

8th. Elegant Elkhart Top Buggy.

9th and 1 0th. Each a first-class 100 or 150

Egg Incubator.
I Ith. Empire 6-hole Steel Range.
12th. F. W. Mann Bone Cutter.
Next 20, S5.00 each. Next 25, S2.00each.'

DITIONS: We have made arrangements with Successful Farminpof Dea

jes lowa.to send both FARMERS" TRIBUNE and Successful Farming: one

year tor 81.00 which gives you one free count, or both papers two years for

is 00 and give you three counts. You should liave three counts as It means 950

If you win. See below.

If you want a Piano or other Prizes Uf|M| Utfinf WlllV
fx-ee, send your counts at once. WVIIIl Wfllll WVIIIl

Don't Delay!

If this chart gets destroyed
another printed upon lieavy
paper will be sent jou upon
receipt of 2c stamp for postage

TEST OF SKILL

-This contest Is not to be confused with the
guessing or estimating contests which are not
! ' ' .11 ■■ permitted by the Post (.ttfice Department. Our

contest i-< :i test of skill In counting and getting up best plans and the
best man v.lns it deperulir upon you. There is no guess or chance about
It. Do not Hesitate abuut entering but get your counts in at once.

Do not fail to get counts in at once. Our complete list of prizes contains six pianos,
five Ertei, five OldTrusty and HveSiire Hatch Incubators. Ave Galloway harrow carts,
live Empire Steel six hole ranges. HooverProut Potato Digger. Smith Manure Spreader.
Star ftlfg Co. Feed Mill. Parlln (:)rendortf Corn Planters; Osgood Scales, a 8175 I>eLoach
Sawmill outfit, Deere & Co Cultivator; an Electric Handy Wagon; Campbell Fanning
Mill, fower Cultivator, Kaestner Feed Grinder. MJlne Stump Puller. Stearnes' Bone
Cutter. Carriages Hapgood Plow, five C. A. S. Farm Forges. Wilson Bone Cutter; £ek-
hart Driving Harness, etc.

Send in counts ond subscription as above and get our complete premium offer. Never
did you have such an opportunity before. I>ou't delay, you want some of these premiums.
Now is your chance

PRIZE WINNERS IN PAST CONTESTS

& Dlann fni* 'Kl ftO Surely penple may enter your conteHta knowing that they
A rlallU lUr JH.UU. will receive fair treatment, H'^w giad I was to win a
>lano for BO email an amount and wlif'lly iiiiexpecled. The paper alone is worth all I

CONDITIONS:— 81. tW pays for one full year s subscription to both the FARMERS'
TRIBUNE and Successful Farming and entitles you to one count, *3.fl0 pays for
two years and tutUlesyou to three counts and makes you eligible tor the 85000
prize.

*I^'^^ PI) I 7FQ'^® believe everybody should have three connts so they
^tJv rKIZ.L^ citn have one each side of what ihey think is correct to
be mote sure lo hit it 'J'o encniinige this we will give $.'il).UU exira to
winners of ]st prizes it tbey have three counts Uenietnberif you hiive one
count you uet Ist prize odIt but if you have three counts you get, $r>U extra
A AV ADH^ will be made as follows— The person giving correct or nenr-
t\ »T rtlvl/J est correct count will get first prize Next nearest correct,
second prize, etc. In case of a tie tor any prize it will be awiirded to the
person giving best plan for counting ilie dots. State whether you enter
ladies' or gents" contest, as one piano goes to lady sending befat count or
plan tlie other to yentieniun sending best count or plan

DON'T FAIL to enclose remittance with your letter giving counts,
as we cannot enter you as a contestant until it is received.

II|niTCC— 'J'he awarding of prizes will be wholly in the hands of dislnter-
uUI/\IL<3 ested jutlgt*s We have chosen bankers, ministers, public offic-
ials, etc , to act as indges in .)ur contests Ex-(iovern<irs, Mayors. Treasur
eis. etc . have acted as judges. We are bound our contests must be
ahs<iliitety fair.

■As to whether we are
abundantly able to do as
we say, we are glad to refer to SiouiCity Stock Yards Co. or First National
Bank of Sioux City

In the event more than one person should submit the same plan
and this was considered the best plan by the judges, each person so tieing
will be asked to tell in r>U words how best to improve Successful Farming
Tiie one nialiing best suggestions gets first itrize, next best next, etc
Understand this is only incase of tie in plan, which is not at all likely

PIANO

Pf \NO

PIANO

■'^^^?^pm

OUR FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY"^^

Publishers FARMERS' TRIBUNE, Sioux City. Iowa.

Ienc!ose$.. ., for year's subscription to both

FARMERS TRIBUNE and Successful Farming and I wish to enter the

(write Indies' or gentsM Contest. If $2 00 .s

paid send three counts; if more than J3.00send one count for each Jl.UU
over $2.00. If only one year is paid send only ONE COUNT The extra
$50 go only to those having THREE or more counts entered.

W C tLUOTl,
Audulx I la

850.00 CASH

My Count Is; (1)

(3)

Nam*

Atmarkt: My plan oi eounUng It .

..«)..

.P.O..

Slala.

Dept

f C-

SUOLML l-tU HMLR,

paid. SIRS. L. W. NOTT, Mulon, Is

A Piano for Illinois. ^^.I;',

Pill t raDollarl That is what I (, t
a 1 body that tbliiko your prizes Bit
I t arde-i lairly don't know. Tl
c n 1 1 no favoi Itte or I would not 1
w Q MIBA E.P7BSUAV, Panola lU

A Piano for Pennsylvania.

■ft wav I ever -"aw to get a p t
peoj'le are surely Talr. Fri' le
I at me ami said frlenda receivtl
ea. N'>w they are sorry thej Ud
^r. Will never be without youp
r D. L. FREEBORN, KnoxviUe, Pa- ^^ L.'~PREEB0BN7^

He Won a Piano. f:'zr<'";i'y '''■"■:i!!l''"*-

\\attt know whether you are honest, I SIOO-OO TASH

g til ano for a piize and never heard

of u intll I auflweied your ad. Ymir

p r i9 worth twl<e the aubflcrlptl.m

W. C. ELLIOTT, Audubon, la,

$100 00 Prize. I.^^LTh^Zf;.^

1 paru'-d. The aol9 are hard to

) ut r Udow the prizes go to those
11 t\,em ti.lrlv.

AMY R. UAKNE3, Van Home, 1b.
To ^Hiora It
May Concern:
n grand prize of taPO.OO Cash in
oniest. I was much aurpriaed.
1 a t to vouch ns lo SuccesBful Farm-
lilt a ftiirness to any and everyboily.

JOHN A. GOODWIN.

Akron, Ohio.

$50.00 for Canada. Z°Z i"S

Caniiiia I won J-'iO. Never knew there waa
111' !i a [inper until I auswerfld ad, Nowl
will never be without It aRaln.

MIS3 E. FOUUNIER, Mataoe, Quebec.
NEWTON RARICK,

Ligonier, iDdlaoa.

tlOO— Eva
1. Buikuer
FredoQia, Kan. J25.00 — Clara Albere.
1209, Wnl , Clnrhmatl, O. $100.00— C, S.
Wyman, Viuton. la. 150.00—3. Irving
Stoyer, 225 K, Bait,, Baltimore, Md.
tlOO.oa— E. U. Hall, ItloQtroMj Mo. I26.C9

Won $350 Cash.

AMT R. BARNES,
Vau Uorne, la.

S50.00 CASH

$50.00

Others Who Won:

NEWTON RARICK,

LigoQl«r, lod.

Nobody connected with our paper will be allowed to compete. Contest
closes April 30. but get your counts in at once. See about time prize above. Any-
body having three counts entered may enter additional counts at 25 cents eacb.
Be careful to give your p\&a of counting, as the best plan used will aecide all ties.

Address all letters to FARMERS' TRIBUNE, SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

219

my children established certain routes where
they peddled the honey, and in a little while
it took them about a week to supply their
customers who bought readily and regularly.
In this way 1 might have sold much more

The same year I offered to sell a merchant
some at 2 pounds for 35 cents, and he replied
that he could sell me some at 7 cents a pound.
I asked him how he could do that, and he
said, " Oh, don't believe that it is real honey ;
it's glucose". I really believe that mer-
chants believe in honey very little.

Can any experienced bee-keeper tell me
whether or not it would be wise for a man
getting an average of S15 a week to discon-
tinue his work and go to bee-keeping in the
the vicinity of Chicago? G. H. Kienzlb.

Kane Co., 111., Feb. 13.

Bees Stored Little Surplus Honey.

My G" colonies of bees did not do very well
last season. They gave only TOO pounds of
surplus honey against 3500 the year before.
Moving from Alabama to Mississippi I think
is the cause, together with the season not
being favorable.

The worst of the winter weather is now
upon us. Last year at this time the bees were
gathering pollen freely from elms, alders and
maples.

I enjoy reading the reports of the sub-
scribers, and hope each will report his ups
anil downs. R. V. Gos3.

Monroe Co., Miss., Feb. 8.

Bees Did Very Well.

My bees did well last year. I wintered
them on the summer stands, losing one col-
ony. I increased from 10 last spring to 20,
and secured 12S4 pounds of surplus honey,

I Will Teach You the

Chicken
Business

WITHOUT CHARGE

and guarantee you
success if you use

MODEL

Incubators and Brooders

Send for Descriptive Catalogne.

CHAS.A.CYPHERS

[3926 HennvSt.BUTFALO.N.Y.

Fiease mention iJee jroumai "when ■writme.

The Fruit of the Vine. — Autumn
seems a long way off when snows of winter
have scarcely gone. But the agriculturist
must be a man who looks far ahead and lays
his plans for the future. Summer will be
well on the wane before the purple clusters of
grapes hang in juicy lusciousness on the
vines. It is then that most people will be
thinking about grapes. But the grape-grower
has to be thinking at)out what the harvest
will be Icng, long before— several years be-
fore, in fact, for it takes time to develop a
good vineyard. Mr. Louis Roesch. of Fre-
donia, N. Y., makes a specialty of fine grape-
vines— he has over 800,000 of them for sale,
including some 69 different varieties besides
trees and small fruits. Any one intending to
set out vines or small fruits may obtain a
descriptive price-list free by addressing Mr.
Roesch, who is a specialist in this line. Send
for his catalog, and mention the American
Bee Journal when writing.

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice Killing Machine

klUikll llcosn.l mitf -. >M Injury L, Mr.ls -r fi-*!!.-
era. il*i»iJI.'8 knj fui>l. emalleit chick tu Iwgeal
fobbler. M^o in three sU«8. PftT-i for lUeirOnt
■WioQ. Also Lightning Lir* KUlinff J^iwiUr.
Poultry £m», Liet Murder, etc- We iMure ■pv'-lkt
Ipw eiprMa r«t**. CUmV^ acni free. Writeforlt

CHAKl-ES StIIILD CO.

401 OetroU St., Cleveland* OUO

t^ease zaentioxL Bee Joanial "whea wntlni^

BEE-SUPPLIES

rCJ^ Lewis* Goods at Factory Prices

'%^^%^

Best shipping-point in United States.

Special inducements on Bee-Hives. 88 page Catalog — good information for all

bee-lceepers — free.

ASK ABOUT OUR FREE POCKET-MIRRORS.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,E.Sst.Indianap»lis,Ind.

ipiease mention Bee Journal when ■writine

I mportant to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of goods you want.
They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

j JOSEPH NYSEWANDERsrA''s'"67wn^h St. Des Moines, Iowa

§ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

I ourECI-V'ES and SEOTIOlSrS
I Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

O By sending in your order now, you will,' SAVE MONEY, and

K secure prompt shipment.

a We will allow y a cash discount of 3 percent on orders sent in during January.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. u.s.a

-<!#• '^f? "^ -^* '^^ ^^ -^#!» -^ --#.»■ ^*: "1#*- -il,*- ^*- '.^^ -it * -I* ^|» -it* ^#* -^f?" •*#* -t.*- -^f * 'if.*- -i|,v ---I.* ^^

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SDPPLIESi

ft

Root's Goods at Root's rrlces i

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. ^tjt

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. X

Low Freight Rates. .•. .•. .'. Catalog Free. ^

m

»?

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every ^
shipment, if you will mention it when ordering', telling where you saw ^f
the ofifer ^^t^ ••*

WALTER S. POUDER.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

,2i,. 513-51S Massachusetts Ave.,

Please J! ation the American Bee Jonrnal XSJSrtlS^

220

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16 1905.

which was very good for a season following
so cold a winter as last winter, leaving tbetu
weak in the spring.

Bees appear to be in good condition so far
this winter.

1 wish great success to the American Bee
Journal, as it will bring success to those who
study its pages. Wm. Z. Rugoles.

St. Joseph Co., Mich., Feb. 7.

Bees Seem to Be WinterinK Well.

We look for a good honey crop the coming
season, as we have had lots of snow and the
clover has been protected all winter. I have
70 colonies of bees in the cellar, and they
seem to be doing well. We usually put our
bees out about March 30, it the weather is
nice.

I think a good deal of the " old reliable "
American Bee Journal, and have it filed away
for 5 years. C. M. Lawrence.

Blackhawk Co., Iowa, Feb. 28.

Non-

Other Side of Bee-Keeping-
Swapming Bees.

1 have read many letters in the American
Bee Journal from beginners, telling of great
success with bees, so much so that I am
afraid some of the uninitiated might get it
into their heads that all they have to do is to
get a few colonies of bees and grow rich, and

STANDARD

1

Poultry AND [

R^^ SUPPLIES '

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog Is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

griggsTbros,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiBDO, OI€IO.

A Flourishing Enterprise. — A busi-
ness career of 19 succeesful years is some-
thing any firm may look back upon with
pardonable pride. And when to the achieve-
ments of the past is added the more progres-
sive methods of the present, the outlook for
the future assumes a most promising pros-
pect. The proprietor of " The German Nur-
series", Mr. Carl Sonderegger, of Beatrice,
Nebr., may reasonably expect a continuation
and steady growth of the patronage which
has enabled him to not only carry on a suc-
cessful business, but so to increase his facili-
ties as to be able to handle a much larger
trade than heretofore. Mr. Sonderegger be-
lieves that " value received " merits fair com-
pensation, and that it is better to build the
reputation of his nurseries on the integrity of
his stock rather than the amount offered at a
certain price. Consequently, his 1905 catalog
contains no offers of cheap seeds to equalize
the quality and price. His guarantee goes
with his stock, and every precaution is taken
to insure arrival at destination in perfect con-
dition. Send for his catalog, and please men-
tion the American Bee Journal when writing.

600,000

planters scattered the world over
are willing lo eay under oath that
fiulzerV l-:arlle«t Vegetables are
from six to twenty ihiys earlier than the earliest of their kind
pruduf't'd from other seedsmen's seeds. Why t Because for
inoie than one-third of a century Salzer's Seeds have been
bred up to earliness.

' 1 blc pk(r, Salzer*H Scorcher Pe» 10c
^H I * " " Eni-Iy Bl"-*! Kudlsh lOe

Um^^UM \' " ISalzerV Earliest Lettuce 10c

m%Mm M " EurllcHt Cucumber 10c

I " *' Eurllext Beans 10c

1 1 " ** 4th of July 8weet Corn 10c

(Six diivs earlier than Peep ODaj-)
' 1 •» *' Mx Weeks Verbena 15o

Total 75c

Above seven packages of earliest vegetable and flower novelties posi-
tively have no equal on eiirth for earliness. If you wish the earliest,
finest vegetables for your home garden or for the market, Salzer's seeds
will produce them every time. We mail you above seven big packages,
together iviih our great plant and seed catalogue for 85c Stamps.

FOR 16c. POSTPAID

We mail lo you our big catalogue with .-iufticient seed of cabbage, celery,
lettuce, onions, radishes and turnips to grow 9flOU luscious vegetables
and ;i package cootainiog 1000 kernels of beautiful flower seeds bpnidesl

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CO., La Crosse, Wis.

r'laaae mention Bee Joomai ^^nen ^vntmc

Diumer's Foundaiion is m mi

Send for Catalog, Samples and Dlsconnts, and jndge for jonrself. 1W4 outpnt, 50 percent

increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working- Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger &. Co., Toronto, Out., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making- for our customers.

U Iff — DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

U ffl Wecarry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.

^ THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

i
i
i
i
i
i

i
i
i

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

*^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Powcy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence Ircague.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

March 16, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

221

that,' too, without much labor. I have had
men tell me (of coarse men who knew noth-
ing about the business) that there was more
money in bees than in anything else. One
object in writing this letter is to show that
there are two sides to bee-keeping as well as
all other things, and another is to answer Dr.
Miller's question on page 8, as to how I kept
my bees from swarming. .

In the spring of 1003 I purchased 2 colonies
from a neighbor, and he gave me another
which he had in a nail-keg. He said he had
never gotten any honey from the nail keg,
but had lots of swarms. 1 bought 5 dove-
tailed hives, set them up, put in foundation
and made ready for the first swarms that might
issue. At this time I was living in Eagle Co.,
Colo., and as I was away from home a
great deal, and fearing the bees would swarm
in my absence, I divided the strongest colony
and bought a queen for the queenless portion.
The nail-keg colony became so strong that a
great many bees had to sleep outdoors at night,
and in the daytime they hung out in a great
cluster. But nan/ a swarm did they cast.

On Aug. 18 I removed to California, after-
wards selling my bees and hives. In April,
1903, in partnership with another man, I pur-
chased 59 colonies. These bees had to he
moved 12 miles, and though handled by an
old bee keeper (I being absent at the time),
they were loaded into lumber wagons without
any cushions, and without any ventilation ex-
cept a wire-screen over the '•^^'^Vi entrance,
and trotted over rough roads, and the.result

SHENANDOAH YELLOW

The corn tbat has made Shenandoah famous. Has
outy teldedall other varieties ot yellow corn wlier-
ever tested. A deepprained 100 day yellow corn,
ripe lp September Will outyield, outehell, and omeell any yellow
com you ever Rrew, The world's hiiBkio^ record, 201 bu. in ten hours,
wM msde in this com oemr Sben»nJi*b. Dfc. 8, I'JIS. Send fur
free ckU1"C> T<h<>t'>iri^|ih3 and aamples <jf tbis »Dd other varictiea of
com. |C I"-' W'>rtb nf iired* frfe on cliib orders. A«lc about it,

HENRY FIELD, SEEDSMAN, BOX 50 .SHENANDOAH, IOWA

THE E\R SEED CORN MA?<

March 1st to April 15th

2 percent Discount.

Dovetailed Hives from Michigan White Pine,
$1.25 each, History for comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

lOAti LANSINQ, MICH.

It's a Pleasure to PLint. — There's
a genuine fascination about planting and dig-
ging around the garden, in plowing and
planting a field; besides, it's a healthy, profit-
able out-of-doors pastime to raise a garden,
you can get nearer to Nature in the garden
and the field than anywhere else on earth.
To plow and plant — to see the tender sprouts
shoot above the soil, and to watch them grow
and develop — what grander way to study
Nature than this occupation affords? What
is more beautiful than the neat, clean rows of
growing garden-truelt or the waving grain of
the field ' What more pleasant than the table
loaded down with the green things you raised
yourself; What more disappointing than the
garden that refuses to grow '. To be certain
that your garden shall be a success, and the
yield of your field pj-ofitable, you must look
well to your soil and your seed. W. W. Bar-
nard cV: Co., 161 it 163 E. Kinzie St., Chicago,
111., will be pleased to help you ; they will
send free their 190.5 Anmvd Seed Catahi;,
which will put you right as to the best seed
for you to plant to insure success in your
garden and on your farm. Write for the aook
to-day, and please mention the American Bee
Journal.

A Telephone for the
Country Home

The telephone in the country home is not a luxury— it's a
money.savin!,' investment that brings returns every day
Keeps the farmer's family in clcse relation with the neiKh-
bors, saves many a trip to town, and helps to make tne

LTeTukeThetrcufcoti'sl'ni"^ '"" "^ ''''""' them advan-

Stromber^-Carlson

Telephones

Are the right telephones for country homes. They work

npht, slay ripht. and the price is right. Our Book F- m

leiephone tacts for Farmers -—gives complete informa-

I'on on how to orRanize, build, equip and maintain a

telephone line. Farmers are liiiildins; lines all over the

wnd. n/iy not youf Write for the book and see how

cheaply it can be done. Our book 80 tells how others have

built rural telephone systems. Doth books are /rec. Address

nearest olBce today
STROMBERG-CARISON TEl. MFG. CO.. Rochesler

Chicago,

Flease mentioiL Bee Journal "wneii ■writing.

B66"SUDDli6S!

Discount for Earlu Orders

We carry a larg-e stock and
greatest variety of everything-
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of AJterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

■WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., LIncoln,Neo.; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluflfs,Iowa;
Fulton &, Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers. Laraar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

Hlease mention Bee Journal wnen vmtina.

■ ^-PlWk^ *^dM^M ^

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2^*^ ■

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1 1 ■■■■iiill II IWi i 1 . JMb!

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We are

Maniiiactnrers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

Lowest Prices and Highest Quality. Our New Cata-
log just out. Write for it. Compare prices with others.
15 years' experience. Not in the Combination. Modern
Machinery. Sections and Shipping-Cases by the car-load.
Prompt shipments. Hives, Extractors, Feeders, and all
Supplies used by bee-keepers. All goods guaranteed as
per CataloL^^ MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

7Dtf nea.se mentLon Bee Journal -wnen -writlBC

222

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16. 1905.

was something awful. Five of the strongest
were liilled outright, and about half of the
others were damaged so badly it took them
all summer to build up into fair-sized colo-
nies.

The honey crop in this part of the country
that year was a light one, but we got about
1200 pounds of extracted, and not a single
swarm. I forgot to say that I had in the
meantime purchased " A BC of Bee Culture "
and subscribed for the American Bee Journal,
and I expect to get more bee-literature later
on. Dyring this season the bees were run by
the old bee-keeper who moved them, while I
worked at my trade.

In the fall I purchased my partner's inter-
est, and also bought 13 more colonies from
another man, and in the spring of 1904 moved
them to a location 6 miles away. This time I
had charge of the moving myself, and did not
break a single comb.

The honey crop for 1904 was a complete
failure. I got only about 75 pounds of comb
and 75 pounds of extracted, and in the fall I
had to feed about $15 worth of sugar, but, as
usual, I did not have any swarms. I have
done nothing to keep them from swarming
unless I did it without knowing it, for I
wanted them to swarm, so the only way I can
answer Dr. Miller is in his own language, " I
don't know ".

I did not go into the hee-business expecting
to make " easy money", but I made up my
mind some years ago I would like to follow
it, and though it has been a failure financially
so far, I am more enthusiastic over the busi-
ness now than ever. The nearest I can size
things up in this part of the country, after a
two years' residence here, is as follows : We
can depend upon a heavy honey-flow once in
5 years and one failure in that time, and the
other 3 years will be ordinary or light crops,
and if a man gets an average of 75 pounds per
colony per year he is doing well.

I am gradually learning the business as I go
along, and if I should get " fired ", or get too
old to run a locomotive, I hope to be able to
make a living keeping bees.

I think the prospects for this year are good.
We have had about 10 inches of rain, and it
is raining to-day. I expect to try my hand at
brood-rearing this year, and make some arti-
ficial increase, as I seem to have a strain of
non-swarming bees, and I must do something
to make up tor winter losses.

This is my first letter, and it is rather
lengthy, but a man is usually forgiven for the
first offense, so I hope to be in this case.

J. W. Kalfus.

San Luis Obispo Co., Calif., Feb. 1.

IMTRODSSEo^iNignc Strongest in Vitality

''Tjtf^^-.-':\f'-^J^ ** H*ndBonie»ttn Appearance. Mo(?t
Deiitroble In Shape and Size.
Bestalltbe Year Round Potato

Other I90i» leaders are Vt. Gold
Coin Ey. Roser, Vornehm, Noro-

U-^^^HB^^^- ^ ton Beauty. Red River Ohio and
nineieKn rn A<'rae. Pat's Choice, SirWal. Ral..etc.
.ULUS atCU UU. We are headquartera for seeds.
Larfjeat etoclc. lowest pi-ices. Our Potatoes and Seeds
awarded Gold Medal at St Louis. 80-pape Catalog free.

L.L.OIds Seed Co., Drawer G, Clinton, Wis.

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE

£0 lbs. or over, at 5 cents per pound. Address,
SA'it JOStPH SHAW, StrongCity, Kans.

li'ORMASSd':;:

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. U Send

Send for free catalogue. fg^

BANTA MFG. CO.. LIGONIER, INDIANA. FniCstaloe

Uf^nfpf! Man 20 to 30 years old capable of
11 Gil bull taking charge of an apiary of 2C0
coloniee. Can give employment balance of year
collecting and soliciting for lumber and coal.
In answert-ne give reference and salary ex*
pected. TRESTER SUPPLY CO. LINCOLN NEB
6Atf Please mention the bee Journal.

«. (Greening's Steam Dug Trezs

fK. AGENTS WAHTH)

Dl ^ 700 Acres

H l#^ im GRCCMINe bros. nurservo*.

M-9^-- ^ BOM Bf MorsjROE MiCH

High in Quality
Low in Price

Fruitful Trees

Millions of Fruit and Foiest Trees, Apples, Peaches.
Cherriea, Grapes and Strawberries. R. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on 910 orders. Guaranteed to reach you fresh
and bright. Don't miss our free catalogue.

^ GAGE COUNTY NVRSGRIES
Box 646 Beatrice, Neb.

9 I 0-80 F^r

I dk 200 Egq
•JNCUQATOR

Perfect in coDstmction ana
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-d«j

GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III,

450,000

KOt!vurletleB.A]so6rape8.8inallFmltiietc. Best root-
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for
10c. Desc price list free. Lewis Koetah, Fredonla, N.T.

Please mention Bee joumai -when writine.

B66-K66D6rS' SUDDlIeS.

Send for Catalog.

Leahu'WfQ. Go., East St. Louis,' Ills.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Journal.

LOWEST RATES EAST

are afforded via the Nickel Plate Road.
With solid through trains to New York
City and intermediate points, via both
Lackawanna and West Shore Roads,
and to Boston and other New England
points, via the Nickel Plate and West
Shore and Boston & Maine Roads,
travelers via that popular low rate line
are oflfered all modern conveniences.
Excellent Dining Car Service, meals
being served in Nickel Plate dining
cars on American Club Meal Plan,
ranging in price from 3Sc to $1.00. No
excess fare charged on any train on
the Nickel Plate Road. Chicago depot.
Van Buren and Ea Salle Sts., the only
railroad station in Chicago on the Ele-
vated Railroad Loop. City Ticket Of-
fice, 111 Adams St. 'Phone Central 20S7.
1— llASt

-^ _ &

|Bee=Supply Quality.!

■ J, When you send your orders to us for BEE-SUPPLIES of any kind you can ^

•^ rest assured that you are going to get the very best it is possible to make. ^

1^ We have all the modern facilities and are right in the heart of the lumber dis- ^

^ trict. We have no freight to pay on our raw material, therefore we save you 25 ^
•^ percent. ^

I JOHN DOLL & SON, I

•^ Power BuildlMg, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. J

Be
Dixie Home

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

lO OBNTS A YBAFC.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brigrhtest and finest
Illustratbd Maga-
ziNB in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce It ONLY.
It is briglit and up-
to-date. Tells all about Southern Home Life,
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
luildiugs and famous people. Send at once.
Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ida and Mexico. Six years, SOc. Or, clubs of
6 names, SOc; 12for$l. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps talten. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
'>iA48t No. 75. Birmingham. Alabama.

The Incubator an Educator.

Looking' at the Iiistory of artificial in-
cubation in America from a critical
standpoint the name "Prairie State Incu-
bator" stands identified intimately with
its successive stages of progress.

Any man. woman or cliild can apply
the plain directions in tlie Prairie State
book of directions and with a Prairie
State Incubator and Brooder any farmer,
villager, suburbanite or commercial
poultryman can make money every day.

The Prairie State has been a winner
"from the start." Prom 1886, when Mr.
Mix first put his incubator on the mar-
ket and won the first prize at the great
St. Louis show, to tlie present date, the
Prairie State has been forging ahead — a
steady winner. Three hundred and twen-

ty-six of tliese prizes are recorded In the
new catalogue with dates. The majority
of these were not won by trained oper-
ators trained for the purpose, but by
local poultry-raisers. Some were farm-
ers' wives — genuine poultry entliusiasts;
some were storekeepers — some farmers.
These enthusiastic people take their
own machines in their own wagons. The
Prairie State liad fulfilled all their an-
ticipations. It iiad not disappointed
them. Consequently tiiey were proud
of their ability to select a machine that
hatched 85. 90 and 95 per cent of the
fertile eggs. Naturally they wanted to
exhibit tlie maciiine.

The Prairie State Catalogue is a library
of information on every_ point for the ed-
ucation of beginners of experts in poul-
try raising. Any one can get one free
from the Prairie State Incubator Com-
pany, Homer City, Pa.

Poultry Catalog Free.

33 varieties; best, cheapest in the West; Il-
lustrated, How to Raise Poultry; Make hens
lay. BOX4SI-L S. MINSHALL,

lOAtf . DELAY AN, WIS.

March 16, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

223

B66§UDDli67f

Guaranteed Superiority ! v

Lowest Prices

We have been making- Bee-
Hlves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Cataix>g
free ; also sample copy of

TheAmericanBee-Reeper

(Monthly, go cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN. N. Y,

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois.— The Western IlUaois Bee-Keepers'
Associaiion will hold Us spring^ meettng^ April
5, in the County Court Room, in Galesburg-.
Seasonable subjects will be discussed. Each
meeting- so far has been more interesting than
the previous one, and we hope to continue that
way. We earnestly invite all who are interested
in this industry who are within easy reach of
Galesburg, to be at this meeting.

E. u. Woods, Sec.

Michigan. — The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will meet in Lady Macca-
bees Hall, at Central Lake, Wedaesdav and
Thursday, April 5 and 6, 1905. Hotel rates will
be, The Tavern, $1.£0 per day. Editors A. I.
Root and W. Z. Hutchinson will be present;
also E. D. Townsend, Geo. E. Hilton and a num-
ber of other practical apiarists of Northern
Michigan If you have never attended a con-
vention let us suggest that you try it for once,
and yon will have a hig-her opinion of your call-
ing' when you leave. W. Moiirmann, Sec.

Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, Pres.

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring convention io the Mayor's
Office, City and County Buildiag, April 7, at 10
a.m. All are invited Matters of great interest
to bee-keepers, and horticulturists will be con-
sidered. Cache Valley's experience of killing
the bees by poison spraying in the bloom must
not be repeated. Jot down your thoughts on
this or any other question, and bring or mail
the same. G. E. Garrett, Sec.

E. S. LovESY, Pres.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buving or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St. Chicago, III.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in michiqan

Let OS quote you prices oo Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT &SON.
Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

» If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DIscounta to the Trade.

Headquarters for BeC'Supplies

COHPIETE STOCK FOE 1905 NOW 01 HIND.
FBEIGHT EITES FEOII CINCINNITI AEE TEE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying- from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

i^~ For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- Bcestt^ax-f

Chicago, March 8.— There has been some-
what of an increase in the number of sales dur-
ing- the past 4 weeks, yet the volume has not
baen large, while prices are if anything lower
than in January, especially on other grades
than white clover. Fancy grades of white comb
bring 125i@13c; No.l, 12c, with some off in color
at 11@11>^ cents; amber grades slow at 8@10c.
Extracted, white, (j@7c; amber, 5H@6i^c; the
price being governed by quality, flavor and
package. Beeswax, if clean and good color, 30c
per pound. R. A. Burnett & Co.

New York, March U.— There is no improve-
ment in the comb honey situation. The demand
is next to notbia^; quotations nominal and no
doubt some of the stock will have to be carried
over. We quote fancy at 13c; No. 1 at from
ll@12c, and dark at from 9@lOc. Extracted is
in fair demand: White at from 6@6Hc; light
amber at SHc; Southern in barrels from 50@S7c
per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm
at 20c. HiLDRETH (b Segelken.

Boston, March 0.— The demand for comb
honey still continues light with heavy stocks
on hand. Fancy white, 15@16c; No. 1, 14c. Ex-
tracted, 6@8c, according to quality.

Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, Feb. 25.— The honey market is
still very lax, with scarcely any movement at
all; the best white comb stock, 24 section cases,
is selling here at $2.25 per case. Extracted
moving all the way from 4J^@6Wc per pound,
according to quality. We look for an improve-
ment. Beeswax in good demand at 28c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati,©., March s.— The comb honey
market has beau a drag the last mouth; this
caused the holders to offer extra inducements
in prices. Quotations obtained are as follows:
No. 1 fancy water-white comb, 12@13c; No. 2,
10H®ll)6c. Extracted: white clover in barrels,
6Hcj in cans, 7'-uiY7 8 cents; amber, in barrels,
5J4@55ic; in cans, '_.@6>ic. Beeswax, 27c.

C. H. W. Weber

Philadelphia, Feb. 20.— On account of the
very bad weather the sales among the retail
trade in honey ii.ive been slow. Quite a good
many shipments have been arriving from dis-
tant points and th;; market at the present time
is overstocked. '*Ve quote: Fancy white comb,
I5fu-16c; No. 1, 13('ti4c; amber, 12c, Extracted,
white, 654@7c; a:iiber, 6c. Beeswax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Albany, N.Y.. I'^eb. 8. — Honey market dull
this extreme co! 1 weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.

We quote: Fancy white, 13®l4c; No. 1, 12®13c;
mixed, lOf^Uc; buckwheat, 10@ac. Extracted,
better demand; Buckwheat, 6@6!^c; white,
6@6>^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax^
30@32c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Feb. 28.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber, 8.a>10c. Extracted,
white, 6@6W cents; light amber, 4>i@5Jic; am-
ber, 3%@4^c; dark amber, 3@3J6c. Beeswaxv
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27©28c.

A shipment of 200 cases extracted went for-
ward per steamer for Germany the past week.
Several small lots were taken for the Orient.
Business on local account is light. Prices are
without quotable chaage, but market is easy in.
tone.

Cincinnati, March 10— There is little, if any,
improvement in the hcney market here, since
our last quotation. We hope to render a more
encouraging report soon. We quote amber ex-
tracted honey in barrels and cans at S^@6'^c.
White clover at 7@Sc. Fancy white comb at
12@13c. Beeswax, 28c.

Thb Frbd W.Muth Co.

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, 11,1.

224

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 16, 1905.

The WONDERFUI
CLEANSER.

For Toilet and Bath.

\i_F

u

EV6r!JtllinQ?SlB66-K66D6r

Insist on LEWIS' SUPPLIES
if you want

The Finest Goods

Shipped Promptly

At Consistent Prices

Where Are You?

The following are distribution points for
LEWIS' GOODS :

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. Lumber Co., Faribault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Atispach, Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

York Honey & Bee Supply Co.,
Chicago, 111., 141&143 Ontario St.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport,
Iowa.

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars, Iowa.

Southwestern Bee Co., San Anto-
nio, Tex., 438 W. Houston St.

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n,
Denver, Colo.

Fruit Growers' Assn., Grand Junc-
tion, Colo.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.

R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.

Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.

Chas. H. Lilly & Co., Seattle, Wash.

Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.

A. Coppin, Wenona, 111.

California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco, Calif.

C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Herts, Eng.

^KCH(JSi{7>

^— v.,

ICOLTDRAll
Col LEO?-;

^ce 3ournal

WEEKLY-SI. OO A YEAR.

Published by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO., 334 Dearborn Street.

45th Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 23, 1905.

No. 12.

Mr. Cbas. Mondeng and Factory of the Mondeng Mfg. Co —(See page 22S.)

226

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23 19CS.

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-

^^"^^ '' C. C. MILLER,

Of lllino s.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,

Oi New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,
Of Texas.

PROF. A J. COOK,

Of Califoioia.
Semi - monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleanlues in Bee Culture,
6 mouths, 25c.

We are certain that any one intei-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 2Sc. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

Bnolosed find 25 cents, for wtiicU
send me Gleanlng-s in Bee CaZ-
ture G moTitiis.

NAME . . .

P. 0

COUNTY.
STATE...

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken from our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The business for many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for The A I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A. I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers and Friends :

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble paironage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

George W. Tobk & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences ofifered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnne — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit;

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

DANZEXBAKER HIVE.

"Facts >11>oiit Rees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent OQ receipt of a 2-oenl stamp to pay the postage. Send tor it.

fh^ Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-hONEY HIVE.
Three Points of Excellence :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SPHJOIAXj N-OTICH!

The great popularity of the Danzenbaker hive has brought the shallow brood-frame and the
tall plain sections into prominence. It mast be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything jasT
RIGHT, so you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any ol our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, 111.

9>&&&e,&&&&^&&&&&^'&&&e^^B&^^&&&&&t»4

^STABt/s

^ERICA^

^BEE:PAPe^

r'N AMERICA.

Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.

PnbUsbed ^Veekly at 91.00 a. Tear by George ll¥. York A Co., 334 Dearborn St.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH 23, 1905,

VoLXLV.— No,12.

=\

€bttorial Hotes
anb Comments

=/

Local Advertising of Honey.

The bee-keeper who wants to get the best there is out of the local
market is blind to his own interest if he neglects local advertising. J.
E. Johnson sajs this in the American Bee-Keeper :

Last year I wrote articles in our home and country papers explain-
ing the value of honey as a food. I then wrote a leaflet, " Facts About
Honey and Bees," and had it printed. I put one in every case of
honey, and gave copies to people who had not bought honey. I also
inclose theoa in letters.

I sold one case of No. 1 honey to a prominent citizen of our town.
I gave a leaflet to his wife when I delivered the honey and put one in
the case. To that family I sold last year seven cases of comb honey
and one gallon of extracted. They got interested, and he bought two
cases to take to a brother 30 miles away. In two or three weeks I got
a letter from a lady who had been to visit that brother and sampled
that honey. She wanted two cases of that same kind of honey. And
so, from that one case and my leaflets, I now have three good custo-
mers. This first man has already this year taken five cases, and is
going to take four cases to his brother and lady friend.

Shipping Comb Honey to Market.

This is a most important subject to the comb-honey producer, if
he ships to the distant market. The Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati
honey-dealers, have just had an experience that is quite fully explained
in the accompanying correspondence. The first letter, dated March
10, is to us, and the second one is from the Muth Company to the
customer who shipped them the honey :

Friend York : — Some time ago, while at your office, you will
recollect X spoke to you relative to a shipment of six carriers of comb
honey we received, in which a large majority of the frames were
broken. We do our utmost to make a friend and customer, and gave
this party the very l)est price we possibly could afford. It might be
well to call the attention of your readers to the letter we wrote him,
a copy of which we are inclosing herewith.

Yours very truly, The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Per Fred W. Muth, 7'c<s.

The following is the copy of letter referred to in the foregoing,
the customer's name being omitted, of course :

Dear Sir: — We are inclosing herewith our check in payment for
the six carriers of comb honey as per credit statement attached.

Shipments like this we regret to receive, for they are prone to put
a damper on future transactions, and still, at the same time, wf are
not to blame.

This shipment arrived just when we were having the coldest
weather of the season, when the thermometer ranged from 10 to 15
degrees below zero. Furthermore, to make matters worse, there were
no marks on top of the carriers to warn the railroad company to
handle them with care, and only one of the carriers had handles.
Judging from the condition in which the honey arrived, the railroad
company bandied the carriers, presumably as though they were so
many trunks. From outward appearances there were apparently no
leakages, but upon opening the packages we beheld an awtu! fight,
because we had your interests foremost in our minds.

We want the support of every shipper, but, as it is, we lost u. jaey
in this transaction, as we did not charge you one cent for the great

amount of lalror required to overhaul the lot. We interested the veg-
etable peddlers, who made their own price, for it needed selling, and
we were anxious to rid ourselves of it. C3

At first we removed the combs from the sections, and tried to dis-
pose of it as chunk honey, but learned that the peddlers could sell it
best in the frames, the last case or two of which are still on our hands
unsold.

As stated before, we did not charge you for the extra labor,'for
we felt that the price, as it is, will be unsatisfactory to you.

Hereafter, in shipping honey, and especially comb honey, we warn
you to be more careful. In the first place, please see to it that each
carrier has two handles, and mark these words on the tops of the car-
riers: "Caution, Comb Honet, Handle with Care." And if
you will do this, you will find that you will realize a better profit on
your crop. If possible ship your honey as early in the season as you
can, for after the trade is supplied you can not expect to get as good a
price as before.

If you will heed these words of advice, you will profit thereby.
Yours very truly, The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Per Feed W. Muth, Pres.

We venture to say that the shipper referred to does not take and
read a bee-paper, nor has he read a first-class book on bee-keeping.
He doubtless lost enough on that one shipment to buy all the bee-
books published in this country, and also enough to pay the annual
subscription price of all the bee-papers for 20 years.

We have so often published directions for preparing comb honey
for shipment that it seems almost a waste of space to repeat them.
But what's the use of spending months in producing comb honey, and
then by improper packing for shipping lose half the value of the
honey ? It pays to read — to learn — how to do things right. It is
usually such bee-keepers that say they can't afford to spend a dollar a
year for a good bee-paper. Why, they really can't afford to do with-
out the paper that tells them how to prevent such losses.

A little later on we will again publish full directions for prepar-
ing comb honey for safe shipment.

Prices of Hives Further Considered.

On page 99 a clipping from The Farmer was inserted and some
views regarding it expressed. Mr. E. A. Morgan, a well-known bee-
keeper of 30 years' experience, conducts the apionltural department in
that periodical, and in a recent letter says :

" Bee-keepers can not buy hives for less than they can make them,
and where is the carpenter or cabinet-maker that can not do as accu-
rate work as any expensive machinery *"

Bee-keepers, as a class, are a very intelligent sort of people, and
if they can make hives cheaper than they can buy them, they will be
likely to do so, and whenever a majority of them, or even a consider-
able majority, report that they are making their own hives, the be-
ginner will be advised accordingly in these columns. The question
about " the carpenter or cabinet-maker " is referred to the reader.

Mr. Morgan further says: "The supply-dealers' combine do take
the statement from Washington to raise their prices on supplies, how-
ever much you try to cover it up. Your comparison of the wood-chop-
per and his ax bears no comparison, and does in no way apply in this
case."

Not being in the secrets of any "combine," of course we can not
dispute any illogical thing attributed thereto, but can see no reason
why the wood-chopper and his ax do not apply. If 100 percent profit
on investment in one case should affect prices on articles for in-
vestment, why should it not in the other!

Then Mr. Morgan says this in his letter on this subject:

228

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23, 1905.

But you ask, Is it true that prices have doubled? and ask The
Farmer to give a single instance of a case in which any manufactory
lists a hive at double the price at which it listed it at any previous lime.
This is the greatest break in your whole article. Would you please
name one single manufactory that hasn't doubled prices on supplies,
and many have trebled?

I have before me bills paid in 1879, 1880, 1881 : 8-frame Langstroth
hive, V.2 story, nailed and painted, 75 cents. That was before the day
of sections, but eight 5-pound boxes were furnished with glass sides.

In 1889 hives took a drop. I bought, that year, 100 hives, 10-
frame, l^.,' story, in the flat, at 50 cents. When sections came on the
market they were sold at $1.75 per 1000; later on, sandpapered both
sides, $2.00 per 1000. This as late as 1897; since that time they have
doubled in price.

At the first-mentioned date honey sold in the comb at 25 cents to
30 cents per pound. In 1883 I sold my entire crop at 17 cents, and
paid $1.00 each for 10-frame l^o -story hives, and $2.00 per 1000 for sec-
tions; and now, when the best comb honey must be sold at 11 to 14
cents, extracted at 7 cents, delivered, they ask $2.45 tor an 8-frame IV.^-
story hive, and $5.00 per 1000 for sections.

Is it any wonder that bee-keepers are going out of the business? I
have a list of 51 bee-keepers that have quit the business on this ac-
count alone.

Therefore, I say, bee-supplies are unreasonably high, and much
higher than prices of lumber would warrant, or the prices of honey
can pay for. Look over the many supply-dealers' catalogs and note
the stereotyped price-lists; no matter whether in the lumber region or
200 miles away, all are printed from the same type, showing the com-
bine. So I say, bee-keepers, make your own hives or quit the busi-
ness. E. A. Morgan.

However interesting Mr. Morgan's figures may be, are they rele-
vant? The request, as repeated by Mr. Morgan, was for " a single in-
stance of a case in which any manufactory lists a hive at double the
price at which it listed it any previous time." That single instance
Mr. Morgan !ias not given. Ii is not said he can not do it, but he has
not done it; and his paying double, or five times as much one time as
another, does not meet the case. Neither does the intimation that
every manufactory has " doubled prices on supplies, and many have
trebled " meet the case. Supplies in general, including sections, were
not under consideration. A look at the clipping, page 99, will show
that Mr. Morgan was advising that bee-keepers could make their own
hives, and the request was for a hive which was listed at a price double
the price of a previous year.

But Mr. W. R. Ansell, of Minnesota, comes to the rescue of Mr.
Morgan, giving a clear instance that is directly to the point. He has a
catalog issued by one of the Wisconsin manufacturing establishments
less than ten years ago, in which the 8frame IJo story Improved
Langstroth-Simplicity hive in the flat, in lots of five, with fixtures
enumerated, is quoted at 65 cents each ; and the same thing is now
quoted at $1.70 each.

It certainly does not seem that an advance of HU percent over the
prices of nine years ago is warranted, and if there is no mistake in the
case, there is good ground for considering the question somewhat
debatable, whether the beginner shall maKe or buy his hives. That
question may be further considered hereafter.

In the meantime, as the request for a doubling of list prices has
not been answered by Mr. Morgan, but by another, there may be noth-
ing unfair in asking him to make good his directly implied statement
that prices have been doubled within a year. For he says the statement
from Washington last January (presumably January, 1904) caused a
doubling in prices. Will he give us a specific instance?

Since the foregoing was written an attempt has been made to com-
pare prices of hives in the catalog of 1896, issued by one of the larger
manufactories, with those of 1905 by the same firm. Attempting to
compare prices of the same hive, In lots of 10, there is found in one
case an advance of 50 percent ; in a second case the advance is 64 per-
cent; in a third case, 69 percent. This may not be entirely exact, for
it is not easy, in comparing the catalogs, to make sure that one has
exactly the same thing in each. In other hives the advance may be
more, or it may be less. The comparison is, however, sufficiently re-
liable, in all probability (and any one can make such comparisons for
himself) to warrant a doubt as to a general doubling in the price of
hives, to say nothing of the doubling within a year.

Further, we wish to refer briefly here to Mr. Morgan's advice to
bee-keepers as given in the last sentence of his letter. It barn lumber
should double in price, would he advise the farmer to quit farming or
stock-raising? If mowing machines should double in price, we suppose
Mr. Morgan would advise farmers to make their own, or quit making
hay!

To us it doesn't seem to be so much a question of what bee-sup-
plies cost, as it is what price can be realized for honey. The bee-
keeper that can get a net price of say 15 cents a pound for his comb
honey, and average 75 to 100 pounds per colony annually, isn't going

to object to paying a fair price for hives once in 10 or 20 years. So it
appears to us.

We want to say further, however, that we have no use for trusts
or combines that are formed for the purpose of raising prices and
keeping them raised. And if any bee-keepers can save money by
making their own hives and other supplies, they certainly would be
very foolish to buy them ready made. We do not manufacture or have
for sale any hives, so we have nothing whatever to do with fixing the
prices at which they are offered for sale. If bee-keepers do not make
their own, no doubt all kinds of hives can be bought in the market at
all kinds of prices. It buying, " You pays your money and you takes
your choice," as our German friend would say.

Treatment of Chilled Bees.

Whether you believe that a colony of bees freezes to death or
starves to death makes little practical difference, but it is of much
practical importance for every beginner to know that a colony with
stores exhausted and apparently dead is not always beyond recovery •
indeed never, if taken in time. It you find a colony apparently dead'
without knowing how long It has remained in that condition, don't
give it up for lost, but at least give it a chance. If it has only re-
cently succumbed, and if the day be warm, it may be necessary only
to sprinkle on the cluster a little diluted honey or syrup to bring it
back to lite. If the day be cold, take the colony into a warm room
and warm it up. In any case it will be better to take the bees into a
warm room. Watch for signs of life before giving any food. Don't
be in a hurry ; it may sometimes be an hour before you see the bees
begin to move, but if they haven't been too long motionless you may
be sure that after a little you will see a leg begin to move here and
there, and as soon as they move they are ready for a lunch. Many a
good colony may thus be saved.

IHtsceUancous
Hcips ^ 3 terns

J

To Jlinnesota Bee-Keepers.— Mr. Wm, Russell, an officer
of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association, informs us that the Asso-
ciation's Foul Brood Bill (House Bill No. 563) has been introduced
and referred to the Committee on General Legislation. Minnesota
bee-keepers are urgently requested to write their senators and repre-
sentatives in St. Paul at once, asking them to be sure to support the
Bill when it comes up either in the House or Senate.

Rev. Dr. John Dzierzon, the " Father of German Bee-Keep-
ing," is thus referred to in a late number of the British Bee Journal:

On Jan. 16 this venerable beekeeper entered upon his 95 year
having been born in 1811. He has been a bee-keeper for 70 years and
has a world-wide reputation for his work In advancing apiculture
The principal scientific discovery of his was parthenogenesis— that is
reproduction without fecundation. This was known to exist in other
insects in the first half of the 18th century, but it was in 1835 that
Dr. Dzierzon commenced to think about it, and in 1842 to 1844
he made known his ideas in Frauendorfer Blaetter. In 1845 he pub-
lished his discovery in the Bienenzeitung, and this drew the atten-
tion of scientists to the subject. " The Dzierzon Theory " as this
was called, was subjected to the most searching investigation by
Siebold, Leuckart, and others, and, although still denied by some is
generally accepted as true. The Allgemeine Zeitung fur Bienenzucht
prints some very pretty verses dedicated to this veteran, and also gives
extracts from papers eulogizing him at the time of his bee-keeping
jubilee 20 years ago, and mentions the honors conferred upon him
We are sorry to hear that Dr. Dzierzon is at present unwell and
he has our best wishes for his recovery. '

The Mondeng Mfg. Co.— This company is represented on the
first page. The members of the firm are Messrs. Chas. Mondeng, J. W.
Hare, and L. H. Burke.

Their new factory is located opposite Bryn Mawr Park, in Minne-
apolis, and affords a beautiful view. It is surrounded by natural
woods, and running creeks make it a very picturesque site.

Though practically a new one, their factory is fitted up with the
latest improved machinery, and is equipped to compete with the best.
Their prospects for a good future are very encouraging.

Mr. Mondeng is a practical bee-man, and has an apiary adjoin-
ing the factory ; having also been in the bee-supply manufacturing

March 23, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

229

business for many years, he looks after the mechanical part of the
work, and personally superintends it. Being a thorough bee-man and
also a practical mechanic, he understands the business from beginning
to end.

Mr. Hare personally superintends the shipping and receiving, hay-
ing had considerable experience in a mercantile way. He has been in
the general store business for a number of years, and is a very valuable
man in his department.

Mr. Burke, who has been a book-keeper for years, looks after the
office-work, and is constantly busy keeping in touch with many tjee-
keepers throughout the country.

The foregoing trio in charge of the different departments, and
working together, should soon place theMondeng Mfg. Co. in the fore-
front of the manufacturers of bee-keepers' supplies.

We had the pleasure of visiting this Company when attending the
Minnesota State convention last December, and were very favorably
impressed with the members composing the firm. They were evidently
preparing to get their share of the bee-supply business, and certainly
should be in a position, so far as ability and equipment is concerned,
to handle satisfactorily all that comes their way. We wish them
success.

The Apiary of Walter Hoss. of Marion Co., Ind., is shown
on the first page. The picture represents only a part of his apiary.
There are 45 colonies in the yard, which is located on the rear lawn of
his beautiful home. The hives are kept nicely painted, the combs are
all straight as a board, and every colony is bred up to highest standard
of Italian purity.

Mr. Hoss produces both comb and extracted honey, and has a local
demand for every pound— in fact, he does not have enough to go
around. He is engaged in other business, but his bees are never neg-
lected. In his work he is assisted by his good wife. His facilities for
queen-rearing, with the present encouraging demand, indicate that
he will some of these days devote his entire time to that line of api-
arian work.

^ (Eontrtbutcb ^-
Special drttdes

Comparative Cost of Honey, and Light-
Weight Sections, Causes of Small
Demand.

BY L. V. RICKETTS.

THE question of increasing- the demand for honey and
its consumption is one that is frequently brought up

for discussion at bee-keepers' conventions and in the
American Bee Journal. Among- the latest being an edi-
torial on page 19, the Editor asks :

" Why is not more honey used by the ordinary families
of to-day 7 What can be done by the bee-keepers to induce
them to use it more than they do 7"

These are questions which deserve the most sincere
thought and careful consideration of all honey-producers.
What I shall say on them will apply principally to section
honey.

From July 1, 1886, to April 2, 1896, I was engaged in the
retail grocery business ; and during those (nearly) 10 years
I had considerable experience in selling section honey,
which, together with some recent observations that I will
now gi-ve, lead me to believe that the principal reasons for
the ordinary families not using more honey are : Because
of the price being greater than for many other sweets
(which it should be); and particularly because of the
swindle that is being perpetrated on the consumer b> the
selling of light-weight section honey. Now as to my ob-
servations :

While in the retail business it sometimes happened that
the case of honey would be placed on the counter within
reach of my customers, and they would frequently select a
section of honey that seemed to suit their fancy best— 3 nd
you may rest assured that the best-filled and heaviest sec-
tions would be the first to go ; these would generally iind
quite a ready sale, but the lighter weight and poorly-filled

ones would move oflf very slowly, there being quite a differ-
ence between the weights of the heaviest and the lightest
in the same case.

My recent observations are, that, during the last year,
I have at various times gone into the retail stores and
bought a section of honey and then weighed it, to find its
exact weight. This I found to vary from 12 ounces for the
lightest to 16 ounces for the heaviest, giving an average of
14^8 ounces each, for 12 sections purchased at as many dif-
ferent times and at different stores. The sections thus
bought were of different sizes, some were 4'4 x4Xxl J-s, some
4^^x4Xxl>ij, and others 4xSxi;/i inches. Among the 12
there was but one that weighed as light as 12 ounces ; this
was a 4'4x4^'4xl^ section ; and only one that weighed 16
ounces — this was a 4%x4}4xl}i section. All the square
sections were bee-way sections, and the 4x5 sections were
plain. All excepting the one weighing 16 ounces seemed to
have been used with separators while being filled. The re-
tail price is 20 cents per section the year around at the
stores here, and for all grades and weights.

As before stated, I have come to the conclusion that it
is owing to the greater price asked for honey than for other
and inferior sweets, together with the selling of light-
weight section honey that keep the common people from
buying and using more honey, and not because they don't
understand the food value of it, or have not acquired a taste
for it.

It is folly to say that there is more honey produced than
the people wish to consume. The great mass of customers
know that when they buy a section of honey they should
get a full pound of honey, yet they know full well that they
don't get that amount in the great majority of cases.
Therefore, they are dissatisfied with their purchase, no
matter what the price paid, so they frequently look for some
substitute for honey that is being sold cheaper, with better
weight or measure.

The remedy for this is plain. The standard weight for
a section of honey is, or should be, one pound (16 ounces).
This, then, should mean a section of honey weighing fully
one pound (16 ounces), and not a pound section of honey
weighing anywhere from 12 ounces to 16 ounces.

Why is it that so many bee-keepers produce light-weight
section honey 7 Is it not for the purpose of some one to
receive pay for something they never possessed 7 A 24-
section case of No. 1 honey should weigh fully 24 pounds
(exclusive of shipping-case, of course). To do this, the sec-
tions should weigh from IS ounces to 17 ounces ; and in
order to have them weigh this it will be necessary to have a
little larger section than is now in general use. (Of this I
will write in another article in the near future.)

The object in writing this article is to advocate the use
of a little larger section, and to use methods that will give
us as nearly as possible a uniform section, weighing as
near 16 ounces as we can possibly get it. This would in-
crease the sale of section honey so as to pay us well for the
extra amount used to fill the larger sections.

According to certain grading rules, a 24-section case of
No. 1 honey must average 21 pounds net. This is only 14
ounces per section. Is it any wonder that people are slow
to buy an article for daily use as a food when they are be-
ing swindled in weight to such an extent as this, amount-
ing as it does to 14 \/l percent of the whole amount ?

Produce an honest pound of honey and then sell it at a
fair and remunerative price. This will do more to increase
the demand for honey than anything else that bee-keepers
can do. Whitman Co., Wash.

Rapid Increase Through Afterswarms.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

A CORRESPONDENT writes that he is anxious to in-
crease his bees as much as possible the coming season
by using the afterswarms for such increase, and fin-
ishes up his letter as follows :

," Please tell us something on this matter of increase
through afterswarms in the columns of the American Bee
Journal, for I have no doubt that others are interested in
this matter as well as myself."

Before answering the above I would say that, as a rule,
I do not think it pays to keep or build up afterswarms un-
less, perhaps, as in the case of the questioner, a more rapid
increase is wanted ; and that the one wishing such increase
is not familiar with increasing rapidly by artificial means ;
for the reason that with the af terswarm goes all prospect
for any surplus honey from the parent colony from which it

230

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23, 1905.

came. To hive each first or prime swarm that comes gen-
erally allows of very nearly doubling the number of colonies
in the apiary each year ; and unless winter losses are great
this would build up an apiary as fast as the experience of a
novice would warrant did he expect to become the most suc-
cessful apiarist. Then, again, the amount of surplus honey
obtained from the parent colony from which no af terswarms
are allowed to issue would, as a rule, sell for more than
enough to buy good full colonies to take the place of the
afterswarms, and thus all fussing with them will be saved.
Of all the annoyances and nuisances in the apiary, with
me, afterswarms are the worst. Many the bee-keeper in
the past who would give ten times as much to know how to
be_ entirely rid of afterswarms as he would to know how to
build them up to good colonies for wintering.

But as all are not of this turn of mind, it is well to
know how to prevent afterswarms and how to build them
up where any one wishes so to do. Many articles have been
written on how to prevent afterswarms, but articles on how
to manage them and build them up so as to be in good shape
for wintering, are very few indeed. I can conceive how
one might wish to save afterswarms after such a loss in
bees as was experienced a year ago, so that the combs from
which the bees died might be saved and again occupied with
bees, and so I am going to do my best to tell the questioner
and the readers of the American Bee Journal how I used to
do this when I was more anxious for bees than I was for
honey, as well as some of my experience since.

The very first requisite toward a successful start for an
af terswarm is ^ frame of brood in all stages, to be placed in
the hive at the time of hiving them. As the queen with an
afterswarm is never fertilized when the swarm issues, and
seldom sooner than from one to three days later, and many
times for a longer period, if the weather proves unfavorable
from clouds and rains, it is all the way from two to ten days
before she commences to lay, so that it is nearly a month
from the time of hiving before any young bees emerge from
their cells from this queen, by which time the bees going
with the swarm are the larger part dead, dying of old age,
which makes and keeps the colony weak as to numbers from
the beginning till entering winter quarters. By giving a
frame of brood this weak part is very materially helped, for,
as fast as the bees die of old age young bees are emerging
from this frame to take their places ; and thus the queen,
when she gets to laying, has suitable bees to mature the
eggs which she lays, so that by the end of six weeks from
the time the afterswarm was hived, we have a good, popu-
lous colony instead of a weakling.

This frame of brood is also of the greatest value should
this afterswarm lose its queen when she goes out to be fer-
tilized, by being caught by birds or otherwise. This is
something which quite often happens, and when it does,
where no brood is given, the fate of that colony is sealed,
unless the bee-keeper is on hand to remedy the matter by
giving a queen or some brood. By giving this brood when
the swarm is hived, we are safe along all lines, for if the
queen becomes lost, they have the material from which to
rear another.

Then, if in addition to the frame of brood we can fill
out the remainder of the hive with empty combs at time of
hiving, or, better still, combs having some honey in them,
we shall have a colony in the afterswarm at the beginning
of the winter more valuable than are those from prime
swarms, inasmuch as the queen will be at her best the next
year, while the queens in prime swarms, where more than
two years old, often begin to weaken and fail before the
honey harvest of the next year.

In the absence of combs, more than the one containing
brood, I would certainly use foundation for all afterswarms,
even had I to pay 75 cents per pound for it, did I intend to
winter the afterswarms. I am aware that such afterswarms
will build almost exclusively worker-comb, and I have often
used them up in such comb building, and used to think that
there was profit in so doing, but if I wished them to be-
come strong for wintering I would give them every advan-
tage possible, and comb foundation is one of those advan-
tages where we do not have the empty comb to give them.
_ Having them fixed as above, they are now in good con-
dition except, perhaps, stores for winter ; and if stores are
lacking they must be fed, the same as any other colony
which is short of stores when winter approaches. And if
thus short, don't delay the feeding till cold weather, but do
it just as soon as you reasonably expect that the honey har-
vest is over for the year.

" How much shall I feed ?" Well, that depends where
you are to winter your bees, whether in the cellar or out-
doors. For outdoor wintering make sure that each colony

has at least 25 pounds of good stores. Frem more than 30
yeais' experience I have found that this amount is needed,
one year with another, to insure colonies wintered outside,
from the time of the failure of flowers in the fall till their
opening again in the spring. But where wintered indoors
the above amount can be shaded by from 5 to 10 pounds.
Yet, with the average bee-keeper, I should not advise the
going into winter quarters, where bees are wintered in the
cellar, with less than 20 pounds to the colony.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

(£onr>entton
Procecbtn(35

=\

J

Report of the Wisconsin Convention.

BY HARRY LATHROP.

The Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association met in con-
vention at Madison, Feb. 1 and 2, 1905. The meeting was
called to order at 2 o'clock p.m., Feb. 1, by Pres. N. E.
France. Notwithstanding the very severe cold there was
an attendance of about 40 bee keepers, including Editor
York of the American Bee Journal and Editor Putnam of
the Rural Bee-Keeper. There were a few ladies, including
the eminent writer on bees, Mrs. Millie Honaker, and Miss
Candler, the successful owner and operator of 200 colonies.
The bee-supply business was represented by Gus Dittmer,
and G. E. Bacon of the G. B. Lewis Co. The others were
mostly practical bee-keepers, some of whom own extensive
apiaries.

Pres. France said that he had been unable to provide
for a regular shorthand report of the session, and the edi-
tors present might take notes for publication if they wished.

The Secretary, Mr. Dittmer, was called on for his an-
nual report, and said that his records had been destroyed in
the fire that occurred at his place last year, in which his
shop and all his office records had perished. A part of our
book of records had been saved, and was presented in a
damaged condition. This was the 21st annual meeting,
and that book contained an interesting history of the work
and growth of our Association. We all regret its loss, but
no one attaches any blame to Mr. Dittmer.

Pres. France spoke of having local associations in the
State afiBliate with the State Association, and mentioned
several ways in which this could be done. In New York
State they have county organizations in which two members
of each are accredited as delegates to the State convention,
and have a part in all the deliberations of that body ; the
county associations paying a fee of $2.00 annually to the
State Association, which entitled them to this representa-
tion.

Mr. Hufi^man called attention to the fact that it was
very desirable that all local associations should be affiliated
in order to aid the State organization in holding all valuable
laws that we now have, and procuring other needed legisla-
tion for our industry.

Pres. France said he favored the New York plan of two
delegates from each local. It was voted to have a commit-
tee appointed by the President to consider the question of
affiliation, and report at a future session. Mr. Putnam and
another member were appointed to act with Mr. France on
this committee.

Pres. France said he believed there would be a large
number of local societies organized in the near future.

In regard to our present meeting, it had been decided to
follow the plan of the Chicago-Northwestern convention,
and use the question-box instead of a regular program,
allowing the meeting to develop the scope of its own dis-
cussions as it proceeded.

Before taking up the regular question-box, Pres. France
read the questions that were asked of all candidates for the
office of foul-brood inspector in the State of New York.

Pres. France explained how he had made the honey-
map of the United States at the World's Fair in St. Louis,
by procuring samples of honey from the different States.
From these he had prepared smaller samples which he had
brought along and presented for the inspection of the mem-
bers. It was noticeable that the whitest honeys came from
the North and West, while the samples from the Southern
States were mostly dark.

The question-box was taken up at this point.

March 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

231

COST OF SECTIONS — ADVERTISING THE CONVENTION.

" Why do sections cost $5.00 per thousand when bass-
wood excelsior is sold at $3.50 per cord of 52-inch bolts ?"

Mr. Wilcox answered, saying that the higher price of
labor, and also of lumber, made the price of sections higher.
He had bought sections years ago as low as $2.00 per thou-
sand, but did not think the manufacturer made anything
at that price.

" Why is not our State convention advertised the same
as those of other States 7"

This question was introduced not for the purpose of
criticising the officers for not advertising the meeting, but
because it was not advertised earlier. It was brought out
that the dates of the meeting could not be ascertained
sooner, as we are dependent upon the action of other socie-
ties that meet at the same time, and with whom we have to
co-operate in order to secure reduced railroad rates.

CANS FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

The next question related to the jacket-can for ex-
tracted honey. Pres. France said that while the can in its
present form had given good satisfaction, some improve-
ments were to be made in its construction for the coming
season. Some difficulty had been experienced in securing
fourth-class rates for honey in this can, as they are not
clearly covered in the classification. It is expected that this
will be provided for before the next crop is ready to move.

The question of a seal for the cans, to prevent their be-
ing pilfered, coming up, a member recommended a paste for
putting on labels, made by cooking two parts corn-starch,
then adding one part honey. Paste the labels over the cap
in such a way that it must be broken in order to remove the
cap. Pres. France recommended a paste made from >2
pound of gum-tragacanth in an ordinary pail of water. This
might be improved by adding }6 pound of furniture glue.

SELLING EXTRACTED HONEY.

" If I had a crop of 48 barrels of honey, where should I
sell it if not to the commission-house 7"

This brought out a discussion on the subject of having
an association to sell the product for the members, the same
as is done in some parts of the West. Pres. France pointed
out the great difference between the conditions of Wiscon-
sin and the bee-keeping districts of Colorado. He thought
we were not so favorably situated as they were in the West
for the operation of a honey exchange. Some members said
they sold their honey mostly to private customers and
dealers with whom they had established relations. These
members did not need any aid in disposing of their crops.

Although this question has been up in each of our an-
nual meetings for some years past, nothing of a practical
nature has been accomplished in the direction of selling
honey through a central organization.

Mr. Putnam said that their local association handled
comb honey for the members and shipped it by the car-load.

Mr. Jaeger asked why we could not have an association
to dispose of our honey, as well as other States, and said
that if the whole State is too large, and the members too
widely scattered, he would suggest that it be divided into
districts.

WIRE FOR CUTTING GRANULATED HONEY.

" What size of wire is used to cut granulated honey 7"
Mr. Wilcox replied that No. 20 annealed wire is the

proper thing, and only well-ripened honey, when thoroughly

granulated, could be cut in this way.

It was asked if it were advisable to melt extracted honey

before selling it. The answer was, " Yes, if the customers

desire it done."

EVENING SESSION.

This consisted for the most part of a stereopticon lec-
ture on the subject of beekeeping by Pres. France. The
illustrations were very fine, and the lecture interesting and
instructive to a high degree.

(Concluded next week.)

A Queen-Bee Free as a Premium.— We are now
booking orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered
in May or June. This is the premium offer : To a sub-
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will give an un-
tested Italian queen for sending us one new subscription \-i ith
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to
get new subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many you t^ ant
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.

=^

CDurt- Sister
Beekeepers

=j

Conducied by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, III.

Old vs. New Foundation— Getting Sections Filled

1. The latest number of the American Bee Journal men-
tions something that alarms me — that some people think
that comb foundation may be too old to use to advantage.
I bought a quantity a year ago last summer, and have some
left — the heavy for frames, and the thin for sections. It
has been left packed just as it came. Will this do to use
this season, or ought I to gel some new 7

A number of questions have been suggested by the most
interesting discussions reported from the National conven-
tion, which I am going to ask now, and shall be pleased to
have them answered at any time.

2. Is there any special manipulation necessary to have
all the sections in a super filled 7 Mine are always stuck
together so tightly with propolis that I can not shift them
without first clearing them of bees. Only once have I taken
off a super that had 24 perfectly sealed sections. Do people
usually succeed in accomplishing this result 7

3. The honey often is attached to the section only at
the top, hence I can not pack and send it away at all. Is
this the fault of the strain of bees, or would it probably be
corrected by putting a strip of foundation at the bottom,
too 7 Helisn Perry.

Clark Co., Kans., Feb. 1.

1. Packed as that foundation is, it will probably keep
good for a generation. Even when fastened in frames or
sections, it is good for several years.

2. In a good season probably most of our supers would
contain 24 completed sections if left long enough. But we
do not generally wait for that, but take off the super when
all but a few of the outside ones are finished ; generally all
but the corner sections are finished when the super is taken
off. Then the unfinished sections from several supers are
put into a super and given back to a colony to be finished.

3. There may possibly be a little difference in bees
about fastening the comb to the bottom of the section, but
certainly not much. The honey-flow may have more to do
with it, but with bottom starters you will probably find the
difficulty overcome.

■ I w

Italians vs. Other Bees— Report for Last Season.

Dear Miss Wilson :— In the early fall I attempted to
write something about my bees, and to ask one or two ques-
tions, which I have forgotten now. I started about three
years ago, taking care of my brother's 4 colonies of com-
mon black bees. As I started in the fall of the year there
wasn't much for me to do except prepare them for winter.

During the winter I studied the "ABC of Bee Cul-
ture." What I wanted next was experience. The bees
wintered all right, and built up fast in the spring. After
the clover season, which was a poor one, I thought I would
Italianize 2 colonies, so I sent for 2 queens— one they ac-
cepted all right, and the other they killed.

I took much pleasure watching for the new bees. I
had never seen Italian bees before, and there wasn't a day
I didn't look in that hive to see how they were getting along.
I decided I wouldn't have any other kind. But the next
year, when they began to swarm, I thought there would
never be an end to the bees in that hive, for I can truthfully
say they swarmed seven or eight times, probably more, for
aught I know. I then changed ray mind about Italian bees,
thinking they were all alike, but have learned different
since. I have now Italians, hybrids, and common blacks,
and find good and bad qualities in both.

In 1903 I had 27 colonies of bees to winter, but
sadly neglected them, and the severe winter left me in the
spring with only 6 colonies. That is, I doubled up some to
make them strong enough to build up fast.

Last fall I put 12 strong colonies into winter quarters
with the exception of one, which I must ^confess I could do

232

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23, 190S.

nothing- with the entire summer and fall — a strong- colony
of hybrids, -which were as savage bees as I ever saw.

What would you do with them in the spring ? Would
you introduce an Italian queen ? That is, if you could get
near them 7 or if you couldn't, what would you do ? L,ast
year was a fairly good one for dark honey or buckwheat.
Clover was checked by the dry season, but come to think of
it, there was too much rain. I took off about 300 pounds of
extracted honey and one super of comb honey.

I can easily sell more than I can get. There are only
two other bee-keepers around here, and they are men. I
would like to get some other women interested in bees, but
they get frightened when I mention it, saying they are
afraid of getting stung. Well, I was, too, but have gotten
over it. Ethei, M. Burdette.

Hunterdon Co., N. J., Feb. 6.

Yes, it would be a good plan to give them a queen of
gentler stock, if not too difiBcult to do so. But you may find
that they superseded their queen last fall, and that the
workers of the new queen are more gentle. And you may
find, too, that without any change of queen there may be a
change of temper. I have distinctly in mind a colony that
was extremely cross, and the only thing that saved the head
of that queen was the fact that we were so very busy that
we let it slip along until too late to requeen that season.
The next spring they were a good, strong colony, and did
excellent work all season, and so far as we could see were
quite as gentle as any colony in the apiary.

Report from a " Mother " Bee-Keeper— Severe
Winter.

Dear Miss Wilson :— If the rest of the sisters had
been as slow as I have been in giving their reports you
would not have had very many. I have had so much to do,
and no one to do anything but me.

The past season was not a very good one. From 8 col-
onies I secured only 75 full sections, 22 not full, and 13 that
I gave to one of the colonies to clean out. This colony did
not have enough to winter on, and I made candy and put on
the frames under the cushion. Week before last I looked to
see if they had eaten it all, but there was quite a little left.

I have only 10 colonies ; some have boxes over them
with leaves packed between the boxes and the hives, and
some have padding around them and a board set up in front
of the entrance.

Last week we had the worst weather of the winter, and
the most snow, and the wind blew so hard that the snow
drifted badly. Saturday afternoon I shoveled through the
drifts until I got to all of them, took away the boards and
brushed the snow from the entrance, returning the boards
after doing so. The snow had blown in between the boards
and the hive until it was packed full, and I was afraid that
they might smother. Now they can get air until another
storm comes, and I hope that will not be this winter.

I had so much to do all summer that they did not get the
proper care. I had 50 chickens and over 60 pigeons, all
having to be fed and watered three times a day.

It took me all of week before last to make my chicken
yard larger, digging holes, putting in posts, nailing on
boards at the bottom and putting on the wire.

On page 72 the " Elder Sister " says that she is 70. I
was 76 in December. How is this for a sister that does the
work that I do? I look for the sisters' corner the first thing.

Mrs. Sarah J. Griffith.

Cumberland Co., N. J., Jan. 30.

There is not usually much danger of harm from snow
at the entrance. In fact, some count it an advantage to
have it there so long as it is soft and porous, so the air can
slowly work through it.

Perhaps at 76 one should be counted a " mother " rather
than a sister. When we all reach the same age may we be
as active.

" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song — words by Hon-
Eugene Secor and music by Dr. C. C. Miller. This is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller. It is, indeed, a " hummer." We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents. Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of it for
sending us one new yearly subscription to the American
Bee Journal at SI. 00.

=\

Clftcrll^ougf^ts

J

The " Old Rehable " seen through New and Unreliable GlaBses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

CELLAR-FEEDING OF SYBUP-FILLED COMBS.

C. P. Dadant succeeds pretty well in knocking out the plan of
feeding syrup-Blled combs in the cellar. Granting that something
must be fed, candy has three decided advantages. First, one doesn't
have to tear the winter cluster apart to give it to them; second, they
will not get excited when they first And it; and third, the keeper can
easily see, without causing any disturbance, how the supply is hold-
ing out. All correct; but I'll be ofl-oxed enough to talk back to the
effect that/«i' other timen in the year the empty comb filled with syrup
(or honey) by means of the — well, call it the " in-tractor " — and put
right where it will do the most good— this going-to-be improvement is
one of the good things which the future has in store for our craft.
Page S6.

A "NEBVr " EBBOB.

In my corner, on page 88, read optic nerve instead of " optic
never."

A BBAVE sister AND OTHEBS.

Sister Wheeler's locality and climate (north end of Lake Cham-
plain) are certainly very trying to run an apiary in. Surplus very
late, and almost no pleasant weather from then till the opening of
spring. That she and others nevertheless " make the riffles " is quite
to their credit. Page 87.

HEAVT LOSS, BUT STILL CHEERFUL.

An excellent example of "count your mercies," we have on page
92. Losing all but 7 out of 148 (and the survivors with only a pint of
bees each) would make some of us grumble — some of us cry, possibly.
But here comes Mr. Hammersmark as our exemplar, crowing and con-
gratulating himself that now he is going to have exclusively such a
hardy and profitable strain of bees.

"CLOSE SPACING FOR WOBEEB-COMBS."

The British Bee Journal would not have had such a high and ex-
cellent reputation as it has did it always give such silly answers as
that quoted on page 99. Possibly it is meant that the frames are also
to be filled full of worker foundation. That would redeem it. Mere
slips of comb, less than a half an inch in thickness because the crevices
they were to fill didn't allow room for anything thicker, are often built
with cells of drone size. And spacing frames IV inches, or any other
distance, is no assurance that the combs, when finished, will be accord-
ing to guide, it they have starters only. If the bees want a drone-
comb they will build it, and crowd the next comb over to that extent —
sometimes omit the next altogether, or in part, and fill the space by
bulging from both sides.

EVEBT BEE-KEEPEB HIS OWN HIVE-MAKER.

Ah, dear Boss, don't you forget to remember that this whole
nation (except the culprits) is tender and excited on the subject of
trusts. If you even seem to favor their side but a little there will in-
stanter be lots of bees around your bonnet, if not in it. It you were
a guest in the Russian royal family you would not argue very much
in favor of the bomb-throwers — and you are in a somewhat similar fix
now. The cabinet-maker has already " dressed you down " for saying
that hives must be made with more accurate measurements than cabi-
net-makers and carpenters use — and here comes your friend and men-
tor to dress you some more for the logic in your first paragraph. If a
man makes his own hives with profit it most decidedly (loetm't follow
that he can make for others with stili more profit. He makes his own
hives with his own hands; but if he wishes to enlarge in that line the
vexatious question of hired help comes in and knocks everything end-
wise. Page 100.— [It is hardly necessary for us to say that we have
no use for trusts or combines that have for their object the raising of
prices unduly, and then keeping them elevated. V/e believe in the
motto, "Live and let live!" — Editob.]

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a two-cent stamp; 50
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed /r^,? at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal. _j

March 23. 19CS.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

233

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X)octor ZTttllcr's
Question '- Sox

J

Send Questions either to the ottico of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Dimensions for a Honey-House.

I intend to build a honey-house in the spring. It is to be a stor-
age-room, workshop and extracting-room combined, for a yard run
lor both comb and extracted honey. What size would you advise
building for an apiary of from SO to 100 colonies? New York.

Answer. — Rather hard to say ;
to have it 18x24 feet, two stories.

likely you'll find it none too large

Maple Syrup for Feeding— Puttlns Bees Out of the Cellar

1. Would maple syrup be good for feeding bees in the spring for
stimulative brood-rearing i

2. What is the best method to pursue in putting the bees on the
summer stands in the spring? I have 150 colonies in the cellar in good
condition, and I want to put them out very early in the morning,
about 3 o'clock. Qoebec.

Answers.— When the weather is warm enough so bees are Hying
every day it will do very well to feed maple syrup, or any other sweet
that Dees will take. No more should be fed, however, than will be
used up in brood-rearing. If, however, it be fed at a time when bees
can gather from the flowers, it will do little in the way of stimulating.

3. It will be all right to take bees out at night, or even the pre-
vious evening, provided the day following be favorable for them to
fly. If it should turn out a bad day the bees might fly out, become
chilled, and never return.

Bees Gnawing Starters in the Sections.

When double starters or full sheets of foundation are put in the
sections don't the bees gnaw the starters off ? I have been using the
small triangular piece a^ut yX-inch wide, but find that the bees very
often gnaw the piece entirely off, and often — very often — leave only
the thin line of wax where foundation had been attached to the sec-
tions. I have also noticed that wider and longer pieces of foundation
had been gnawed down to about '4 of the original size. I want to use
double starters above and below this season, but if my bees are to at-
tack them and gnaw and mutilate them as has often been done in the
past, I want to know how to correct this trouble. Virginia.

Answer. — I don't believe you need have any trouble of the kind.
I'll tell you what I know about it. In a full honey-flbw you will
probably find that there is no gnawing, no matter what the size of the
8tart«rs nor the kind of foundation. At the close of the harvest if
they have a chance they are likely to do more or less gnawing. The
thinner the foundation the more likely they are to gnaw. I prefer
thin-super foundation to extra-thin. They are more likely to gnaw a
little strip than a lirger piece. With starters above and below, and
not more than I4 inch between them, the bees seem to think their first
business is to fasten together the two pieces. For some reason they
do not gnaw before harvest as they do after, and I don't remember any
trouble even when sections were put on 10 days before needed. It you
use thin-super foundation, and fill the sections with upper and lower
starters, and then lake them off with reasonable promptness when the
season is over, I think your trouble will disappear.

Cleansing Flights— Bees and Fruit— Hybrids vs. Italians
-Weight of Hives.

In reading about the care of bees in the cellar I have often noticed
the caution not to leave them out too long when giving them their
cleansing flight, as they may start to brood-rearing, or they may not
do well in other ways.

1 Why should their ease be different from those that have been
on the summer stands all winter'

3. What are all the good points for the good of fruit-trees and
their fruit in having a near-by apiary to work the honey out of the
fruit-bloom, as 1 so often see advocated by the Government?

3. I have been experimenting since last spring with a hybrid col-
ony and some red clover Italians by close observation in every wa
and my judgment is that the Italians are superior in almost every •
spect. They gather more honey, build the combs just as even and fi 11
as the hybrids, are much more gentle, and, I believe, winter better, i»-
I put the Italians out of the cellar last week to give them a flight, ac.l
did not find over a hundred dead bees. To-day I am giving the hybrids
a flight, and find a full pint of dead bees on the t)Otlom-board. I be-
lieve it will pay one to stock up at least every two years with good se-
lect Italian queens.

4. In weighing or hefting a hive, about what percent ot the
weiffht would you consider other than honey or food for the bees J

^ MiSSOCKI.

Answers.— 1. I don't know. Sometimes we know a thing with-
out knowing why. There is also a oossibility that there may not be so
great a difference as supposed. We know, however, that bees are not
exactly in the same condition before corning out of the cellar as those
wintered out-doors. There is also a diHerence afterward, those from
the cellar not being protected by packing, usually.

2. I'm not sure that I understand. If you mean in what way are
we to secure all the good possible to the fruit from the bees, I don't
know of any special thing to be done other than to have plenty ot bees
not farther than a mile or so away.

3 You can't be too sure from a single case. Next time you may
happen to have a hybrid better than a pure colony. Yet your idea of
getting in fresh Italian blood is good.

4. I don't know. It will vary according to the varying weight of
the hive, cover and bottom-board. Empty combs vary no little, ac-
cording to age. One hive may contain much more pollen than another.
Find out as nearly as you can what your hives weigh with combs
heavy with pollen, and add to that 8 pounds for bees (you'll not often
And that many bees), then add 25 pounds more for honey for cellaring,

and 30 for out-doors.

. ^ . »

Dead Bees-Liquid Oozing from Hives.

I am a beginner in the bee-business. Last summer I bought 5 or
6 colonies of bees in box hives. Some of them had no frames at all.
Two were in dovetailed 8-trames hives with supers but no sections.
They did not store much honey, but seemed to have plenty to last over
wiDtcr

This has been a very cold winter here. Since Jan. 2 the tempera-
ture has gone all the way from 3 or 4 degrees below to 35 degrees be-
low zero. But at this time I think there are live bees in all the hives,
except possibly one. Last fall I tacked heavy carpet-paper snugly
around the hives and then placed straw and leaves around the north
and west sides about I3 ot the way up, and also underneath, as the
hives were about 6 inches from the ground on the summer stands.

I clean the snow out of the entrance at the bottom every day, and
find dead bees there. One of the colonies in the dovetailed hives seems
to be very strong, no super on, and the bottom entrance was very
small and constantly filled with ice from steam or condensation with-
in I have enlarged the entrance and find a great many dead bees. In
some of the hives they come out and try to fly when it is zero weather,
and from some others whenever it moderates a little liquid honey
oozes out at the entrance. .

I would be pleased to know what causes the honey to run out in
this way, especially in such cold weather.

[ like to work with bees, but have had no experience. I have been
reading the American Bee Journal since Jan. 1, and hope to gain some
information and instruction therefrom. Kansas.

Answer.— It is nothing out of the common for a comparatively
large number ot bees to die in winter, in every hive, from old age. It
isn't the best way to disturb the bees daily by raking out the dead.
Try to have it arranged another winter so this will not be necessary.
Better have a space ot two inches under the bottom-bars, and then it
the entrance is at the upper part ot this space there will be little dan-
ger of clogging the entrance. The vapor from the bees settles on the
walls of the hives in the form ot frost in considerable quantity, and
when this melts the water will run out of the entrance. Sometimes
the frost or moisture settles on the unsealed honey, and then sweet-
ened liquid runs out of the entrance, as in your case. You did well to
enlarge the entrance so as to allow free escape of the vapor and
foul air.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug-. 25. 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the ofBce of. the
American Bee JournaL

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters. ._»^,.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook ;
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to aU who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
It. Order from the ofiBce of the American Bee Journal.

See Langstroth Book Offer on another page of this
copy of the American Bee Journal.

234

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23. 1905.

PRAIRIE STATE

INCUBATORSANDBROODERS

acknowle(l|j:er) by experts t" be the
most profltalile maehJnea made.
' Winners of a85 First Prizes. Write
for free cRtRlnt; with proof and val-
uable Information for beplnners.

Prairie State Incubator Co,
Box :i".4 , Homer City, Pa.

Please menuon Bee joumai "wlien 'writizig^

TREES THAT GROW

Hardy varieties; yield
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Apple, 4Hc; Budded
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31

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(Jreatcst oat of the century.

Yielded in iihio 187, in fllichi-
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For 10c and this notice

we mail you free lota of farm seed
samples and our big catalog, tell-
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La Crosse,

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Keports anb
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Good Honey Crop— Advertising
Honey.

Last year I produced 2460 pounds, all ex-
tracted but about 200 pounds of section
honey. This was secured from 10 colonies,
spring count, and increased to 18 colonies, all
of which are wintering on the summer stands
with plenty of stores, and well packed. They
had a good flight Dec. 31, that being a beauti-
ful, warm day. But since then it has been
very cold, the mercury dropping down to 36
degress below zero one morning. So I think
that those who wintered their bees outdoors,
and did not pack them properly, will find in
the spring that they are no more.

I have about 1000 pounds of extracted
honey unsold at this time, and I find the mar-
ket very dull. Sol thought I would try the
" Honey as a Health-Food " pamphlets as a
medium of advertising. I mean to mail a
pamphlet to each of my friends and acquaint-
ances, and even inclose one in every business
letter I write. I hope this method will be
successful, and I think It will be. I expect
to increase my apiary to about 40 colonies
next season, and will probably double the
number of colonies for some years to come.

Sioux Co., Iowa, Feb. 6. G. Gletsteen.

Hoffman and Closed-End Frames-
Keeping Colonies Warm.

Overhearing a conversation lately between
a bee-keeper and a man named Jack, who
worked for him last summer, I thought I
would send it to you.

" Well, Jack, what do you think of the
Hoffman frame?"

" Well, boss, to tell the truth, in handling
it I can find no fault. It is a good spacer, but
in the extracting-room they don't like them at
all, and I think I heard Jim and Tim say
some very bad words about them."

" Well, Jack, what do you think about the
allclosed-end frame hanging crosswise in a
hive, keeping the bees warm in spring?"

" Well, boss, I don't know, but I think they

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before Highest quality guaranteed. We handle the
G. B. Lewis Co's goods. Italian Bees for sale in
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Send for Catalog'.

Leahu Mtg. Co., East St. Louis,llls.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Journal.

LOWEST RATES EAST

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With solid through trains to New York
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1— llA5t

March 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

235

would be even worse than the Hoffman tor
extracting. Still, they might be warmer in
spring for the bees, and I think a little too
warm in summer.''

■' Well, Jack, I will tell you what happened
to me some "JS years ago. I then used divis-
ion-boards, and put each colony on as many
frames as it could well cover every spring.
But I missed one, and although I had taken
out the spare combs, I forgot to put in divis-
ion-boards. When it was time to spread their
combs, and I came to this particular colony, I
found i combs and the bees in the middle of
the hive, but no division-boards, for I then
used 2 division-boards for every colony in
spring. I found some new comb started on
both sides of the 4 combs, but built on the
cover which was a flat one made of one board.
On lifting the combs out I found the 4 combs
were pretty well filled with brood— just as
well filled as any of the stronger colonies with
division-boards, for all my strongest colonies
were put on not more than 4 combs shortly
after being put on the summer stands. They
were left that way till about the middle of
May.

'• Now, Jack, I will tell you how this un-
looked-for dose of medicine acted upon the
division - board fever. At first I didn't
know which to do, put in division-boards or
fill out with combs, but I put in the combs.
In a few days I looked in, and to my surprise
they had new pollen and honey stored in the
very outside combs. Out came all the divis-
ion-boards from every colony, their hives filled
out with combs, and I was completely cured
of the division-board fever, and never used
them thereafter except when I wanted brood
in only a few combs.

" When I read articles about making hives
and frames to keep a colony of bees warm, as
lately advocated by Allen Latham, I must say
the dose acts with full strength, as it did
about 25 years ago. My aim now is to get
good colonies with plenty of young bees, a
good, young queen, and 30 or more pounds of
good, capped honey to go into winter quar-
ters, and they will keep themselves warm in
the spring.

" No, .Jack, I don't believe in those warm-
hive and warm-frame stories, but I believe in
eood colonies in the spring. Weak colonies
keep warm nowhere, while good colonies
keep warm anywhere, even in a hive made of
lumber X-iuch thick."

" Well, boss, this looks as it bee-keepers
ought to try to invent warm colonies instead
of warm hives and frames, for I don't believe,
myself, that a warm hive will keep warm un-

Otisville. Pa., Jao. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style Is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
dnced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

BEE-SUPPLIES ^

^^ Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices ^^

Best shipping-point in United States.

Special inducements on Bee-Hives. SSpage Catalog — good information for all

bee-keepers — free.

ASK ABOUT OUR FREE POCKET-MIRRORS.

CM. SCOTT & CO., E. a St. Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal when -writins

Important to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPtiY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of goods you want.
They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

j JOSEPH NYSEWANDER ^r5''/5*"6rw'7.h st Des Moines. Iowa h

^ 8^5t— 14ESt r

§ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. a

I ourHI-VES AMD SEOTIOITS |
I Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

S By sending in your order now, you willi SAVE MONEY, and

S secure prompt shipment.

0 Wt will allow y a cash disconnt of 3 percent on orders sent in during January.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us.a

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder " ^

BEE-Sg>PLIE5|

Root's Goods'at Root's rnces i

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Lrow Freight Rates. .-. .*. .'. Catalog Free.

^ One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every W

ifg^ shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw
j*t the offer.

#

WALTER S. rOUDER,

.513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Id^SrSsm^

236

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23. 1905.

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS li CHICAGO.

Best and Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Absd, Manager.

Having decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalog: and prices on Honey on application. If you want Cood Cioods
at Factory I^-ices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY

AND BEE
SUPPLY

CO.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Hone; Co.)

H. M. ARND, Mgr. 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

H^" Beeswax 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

GOOD DISCOUNTS ON EARLY ORDERS

COMPLETE STOCK OF BEE SU PPLIES- . LE*I S CO.S AT FACTORY PRICES

MUTH SPECIAL HIVE

THE BEST DOVE TAIL MADE

SEND FOR CATALOG.

WE ARE ALWAYS IN THE MARKET TO BUY HONEY--SU BM I.T FRICE.

THE FRED Vy. MUTH CO.

51 WALNUT STREET, ' . ^ , ■J^^--.-i'^'''<." CI NC*lN N^StI, OHIO:

Wisconsin Bassweod Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD riANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.
;A^^SA3A^^S3/s3^3^^5A05^2>s^ASA^A2>^3>^CZA^AZA^;A3A^/«3*^^a5*

Diumer's Foundaiion is m Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

ng Wax into Fouadatioa for Cash a Specialty.

DINGER & Co., Toronto, Out., Sole Agents in Canada for Diitmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

-FOK. "X-OXJR.-

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

-SEND TO THE-

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis. »

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders tUlJan. 1,1905. lA13t A

nease mention Bee jonm&l -when -wntmg

less a good, warm colony of bees is in it, but
still it may be locality. For instance, we bee-
keepers just a little this side of the North
Pole never lose any bees in winter. If feed-
ing has to be done, we raise the front of ihe
hive with an entrance-block, pour in the feed
and call it the best feeder that ever was in-
vented. Farther south they use good feeders,
but lose bees in winter."

" Well, Jack, you see they have an eye only
to surplus honey, while we in this poor bee-
country must have an eye to winter stores
first."

" Well, boss, you see it's all locality."

W. F. Fkitze.

St. Louis Co , Minn., Feb. 3.

Winter Losses May Be Heavy.

Bee-keepers here never do any wintering
in the cellar, and are very careless about pack-
ing for winter. The bees generally come
through all right, but I'm getting a little (ear-
ful this time. It has been a snug winter since
Jan. 1, and we had another blizzard yesterday.

I have 75 colonies on the summer stands,
and may lose 50 percent if this weather con-
tinues much longer. As our fall honey here
is very dark and heavy, it is not the best to
winter on with long confinement.

H. A. BrsHBT.

Republic Co., Kan., Feb. 12.

Results for Last Season.

I am wintering 40 colonies in 8-frame dove-
tailed hives in a cellar under the dining-room.
I wintered 32 colonies last winter, and sold 2
or 3 colonies during the past season, so you
will see that I was pretty successful in pre-
venting increase, (or which I have to thank
the Editor and writers of the American Bee
Journal.

My last season's crop was 900 pounds of
comb and 300 pounds of extracted honey. 1
have disposed of most o( the crop at very sat-
is(actory prices in three towns near by.

During our 21 years continued residence on
the (arm it has grown from 160 to 480 acres.
When we moved on it our family consisted of
my good wife, our baby boy ' months old,
and myself. Our "baby boy" is still at
home, although he is past 21 years of age,
and we also have a boy aged IS, and twin girls
aged 10, who are )otso( help to their mother
as well as to me, in helping to care for the
bees. W. H. Root.

Wayne Co., Nebr., Jan. 31.

Fastening Starters in Sections.

I notice a good many have trouble in fast-
ening starters in seciions. A good way is to
put the starters on before folding with hot
wax. First fill a 2 or 3 gallon kettle with
water and beeswax to within about one inch
of the top. Heat it till it begins to foam, and
then set it off on a work-bench over a lamp.
While the wax is healing cut the starters, lay
the sections all one way, and inside up, close
to the kettle. Pick up a handful of sections
and lay them on the kettle over the hot wax.
Now pick up a handful of starters, dip the
edge of a starter in the wax and put it where
it belongs quickly. Hold it up 2 or 3 seconds
so it will not lop over. Lay the seciions on a
4-foot board, side by side, until all are ready.
Set them to one side and fold and super at
your leisure. Try it. It is not necessary to
have the lamp unless you have a good many
sections to fix up. Alvah Reynolds.

Knox Co., 111.

Loss of Bees— Rains in Southern
California.

Judging from reports from bee-keepers in
Southern California, or lack of reports for the
past year, one would think this was not much
of a bee-country. But there are some bee-
keepers and a few bees left, though it has cost
considerable labor and some money to carry
the bees through a whole year by feeding.
The careless and faint-hearted, who keep bees
because they " board themselves " and allow
their owner to eat with them, have dropped
out because they have found that (such) bee-
keeping doesn't pay. I know of one man
who bad 65 colonies a year ago, and now he

March 23, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

237

u

DADAIfT'S FOUNDATIOI"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

X ., BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

has only one left, and a large supplj- of
wormy combs and cocoons. All died from
starvation.

Another who had 300 colonies in the moun-
tains, but lives in town, went out about the
middle of the summer to see what condition
they were io, found them on the point of
starvation, and before he could get sugar to
leed them, he lost 150 colonies. He fed the
rest well, and has lost but very few since.
Most of the real bee-keepers have carried their
bees through without a very great loss.

In my own apiary I have 82 colonies left
from a total of 103 a year ago. The loss has
been caused by loss of queens principally, as
there were no swarms and no drones to ferti-
lize the queens where queens were super-
seded. I have also lost a few by the depreda-
tions of " hoodlums."'

I have fed about 1500 pounds of honey and
sugar at a cost of $72— an average of about 90
cents per colony — and they have enough to
carry them through till honey comes in from
the fields. We have a very good prospect for
a honey crop, as there have been since the
last of December frequent and copious rains,
totaling 10.86 inches for the season, and the
season for winter rains is only about half
passed. In the mountains where most of the
honey is produced, there has been consider-
able more rain. F. C. Wiggins.

San Diego Co., Calif., Feb. 1.

Management with Box-Hives.

I secured a half ton of extracted and a half
ton of comb honey in 1904 from 40 colonies. I
now have 60 colonies, and am buying other
bees. I have 26 colonies in box-hives which I
wish to transfer to Higginsville hives m the
spring.

Last year I returned all swarms with clipped
queens, but even when I left a mature queen-
cell the bees invariably started other cells.
Then when the queen emerged and found the
other cells, out she came with a swarm.

1 want honey and not increase, and I would

B66"SUDDll6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a large stock and
greatest varietjof everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have oar Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCB FOR CATALOG

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,NeD.; Shngart & Onren, Council Bluffs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

Flease mention Bee Journal -wIikq -writiiut.

I Prompt Shipments |

^ Orders sent in now will be promptly shipped. We are equipped with modern 5^

^ machinery ; we buy only the best in raw material and have expert workmen turn ^

^ out the work. It is the equal of the best in the market, and we save you 25 percent S

^ on all kinds of BKE-SUPPLiIES. ^

f JOHN DOLL & SON, i

•2 Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. S

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal laYevtSi^.^.

238

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23, 1905.

like to know how to transfer the bees from
the box-hives, and also the latest method (or
working bees in movable-frame hives for sec-
tion honey.

The bees have ample stores of good honey.
They are in box-hives in the cellar, 20 in
double-walled, and the rest in dovetailed
hives. George R. Kelly.

Cooper Co., Mo., Feb. 6.

[Any of the standard bee-books give full
details tor transferring bees from box-hives
into movable-frame hives ; also by studying
such books, and this Journal from week to
week, any one will soon get the latest methods
of working for comb or section honey.— Ed.]

Foul Brood— Bees Wintering Well.

Bees did fairly well the fore part of last
season, but the middle and latter part they
did very little. I got no surplus honey last
year, and had to feed a great deal for winter
stores. I found some dead brood, which I
fear was foul brood and will make its appear-
ance again this year. If it is foul brood it is
something that never appeared in this locality
bfif ore

The bees seem to be wintering well, al-
though we are having rather cold weather,
the temperature being as low as 14 degrees
below zero at one time, and it is very cold to-
day.

Success to the American Bee Journal.

A. J. McBride.

Wayne Co., N. C, Feb. 16.

Rains in California.

We have the February rains I mentioned a
month ago, and now we look forward to the
March rains. If we get them our season will
be all a bee-keeper can desire. We will show
those Texans what California can do. We
have just had such abundant rains that even
it we did not get any in March, and but 2
inches or so in April, it would give us a good
crop of honey. Our winter has Iseen unusually
mild — only one or two frosts.

C. W. Datton.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., Feb. 23.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross In case complete.
In 5-ero88lot8, $4.00 per gross; less quamtities,
$4.S0 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

niLDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Ii« ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low in price. Fully guaranteed. 11 |J Siod ]

Send for free catalo(?ue. || fflr

aiHTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDKN/I. FniCltilOf D

DAVENPORT,

IOWA.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

G. B. Lewis Go's B-WARE,
Dadant's Foundation.

We can serve yon quick and save you
freight and express charges. Send us
your BEESWAX in exchange for other
goods. Send for our Catalog.

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS.

March 1st to April 15th

2 percent Discount.

Dovetailed Hives from Michigan White Pine,
$1.25 each, W-story for comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive andlBox Go.

lOAtf LANSINQ.MlCtl.

BEE=B00K5

BENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling hpw he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used In the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, tl.OO.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only In-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly pracu-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinear
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant.— This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & K. K.
Boot. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care ol
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.20
•

ScientLBc Queen-Bearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-lsees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
"Jound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
60 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

3

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce.— Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

The BEST RASPBERRY

ia Plum Farmer, early, larRC, enormously
productive. Catalog of raspberry, Btraw.
berry and other berry plaoto free. Write.
L. J. FARICER, PULASKI, NEW TORK

For Qoeens

SEND TO J

JOHN W. PHARR |

Berclair. Tex. 1

He will furnish at same prices as last year;
Tested, $1; Untested. 75c; 5 for $3.25; 10 for
$6 ; 15 for $8.25 ; 25 for $12^50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is •
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice. ■
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf 1

Please meutlon Bee Journal trtasn ymvjxe

Basswood Trees. I

8 to 10 feet, 25 cents; 6 to 8 feet, 20 cents; 4 to
6 feet, 15 cents. G. W. PETRIE.
10A3t FAIRMONT, MINN.

En§ravln§sForSale

"We are accumulatiag- quite a stock of eu^rav-
In^s that have been used ia the American Bee
Jonrnal. No doabt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having*
made and usin^ in our columns. If there is any
of onr eng^raving^s that any one would like tr
have, just let us know and we will quote a ver>
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. TORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILI,

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE ^^

SO lbs. or over, at 5 cents per pound. Address,
5A9t JOStPH SHAW; StrongClty, Kans.

Where Honesty Paid.— Near Shenan-
doah, in the famous Iowa corn-belt, lies
Sleepy Hollow Farm. Here, some 11 years
ago, a young market gardener concluded that
instead of confining his efforts to gardening
for the consumer, he might as well be raising
seed for the producer. Having been raised a
gardener, his early experience and training
rendered him peculiarly adapted to the busi-
ness of a seedsman ; to anticipate the needs
and avoid causing the trouble and annoyance
which so often vex the patience of the truck
farmer. At the start he determined that only
reliable seeds should be sold under his name,
and only those he could guarantee; that full
measure, just weight, and true description
should be the rule. He began by making his
neighbors his first customers, and they soon
discovered that in him they had a man who
could always be depended upon to furnish
nothing but honest goods. They spread the
news to others, and the ever widening circle
of pleased patrons necessitated the steady in-
crease of his facilities, until now the name of
Henry Field, Seedsman, or, as he is often
called, the " Ear Seed Corn Man ", is known
far and wide among farmers and gardeners
throughout the Middle West. His annual
catalog is a mine of information on seed sub-
jects, and a carefully prepared list of good
things to be found in the " Red Packet " seed
packages, red packet being Mr. Field's method
of identifying the seeds shipped from his es-
tablishment. Before purchasing seed it is
worth while securing a copy of Mr. Field's
catalog, which he sends free of charge, and
becoming acquainted with the good things he
offers. The 1905 edition is now being sent
out. Please mention the American Bee Jour-
nal when writing.

The Emerson Binder

ThlB Emerson stiff-board Binder witk cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bat 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It la
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no farther binding is necea-

"" QEOROE W. YORK & CO..

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, II.Ii|

March 23. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

239

rB66§iiPPii6V

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest^ Prices

We have been making- Bee-
nives. Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catai^g
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illlnoii.— The WePtern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Assoclatioa will hold its spring meeting' April
5, in the Connty Court Room, in Galesburg-.
Seasonable subjects will be discussed. Each
meeting so far has been more interesting* than
the previous one, and we hope to continue that
way. We earnestly invite all who are interested
in this industry who are within easy reach of
Galesbnrg, to be at this meeting.

E. v. Woods, Sec.

Michigan.— The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will meet in Lady Macca*
bees Ball, at Central Lake, Wednesday and
Thursday, April 5 and 6, 1905. Hotel rates will
be, The Tavern, $1.50 per day. Editors A.I.
Root and W. Z- Hutchinson will be present;
also E. D. Townsend, Geo. E. Hilton and a num-
ber of other practical apiarists of Northern
Michigan. If yon have never attended a con-
vention let us suggest that yon try it for once^
and yon will have a higher opinion of your call-
ing when you leave. W. Mohrmann, Sec.

Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, Pres.

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers^ Association
will hold its spring convention in the Mayor's
Oflace, City and County Building, April 7, at 10
a.m. All are invited. Matters of great interest
to bee-keepers, and horticulturists will be con-
sidered. Cache Valley's experience of killing
the bees by poison spraying in the bloom must
not be repeated. Jot down your thoughts on
this or any other question, and bring or mail
the same. G. E. Garrett, Sec.

E. S. LoVESY, Pres.

HONEY AND BEE5WAX

When consigning, buving or selling, consuU

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South WATER St. Chicago. Ill,

Wb 8eLL Root's Qoods in Michiqan

Let ns quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bkll Branch, Watnk Co., Mich

If you want the Bee-Bool(

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cookp Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount* to the Trade.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COmrilTE STOCK FOB 1905 lOW 01 HUD.
FREIGHT BITES FBOH CIHCnUliTI IBE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREI6HT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCrNNATL

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

It^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- Bccstpax-f

vt=

Chicago, March 8.— There has been some*
what of an increase in the number of sales dur-
ing' the past 4 weeks, yet the volume has not
been larg-e, while prices are if anything- lower
than in January, especially on other grades
than wbite clover. Fancy grades of white comu
bring 12M@t3c; No.l,l2c, with some off in color
at ll@ll?^ cents; amber grades slow at 8@10c.
Extracted, white, 6@7c; amber, 5K@6!^c; the
price being governed by quality, flavor and
package. Beeswax, if clean and good color, 30c
per pound. R. A. Burnbtt Si Co.

Nbw York, March 11. — There is no improve-
ment in the comb honey situation. The demand
Is next to notbing; quotations nominal and no
doubt some of the stock will have to be carried
over. We quote fancy at 13c; No. 1 at from
ll@12c, and dark at from 9@10c. Extracted is
in fair demand: White at from 6@6^c; light
amber at 5Hc; Southern in barrels from 50@57c
per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm
at 29c. RZLDRBTH A Sbgblken.

Boston, March ''.—The demand for comb
honey still continues light with heavy stocks
on hand. Fancy white, lS@16c; No. 1, 14c. Ex-
tracted, 6@8c, according to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, Feb. 25. — The honey market is
still very lax, with scarcely any movement at
all; the best white comb stock, 24 section cases,
is selling here at $2.25 per case. Extracted
moving all the way irom 4Ji@6^ic per pound,
according to quality. We look for an improve-
ment. Beeswax in good demand at 28c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, O., March 8. —The comb honey
market has been a drag the last month; this
caused the holders to offer extra inducements
in prices. Quotations obtained are as follows:
No. 1 fancy water-whtte comb, 12@13c; No, 2,
1054@llKc. Extracted: white clover in barrels,
dHcx in cans, 7K@8 cents; amber, in barrels,
SJ4@S5ic; incan8,6@6Hc. Beeswax, 27c.

C. H. W. Webkr

Philadblphia, March 10.— Since our last
quotations, honey has been graduallr declin-
ing, and at the end of the season for comb
honey especially, commission men and holders
are offering at most any price to clear out their
stock. Fancy white, 14c; No. l,ll@12c: amber,
IDc. Extracted, while, 7@8c; amber. 5fS6 cents.
Beeswax, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Albant, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.

We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12@13c;
mixed, 10@llc; buckwheat. 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand: 1 Buckwheat, 6@6Hc; white,
6@6Hc. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R, Wright.

San Francisco, March 8.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, ll@12 cents; amber,8®10c. Extracted,
white, b@6H cents; light amber, 4M@5Mc; am-
ber, 3)^@4%c; dark amber, 3@3Mc. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Not much strictly choice water white honey
on the market, either comb or extracted, but
there is considerable amber stock, including
some from the Hawaiian Islands. For ordinary
grades the market is easy in tone, with demand
slow,

Cincinnati, March 10— There is little, if any,
improvement in the honey market here, since
our last quotation. We hope to render a more
encouraging report soon. We quote amber ex-
tracted honey in barrels and cans at SH®6Hc*
White clover at 7@8c. Fancy white comb at
12(^13c. Beeswax, 28c.

Thb Frbd W. Muth Co.

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, pra'ctical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILL

240

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 23, 190S.

11 MILES OF CATALOGS.

If the entire edition of Lewis' Catalogs were placed singly in a straight row they would

extend a distance of eleven miles.

New Agent

at Le Mars, llfJi

y

SNew Agent
at Chicago,
Illinois ###

A

OUR FIRST EDITION IS NOW EXHAUSTED, AND SECOND EDITION

IS READY.

4fe

New Agent

AT

San Francisco
California

^

^

New Agent

AT

San Antonio
Texas ###

^

THIS MAKES NEARLY 10 MILLION PAGES ISSUED THIS SEASON

DESCRIBING LEWIS' GOODS.

Secure a copy of our
New 1905 Catalog a:

BEWARE

where: you buy your

BEEWARE

WIS!

[WATCRTOWN,

MAKES THE FINEST

The Best Guide
to reliable goods ^

(i.B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

Cl\ncnca;7

i» V V' .

Bee 3ournai

45th Year.

^ M M

^

CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 30, 1905.

APIABT OP H. GIBSON, OF ONTARIO, CANADA.
(See page 344.)

HOME APIARY or F. Z. DKXTER, OF RICHLAND CO., WI8.

-liM^H

V4i't'4M^i

No. 13.

%»

m

f'4'3»'4lT''rfJ

242

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30. 190S.

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bbh Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-

"'"'^^ C.C.MILLER,

Of Illinois.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,

Of New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A.J. COOK,

Of California.

Semi-monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleanings in Bee Culture,
6 months, 25c.

We are certain that any one inter-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 2Sc. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

Enclosed find 25 cents, for wblclx
send me Gleanlng-s In Bee Cul-
ture G moatlia.

NAME

P.0 :..].

COUNTY

STATE

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken from our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The busiDess for many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for The A. I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A. I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers and Friends :

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

George W. York & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences oflFered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnne — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit.

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

DANZENBAKER HIVE.

"Facts About Bees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent on receipt of a 2-cent stamp to pay the postage. Send tor it.

m Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE.
Three Points of ExeeUenee :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SPHSCIA-Xj N-OTICH!

The great popularity of the Danzenbaker hive has brought the shallow brood-frame and the
tall plain sections into prominence. It must be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything josir
RIGHT, so you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any ol our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, 111.

Si&&e&&&&e'&^&&&&^&&&&&^s^^^^&@&&4s>-&&&&&&&&&&e^^&&&&&&&&&^

Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published YVeekly at 91.00 at Tear by Cieorge W^. York &. Co., 3S4 UearboruSt.

QBORaB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH 30, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No, 13.

(Sbttorial Hotes
anb Comments

J

The National and Incorporation

Mb. Editor:— You ask (page 19"), referring to incorporation,
" Will the Association take any advantage of the added power and
responsibility?" Take the case mentioned, page 197. When repara-
tion was desired, and the National was asked, " Are you incorporated!"
if it had been incorporated, do you, or don't .you, think the Associa-
tion would have taken advantage of its power to say " Yes?"

C. C. Miller.

We "don't know." Perhaps it would have done so. But it never
did take any advantage of incorporation when it was incorporated,
some years ago. Would it do so now, it incorporated?

Alfalfa In the South

To those who are used to thinjting of alfalfa as a permanent crop
lasting .50 years without re-seeding, it sounds strange to hear the
Sugar Planters' Journal say that in the sugar districts alfalfa generally
requires re-planting each year, owing to other grasses crowding it out.
" But the fact remains," it continues, " that with three to six cuttings
annually it pays to sow each year."

" There are sugar planters who have been planting alfalfa for
years," and it would be interesting to know whether these planters
have noted that bees have taken any interest in the blossoms.

Comb Foundation from the RIetsche Press

A sample of this has been received from Adrian Getaz, the man
who makes the presses. It would probably be classed as heavy brood,
and it is not likely that foundation suitable for sections could be pro-
duced on this press. In Europe, where thousands of Rietsche presses
are in use, very little section honey is produced. For some reason the
Incipient cell-walls are much more distinct on one side than the other.
The foundation has a soft feeling, like that formerly produced on the
Given press, and would no doubt be very promptly accepted by the
bees. Those who care to make their own brood foundation could at
least make the experiment at a very small outlay.

Freezing Worse In Cellar than Outdoors for Bees

In a locality where the temperature never goes lower than 10 or 12
degrees above zero, one would never think of putting bees in a cellar,
yet in colder localities a cellar would be considered unfit to winter bees
if it should ever go as low as that, or even within 20 degrees of it. If
It be so very bad in a cellar, why not just as bad outdoors? After dis-
cussing the question quite fully in the American Bee-Keeper, Frank
W. Proctor says :

To sum up : A fall of temperature to the freezing point leaves
the outdoor bees much more comfortable and better able to maintain
their normal temperature than those in the cellar because (1) the air
in the outdoor hives is much drier, and (2) because the bees outside
have occasional opportunities for evacuating the waste arising from
any excess of food they may have to consume during cold spells.

Bee-Culture in the Department of Agriculture

Through the kindness of Mr. Frank Benton, in charge of Apicul-
ture in the United States Department of Agriculture, we have re-
ceived a copy of the Report of the Entomologist, Mr. L. O. Howard,
for 1904. In it we find the following referring to the

WORK IN BEE-CULTURE.

A great increase in correspondence on all topics relating to apicul-
ture so far occupied the time of the single investigator in this line that
original investigations had to be limited. This correspondence cov-
ered nearly every phase of the subject, and came from all parts of the
country, indicating a very general increase in the interest in this
branch, and often required special letters of some length to elucidate
the information needed. Frequent assistance was rendered teachers
connected with the public schools and normal institutes where the
natural history of the honey-bee, and in some instances elementary
instruction in the general methods of bee-management, formed a part
of the course. Advice was also given in some instances to agricul-
tural colleges contemplating the institution of special courses in api-
culture.

A small number of choice queens of the Cyprio-Carniolan cross,
which has proven such an excellent one for the arid regions of the
South and West, were sent out. The extremely dry season in South-
ern California has given a severe test of the remarkable energy shown
in honey-collecting by all crosses containing Cyprian blood; and
while it has been necessary in many apiaries, in order to prevent star-
vation of the colonies, to feed a large proportion of the Italians and
hybrids which are chiefly kept in that part of the country, reports
have been sent in showing that 30 to 40 pounds of honey per colony
have been found in the same apiaries in hives whose queens were
largely of Cyprian blood.

The comparative test between the Caucasians and other types of
bees, including Cyprians, Carniolans, Italians, and various crosses be-
tween these types themselves, and also with accidental matings with
black drones, has been continued. The conclusion was reached that
the Caucasian race was by far the gentlest honey-bee that has ever
been brought to this country. Every manipulation necessary in the
apiary can be performed with Caucasian colonies with the use of the
bee-veil, and only in rare instances has it been necessary to apply
smoke to control them. Very small quantities were then employed.
Under nearly all circumstances it would almost be believed by all ob-
servers that these bees were stingless. The test regarding their honey-
producing qualities has not been as conclusive, since the past year
was, in general, a poor one in this region. However, in so far as the
comparison extended, it was found that they held their own in honey-
gathering by the side of the Carniolan race, although not equaling in
this respect the Cyprian crosses mentioned above.

The revival in various newspapers of stories relating to the manu-
facture and marketing of comb honey has called for repeated denials
and a plain statement of the absurdity of the whole matter, as well as
the great injury it was working to the apiarian industry of the coun-
try. The newspapers and other publications which had inadvertently
been led to publish these inaccuracies have nearly always been very
ready, upon a proper presentation of the ease, to insert a correction.
Particular attention has been drawn to the fact that it would cost far
more, by any process whatever, to produce a wax, or imitation-wax
comb, fill it with honey, or any mixture designed to resemble honey,
and then seal it over ready for the market, than it would to maintain
and care for an apiary of the required number of colonies to produce
through the agency of the bees themselves the same quantity of nat-
ural honey. This shows at once the absurdity of the claim that the
greater part, or any part, of the comb honey on the market is an
artificially manufactured product. This showing has also been fol-
lowed by a statement of the fact that a reputable firm has for 20 years
oflered to forfeit SIOOO to any person who could produce artificially an
imitation of comb honey which would deceive any person when com-
pared with combs that are filled and sealed by the bees themselves.

Early in the fiscal year tjie apicultural investigator tisited the arid
regions of the Southwest, making an extended inspection of apiaries
over the whole of Southern California, and further investigations in
the central and northern parts of the State, with a somewhat cursory
view of the conditions of the industry in Oregon, Washington, and

244

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30, 190S.

Montana. The conclusions resulting from this tour were to the effect
that the introduction of various types of bees adapted in each instance
to the respective climates and peculiarities of these regions, together
with the introduction of certain honey-plants from other portions of
the world, which, from similarity of climate, etc., would be certain to
thrive in the portion of the country visited, would result in a very im-
portant increase in the honey-production of the West. The execution
of this work is therefore advisable in the near future.

In the same way the Bureau will be able during the fiscal year
1904-5 to devote more attention to apiculture than has hitherto been
possible. It is proposed as a first step during this fiscal year to estab-
lish a model apiary of 50 or 60 colonies of bees at the Arlington Experi-
mental Farm. This apiary will be used in the general conduct of api-
arian investigations, and as one of the breeding stations of the races
or types of bees which are under observation. Queens of the Cau-
casian, Cyprian, Dalmatian, Italian, and Carniolan races will be im-
ported for breeding purposes and testing at experimental stations and
other places in different sections of the country. Some investigations
will be made, and possibly an importation of the bees of the far East,
particularly of the large races commonly known as the Giant Bees of
India, one species of which is also found in the Philippines. It is be-
lieved that these bees would secure the nectar from flowers with deep
corolla-tubes, such as the red clover, etc., the sweets in which are, for
the greater part, beyond the reach of our ordinary races.

Plans have been made for the procuring and testing in different
parts of the country of a number of valuable honey-producing plants
which are known to be adapted to portions of our country where in-
tervals in the honey-flows occur which may thus profitably be filled in.
In this work preference will be given to such plants as have an eco-
nomic value besides their production of honey.

Numerous complaints of the devastation of apiaries in different
portions of the country by diseases, some of which are highly conta-
gious, call for an investigation of the whole subject of bee-diseases.
Some'of these diseases can be dealt with during the coming fiscal year,
but others, of a bacterial nature, will require a more extended investi-
gation than the funds will permit at present.

It seems desirable to test the efficiency of artificial heat in the win-
tering und rapid breeding up of bees. The apiary at the Arlington
Experimental Farm will be available in this work. Likewise the con-
struction and testing of hives and accessories adapted to migratory
bee-keeping.

In addition to the experimental work enumerated above, the col-
lection of data regarding the industry in the United States, and par-
ticularly as to the honey-producing plants of the country, will be con-
tinued. Bulletins on pasturage for bees and the manner of increasing
it, with cultural and other notes on new honey-producing plants; on
best methods of rearing queen-bees ; and on migratory or pastoral bee-
keeping, have been planned. A limited number of queens of im-
proved races will also be reared and placed for testing at the various
experiment stations which do work in apiculture, and likewise in the
hands of special agents for testing in particular sections of the country.

Surely, the Department has outlined some exceedingly interesting
and important experiments and investigations in behalf of the bee-
keeping industry of our country. We hope to receive reports of prog-
ress from time to time, so that we can keep our readers informed of
the apiarian work our Government is doing under the direction of
Mr. Frank Benton, who is its very competent Apicultural Investigator.

ITIisccUancous
IXeiPs •:♦ 3 terns

=j

" Bee-Keeping in the Southwest " — a subject on which
Louis H. SchoU is writing a series of articles for the American Bee
Journal — has been discontinued for the present, first, on account of the
illness of Mr. SchoU, and also because of his extra college work in
Columbus, Ohio, where he has been spending the past winter. Mr.
Scholl is a devoted student, and has applied himself so constantly to
his studies that it has resulted in overwork, although it has also put
him ahead of his fellow students, so that he completed the term's work
in advance of the others. He has gone to Texas, where he will put in
his time with the bees during the summer, and also help prepare for
the meeting of the National Bee-Keepers' Association at San Antonio
in the fall. As soon as he is physically able, and his duties will per-
mit him to reach it, he will continue his articles for this Journal.

The General Manager of the National, Mr. France, sent
in the following interesting items, March 17:

Another victory for the National Bee-Keepers' Association. The
city of Kirkwood, 111., passed an unconstitutional ordinance that not
over 5 colonies of bees could be kept on any city lot. A purely spite
case. One hundred colonies will be moved in the spring, now that the

matter is settled. This saves neighbors, and betters the home market
lor honey.

Again, I have received some syrup samples issued by the Syrup
Refinery Co. They have the best labels for honey I ever saw, and very
cheap. They are in five colors, showing clover leaves and clover heads
with bees working on them, all life size on the labels, and in bright
colors. I hope before the time for the National members to market
their honey to get such labels before the members, as I am after any-
thing to help them sell their honey near home.

Good honey prospects are reported from California, Colorado,
Texas, and Cuba.

Northern bees are reported wintering well, also good clover pros-
pects.

It has been decided to hold the next National convention in San
Antonio, Tex. N. E. France.

Apiary of H. Gibson. — Four little views of Mr. H. Gibson's
apiary appear on the first page. He had this to say about them when
sending us the pictures:

I enclose four snap-shots of my apiary.

No. 1 is a swarm of bees just hived, which covers the front of the
hive and quite a space on the ground.

No. 3 is my son and myself, where I scraped up two handf uls of
bees from the swarm shown in No. 1. You will see we have no veils
on, and are barehanded.

No. 3 shows my wife and apiary. j

No. 4 shows the back of the house and part of the apiary. fl

H. Gibson. "

Apiary of F. Z. Dexter. — This is shown on the first page.
When sending the picture, Mr. Dexter wrote thus :

As some of the noted bee-keepers are getting pictures of their
apiaries in the papers, how would ours look? You might ask what we
are noted for. Well, for reading the old American Bee Journal every
week. I send a picture of our home yard that was taken some time
ago. You can easily recognize the "old man," and my son and oldest
daughter are the other persons in the picture. My place is named
" Pine View." F. Z. Dexter.

Hurrah for Missouri Bee-Keepers ! — Just a little too late
to catch last week's issue, we received the following from Mr. R. A.
Holekamp, of Missouri, which will be read with great interest by the
bee-keepers of that State :

Dear Mr. York : — I send you to-day good news for the bee-
keepers of Missouri. Our Apiary Bill has now been passed by both
Houses of our Legislature, and as it has an emergency clause, and an
appropriation of S2000 has been made in the general appropriation for
the purpose of this Bill, it will become effective as soon as signed by
our Governor.

If an inspector of apiaries can be selected and appointed during
the next month, he could probably start on his work of inspection by
the time the bees begin to gather honey, and good work ought to be
done this season.

I wish to thank you for the assistance you have given us by pub-
lishing my former communications in the valuable American Bee
Journal. Robt. A. Holekamp,

Assistant Secretary Missouri Utate Bee-Keepers' Association.

We congratulate Missouri bee-keepers upon their success. It shows
what persistent and determined effort will sometimes do when put
forth in a righteous cause. It will also be an encouragement to other
States that should have similar legislation.

Later. — We have just learned that Gov. Folk has vetoed the
above Bill after having passed both branches of the Legislature.
More about this next week.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a l6-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking- Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; SOO for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the ofiBce of the American Bee Journal.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the oflice of. the
American Bee Journal.

March 30, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

245

=\

©pinions •:♦ of
Some (Experts

J

spring and Fall Price of a Colony of Bees

Qnes. 2-t — What do you consider a fair price for an average colony
of bees in a good, 8-frame Langstroth hive, (or a hive of about the samf
capacity) — (a) In the spring? {b)Inthefallf

C. H. DiBBEBN (111.)— a. J5. b. $4.
R. L. Tatlok (Mich.)— a. $5. b. U.
Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— a. §10. b. %o.
Adbian Getaz (Tenn.)— a. $4. b. $3.
L. Stachelhausen (Tex.)— a. $3. b. $3.
EnoENE Secor (Iowa)— a. $5. b. $2.50.
Wm. McEvot (Ont.)— a. $3.50. b. $2.50.
Morgan Bros. (8. Dak.)— a. $5. b. $3.50.

E. E. Hasty (Ohio) — This can only be an approximation, a. $5.
b. $4.

Jas. a. Stone (111.)— a. Italians, $7; blacks, $5. b. Italians, $6;
blacks, $4.

S. T. Pettit (Ont.)— a and b. Whatever it will bring when placed
upon the market.

N. E. France (Wis.)— a. $3.50 to $4.50. b. $3to $3. In Wiscon-
sin this is what they sell for.

G. M. Doohttle (N. Y.)— a. $3 to $6, according to the strain or
" breed " of the bees. b. $2 to $5.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— a and b. From $5 to $8, depending
upon locality and upon supply and demand.

Arthur C. Miller (R. I.)— a. $7. b. $3 to $5, depending upon
condition. Fall condition is more vital than that of spring.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — a. In the spring, $5. b. In the autumn
little if any less, as bees always winter here, if they are healthy and
have food.

J. H. Hambaugh (Calif.) — This is a hard question to answer.
There are so many varied conditions. All the way from $5 per colony
down to $3.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)— a. $4. b. $3. These prices are based on
common financial ideas and practices. On a true moral basis they
should be twice that.

Mrs. J. M. Ncll (Mo.) — a. $5. b. $3. I infer for the purpose
of stocking is what the value is based upon. These figures might be
reversed if value of honey is to be considered.

E. D. TowNSEND (Mich.) — Supposing the hive that contains the
colony to be worth $1 — a. $4. b. $3. This is about what they can be
bought for. I do not know what they are worth.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.)— I don't know. It's like other things, a
variable quantity, depending upon supply and demand, varying in
different years and places from (a) $3 to $10. b. 0 to $6.

C. P. Dadant (111.) — a and b. I would not answer in dollars and
cents because so much depends upon circumstances, but if I were to
buy, I would pay 25 percent more in the spring than in the fall.

O. O. POPPLETON (Fla.) — From $3 to S5, but this depends much
upon locality, etc. They would usually be worth at least a dollar
more in the spring thin in the fall, but it is difficult to fix any standard
price.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — a. and b. My prices vary according to
how bees winter and come through the spring. But, as a rule, I con-
sider an average colony worth a third more in late spring than the
previous fall.

J. A. Green (Colo.)'— It will depend largely upon circumstances.
a. S3 to .<i5. b. About 50 cents less. In a locality where wintering
losses are apt to be heavy, the spring value might easily be a half more
than the fall value.

P. H. Elwoou (N. Y.)— Bees in box-hives, $3 in fall ; $3 in spring.
Add price or value to you of hive with super and foundation, if any.
If you are using or selling to a man who uses Langstroth hives, S5
would be a fair price or value from cost standpoint. However, bees
are usually sold below cost, as is much of the honey also.

G. W. Dbmaree (Ky.) — a and b. This is a question hard to an-
swer satisfactorily. The price of honey-bees is governed by the laws
of supply and demand as much so and more than most salable prod-
ucts. Bees sell in my locality at farm sales (10-frame hives) in spring-
time at from S3 to $3 per hive; and at least 25 percent less in the fall.

E. S. LovESY (Utah)— a. That depends largely upon existing con-
ditions, and as the indications for a good honey crop, owing to the

heavy snow fall, are above the average in the greater portion of this
State, I would consider $4 a reasonable price for a single-story
colony, or $6 for a 3-story one. b. The value would be at least one-
third less.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.)— a. and b. That depends entirely upon how
many l»es there are in the hive, how much honey they have on
hand, kind and breeding of the queen, and her age, etc. It is as im-
possible to fix the price of a colony of bees for different localities of
the United States as it would be to fix the price of a pound of fresh
flsh or a dozen clams.

-V (Eontributcb -f
Special drticles

=\

Making a Honey Market— Retailing Honey

BY C. P. DADANT.

WHEN so many apiarists are asking themselves what
to do to dispose of their honey, it may not be amiss
to examine what is done in other countries. The fol-
lowing statement taken from the S wiss Bulletin de la Societe
Romande d'Apiculture for December, 1904, will probably be
read with interest :

To produce hundreds upon hundreds of pounds of honey is very
nice and very good. But we must dispose of it in some way. To-day
our members are relieved of the anxiety ; in fact, for a few years past
our section of the Neuchatel Association busies itself actively with the
disposal of our crop.

When fall comes we keep a " honey market " in the city of Neu-
chatel ; some years, if the fruit crop has failed, the " market " is held
in September, and if the abundance of honey permits of it the " mar-
ket " is renewed in December. This year the stone-fruits having been
plentiful, we have preferred to hold the " market " in October.

A few insertions in the local papers, announcing the coming mar-
ket, are published as early as September, to advise the housekeepers
that they will be able to secure a supply of good honey for winter.

It is a pleasure to see the housewives come at the appointed date
to have their pails and pots filled.

Allow me to give you a few details upon the organization of our
market ; the experience of some ten years has taught us how to man-
age its workings, and we are now well pleased with it.

We need first to secure a building sufficiently large to accommo-
date the handling of the stock on hand, and another in which the sale
may be carried on, so as not to be obstructed by the clients. The Asso-
ciation in this matter is very much favored by a friend of our bee-
keepers, who rents to us obligingly some very good rooms in a central
part of the city, and in close proximity to the vegetable market.

The day preceding the sale we receive the honey of the members.
The members of the honey-market committee weigh the pails brought
and verify the contents, which must be liquid and free from impuri-
ties. Then they proceed to the putting up in tins containing 1, 3, 4, 5
and 10 pounds, and on each tin is gummed the label of the Associa-
tion. During the two days of the honey-market we also make an
ooen sale— that is, we fill any and all receptacles brought by pur-
chasers for that object. A large tank containing 450 pounds, put up
on a stand and supplied with a faucet of large size, gives excellent
service. The handling of the honey is much facilitated by this tank,
which we did not have at the outset. The unsold honey is afterwards
put up in tins of different sizes, and with guarantee labels over the
cover and deposited in our three agencies in the city, these taking
charge of the sale thereafter for a commission of 10 percent. The
empty pails are weighed and returned to their several owners. The
cashier balances up the accounts and makes a first distribution of cash
during December ; the balance is paid after the agents have concluded

The organizing of such a " market " as we keep requires a mutual
understanding and some good-will on the part of the producers and
of the salesmen. The task of the cashier or treasurer is often difficult,
and yet, in spite of the imperfections of our methods, we are usually
rewarded for our trouble by a large sale of honey. The prices, of
course, have quite an influence on the amount which may be sold dur-
ing the two days of the "market." During the years when honey is
cheap we see among our customers many working people who desire
to become acquainted with the taste of honey, while, on the other
hand, this year, for instance, as the honey had to be sold at 30 cents
per pound, we have not been able to take advantage of the custom of
the small purses who consider honey at this price as a luxury, which
must not be consumed unless sickness demands it. It is to be re-
gretted that we must raise the prices at times, for the production is
ever on the increase, and we must increase the demand also. Yet I
would not wish to be understood as being in favor of lowering prices
too much— that is, I do not wish to see the Associations sell at a price
below 16 cents— it would be a mistake, because the expense incurred
in organizing the market causes a reduction of 3 to 3 cents per pound
on the returns to the producer.

Let us. however, not forget the useful side of this market, which
is causing good honey to be more and more known and appreciated in
all classes of society. The beginning is often difficult ; the public

246

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30, 190S.

does not come at once, but by renewing this annual advertisement —
this method of popularizing the consumption of honey — we slowly
create a good clientele that will remain faithful to the Association,
and will return annually to the honey market. E. Bonhote.

It is, of course, more difficult to follow this method in a
sparsely settled country like the United States than in
Switzerland, where honey-producers are in great numbers,
but not extensively, engaged in bee-culture. But I believe
there are some hints in the doings of Europeans. There are
many things in which we could imitate them. For instance,
their street fairs in small cities twice or three times a year,
are the means of helping trades and purchases of all kinds.
Whoever wants to buy a horse, a cow, or sell one, goes to
the street fair and is sure to find all sorts of bargains. So
it might be with honey-sales. If local bee-associations in
the neighborhood of large centers would take advantage of
the cheapest means of advertising, and let the people know
that good honey — honey known to be pure, and guaranteed
by their local association — would be offered for sale on cer-
tain days at certain points, there would probably be enough
sale and enough additional advertising in those " markets "
to prove very beneficial to the fraternity. Many people
hesitate to buy honey because they fear adulteration, and
many of these would probably go readily to get their supply
from a local association that was known to represent the
honest producer of pure honey.

Is not this matter worth considering ?

Hancock Co., 111.

#

Shaking of Bees for Comb-Honey Production
Without Any Increase

BY L. STACHELHAIISEN.

ON page 19 I find an editorial note saying that the plan
for making shaken swarms is at least 39 years old.
There has been a general misunderstanding in this re-
spect for about five years, when the making of shook
swarms commenced to receive the attention of American
bee-keepers.

The plan of making artificial swarms by shaking or
brushing the bees off of the combs is nearly as old as
the movable comb itself. I have made such swarms ever
since I commenced bee-keeping, 38 years ago, and saw other
bee-keepers make them some years before that. It is the
same thing as the driving of swarms from a straw-hive,
which has probably been known and practiced for 200 years.
Even the plan to make three colonies out of two is very old.

Of newer date are only some modifications. It was the
rule that a shaken, brushed or driven swarm should be put
on the old stand to get all the field-bees. C. J. H. Graven-
horst, in Germany, about 1878, was the first who explained
how to operate when the shaken swarm should be put on a
new stand.

So far the purpose of shaking was increase. I believe
I was the first one to use this manipulation for any other
purpose.

Since 1880 I have been keeping bees here in Texas, and
I used at first the 10-frame Langstroth hive, but later a still
larger one. I soon found that these large hives are favor-
able for spring development, but not practical for comb-
honey production, while swarms, natural or shaken — espe-
cially if they are very strong and hived on starters only —
had always given a good crop of comb honey.

There was only one thing I did not like — such swarms
were getting weaker all the time during the first 21 days,
because no young bees were gnawing out of the cells; the
brood in the swarm was increasing, and more bees were
necessary to nurse this brood. This, again, causes a dimin-
ishing of the field-force at a time when a large force is most
needed. If the bees which are reared in the parent colony
could be given to the swarm at the right time, we could have
the field-force as in an undivided colony.

Heddon's method of preventing afterswarms had given
me the idea how to secure this. I put the shaken or natural
swarm on the old stand, and the parent colony close by its
side ; 10 days afterward the most bees of the old hive were
shaken in front of the swarm and the queen-cells cut out ;
and 21 days after the swarm was made all the bees of the
parent colony were united with the swarm. There is no
increase and no interruption in breeding. I used this plan
about 8 years ago, and as I found it a success I published it
in Gleanings. Nobody mentioned it till about a year after-
ward, when E. R. Root brought it more prominently before
the bee-keeping public. Now, from several sides we hear :

" That is old ; somebody made shaken swarms some years
ago." But the shaken swarm is only a part of my plan,
and can just as well be a natural swarm.

The whole thing is very simple, and it is very probable
that some used a similar plan at the same time or before I
did, but it was not published before I mentioned my plan in
December, 1899, and before I described it in Gleanings (1900,
page 840). I know of one such plan — that is, the parent
hive is set on top of the swarm and a connection is made by
a channel or otherwise from the upper alighting-hole down
to the lower one, so that every bee that flies out from the
upper hive will, after returning, unite with the swarm.

I claim to be the first one who used a plan to unite all
the bees from the parent colony at the proper time with the
shaken or natural swarm, and in this connection used a new
management for comb-honey production, gaining the
advantage of large hives during spring development, and
of small hives during the honey-flow. Bexar Co., Tex.

=^

Conxumtton
Proceebtn^s

jf

Report of the Wisconsin Convention.

(Contlnaed from pa^e 231.]

The convention took up the question of affiliated bee-
keepers' societies in Wisconsin with the State Association,
and a committee was appointed to consider the subject.

Mr. F. Wilcox was recommended for judge of the api-
arian exhibit at the next State Fair.

C. Spangenburg exhibited a single-comb honey-extractor
which cost 35 cents. He made it himself. It consisted of
a handle or pole about 4 feet long, around which swung a
wooden half-cylinder about 20 inches long, in which was sup-
ported a flat wire-cloth whereon was laid the comb of honey
to be extracted. This half-cylinder was attached at each
end of it to the pole by means of metal rings, and the whole
thing was swung around the pole by a peculiar movement
of the hand at its top, the lower end of the pole having a
sharp point, which was supposed to drop into a small round
hole in the floor. It is an ingenious invention, but hardly
practical for the specialist bee-keeper 1

The first thing at the morning session of the second
day was the election of officers, which resulted as follows :
President, N. E. France ; Vice-President, Jacob Huffman ;
Secretary, Gus Dittmer, of Augusta ; and Treasurer, F.
Wilcox.

It was reported that at ^he last Minnesota State Fair
there were 152 entries in the apiarian department, for which
$408 in cash premiums was offered. Wisconsin offered a
total of only $97 at its last Fair. A committee of three was
ordered on State Fair Apiarian Exhibits, consisting of
Pres. France, and Messrs. Putnam and Wilcox, with in-
structions to endeavor to secure, if possible, for the Wiscon-
sin State Fair, a premium list similar to that of Minnesota.

Mrs. Millie Honaker read the only paper of the con-
vention, on the subject, "Who Is, and Who Will Make, a
Successful Bee-Keeper." It was an excellent paper.

Practically all of the time of the convention was de-
voted to the discussion of questions, which is fast becoming
the popular kind of program for bee-keepers' conventions.

In reply to the question about emptying barrels of gran-
ulated honey, it was advised first to lay a sheet of zinc or
heavy paper on the floor, on which place the barrel, and
then remove all of the barrel except the lower head. The
honey can then be shoveled into any large receptacle for
melting.

Experience was called for as to feeding syrup and water
in the spring, in the open, for stimulating brood-rearing. It
was suggested that it might cause robbing. Some one ad-
vised putting combs of honey or syrup in empty hives
where bees can get at them. This was found to work well.

For late feeding it was suggested that by elevating the
front of the hive a little the feed could be poured in at the
entrance on the bottom-board. This was found to work all
right, giving the feed in the evening, as the bees would
have it all carried up by morning. That is, provided the
nights were not too cold. One pint, or even half a pint, at
a feeding was mentioned.

Do bees winter well on buckwheat honey ? Yes. :ZZ

March 30, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

247

Is an absorbent on top of the hive necessary for safe
wintering ? Yes, especially outdoors.

Does not the lack of a fall honey-flow account for the
loss of bees in winter ? Yes, even if the bees are fed for
winter stores.

Which is the better for marketing dark extracted honey
— barrels or cans ? Barrels for manufacturers, and cans for
retailing to families.

Should Wisconsin establish an Apiarian Experiment
Station ? Yes.

As to putting bees out of the cellar at night or in the day-
time, IS voted for the day and 4 for the night.

As to using full sheets of foundation in the sections,
some suggested that it caused a midrib in the honey, and
interfered with its sale. Some thought that the foundation
sometimes used was too thick, and that the very thinnest
should be put in sections.

Can foul brood be carried by queens in the mails 7 Yes,
and no. Not by the queen, but by the honey in the cage.
It was advised to throw away the cage in which the queen
arrived, transferring her into a new cage in which to intro-
duce her.

Would you recommend feeding artificial pollen in the
spring ? Yes, if there was no natural pollen when needed.

What is the condition of foul brood throughout the
State of Wisconsin ? Pres. France reported that there was
still some in perhaps 4 or S counties. If its importation
from other States could be prohibited it would very soon be
all wiped out. A vote of thanks was tendered Pres. France
for his good work as State Inspector of Apiaries.

How do you free melted honey from air-bubbles 7 Let
it stand a while after bottling.

What is the best kind of soil in which to build a bee-
cellar 7 It depends upon the location. A cellar in sandy
soil will winter bees best.

The convention adjourned to meet in 1906 at the call of
the Executive Committee.

BccKeepers

J

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bees Gathering- Honey— Destroyer for Black Ants

I enclose a picture of my apiary and home, taken by
myself. It is not a very good one, as I am not experienced
in the work.

and around the bee-hives 7 I saw it in this paper last
spring, but lost it, and have forgotten what it was.

Merced Co., Calif., Feb. 7. Mrs. M. Watson.

I think perhaps this is the item you refer to on page
99, 1904 :

" Mr. H. Potter, in the British Bee Journal, gives his
method of getting rid of ants :

" I mixed some bee-candy with arsenic, and put it under
the hive, placing a piece of perforated zinc over the candy,
and a small box over all, to make sure that the bees could
not get at it The effect was surprising I On the first day
the candy was black with ants ; the second day only 2 or 3
to be seen ; third day ants all gone. I have had no more
trouble with them this season. Ants eat their dead, and
therefore a wholesale poisoning had been set up by them
devouring their dead comrades."

The perforated zinc mentioned must have had smaller
perforations than the ordinary perforated zinc. Small
enough not to allow the bees to pass through, while the
ants could.

Thank you for the beautiful picture. I hope it may be
printed in the Journal so the other sisters may enjoy it.

Feeding— Bees Loaflngr— Starters— Color of
Drones — Comb Honey Manag-ement, Etc.

1. Is there a limit to the number of questions one person
may ask in a year 7 I hope not, for there are so many
things I want to know, and the American Bee Journal is so
full of good things.

2. It is fine, warm weather now after a very bad winter
on other creatures — though perhaps not so hard on bees.
Upon lifting the hives to-day I find one very light. The
bees are flying a little, and there are many dead bees in
front of each hive. I have put a super filled with unfinished
sections upon the light hive. Is that a wise course 7

3. Could bees be fed sugar syrup safely on warm, bright
days from now on 7

4. What do little crumbs of wax, light and dark in color,
signify at this time of year at the entrance and on the
alighting-board 7

5. One of the greattroubles I have with the bees is their
loafing. They hang out in great clusters. If heat causes
it I should think they could find nothing hotter than
the bunches in which they arrange themselves. "ABC"
says, " Never allow the bees to hang out," but I have been
unable to prevent it. Giving more air and more super-
room doesn't seem to be sufiScient. What can you suggest
as cause and cure 7

6. Do you consider it wise to put starters in the sections
on all four sides, or only top and bottom, and why 7

7. Does any one know with certainty the relative yield
of comb and extracted honey under y«i^ the same conditions7

8. I notice in the summer a change in the color of

APIARY OF MRS. M. WATSON, OP MERCBD CO., CALIF.

The weather here is beautiful now. The almond trees
are in bloom, and the fruit-trees soon will be. Bees are
gathering some honey, and we hope to have a good season.

Can you give me, through the American Bee Journal,
the remedy for destroying those little black ants that are in

drones. Last season they were yellow and glossy early,
but by August they were much darker, and some seemed
nearly all black. What does that indicate 7

9. What are bees doing when they stand for a long
while with wings moving rapidly and abdomen erect, about

248

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30, 1905.

the entrance of the hive and even up on the front ?

10. Starting- this season with 6 or 7 colonies, how would
you manage them to secure the most comb honey — natural
swarms or artificial, or no swarms at all, as far as possible ?

11. I should like to increase as much as possible and not
interfere with the honey crop. Do you advise putting on a
brood-chamber first with full sheets of comb to get them
used to working up there ?

12. An article, or series of articles, on the meaning and
significance of various indications and signs — in other
words, the ways in which you judge of conditions in the
hive throughout the season, would be most helpful to be-
ginners like myself. I am always encountering some con-
dition which I am unable to translate into simple English
language.

13. During the early season and swarming time how
often is it wise to look through the hives ?

14. Does it do any harm to look too often 7 Does it dis-
turb the bees or interfere seriously with their work 7

Clark Co., Kans., Feb. 24. Hblen Pbrry.

1. The limitations as to questions do not come from
their number but from their character. Any number of
questions connected with bee-keeping may be asked, pro-
vided they are not already answered in the text-books, or
books of instruction about bees. The intelligent beginner —
and, for that matter, long after she has graduated from the
class of beginners — will always find plenty of questions not
answered in the books ; and in such cases the bee-paper is
needed to help out. No one who has faithfully studied her
bee-book need be afraid of asking too many questions.

2. Yes, provided you are sure the bees reach the sec-
tions. If put on when very cold, it would be of no use till
a day came warm enough for the bees to move freely.

3. Y — es, provided you can count on their flying every
few days. In other words, it is not best till winter is well
over.

4. Chiefly cappings that the bees have gnawed from the
sealed honey.

5. The advice of " A B C " might be amended : " Never
let bees hang out when there is plenty to do in the field."
Nothing strange a strong colony should like to sit outside
to gossip after the close of a hard day's work; but it isn't
good form in the middle of the day, if there is any work to
be done in the field. When there is nothing to be had in
the field, the wise little creatures do well not to use up their
strength going a-field for nothing, and then they may be
expected to cluster outside. But when there is a good honey-
flow on, ventilation and super-room enough ought to pre-
vent loafing except with a colony contemplating immediate
swarming or disgruntled in some other way.

6. With starters top and bottom, with only an eighth or
a quarter of an inch between, and a space of same kind at
each side, the bees will build to the sides of their own accord.

7. No ; and if you should find out the right answer for
a certain condition, the answer might be quite different for
some other condition.

8. Possibly, like workers, they may grow darker with
age on account of loss of plumage ; possibly the later
drones may have been from darker colonies ; possibly (if
you will pardon the suggestion) your memory for colors
may have been a little at fault.

9. Just the same that you might be doing on a hot day,
fanning. Not exactly to cool their faces, however, but to
cool the hive. Other bees inside the hive are similarly en-
gaged, making a well-planned system of ventilation.

10. No swarms at all where the principal gathering
comes early ; increasing to SO or 100 percent if there are
heavy fall flows. I would have to eat and sleep at your house
several days before deciding whether natural or artificial
swarms would be best for you.

11. No ; their habits are all right in advance.

12. Doubtful whether any general rules could be framed
except such as are already in the text-books. Those of us
who have been longer at the business probably do not know
so much about bees as you give us credit for. If we could
only keep quiet all the time we might keep up the delusion,
but some question is sure to be asked sooner or later to ex-
pose our ignorance.

13. That depends upon management ; "in this locality "
about once in 10 days with any colony in danger of swarm-
ing.

14. The disturbance of opening a hive must interfere at
least a little with the labor of the bees, and should occur
only when the benefit resulting overbalances the inter-
ference.

Clftertl^ougf?ts

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

THE PRESENT PEICE8 OP BBE-SUPPLIEB.

Doubtless most of the brethren want the price of sections lower,
but I do not. 1 think the current price is low enough. This is not
because I sell the wood again for more than I gave for it, but for other
reasons. (In my retail sales I make an allowance for the weight of
the wood to my customers.) Crowds of people, otherwise good and
sensible, would — if court-houses were selling at 50 cents a dozen —
would want to get them at 48}^. This disposition to squeeze — squeeze
everybody and everything, without regard to how unjust or cruel it
may be — is one of the awful iniquities of human nature. As followers
of the Christ of Bethlehem, it is our duty to combat this iniquity —
combat it in ourselves first of all, and also in the great, great world —
combat it just the same even if it does look like trying to regulate the
level of Lake Michigan with a teaspoon. More of the spirit of Christ 1
And if that sounds too pious for average ears, more of the spirit of
" Live and let live!" Murder and " Business " are old pals. Unless
we have to take that back and say, Murder and Business are two names
for the same old Thug.

When it comes to hives I think a little differently (but without
any great vehemence or bitterness.) Mainly the hive-makers' own
affair. Still, my private feeling is that a well-ordered, 20th century
factory should be ashamed of itself if a single individual, without a bit
of machinery, can make his own hives and make more than wages at
it. Such a fact rather " gives 'em away."

But all the above is rather like obscuring the real matter with
smoke. Also the real matter itself is rather complex, and needs dear
thinking, if we are to feel just right about it. And this is so impor-
tant that it will do us no harm to remember an old saying: "Clear
thinking is a prerogative of God alone." If we realize a little how dif-
ficult clear thinking is, we shall be less liable to get 10,000 miles away
from it — and be bragging about our clear thinking at the same time.
Here are some things which clear thinking probably ought not to for-
get— some links that belong somewhere in the logical chain:

(Link A.) — The heart of this mighty nation has enlisted in a cam-
paign against a great and real evil — difficult campaign, needing all
possible forces. Shall we fail to drop into the righteous current?
Shall we fail to push when all honest folks are pushing— and then
save our credit by great ado some time when nobody else is pushing
at all— or by standing off and saying proudly, " I am a well-wisher to
this pushing, just the same as you?"

(Link B.)— One man excitedly makes a lot of objections— because
he loves the cause, and wants to save it from a mistake. Another
man does the same because he hates the cause and wants to run it into
a mistake. Another man (fit hardly for loving or hating) objects be-
cause he is got up that way — always does it. One needs care in esti-
mating these three men. Also, one man forbears all objections be-
cause (in his superficial thinking) he thinks things are all just right.
Another man forbears because he sees the criticism business so terribly
overdone that he fears the wisest protests, under the circumstances,
would be more likely to hinder the cause than help it. Another man
forbears because he always revolves around his own feelings — his own
enjoyment ot a rumpus. Objections break in on the fun; and his en-
thusiastic nature is never happy unless he is running over like a bottle
of bees. One needs care in estimating these three men, too. But
somehow every good man ought to be ready with his influence when
the tide is right.

(Link C.)— Bee-keepers incline to consider themselves a select
body of men. Is it not true, to a considerable extent, that they are?
Neither the drinking, nor the smoking, nor the swearing about a bee-
convention that there is about certain political conentions. I'm just
now thinking about a hotel-keeper who passed the cigars to an impor-
tant bee-committee — and not a man used cigars 1 Such a body of men
should not complain that too high a level of commercial morals is
urged upon them. Unless they have been badly led they will not, I
think— not even if we say. Let wages and prices, and manufactures
and profits, be adjusted as the same would be between a dozen brothers
living on a far-distant island. Absolute monarchy — with a common-
sense. Christian public opinion tor monarch.

(Link D.) — There are certain men, often wealthy, who make it
their business to purvey to the wants of other men. If some of these
choose for their lot in life ministering to a superior class of men, it
should not surprise them if they should run against accountability some-
what greater than inferior grades of men usually insist on. Certainly
if they have ignored rules of decency made by the non-select world,
they are not to be surprised if their own constituency warm their ears
pretty well about it — and often, and long.

(Link E.) — There are certain doings and arrangements very com-
mon in recent years, repeated over and over again in almost every pos-
sible field — very capable of being beneficent, but practically almost
always the opposite of beneficent — that the world has at last got up
arms against. High time. Touch pitch — and be defiled. Get up
trust — and brick-bats begin to come your way — if not striped clothing.
No use to tell us that the Meat Trust of Utopia is a perfectly lovely
institution, which blesses all concerned, and gives the people the

March 30, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

249

cheapest possible meat. We know that. We also know that the
Meat Trust of the United States is a gang of high-handed and abomin-
able robbers — robbers that rob those who raise the cattle on the one
hand, and rob those who eat the meat on the other hand— robbers that
fix prices— and fix them not on reason, nor right, nor natural laws,
but on a. /?<i^ as impudent as the Czar's. Most other trusts differ only
in degree. By the way, there isn't any Meat Trust. We know that.
And we are ready, and waiting; to hear, that there isn't any trust
among bee-manufacturers. It is one of the commonest characteristics
of this particular evil genus to deny their own existence. When the
dog howls all night it means, in dog language, " There are no such
things as dogs."

We must be getting almost ready now to put things together. We
were startled awhile ago to leara that those who wrote to different
firms for prices on lots of bee-supplies got in reply identical figures I
Hcce Rex ! There she am ! No more to be said. No place for argu-
ment. No place for anything but the searching question, What are
we going to do about it? What — if anything? Sad that a "decent
regard for the opinions of mankind " did not keep our purveyors from
this step — but it did not, it seems. Sad that it did not occur to them :
We serve a select body of men ; we should therefore be a little select
in our methods. We did think that there were men among them that
were willing to stand in the blaze of publicity as model men. We
thought that some of them shrank from appearances of evil — shrank
from them personally, and, more than that, shrank from them in a
Christian sort of way — seeing we are taught to avoid the appearance
of evil. That we were mistaken in this came to us as a sorrow and a
blow. They are willing, it seems, for some prospective profits (when
profits were already good) to take a position which necessarily renders
them a sort of stench in the nostrils of mankind. Sorry ! Very sorry !
If we had not greater things to be sorry for we should be sorry that
they threw away such an opportunity as they had — the opportunily of
illustrating to the bigger bears how a spirit of live and let live, resting
on the public sentiment and public reasonableness of an enlightened
patronage can make it unnecessary to form a trust. Well, the onus of
the wliole thing is not that certain goods may be offered to ua a little too
high. That's not it. Scotch that false idea whenever it pops up. It's
the discovery of a yoke for our necks that we didn't know of before.
It's the compulsory facing of the problem : Shall we go quietly on in
a sort of semi-bondage, or shall we do something about it and break
the bonds? — and shall the State Seal of Virginia furnish us with the
model for a tableau? On one thing I shouldn't wonder if we were
already near unanimity. It's well settled that " Faithful are the
wounds of a friend" — we'll make them realize what an awful lot of
friends they have, and what phenomenally faithful friends they be.

E. E. Hastt.

[The foregoing was really intended as a private letter to us, liut
we have Mr. Hasty's permission to publish it. — Editor.]

Doctor ITIillcr's
Question -- ^ox

=/

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. 0. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Management with a Queenless Colony

1. I have a queenless colony. I took a frame of brood and eggs
from another colony and gave to it. The bees will rear another queen,
I suppose, but she can not be fertilized now, and what will be the
result!

2. How would you manage a queenless colony at this time of year,
when no queens are to be had ? Missouri.

Answers. — 1. To answer your question in very few words, any
queen reared from brood given before the middle of March, as far
north as central Missouri, will in 9 cases out of 10 be only a damage.

2. One way is to give it a queen as early as you can buy one.
Another, and perhaps a better, is to distribute its bees and combs

among other colonies.

.*-.-»-

Italianizing! Bees

I have 4 colonies of brown bees which I wish to Italianize the
coming season.

1. When is the best time to introduce the new queens ? Should it
not be early enough to secure Italian drones?

2. When I remove the old queens can I not also remove a frame
of brood, honey and bees with her to an empty hive, forming a nucleus?
Then if anything happened to a new queen I could return the«ld one
again. Would not the nucleus keep growing until I could later in
the season requeen with an Italian queen, or cell reared from the new
queens, thus utilizing the brown queens during the breeding season,
to some extent? New Yorker.

Answers.— 1. It would be a nice thing to have the new queens
installed verv early; yet on the whole it is an open question whether
it's best to get the queens early or later. Very early queens cost more,

and there is more danger introducing than in harvest time. The drone
part is not so important, for the probability is that your queens will
mate with drones from surrounding apiaries.

2 Yes, your scheme is all right. And don't be worried if you
don't get all Italian blood in one season. If yoa do it in 5 you 11 do
well.

Transferring Bees

I bought 10 colonies of bees in hives that are square. I want to
transfer them into the regular-size frame hives.

Will it do simply to remove the combs from the old frames
which would not fill the new frames in length, or would it be better to
fill the new frames completely by cutting the pieces to fit!

Missouri.

Answer.— Better fill frames entirely; otherwise the bees will be
likely to fill out with drone-comb. In cutting pieces to fill out, it may
be convenient to remember that it is not really necessary to have them
the same way up and down that they were.

Feeding Bees

Clipping ttueens-Uslng
Bees Died

Hives in Which

1 Is it safe and right to feed bees honey that has soured?

2. So much is said about clipping queens in the spring that one
might think that it had to be done for each colony every spring. Uoes
not the clipped queen live for several years, as a rule?

3 When a colony is winter-killed, and the hive is filled with conab
and considerable honey, can not the hive with its comb and honey be
used to advantage for a new colony? If necessary to cleanse it, how
should it be done? . ,, ,. ,. „,

4 Are all Italian bees " red clover " bees, or is there a distinct
kind especially adapted to gathering honey from red clover?

Answers.- 1. Yes, if fed in the spring at a time when bees are
flying daily, and at a time when there is no danger of its going into

^""■Pj" Ygg but the safe way is to look for her each spring, or at least
before swarming-time, lest she may have been superseded and a suc-
cessor with whole wings be present. It sometimes happens that a
queen is superseded before she is a year old.

3 Yes indeed. Usually the bees will do the necessary cleansing,
but you should brush out all the dead bees, and if any of the combs
are very foul withhold them till after the bees have occupied the hive
for a day or two, and give only one or two a day.

4 There's nothing very distinct about it. Bees that will work on
red clover are called '• red clover " bees, whether Italian or not.

. <4 • *•

Transferring Bees

Will you please tell me how to transfer bees from one hive to
another? The hive they are in is poor, and X would like to get them
into one with 9 frames. Illinois.

Answer— Just exactly how it should be done, provided the bees
are now in a frame hive, depends upon the size of the frame now in
use compared with the one to which you wish to transfer them. If
the frame is shallower than the old one, you will cut down the comb
so as to make it the right depoh. If the new frame is deeper, put the
comb in, and then cut pieces to wedge in on top. Or, which may be
more easily managed, turn the comb so the present top and bottom
may be at the sides, and then cut the comb just deep enough to go in
the frame. Before taking out the first frame from the old hive, have
an empty frame ready for it. Lay some strings on a table or some-
thing of the kind, on these strings lay the empty frame, then after
putting in the comb tie the strings. Of course the strings must be
laid in such a way that they will be distributed along the length of
the frame, perhaps 6 or more of them, each string independent of the
others. When you take out the first frame, brush the bees from it
before cutting, and put it in its hive after tying. Then move the old
hive from the stand and put the new one in its place, and after that
brush the bees into the new hive each time you take out another

"^^Tt'is iust possible that the old hive is a box-hive without any
frames. In that case it maybe better for you to wait till the bees
swarm, hive the swarm in the new hive, then 21 days later cut the
contents out of the old hive. In the meantime it wi 1 pay JO" bf '»
buy a bee-book to tell you more about this and a whole lot of other
things. ^ _ ^

Keeping Bees on Shares

1 have an opportunity to get some bees on shares. The other man
is to furnish the hives, supers, and bees, and I am t.<;.'""'°'s^^'^f^*°"
tions and take care of them. They are in good condition. What pro-
portion ought I to have? ^°^^ *•

Answer —That's a very hard question to answer. If you are an
expert with bees, giving them close attention, you ought to have a
much larger share' than the one who knows little about the business
and does little at it. So your share may vary from k.to Jj- «e"fj»"y
speaking, keeping bees on shares is not the most satisfactory thing in
the world.

250

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30, 1905.

IN SPECIAL
CASH PRIZES

FEEE

II INimil TO HILAR niUK

i^

We have decided to offer TEN SPECIAL CASH PRIZES in addition to the
regular premiums, for getting new subscriptions to the Weekly American Bee
Journal. The 1st Prize will be $10 ; the 2d, $9 ; 3d, S8 ; 4th, $7 ; Sth, $6 ; 6th, $S ;
7th, 14 ; Sth, $3 ; 9th^ $2 ; and 10th, «1.00.

Read the Following Conditions Very Carefully :

1. This Special Cash Prize Contest will begin on the morning of March 20, and close the
evening of July 1.

2. All who compete for the Cash Prizes must have their own subscription to the American
Bee Journal paid at least to the end of this year (1905). And each one competing for a Cash
Prize must have Five (5) new subscriptions to his or her credit before entering the contest for
Cash Prizes. That is, those who have sent in 1, 2, 3 or 4 new subscriptions will not be counted
as contestants for the Special Cash Prizes. You must have 5 to your credit, but need not send
in the 5 all at one time.

3. New subscribers are considered as those who have not taken the American Bee Journal
regularly since 1903. That is, any one who is not getting it now, but received it during 1904,
would not be considered a new subscriber now. r

4. A new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
being taken now. A new subscriber must be in fact a new reader.

5. Cash must accompany every order when sending in new subscriptions. And after any
regular subscriber has sent in 5 new ones, he will say when sending in the sixth new one that
he wishes to compete for a Cash Prize. Then we will enter his name on the Contestants' List.
(If all is not now plain, please ask any questions and we will try to clear up anything that ie
not understood).

LIST OF REGULAR PREMIUMS GIVEN

(whether you compete on the Special Cash Prizes or not).

Given Free for 1 NEW Subscription.

YOUR CHOICE.

Untested Italian Queen (in May or June).
Doolittle's "Scientific Queen- Rearing" (bound

in Leatherette).
Hutchinson's "Advanced Bee-Culture ".

Newman's "Bees and Honey " (in paper).
Howard's book on "Foul Brood".
Pierce's " Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping '
Monette " Queen-Clipping Device ".

Given Free for 2 NEW Subscriptions.

YOUR CHOICE.

Dr. Miller's " 40 Tears Among the Bees ".
Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Rearing" (bound
in cloth).

Newman's " Bees and Honey ", (in cloth).
" Americanische Bienenzucht."
Stylographic Pen.

Given Free for 3 NEW Subscriptions.

YOUR CHOICE.

Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keeper's Guide ; or, Man-
ual of the Apiary."

Dadant's " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee ".

Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture ".

Your own Subscription to the American Bee
Journal for one year.

A Novelty Pocket-Knife (with your name and
address on one side of handle, and 3 bees
on the other side).

A Fountain Pen.

100 copies " Honey as a Health Food ".

J!^- Remember, that in each case above it is your choice of any one of the
premiums offered. And when you have sent in 5 new yearly subscriptions, after
March 20, you can then compete on the Special Cash Prizes. The one who sends
in the most new subscriptions over S, between March 20 and July 1, 1905, will re-
ceive f 10 cash in addition to whatever of the regular premiums he may have
received for sending new subscriptions from time to time between March 20 and
July 1. The one sending in the second largest number over 5, will get $9 cash,
and so on.

Now — let every one of our regular subscribers whose subscriptions are paid
to the end of 1905 or beyond, get to work and pour in the new subscriptions. If
your own subscription is not yet paid to the end of 1905, send it in at once, or
when you send your first new subscription.

We will be pleased to furnish all the copies of the American Bee Journal free
that you may want to use as samples. Just let us know how many you want.

Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's h<)w they live and thrive.
You cant have healthy, profitable
fowls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vermin and
Tnake!=i sittincr hens comfortable.
Sample inc. lOO oz., Jl.OO by express.
O. K. STOCK FOOD CO.,
D.J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bldg., ChlcsffO» IlL

Please mentloii Bee j'oumai when writing

For Sale !

5 acres in fruit; house, bam, and lar^e poul-
try-house. 25 miles due west of Chicago. Con-
Teuient to both electric and steam railways.
For further particulars address,

12Atf H. M. ARISD, Wheaton, III.

lO CENTS A YEAR.

MAGAZINE, larg-est,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
ziNB In the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce it ONLY.
It Is bright and up-
to-date. Tells all abont Southern Home Life,
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
mildings and famous people. Send at once.
Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere In the U.S., Can-
ada and Mexico. Six years, 50c Or, clubs of
6 names, 50c; 12 for $1. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps talien. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME,
^tA48t No. 75, Birmingham, Alabama.

Please mention Bee journal w^hen writlnfe

TI16

Dixie Home

Greenino's Steam Dug Trees

AGENTS WANTED

700 A.CRKS

TISORCCNIN« BROa.NURaERTBo,

k. BOX T» MOr-jROE MICM,

B66-K66D6r§' SupDlies.

Send for Catalog'.

Leahu'MfQ. Go., East St. Louis/llls.

2A16t Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

TREES THAT GROW

Hardy varieties; yield

^g^ ^rt^^^ cord Grapes,

-, _- „,. «2 per 100. We

big: crope. Orafted ^^^ &X P^r *^® freight.
Apple,4He;BnddeiJ^V* j!^' Catalog. EnRlleh
Peach, 3Hc:Blaclt ^wv ^y or German, free.
Locust Seed- X*rs^ GERMXN NURSERIES
ing8,,n v^^y^^/ Boi 93. B««lrlc>, Heb.

^ease mention Bee.iotimaj ^woen ^rntine

3 I O-BO F«r
I A 200 Ega
•INCUBATOR

Perfect in constniotioD ana
action. Hatches fiTcrj fertil*
egg. Write for catalog to-da;

GEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III,

Please mention Bee Journal ■wnen writlnp,

LOWEST RATES EAST

are afforded via the Nickel Plate Road.
With solid through trains to New York
City and intermediate points, via both
Lackawanna and West Shore Roads,
and to Boston and other New England
points, via the Nickel Plate and West
Shore and Boston & Maine Roads,
travelers via that popular low rate line
are offered all modern conveniences.
Excellent Dining Car Service, meals
being served in Nickel Plate dining
cars on American Club Meal Plan,
ranging in price from 3Sc to $1.00. No
excess fare charged on any train on
the Nickel Plate Road. Chicago depot.
Van Buren and La Salle Sts., the only
railroad station in Chicago on the Ele-
vated Railroad Loop. City Ticket Of-
fice. Ill Adams St. 'Phone Central 20S7.
1— llASt

March 30, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

251

Reports anb
Experiences

Bees Doing Well— Closed End-Bars

The summer of 1904 was a pretty good one
with bees in this locality. In 1903 I got a
crop of only 400 pounds from 33 colonies,
and half of it I had to teed back. This, with
six previous years of poor crops, discouragea
me. I did not give them the attention they
ought to have had. and the consequence was
that I lost until only 28 colonies were left.
Eight of them were very weak, and it took all
summer for them to build up. But I secured
1800 pounds of honey from the 20 that were
in a better condition. I had taken care of
one colony in first-class style, and secured
from it l.W pounds of surplus, and had 35
pounds in the brood-nest, besides a great deal
of pollen.

Last fall I provided each of them with
about 30 pounds of honey, besides frames of
pollen, and I set aside 80 frames of honey and

Better Seed
More Corn

I Increase your corn crop 5 to 10 ,
bushels per acre and insure Its ■
f ripening. Do it by getting eeed
} euit»ble to your location.

Pride of the North

Is a well known 90 day, early yellow dent.
Very email cob with deep Iternels closely
set, ear medium length. Its extreme earli-
besslnaures its ripening in northern lati-
tudes and Ita yield of shelled corn quite
equals many larjjer sorts. Bushel shelled,
, %\:ih\ on ear, «2.00. For localities having a
longer com season, we recommend

I larRe beautiful Tellow Dent Com
with broad and deep yellow grains.
The eara are also of good length and
yield a big harvest. Try thU
new variety. Bushel shelled, I
12.00; on eur, ta.OO. We ulso
orfer standard s'^Tts, per bu.
Bbelled, bags lucluUea:
Barnard's Yellow Dent 11.75
Iowa Gold Mine - • 1.26
Iowa Silver Mine - - 1.25
WisconBiu White Dent 1.25
If you don't know just what
you want, we will select
" seed for you that will give
perfect satisfaction.
Write forftee catalog,
full of garden and
field hints — worth
sending for i
today. I

W. W. Barnard

* go.

161 r, E.

Kinzie St.

Chicago

PRIDE OF
THE NORTH

Please mention Bee Journal vrhen 'writliui

Southwestern Bee-keepers
SAVE MONEY

See our prices on all Bee-KeepeRS' SUP-
PLIES before yon buy. £>end for Catalog'. We
carry a full and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HONEY-CANS AND FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co. in Texas
as their sole and exclusive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant & Sons' world-
famous Comb Foundation exclusively. Get our
prices before bnvinir.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quantity at all seasons of the year.
Let us quote yon.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Boug'dt and sold. We will buy your honey-
crop, and we especially want your beeswax at
highest market pricCF.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.,

(H. H. Hyde, Successor)
lD9t SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS,

f^ease mexitloxi Bee Joamal 'wnen 'wntln&

BEE-SUPPLIES

J^J^ Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices

Best shipping-point in United States.

Special laducements on Bee-Hives. 88-page Catalog— good information for all

bee-keepers — free.

ASK ABOUT OUR FREE POCKET-MIRRORS.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,E.A"a?i!st.lndianapolis,liid.

Please mention Bee Joiimat -when ■writine

Important to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the liind of goods you want.
They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

JOSEPH NYSEWANDER yrs'/a'a" w^^n st. Des Moines, lowa

8*St— 14E5t

"▼"T-K

§ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-Llst.

§ ourH:I"V^ES and SEOTIOIsTS
I ArePeffect In Workmanship and Materia!.

0 By sending in your order now, you will; SAVE MONEY, and

X secure prompt shipment.

0 We will allow y a cash dUcoont of 3 percent on orders sent in during January.

I PAGE & LYON MFQ. CO., New London,Wis. "sa
w " If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES I

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices i

■•%y

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .'. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every
shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw
the offer.

I WALTER S. rOUDER, I

^ 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. X

Please Mention the American Bee Journal iSSSitlS^

252

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30. 190S

pollen for spring. They are all doing well
now, and for the last 2 weeks have worked
hard on willow, and have carried in a good
deal of pollen. A full blossom is now appear-
ing on early plum.

I notice there are some bee-keepers that
have the preference I have for closed end-
bars. I made 10 frames for a hive about 3
years ago — the common thick-top and %-inch
bottom-bar with 7-16-inch thick and l^B-inch
wide end-bar (closed end). I wish all my
frames were of the same kind. If they are
square and well put together there will be no
propolis, and that means a good deal in this
locality. It is not necessary to kill bees with
them if they are rightly handled. All the
frames which I make myself hereafter will be

DON'T BE BOTHERED

with licenn poultry. SchlldV Lleht-
niiiffLlce Kltlinc Machine instant-
ly removes them from tiniest chick
or fatprobbler. 3 sizes. Also Poultry
Bita. Lice Murder, Lightning Lice
Killinpr Powder, etc. Catalog free.

CHARLES SCHILD CO..
801 Detroit St. Cleveland, O.

Please mention Bee ^oiimal -wtien 'wrttiiur

For Qoeens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclalr. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
$6 ; 15 for ?8.25 ; 25 for S12.50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

nease meutlon Bee Journal 'wbea timtuis

^GRAPEVINES

69yarletle«. Also8mallFniltB. Trees, Ac. Beet root-
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for Ha
Descriptive prlce-Ust free. LEWtSROESCH.FBEDONIA.N.V.
Please mention Bee Journal ■when •wntuur.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Houey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding^ one
ponnd of honej net, one g^ross in case complete,
in 5-gToss lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, fo.b. New York. If jon want
to secure some, let ns know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

STANDARD

Poultry AND

Hf^p^ SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FKEE.

griggsTbros,

521 Monroe Street,
TOIjBIDO, - OHIO.

<'lease mention Bee Jounuii vneu wniue.

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS i CHICAGO.

Best and Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Aknd, Manager.

Having- decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalogs and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Cioods
at Factory Prices and Prompt Sliipment, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY fv^^^^ CO.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

H. M. ARND, Mgr. 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

E^" Beeswax 2Sc cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections |

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES — A

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog. n

THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis. ^

Diumer's Foundation is ihb Best.

Send for Catalog", Samples and Discounts, and jndge for jourself. 1904 ontpnt, 50 percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working^ Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

-FOR, "^OXJK,-

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

SEND TO THE

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders tillJan. 1,1905. lA13t

nease menUon Bee jDomal -when writtns.

March 30, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

253

u

DADANT'S FOUNDATION "

IT EX:OEX_.S.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

x.^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^^

OF ALL KINDS.

■Air. .Wtir, VAlr. .W#if,

I*.* '^^ -'

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

made in this way, and as tiie price is 3 cents
per frame very few will buy when they can
make them.

In the spring I clean every hive, clipping
all queens that have not already been clipped.
I use the lO-frame dovetailed hive altogether.

I have about 50 gallons of the 1800 pounds
left, and put all my honey in }^-gallon Mason
jars, which I sell at 60 cents, or 50 cents and
jar returned. There is only 554 pounds in
each jar, for they do not hold half a gallon,
so the price is all right. O. K. Rice.

Wahkiakum Co., Wash., Feb. 6.

Rains in Soutliern California

This season will mark the turning point in
the history of Southern California's great
drouth.

Up to the present date here the precipita-
tion has been over 20 inches, and rain is still

DAVENPORT,

IOWA.

HEADQUARTBRS FOR

6. B. Lewis Go's B-WARE,
Dadant's Foundation.

We can serve you quick and save yon
freight and express cfaarg'es. Send ns
your BEESWAX in exchange for other
goods. Send for our Catalog^.

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS.

High in Quality
Low in Price

Fruitful Trees

MUliona of Fruit and Forest Trees, Apples, Peaches.
Cherries, Grapes and Strawberries. R. Mulberry and
Black Locust Seedlings at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on CIO ordera. Guaranteed to reach you fresh
»nd blight. Don't miss our free catalogue.

*• GAGE COUNTY NURSERIES
»ox 646 Beatrice, N«b.

Please mention Bee Journal wn&u 'wntuiA

■*^'- B66=SUDPli6§!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larpe stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Freb Ii^

LUSTRATED CATALOG, and

read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massle Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,Neo.; Shngart & Onren, Council Bluffs Iowa-
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

Old Customers.

^ Those who have used our SUPPLilES are our l)e6t customers. They know

^ from past experience that the quality of our goods is the equal o( anv in the marljet

'^ and they are saving one-fourth of the cost. " '

^ Any purchase not absolutely satisfactory to you will be made so if you write us.

S This is f.iir. Let's have your order for this season's Bee-Supplies.

i JOHN DOLL & SON,

2 Power Bulldlug, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. S:

Sweet Clover Seed

FOR SALE

SO lbs. or ovei, .11 2 cents per pound. Address,
5A9t J05bPH 5HAW, Strong City, Kms.

The OR MAS Incubators

Low

I & Brooders

'S ''f'j''-. '^"^ guaranteed. 11 11 Sendl
Sen J for free catalotrue. U ' fA t

UHU MFG. CO., LI60NIER, INDMNA, FrttCitiltt I

254

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30, 1905.

NORRIS & AN8PAGH
LEWIS' GOODS IN KENTON,

OHIO

ClWe handle a most complete line of G. B. Lewis
Go's ^oods at their regular factory prices. Dove-
tailed HIVES. SECTIONS (all kinds),
SMOKERS. VEILS-in fact everything for
the bee-keeper. Send in cents for B-Pranks,
an amusing and instructive little pamphlet, or,
it will be sent free for the names and addresses
of 6 bee keepers.

Lewis Makes the Finest Supplies —
We Sell Them.

E Wholesale and Retail. 3end for Catalog.

13Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Tested Queens by Return Mail,
—$1.00 Each—

We have a large number of Choice Tested
Queens, reared last September and October, and
wintered in 4-frame nuclei; these queens are
vigorous and prolific, and of our fine strain of
Three-Band Italians. Just the queens to build
up weak colonies. Try them. Send for circular.

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf ■ LoREAUViLLE, Iberia Pa., La.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Ca«h.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bbli. Branch, Waynb Co., Mich

OoldenQueensandBees

Ready June I. Hustlers for hoaey; very gen-
tle, non-swarming. Price-list now ready — also
an Spage leaflet on queen-rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee Journal ■wlien ■WTitin£

40-PaSe Catalog Free!
Full icformatioii regardinK all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, Best goods. Latest im-
provements. Danzeiibaker Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John Nbbel & Son Supply
Co.. High Hill. Mo, 3Dtf

Plepie menxion Bee Journal -when 'wntmg

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
salts. Comb foundation made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

IW J. G. Goodner, of this State, write me that
he "prefer to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal -wheu ^writing.

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

OF

*^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence L/eague.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

>

Mamiiacturers Of Uuu'liuuPGrS uliPPIIuS

Lowest Prices and Highest Quality. Our New Cata-
log just out. Write for it. Compare prices with others.
15 years' experience. Not in the Combination. Modern
Machiner)^ Sections and Shipping-Cases by the car-load.
Prompt shipments. Hives, Extractors, Feeders, and all
Supplies used by bee-keepers. All goods guaranteed as
per Catalog MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

falling daily. In many instances the rain has
assumed torrential proportions, Inundating-
and destroying much valuable property.

Wind has played havoc along the Ocean
beach with breakwater piers, small ocean
crafts, etc. With all this destruction, how-
ever, the good accomplished will be far in ex-
cess, and incomputable. We are now looking
upon conditions favorable for both ranchmen
and honey-producers. J. M. Ha.mba.ugh.

San Diego Co., Calif., March 20.

7Dtf

Pleane mention Bee Journal ■waeii ^rituui.

Great Rainfall in California

Great is our rainfall here, and almost as
great is it in the lower counties of the State
where dry years are common. The South
has been having floods which have sent the
rain-gauge higher than it has been for years.
'Tie well ; crops will be good, and if every-
thing goes well the honey crop will be the
best in a long time. But it is too soon to
"count one's chickens." Here we have a
great season. The rains began in September;
it has been raining a good portion of this
month. Wild flowers as well as fruit-blos-
soms, to say nothing of garden flowers, are
out in full swing. IE it were not so wet the
bees would have a feast galore. They work
between showers, however. > I notice that
they have not increased as fast as might have
been expected. W. A. Pryal.

San Francisco Co., Calif., March 20.

Bees Still in the Cellar

Our bees are not out of the cellar yet.
There have been quite a good many days
when they could fly, but others when they
were belter off inside. It remains quite cool
and cloudy. Eugene Secob.

Winnebago Co., Iowa, March 20.

Fruit-Trees Beginning to Bloom

Bees are working finely here. Peaches and
plums are beginning to bloom.

P. T. Lemaster.
Spartanburg Co., S. C, March 11.

WANTED-FIFTY 3-FRAME NUCLEI

Best Italian, with queens, in 10 frame single-
walled hives— hives to be complete, super ship
flat, including honey-boards, f.o.b. New York
ior Porto Rico, by July 15th. Terms caah. Best
offer from reliable house will be considered.
Please address,

MANES & SIEBERT,

13Alt San German, Porto Rico.

With tears of sweetest joy,
That nothing can alloy,
I arise to say that
(Excuse this shabby hat)

DOOLITTLE

Has worked so very hard
That he has got a " pard "
To help him with his bees.
And if jou wish to please

yonrself and ns, send for
a circular giving- particu-
lars regarding our iine
ITALIAN QUEENS.
Prices for Queens this
season will be as follows :
1 3

Untested $1.00 |2.2S

Tested 1.25 3.00

Select Tested ..ISO 4 00
Select Tested
11904 rearing) .. 2.50 ....

Select Breeding "5.00

Extra Select

Breeding 10.00

Prices quoted by ihe
dozen or hundred. i

Doolittle S Clark,

llDtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., IN. Y.

March 1st to April 15th

2 percent Discount.

Dovetailed Hives from Michigan White Pine,
$1.25 each, l)^-story for comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive and.Box Go.

lOAtf LANSINQ, MICH.

March 30, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

255

B66SUPPII6S

Ouaranteefl Superioritii ! ^

Lowes^PricesI

We have been making Bee-
nives. Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

Nkw ..Illustrated .. Catai^g
free ; also sample copy of

TheAmerican Bee Keeper

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best mag-azine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N.Y.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois. — The Western Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its spring meeting- April
5, in the County Court Room, in Galesburg".
Seasonable subjects will be discussed. Each
meeting so far has been more interesting- than
the previous one^ and we hope to continue that
waj. We earnestly invite all who are interested
in this industry who are within easy reach of
GaleBbnrg, to be at this meeting.

E. I). Woods, Sec.

Texas.— The North Texas Bee Keepers' Asso-
ciation meets at Blossom, Texas, April 5 and 6,
1905. We are expecting a good attendance and
a very profitable meeting. We earnestly invite
all who are interested to attend.

J. M. Hagood, Pres. I. N. Hunter, Sec.

Michigan. — The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers* Association will meet in Lady Macca-
bees Hall, at Central Lake, Wednesday and
Thursday, April 5 and 6, 1905. Hotel rates will
be. The Tavern, $1.50 per day. Editors A. I.
Root and W. Z. Hutchinson will be present;
also E. D. Townsend, Geo. E. Hilton and a num-
ber of other practical apiarists of Northern
Michigan. If you have never attended a con-
vention let us suggest that you try it for once,
and you will have a higher opinion of your call-
ing when you leave. W. Mohrmann, Sec.

Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, Pres.

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring convention in the Mayor's
Office, City and County Building, April 7, at 10
a.m. All are invited. Matters of great interest
to bee-keepers, and horticulturists will be con-
sidered. Cache Valley's experience of killing
the bees by poison spraying in the bloom must
not be repeated. Jot down your thoughts on
this or any other question, and bring or mail
the same. G. E. Garrett, Sec.

E. S. LovESv, Pres.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consull

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

FOR SALE

The apiary of the late Charles B. Achard, is
for sale in Rochelle, Dn Page Co., 111. It con-
tains 11 colonies, 30 complete Danzenhaker
hives (15 of them unused), tools, sections, foun-
dation, etc. Inquire of

MISS A. M. ACHARD, Rochelle, III.

13A4t Please mention the Eee Journal.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COIPLETE STOCK FOE 1905 HOW 01 HAH.

raiiGHT BATES FBon cncmiiTi ire the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.
Send for same.
Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by
ordering now.
Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

It^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- Scestrax-f

Chicago, March 8.— There has been some-
what of an increase in the number of sales dur-
ing the past 4 weeks, yet the volume has not
been large, while prices are if anything lower
than in January, especially on other grades
than white clover. Fancy grades of white comb
bring 12Ji@13c; No.l, 12c, with some off in color
at ll@ll)i cents; amber grades slow at 8@10c.
Extracted, white, wSiTc; amber, SiiSiMc; the
price being governed by quality, flavor and
package. Beeswax, if clean and good color, 30c
per pound. R. A. Bcrnbtt & Co.

Nbw York, March 11.— There is no improve-
ment in the comb honey situation. The demand
is next to nothing; quotations nominal and no
doubt some of the stock will have to be carried
over. We quote fancy at I3c; No. 1 at from
ll@12c, and dark at from 9@10c. Extracted is
in fair demand; White at from 6@bMc; light
amber at 5i^c; Southern in barrels from S0@57c
per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm
at 29c. Hn.DKETB & Sbgblken.

Boston, March 9.— The demand for comb
honey still continues light with heavy stocks
on hand. Fancy white, lS@16c; No. 1, 14c. Ex-
tracted, 6@8c, according to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb,

Kansas City, March 17.— The honey market
still shows very little life and prices are down
and very weak, the best white honey selling at
$2 a case and down as low as $1.25. Extracted
from 4H@6>ic. Beeswax, 28c. We have been
expecting the market to do better, but so far
have been disappointed. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, O., March 20. — The comb honey
market has been a drag the last month; this
caused the holders to offer extra inducements
in prices. Quotations obtained are as follows:
No. 1 fancy water-white comb, 12®13c; No. 2,
105^@llJ^c. Extracted; white clover in barrels,
f>iic\ in cans, 7!^@s cents; amber, in barrels,
S'A®Siic; in cans,t.@6Xc. Beeswax, 27c.

C. H. W. Weber

Philadelphia, March 22.— As the season ad-
vances, the call lor honey is decreasing, and
the market at the present time is dull. Some
few sales. We guote: Fancy white, 13(a>14c;
No. 1, ll@12c; amber, He. Extiacted, white,
6H'"-7c; amber, S'-jMoc. Beeswax, 2Sc.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblsek.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme colJ weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote; Fancv white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12&13c;
mixed, 10@llc; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,

better demand: Buckwheat, 6(ai6Hc; white,
6@6^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wrioht.

Cincinnati, March 10— There is little, if any,
improvement in the honey market here, since
our last quotation. We hope to render a more
encouraging rejport soon. We quote amber ex-
tracted honey in barrels and cans at 5K@6>4c.
White clover at 7@8c. Fancy white comb at
12®13c. Beeswax, 28c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

San Francisco, March IS.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber, 8@10c. Extracted,
white, 6@65< cents; light amber, 4X@S5<c; am-
ber, 3?i@4Kc; dark amber, 3@3Hc. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Local demand is light, but there is considera-
ble going outward, another shipment of 200
cases being made this week to Germany. Stocks
are largely of amber grades and are not of very
heavy volu me, but are ahead of immediate local
requirements, there being no disposition on the
part of jobbers and retailers here to carry much
honey at this advanced date in the season.

kO eiva.i in oi g tnojj js^i pay

a

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything ia
the smoker Hue; 3 In the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enoui^'U tor me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner,

256

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 30, 190S.

LEWIS' GOODS IN THE EAST.

NOTICE.

We have iust arranged with the following well-known firm for the sale of our goods
in Pennsylvania and vicinity. They will handle our Bee-Supplies in Large Quantities
at Factory Prices, and can furnish you anything m our Catalog promptly.

Cleaver b Greene ^ ^^ Troy, Pa.

Following is a complete list of distributing points for Lewis' Goods :

Where Are Yoa ?

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. Lumber Co., Faribault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton, O.

A.G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

York Honey & Bee Supply Co.,
Chicago, in., 1 41 & 143 Ontario St.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport,
Iowa.

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars, Iowa.

Southwestern Bee Co., San Anto-
nio, Tex., 438 W. Houston St.

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

1S81HHH1BR

Where Are Yon?

Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n,
Denver, Colo.

Fruit Growers' Assn., Grand Junc-
tion, Colo.

Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.

R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.

Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.

Chas. H. Lilly & Co., Seattle, Wash.

Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.

A. Coppin, Wenona, 111.

California Lumber & Milling' Co.,
San Francisco, Calif.

C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Herts, Eng.

W^A'S^^^iWASkWi^SiikWtWi^

' ' This is the lumber that makes the hives that Lewis makes. ''

Send for free Catalog of 88 pages

G. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown,Wls.

\

^ce Journal

WEEKLY-SI. OO A YEAR.

Published by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO., 334 Dearborn Street,

45th Year.

CHICAGO, ELL., APRIL 6, 1905.

No, 14.

A Group of Members of the Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Convention.

(See page 262.)

1. W. J. Manley 9. Geo.H.Kirkpatrick 13. E. S. Hall 18. W. D. Sonet

4. John Short 10. Oscar Smith 14. T. F. Bingham 19. Clyde Cady

■. Huber H. Root 11. (i. A. Bleech 15. L. 8. Griggs -26. R L. Catlin

8. A. G. Woodman 12. C. L. Brigham 16. W. E. Forbes -'7. Geo. E. Hilton

33. Mrs. Geo. Jackouu
33. Mrs. E. S. Hall

35. E. D. Towusend

36. C. A. Hu£E

oi. E. li. T.vrrell

38. Frank Rasmussen

39. O. H. Townsend

41. L. C. Woodman

42. W. Z. Hutchinson

I

258

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6 IW'S.

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bbe Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-
ularly :

C. C. MILLER,

Of Illinois.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,

Of New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A. J. COOK,

Of California.

Semi-monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

#

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleaulues In Bee Culture,
6 mouths, 25c.

We are certain that any one" inter-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After yon have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 2Sc. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

;ITTT^»'T»«1T1IITTTTI«IHSXIHIIH

£noIosed find i?5 cents, tor vrhlcb
send me GJeaning-s in Bee Cul-
ture 6 mentis.

NAME . . .

P. 0

COUNTY.
STATE...

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken from our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The business lor many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for The A. I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A. I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers and Friends :

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

George W. Tokk & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences offered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnue — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit.

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders ^sewhere.

DANZEXBAKER HIVE.

♦Tacts About Bees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable infort^a-
tion. Sent on receipt of a 2-cent stamp to pay the postage. Send tor it.

Th^ Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE.
Three Points of Excellence :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SPH3ciA.i_i itotich:

The great popularity of the Danzenbaker hive has brought the shallow brood-frame and the
tall plain sections into prominence. It mast be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything jdst
RiGBT, so you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any of onr
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, 111.

v^&&e&&&&&^&€^'i&&^^&^&^&&&&e.&^,e,e49y&&&&^&&e.&@^^.

^861 ^

Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
PubUsbed Weekly at 91.00 a Tear by George IT. York A Co., 334 DearbomlSt.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,, APRIL 6, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No. 14.

=^

fibitortal Hotcs
anb (Eommcnts

J

The Honey-Producers' League

This is the name of a new organization which is
described in detail by its Secretary, in the following :

THE HONEY-PRODUCERS' LEAGUE

PROSPECTUS AND CONSTITUTION.

A crisis has been reached in bee-keeping. The time is now here
when bee-keepers must band together, as never before, fight an insidi-
ous foe, and cope with the conditions of modern times. In short, the
wide-spread ignorance regarding the value of honey as a food (its
deliciousness, cheapness and digestibility), coupled with an almost
universal belief in its adulteration, which belief is fostered by the
continued publication of untruthful stories concerning manufactured

comb honey, to which may be added the fact that cheap syrups are
being pushed upon the market with great vigor— all these combined
are depressing the honey market beyond all precedent; and, unless
something is done to counteract these influences, our occupation, or
at least a good share of its profitableness, will soon be gone-

A large share of last year's honey crop is still unsold, while the
market is practically dead, as is easily shown by reference to the mar-
ket reports. The crop of the coming season will soon l>e here, and
should it prove a bountiful one, with last year's crop still unsold,
where will prices go then? We may as well face the situation
squarely. Then comes the all-important question: What shall we
do about it?

Three or four of us began recently to discuss this question pri-
vately by mail, and we decided to act promptly to the extent of sum-
moning (some by telephone and telegraph) to a conference in Chicago
some eight or ten representative manufacturers, dealers, publishers
and honey-producers. As a result, such a meeting was held March 14
and 15, the whole two days being occupied in forming an organization,
and in discussing ways and means whereby said organization can in-
crease the demand for honey.

The first step was the drafting of a Constitution, which reads as
follows :

Constitntion

ARTICLE I — Namb and Headquarters.

Sec. 1. — The name of this organization
shall be " The Honey-Producers' League."
8bc. 2. — Its headquarters shall be Chicago,

ARTICLE II— Ob-iects.

Its objects shall be to create a larger de-
mand for honey by popularizing its use
among the consuming public through adver-
tising in newspapers and magazines its great
value as a food, and by such other methods
as may be considered advisable by the Execu-
tive Board. Also by publication of facts con-
cerning the production of honey to counter-
act any misrepresentation of the same.

ARTICLE III— Membership and Dues.

Sec. 1. — Any bee-keeper may become a mem-
ber by paying to the Manager an annual fee
of Jl.OO for each 20 {or fraction of 20) colo-
nies of bees (spring count) he owns or ope-
rates.

Sec. 2. — Any honey-dealer, bee-supply deal-
er, bee-supply manufacturer, bee-paper pub-
lisher, or any other firm or individual, may
become a member on the annual payment of
afeeot $10, increased by one-fifth of one (1)
percent of his or its capital used in the allied
interests of bee-keeping.

Sec. 3.— The annual dues shall be payable in
advance, on or before May 1 of each year.

Sec. 4. — Membership shall cease when dues
are in arrears three months.

ARTICLE IV— Executive Board.

Sec. 1. — An Executive Board, consisting of
seven members, shall be elected by mail bal-
lot annually in the month of March (after the
first election) , the ballots to be sent to the

membership between March 1 and 5, the polls
to be closed at noon April 1. They shall be
the seven members receiving the highest num-
ber of votes cast. In case of a tie-vote, the
other members of the Board shall decide it.

Sec. 2. — The votes shall be mailed to the
Secretary, who, with another member to be
selected by the balance of the Executive Board,
shall together count the votes and certify the
result to the Manager, who.shall then forward
copies of the same to the United States bee-
papers for publication, and also give same in
his annual report.

Sec. 3. — The Executive Board shall have
the general management of the League^ and
shall elect from their number the officers
named in Article V, Sec. 1, who shall exe-
cute the orders of the Board, and hold their
several offices until their successors are elected
and qualified.

Sec. 4. — The Executive Board shall meet
annually on the third Wednesday in April, in
Chicago, for the election of officers, and for
the transaction of such other business as may
regularly come before it.

Sec. 5. — Special meetings of the Executive
Board shall be held when called by the Presi-
dent, upon request of three or more members
of the Board.

ARTICLE V— Officers.

Sec. 1. — The officers shall be a President,
V'ice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and
Manager.

Sec. 2.— The duties of the President and
Vice-President shall be such as usually devolve
upon these officers.

Sec. 3.— The duties of the Secretary shall
be to keep a record of the meetings of the
Executive Board, and to count the ballots of
all the membership, as provided by Article
IV, Sec. 2, the result of which he is to for-
ward at once to the .Muaager.

Sec. 4. — The Treasurer shall keep a record
of all moneys received from the Manager,
giving his receipt therefor; and he shall pay
out funds only on bills approved [is per Sec. 5
of this Article.

Sec. 5.— The duties of the Manager shall be
to conduct the actual business of the League
as directed by the Executive Board ; to keep
a list of the membership; to account for all
moneys received, and turn same over to the
Treasurer, taking his receipt therefor ; to pre-
pare and mail in March of each year, to the
membership, an annual report containing a
financial statement, and such other matters as
would be of interest to all concerned, includ-
ing all ballots and amendments; and to issue
orders on the Treasurer for payment of all
bills when countersigned by the President.

Sec. 6. — The Treasurer and Manager shall
each furnish suih bond as shall be satisfactory
to the Executive Board.

ARTICLE VI— SaLAKIBS and ExFENSBSf.

Sec. 1.— No salary shall be paid any officer
of this League, but the actual expanse of
holding meetings of the Executive Board
(when they deem such necessary) shall be
paid from the general expense fund.

Sec. 2.— There shall be an allowance of (.5)
percent of the cash receipts to cover all gen-
eral expenses, such as printing, meetings of
the Executive Board, etc., the remaining
ninety-five (95) percent to be applied on the
advertising proper.

ARTICLE VIII— Amendments.

This Constitution may be amended by a
two-thirds vote of the membership at any
regular election, provided such proposed
amendment \>d tirst submitted to the Execa
tive Board and approved by it.

260

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6, 1905.

Jlinutes of First Meeting

A temporary organization was efEected and the foregoing Consti-
tution adopted, when, upon motion of Ralph W. Boyden, the follow-
ing members were elected as an Executive Board : Dr. C. C. Miller,
W. Z. Hutchinson, Arthur L. Boyden, George W. York, C. P. Dadant,
N. E. France and George C. Lewis.

A permanent organization was then formed, and the following
officers elected: President, Dr. C. C. Miller; Vice-President, George
C.Lewis; Secretary, W. Z. Hutchinson; Treasurer, Arthur L. Boy-
den ; Manager, George W. Yorlr.

Before adjourning it was resolved to do no general advertising until
there is at least S5000 in the hands of the Treasurer; the Manager was
instructed to take the necessary steps for securing the incorporation
of the League ; and the Secretary and Manager were appointed a com-
mittee to prepare the necessary literature for use In soliciting mem-
bership. „ . . J
Some Questions Answered

While the Constitution quite clearly outlines the aims and objects
of the League, a few questions will naturally spring to the lips of one
who contemplates joining its ranks, hence it may be well to answer
in advance as many as possible of them.

Naturally, the first question asked will be: " Why form a new
organization when the Constitution of the National allows the use of
its funds for such work?" Principally because the National has not
enough money at its command to do the work effectively, and it could
not raise enough without a change in its Constitution, as, at present,
only one extra assessment of .51.00 per member can be made each year,
while the work of advertising, to be effective, requires thounands of
dollars at once.

Perhaps some will ask why the matter was not discussed in ad-
vance in the bee-papers, and a public meeting called? Why was the
mattter kept quiet, and the work done with apparent secrecy? It was
done so quickly simply to save time. When the true situation had
fairly dawned upon the three or four who were first discussing the
matter, it became equally apparent that only by the most prompt and
active work could anything be done that would help the sale of the
last year's honey crop before the coming of this year's crop.

Some may wonder why the members of the Executive Board were
all chosen so near Chicago. They were thus chosen that they might
quickly and cheaply attend Board meetings. Should an important
question requiring immediate action come up, telegrams sent every
member in the afternoon would enable them to be in Chicago the next
morning. It any mistake has been made in the choice of officers, it
can be corrected at the next election. As it is, however, it is doubtful
it a set of officers can be chosen who would have more completely at
heart the success of the undertaking. Besides this, they are all
friendly to one another, and will work harmoniously as a unit.

It may be asked why no salaries are paid the officers. If these
men are willing to give so freely of their money, they should be
equally willing to give their time ; besides, if they were paid salaries,
many might be inclined to look upon the whole thing as a scheme on
the part of the officers to put tuoney into their own pockets. As it is,
these men are really putting in their time, money, and energies, ex-
pecting no reward except such as will come to them from the improved
conditions of bee-culture. Only as honey-producers are benefited will
any benefit come to manufacturers, dealers and publishers, yet a
heavier burden is placed upon them than upon the actual honey-pro-
ducer. The contributions of the Board members alone will reach
nearly $1000.

Every one will, of course, be interested in knowing what forms of
advertising will be adopted. Mainly that of advertising in the daily
papers and maguzines. (No advertising will be done in the bee-jour-
nals, as that would be simply a waste of money.) Probably the first
feature will be that of killing, or removing, the false beliefs regarding
the manufacture of artificial comb honey. Large space, perhaps one-
fourth or one-eighth page, will be used in leading dailies, a large head-
ing reading something as follows :

810,000 rOBFEITED!

Then will follow an explanation and refutation of the matter, and
the offer of $10,000 as a forfeit to any one who can show a sample of
comb honey that has been produced artificially. Of course, cure will
be taken to word the offer properly, so that no technical advantage
may be taken. The best talent of the country will be employed in pre-
paring and placing the advertising. Many papers that publish these
advertisements will probably be willing also to publish articles on bee-
keeping written with a view to increasing the demand for honey. Pos-

sibly firms that print " patent insides " for other newspapers may be
induced to use such articles.

At fairs and exhibitions it may be advisable to have educational
honey exhibits, together with the distribution of suitable literature.
Possibly it may be well to put stereopticon lectures in the field ; but, as
has already been stated, newspaper advertising will be the main feature.

AN ENCOUKAGING INCIDENT.

Let me tell just one little incident: On the train, while going
home from the meeting, I fell to talking with a young man who occu-
pied the seat with me. As we became somewhat acquainted I told
him of the object of my trip to Chicago, going somewhat into detail.
In reply, he said in substance : •

" At our home we are fond of biscuit and pancakes, with honey or
maple syrup. We send down to Vermont, to an acquaintance, to get
the maple syrup, as that is the only way that we can feel certain we
are getting the pure article. We don't buy honey very often because,
while I had never heard how the story started as you explain it, I had
been led to believe that a good share, even of comb honey, was manu-
factured stuff (mostly paraffin, and glucose) , and I didn't care to eat
it. I am very glad to have met you, and to have it proved to me so
conclusively that I can eat comb honey, and feel that it is the genuine
article."

Friends, there are millions of men and women just exactly like
my chance acquaintance, and, in the language of the street, it is " up
to us " to convince them of the error of their belief. If we could in-
duce one million of them to step into the groceries to-morrow and
each buy a pound of honey, what do you suppose would happen?

This is the work for us to do, and it is the most important work
that has been taken up in our line in many a long year. Every other
industry is puRhing its products upon the markets by every means
imaginable ; are we to sit supinely down and let ignorance, misrepre-
sentation, and business enterprise push our product off the earth? See
how new and unknown things are pushed to the front by the force of
advertising; let us not lag behind, but use this new force in modern
business — advertising — to push our delicious product into the position
it so richly deserves.

Just a parting word; Don't wait to " see how it is going to turn
out." If others are putting in their time and money for the good of
the cause — to accomplish something that will help you — meet them
half way, join hands with them, do it promptly, and success is assured.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hdtchinson, Secretary.

^M° Address all business correspondence, memtiership dues, etc.
to the Manager, George W. York, 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

If you have read all the foregoing- carefully we believe
you will agree that it is the right kind of a move to make
on the part of bee-keepers. Surely, something ought to be
done to place honey on a more-certain-demand basis. And
we don't know of anything else that should be as effective
as the kind of work that is proposed to be done by The
Honey-Producers' League.

But it will require money to do the work. And yet, in
the manner proposed, it will not be heavy on any one per-
son. The plan is to divide it around among the thousands
of those interested in bee-keeping or honey-production so
that it shall be no burden on any one.

Already the following are entered on the Manager's
Membership Book as having paid their first year's dues :

Dr. C. C. Miller $ 10

George W. York 25

Geo. C. Lewis (for G. B. Lewis Co. ) 210

H. M. Arnd (for York Honey and liee-Sapply Co.) 15

E. Whitcomb 1

Arthur L. Boyden (for A. I. Root Co ) 610

E. Kretchmer (for Kretchmer Mtg. Co.) 50

W. Z. Hutchinson 13

C. P. Dadant (tor Dadant cS Sons 70

Griggs Bros 11

F. A. Salisbury 30

Total ¥1045

We trust that as rapidly as possible our readers will be-
come members of The Honey-Producers' League, and thus
aid in furthering their own interests as well as the interests
of all who are connected in any way with honey or its pro-
duction.

April 6, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

261

^

Znisccllmteous
Hcips •:♦ 3 terns

J

Honey Ointment for Sores. — Honey and flour mixed to the
extent of half the quantity of honey with water is stirred into a stiff
naase. Linseed oil and the yolk of an egg to be added in order to give
the same u tenacious tendency. Quite simple; try it. — Rural Califor-
nian.

Truly Wonderful. — The following interview was recently sent
us by C. G. Schevalier, of Maryland, having been clipped from the
tunny column of the Philadelphia Press :

WONDERFUL.

Mr. Kidder — Tes, this is artificial honey.

Mrs. Kidder— You don't say \

Mr. Kidder — Yes; gathered from artificial flowers by artificialbees.

Mrs. Kidder— The idea !

Country Life in America is perhaps the most beautifully
illustrated monthly publication in the United States. The April issue
contains an article on bee-culture by Anna B. Comstook, of New York
State. The price of "Country Life in America " is $3.00 per year, or
25 cents per issue, postpaid. On receipt of this latter amount its pub-
Ushers, Doubleday, Page & Co., either at their New York City or Chi-
cago address, will mail a copy of the April issue. The Chicago ofBce
is Room 345 Marquette Building.

Bee-Keeping in Wisconsin. — Pres. N. E. France, of the
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association, wrote us as follows March 11;

Yesterday I got the Wisconsin State Fair premium list changed,
adding $100. It is now as follows:

lat. 21. 31.

Italian bees, single-comb nucleus $8 $ 5 $?

Carniolan bees, single-comb nucleus 8 5 3

White comb honey, 10 pounds 10 6 4

White extracted honey, 10 pounds 10 6 4

Amber comb honey, 10 pounds , S 5 3

Amber extracted honey, 10 pounds 8 5 3

Dark comb honey, 10 pounds 7 3 2

Dark extracted honey, 10 pounds 7 3 3

Most attractive comb honey exhibit 15 12 8

Most attractive extracted honey exhibit 15 12 8

Yellow beeswax, 10 pounds 3 2 1

Premiums are offered for Wisconsin products only. Now is the
time for Wisconsin bee-keepers to begin to get ready for the State
Fair. I am to be an exhibitor, but not for any premiums.

Also, yesterday, I got the new Wisconsin Food Law on honey
so changed as to protect the beekeeper better against adulterated
honey. Bees in Wisconsin are reported as wintering well, and clover
looking good. N. E. France.

Missouri's Apiary Bill Vetoed by Got. Folk. — As an-
nounced last week. Gov. Folk vetoed the Apiary Bill passed by both
branches of the Missouri Legislature. In doing so, Mr. Folk " got
off ■' the following:

To the Secretary of iState —

Sir : — I have the honor herewith to transmit to you, without my
approval, Senjte Bill No. 268, entitled, " An Act to provide for the
appointment of a State Inspector of Apiaries, and to regulate the
duties thereof, providing a penalty for disposing of diseased honey or
bees," which reached me within the ten days next before the adjourn-
ment of the General Assembly.

This Act provides for the appointment of a Bee-Inspector to look
after the apiaries of the State. On the first examination, if he thinks
the bees are diseased, he is to give the person in charge instructions
as to the manner of treating them. Provision is also made for a sec-
ond examination, and the Inspector may then, if he sees fit, physio the
bees himself, or if he thinks best he may destroy them.

This measure illustrates the fallacious idea that the Government
can do more for the individual than the individual can do for himself.
Any one intelligent enough to conduct a bee-industry is certainly bet-
ter qualified to attend to them and manage his own business than any
State Inspector could possibly be.

There is no magic in a State inspectorship of bees, or anything
else to cure the ills that may exist. It is said this measure is asked for
by the honey-raisers to suppress contagious diseases among bees. But
they can, by meeting together and exchanging ideas, do for them-
selves what the State can not do through this Bill. If all together
they are unable to cope with the situation, how can one of them,
named as Inspector, do better?

The principle of the measure is paternalistic, and not in accord
with the democratic theory of government. The Inspector is author-

ized to go to any one's home, and if he should not like the way the
bee-hives are conducted, he could for some real or imaginary disease
annihilate the whole brood, leaving th^ owner without remedy, but
for all of which the Inspector would receive ?4 a day.

Any Inspector appointed would be only a man, with defects just
like other men. He could not have superhuman knowledge of bees
or of the bee-business, and could not be expected to accomplish more
than the individual bee-keeper could for himself.

My opinion is, this question would best be left to the owners of
bees, and to the bees themselves, who have repeatedly demonstrated
their qualities of self-reliance. Respectfully,

Joseph W. Folk, Governor.

By the same lines of argument Mr. Folk would veto a Bill provid-
ing for health officers in cities, for it people generally were not '• intel-
ligent enough " to keep themselves and their children well, and free
from contagious diseases, why, it would be ridiculous to call in a
health officer !

Besides, other States having equally intelligent and sane men as
governors are approving such wholesome and just legislation. Surely,
Mr. Folk, did he rightly understand the Missouri Apiary Bill, would
not have vetoed it. It was a needed and just measure, and should
have been approved by Gov. Folk.

But Messrs. Abbott, Holekamp, Stewart, and others of the hus-
tling Missouri bee-keepers will now have a chance both to enlighten
and sweeten their mistaken Governor.

-V (Eontrtbutcb •<-
Special dvticUs

=\

Wintering Nuclei in Observatory Hives

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

JUST when I begin to think complacently that there's
some one thing about which I know pretty nearly for
certain, along comes some one to give me a rude jolt by
showing that I don't know, after all. This time it's a Con-
necticut Yankee, although there's nothing rude in his man-
ner of giving the jolt. I supposed it was hardly a practica-
ble thing to winter successfully a one-frame nucleus in an
observatory hive, although a good many have tried it.
Well, Allen Latham feels pretty sure it can be done, and for
the very good reason that he has done it.

After reading what I said on page 183, he wrote me a
letter which, although not intended for publication, con-
tains so much information that I must ask his pardon for
giving others the benefit of at least a part of it. That part
follows :

My Dear Dr. Miller:— I still think that you misunderstand the
intention of " New Jersey," and though I would not make any rejoin-
der through the columns of the American Bee Journal, I think that I
will write to you that I may make my own position plainer.

I surely think that the questioner wished to find out a good way
to feed an observatory-hive colony during the active months, and I
surely thought, when I first read the question, that " late summer "
meant the last of August or early in September.

It would be no idle boast for me to lay claim to knowing some-
ing about the care of an observatory hive, for I have kept bees in one
continuously since May, 1902, and now have 5 full colonies which are
direct descendants from that colony. Of its own swarms one came
out May 11 and the other May 21, the following year.

I had studied bees many years, and tried without success to winter
them in single-comb glass-hives till the winter of 1902-3, when I par-
tially solved the problem. My two observatory hives this winter attest
that I have completely solved the probi' m.

One of the secrets of success in this venture is in causing the little
colony to breed late in the fall— till Oct. 20, if possible. This is done
by feeding and nursing till the weather makes it unwise to go farther.
In this way the colony is composed of young bees which will stand the
unusual test to which these bees are to be subjected. If this is not
done, and only old bees, bees hatched, that is, emerged, in August and
early September, make up the colony, the colony will suffer unless the
spring is early and abounding in days when Ijeescan gather pollen.

The limited comb-space prevents the storing of much pollen in the
fall, and the small colony must depend iu spring upon new pollen for
its first young bees. If deprived of this the old bees, rapidly dying oft,
leave the hive almost deserted.

If the winter is severe only the strong bees will survive even into
March.

Knowing these facts concerning the observatory hive, I realized

that " New Jersey," and others who might supply a hive with a comb

I of honey earlier than late in September or early October, would prol>-

I ably commit a fatal error. If this comb of honey has a patch of sealed

262

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6, 1905.

brood in the middle of it as large as my band, or say about 25 square
iDches, then all is well.

So you see, Dr. Miller, that even though brood-rearing may have
ceased in the yard in the reguar colonies, that it must not have ceased
in the little hive in the window, and it was this fact that led me to
write what I did on page 126. I naturally did not stop to think that
the " late summer " carried a different meaning to others than it did
to myself.

Bees here have wintered excellently, and the spring seems to be
opening up earlier than it did last year. Almost every day I see bees
out after water. Allen Latham.

New London Co., Conn., March 13.

Some Notes and Comments— Bee-Hives

BY F. GREINER.

SOME bee-hives are so constructed that it seems neces-
sary to give them frequent " goings-over " — removing
propolis, burr-combs, and the like, in order that the
combs may be handled easily. I have kept bees in frame
hives for 30 years, and have not found it necessary to clean
any of the frames or hives when there were bees in them. I
use hives with wood rabbet and frames made of one-inch-
■wide material. There is not a frame in my 200 occupied
hives but can be taken out with comparative ease, and
nearly all my frames are of the loose-hanging kind. When
for some reason a hive-body is empty — as it often happens
when we " shake " bees — why, then, if it seems necessary,
we scrape the inside and the rabbets, but it is not generally
necessary.

On the tops of my frames some burr-combs accumulate ;
these are sometimes removed with a simple little tool which
answers nicely as a hive-opener. It is made on the putty-
knife order, only much stouter. I made it from a piece of a
broken spring. One end is drawn out to not quite knife-
edge and is about 1% inches wide ; the other is left the size
of the steel, about l}i inches wide, and has the corners
nicely rounded. It suits me very much better than the
screw-driver I have been using for many years. I made me
a number of these tools and keep one in each yard. They
are very handy.

SECTION-PRESS FOR FOLDING SECTIONS.

When it is proposed to employ a machine to do certain
work the questions come up : Is the work done more effec-
tively, better, quicker, with less expense 7 What does the
machine cost ? These questions came to me when I was
reading Mr. A. F. Foote's illustrated article on a section-
press. I don't see that this press facilitates the work. I
am able to fold as many sections without it, simply using
my fingers to do the work. I fold the sections into a square
corner improvised by a piece of scantling securely fastened
to the work-bench. The thumbs do the pressing. The tap
of a light hammer is very seldom required, and only when
a section for some reason fails to go together as it should.
Before I invest in a machine I must be satisfied that I can
save something by using it.

Mr. Editor, you said before the bee-keepers in St. Louis
that honey ought to bring SO percent more than it does now.
I want to ask what sympathies you have for the consuming
public ? If you were a day laborer, do you think you could
afford to eat honey at an advance of 50 percent over the
present prices 7 Don't you think we would sell a great deal
more honey if it could be sold lower by 20 percent 7 My
clover honey brought me, f. o. b. my station, 14 cents. I
judge that the consumer had to pay not less than 20 cents
per pound. What working man can afford to pay 50 per
cent more, or 30 cents per pound 7 No, no, the price of
honey at 20 cents is high enough compared with 6cent
sugar.— [We meant to say that in a wholesale way prices
should be higher. — Editor. Q

RENTING LAND FOR AN APIARY.

How much should be paid for the privilege of keeping
an apiary on some one else's land depends largely upon cir-
cumstances. The bee-keeper can afford to pay generously
for such a privilege. While the occupancy by bees of a
farm costs the owner of same nothing, and is many a time
a direct benefit to him, yet we must not lose sight of the
fact that the people living on the farm may be, and often
are, inconvenienced by the bees. I find but very few people
who are willing to consent to my locating bees on their
premises. I could not hire them for a $5 bill to accept one
little bee-sting free.

There is nothing to hinder every farmer keeping bees
and producing honey enough for his own family. There is

nothing to hinder his knowing how to manage bees suc-
cessfully ; but when he does not know enough to do so, and
has no inclination to learn it, he would better keep his
hands off.

ADVANTAGES of NO-BEE-WAY SECTIONS.

The only advantage I realize from the use of no-bee-
way sections is that I save in shipping-cases and timber to
make the sections from. Six shipping-cases take the same
amount of honey in no-bee-way sections as seven cases in
bee-way sections. The no-bee-way sections cost 25 cents
less per 1000.

DRIP-STICKS FOR NO-DRIP CASES.

Drip-sticks for shipping-cases should be made thicker
than they are. It does not happen often, but sometimes
honey leaks badly on account of a crack across the flakes.
A good amount of room under the sections would prevent
the sections from becoming daubed. I have received empty
cases back from the grocery which were perfectly dry and
clean, and could be used again without replacing the paper
trays. Then, again, I have seen honey very badly daubed
because the drip-sticks were too thin.

To help out Dr. Miller, on page 39 — What would bees do
on only drone-comb — I would say that if a new swarm is
hived on drone-comb foundation only, they (the bees) will
make bad work with it. There will be all sorts of cell-
shapes. The aim of the bees seems to be to build worker-
comb. But when finished drone-combs are given, the bees
will occupy them as other combs, and make the best of it,
rearing worker-brood in the drone-comb. The reared
workers will be no larger than those reared in worker-cells.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

=^ ^

(£oni^cntton
Proceebings

rJ

Report of the Michigan State Couveation

BY E. B. TYRRELL. SEC.

The 40th annual meeting of the Michigan State Bee-
Keepers' Association was held at Grand Rapids Feb. 23 and
24, 1905. It was called to order at 2 p.m. by Pres. W. Z.
Hutchinson. The minutes of the previous convention were
read and approved.

Pres. Hutchinson asked how many believed the booklets
issued last year helped them to dispose of their honey.
Several reported sales made by the pamphlet, one member
saying it sold all of his honey for him. It was thought
beneficial in giving consumers confidence in the honey.

The Secretary then gave a financial report for the year,
showing total receipts of $43.21, and a total expenditure of
$39.80, leaving a balance on hand of $3.41. The report was
approved by the convention. A vote of thanks was then
tendered the Secretary for his reports.

It was decided that last year's motion in regard to
issuing the honey pamphlets be continued.

On motion, George W. York was requested to act as
judge on the honey exhibited at this convention.

UNITING WEAK COLONIES IN THE SPRING.

" Has any one tried putting weak colonies above strong
ones in the spring, putting a queen-excluder between the
hives?"

J. A. Pearce tried putting 16 weak colonies above 16
strong ones in the manner stated, leaving them about three
weeks, with good results. He is well pleased with the plan.
They were separated at the beginning of the honey harvest.
He did not lose any queens by this method.

H. F. Strang tried this plan by putting 18 weak ones
over 18 strong ones, with good results. The lower colonies
were very strong when put together, and the upper ones
very weak. He left them together about 22 days. They
should not be left over 25 days. He looked at them every 5
or 6 days, and found them acting as 2 colonies all the time.
He raised the front end of the hive and poured in '/i pint of
feed (half honey and half water) each day. Each colony
was put back on its own stand, and seemed to stay all right.
He would unite them the last of April or first of May. No
entrance was given to the upper story, so all used the same

April 6, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

263

entrance. One advantage in this plan was that it did away
with robbing-.

T. F. Bingham thought the only advantage of the plau
was that it saved the extra queen. Believes the upper colony
is benefited at expense of lower one.

Pres. Hutchinson thinks there is no question but that
the upper colony is benefited, but there is a question as to
whether the lower one is not hurt some.

Mr. Pearce said the strong colony is not hurt by the
weak one being above. He believes the sooner they are
put together in the spring the better.

H. K. Beecham believes that colonies too weak in the
spring to protect themselves should not be bothered with.

SNOW AROUND HIVE-ENTRANCES.

"To what extent would you remove the snow from
around the hives in the winter 7"

Huber H. Root believes it beneficial to leave the snow
around the hives, but ice should not be allowed to form in
the entrance. He reports bees wintering finely for him this
year, banked up all around with snow.

G. A. Bleach reports good success from bees covered
with snow. He had 20 to 25 colonies entirely covered by
snow, and found the heat of the bees had thawed a large
cavity at the entrance.

Geo. E. Hilton wouldn't remove the snow from around
hives until he was sure the bees could fly. He says bees
will winter if the entrance is covered by snow, and that 100
colonies need no more air than one man. He reported one
hive being hermetically sealed with ice, and the bees came
out all right. He claims bees never smother. Quite a little
discussion was raised here on the point of the amount of air
that bees need during winter.

Mr. Bingham advised a neighbor to put his bees down
cellar, and because they came out of the hives this neighbor
plugged the entrance with rags, with the result that the
bees wintered all right.

REMOVING BEES FROM HIVE-ENTRANCES.

" Did any one ever get any pay for cleaning dead bees
from hive-entrances during winter ?"

No one seemed to think it paid, and the discussion went
right back on the snow question.

C. A. Huflf reported practicing piling snow around the
hives with good results.

W. J. Manley believes in banking with snow, although
two years ago he had bees covered with snow and all died.

Mr. Hilton thought the honey used for winter stores
was to blame. He said if bees are left under snow too long
they start brood-rearing ; they will not leave the brood for
honey, and thus starve.

Clyde Cady asked if there was not danger from too
early breeding when covered with snow.

Mr. Hilton thinks there is.

Mr. Cady then asked to what extent they should be
covered.

Mr. Hilton said it doesn't matter so much to what ex-
tent they are covered, but as to length of time covered.

WRAPPING HIVES WITH BUILDING PAPER.

" Will it be a benefit to wrap colonies with one or more
thicknesses of building paper when putting them out in the
spring ?"

Mr. Kirkpatrick tried it on 20 colonies last spring with
good results. He laid it on top of the hive, then folded it
down around the hives, then put on the cover. He will use
it again this spring.

Mr. Bingham said that Capt. Hetherington reported it
beneficial.

TEMPERATURE FOR CEI,I,AR-WINTERING.

" What degree of temperature gives best results in cel-
lar-winteiing ?"

Mr. Bingham reported 30 to 35 degrees in his cellar.

Mr. Manley said 36 to 38 degrees in his cellar. A dis-
cussion then ensued on cellar-wintering, Mr. Bingham giv-
ing a clear description of his cistern cellar.

Mr. Hilton believes a cellar as described by Mr. Bing-
ham would be no good in clay ground.

Mr. Bingham believes a cellar could be built above
ground, in a clay country, of cement, then banked with
gravel. Some advocated cellar-wintering, others outdoor
wintering. L. A. Aspinwall and Mr. Hilton advocated out-
door wintering.

ACID FOR WAX-RENDERING.

"How much acid should be used in rendering old combs
into wax ?"

Mr. Root advised boiling the wax in water until all is
melted, then put in one percent of acid and boil % minute,
then pour all into a barrel into which has been previously
put 3 or 4 pailfuls of hot water, and let it stand 24 hours.
During this time the dirt in the wax sinks. Vinegar can be
used in the same manner, but is more expensive. He said
acid does not injure the wax. Vinegar, to be successful,
must be very strong. Salt has also been used.

E. D. Townsend thinks that wax should not be boiled
after it is all melted.

Mr. Root would not boil it after it is melted in render-
ing old combs, but does not believe boiling wax will darken
it unless it is burned.

Oscar Smith renders wax by steam from a steam engine.

Mr. Manley also favors steam for rendering wax. He
can render 300 pounds in half a day. He renders it over the
second time, using screw pressure.

Mr. Root advised melting the wax before putting it in
the press, as it is faster than heating in the press.

A motion was then carried, that those who are already
members of the National can become members of the Michi-
gan Association by paying 50 cents for dues for the latter.
(Concluded next week.)

®ur> Sister
BceKcepers

=J'

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

How a Bee-Keeping Sister Won— and Didn't Get It

An interesting bit of history connected with bees and
women has just been closed. The city of New York has
some 30 colonies of bees at Bronx Park, and a competent
person was to be chosen to care for them. That statement
is all that is needed to understand the following clipping
from the New York World, sent by the courtesy of Mr. W.
M. Scardefield :

A Woman Heads the List

When Park Commissioner Schrader, of the Bronx, comes to select
the first of the three apiarists which he thinks necessary to the proper
care and cultivation of the bee-colonies in the parks under his jurisdic-
tion, he will find that the name of a woman heads the eligible list
which was sent to him to-day by the Civil-Service Commission.

Emma V. Haggerty, of this city, was the only woman among the
30 odd citizens who took the examination, and she passed with 97 per-
cent. Her nearest competitor got '.)3 percent, and Mies Haggerty
demonstrated that she knew more about bees and bee-culture than any
of the aspirants.

SHE LIKES KEES.

The position pays *1200 a year, and Miss Haggerty wants it be-
cause she likes bees and has devoted a good deal of her time to study-
ing them. But the question is, Will she get it? There is no doubt
that she has proven herself the fittest of all the aspirants for the place,
but it is upsetting precedent a bit to appoint a woman to such a place
in the Department of Parks. The chances are that Miss Haggerty will
be passed over and a man appointed, but if she is it will not be with-
out strong protest from her friends, who believe that she ought to get
the place.

To pass the examination for this place required more than an ordi-
nary amount of knowledge about bees. Nine (juestions were asked of
the applicants, and they had to " know bees ■' to answer them. One
was " How does the cell of the queen-bee differ from that of the other
bees?"

Another was, " What happens when bees are left without a queen,
and how is a new queen provided*" Miss Haggerty answered these
questions like an expert; also all the juestions about how to protect
the public from being stung by the bees, how to save the bees from
disease, etc.

MIGHT SOLVE A MYSTERY.

It has been suggested that the appointment of a woman bee-
keeper might result in some information being discovered as to what
becomes of all the honey which the park bees make. No one has ever
been able to discover just where it goes, but Miss Haggerty might
solve the mystery.

The answer to the question : " Will Woman Become
City Bee-Keeper ?" is contained in the following clipping,
kindly furnished by Mr. A. D. Jacot :

Rejects 'Wonian Bee-Keeper

John H. O'Mara, of this city, has been appointed apiarist in his
Department by Park Commissioner Schrader, of the Bronx, at a salary
of $100 per month. Miss Emma V. Haggerty, a school teacher,

264

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6, 1905.

headed the eligible list with a percentage of 97. It is understood that
O'Mara was fourth on the list.

The Commissioner threw out the name of Miss Haggerty on the
ground that she was a woman, and the keeping of bees was not a
woman's work.

We are indebted to Mr. James McNeill for sending the
following' witty comments on the transaction :

Bees

I Miss Emma V. Hagfrerty, permitted by the Civil-Service Board to talfe the
examination lor a $1"J0. job as city apiarist, led a dozen men, got 97 percent, and
iB now to be denied the position because she is a woman.)

Say their judgment was B-lated,

C. S. men have wisely done;
Though a woman's not B-rated

Just B-oause she rates " A 1."

Board, Bhind it's rail B-leaguered

By the beats of politics
May B-moan the way it figured

When fair Emma took the tricks.

No B-sotted Bee the B-sora

Of B-nighted woman fears;
On her face he's sure to see some

Female smile which honey smears.

" Oh, B-ware B-skirted woman "

Is a B-atific plan,
Civil Service men are human.

Job's B-stowed upon a man.

Let the fair girl stick to sonnets

On the billows and the breeze,
Since the Bees buzz in the bonnets

Of the men who'd boss the Bees ! — J. A.

Some may think this an appropriate place to deliver a
homily upon the down-trodden condition of the " sisters,"
and the wrong they are called upon to endure at the hands
of the usurping " brothers," but all things do not-point ex-
actly in that direction.

The three clippings were sent in, not by any of the sis-
ters, but by three different brothers, and it seems a fair in-
ference to believe that they were sent in just because these
three brothers resented what they believed to bean injustice
to one of the weaker sex. If, instead of being a woman, the
first name on the list of eligibles had been a man, there
would have been equally an injustice in rejecting him for
one lower on the list, but in that case would the daily papers
have given the matter so much prominence, and ^ould the
three brothers have thought it worth while to have sent in
the clippings ?

It is something for us sisters to be proud of that the
first on the list should have been a woman ; but was her sex
really the cause of her rejection ? If so, why was the
fourth on the list chosen instead of the second ? No, if it
had been Mrs. Haggerty instead of Miss Haggerty, and her
liege lord had been the proprietor of a low dive to whom
Mr. Schrader owed a political debt ; in other words, had she
been the wife of a political boss, she might have gotten the
position even though she couldn't tell a queen from a white-
faced hornet. The very great probability is that Miss
Haggerty was rejected because O'Mara, or some of his
friends, had a pull, and not because " she was a woman, and
the keeping of bees was not a woman's work." Why, the
very idea !

Results of the Season of 1904

Some time ago I saw that Miss Wilson wanted the bee-
keepers (or their wives, rather, because all men won't write)
to give an account of their success for the year's bee-busi-
ness. We didn't thiu!- we did very well, but when we com-
menced looking around we found that we did extra well.

We had 30 colonies in the spring of 1904, and secured
ISOO pounds of extracted honey, besides about 40 pounds of
honey put away that we did not get around to extract (that
is 40 pounds to the colony), so our bees didn't do so badly
compared with what some others did.

We are right in the center of three big bee-yards, so we
couldn't do very well. They are all within 2 miles. We
didn't get any increase to speak of. One of our neighbor's
told us where there was a swarm ; I caught one myself when
he was gone away from home, and that is about all the
increase.

The bees are wintering well as far as I know. They are
on the summer stands packed in chaff. They have had two
good flights since being put away. The mice have been
working on some of them, but we think they have stopped,

or, rather, we stopped some of them with corn-meal and
strychnine.

It has been snowing here for a week, and it looks as if
we were going to have a good season for water.

The American Bee Journal is a welcome guest at our
house. Mrs. Sadie Ellifritz.

Uinta Co., Utah, Feb. 4.

2Hr. f)astg 5
Clftertl^ougl^ts

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

" TO TRUST " OR NOT " TO TRUST."

" 'Tis a point we long to know.
Oft its causes anxious thought,"
Do we boss our beans or no.
Have we Trust, or have we not?

If that's our frame of mind, the title page of Feb. 9 is of interest
as a sort of side evidence. We hardly have an old, long-established
trust; else there wouldn't be two such nice agencies in one city.
Especially there wouldn't be two agencies in a foreign city like
Havana. A recently formed trust, however, may not think best to
sweep supernumerary things all off the board immediately — takes its
quiet time to fix things just right in its own eyes.

SUGGESTION FOR PKETENTING SWARMING.

So G. M. Jones wants to keep 4 colonies of bees in a city, mainly
for study and relaxation of mind. Yet he must be absent working-
hours every day. He wants a reliable plan to keep swarms from
spreading panic among his neighbors. I don't know as I can tell him ;
but I should hardly be living up to my reputation if I did not reel off
a plan. Keep them in big one-story hives, 12 frames or more in size.
For each hive have two tat dummies so the brood-chamber can readily
be run any size from 3 frames to 13. Have 16 hives in all, and prac-
tice double division — that is, have 4 colonies in the spring and 16 in
the fall. In the fall put the bees all in 4 hives again, and harvest your
crop by extracting the 15iJ combs not needed to winter on. If they
average 3 pounds each the harvest will be 456 pounds. Plenty of ob-
jections might be made. Unless the divisions are very wisely con-
ducted there will (sad to relate) sometimes be swarms notwithstand-
ing. And in a locality where the surplus all comes in quite early, and
the fall flow is poor, the plan would be a total failure— come out with
scant honey to winter 4 colonies, and most of that scattered through
the 144 combs that wouldn't go in. Page 107.

SECTION FOUNDATION STARTERS DROPPING OFF.

May he P. D. Jones is right about his comb foundation dropping
off because the sections were too smooth ; but 1 suspect a little that he
is barking at the wrong cat. Lots of foundation falls because the
sections are just a little damp. Be sure they are dry, especially if you
have poured hot water among them previous to folding. Lots of
foundation falls because the weather was to cool when it was put on —
wants to be just nice and warm, not too hot nor too cold. Also,
there's an expert and peculiar wriggling squirm that can be given to
the handle of the Parker machine that will make wax stick when a
non-expert would find " breakers " ahead. Page 110.

SELLING FOUL-BROODY HONEY.

To forbid a man to sell honey because his bees have foul brood
looks to me like going a little further than is best. Even if a simple
sale of honey is to be penalized at all a possible two months in jail
seems rather too severe. To sell foul-broody honey to a bee-keeper,
when he presumably wants to use it for feed, might be penalized with-
out injustice. Page 116.

BUMBLE-BEES AND HONEY-BEES— CATNIP HONEY.

Queer that bumble-bees should ignore the basswood and crowd on
the alfalfa while the honey-bees totally let alone the alfalfa and
rushed for the basswood ! Just merely a difference of taste — perhaps.

From reports to date one might guess that pure catnip honey has
far too much flavoring to be good, while a second-rate honey rather
destitute of flavor is decidedly improved by a small admixture of
catnip. Page 117.

POLLEN IN THE BROOD-NEST— STARTING SWARMING.

I don't believe that pollen in the brood-nest is going to do any
harm as long as it keeps well. Quite liable to get damaged, and then
it may do harm, especially when it gets grown into solid lumps by
fungus growing in it.

I think Prof. SchoU will find that many others not in Texas some-
times succeed in getting their bees begun at the principal harvest
while free from any strong inclination toward swarming. It's the
general rule (I take it) that a grand rush of nectar does not favor
swarming unless the bees had their minds turned that way to begin
with. I will grant that this last contingency is very apt to prevail
among prosperous bees that have recently passed through a hard win-
ter. Page ll?.

April 6, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

265

=\

Doctor lllillcr's
Question - Box

J

Send Questions either to the oftice of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Black Bees— Italians or Carniolans Perhaps the Best

1. I enclose a few bees. They are the only kind here noW( and 1
would like to know what strain they are.

2. I am a beginner, and would like to know what kind of bees are
the best for this part of the country? Missodri.

Answers. — 1. They appear to be the common black bee with a
very slight admixture of Italian blood.

2. You will probably do well with Italians, and perhaps with
Carniolans.

^ • »

Feeding Bees— Wintering Bees— Preventing Swarming

1. I have n colonies of bees, 3 are in the cellar and 2 outside.
Those in the cellar we put out a few days ago for a flight. The tem-
perature was 50 degrees in the shade. They were all in good condi-
tion but one, which was short of honey. We put on a super contain-
ing a few chunks of honey before putting them back in the cellar in
the evening. Is it right to feed them that way in the cellar?

2. Is it better to leave them in the cellar until spring, or give
them a flight? The temperature of our cellar is about 33 degrees in
cold weather.

3. I must get some new bee-hives this spring, and would like to
know which are the best. I had thought of getting the 10-frame dove-
tailed with T tin supers that could be used with any width sections.
I haven't mucn time to attend to the bees.

4. Will a swarm be larger from a 10-frame hive than from an s-
frame?

5. Will a colony winter better in a 10-frame hive outside and also
in the cellar?

6. I can't walk across the bee-yard without getting stung. How
do you account for it?

7. Would a good drink of whiskey do any good?

8. To keep the bees from swarming should all the queen- cells be
cut out after swarming?

9. Will bees swarm as often from a 10-frame hive as from an S-
frame? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. Yes, only make sure that the bees have reached the
honey.

2. Having had a flight in March they will hardly need a flight
again till taken out for good, say when soft maples bloom, or later, if
the weather does not seem warm and settled.

3. Your choice is good.

4. In general, swarms should be larger from larger hives, but
there are exceptions.

5. Yes, for one who, as in your case, has little time to give them.

6. I don't know. Possibly you have a cross strain of bees which
would be improved by getting a queen of gentler blood, and possibly
you are a little rough in handling them, so as to keep them irritated.

7. I don't know how whiskey would affect bees, but it it works
as it does on most men, it would only make them worse. If you were
to drink the stutf yourself, I should expect the smell to anger the
bees, but if you'd drink enough the stings won't hurt you— say enough
to make you dead drunk.

8. You may keep them from swarming if you cut out all queen-
cells but one before the first virgin emerges, or by cutting out aU cells
after piping begins.

9. As a rule, no.

Your tenth question relates to the reliability of a supply-dealer.
That question is just a bit outside the scope of this department, but I
feel safe in saying that no advertisement is admitted into the columns
of the American Bee Journal unless it is believed that the advertiser
is entirely reliable for what he advertises.

Foul Brood-

Feeding— Increase— Hive-Entrance in Win
ter— Painted Hives

1. How early in spring can bees be treated if they have foul broo' I '

2. What Is the best method for increase?

3. Will the bees leave dead brood in the combs over winter in any
other case than that of foul brood?

4. How much sugar syrup should be fed in a day after the bees
have been treated?

5. How shall I feed them, and ought it to be done in the daytime
or at night?

6. I have 5 colonies of bees (one is small and queenless) that
would make about 4 good ones. To what number could I increaf?"

7. How large ought the hive-entrance to be for wintering b«i i
the cellar?

8. Is it best to remove the quilt and put the cover on or not?

9. If I paint the front of all my hives different, and have the hives
about 2 feet apart, will the bees know iheir own hives? Illinois.

Answers.— 1. Usually no treatment is undertaken until bees are
busy gathering.

2. I don't know. The best way for one may not be best tor
another. Study up the plans given in your bee-books, and you may
be able better than any one else to decide what is best for you. It you
have had no experience, natural swarming may be best. If you decide
on artificial increase, you will find it very fully treated in the book,
" Forty Years Among the Bees."

3. It is not likely to occur, and yet it is perhaps possible that dead
brood might be left in an outside comb over winter. Of course you
understand that live brood may be found in the combs in March, and
sometimes as early as January in your latitude.

4. Nectar should be yielding, so that there will be no need of feed-
ing. If a sudden dearth should occur, a colony should receive a pint
or more of syrup daily.

5. If you are at all careless about starting robbing, evening is the
best time to feed, but with the Miller and some other feeders you may
feed at any time unless you take special pains to start robbing.

6. It will vary greatly. In a flush season an experienced hand
would increase to 30 or more. In a poor season an inexperienced
hand will do well to hold his numbers without increase.

7. The larger the better. Some have the bottom removed entirely.
My hive-entrances are 13 by 2 inches, and I should not like to have
them smaller, and yet I have wintered bees well with one-fourth as
large an entrance.

8. Just as well to leave all on till time to put on supers.

9. I don't know just how much difference it makes to have hives-
ot different colors, but it is supposed that bees recognize colors; but
if there is a space of 3 feet between hives there ought to be no trouble
even with the same color, especially if trees or other objects help to
mark location. You can do still better by putting your hives in pairs :
2 close together, a space of 2 feet, 3 together, a space, and so on. Con-
tradictory as it may sound, the bees will have less trouble finding their
own hives in this way than when no hive is nearer than 3 feet from its

neighbor.

^

Caucasian Queens Crossed with Cyprians

Where can I get Caucasian queens? I still have those mean bees,
which no one dares to go near. I believe I have requtened 3 times
from the black bees to the present " hornets," and they get worse, it
seems to me. Will a cross with Caucasians and these hornets (mostly
Cyprian blood, I think) be a good stock? I must get gentler bees, or
quit. South Carolina.

Answer. — I don't know where you will get Caucasian queens, but
from what you say about your bees the probability is that they would
be improved by a cross with Caucasians, or with aiiythiiiri else. Very
soon you ought to find advertisements of different queen8,%nd I would
not be discouraged yet, even if previous attempts in changing blood
have not brought desired results.

Bees Hiving Themselves-ltallanlzing-Laws Against
Spraying

I am an amateur bee-keeper— just bought the first 2 colonies of
black bees in box-hives ; and I have just received my second copy of
the American Bee Journal, with which I also secured Prof. Cook's
" Bee-Keepers' Guide " and Newman's "Bees and Honey." I want
all the information I can obtain in regard to bees, and as I can not find
all that I desire in the literature which I have, I want to ask a few
questions.

1. I bought the 2 colonies of black bees merely to gain experience
before investing heavily in Italians. I intend to use the Danzenbaker
hive, as from what I can read I inter that it is the best for comb
honey. If I place an empty hive near the old colony, will not the new
swarm be quite likely to enter it of their own will, instead of fiying
off a long distance to a less desirable home in a hollow tree? It this
plan has never been tried it may prove successful in a large percen-
tage of cases, and, if so, it will save a (,'reat deal of trouble.

2. Has a bee-keeper in New York State any redress if a neighbor
kills his bees by spraying poisonous substances into fruit-blossoms
when trees are in full bloom?

3. Several apiaries have been entirely destroyed in this town in
this manner. So many bee-keepers have given *=
fruit-growing district that I concb led to try it. For this reason do
you not think that I was wise to ouy cheap, common bees to experi-
ment with the first year?

4. If I meet with success with my small venture this year, what is
your advice as to going into the business on a large scale?

5. Would you advise me to Italianize by introducing first-class
queens? or would you entirely destroy all the common bees and buy
full colonies of Italians?

6. If I introduce a flrst-class, high-priced Italian queen into each
colony of the blacks, will they gradually merge into pure Italians, or
will they be hybrids?

7. I can sell all the fine comb hooey I can produce at a good price,
if I have it in one-pound sections. Do you advise the use of the Dan-
zenbaker hive for this purpose?

8. How many colonies of bees could I keep successfully on 5 acres
of land covered with fruit-trees and i-lover?

I am entirely ignorant regardiot: bees and bee-keeping. I never
owned a bee, nor had anything to do with them before in my life, and

26o

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6, 1905.

I want to learn to attend to the business according to the latest im-
proved scientific principles. New York.

Answeks. — 1. It would be a great convenience if bees would hive
themselves when everything is made ready for them. Unfortunately,
they are more likely to prefer a hollow in some place difficult of access,
a mile or so away. I'm not sure that I ever beard of a swarm volun-
tarily entering a new hive (lots of such opportunities have been
offered) , although sometimes they enter a hive containing old comb.

2. Yes, I think New York State has a law against spraying, by
which you can be be protected.

3. It doesn't matter greatly. If you could buy Italians near home
it would be better to begin with them. If you have to send a long dis-
tance, expressage is so expensive that you would better buy any kind
you can get near home, changing the stock later.

4. Whether you make a big success or a failure this year, try it on
a little larger scale next year. Better grow into the business than to

jump into it. If you succeed for about 3 years you can then grow very
fast.

5. Whatever you do, don't think of destroying any bees. It may
be right sometimes to kill a queen, but never a colony of workers, un-
less it may be badly diseased.

6. It you get a black colony to accept an Italian queen all her
progeny will be the same as if you put her in in Italian colony. As
soon as the black bees die off (and the lite-time of a worker is only
about 6 weeks in the working season) the colony will be full-blood
Italian.

7. I prefer the regular Langstroth dovetailed hive,

8. Perhaps about 10 colonies, it you have each bee picketed so it
can not get off the 5 acres. But if the bees are allowed free flight, so
they can fly 3 miles or so in all directions, and there are no other bees
in that distance, very likely you can keep 100 colonies successfully.

You're on the right track ; do a lot of reading and thinking, and
go at least a little bit slower than you think best at increasing.

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We breed the 3 and 5 banded Italians, Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands, and Albinos,
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Tested queens, 81.25 each; Breeders, $3 to ?5 each. Untested, from either race, 75 cts. ;
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Reports a\\i)
(Sxpcrtcnccs

Still Clear and Cold

The weather is still clear and cold here,
from 6 to 10 below zero every morning, and
no signs of a change. There has not been a
day since bees went into winter quarters that
they could fly in the open air with safety.
Iri Babbeb.

St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., March 17.

Loss of Bees on Summer Stands

I lost halt of my bees the past winter by
leaving them on the summer stands. I ex-
pected to put them in the new cellar, but did
not have it ready in time. It will be all ready
for next winter.

Please tell Cora L. Hazard for me that —

The roving bee is not the "he" —

The ** he's " the other fellow.
And. Cora, dear, don't interfere

With gathering gold-dust yellow;
Nor steal her sweet of honey-bloom,

Or " she" will make you bellow.

H. W. CONODON.

Monona Co., Iowa, March 'X).

Outdoor Wintering of Bees

I have been looking over my colonies, and
find that they are all alive except one, which
is queenless. I have always wintered them on
the summer stands, and have never had any
serious loss. A year ago this winter most of
the bees in this section were killed. I lost
but 3 colonies at that time, and one died from
lack of stores.

1 shelter them from the cold west and north
winds with a few bundles of corn-stalks. Af-
ter every snow or wind storm that blocks the
entrance, I see that it is opened. What they
need is an abundance of fresh air. When I
know they are getting that, outdoor winter-
ing of bees has no terrors for me.

George Mitchell.

Cook Co., 111., March 6.

Hard Winter on the Bees

I always winter my bees on the summer
stands, and they generally come through all
right if they have plenty of stores. I put

««8^ JERSEY
CATTLE

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in that respons-
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14Atf

Please mention Bee JoumaJl wuen wntias.

APRIL BLOODED STOCK

ilethodsof treatment best suited to make money
fur readers, etc., will be contributed on Jers2y
CatMe by well-known writers. Subscribe! 25c
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BLOODEi> STOCK, BOX 2ei , OXFORP, PA.

April 6, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

267

them away last fall in better cODilition than
usual, but it turned very cold, and I don't
think the ground was clear of snow for two
months. About halt of the bees ate all of
their honey, and were dead when it got warm
enough for them to fly out again. I think we
had more snow this winter than in any other
3 winters put together.

I had 45 colonies when swarming-time was
over last season, but I doubled up some and
killed 3 for the honey. I did not get any sur-
plus last year, but I thought the bees had
plenty for winter stores. I now have about
31 colonies, having lost 13. I think the cold
weather caused them to eat their honey up so
fast.

1 think the "Old Reliable" has improved
thid winter. Guess it's the cool weather.

J. K. Hunter.

Overton Co., Teno., March 4.

Shipping and Seiiin? Comb Honey

Editor York: — From some quite expen-
sive experience I have had the past winter I
want to say that you and Mr. Muth have each
overlooked the one thing (see page 237) that
caused the lot of honey to arrive as it did,
namely, the cold weather.

Early in December I had occasion to ship by
express, 28 miles, 56 cases of comb honey,
crated. It was loaded very carefully, and I
was at the unloading point to deliver it to the
dealer. It was hauled on a spring wagon, and
properly loaded, yet there were some broken

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TREES THAT GROW

S^

--Cfc- Q' •" 1000 -. Con-
„ . ^.^ ^■''X "^ord Gr«pes,

Hardy varieties; jleld ^^ .,X *>■ P*'' '00- We
big crops. Grafted y^S^^/ par the freleht.
Apple, 4Hic; Budded .^1~ g^Y Cataloi?. EnRllBh
Peach. S)<c;Blacli yfo^ A*^ or German, tree.

Locust Seed-
Ings, ^(1 per

SI

SEnnAN NURSERIES
Boi 93. Beatrice, Neb.

Please mention Bee jonmal 'vnen 'wntinji

!1>0RMAS

Incubators
^Brooders

LOK

In price. Fully guaraiifrt:Ml. N Q Jiqi) |j
Send for free catalogue. ■ fgf

lUTA MFG. CO.. UeONIER, INDIANA. FmCililof 9

EEE-SFPPLIES

^^ Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices

Best shipping-point in United States.

Speciarinducements on Bee-Hives. 88-pag-e Catalog — good information for all

bee-keepers — free.

ASK ABOUT OUR FREE POCKET-MIRRORS.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,E.KsJiidianapolis,In(l.

Please mention Bee Journal wheu •vrn'txDS.

Important to You :

And Complimentary to Us

►

^ Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLiY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year. ^

Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
4 We have the facilities, the experience, and just the liind of goods you want. ^

They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
^ Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog. ►

JOSEPH NYSEWANDERy'6T/5*'6rw'''7'th St. Des Moines, Iowa \

8^ft— 14E5t

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

ourHI^VES and SEOTIOlSrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and material.

S By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and

S secure prompt shipment.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us.a

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES!

Root's Goods ai Root's rnces i

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. Sb

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. X

Low Freight Rates. .•. .'. Catalog Free. ^

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every ^f
^ff shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw ^t

I WALTER S. rOUDER, |

X 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

Please )k ition the American Bee Jonrnal Id^SrSS^

268

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6 1905

combs in the front rows of sections, when un-
loaded from the express car and more of them
when unloaded from the express wagon. The
honey was frozen.

I have shipped thousands of pounds of cra-
ted honey in warm weather with no damage,
at distances of 400 to 1300 miles.

The moral to both Mr. Math's letter and
this is, Don't ship comb honey during freez-
ing weather.

With reference to L. V. Rickett's article,
(page 229) I wish to say this :

In my locality we have trouble in getting
i'-i's.\% sections to weigh enough so that 24
No. 1 sections will weigh 22 pounds, on an
average, when placed between separators
while the honey is being built. Across the
country 8 miles from here the bee-keepers
must use sections of 1%-inch width in order
to keep them from weighing over 23 pounds
per case of 24 sections.

As our market demands an average of 22
pounds per case of 24 sections of No. 1 honey,
will Mr. Ricketts please name one size of sec-
tion for those two localities?

Notwithstanding the fact that Mr. Ricketts
has had far more experience in retailing honey
that I, I can't help believing that when a cus-
tomer buys a light section of honey by weight,
and pays according to the weight he gets, that
customer is satisfied with his purchase; in
fact, many prefer a light-weight section, as it
costs them less (when bought by weight), and
is plenty for the occasion for which it is
bought.

I believe in putting honey up to suit the
large buyer, but want honey sold by weight
so far as the bee-keeper and retailer are con-
cerned. Let the middlemen do as they see
best. Leo F. Hanegan.

St. Croix Co., Wis., March. 24.

[Of course, it is well known to all who have
had any experience that it is extremely risky
to ship comb honey at all in very cold weather,
on account of the great brittleness of the
comb when cold. But whether shipped in
warm or cold weather, it is best to have comb
honey packed properly, so it cat be handled
with as little danger of breakage as possible.
— Editor.]

Keeping Bees on a Roof

I have a roof-apiary 16 feet from the ground
on top of a wagon-shed. The bees do not
sting the horses, nor the people that pass,
and they store as much honey as those on the

201 h Century Wonder

"^'■■' Made entirely of metal
and oabestoe — fireproof. The

CYCLE HATCHER

is wonderfully efficient. Fifty
egg size »5.00. CatiiLipue free.

Cycle Hatcher Co., lox224,Salern,N.r.

^^^

Fruitful Trees Pi^'^Tn^'^fli'l

Millions of Fruit and ForeHt Trees, Applee, Peaches.
Cherries, Grapes and Strawberries, R. Mulberry and
Black Locust SeedlingB at special prices. Freight pre-
paid on CIO orders. Guaranteed to reach you fresh
*nd bright Don't miss our free catalogue.

• GAGK GOUNTT NURSERIES
Box 646 Beatrice, Neb.

QUEENS! QUEENS!

Am ready as usnal to far-
nish the BEST OF OUBENS
only. Have changed my ad-
dress, having moved to 1111
N. Smith St., San Antonio,
Tex., where I have better
mail service.

Untesteil Queens, 85c each ;
Tested. $1.25 each. Untested,
after April, 75o each; or *8
.per dozen ; Tested, $1 each.

I rear only the three and the five banded
Italians. DANIEI/ WUKTH,

nil N. Smith St., SAN ANTONIO, TEX.

tW Please order from these prices to save
cornspondence. 14E2t

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS 1 CHICAGO.

Best and Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Abns, Manager.

Having decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want Cood Ooods
at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY f^^^^ CO.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

H. M. ARND, Mgr. 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Beeswax 28o cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt ShiDments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIYES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

DiuiDBr's Foundation is me u%\.

Send for Catalog. Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Aogusta, Wis,

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

-SBND TO THE-

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders tlllJan. 1,1905. lA13t

Flease mention Bee journal "when writing

April 6, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

269

u

DADANT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

?i^Vf?-'w*"^

« ^ BEE-SUPPLIES * «^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

ground. I secured 1100 pouods of honey from
20 colonies, and 1 sell the extracted honey at
16 cts. per pound, and the cooib honey at 18 cts.
I can sell all I can produce with no trouble
whatever. W. M. Scabdefield.

Union Co., N. .1., March 5.

12

.80 T%t
200 Egq
•INCUBATOR

Perfect in oonstmotlon koa
aotloQ. Hfttches every fertll*
egg. Write for catalog tOHla;

QEO. M. STAHL, Quincy, III

Please mention Bee Journal -wnen ■writlnp,

LOWEST RATES EAST

are afforded via the Nickel Plate Road.
With solid throug-h trains to New York
City and intermediate points, via both
Lackawanna and West Shore Roads,
and to Boston and other New England
points, via the Nickel Plate and West
Shore and Boston & Maine Roads,
travelers via that popular low rate line
are offered all modern conveniences.
Excellent Dining- Car Service, meals
being served in Nickel Plate dining
cars on American Club Meal Plan,
ranging in price from 3Sc to $1.00. No
excess fare charged on any train on
the Nickel Plate Road. Chicago depot.
Van Buren and La Salle Sts., the only
railroad station in Chicago on the Ele-
vated Railroad Loop. City Ticket Of-
fice, 111 Adams St. 'Phone Central 20S7.
1— llA5t

Wi 8bll Root's Qoods in Michigan

Let ns qnote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndation, etc, as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bbli. Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Jotimai -when ■writiny

^ Saving 25 Perceni §

You, Mr. Bee-Keeper, are the one that is mostly interested. You want to save ™

1 all you can on your SUPPLIES, but you want good goods. That is exactly what S

. we are doing. We are turning out the best goods possible, and sell 2b percent ^

' cheaper than others. &

Send us your orders and they will be shipped promptly. ^

JOHN DOLL & SON, |

Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. S

BEE-KEKPERS' SUPPLIES.
We are now itblf lo quote lower prices than ever
before. Highest .luiility Ruaranteed. We handle the
G. B. Lewis Co'8 liuods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives. Sund for my 8H.page CataloK, and
leaflet for beginiit'r-. They are free.
44Btf W. J. MCCARTY, Emnietsburn, Iowa.

Please mention Bee journal wtten xmtUB

450.000 TREES

leOUv>rlctIe>.AlM>erai>e<.6mallFnittiietc Best root.

ed stock. Genuine, cheap. S sample lurrants mailed for
lOo. Desc. price Uat free. I«wU Boexh, Fredonla, M. Y.

^ J '^umaj ^wnen "WTiont

B66-Syppll6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a lar(re stock and
grreatest variety of everything:
needed in the Apiary, assnr.
inj- BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Frbe Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITB AT ONCE FOR CATALOO

' — Trester Supply Co., I,incoln,NeD.; Shngart & Onren, Conncll Bluff3,Iowa;
1, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Sonttawestern Bee Co., 438
, San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER M FQ. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

270

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6, 190S.

ReadThisanddoit^uick

The Modern Farmer,

Agricultural Epitomist,

Green'B Fruit Grower,

The Mayflower, and

Ten Beautiful Bulbs,

All One Year, 50 cents.

New subscribers to American Bee Journal
can add 60 cents and get it also one year.
Address,

MODERN FARRIER,

BoxB, SX. JOSEPH, MO.

Flease mennon aee journal wnen -wntrng

The
Dixie Home

BiBIIS' FOOT POWEE HICEIHEBT

Read what J. I. Parent, ol
' Charlton, N. Y., says: "We
cut with one of yonr Com-
■ bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a irreat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
' to make, and we expect to do
- ' it with this Saw. It will do all
TOn say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
' iH^r»Q<! W. F. & John Barnes,

Address, w^r .^« ^^ ^^^ Rockf ord. 111.

Wease mention Bee Jcirnai wnan ■tyritmg

1 1-2 STORY

8.frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-^'^y su
oer8,$1.00. No. 1 Sections, $4 00 for 1,030. 24-lb.
Ihipping-Cases,$13 00 for 100; 12 lb., J8.0O for
100; 20-lb. Danz., $11.00 for 100.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc by the Car-Load One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free with orders of $5.00 or oven
send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W- ?• SOPER,
l(^tf RT.3. JACKSON. MICH.

Please mention Bee journal when writing

The Big Song Success

" Dreaming ol that Old Kentucky
TTnme " Tremendous hit with all who hear It.
ii order to introduce will send a copy on re-
ceipt of 10 cents. This offer good for a short
Umeonly. Cut rate in music. Send for cat-

inE DflNlELSON GO., Jamestown, N. Y.

14C3t Mention Bee Journal when writing.

~QUEENS~

B-st 3-band Italian Bees free from disease fo^
-UnteRted Queens early '? ^ay, ,5 cts^^ 2;
frame Nucleus, with Queen, $2.25. Eight years
experience.

Chesley Presswood,

MCDONALD, Bradley Co., TENN.
14A4t'18E2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

lO CENTS A YEAR.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest

ILI-DSTRATKD MaGA-

ziNB in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce it ONLY.
It is bright and up-
to-date. Tells all about Southern Borne Life,
it Is fnll of fine engravings of grand B^^^l'y^
.Mildings and famous people. Send at once.
JOCL a vear, postpaid, anywhere In the U-S- /-an
ada andMexic?. Six years 50c Or. clubs of
Tnames, 50c; 12 for $1. Send "s » club. MoneT
back if iot delighted. Sta^jps taken. Cut this

Ftease roentton Bee Journal when wntlna.

ITA.3LiIA.3Sr

Bees,Q.ueens andNuclei •

Choice homebred and im-
poried slock. All queens
leaied in fnll colonies.

One untested queen $1.10

One tested queen 1.65

One select tested queen 2.2)

Ooe breeding queen 3.30

One cumb nucleus (no
queen) l-SO

Untested ready in May ; all
others ready now from last
season's rearing.

Safe arrital guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. I.. S''"**-^*^" ,.
I04 Bast Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jairsal.

FOR SALE

38 empty 8 frame hives; 100broodfranles,wilh
and without foundation; 160 brood-combs; Hub-
bard Section Press.Daisy Foundation Fastener,
Smokers, Bee-Escapes, Sections, Section-Hold-
ers, Fences, Supers, etc. The above will be
sold at very reasonable prices, f.o.b. Chicago.
E. W. PRESSLER,

14Alt 141 Armitage A't., Chicago, III.

DAVENPORT,

IOWA

HEADQUARTERS FOR

G. B. Lewis Go's B-WARE,
Dadant's Foundation.

We can seive you quick and save you
freight and exoress charges. Send us
your BEESWAX in exchange for other
iroods. Send for our Catalog.

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS.

6oid6nQH66nsandB66S

Ready June 1. Hustlers for honey; very gen-
tle, non-swarming. Price-list now ready— also
an S-page leaflet on queen- rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee Jovimal when writma

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory rer
suits Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address, __„._

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44A.t KNOXVILLE, TENN.

jyJ.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

Tested Queens by Return Mail,
—$1.00 Each—

We have a large number of Choice Tested
Queens, reared last September and October, and
wintered in 4frame nuclei; these queens are
vigorous and prolific, and of our fine strain of
Three Band Italians. Just the queens to build
np weak colonies. Try them. Send for circular.
O.W. K.SHAW 4 CO.

13Atf LoREAUviLLE, Iberia Pa., La.

STANDARD

1

1 Poultry AND

i R^P> SUPPLIES

March 1st to April 15th

2 percent Discount.

Dovetailed Hives from Michigan White Pine,
$1.25 each, l«-story for comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

lOAtf LANSINQ, MICH.

Please mention B«e Journal wBen writma

The best of everything for the
poultry and tiee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS^ BROS.

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiBIDO, OHIO.

WWW ▼ y^y T*^

'asan tD.»atJon Bee Joumii; -wnen wntms.

FOR SALE

The apiary of the late Charles B. Achard, is
for sale in Rochelle, Dn Page Co.. 111. It con-
tains 11 colonies, 30 complete Danzenbaker
hives (IS of them unused), tools, sections, fonn-
dation, etc. Inquire of

MISS A. M. ACHARD, Rochelle, III.

13A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee ionmal wnen WTltlmr

For Qoeens

SEND TO
JOHN W. PHARR
^^ Berclalr. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
$6 ; 15 for $8.25 ; 25 for 812.50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Naclei, and fuU
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3:21.) 6Atf

Please montiou Bee Journal when vrttlng

NORRIS & ANSPACH
LEWIS' GOODS IN KENTON, OHIO

We handle a most complete line of G. B. Lewis
Co's eoods at their regular factory prices. Dove-
tailed HIVES. SECTIONS (all kinds),
SMOKERS. VEILS— in fact everything for
the bee-keeper. Send in cents for B-PRANKS>
an amusing and instructive little pamphlet, or,
it will be sent free for the names and addresses
of 6 bee keeperF.

Lewis Makes the Finest Supplies—
We Sell Them.

Wholesale and Retail. Send for Catalog.

13Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

H0NEY-JAR5.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
oound of honey net, one gross in case complete,
in 5erosslots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross,f.o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 4, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

11 Atf Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

Please metitlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

April 6 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

271

B66SUPPII6S

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest* Prices

We have been making^ Bee-
Hlves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illdstrated .. Catai/sg
free ; also sample copy of

TheAmericanBeeReeper

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

Good VIOLIN OUTFIT for

$2.50

A. g:ood substantial Violin In a
heavy* Avell - made pasteboard case*
incladlns Bow, Rosin, Fitch Pipe,
Mote, Set of strings, etc.

We make the broad claim for this outfit
that no retail dealer in tbe land can
duplicate it for less than double the
price we charge. And when we say *'a
£^ood substantial Violin" we mean just
what we say. It is not a toy or plaything,
but an Instrument well made, built to pro-
duce music, and just tbe thing for tbe be-
ginner. Has good clear tone and will be a
bier surprise to any one wishing a violin.

Write for one. also ask for our free cata-
loguesof '■'Everything Musical" from the
cheapest to the best, for tbe Band and
the Orchestra. If you want a violin costing
anywhere from $2j up. we will send you 5 to
select from. We carry an immense stock;
being importers and wholesalers, we can
supply any demand at prices that mean
money saved to buyers. Sheet music
catalogues mailed on application. Bargains
In SECOND-HAND and shop-worn in-
struments; send for list. Address
H. E. McMlLLIN, lOB Superior St.. CLEVELAND. OHIO

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigningy buying or selling-, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

ft Baroaiii m Bees

I have 50 colonies of Bees in good condition.
The hives are all in pretty good shape, almost
ae good as new, having been in use only a few
years. Price, ^.00 per colony. Address,
DAVID ZERFINQ,

MAlt Route 7, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

Headguartersfor Bee-Supplies

COIPIETE STOCK FOS 1905 NOW ON BIND.
FBEIGHT BITES FBOM CIICINNITI AEE TEE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

II^~ Kor prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, March 8.— There has been some-
what of an increase in the number of sales dur-
ing the past 4 weeks, yet the volume nas not
been large, while pricej are if anything lower
than in January, especially on other grades
than while clover. Fancy grades of white comb
bring 12)4@l3c; No.l, 12c with some off in color
at ll@im cents; amber grades slow at 8@10c.
Extracted, white, t.(a7c; amber, 5ii(^bMc; the
price being governed by quality, flavor and
package. Beeswax, if clean and good color, 30c
per pound. R. A. Buknbtt & Co.

Nbw York, March 11.— There is no improve-
ment in the comb boney situation. The demand
is next to nothing; quotations nominal and nu
doubt some of the stock will have to be carried
over. We quote fancy at 13c; No. 1 at from
H@12c, and dark at from 9@10c. Extracted is
lu fair demand: White at from 6@6!<c; light
amber at SMc; Southern in barrels from 50(aS7c
per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm
at 29c. HlLDBBTH & Sboblken.

Boston, March '>. — The demand for comb
honey still continues light with heavy stocks
on hand Fancy white, lS@16c: No. 1, 14c. Ex-
tracted, 6@8c according to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, March 31.— The honey situa-
tion does not improve. While there is a little
better movement the prices seem to be lower.
Fancy white brings $2 a case; No. 1, $1.75; am-
ber and lower grades from $1.25 to $1.50. Ex-
tracted, 45<@6c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmohs a Co.

Cincinnati, O., March 20.— The comb honey
market has been a drag the last month; this
caused tbe holders to offer extra inducements
in prices. Quotations obtained are as follows:
No. 1 fancy wate- .vhlte comb, 12@13c; No. 2,
10X@115ic. Extracted: white clover in barrels,
biic; in cans, 7>6@s cents; amber, in barrels,
5^@S5ic: in cans, ii(i>6Hc. Beeswax, 27c.

C. H. W. Weber

Philadelphia, March 22.— As the season ad-
vances, the call for honey is decreasing, and
the market at the iireaent time is dull. Some
few sales. We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c;
No. 1, ll@12c; amber, lie. Extiacted, white,
6J<(a7c; amber, SMii'ibc. Beeswax, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold veather, especially comb,
which candies or i nnlates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancv iite, 13@14c; No. 1, 12@13c;
mixed, I0(a!llc; bu. .wheat, 10@llc. Extracted,

better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6!^c; white,
6(§]6Hc. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30®32c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, March 10— There is little, if any,
improvement in the honey market here, since
our last quotation. We hope to render a more
encouraging report soon. We quote amber ex-
tracted honey m barrels and cans at 5H@6^c.
White clover at 7@8c. Fancy white comb at
12®13c. Beeswax, 28c.

The Fred W.MnTH Co.

San Francisco, March 22.— White comb, l-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber,8$10c. Extracted,
white, 6@6K cents; light amber, 4>i@5Kc; am-
ber, 3?i@4^c; dark amber, 3@3;<c. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27(S28c.

Inquiry is not brisk and market is easy in
tone, especially for other than most select water
white. Spot supplies are not heavy, but there
is a general desire to effect a clean up of hold-
ings in the next 60 days, a« by the end of that
time new crop honey is likely to begin to put in
an appearance.

bjD saBO.C in oi g tnojj 58b^ pnv
o^no oo JJAa^jj

3 I

m\

CO

cc

lli

/ Ifc- '

r^ .3 m

«0 P

r:il'dI8J8, '83, '112 & luua

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.

Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything In
the smoker Hue; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enoot'h for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner,

-tea&» monTinii JM« Jonm&i wuen wnanK

272

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 6, 1905.

There's a Great Deal mthe Packing.

Lewis' shipments are sent out in neat woven-wood-and-wire packages. Every box or
bundle is marked. It is no task to unpack and set up

^ LEWIS' GOODS ^

Following is a complete list of distributing points where Lewis' Goods

may be obtained:

Where Are Yon ?

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. Lumber Co., Faribault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Atispach, Kenton, O.

A.G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.Mich.

York Honey & Bee Supply Co.,
Chicago, 111., 1 41 & 143 Ontario St.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport,
Iowa.

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars, Iowa.

Southwestern Bee Co., San Anto-
nio, Tex., 438 W. Houston St.

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

^k%hW*W*W*^^*^j^A^

Where Are Yon?

Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n,
Denver, Colo.

Fruit Growers' Assn., Grand Junc-
tion, Colo.

Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.

R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.

Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.

Chas. H. LiUy & Co., Seattle, Wash.

Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.

A. Coppin, Wenona, 111.

California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco, Calif.

C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Herts, Eng.

\^t»^AS/»!&Ai&*

Send for free Catalog of 88 pages.

6. B. LEWIS CO. "™»- Watertown,Wls.

/.

'^

Bee Journal

WEEKLY-SI. OO A YEAR.

Published by GEORGE W, YORK & CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year.

5(
4

CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 13, 1905.

Conrads' Stand for Holding Supers, Covers, Elc.

Apiary of M. W. Harrington, of Iowa Co., Iowa.
(See page 277.)

No. 15.

t
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^
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t
J^
t
>

^
^
f

^

274

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 13 19CS.

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bbb Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-
ularly :

C. C. MILLER,

Of IllinolG.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,

Of New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A. J. COOK,
Of California.

Semi - monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleanlues In Bee Culture,
6 months, 25c.

We are certain that any one inter-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 2Sc. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

fXTXTTXnXS

Enclosed find ?5 cents, for wliicli
send me Gleanlng-s in Bee Cul-
ture 6 montlis.

NAME ...

p. 0

COUNTY.
STATE..

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken ifrom our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The business for many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for Tine A. I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A. I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers a7id Friends :

In transferring baclc to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

Gborge W. York & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences ofifered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnne — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit.

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

DANZENBAKER HIVE.

♦Tacts AI>out Bees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent on receipt of a 3-oent stamp to pay the postage. Send tor it.

fh^ Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE,
Three Points of Excellence :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SPB3CIA.IJ ISIOTICH!

The great popularity of the Danzenbaker hive has brought the shallow brood-frame and the
tall plain sections into prominence. It mnst be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything jusr
RIGHT, 80 you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any of our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, UK

^&^^'e^e'e'e4t^'&&&&^s^&&&&&^^e^^ '^.e^&&e^^

Entered at the PoBt-OflSce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published Weekly at 91. OO a Tear by George W. Tork dc Co., 334 DearbomlSt.

QBOROB W. YORK, Bditor.

CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 13, 1905.

VoLXLV.— No.15.

=^

(Ebttortal Hotes
anh (Eomments

=/

The Honey -Producers' League

In last week's issue we devoted much space to this new organiza-
tion for bee-lieepers, which, it is hoped, will prove to be a valualjle
one. As its Conslitution fays, its objects are to create a larger demand
for honey through advertising, and also to counteract the evil influ-
ence of misrepresentations of honey by correcting them.

It was stated that when there is S5000 in the League's treasury,
the advertising would begin. Last week we reported already over
$1000 on hand. And this week we have more to report. It is hoped
that by May 1 the full initial amount will be in hand, so that opera-
tions may be commenced.

To show how The Honey-Producers' League is being received, we
give herewith a few extracts from letters received b; its Manager :

The plan of the League meets our entire endorsement. — The
Kretchmer Mfg. Co.

We must say that such a thing has long been needed, and we trust
it will do a great deal of good. — John Doll & Son.

I believe the project is a good one ; at least it is worth giving a
good trial. — E. Whitcomb.

We think The Honey-Producers' League a commendable under-
taking, and should be glad to lend what assistance we can. — VV^ T.
Falconer Mfo. Co.

I think The Honey-Producers' League is a move in the right
direction, and its work, to be most helpful to honey-producers this
year, should begin at once. — (Mrs.) Clara West Evans.

The Honey-Producers' League Prospectus and Constitution just
at hand. I have shown it to Mr. Clark, and he, with myself, think we
would better throw our lot in with it. — G. M. Doolittle.

We might give more such expressions, but the fact that people are
putting in their dollars is proof enough that they believe thoroughly
in the proposed work of the League, and want to put " their shoulders
to the wheel" and thus help move things. It ought to have 11)00
members by May 1. Like every other organization, The Honey-Pro-
ducers' League has a few objections to meet. But such should not
discourage any one.

In the first place, let us say that none of its originators for one
moment thought that it was to take the place of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association. The National has done a great work, and still
has much to do. It is a social organization also, while the League is
all for business.

The Manager has received a very few letters saying someilii ig
like this: " When the League gets ready to advertise, let us kr v
and we will send in our dues." Or, " When the League has iic;. ly
the $5000 to start advertising with, I will send in my annual dn-."
But we do not see why some should pay their dues right away and
others be waited on. Fvcryh/dy should pay at once, so that the di s-
sary $5000 will be on hand quickly. Surely, if some have faith em ,L;h
in the L»ftgue to have paid their $25 or more already, it would .I'm

that others whose dues will not be more than from $3 to $5 should pay
promptly also.

It has been suggested that those who do not become members of
the League will reap as great benefits as those who join and pay their
money. Hardly. They will really suffer from the feeling that they
have failed to live up to their duty and privilege. This is a work in
which all should co-operate. The expense is not great, but the pros-
pects of good returns are inestimable.

Spring Troubles with Cellared Bees

Spring is especially the time when the cellarer envies the man who
need not give a thought to the question of the right time to take out
his bees because they have never been taken in. Often there is a
painful uncertainty as to whether bees should be taken out or not. If
one could only know what is before one in the shape of weather. A
bee-keeper in Northern Illinois writes:

" How the seasons do vary. One year we had deep snowbanks
still left the last of April. This year we have the appearance of
spring fully established in March. For days it has been mild; March
38 the thermometer stood at 75 in the shade, while in the cellar it was
62, with the Ijees roaring in a distressing manner."

" But why did the man leave his bees in the cellar when it was so
warm?" asks a man in the South. That's just the trouble; he doesn't
know what is to come, and if he puts his bees out he may have to
wince under two weeks of freezing weather. So he thinks,

" Better to suffer the ills we have
Than fly to those we know not of,"

and leave his bees in the cellar till a little more sure warm weather
has come to stay. There may be no more severe weather, and there
may be a lot of it, and how is he to tell?

It might help matters a little it we could have a decided answer
to the question whether or not it is wise toward spring to take bees
out for a flight and then return them.

Another Comb-Money Misrepresentation

In the New York Tribune for Feb. 19, it was stated that " honey
is also adulterated in the comb, the comb being made in part of par-
affin and saturated with a mixture of glucose and syrups." A protest
was sent in by the American Bee Journal, and no doubt by a number
of others. The Tribune of March 5 gives a letter from Editor Root, of
Gleanings, and a reply thereto, the whole occupying about a column,
but in that column there is no hmt of any modification of the state-
ment— only pains taken to justify it.

It is not likely that so able a periodical as the New York Tribune
is desirous to mislead or misstate, and the probability is that when the
statement was made it was believed to be correct. Having been made,
it is only human nature to give full weight — and a little undue weight
— to anything found to favor such statement. After giving proofs
that it probably believes are satisfactory, it concludes by saying :

In offering his reward of $1000, Mr. Root specifies in his letter
that the comb honey must be shown to have been •' manufactured out
of paraSin by any mechanical process known to science or the arts,
filled with glucose, and put on the market as comb honey." Such
specifications are of course prohibitive. He demands that a wholly
artificial product be brought to him. No one says that comb honey
can be completely counterfeited. Adulterations are not wholly spuri-
ous. Adulterated olive oil is not all cottonseed oil. It has been
shown, however, that honey may be adulterated in the comb with glu-

276

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 13, 1905.

cose ; that combe may be artificiallj formed by furnishing the bees a
foundation; that this foundation maybe adulterated, and that par-
affin is one of the chief adulterants.

In the reward card which Mr. Root sends out, and which he says
in his letter he has "published for the last 15 years," he still further
safeguards himself with conditions. The reward is only for one " who
will furnish evidence that comb honey has been manufactured, filled
with honey and capped by machinery, or who will furnish information
of anyplace where comb honey is manufactured by machinery — in
either case the product imitated so closely as not to be told from the
genuine.''

Comb honey sold " in the frame," of which The Tribune made no
mention, is uniformly pure in this country. Nevertheless, honey-
malsers should appreciate that it can only remain so by constant
watchfulness. They should welcome instead of criticise any public
discussion of the subject. The art of adulteration is on the increase
in this country, and is aided by every new discovery in the sciences.
As Dr. Wiley says:

"The true friend of the apiary interests of the country is not he
who shuts his eyes to patent adulterations, but rather he who recog-
nizes facts, even unpleasant, and who, having seen the enormity of
the extent of honey-adulteration, supports the labors of those who seek
to detect and prevent it."

Bee-keepers as a class are an intelligent set of men (and women),
and as such they are not likely to close their eyes to facts, unpleasant
though the facts may be ; but they do desire that what are given as
facts shall not directly or by inference give impressions that are false.
One trouble in the case is a lack of thorough knowledge on the subject.
The proof of that lack lies in the phraseology used in some parts of
the discussion, and also in the arguments used. In all fairness it
should be said that The Tribune has been no doubt misled by state-
ments made by those supposed to be good authorities, which state-
ments would probably not have been made just as they were by any
fully familiar with the entire facts.

Even with this admission it is a little difficult to admit the rele-
vancy of a passage like the following :

That the honey-comb, as well as the contents of its comb, may be
more or less artificial is a well established fact. Dr. Wiley speaks of
15 patents that have been issued for the manufactureof artificial comb
and comb foundation. One is described as follows: "The comb is
made complete of a web of paper, cloth or suitable material, which,
after moulding, is saturated with melted wax. The excess of coating
is thrown off by a centrifugal machine. The advantage arising from
my invention, says its author, ' is that combs constructed accordingly
can be filled and emptied repeatedly without breaking, the honey be-
ing extracted by means of a centrifugal machine, or as commonly
done with other honey-combs when it is desired to use them a second
time.' "

Another patented method, according to the inventor, will produce
a comb in every respect resembling the natural comb built by bees.
"This comb," says the inventor, " may be placed in the hive and will
be used by the bees, thus saving the insects the labor of building
combs and causing them to spend the time otherwise appropriated to
this work in the gathering and storing of honey."

It is in these comb foundations, these artificial layers of wax,
which some apiarists place in the center of the frame for the bees to
build on, that opportunities are offered for adulteration.

Now what has that to do with the case in hand? Supposing its
relevancy, what about its reasonableness 3 Imagine " a web of paper
or cloth " moulded in the form of a complete comb ! Pretty thin cloth
would be needed to be no thicker than the thin cell-walls of a honey-
comb. And how could it possibly be so molded? Would there not
be some danger of tearing the cloth before it could be stretched or
squeezed into the right form? Then when the complete form is
moulded, it is to be saturated with melted wax ! Can you imagine
such a structure being dipped in wax hot enough to saturate it with-
out the collapsing of the cell-walls? And suppose there is no such
collapsing from the immersion in hot wax, in what shape would the
fabric be when " the excess of coating is thrown off by a centrifugal
machine?"

All this sounds very funny to a bee-keeper, but very likely thou-
sands have soberly read it in The Tribune without seeing anything
funny about it. Can The Tribune or Dr. Wiley furnish a sample of
anything of the kind? The fact that a claim has been made for it is
not greatly to the point. A lunatic may conceive any absurdity and
claim a patent from the patent office.

The second patented method produces " a comb in every respect
resembling the natural comb built by the bees "—note well, " accord-
ing to Hie iniimtor." It is safe to say there would be no such resem-
blance " according to " Dr Wiley or " according to " the editor of The
Tribune. Equally safe to say that neither of them have ever seen any-
thing of the kind, nor any one else.

Prof. M. A. Scovell is reported as saying: "No. 103, labeled
' Choice Comb Honey,' is another instance of the sale of comb honey
which is a mechanical mixture of the comb with glucose." That
probably has reference to honey in glass, a piece of comb honey being

put in and the jar then filled with glucose. Several other cases are
reported that seem to be of the same kind. That sort of fraud is well
known, but what has that to do with adulterated comb honey ? So far
as has ever yet been reported, the piece of honey put in is genuine
comb honey, the only fraud in the case being the glucose that is
poured around it.

Some pains is taken to prove thai; ijeeswax is adulterated, a thing
well known, but, "according to Dr. Wiley, no comb foundations have
been obtained by his men in the United States which were found to be
adulterated, but he publishes a letter from a Canadian chemist which
shows that it can be done." It doesn't need a letter from a Canadian
chemist to show that foundation may be made of adulterated wax, any
more than it needs a foreign letter to show that sugar and sand may
be mixed, but it is a compliment to United States manufacturers of
foundation that Prof. Wiley has not found that they have been guilty
of adulteration.

The passage that has the most direct bearing on the case comes
earlier in the editorial, and is as follows :

When Mr. Root said that this statement " is absolutely untrue,"
he was no doubt unaware that it was founded on various government
reports. That some honey is adulterated in the comb is a fact stated
in Part 6 of Bulletin No. 13, issued by the Department of Agriculture,
Division of Chemistry, Feb. 23, 1892. As a result of a thorough anal-
ysis Dr. H. W. Wiley, chief chemist of the department, in that re-
port said: " Many samples of comb honey containing only glucose
have come under my observation, but in all these cases the combs,
presumably after the separation of the honey by centrifugal machine,
had been placed in glass bottles and the glucose then added. I have
never yet found a sample of comb honey, sold in the frame, which was
artificial, except in the use of comb foundation."

In The Tribune's article no mention at all was made of comb
honey sold " in the frame." The exact words used were, " honey is
also adulterated in the comb," which is accomplished, as Dr. Wiley
explains, by expelling the honey from the cells by means of whirling
it about at a high rate of speed, and then placing the empty comb in
bottles where the glucose is added.

The idea of filling an empty comb with glucose by plunging the
emptycombina bottle of glucose makes a bee-keeper gasp. "Pre-
sumably." By the same token, " presumably " Dr. Wiley never found
a piece of spurious comb honey in a bottle of glucose. " Presumably "
it was genuine comb honey surrounded by glucose, or simply a piece
of honey-comb immersed in glucose.

Emphasis is laid upon the point that no mention is made of comb
honey sold " in the frame." But is it supposable that the genius
which could produce a piece of comb honey out of the frame not dis-
tinguiehable from the genuine would balk at the task of putting it in
the frame? And whatever may have been said, or not said in the
former article in the editorial before us, the general reader will find
ground for believing that spurious comb honey may be found " in the
frame," when he reads in a passage already quoted that it is in these
artificial combs " which some apiarists place in the center of the frame
for the bees to build on that opportunities are offered for adulteration. "

Yet suppose that The Tribune knows that all section honey, or as
he puts it, that all honey " in the frame "is genuint, when he says
" honey is also adulterated in the comb," whatever reservations may
be in his own mind, the impression made on the mind of the general
reader will be such as to make him conclude that any sample of comb
honey may be adulterated.

In the passage quoted. The Tribune, speaking of Mr. Root's JIOOO
offer says, "Such specifications are of course prohibitive." In the
light of what has been advanced by The Tribune, let us see how much
there is prohibitive about them. There is a method which " will pro-
duce a comb in every respect resembling the natural comb built by the
bees." The material used is not specified, but if such comb can he
made of beeswax it can be made wholly of paraffiqe. Then "placing
the empty comb in bottles where the glucose is added, '^ we have the
comb honey entirely artificial, complete all but the sealing, and surely
The Tribune would not ask Mr. Root to accept as a marketable article
a sample ot comb honey not capped over. True, it is not " in the
frame," but the specifications do not require that it shall be " in the
frame." The specifications were meant to be prohibitive, are prohibi-
tive as is proven by the fact that no one has ever yet been able to lift
the reward, but there is nothing unfairly prohibitive in them, as The
Tribune will find it it can " deliver the goods."

Among the bee-keeping readers of The Tribune there may be
those who will vote the editor lacking in intelligence, and some per-
haps will call him dishonest in his statements. There is no proof that
he is either. His position is suflicient warrant for the belief that he
is a man of exceptional ability and intelligence, sincerely desirous to
get at the truth, and perhaps the last man to be willing to do an in-

April 13, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

277

justice to an honest industry ; but witli the testimony before him, in a
field with which he was not entirely familiar, he no doubt fell war-
ranted in concluding that it was a more or less common thintr to find
on the market that which was sold for coml> honey that was nti gen-
uine comb honey at all.

Let him do a little investigating on his own account. Let him
make the eflort to find a single specimen of comb honey that is not
genuine, no matter whether "in the frame" or not — waive that — it
ought not to be so very hard for him to secure it if such a thing is to
be found at all; and when he has concluded his search he v^ ill no
doubt be ready to say, " Comb honey, whether sold in the frame or
out of the frame, is uniformly pure in this country." If, however, he
should succeed in finding a bogus article of comb honey, let him send
a sample to this office, and he may rest assured there will be no blink-
ing of the truth, but the facts will be stated in all their glaring un-
pleasantness.

Apiarian Representation In Australia

Increase of colonies increases a man's voting power in the New
South Wales Bee-Farmers' Association, according to the Australian
Bee-Bulletin. If he has only one colony he has one vote, and the
same if he has 50 colonies, but each additional 50 colonies after the
first 50 gives him an additional vote. With 100 colonies he has 2 votes ;
with 500, 10 votes ; and with 1000, 20 votes.

ITIiscclloneous
TUws > 3 terns

'^

=/

A Bee-Department that Means Something.— Agricul-
tural papers are more or less in the habit of publishing in what pur-
ports to be a bee-department, items containing errors that even a
novice in bee-keeping instantly detects, raising the question. It bees
are of enough importance to demand attention, are they not of enough
importance to have some one of practical knowledge about bees to
have a supervising care over what is said about them >. A pleasing ex-
ception is found in the case of "Irrigation," of Denver, Colo., a
monthly agricultural journal of high order, beautifully printed and
illustrated, which, in its January number, gaie a displayed announce-
ment on its title page that with that number began a bee-department
to be edited by no less an authority than our old friend, R. C. Aikin.
More power to his pencil.

The Apiary of M. W. Harrington, of Iowa Co., Iowa,
appears on the first page. When sending the picture he wrote thus :

The hive in front is an observation hive with glass sides,
which are covered with wooden shutters as shown in the picture. For
convenience in handling and shading I have used the straight rows,
more or less crowded, for 35 years While I think I lose a few more
queens by crowding this way, it a good deal more than makes up for
loss in the handling, shading, stands, etc. M. W. Harrington.

Conrads' Stand. — On the first page are two views of a stand
used by Wald. C. Conrads, of Comal Co., Tex., who describes it and
its use as follows:

I send two views of a stand that I use for holding supers, covers,
etc., while painting. Any bee-keeper can have one made by a black-
smith. Take 4 iron rods about 15 inches long by -^8 thick, and nave
them welded together about 3 or 4 inches at one end; then bend them
apart so that they will be a little wider than the inside dimensions of
the supers; then split them at all four corners about J.2 inch, and Ijend
these two points at right angles, so that the projections pointin); up-
ward will just fit into the inside of the supers or hives, while the pro-
jections pointing sidewise will support the supers or hives.

This same stand is very convenient for painting covers or txittom-
boards, but if used for this purpose the projections pointing upward
should all be filed to one level, so that the covers or bottom-buards
may rest on them while being painted.

The rest of the stand is made of wood, and in the middle t'f the
center piece a hole is bored so that the 4 iron arms will fit into it where
they are welded together; however, this point should be drawn .ut a
little.

When painting covers or bottom-boards, place always a mat a or
toothpick on each corner, and you will have no trouble with br.ving
them to stick together; that is, when you stack them away after
painting.

It may also be of interest for those using frames end-spae ( by
staples, to know that it is much more convenient to put in the s' - les
before nailing up the frames. Just keep the V edge of the en i ars
toward you when driving in the staples, and you will have th-.i all
right when nailing up the frames. Wald. C. Conbai-

-V (£ontrtbiitcb ^-
Special drticles

How to Rear Early Drones and Queens

BY G. M. DOOLITTLK.

A CORRESPONDENT wishes me to tell through the
columns of the American Bee Journal how he can rear
early queens before the drones from his neighbors'
hives get to flying. He says that he has hives in the cellar
which have drones in sight through the glass that is on one
side, and wants to know if those drones will be good in the
spring ; and, if not, how he will get the early drones.

First, I wish to say that I doubt the wisdom of working
for very early queens— that is, trying to rear queens before
there are any flowers in bloom, or before the colonies be-
come strong enough to have the hives nearly filled with
bees and brood, and by that time his wintered-over drones
will be dead. All my experience goes to prove that such
queens, reared out of season, are of very poor value, so much
so that we would better sacrifice somewhat as regards purity
rather than have pure queens of poor quality. But if one is
anxious to rear queens just as soon as it can possibly be
done and have them reasonably good, then I find the follow-
ing course the best of any I have been able to find :

Select the queen you wish for your drone-breeder in the
fall, and give to her colony the bees from some moderately
strong colony during the month of September, having killed
the queen in this latter colony a week or so before uniting.
See that there is a drone-comb in the center of this united
colony, and that they have plenty of honey to carry them
over the winter and give them a good start in early spring.
As soon as out of winter quarters see that the hive is made
as warm as possible, and give them a feed of about a half
pint of warmed syrup every night in a feeder. For this
purpose a division board feeder is rather better than any
other, for it can be brought right up to the cluster, and the
warmed feed poured therein will enable the bees to take the
feed no matter if the weather should be quite cool. And if
you will take a few bees from some other colony and unite
them with this one, by keeping them confined in a box for
one or two days, feeding them all they wish for those two
days, and then just at night let them run down from the top
through a little hole in the covering to the hive, and unite
with the drone colony, this will help much toward the early
depositing of eggs in drone-cells.

As soon as you have capped drone-brood in this colony
it will be time to commence to rear queens. But before be-
ginning on this part I wish to say that you will need to keep
up the feeding of the drone colony during every cold or
rainy spell of weather, or at all times when the bees can not
get a supply of nectar from the fields, otherwise you may
find your drones all driven out or killed off some day, for
very early drones are often given their " walking ticket'
on short notice if any failure in the supply of a daily ration
of stores occurs. I suppose this is because the bees know
that drones are not needed at this early season of the year.
Being assured that your drone part is a success, select
the verv strongest colony you may have, and this colony
should have its hive as nearly filled with bees and brood as
possible. Having such colony look over the frames till you
find the queen, when you will set the frame having her on
in some box or empty hive while you are fitting in a sheet
of queen-excluding metal near the center of the hive, hav-
ing this sheet fit so close that it is impossible for any bees
to get around it in any place ; otherwise the queen may get
in the side where you are rearing queen-cells and destroy

them all. ,. ^..u

Having the queen-excluder in place, put that part ot the
brood which is the youngest on one side and the older brood
in the other, and then place the frame set out and having
the queen on it in the other side. Now leave them for 24
hours, when you will take one of the frames out frotn the
side having no queen and put it in some other hive for them
to care for, if it has brood in it. If only honey it can be set
away anywhere after getting the bees off it, which should
be done in either case, as we wish all the bees in this queen-
rearing hive possible. ... j
Now prepare a stick of cell cups from your best breeder,

276

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 13, 1905.

as given in " Scientific Queen-Rearing'," and place the
same in the space left by taking the frame out, when the
bees will go on and perfect them just the same as they
would in a well-stocked two-story hive later on, according
to my experience of later years. But I like the two-story
plan the best when colonies become strong enough so that
can be used, as it costs less work in rearing queens where
one colony is used to do this work the whole season through,
as is generally my custom.

As soon as the queen-cells are ripe prepare nuclei to
receive them ; or, if you wish to supersede your old queens
with these cells, or with queens from them, kill the old
queens from 36 to 48 hours before the cells will be ripe
enough to remove from your breeding colony, which will be
in 11 days if you have used very small larvse, or 10 days if
larvae as old as 36 hours were used when the cells were
started. It is better to make a colony or two up into nuclei
if possible rather than keep all the colonies without a laying
queen from 10 to 15 days while the queens from these cells
are becoming laying mothers, as the rule is that the queen
from the ripe cell will emerge in from 5 to IS hours after the
cell is given the colony, then it will be 7 to 9 days before
she mates with the drone, and from 2 to 3 days more before
she goes to laying. And during these 12 to IS days from
the time of the killing of the old queen till the queen from
the given cell gets to laying, the old one, if not disturbed,
would lay eggs enough (the same giving bees which would
be on the stage of action in just the right time for the
honey harvest) to make all the difference between a good
crop of honey and a poor one.

By breaking up 2 or 3 colonies for nuclei the old queens
can be allowed to lay right along till the young ones are
laying, and then by the Simmins' plan of direct introduc-
tion, no time of the rest of the colonies is lost.

Of course you will know that the colony rearing cells
will want to be fed liberally at all times that nectar is not
coming in from the fields, for upon this " plenty of food"
hangs all the difference between good and poor queens.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

#

Improvement in Queen and Drone Traps

BY C. H. DIBBBRN.

DURING the past 12 or IS years I have experimented a
great deal with various queen and drone traps of my
own construction, for the purpose of hiving swarms.
So well have I succeeded in improving the Alley trap that I
feel that bee-keepers generally ought to have the benefit of
my invention.

Now in pointing out my improvements, I do not wish to
run down any existing traps, as, no doubt, many are suc-

ceeding fairly well with them. I have often wondered why
more bee-keeping farmers, clerks and ministers who can
give only a very small part of their time to the bees, were
not using traps to manage swarming. Perhaps the fact
that they were patented, and the cost had something to do
with it. But, as a matter of fact, they were invented to
catch drones, and it was only incidentally found that swarm-
ing could also be controlled, that they were used for that
purpose.

Some of the improvements I claim for my trap are as
follows :

First, it is far better ventilated, and will not cause the
bees to fill the trap full of bees and " lay out," unless they
would without any trap. This is done by making them
larger, using more zinc, and not having the bottom piece
come so very close to the hive-entrance.

Second, having the tube-holes in the middle strip within
X inch of the front zinc, with the lower side beveled off so
as to leave no square edge between the zinc and the tube-
holes for the queen to follow, preventing her from getting
readily into the trap part.

Third, the upper part of the trap is made entirely of

perforated zinc except the ends, thus making it very easy
to see the queen when trapped.

Fourth, the sliding door in the rear zinc, enabling one
to release the queen without removing the trap from the
hive. This is a decided improvement over a " gimlet hole "
through one end of the middle strip, for when the swarm is
entering the new hive, and you wish to release the queen,
she is trying to get through the lower rows of perforations
in the rear zinc.

Fifth, the rear zinc extends about an inch below the
strip containing the tubes, which is to prevent the bees
from " boiling over " when rushing from the hive in swarm-
ing; thus obviating the danger of getting the queen in be-
hind the trap.

Sixth, the trap is provided with right and left wire-
hooks and small screw-eyes to fasten it firmly to the hive,
preventing it from tipping forward if the alighting-board is
inclined forward, or working away by wind or bees, as it is
liable to do if not fastened.

Sixth, the traps are nicely made, and painted white ;
this makes them look neat, last longer, and enables one to
see all parts in the trap.

In a future article I will try to describe how I use the
trap in an apiary of ISO colonies, as well as a general sys-
tem of management. I believe there are many people that
would find bee-keeping easy and profitable with this trap.

=\

(£on:)cntton
Procccbtngs

Report of the Michigan State Convention

BY B. B. TYRREI.I,, SEC.

(Continned from pa^e 231.)

HOW MANY COLONIES IN ONE PLACE?

" How many colonies can be profitably kept in one
locality ?"

E. D. Townsend thinks 80 or 90 colonies.

Mr. Kirkpatrick has had 160 in one place, and did not
think the locality overstocked. He averaged about the same
with 160 as with 60.

O. H. Townsend has 225 in one place, and thinks some
years 400 colonies would not overstock a locality. With 22S
colonies in one place, he did not find a bee 2 miles from
home during clover bloom.

Mr. Kirkpatrick did not find a bee '^ mile from home
during raspberry bloom, and 22S colonies were in one place.

Mr. Root reported keeping 500 colonies in one place, but
thought the place overstocked.

Mr. Manley says in his locality there were 585 colonies
in a distance of 4 miles, and he did not consider the locality
overstocked during a clover flow.

Mr. Bingham says bees gather honey freely only about
two hours during a day, hence he does not believe a locality
can be overstocked during a good honey-flow.

Mr. Cady says localities vary in that respect.

On motion the Secretary was voted $10 for his services
during the past two years.

On motion the Secretary's and Treasurer's offices were
united.

The election of ofiicers was then held with the following
result : President, W. E. Hutchinson ; Vice-President, Geo.
E. Hilton ; and Secretary-Treasurer, E. B. Tyrrell, of
Davison.

PRODUCING EXTRACTED HONEY.

" In producing extracted honey how much should be
sealed before extracting ? How do you uncap ?"

Mr. Huff extracts after the honey harvest, whether
capped or not.

Mr. Kirkpatrick thinks four-fifths should be capped.
He is not so particular at the end of the season.

E.D.Townsend extracts 10 days to 2 weeks after the sea-
son whether sealed or not, but prefers the sealed. He uses
1^-inch spacing, and uncaps very deep.

Mr. Manley uses two tubs for an uncapping-can, one
tub being cut down half way, then a screen bottom is put
on the shallow tub. Now he slips the _ shallow tub into the
deep one, and can uncap one-half day in this tub. He then

April 13, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

279

empties the cappings in a larger tank with screen bottom,
and leaves them to drain one week.

O. H. Townsend does not extract clover honey until the
beginning of the basswood flow. Then he stores the honey
in a warm room for two weeks, and all unsealed honey will
then be ripened. Then he extracts.

Mr. Bleach extracts at the end of each honey- flow.

The pamphlet discussion was then taken up, with the
result that it was decided to get out a much larger edition
and try to send one to each grocer in Michigan ; also to
advertise in a good grocery paper. Some copies will be sent
to each member and one to each honey-dealer. It was also
decided to insert the names of all members whether they
had honey for sale or not. An edition of 5000 was advocated.

CANNING NBW EXTRACTED HONEY.

" Do you think that extracted honey should be canned
up air-tight before the natural heat is out 7"

O. H. Townsend had no experience in that, but should
prefer to let it stand before canning.

Mr. Beecham stores in tanks, then draws clear honey
from the bottom.

EXCHANGING SUPERS.

" Is there any advantage in changing supers from one
hive to another to secure more rapid storing and completion
of sections ?"

Pres. Hutchinson thinks there is in some cases.

Leonard Griggs says it pays any bee-keeper to manage
all possible ways to get bees to enter supers. He changes
supers, also uses bait-sections.

Mr. Aspinwall doesn't want to go to that trouble. He
said his hives don't need it.

Pres. Hutchinson advocates moving bees and all when
changing supers.

Mr. Beecham places one section of drawn comb in each
corner of the super.

Mr. Aspinwall thinks it better to put drawn comb in the
center.

Mr. Manley puts the drawn comb in the center for bait-
sections, but to get unfinished sections filled he would put
them at the outside during the flow. He advocates running
for extracted honey at both ends of the flow, so as to get the
bees started in supers quicker, and also to have no un-
finished sections.

Mr. York then being ready to announce his decision of
the winners of prizes, they were given as follows :

Best 10 pounds of extracted honey— 1st, W. E. Forbes; 2d, W. D.
Soper ; 3d, C. A. Huff.

Best 10 pounds of comb honey— 1st, Oscar Smith; 2(3, J. W.
Flieman.

Best 10 pounds of comb honey produced in Danzenbaker hive —
1st, W. E. Forbes.

CLEANING SECTIONS — PROPOLIS.

" Who has tried sandpaper rolls for cleaning propolis ?"

Mr. Aspinwall says it is not satisfactory as it fills up
too much.

" Is there any use to which I can put the propolis
scraped from the hives ?"

Mr. Aspinwall said it has the best flux for soldering
lead pipes one can get.

O. H. Townsend said, to separate propolis from the wax,
put all in water and the propolis will sink while the wax
floats.

HIVE BOTTOM-BOARDS.

Mr. Soper asked for a talk on bottom-boards, and the
following discussion was brought out :

Mr. Beecham prefers a removable reversible bottom
with %-inch entrance.

Mr. Soper asked if the members practice reversing the
bottom-boards.

Mr. Beecham thinks reversible bottoms preferable.

Mr. Woodman prefers bottoms with %-inch entrance.

Mr. Griggs prefers %-inch for summer and winter, and
Ji-inch for spring and fall. He likes a hinged bottom-board,

Mr. Soper believes bees do as well with a small hive-
entrance. He has bad good results with an entrance ^z3
inches.

Mr. Griggs says his bees did well with small entrance
until warmer weather.

Mr. Manley wants a cheap bottom-board, and reported
a colony in a 12-frame hive with an eatmace '4^'^ Roches
giving 130 pounds of extracted honey, and the bees d.J not
hang out. He believes in plenty of surplus-room.

Mr. Beecham believes bees can be given too mucU sur-

plus-room. He thinks no colony needs more than three
half-stories at one time for extracted honey.

Mr. Cady reports favorably on bottom-boards and covers
made of cement.

On motion the ladies were extended a cordial invitation
to attend and become members of the Association and to
compete for any prizes offered.

The question was asked if we could dispense with glass
in shipping-cases, but the majority thought not.

SIZE AND SHAPE OF SECTIONS.

" What is the best size and shape for sections ?"

Messrs. Aspinwall and Beecham use 4>4:-inch square,
plain.

Mr. Aspinwall thinks that narrow sections take too
much foundation, and are too thin and light to handle ; also
too many sections for the amount of honey. He wants as
little foundation used as possible, and predicts that in 10
years more there will be more square than tall sections in
use.

Mr. Forbes has used A]i-s.A% sections for 20 years, but
prefers the tall to the square ones. He uses full sheets of
foundation with bottom starters.

Mr. Manley found the honey not as well attached in tall
as in square sections.

Mr. Kirkpatrick prefers the tall sections, and uses full
sheets of foundation.

PUTTING ON EXTRA SUPERS.

" Should the empty super be put under or on top of the
full one?"

Mr. Manley puts the second super on top, and believes
it the better way.

Mr. Short puts the second super on top.

Mr. Aspinwall tried putting the second super on top
with poor results. He said the percentage of swarming
will be greater when the super is put on top.

Mr. Hilton advises putting the empty super under the
full ones.

CLOSED-END FRAMES.

" Is there any advantage in closed-end frames over open-
end ones?"

Mr. Aspinwall thinks there is, and Mr. Bingham said
there is a great advantage. He then gave a clear descrip-
tion of his hive, which he claims has the original closed-end
frames, and said he uses closed-end frames exclusively. He
advocated a frame i;4 inches wide, and shorter than the
regular Langstroth to prevent sagging. He also explained
the uses of his smoker and honey-knife.

MOVING BEES — FREIGHT RATES ON HONEY.

" When is the best time to move bees?"

E. D. Townsend said during apple-bloom.

Mr. Forbes brought up an objection to the handle on
the 60-pound cans, saying it often pulled off. He also
spoke on the freight rates on extracted honey being higher
than on syrup.

A motion was carried that Mr. Hilton be asked to see
what can be done to secure a better classification on honey.

A few more questions were discussed, but the Secretary
being busy with newspaper reporters, did not get them
recorded.

The convention adjourned to meet at the call of the
Executive Committee. E. B. Tyrrkll, Sec.

\

®ur> Sister
Sce^Kccpcrs

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Loss of Bees— Queenless Colony

Dear Miss Wilson : — 1. I visited my apiary of 35 colo-
nies to-day, and found 3 colonies dead and several more in a
hopeless condition. Do you think the intensely cold weather
which we have had for the past 6 weeks, could be the sole
cause of the loss ?

2. It was not from lack of stores, for one of the hives (I
don't use any but the 8-frame Langstroth) had all the
frames full of sealed honey and pollen, with the exception

280

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 13, 1905.

of the 2 they had clustered between where the honey was
partly consumed.

Was it a queenless colony ? When I scraped up all the
dead bees in it there was not enough to fill a pint cup. I
found several queen-cells started. There was no disease,
for everything smelled as sweet as new, and it had less bees
in it with all that honey than either of the other 2, and all
3 hives were perfectly dry. I took special care in packing
them for winter the latter part of September.

I had been in very poor health during the summer, so
did not take the pains to examine them to see if each colony
had its queen, feeling satisfied that they did, as they seemed
to be doing all right. The bees have always been wintered
on the summer stands, and with very little loss.

There was no sign of moths. I am puzzled to know
why all that honey is in that hive. I could scarcely lift it,
and instead of clustering in the center of the frames under
the Hill's device, they clustered between 2 of the outside
frames. Mrs. Mary A. Ray.

Adams Co., Ohio, Feb. 22.

1. Not necessarily ; and yet it might be ; not so much
the intense cold as the long continued cold.

2. Almost certainly that one colony was queenless. The
starting of queen-cells is one evidence, provided there was
anything in them. The mere presence of cups started with
nothing in them is no indication of queenlessness, for these
may be found in any hive. The case was probably some-
thing like this : It was a strong colony, and by some means
became queenless some time before the close of the honey
harvest. Other colonies were busy storing in supers, while
this one was doing a large part of its storing in the brood-
chamber, filling up the brood-combs with honey as fast as
the young bees emerged from them. In this way you will
see that a strong queenless colony is the very one that
should be heaviest in stores ; for other colonies could not
fill the brood-combs so long as brood was in them, and this
one had no brood to prevent the honey going into the brood-
chamber.

^

Bees Gathering Pollen— Wintered Well

Our bees were taken out of the cellar March 27. and
were bringing in pollen shortly after being put out. They
seem to have wintered well, having been in the cellar four
months. To-day it was too windy for them to fly at all.
Soft maple is in full bloom.

(Miss) Mary Theilmann.

Wabasha Co., Minn., March 29.

Moving Bees a Short Distance

I have about 100 colonies which are on a couple of vil-
lage lots, and which I wish to move outside the corpora-
tion (a distance of about five or six blocks) in April or May.
How can I move them at that time of the year so the bees
will stay in their new location ?

My bees have wintered very nicely, and most of the
colonies appear quite strong, but I suppose there will be
some loss. I notice the mice have been very bad in some
hives.

I trust you have been very fortunate in wintering yours,
and wish you "good luck." Mathii.de Candler.

Grant Co., Wis., March 1.

In April or May the bees will already have made many
flights, and without special precaution, when moved so
short a distance, a large number will return to the old
stand. If you will move them two or three miles away, and
then return them to the new place after two or three weeks,
they will be likely to stay put. That's very troublesome,
and you would probably rather lose more bees and have less
trouble. Shut them up in their hives for two or three
weeks, and move them to the new place before liberating
them. But some of them would smother, and many bees
worry themselves to death. Well, you can compromise.
Shut them in their hives in the evening, or any time when
all are in the hives. If the weather should be cool enough
not to fear smothering, they might remain thus imprisoned
two or more days. More likely it will be so warm that you
will feel you must move them the next forenoon. No need
^o be so very careful in moving them gently ; fully as well
^o knock them about a bit. As fast as you move them away
lean up the old ground, and don't leave any stands or
mpty hives standing about. The object is to have the old

ground look as little like home as possible, so that if any
bees should return they will not feel like staying.

After all are moved you are ready to open entrances.
Go to a hive and smoke and pound upon it till the bees are
thoroughly frightened and roaring loud and strong. Less
pounding will do if they are already roaring before you
touch the hive. When you think they are suflSciently ex-
cited open the entrance, setting before it a board so as to
prevent the bees from shooting out in a straight line- After
all are opened see if you find many bees at the old place
that act as if they had a notion of staying there. If you do,
itmaybewell to set for them a hive filled with empty
combs. Then when flight has ceased in the evening, dis-
tribute these bees in the new apiary where you think they
will do the most good, perhaps shaking them down in front
of entrances. If they come back next day repeat the
process.

=/

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

SHORT HONET-DBABTH A BLESSING.

Mr. Morley Pettit may be right that a short period of severe
dearth in the midst of the season is often a blessing, in that the drones
are killed off and swarm-fever stops. How nice it would be to have
bees on a barge and tow them to barren regions for a few days, and
then tow them bacl;.

Imaginable that two smokers running in a room that is not alto-
gether bee-tight might help some in keeping bees out — but, murder-
ation! What sort of beings inhabit Mr. P.'s locality, that they can
consent to worlc in a choking, glimmering gloom so suggestive of bad
regions? Page 119.

GRANULATED HONEY — AN " END-STINGER."

To teach customers that the natural condition of honey is granu-
lated—I'm afeared that would be stretching the truth a little. With
the honey in the comb, and the comb in the hive, and the hive in the
best of condition, granulation is the exceptional and not the usual
state. Also it is a state which the bees themselves manifestly don't
like, in that they very generally throw the granules away.

for a stinger at the last end, that " make good use of your money
when you get it," is just the thing, Mr. Pettit. The dull and ordinary
essayist would surely have left that off as not strictly bee-ological.
There is such a thing as sticking too close to the text when the pews
sadly need some " general applications." Page 119.

WAX AND RBLIQUEFIED HONEY.

1 should want Mr. Armstrong to wipe his specs and examine his
facts once more. Don't believe there is any wax in the foam that
rises out of the interior of granulated honey when it is reliquefied.
Wax all rises while the honey is at rest previous to granulation. How-
ever, propolis usually contains a small percent of wax. It is imagin-
able that a can of honey might have some propolis settled to the bot-
tom that would yield a trifle of wax when subjected to heat. Propolis
sinks in water— can't say that I ever saw it sink in ripe honey.
Page 119.

WORKING UP A HONEY MARKET.

It's a wise suspicion of Dr. Emmons that his excellent home mar-
ket for honey came largely as the result of not trying to make a mar-
ket—giving away all his surplus at first, and getting to sell only as
his crops increased, and even then with a sort of reluctance. Con-
vinced the flies that he was not a spider . Underneath the diligent culti-
vation of the market (whicli the papers so properly tell us about) the
Hies oft imagine that they hear the traditional, " Will you walk into
my parlor?" And they whisper to themselves, " That spider will not
catch me." Page 135.

FEEDING AN OBSBBVATION COLONY.

Allen Latham's suggestions about feeding bees in an observation
hive are good ; but I think we need something decidedly better — some
sort of feeding-chamber right adjacent tO-the back end of the frame,
where robbing-bees could not get it short of first fighting the colony.
It would increase the cost of the hive a trifle; but it could be made
more convenient than setting a saucer and tumbler on the window-
sill. Page 126.

"bathos" INSTEAD OF "PATHOS."

In my second paragraph on page 136, read bathos in place of
" pathos."

SOLIDIFYING OF LIQUID SUGAR AND HONEY.

As to the conundrum on page 131, about the solidifying of liquid
sugar and liquid honey, I should say the former is sharp and hard,
with some exceptions, while the latter is soft and cloud-like, with
some exceptions. Not very satisfying from the logician's point of

April 13. 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

281

view; but when the facts are that way what else can you say about it?
The candy maker goes to the length of his art to make sugar soft.
The bee-student, experimentally inclined, tries zealously to shun a
sample of honey sharp, hard, and dry like sugar.

PROPOLIS SCRAPING AND WIDE FRAMES.

Mr. Doolitlle evidently has a location not so bad for propolis as
some of us hare. I, too, still use wide frames and tin separators, but
there's quite a bit of scraping to do notwithstanding. But say, com-
rade, even granting that scraping propolis is not an ideal, Garden-of-
Eden pastime, between that and./i'sAiH^ — I'd scrape. Page 134.

=\

X)octor trttUcr's
Question - Box

J

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

t^~ Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions by mall.

Depth of Langstroth Hive

On page 184, you say the depth of a Langstroth frame is 10'. 2
inches. Ours are 93-2'. I use what I suppose is the standard Lang-
stroth frame S^s inches deep, so I do not know where you would put
the extra one inch in depth of hive. Please enlighten us.

Texas.

Answer. — Of course the depth should be 93^. Now what pun-
ishment do you think severe enough for a printer that would make
such a mistake as thati The trouble, however, is that I'm pretty sure
the printer is entirely innocent and I'm the culprit. I don't under-
stand how I could have written it IO1.2, unless it be a case of total
depravity. Please accept my hearty thanks for the correction.

Bees and Hens In the Same Yard— Moving Bees

1. How would it do to place about 50 hens and 30 colonies of bees
in a yard 150 feet square.

2. Would many bees be lost by striking the fence-wires on windy
days?

3. Could bees that are packed with a burlap cushion of shavings
be safely moved a distance of 4 miles by closing the hive-entrance?
Would they get air enough through the cushion? New York.

Answers. — 1. It would probably do all right.

2. If the wires were a foot or so apart so that the bees would be
in the habit of flying between them, a very few might be killed; but
if the wires were much closer together the bees would always fly over
and none would be killed.

3. Don't risk it. Close the entrances with wire cloth.

Qettlns Swarms to Enter Empty Hives

There are swarms issuing from the yards of bee-keepers all around
me, which they do not take any pains to hive, as they have all they
care for. I have seen swarms hanging on the limbs of trees for a day
or two, and have set hives out to catch them, but get very few.

Have you any suggestions how to draw them to a hive set out in
the woods? This means a great deal to me. Michigan.

Answer. — I don't know anything more that to place a hive where
it is easily found by a swarm looking for a home, the inside of the
hive being acceptable in every way. Probably nothing, in this latttr
respect, will be better than to have the hive filled, or partly filled, with
clean, empty combs.

^ • »

Colonies Affected with Diarrhea

Last fall I had 50 colonies of black and hybrid bees on the sum-
mer stands with no protection except what a thicket on the west and
north afforded. During the very cold weather of January and Feb-
ruary the snow kindly enveloped them, and when the mild days of
March came, and 1 could examine their home, I found one colony
dead, under circumstances which, coupled with subsequent events,
led me to believe some disease had appeared among them. It is tL:s
belief that prompts me to refer the circumstances and conditions to
you for your opinion.

Last summer this hive was glued and waxed with a black, t my
paste-like propolis that did not smell just right, but in every ottitr
way the bees seemed healthy and all right. They did not work 11;
the super as freely as some others, but went into winter with a'.i-
ple stores. I did not, at the time, notice any other colooy tti .^
affected, but upon continuing my search, in March, I found anothr
dead colony which showed this same dark propolis. In about a wihI
another, similarly conditioned, " played out," and the nextday I c-
covered the whole yard engaged in robbing a fourth. I covered tiis
up with carpets and straw to stop the rubbing, and upomexaminatiou

later I found it affected the same us one, two and three. On March 15,
I found a fifth one dead with these appearances existing.

In no hive did I find any brood except in the fifth. There the
brood seemed perfectly healthy, and just ready to emerge from the
cell. Not all that showed blacli propolis died, but all that died were
of this class. The offensive odor, noticeable during the hot weather
last summer, was not discernible this spring, but there were patches
of pollen that seemed to have soured, and the cells containing it were
broken down and presented a very unhealthy appearance. All these
colonies left plenty of stores, and the cells in the brood-nest were in
such good condition, and so clean, as to give no evidence of any
" brood disease.''

I have tried to be brief in this history of perhaps an imaginary
trouble. Although it may not seem to you very brief, I should like to
know if you or any reader can tell me if it is a disease, and what I can
do in the premises to arrest or eradicate it. Missouri.

Answer. — I've read your letter through twice with much care,
and am a little puzzled as to reply. The appearance of your letter
gives me the impression of a man of intelligence, but I suspect that
you have not had many years' experience with bees, and if you will
promise to take it good-naturedly I'll assume that to be the case, and
answer accordingly. The " black, tarry, paste-like propolis that did
not smell just right " was not propolis at all, but the excrement of the
bees resulting from diarrhea. To be sure, you mention it as being
first noticed last summer, and diarrhea does not usually occur in sum-
mer, but that may have been from the previous winter. This winter
and spring a number of colonies were affected with diarrhea, smearing
the combs and particularly the top-bars of the frames, and probably
spotting the fronts of the hives, the worst cases dying from the dis-
ease. The fifth case was the only one with brood merely because it
was later in the season, when brood-rearing had begun. The remedy
for diarrhea is a cleansing flight. Wholesome food and proper pro-
tection and ventilation are preventives. Consult your book on the
subject of diarrhea.

■« « »

Drone-Brood and Worker-Brood

How can I tell drone-brood from worker-brood? Wisconsin.

Answer. — Lay a rule over the comb containing the brood; if it
measures 4 cells to the inch, you may know it's drone-brood ; If 5 to
the inch, It's worker-brood. If the brood is sealed, the sealing of the
worker-brood is flat, and that of the drone-brood raised or rounding.
If you have a drone-laying queen, or laying workers, you will have
drone-brood in worker-cells, and the sealing will be rounding like so
many little marbles.

«-•-♦

Honey Sent to Commission-Men

About a year and a half ago I shipped two barrels of honey to a
honey commission firm at their request, they having informed me that
they had a buyer for same. I paid 6 cents per pound here for 1080
pounds net. 'The firm said they could make a good profit for me on it
at that price. Well, time rolled on, as it has a habit of doing, and I
received no returns from the honey.

About 6 months ago the firm wrote me saying that they would
put the honey in cans, as they could not sell it in barrels. Later they
wrote that it was all sold but 3 or 4 cases. Then I wrote them not to
sell at a loss, and to send me the money for that already sold. They
replied with a draft in full for §35 49,969 pounds at 4',, cents, less
freight and commission. No account of cans, or labor of transferring,
and 111 pounds short. I could have sold it in Chicago at 6 cents, and
would have been glad to pay the freight charges, if only I had been
informed. I do not know what right they had to sacrifice my prop-
erty for the little $3.00 commission they charged for selling, after I
had told them not to sell at a loss.

What I wish to know is. Has a shipper any rights in his property
after it goes into the hands of a commission-man? Iowa.

Answer. — I'm not familiar with the laws of the different States,
but I feel safe in saying that when honey is sent to be sold on com-
mission it remains your property till it is sold to a customer, and is at
no time the property of the commissiou-man. If you say he must not
sell below a certain price, he has no right to do so, and in general you
have the right to instruct him what he is to do, he, of course, re-
ceiving the proper remuneration tor his services.

Various Races In One Yard -Best
Sunflowers

Workers— Honey In

1. Last Saturday was a very warm day, and I noticed the bees
bringing in a white looking stuff on their legs. What could it have
been?

2. One of my neighbors told me that black or brown bees could
not be kept in the same yard with Italians. Is that correct!

3. What kind of bees do you consider the best workers ?

4. Is there any honey in sunflowers, and, if so, could the common
black bees get it? Iowa.

Answers.— 1. Probably early pollea ; possibly sawdust.

2. All the kinds of bees in the world might be kept in one yard.
Possibly he meant you could not keep two kinds in one yard without
their mixing, which is true; but it is also true that they mix when
two miles or more apart.

3 Very likely you will get nothing better than Italians, although
for some purposes or localities some other may be bettef.

4. Yes to both questions.

282

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 13. 1905.

S If you want BEE-SUPPLIES of any kind you should send your ^

^ order now. I/ater the rush will be so great that it will be impossible to ^
^ fill all orders promptly. ^

■^ We save you 25 percent on SUPPLIES of all kinds. ^

JOHN DOLL & SON, |

1^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive.
You can't have healthy, profltable
fowls or Btock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vermin and
makes sitting hens comfortable.
Sample tnc; 100 oz.. »1.00 by express.
O. R. 8TOCK FOOI> CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vi<'e-Pres.
406 Monon Bide., Chicago. IIL

BEES

A big stock ready to

GO NOW

QUEENS

We wish to say that we are now loaded with a big stock of Fine Bees and <|ueens
ready to mail now; do delay ; send for what you need at once.

We breed the 3 and 5 banded Italians, Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands, and Albinos,
in their purity, in separate yards from 5 to 30 miles apart.

Tested queens, St. 25 each; Breeders, $3 to ?5 each. Untested, from either race, 75 cts. ;
6 for f4, or J7.50 per dozen.

Full colonies, 1, 2 and 3 frame Nuclei cheaper than you ever bought good stock for be-
fore. No better to be had. Write for price-list FREE.

Safe arrival and perfect satisfaction guaranteed or your money returned. Prices of
Queens to dealers, or in large lots on application.

We can sell you BEE-HIVES of yellow pine at about half the cost of white pine goods.
Get our prices before you buy.

THE BEE AND HONEY CO ,

W. Atchley, Mgr.
14Atf BBESVILiIjE!, BBE3 CO., TH!3CA.S.

Please mention Bee Jonmal 'when ^nitins

ManuiacWers Of b66't\G6P6rS OUPPIIBS

Lowest Prices and Highest Quality. Our New Cata-
log just out. Write for it. Compare prices with others.
15 years' experience. Not in the Combination. Modern
Machinery. Sections and Shipping-Cases by the car-load.
Prompt shipments. Hives, Extractors, Feeders, and all
Supplies used by bee-keepers. All goods guaranteed as
per Catalog MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

l^Atf Pleafle mention Bee Joomal wnen writtno.

Reports a\\^
(£xpcriencc5

Temperature of Bee-Cellars

I have 82 colonies to begin the season with.
It has been a very severe winter, and the tem-
perature in my bee-cellar has been only 39 de-
grees all winter, while that of a neighbor's has
been 45. We will note the difference in spring.
Mine had 5 pounds more of honey each than
hie did, when put into winter quarters.

I am very much pleased with the American
Bee Journal. It grows better every year.
F. A. Metcalfe.

Ontario, Canada, March 7.

The Season in California

I have remarked several times upon the flat-
tering prospects in California for the coming
honey crop. In the 11 years that I have been
here, although we have had 3 remarkably
fruitful years, I think no season has given this
early anything like the genuine promise that
confronts us at this time. We have had most
generous rains, in fact the best for over a de-
cade. As I have stated frequently, 15 inches
is our average. We have already gone much

Southwestern Bee-keepers
5AVE MONEY

See onr prices on all BEE-KEEPERS' SUP-
PLIES before yon bny. send for Catalog^. We
carry a fnll and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HONEY-CANS AND FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co. in Texas
as their sole and exclnsive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant Si Sons* world-
famous Comb Foundation exclusively. Get our
prices before buving.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quantity at all seasons of the year.
Let us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Bought and sold. We will buy your honey-
crop, and we especially want your beeswax at
highest market pricep.

THE GBAHAM-HTDE BEE CO.,

(H. H. Hyde, Succes<ior)
lD9t SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS.

Vlease xnentloii Hee Joamai "vnen 'writuufr

VS^k%^ BROWN LEGHORNS

Noted Winter-Laying Strain. Cockerel Ma-
line, headed by Rochester Prize-Winner; Eggs,
12.00 per 13. Pullet Mating, headed by pnllet
line; pedigreed; Exmoor males. $2 50 per If.
Flock on range, headed oy 2d Wis. State Fair
winner, and others of equal quality, $1.00 per
IS. Ueos in all pens result of 15 years' scientific
breeding.

bingle Comb Buff Orpingtons. The grand
new breed. No better quality in existence. $2 00
per 15 eggs.

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. Hens up to 23
pounds each. Not Inbred. Eggs $2.50 per 19;
25 for $5 00.

MRS. MILLIE HONflKER, Viroqua, Wis.

15-17-18A3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Fere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

15A12t FREMONT. MICH.

4

O-Page Catalog Free!

Full information resurdinR all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' 8UPPL1KS. Best goods. Latest Im-
provements. Danzenbaher Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt Bhlpments. JOHN NIBEL & SON SCPPLT
CO., High Hill, Mo, SDtf
Plepse mention Bee Journal xrben wntinfr

April 13, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

283

beyond this, and the chances are that the end
is not yet.

Yesterday I took a ride into the canyons
and there was a wealth of bloom that was
surely most encouraging. I chanced to stop
my horse beneath a live-oal< tree, which was
in full bloom, and the loud hum of the bees
showed full well that they were making good
use of their opportunity. This winter has not
only been very wet, but it has been so mild
that we are sure to have very early bloom. I
have often called attention to the fact that in
wet years our bloom is sure to be protracted,
so the present year we are not only sure to
have a great wealth of nectar-bearing flowers,
but it is equally certain that they will hang
on for a long time.

There is only one possible chance for a fail-
ure. If, at the time of the honey season we
should have continuous cold winds, these
might somewhat interfere with our success.
It is hardly to be expected, however, that we

"SURE RING" TELEPHONE

Costs 50c more than our regular bridR-
ing telephone, but with it you can ring
the 2Uth telephone on the line with the
other Id receivers off the hooks a,nd get
party wanted. Send for descriptive
circular, also book F- SOillustraiing all
our rural telephones, etc. Address
nearest office. STROMBERG-CARLSON
TEL. MFG. CO., Rochester, N. Y., Chicago, III.

Please mentloa Bee Journal wh.en wrltliiF

queens'

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease for
—Untested Queens, early in May, 75 cte.; 2-
frame Nacleas, with Queen, $2.25. Eight years'
experience.

Chesley Presswood,

Mcdonald, Bradley Co., TENN.
14A4t-lSE2t Please meutioa the Bee Journal.

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice Killing Machine

kllUkll UoB ftDd mites. ^ o Injury to birdi or femUi.
era. Hkndl«t %aj fowl. emkUest chick to largrtBt
gobbler. Hkdeln three eliei. Pkjr for Itself flrat
■ckaoD. Also Lightning Lie* KUling fhtedtr,
FtmUiy B\t»,Liee Murder. etc. Weiecnreipecl*!
lyw6iprM9r»t«i. C»Uli« sent free. WrlWforil.

CHARLES 8C11ILD CO.
401 Detroit St., Cleveland, OlltO

For Sale

SULPHUR
SPRINGS

flDlary

consisting of 125 colonies of bees, at $3.00
per colony, for whole lot. (No foul brood.)

S.J. HAQER,

15A4t Box 208, UTICA, ILL.

Creeningis Steam DuoTrees^

AGENTS WANTED

700 ACF^KS

nsoffcCNiNO oRoa.NURsennroa.

f'lease "^flntion Ben joumaj wneii wmiue

TREES THAT

Hardy varieties
Wg crops. On
Apple, 4Hc; Budded
Peach, 3Kc;BJack

Locust Seed'
life's, ^H per

1000; Con-
cord Qrftpes,
per 100. We
the freight.
og. Elngllflh
free.
NURSERIES
tricfl, Neb.

Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

Send for Catalog^.

Lealm Mfg. Co., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t

Please mention the Bee Tonrnal.

Low In price. Fully guaranteed. |] D Siod
Seud for free catalogue. jj fgf

SANTA MFS. CO.. LIGONIEK. INDIANA. FntCatilOf

nease xnentlon Bee Journal wnea wtiluoa.

If GoodH are wanted Quick, send to Pouder **

BEE-SUPPLIES I

m

Root's Goods at, Root's rrices f

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. ^it

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. X

Low Freight Rates. .•. .'. Catalog Free. ^

fOne of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every ^
shipment, if you will 'inention it when ordering, telling where you saw ^
# the offer. ^^ 0

#

WALTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

BMBEISDPPLII

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices,

Root's Smokers and Extractors, Dadant's Comli Founiialion, Binaliaiii Smote.

Dovetailed hives witli the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
hpe-hive Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers; but thev are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a Pnce with
freieht paid to 'your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
each vear into every State east of the Rocky Mountains: let us ship to you.

A PoBTEK Bee-Escape Free with First Obder if Yoi; say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. H. SCOTT & CO.,E.a'st.lndianapolis,Ind.

Hease mention Bee Journal -when ■writiiie

1

\

Important to You [

And Complimentary to Us r

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of goods you want.
They are the HOOT GOODS, and we sell them at Dcs Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for esiiiiiateand discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 190o catalog.

JOSEPH NYSEWANDER '57s'/5''6rw'7.Hst.Des Moines, Iowa

8\St— 14R5t

owa r

§ Send for Our 1904 CaUlog and Price-Llst.

I OUR HIVES AND SEOTIOlSrS

0 Are Perfect In Workmanship and material.

n By .sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and

•J secure prompt shipment.

1 PAGE • LYON MFQ. CO., New London,Wis. ""•* ^

Please M ition the American Bee Jonrnal flJSitff

284

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 13 1905

can have continuous weather of this kind. An
occasional day, or a few days, may come and
lessen the crop, but that the entire season
should be thus characterized is not to be pre-
sumed. A. J. Cook.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., March 23.

Locations in Virginia and Maryland

Last fall I sold my bees and fixtures with
the intention of locating in the South, hoping
to do better where the summers are longer
and winters less severe.

Would some bee-keeper in Virginia or
Maryland let me know through the columns
of the American Bee Journal if it is a good
place for bees in those States, when the hon-
ey-flow comes in, and what the bees mostly
work on? also, if there is any chance for
Northern bee-keepers to locate in those States
to start an apiary. An answer would be of
great interest to many here.

John H. Obbn.

Barron Co., Wis., Feb. 6.

Loss of Bees by Smeiter Smol^e and

Droum— Great Yield from One

Colony

The few colonies I have left from the wreck
of 7 years' smelter smoke and 3 years' drouth
have never done so well as they did in 1904.
From the causes named, during the last 7
years, I have lost about 400 colonies of bees.
In 1900 I had 97 colonies in one apiary, and in
the spring of 1903 only 3 of them were left.
These I increased to 4, and as there was a
good honey-flow I piled supers filled with
empty combs on top until 3 of them were 8
stories and 2 of them 4 stories high. I win-
tered them in that way, and they came
through in good condition. There was a
good honey-flow last season, and as the bees
were located pretty much outside the range
of the smelter smoke, they gave a good
account of themselves, and I now have 14
colonies.

One of the colonies in the 4-story hives re-
ferred to came through the winter strong,
and on May 10 it had 3 extracting-supers
nearly full of brood, and a super of honey. I
removed the queen with 3 supers of brood,

iTA.rjiA.isr

6ees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in fall colonies.

One untested queen $1.10

One tested queen 1.65

One select tested queen.. 2.2 i

Ode breeding queen 3.30

One comb nucleus (no
queen) 1.80

Untested ready in May ; all
others ready now from last
season's rearing.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. I.,. STKItNC}.
ao4 East Logan Street, CLARINDA. IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jaarnil.

DAVENPORT,

IOWA.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

G. B. Lewis Go's B-WARE,
Dadant's Foundation.

We can serve you quick and save you
freight and express charpres. Send us
your BEESWAX In exchange for other
goods. Send for our Catalog.

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS. ^

Bees For Sale.

30or 4) colonies Italian Bees, in good shape,
In L. hives (8 fr.) at $3.50 per colony.

QUSTAVE GROSS, Lake Mills, Wis.

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS i CHICAGO.

Best and Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Abnd, Manager.

Having decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Crood»
at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY

AND BEE
SUPPLY

CO.

(Not incorporated — Successors to The York Honej Co.)

H. M. ARND, Mgr. 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

tt^° Beeswax 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

GOOD DISCOUNTS ON EARLY ORDERS

TOCK OF BEE SU PPLIES- - LE Wl S CO S AT FACTORY PRICES

MUTH SPECIAL HIVE

THE BEST DOVE TAIL MADE

SEND FOR CATALOG.

WE ARE ALWAYS IN THE MARKET TO BUY HONEY--SUBMIT PRICE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

51 WALNUT STREET,

CINCINNATI; OHIO.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are makings for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Diumer's Foondaiion is lU Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax Into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

-FOK, "2'OXJK,-

BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY-BOXES % CRATES

O SWTCn TO TWIT 5i

lA13t ^

-SEND TO THE-

Sheboygan Fruit-Box Co., Sheboygan, Wis.

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS on all orders till Jan. 1, 1905.

please mention Bee journal when wrltlne.

April 13, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

285

u

DADAST'S FOUNDATION"

IT EX:OEI-iS.

.*%''- .*|ir. .*%'. .»•i^

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

^m^

■^♦r'W'^f?

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES « -^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

.>(f>. .>ik. ..'ii. .•'(>.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

left a super of hatching brood on the old
stand, dividing the super of honey between
them, and finished filling each super with
foundation. May 21 both hives were full of
bees and honey, the new one having built
over 30 queen-cells. I then divided the bees,
brood and honey of the new colony, and filled
up with foundation, as before, again moving
the old queen to furnish fleld-bees for the sec-
ond new one. June 16 the old queen came
out with a swarm. July 1 and 11 I made 2
more swarms, and as there was a big honey-
flow they were all strong. I moved the old
colony on July 1, but on July U I found it
could not stand a second move. As there
were 4 comb-honey supers on the May 10th
swarm, 1 moved the May 21st swarm to fur-
nish field-bees for the last new one. I now
had 6 strong colonies, and run them to the
best advantage with the following result:

I took off 617 pounds of extracted honey,
which I sold at an average price of 7'^ cents
per pound, and 16 24-pound cases of comb
honey which I sold at S2.50 per case. I also
left an extra super for wintering on each of
the 6 colonies.

The honey score of the 6 colonies is as fol-
lows:

Extracted, June 20 60 pounds

" July 1 117 "

" July 11 50 "

July 29 150 •'

'■ Aug. 15 165 "

Aug. 39 75 '■

Comb, Aug. 15 3 cases

" Aug. 29 3 "

'• Sept. 15 4 "

" Oct. 14 7 "

I am wintering them in 2-stury hives, and I
think there is honey enough in either story to
carry them through. The bees seem to win-
ter better in this way, with less spring
dwindling, and they build up faster in the
spring.

In taking off the honey I boxed up the full
combs and hauled them home, and after ex-
tracting the honey from them I melted the

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giviag entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVII<I,E, TENN.

tWJ.O. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■WTitin&

OoldenQiieensaiidBees

Ready June 1. Hustlers for honey; very gen-
tle, non-swarming. Price-list now ready — also
an 8-page leaflet on queen-rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

fiease mention Bee Journal when writine.

r?

80 Foi
200 £gq
INCUBATOR

12

aa

•erfe"t lo nonatnictlcn
■Miftim, 'iatrhea every fer lU
"Kg. Tnte fur catalog to-iij

GEO. M. STAHI

0u)nc7

Flease mention i^ne Journal ■wnen writlnp

Tested Queens by Return Mail,
— $1.00 Each—

We have a lari^e number of Choice Tested
Queens, reared la&i September and October, and
wintered in 4-frame nuclei; these queens are
vigorous and pro':'^c, and of our fine strain of
Three Band Iiali.iii . Just the queens to build
up weak colonies. .' 'V them. Send for circular,

J. W. K SHAW & CO.

13Atf LiOKKiUViLLE, Iberia Par., La.

Lan^stroth on the
Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for 52.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

Wb Sbll root's Goods in Michiqan

Let OS quote yon prices on Sections, Hiyes,
Foundation, etc., ae we can save you time and
freiglit. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bell Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

2S6

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 13. 1905.

B66-SUDPli6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larffe stock and
greatest varietyof everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Frbe Iv-

LUSTRATED CATALOG, and

read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massle Hives, etc.

■WRITE AT ONCB FOR CATALOG

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,Neo.! Shngart & Ouren, Council Bluffs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers, Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

NORRIS & ANSPACH
LEWIS' GOODS IN KENTON, OHIO

We handle a most complete line of G. B. Lewis
Co's goods at their regular factory prices. Dove-
tailed HIVES, SECTIONS (all kinds),
SMOKERS. VEILS-in fact everything for
the bee-keeper. Send lOcents for B-PrankS,
an amusing and instructive little pamphlet, or,
it will be sent free for the names and addresses
of 6 bee keepers.

Lewis Makes the Finest Supplies —
We Sell Them.

Wholesale and Retail. Send for Catalog.

13Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

HONEY- JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross In case complete,
in 5-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 i, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

UAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; AdvertUerH.

i
i
i

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

— OF

i *^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

^ Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the

^ National Total Abstinence League.

YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
< General and special agents wanted. Address,
^ 3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

a

March 1st to April 15th

2 percent Discount.

Dovetailed HItcs from Michig-au White Pine,
$1.25 each, IJ^story for comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

lOAtf LANSINQ, MICH.

Flease mention Bse Journal \?nen vntma

LOWEST RATES EAST

are afforded via the Nickel Plate Road.
With solid through trains to New York
City and intermediate points, via both
Lackawanna and West Shore Roads,
and to Boston and other New England
points, via the Nickel Plate and West
Shore and Boston & Maine Roads,
travelers via that popular low rate line
are offered all modern conveniences.
Excellent Dining Car Service, meals
being served in Nickel Plate dining
cars on American Club Meal Plan,
ranging in price from 3Sc to $1.00. No
excess fare charged on any train on
the Nickel Plate Road. Chicago depot.
Van Buren and La Salle Sts., the only
railroad station in Chicago on the Ele-
vated Railroad Loop. City Ticket Of-
fice, 111 Adams St. 'Phone Central 2057.
1— llA5t

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTB Queen-ClippliK;
Device Is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
NeTV subscriber to the Bee Journal
Ifor a year at $1.00; or for ?1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

aEORQB W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

i On6-Pl6G6 SGGilons

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBlfl MFG. CO. ''^^^°°'

15 Alt i

Please mention the Bee Journal.

combs, getting about 30 pounds of wax. I
put sheets of foundation between the parlly-
fllled combs, and kept all queens supplied
with full sheets of foundation for laying-room.
I regard that particular colony as a wonder.

Our leather-colored bees are on top as
honey-gatherers. I have not figured up the
profit on those bees, but if the 6 colonies are
alive the first of April I would not take «50
for them.

With my 97 colonies in 1900 I thought I
had things pat, but, like Paddy's flea, when
he put his finger on it it was not there, and
my bees vanished like the smoke that helped
to destroy them. It now looks as if the be-
ginning of the end of smelter smoke is in
sight, but I will report later if the good news
proves true.

Mr. Hasty said last spring that I had thrown
up my hat for the 1000-pound mark, and he
thought if some one would give figures in-
stead of assertions it would be better. Now
this figure has been reached in this State
many times, but it must not be inferred that
1000 pounds of honey has been taken from
one hive. It is always figured "spring
count " — one colony and its increase during
the season. E. S. Lovest.

Salt Lake Co., Dtah, Feb. 3.

STANDARD

AND..

Poultry

Rf^f. SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

griggsTbros,

521 Monroe Street,
TOrjE3X30, - OHIO.

inl.sn ^LtoiAuiOLk t:>oo ^UuJ.'i-

w uoia ai\ixaut.

For Queens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclalr. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year;
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 7bc ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
SP6 ; 15 for $8.25 ; 25 for $12.50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

Please mentioa Bee Journal 'Wlien 'Kmtuie

FOR SALE

The apiary of the late Charles B. Achard, Is
for sale in Rochelle, Du Page Co., 111. It con-
tains 11 colonies, 30 complete Danzenbaker
hives (15 of them nnnsed), tools, sections, foun-
dation, etc. Inquire of

MISS A. M. ACHARD, Rochelle, 111.

13A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

April 13. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

287

Guaranteed Superiority ! $

Lowest Prices

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

TheAmericanBee-Keeper

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

With tears of sweetest joj,
That nothing can alio;,
I arise to say that
(Excuse this shabby hat)

DOOLITTLE

Has worked so very hard
That he has got a " pard "
To help him with his bees,
Aad if yon wish to please

yonrseU and ns, send for
a circular giving particu-
lars regarding our fine
ITALtAN QUEENS.
Prices for Queens this
season will be as follows :
1 3

Untested $1.00 $2.25

'Tested J.25 3.0i»

Select Tested .. 150 4 00
Select Tested
(1904 rearing) .. 2.S0 ....
Select Breeding 5.U0 ....
Extra Select

Breeding 10.00

Prices quoted by the
, dczen or hundred.

Doollttle S Clark,

llDtf Borodino. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

W E.E.LAWRENCE, DONIPHAN, MO.

* (box 28), breeder of

Fine Italian Queen Bees

Orders booked now and tilled
in rotation. Send for price-list.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

lO CENTS A YEAR.

flirt MAGAZINE, largest,

I IIP brightest and finest

I llV) Illustrated Maga-

Dixie Home SS""-

It is bright and up-
to-date. Tells all about Southern Home Life.
it is full of fine engraTiugs of grand scenery,
luildings and famons people. Send at once.
■Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ada and Mexico. Six years, SOc. Or, clubs of
6 names, 50c; 12 for SI. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps taiien. Cut this
ont.« Send to-day. THE OfxiE HOME,
:4A48t No. 75, Birmingham, Alabama.

Hcadfluartersfor BeC'Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOB 1905 HOW OH lUID.
FSEIGHT SITES FEOI CINCIHHATI lEE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

Yon will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

E^'" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, April 7— The market has cleaned
up quite well on comb honey. Choif-e white
comb is selling at lim i3c, and the off grades
are also moving freely at 9@10c. Extracted is
not sharing in this movement and prices are
weak at 6@7c for white and 5@6c for dark ac-
cording to flavor, body and package. Beeswax,
29@30c. R. A. B'dr»btt d£ Co.

New York, March tl. — There is no improve-
ment in the comb honey situation. The demand
is next to nothing; quotations nominal and no
doubt some of the stock will have to be carried
over. We quote fancy at 13c: No. 1 at from
U@12c, and dark at from 9@10c. Extracted ii
lu fair demand: Wliiteatfrom 6@65ic; light
amber at 5>6c; Southern in barrels from 50@57c
per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm
at 29c. HiLDKBTH & Sboblken.

Boston, March ''.—The demand for comb
honey still continues light with heavy stocks
on hand Fancy white, lS@16c: No. 1, 14c. Ex-
tracted, 6@8c, according to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, March 31.— The honey situa-
tion does not improve. While there is a little
better movement the prices seem to be lower.
Fancy white brings iZ a case; No. 1, $1.75; am-
ber and lower grades from $1.25 to Jl.SO. Ex
traded, 4H@6c. Bees wax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, O., April 7. —The large slock of
comb honey, yet offered with hardly any de-
mand caused lower prices. I quote fancy water
white at 12c; other trrades m proportion, lower.
Extracted is in the usual demand for this time
of the year; quote amber iabarrels at 5Ji@5Wc;
in cans, J^c more; white clover, from 7(u*8c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Wbber.

Philadblpbia, March 22. — As the season ad-
vances, the call for honey_ is decreasing, and
the market at the , resent time is dull. Some
few sales. We quite: Fancy white, 13@14c;
No. 1, ll@12c; aiui r, He. Exti acted, white,
6X'§'7c; amber, S"-;" c. Beeswax, 2Sc.

We are producers i honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Albany, N.Y.. r
this extreme cold
which candies or ^'-
We quote: Fancy ■■
mixed, lOmllc; bucv
better demaud:
6@6>ic. Buckwhea
Jewish people will
30@32c.

b. 8.— Honey market dull
-eather, especially comb,
''ulates and cracks easily.
jite, 13@l4c; No. 1. 12(sil3c;
V heat, 10® He. Extracted,
kwheat, 6@6)4c; white,
-.lost In demand, as the
nave no other. Beeswax,
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, March 10— There is little, if any,
improvement in the honey market here, since
our last (^notation. We hope to render a more
encouraging report soon. We quote amber ex-
tracted honey in barrels and cans at 5i^®6Hc.
White clover at 7@8c. Fancy white comb at
12®13c. Beeswax, 28c.

The Fred W.Muth Co.

San Francisco, March 29— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber,8$10c Extracted,
white, 6®<>% cents; light amber, 45<@5)4c; am-
ber, 3Ji®4Jic; dark amber, 3@35ic. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29®30c; dark, 27@28c.

Stocks of amber grades are of fairly liberal
proportions for this advanced date in'the sea-
son, and include some recent arrivals from the
Hawaiian Islands. Inquiry is slow and market
lacks firmness. Choice water-white honey is
in light supply.

^ Busai TS o% g tnojj asuj paw

r.l'd 187S, '82, 'Ua & ltlU3

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line: 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

Please tttention Bee Journal
when writing; advertisers.

28a

THE AMERICAN- BEE JOURNAL.

April 13r, 190SJ

If your bees eould talk they would

ask you for

•— LEWIS' dOODS — ■

The Aristocracy of "Beedom" Live in Lewis' Bives.

NOTICE.

Ltwis' Goods are the BEST that jour money will buy. It is economy in the end to use them. They cost you no more than any other
standard make. If you have any difficulty in making up your order, detei mining correct prices, send us a list of the articles wanted and we will
make you an esuojaie showing the exact cost. We have increased our output by installing new machinery, our storage capacity with new
warehouses, and are therefore in position to give the best service in the world.

Agents ^%^^*^
Evervwhere

Agents JCJ::
Everywhere

SECOND EDITION.

We have received many gratifying compliments on the uniqueness of " Bee Pranks," coupled with an insistent demand for more. Our
frst edition is exhausted, and we have been compelled to issue a second edition. We will send this little book postpaid for 12 cents, or free for
the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers.

WE ARE BREAKING
RECORDS ON
PROMPT SHIPMENTS

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

SEND FOR FREE
CATALOG -•-•-•-•-
describing and listing

EVERYTHING
KNOWN TO THE
BEE-KEEPER

G. B. LEWIS CO. «? s»i^ Watertown,Wis.

(^\nenca/2

See 3o

Published by GEORGE W, YORK & CO,, 334 Dearborn Street,

45th Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 20, 1905.

No. 16.

290

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20, 19f5.

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bhb Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-

"'=^''^= C.C. MILLER,

Of Illinois.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,

Of New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A.J. COOK,

Of California.
Semi-monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

#

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleaulues in Bee Culture,
6 months, 25c.

We are certain that any one inter-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN BEE Culture. "We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 2Sc. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

Enclosed find 25 cents, for wJiicb
send me Gieaning-s in Bee Cul-
ture 6 montlis.

NAME . . .

P. 0

COUNTY.
STATE..

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken ifrom our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The business for many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for Tlie A. I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A. I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers and Friends :

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

George W. York & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences offered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnne — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit^

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to usf or
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

DANZEXBAKER HIVE.

"PactK About Bees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent on receipt of a 2-cent stamp to pay the postage. Send lor it.

fS Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE.
Three Points of Excellence :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SFH3CIAI-I ISrOTICBJ

The great popularity of the Danzenbaker hive has brought the shallow brood-frame and the
tall plain sections into prominence. It must be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything jdst
RIGHT, so you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any ot our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, 111.

Ill .

crri

11

il
mil

1*

■1

\i

ffr-?

111
iJII

A.

a

9>&&&&&&&&&&&&&&^'@^'&G'&'fS^^^'^®'&&&*^'

Enlered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published TTeekly at $1.00 a. Tear by George "W. fork & Co., 334 UearbornlSt.

aBORQE W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 20, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No. 16.

=\

(Sbttortal Hotes
anb (Eommcnts

J

Great " Farm Journal" and Manufactured (?) Comb Honey

Several of our subscribers have sent us the following paragraph,
as having appeared in the April issue of the Farm Journal, published
in Philadelphia, Pa :

" Beekeeping is pleasant and profitable work, and real honey is
hard to get in these days. Not only is the ' honey ' manufactured,
but the wax-cells as well are imitated ; so that even though you buy
your honey in the ' comb,' you are as likely to get glucose as not.
Therefore, fragrant honey, the real product of the bees, will always
find a good market, and my women readers might be able to sell it
through the Woman's Exchanges."

We wrote to the editor of the Farm Journal, as Manager of The
Honey-Producers' League, as soon as we learned of the appearance
of the above paragraph. We called his attention to the misrepresen-
tation of honey that he was helping to perpetuate, and also explained
to him the origin of the false story about comb honey being manu-
factured. In reply to our letter he wrote us as follows :

Deiir Sir : — I am in receipt of your esteemed favor of the 25th.
Yes, our good lady made a little mistake, I fear. Of course, the Farm
Journal will make everything right. W. A.

It seems the paragraph quoted above appeared in a department
called " Heart Problems," which is conducted by a lady who writes
under the name of "Aunt Harriet." We feel sure from the above re-
ply of the Farm .Journal that proper correction will be made in the
May number.

Make or Buy Hives— Which?

A member of the American Bee Journal family thinks it is a mis-
take for the American Bee Journal to advise beginners to buy rather
than to make their own hives, he having found out by actual trial that
he can do better to make them. His view, no doubt being entirely
honest, deserves respectful consideration.

It is probably safe to say that the great majority of bee-keepers
buy rather than make. They would not do so unless they thought
they could do so at a saving. But there remains the possibility that
some of them may be mistaken ; possibly misled by what our friend
counts the ill-considered advice of this Journal. The testimony of
one who has merely gone upon the advice of others does not count for
much in this case. But among those who prefer to buy are not a few
who have had experience — and large experience — in both making and
buying; some of them veterans who made their own hives before
there were factories from which they could obtain them ready-made.
Their testimony certainly is of value.

Yet in spite of all this, here comes a man who is exceptionally
skillful in the use of tools, who makes his hives in time which would
be spent at the corner grocery, so that really nothing need be counted
for his time; he will do better to make his hives.

Now suppose ten beginners stand up in a row and propouou lo
the American Bee Journal this question, " Shall we make or buy;"

And suppose the .Journal answers, " Make." According to what has
been said, it is morally certain that nine out of the ten — more likely
ten out of the ten — will be misled by that answer. They will find that
their hives will cost them more than if they had bought them ready to
nail together ; and, what is a good deal worse, they will find that they
are much less satisfactory than when made in quantity, with every
advantage of special machinery and the most exact measurements. So
if the Journal is an honest Journal, it will advise, " Buy." If one of
the ten happens to be like the exceptional case mentioned, there is
little doubt that he will find out very soon that he is an exception,
and will act accordingly.

All of this is aside from the question as to whether prices charged
by manufacturers are too high or not. Those who make hives in large
quantities certainly can afford to sell them at lower prices than if made
on a small scale. If they do not offer them at fair prices, competition
should bring quotations down to the proper level.

The Honey-Producers' League

The membership dues are coming in very nicely when it is remem-
bered that The Honey-Producers' League is only about one month old,
and has just been announced to bee-keepers through the bee-papers.
Since the first report on page 260, the Manager has received the fol-
lowing :

GusDittmer $22

J. A. Green 10

C. A. Hatch 10

Robt. A. Holekamp 6

J. C. Davis 5

John Nebel& Son Supply Co. IS

Walter S. Pouder 24

J. B. Mason 12

A. Mottaz 2

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. . . . 30

Alvin Long 1

Doolittle it Clark 3

C. J. Thies 1

Sadie A. Butts 1

W. B. Moore 5

A. D. Hopps 2

W. C. Soott 1

E. D. Townsend 15

Wm. A. Selser 10

.$ 178
Reported before 1045

Total $1223

From now on the membership should grow very fast, as the ob-
jects of the League are such that they should commend it to all who
either produce honey or are at all interested in it as dealers. Bee-
keepers must do their own advertising, or else it will not be done.
They will need to pay for it, too, else it will not be paid for. But by
all combining, as proposed by the League, the expense will not come
heavy on any particular bee-keeper. " In union there is strength."
" Co-operation " is the thing desired in The Honey-Producers' League.
If you want to see your own best success, then become a member as
directed on page 259.

Qo Slowly On Increase

You will then go more surely. M.
Review: " Remember, if you never
never have much decrease.^'

A. Gill says in the Bee-Keepers'
make much increase, you will

How Many Colonies In One Place

The editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review says:

The general experience, from all over the country, is that the yield
of almost any locality may be lessened by the bringing in of too many
colonies; but just how many colonies it is profitable for one man to
keep in one apiary has never been settled, and never will be settled, as
localities, seasons and methods differ. My advice or plan would be to
keep on increasiag an apiary until the profits were lessened by the

292

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20, 1905.

increase in numbers. By this I don't mean the yield per colony has
been lessened, as this might happen, yet the yield in the aggregate,
and the profits, might still be increased. I mean that, when, consider-
ing the capital and labor employed, we don't make so much money
because the locality is overstocked, then I would start another apiary.
It may require quite a little experience to decide this, and, even then,
it can't be decided indefinitely for each year; an approximate decision
is the best that we can get.

Good advice ; only stronger emphasis might be placed on the dif-
ficulty of deciding when the point in numbers has been reached that
will yield the greatest total profit. Suppose the profit less this year
than last; how is one to tell whether it is because of greater numbers
or because of a poorer season? Suppose the number kept this year is
larger than ever before, and the profit as well. But that is because of
the extraordinary fiow. Such a flow does not come again in the next
10 years, and there is a loss because the full number is kept right
along. As Mr. Hutchinson intimates, it's a game of guess at best, and
It is well to guess too low rather than too high.

Use the Least Possible Heat On Wax

Says E. D. Townsend in the Bee-Keepers' Review: " If you want
that soft, nice, pliable wax that is so much in demand in the market,
don't ever allow your wax to boil in any process of rendering."

ItlisceUancous
IXetPs > 3 terns

J

Mr. Fred W. Muth, of The Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati,
Ohio, gave us a pleasant office call last week when in Chicago on
business. He is a hustler from " way back " — or from Cincinnati,
more properly speaking. If he doesn't get his share of the business to
be had it isn't his fault.

Hurry Up Printing Co. is the firm name under which Emer-
son T. Abbott, of St. .Joseph, Mo., is conducting a printing and pub-
lishing business. He has just recently purchased the plant and good-
will of the Stewart Printing Co. of that city, and says on his announce-
ment card, " Promptness, neatness, and accuracy will be our watch-
word." We wish the new concern every success.

Eastern Georgia for Bee-Keeping.— We have a request
from a subscriber in New York State, who desires information con-
cerning the eastern part of Georgia as a bee and honey country. Will
some of our subscribers, who are in that part of the State, kindly let
us know briefly concerning the matter, as no doubt others besides our
New York subscriber would be pleased to get the information.

" Building Business and Making Men " is the title of a
little 20-page pamphlet written by Mr. Frank B. White, president of
White's Class Advertising Company, Chicago, 111. It was prepared
for reading before " White's Class," which is mainly composed of
employees of White's Class Advertising Company, who meet
monthly for the discussion of various subjects of interest to their
business. The contents of the pamphlet referred to above were read
at the January meeting, and at the suggestion of several public-
spirited visitors who were present, Mr. White issued it in pamphlet
form. Any of our readers who desire a copy can have it on request.
It will well repay a careful reading, as Mr. White has had large experi-
ence with men and business matters in general.

QEORQE W. BRODBECK

It has been my great pleasure, and no less a privilege, to know
intimately our departed friend, the late Secretary of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, George W. Brodbeck, for over 14 years. I have
met him in the railway car, at hie bee-ranch in the grand mountain
canyon, at the convention, and in the quiet of the home. It has rarely
been my good fortune to know one who has taken a stronger hold of
my respect and affections than did Mr. Brodbeck. He was certainly a
man who was deeply religious, and as sincerely determined to exem-
plify the teachings of the Master in his life and work as any one I
have ever known. His kindly sympathy was ever manifest. When
any proposition was u!(,'«rl his first question was, Is it right, and best?
It there was any possibility that wrong could come to any one, then

his opposition knew no bounds. If any contemplated enterprise
promised benefit to those interested, especially to his bee-keeping
brothers, then his enthusiasm and willingness to sacrifice in such
cause was almost phenomenal. There is little wonder, then, that he
was a leader in whatever concerned the bee-keeping interests of our
State. There was no wonder that he was choice for Secretary of the
National Association ; there was no less wisdom shown in selecting
him to be President of the business organization from which so much
was hoped in aiding the bee-keepers to market their honey.

As suggested above, it was once my pleasure to visit the apiary of
our friend in one of the most beautiful and romantic spots in the San
Bernardino range of mountains. Like all our best bee-keepers, Mr.
Brodbeck was exceedingly neat and methodical. I feel sure that
method, or system, in all his work might almost be said to be his
watchword. I think I never saw a more neatly arranged apiary, or
one in better condition in every way, in all the apiaries that I have
visited in our State than was this. Indeed, one may safely say that
Mr. Brodbeck may be called the Hetherington or Bingham of Califor-
nia. He was no less a student than a practical man, and thus he was
an up-to-date tiee-keeper. He not only practiced the best that pre-
vailed in other apiaries, but like all our beekeepers he had many
time-savers, short-cuts, and ingenious inventions and methods pecu-
liarly his own. Those of us who used to enjoy his presence in con-
ventions will remember how earnestly he used to father any proposi-
tion that looked to the advancement of our apiarian practices and
methods.

One only needed to know Mr. Brodbeck but slightly to recognize
at once that he was one of our most clean and pure men. It is a firm
belief of mine that a clean heart is almost always indexed in the face.
Mr. Brfldbeck was no exception. It was no wonder, then, that when
his name was proposed for the Secretary of the National Association
all of our visiting delegates, who had enjoyed looking into his kindly
eye, united with us at once in giving to our revered friend this proud
honor. Such clean, true men as Mr. Brodbeck are the glory of any
country. Such men always have beautiful homes, and beautiful
homes are a very bulwark against everything vicious and mischievous.
Mr. Brodbeck was the head of such a home; and the spirit of the man
was felt as soon as one entered his household.

Mr. Brodbeck was an earnest, faithful, consistent member of the
Methodist Church. His brother. Dr. Brodbeck— these two brothers
were very dear to each other — has been for long years superintendent
of one of the largest and most successful Sunday schools In the city of
Los Angeles. All those who were so fortunate as to be present at the
Los Angeles meeting of the National Association, will remember the
delightful music which charmed us all on that occasion. This music
was rendered by the orchestra of Dr. Brodbeck's school, and, as I re-
member, was a free gift.

Our friend was one of those rare spirits who carry every principle
ot their religion into their daily life. It may be said of him almost as
truly as ot any one I ever knew, as was said of the Master, " He went
about doing good. In his life there was no guile."

That Mr. Brodbeck had the confidence of our hard-headed business
men is apparent from the fact that he was elected President of the
California National Honey-Producers' Exchange. This organization
undertook a great work, along untried lines, which proonised great
things, but which demanded great tact and the best judgment to carry
it through to the desired success. I am sure that no one ever regretted
this choice, and I am sure that this organization has met a serious loss
in the death of its very able President.

Mr. Brodbeck was a native ot Lawrenceburg, Ind., a little west of
Cincinnati, where he lived until he was married. His early home was
very precious to him, and he endeared himself thoroughly to all its
members. His married life was an extremely happy one, as he was a
very affectionate and devoted husband. This couple were not blessed
with any children, which misfortune, 1 am sure, they both deeply re-
gretted. They had, however, a very merry family, for they both were
great lovers ot dogs, and they had numerous dog pets, which seemed
almost like members of the household. I well remember when I
visited Mr. Brodbeck's apiary what a kind greeting I received from the
canine part of the community. Mr. Brodbeck's affection for the dogs
was most clearly apparent, and this feeling was fully shared by his
good wife, who survives her husband, and is now living in Los Ange-
les. The first years of their wedded lite were spent in Edinburg and
Indianapolis, Ind., where he first became interested in bees.

In 188" Mr. Brodbeck first came to Los Angeles, where he resided
until the time of his death. In the autumn of 1903 there were exten-
sive forest fires in the canyon where his apiaries were situated. Undue
exertion and exposure in trying to check these fires brought on an
attack of pneumonia in January of the following year, from the effects
of which he never recovered. His death occurred Feb. 6, 1905. He
said repeatedly that his mind was not set on the things of this world,
but that if it were God's will he wished he might recover that he
might do more good. An intimate friend remarks of him, that " the
greatest desire ot his lite was to help any one who might come in his
way, never expecting or wishing any reward for his labors."

I am sure I voice the sentiments of the entire bee-keeping brother-
hood of California, when I say that I feel that in the death of Brother
Brodbeck I have sustained an irreparable loss, and feel that another
attraction is added to the great Home towards which we are all hasten-
ing. A. J. Cook.

Los Angeles Co., Calif.

Amerikanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for SI. 75. Address
all orders to this office.

April 20, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

293

=\

(Dpinions -> of
Some (Sxpcrts

J

Amount of Comb Surface to Be Capped for Distant
Market

Qoes. 23 — What portion of the surface of a section comb shonht be
capped when packing fur distant marketsf

S. T. Pettit (Ont.)— All, or very nearly so.

Eugene Secob (Iowa)— At least 95 percent.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— All of it, it possible.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— All of it, in my judgment.

Jas. a. Stone (111.) — All capped for any market.

Arthub C. Millek (R. I.) — I do not ship honey.

L. Stachelhausen (Tex.) — The whole, if possible.

N. E. France (Wis.) — The more capped the better.

Mrs. .1. M. Ntol (Mo.)— Practically the whole of it.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— I should want it all capped.

P. H. Elwood (N. T.) — Practically all. If not all, put in lower
grade.

G. M. DoowTTLE (N. T.) — All but the cells bordering on the
section.

Wm. McEvot (Ont.)— All. Ship the very best, every time, to any
market.

Morgan Bros. (S. Dak.)— 99 percent; second grade honey, 85
percent.

3. A. Green (Colo.) — All of it, except possibly the row of cells
next the wood.

C. H. DiBBEBN (111.) — It should be all capped, unless it is a few
cells next the wood.

J. M. Hambauoh (Calif.) — The more capped over the better. The
less uncapped the better.

E. D. TowNSEND (Mich.) — All in Fancy and No. 1, from three-
fourths to nearly all in No. 3. Anything less is extracted.

E. S. L0VE8T (Utah) — The entire surface. It can hardly be
classed as first-class unless it is well filled and nicely capped.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.) — All but the next row or two of cells
adjacent to the wood. If all could be capped it would be still better.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.) — All of it. Every cell, if we expect to get
a fair price, and not have the combs mussed with leaking when they
arrive.

G. W. Dkmaree (Ky.) — The entire surface of the section should
be sealed, though a few open cells at the outer edges may be tolerated
without loss.

0. O. Poppleton (Fla.) — I have supposed that section combs
should always be all sealed when packed for any market, either near
by or distant.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — If I understand this aright, I should
answer, all of it. I would not ship section honey or comb honey that
was not wholly capped.

R. L. Taylor (Mich.) — Practically all of it. An occasional comb
might have to the amount of a square inch not capped if it has other
excellencies to counterbalance.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — The more the better. But if comb honey
is ripened as it should be before it is shipped, there will be no leakage
from any cells that may be unsealed.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.) — In general, all but the outside row, but the
rule should not be ironclad. Other points being good, a few other
cells open in a comb otherwise ^ne should not exclude it.

E. E. Hasty (Ohio)— All except the outer tier of cells; and better
have them filled, and capped, too. A very few empty or uncapped
cells need not disqualify except for the highest grade or grades.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.) — It may be that no unsealed cells at all
should be allowed, if that's the agreement; and an agreement might
be made for sections with one-fourth of the cells unsealed. Of course
the price should vary accordingly.

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward g'et them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

-V (£ontributcb -^
Special Clrticlcs

=\

The Bees Against Spraying Fruit-Trees
While in Bloom

BY GRANT STANLEY.

A PETITION.

To Solicit the Sympathy of all Fruit-Growers and Rural
People Everywhere, We, the Bees, Make this Our Most
Humble Petition :

We believe we know you much better than you think we
do— we know you much better than you know us. We play
a very important part in Nature's laws. Yes, we are afraid
much more than you care to take time to think. We have a
great mission in the poUenizing of fruit-bloom alone.

There is scarcely a fruit-grower or rural citizen that
does not understand the poUenization of fruit-bloom ; they
also know that the wind is a great agency in pollenizing
fruit, but, do you know, dear people, that if no wind is blow-
ing at all while the trees are in full bloom, the wind could
not be counted upon to do much distribution of pollen,
while the less wind there is the more we come forth to com-
plete this poUenization, not only making it thoroughly
effective, but at the same time gathering this otherwise
wasted sweetness for our little ones ?

The people who are acquainted with us most are our
best friends. A great many large fruit-growers keep many
colonies of us on their lands to pollenize their fruit. A
great many people do not like us on account of our sting.
Now you know that all living creatures are provided with
some weapon of defense, and if we were not provided with
the sting we would have become extinct centuries ago.

It is also our mission during our short stay here (and it
is short, only about 38 or 40 days during the honey season)
to gather this wasted sweetness for the benefit of mankind.
You know the Bible says, " Eat thou honey because it is
good." Where is the child that does not like honey, or, in
fact, the grown-up ? And well they may like it ; it is the
greatest sweet known to man, much superior to the best
sugar, from the fact that honey is a pre-digested food and
requires no work of the digestive organs before it can be
taken up by the body. , , , . ,j

In this age of adulteration the woman of the household,
if she be prudent, will see that our product graces her table.
Honey is used in large quantities for the compounding of
medicines ; it also has many other uses, and if honey were
used in pastry instead of so much sugar, we would hear less
cry about indigestion. .

We have a very sad tale to tell you, and a tale that is ot
great importance to you as well as to us. Thoughtless and
indifferent people are spraying their trees while in full
bloom, and few of you indeed know the injury inflicied
upon us as a result. Do you know that about the time of
fruit-bloom is a time when we can ill afford to lose any of
our family ? We have been quietly reposing in our homes
all winter, many having passed away, and now during
fruit-bloom we rush forth with our ambitions keyed to the
highest pitch in an effort to provide food for our babies and
replenish our stores consumed by our long repose. This
food is about all used to feed our little ones, which are com-
ing into this world of action by the thousands daily, and
consequently the food we get from fruit-bloom is of vital
importance in order to bring our colony up to a degree that
we can secure a surplus for you.

Fruit-growers and men who have investigated this
question thoroughly, now claim that it is very wrong to
spray fruit-trees while in full bloom, claiming that equally
as good if not better results can be obtained by spraying
the trees /«i/ be/ore the buds open and again when the petals
of the blossoms begin to drop, as by this time other flowers
have sprung forth and we have gone to visit them. Spray-
ing at this time will also be found most effective against
that greatest enemy of the apple — the codling-moth.

Some States have laws prohibiting the spraying of
fruit-trees while in full bloom, and the object of this letter,

294

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20, 1905.

dear people, is to appeal to all rural people to withhold their
spraying operations for the few days of fruit-bloom, and, in
return for this most humble favor, we assure you that we
will reciprocate it with an increased amount of honey,
health and happiness for you all. Lycoming Co., Pa.

#

Bees Crowding to the Super Center

BY S. T. PKTTIT.

ON page 616 (1904), Mr. Hasty writes :
"S. T. Pettit will think I'm queer, but I doubt if he can
abate much the imlination of bees to crowd into the center of a
super. Even if he puts a thin septum below and makes all the bees go
up front, rear and sides, I should doubt still. Bees don't seem to re-
gard a thin septum if it is entirely xurroimiled witJi lees. They know
where the center of things below is, and, as a matter of preference,
prefer to be exactly over it."

I want to say that I never used, nor suggested the use,
of thin septums, nor any other kind of septums for the use
as stated by Mr. Hasty. Those belong to the late Mr.
Golden. I use long wedges at the right time and condition
of the bees to enlarge the entrance, and also to cause many
of the bees to go up at the sides and toward the rear end of
the hive.

He says : " They know where the center of things be-
low is, and as a matter of preference prefer to be exactly
over it." There may be something in that, but experience
says not much. Mr. Editor, if ever a bee crawls into one of
your ears, it is not because it prefers to get nearer the cen-
ter of your cogitating machinery, although a fortuitous ob-
server might think so. It is suffering from the cold, outside
air, and crawls to get warm. In that case don't injure that
little pet, even if it does emulate the roaring of a train of
cars. Just go into a warm room and in a short time it will
be against a window-pane. You see it is not all preference
for the center of things, but very largely conditions that
govern.

Take a strong colony in a hive not too large. By some
means keep the super snug and warm, so that the tempera-
ture of the interior is right for comb-building ; and depend
upon it, in almost all cases in a good honey-flow, work will
begin nearly simultaneously in all parts of the super. They
don't seem to care much where the center is, if only the
heat is right day and night.

In this connection I want to say that many bees con-
gregate where the field-bees go up. If they go up at the
center, the center will be congested ; if they go up at the
sides, the congestion will be abated, and they will have
elbow-room to work — a very necessary condition for rapid
work. So there is much — very much — in having them go
up right ; and also in having them provided with properly
made dividers at the sides of the super. I think that Mr.
Hasty and I are not so very far apart, after all, for farther
on he says, " In cool weather there would be a gain in
throwing more warmth into the outside sections." Exactly
so, and as in almost all localities there is " cool weather"
two or more nights in every week of the year, the argument
is conclusive, that there would be a gain in conserving and
distributing the heat from the time of giving sections.

A divider like the Root fence, with two exceptions, will
give good results. First, the spaces between the slats
should be }{ inch ; and, second, they should be spaced 5/16
to }i inch from the super walls. In many cases the sections
will show ridges opposite the spaces, but I never had a cus-
tomer object to them on that account, nor would I.

Bees can not acquiesce, cluster and feel free and easy
in a space only ; 6 of an inch. They never make that kind

Honey as a Health-Food. — This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

of spaces for themselves ; they can not, in such cramped
quarters, glide into the contented comb-building mood ; nor
is there room for a cluster to keep up the necessary heat for
comb-building.

I can not conceive that it is fair and just to say that
such dividers are practically as good as those that are prop-
erly made and spaced. I prefer those with holes, but slatted
dividers, properly spaced, give good results. Here we are
again, right in front of the manufacturer's view-point.

Ontario, Canada.

#

Branch Houses and Bee-Supply Prices

BY F. GREINKR.

AT the Harrisburg (Pa.) meeting Mr. Selser should have
included several other bee-supply manufacturers who
also have established branch houses when he said the
Root Company have brought the bee-supply business to the
door of the bee-keeper, and that they are real benefactors
to the bee-keepers. Mr. S., however, conceded that the
establishment of such branch houses was costing the bee-
keepers some money, as it had raised prices on the supplies.
This is undoubtedly true, and we deplore it. It seems, as
far as the bee-keeper is concerned, all the branch houses
with their increased cost of supplies are superfluous.

Why can not the bee-keeper have sufficient forethought
and provide himself with supplies at an early date ? There
is no need of his waiting till sections and hives are wanted
before ordering. I have been in the bee-business about 30
years, and I have never been obliged to buy supplies during
the hurry of the season, and if all bee-keepers ordered
everything during the winter there would be no need of
branch houses and consequent higher prices.

Some years ago, toward the close of the honey season,
one of the Western manufacturers advertised " cheap sec-
tions." They were seconds, and the price asked was $2 00
per 1000. I laid in a supply for an emergency. I do not ex-
pect to make use of these sections until perchance one of
those extra-good honey seasons comes along when even
fence-posts will secrete honey ! There is not a great deal
of money tied up, and I need not worry that my supply of
sections will run out. If bee-keepers will watch the adver-
tisements in the bee-papers they may find equally good
chances.

DISINFECTION FOR INSPECTORS.

Great importance should be attached to what Dr. Hayes
said at the Harrisburg meeting in regard to sterilizing or
disinfecting the clothing of the operator after handling
foul-broody bees ; also disinfecting his tools, etc. He says
" the bacillus [and spores in particular] can be carried in
many ways heretofore not thought of." It is my opinion
that foul-brood inspectors should exercise a great deal of
care in this respect, and I should make a vigorous protest if
a foul-brood inspector, coming from a diseased yard, should
want to enter my premises until I was satisfied that his
clothing and tools used had been subjected to salicylic acid
fumes, or something similarly effective. I know others —
some having had the experience — who are fully as anxious
as I am in regard to the matter. It is a very serious matter,
my good friends and foul-brood inspectors, to be " pep-
pered " with the disease. Frank Benton claims to know
of foul-brood inspectors giving the disease to other yards.
Dr. Hayes says it may be carried under the finger-nails.

It is often stated that black brood first developed in
colonies imported into New York State from a Southern
State. If this is true, why is it the disease has not been
discovered so far in a State in the South ?

AMOUNT OF BEES IN A BABY NOCLEUS.

Mr. Pratt's statement in regard to queen-rearing, made
at the Harrisburg meeting, interested me greatly. He said :
" Twenty-five bees are a sufficient company for a queen in
a baby nucleus. Fifty bees will do better. More than a
teacupful is a decided disadvantage."

The above statements are made from the queen-breed-
er's standpoint, and in so far are undoubtedly true ; but
what does the queen say 7 It is not so clear to the honey-
producer and purchaser of queens why more than a teacup-
ful of bees should be disadvantageous. " Twenty-five bees
may do ; 50 do better; a teacupful perhaps still better."
And there seems to be the limit. I can not see the reason
why. I am net a professional queen-breeder.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

April 20, 190S.

THB AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

295

^

(£onr>ention
Procccbings

Worcester County (Mass.) Convention

J

Members and friends of the above Association dined
and met socially on an afternoon in February, and listened
to an address on diseases of bees by Mr. Arthur C. Miller,
of Rhode Island. The occasion brought together as many
people interested in the busy bee as had ever been congre-
gated in Worcester County.

At 2:30 o'clock Pres. Drake called the meeting to order,
and introduced A. A. Hixon as presiding officer. After re-
marks of welcome by Secretary Hixon, of the Worcester
Horticultural Society, O. B. Hadwen, a veteran horticultur-
ist, was introduced. He told of the bee being the first live
stock he kept on his farm, and of the profit and pleasure it
furnished, besides being of inexhaustible study in Nature.

Burton W. Potter, President of the Agricultural Society,
said he first kept a colony of bees for pleasure, and to get
honey for home consumption, but now he has an apiary of
S colonies at his farm. He thought the bee an indispensa-
ble factor to plant life and fruit-trees.

F. H. Farmer, President of the Massachusetts Apicul-
tural Society, and H. H. Jepson, also spoke of the work of
the bee and the bee-keepers.

Following these introductory remarks the speaker of
the afternoon, Arthur C. Miller, was introduced, and spoke
as follows on

DISEASES OF BEES

At the start I wish you to understand that the ailments
of bees are not of such a nature as to endanger humanity
through eating the honey or handling the bees.

Eminent authorities suspect that much that is written
of the diseases of bees is fanciful and most of the ailments
originate from want of cleanliness or want of food. Bee-
keepers are wont to consider their knowledge of the bee as
modern, whereas knowledge and practices differ but little
from those of two centuries ago. Valuable ideas of early
bee-keepers have, as well, been lost sight of.

Bee-ailments, as known to-day, may be divided into two
classes, those due to germs and those due to nutriment, but
the degree of malignancy of the former is often dependent
upon the bee's food.

Foul brood is the only germ disease positively known as
such. It attacks bee-brood and causes foul decomposition.
Black brood is by some supposed to be foul brood, modified
by some unknown cause. Pickled brood is another disease
of unknown origin. Paralysis attacks the adult bee, and
symptoms point to its being caused by bacteria. Aside
from foul brood, the diseases mentioned are not common.

Dysentery, which decimates bees in the spring, is
ascribed to no one knows how many causes. Tumefac-
tion of the antenns is of rare occurrence," and has been
noticed mostly in queens. The ends of the antenna; be-
come enlarged and turn yellow. This extends to the front
of the head, and the bee soon dies. Vertigo, whose symp-
tomsareadizzy manner of flying and irregular motions, fol-
lowed by lassitude and death, is another disease. It is as-
cribed to nectar from such plants as laurel, azaleas and
rhododendrons.

At varying times and places, what seem to be different
diseases, becomes epidemic, and whole districts become de-
populated of bees. Careful analyses of the conditions pre-
ceding and during bee-epidemics, point to food as being at
the bottom of the trouble. Hereditary impaired constitu-
tions are also a potent factor in inviting disease.

Until recent times it was the custom to destroy the
heaviest colonies for their honey. This destruction of the
strongest left the less vigorous to perpetuate the specitsi.
Evil results finally became so obvious as to arrest the a.Lcn-
tion of bee-keepers, and methods were devised to obtain
part of the honey without destruction of the bee, also of
taking the less populous colonies and saving the he vy
ones for stock. Next came an era of excessive and unv ise
manipulation, resulting in a great loss of bees.

I know of no practice that has been more productive of
harm than that of spreading the brood to increase tne
strength of colonies. Brood killed in this way furnish a hot-

bed for breeding disease-germs. The advent of the Italian
bee was hailed as a panacea for all ills in beedom. It did
infuse new life into the bee.

Now again bee-disease appears in all directions, and in
all degrees of malignancy. Have any of you noticed that
the spread of disease is coincident with the so-called cell-
cup system of queen-rearing ? Proper rearing and develop-
ment of queens is essential to well bees.

Faults along these lines we can overcome, but curing
illness well seated is not so easy. Treatment of any of the
diseases by drugs is difficult and uncertain. Success has
been obtained in eradicating foul brood by the use of izal.
Bee-paralysis has been controlled to some extent by the use
of flour sulphur. The first thing for us to do with any dis-
ease is to remove all unclean matter, give the bees clean,
dry quarters, sound stores and a healthy queen.

The McEvoy treatment of foul brood is to take the bees
from everything they had, and keep them from combs or
brood until their stomachs are presumably free from the
germ, then give them a chance to establish a new home.

Dysentery appears to be a germ disease, which is always
present, awaiting favorable conditions to develop. In hand-
ling bees we must avoid extremes of heat and cold, and do
not change the proportions of nurses to brood so that the lat-
ter are liable to suffer from want of food. With bees, as
with humanity, an ounce of prevention is worth several
pounds of cure. Arthur C. Millkr.

Following the talk by Mr. Miller, he was interrogated
upon various phases of bee-life, successes and failures of
bee-keepers.

Several of those present were enrolled as members of
the Society at the close of the meeting.

It was announced that plans were being made for at
least two summer field-days, when the bee in life could be
studied.

®ur> Sister
^ceKecpcrs

Conducted by Kmma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Light-SpFing Bingham Bee-Smoker

The head of this department hereby tenders thanks to Mr. T. F.
Bingham, the veteran smoker manufacturer, for one of his instruments
tliat he thinks will please on account of lightness of spring. •*■ jery
interesting departure from the ordinary is the manner in which the
nozzle IS put on. The usual way lor a detachable nozzle is for it to
telescope over the upper part of the fire-box. Instead of that, in the
present case, the telescoping is the other way— the nozzle is shoved
down a certain distance into the fire-box. The evident intention is to
avoid two objectionable things First, the loose fit and dropping off
of the nozzle; second, the loose fit that allows the smoke to escape be-
fore it reaches the point where it can do the most good. Whether it
accomplishes these purposes can only be told after it has been in use
long enough to have all the pretty, new look disappear, but it cer-
tainly looks hopeful.

Right here it may not be amiss to protest against the idea that a
light spring is a desideratum only in a woman's hands. Anything
more than sufficient stiffness to throw the bellows open and still allow
a sufficiently firm grasp to prevent the smoker from falling means
only a waste of strength. While a giant might handle with ease a
spring with twice the necessary stiffness, there is no sense in wasting
a giant's strength in that way.

A Swarm-Hiving Experience

Dear Miss WrLSON :— As we take the American Bee Journal, and
as I enjoy the Sisters' department, I will give my experience in hiving
my first swarm of bees.

I had often helped my husband with his bees, and was more ex-
cited than he was when a swarm came out. 1 had long wanted to
show my ability in hiving bees, and often thought I could have done
better than he did — and perhaps had said so.

My chance came one fine washday. My husband had gone away
from home. So, on looking toward the apiary, I saw the bees swarm-
ing. I quickly donned my bee-veil and gloves, and hastened out to
see from which hive they came. I was pleased to find that the
swarm had a clipped queen. Then my fear was not that the swarm
would leave, but that I might lose the queen.

I searched tor her, and finally found her at the corner of the hive.

I induced her to crawl into my hand, and carefully carried her to

> where the swarm had kindly (in consideration of me, of course) set-

296

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20, 190S.

tied on a low plum-bush. I let the queen crawl into the swarm, which
wae a fine, large one. I then got a hive and placed it on a stool-chair
which I had covered with a canvas.

I then arranged the frames against the sides, allowing the lower
part of the swarm to come between the frames. I gave the limb a
quick blow with an ax, and down they fell almost all into the hive,
and the rest on the canvas. I quickly placed the hive-canvas over the
seething mass, and to my delight saw those on the canvas soon
going toward the hive. With a weed I agitated them, and was glad to
to see almost all going into the hive. I gently lifted the frames in
place without removing the canvas, put the cover on, and my swarm
was hived.

So intent had I been with my work that my husband had re-
turned, slipped up, and had been a silent witness of my performance,
so when I finished and looked up there he was grinning at me from
behind the plum-bush. And said, " Bravo ! Well done !"

Well, in an hour my bees were workingasthough they had always
lived there. I was interested, and watched them a great deal.

We examined them in 10 days, and I was delighted to find such
lovely sheets of well-filled comb, but found no eggs or brood. In a
few days we looked again, but still no brood. Finally the bees began
to dwindle, and I decided they must have a new queen. The old
clipped queen was there all the time. How I disliked to take out the
mother of so fine a swarm and kill her! My husband decided to put
her in his observatory hive and kept her for some time.

We gave the bees a sheet of comb with brood and eggs from
which they reared a fine queen, built up, and went into winter quar-
ters in good condition.

My clipped queen never, to our knowledge, laid an egg after she
came forth with the swarm. She left the parent hive well-filled with
brood and eggs. She was one year old. Although small, she was
considered one of my best queens. What was wrong with her?

Saline Co., Kan. Mrs. F. G. B.

You succeeded very nicely with your first attempt at hiving a
swarm, but let me tell you of an easier way to hive it when it has a
clipped queen. When the swarm comes out find the queen and put
her in a queen-cage (which is well to have handy before the bees
swarm). Now remove the hive from which the swarm issued to a
new stand, and put in its place the new hive. Lay the caged queen
on the entrance of the hive where you wish the swarm to go, and then
all you have to do is to stand still and watch those bees come back of
their own accord and hive themselves.

When they have started crawling in nicely liberate the queen and
let her march in with the rest. That's all— easy, isn't it? But you
must not waste any time about it, or those bees may come back before
you are ready for them.

I am sure I don't know why that queen should stop laying unless
she was accidentally injured in some way during the swarming.

Using Honey from Hive Where Bees Died

The bees in one of my hives are all dead, but there are left 3
frames full of honey and 3 that are more than half full.

1. Do you think this honey will be all right to feed to any of the
other colonies, it they need it, or is there danger that something is
wrong with it?

2. I had them packed well, with cushions on top. The bees were
in one end of the hive. Do you think they were queenless, or were
they killed by the cold? I did not notice any bad odor coming from
the hive, and there did not seem to be anything wrong except that
they were dead, and the hive was a little damp.

Cumberland Co., N. J., March 8. Mrs. Sarah J. Griffith.

1. I would feed it to the others.

2. They may, and they may not, have been queenless. In any
case they were probably weak, and died of starvation, although there
was plenty of honey in the hive. Hiving used up all the honey within
reach, the continuous cold weather did not allow them to leave the
cluster to get a fresh supply.

ITiv. pasty's
Clfkvti}onq>l}ts

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

THE HONET-PRODUCERS' LEAGUE AND COMB-HONET GUARANTEE.

As to the League, and the exceedingly important matter presented
on page 259, I am not nearly ready to say all I think about it. On
one particular point I can say what I think. Don't, please don't,
raise the guarantee higher than a thousand dollars. The public have
more sense than you give them credit for, brethren. They have been
dazed and bored, and fairly forced, into a safe and sane conclusion bv
the myriad offers in the press of SoO, and $500, and SIOOO, and $10,000—
big money for something and everything and nothing— great sums for
solving little puzzles so childishly simple that one could hardly help
solving them if he tried. The safe refuge of conclusion has beeo
reached that business does not consist in giving away money, and that

all such offers are deceptive — pure bluff it may be — prearranged it
may be— at the very least with some invisible string attached to them.
All folks with an atom of sense incline to pay no more heed to ihenr
than they do to the fat pocket-book that lies so temptingly on the walk
April Fool's Day. To illustrate what I mean, let me ask this ques-
tion: Why not offer a »iiWo« dollars? You reply. That would defeat
itself; because each man would laugh and say, "These people haven't
got a million dollars, and they are making no arrangements to raise
it." Well, just as little should we be making any arrangements to-
raise the $10,000 ; and (oiks would conclude so. The child's, " Bet
you five thousand million dollars," does not secure any assurance.
And when the quack doctor offers $10,000 for a case which his remedy
will not cure, few people hustle to get the money — in spite of the fact
that they k)ww that there are multitudes of incurable cases in the
world. Let's not imitate the quack doctor. The guarantees that have
have been offered in the past have silenced many people ; but probably
three-quarters of them have not been fully convinced — still inwardly
believed that comb honey was being manufactured — and also that it
would be foolishness to spend time and dollars in the effort to get that
money.

What then? Either let the guarantee business rest just where it
is, or raise the sum and put it up in some bank window where the
incredulous can be sent to look at it. Buy a tirst-class, interest-bear-
ing, thousand dollar bond. Fully explain the whole sad matter to
some friendly State governor, and ask him to act as holder of the
bond, and to keep it deposited in the bank that will give it show-room.
Appoint three reliable men, only one of whom shall be a bee-keeper,
to act as awarding committee. Then we should have things in shape
so we could say, " Tell you right where you can see a thousand dollars
that you can have by proving what you have just been saying.''

FASTENING FOUNDATION TO SECTION'S FOUR SIDES.

H. G. Sibbald, of -the Ontarios, seems to succeed in fastening foun-
dation to all four sides of a section. It doesn't bulge for him, w&
should infer, as bulged honey would hardly take first prizes. Page 146.

GUARDING AGAINST INFECTION OF BEE-DISEASES.

Prof. Harrison, of the Ontario Agricultural College, is one of
those who encourages the minimum amount of care in guarding
against the infection of bee-diseases. Even says that diseased bees,
when visiting flowers, miy leave infection there which healthy bees
may subsequently take. He also asserts that disease is sometimes
carried by foundation. Naturally he is not caught in the absurdity of
asking the apiculturist to disinfect his hands — and never mind disin-
fecting the hive, which has had foul-broody bees running over its walls
for months; and more or less daubed with foul-broody honey at that.
Page 14".

SINGLE vs. DOUBLE BROOD-CHAMBER COLONT.

A. E. Hoshal says a single broob-chamber colony (Heddon) will
give as much honey as a double brood-chamber colony in a short sea-
son. Wonder how he figures that out (providing it's so). Some of
us would say that strong colonies would have more advantage in short
flows than in long ones. Also, I should protest his don't care if old
bees are killed in uniting. Looks to me like a disgrace which a littlo
more care and '• gumption " would avoid. Page 149.

=\

Doctor irtiller's
Question = Sox

Send Questions either to the oflfice of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does ?Mt answer Questions by mail.

=/

Management In Swarming

If when a colony casts its prime swarm I deprive it of its clipped
queen as she emerges from the hive, and 7 days later destroy all queen-
cells excpt one, will such colony be likely to swarm again, and would
such management be practical? Missouri.

Answer.- It may work all right if you don't miss any cells. A
variation of the plan would be to wait till you hear the young queen
piping in the evening, and then cut out all cells next morning. You
would be a little surer of a good queen in this latter way, for it might
happen that by the first way you would leave a cell containing a dead
larva; for dead larvw are sometimes found in cells that look all right.

Bees In the Attic— Inbreeding

I have my bees in the attic facing east, and it is so arranged
that the temperature can be controlled during the winter months.
During our most severe weather the past winter it has not been below
33 degrees, and never above 40, unless the weather out-of-doors was
warm enough for them to have a Sight.

1. What would be the best temperature and cause them to con-
sume the least amount of stores, with the hive-entrances open to the
weather at all times as they are now?

2. Would the; consume less stores and winter more satisfactorily

April 20, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

297

if the hives were put in the center of the bee-room, and the room
darkened as in cellar-wintering '

3. Could I buy one Italian queen and rear queens from this one to
Italianize the rest?

i. There would be no drones to fertilize my queens except drum s
from the same queen or mother as themselves. Does this inbreeding
of bees amount to anything? Isn't it a detriment to the future gen-
erations? I have never seen anything on the subject.

New York.

Answers. — 1. About -to degrees, but there is a good deal of varia-
tion in thermometers.

2. I think not.

3. Yes.

4. Inbreeding is not desirable, but in this case there would not le

much chance for it.

♦-♦-»

Preventinz Robber-Bees

I have noticed that there are strange bees robbing mine of honey.
How can I prevent this? Illinois.

Answer.— The chief thing is to help them to help themselves by
keeping them strong and by avoiding things that will tempt robbers
to start at their work. A queenless colony is a fair mark for robbers.
Break it up and distribute bees and brood among other colonies. Keep
the entrances of weaker colonies so small that the bees can easily guard
them. Don't allow brood-combs or combs of honey to stand exposed
to tempt robbers. Don't open hives at a time when robber-bees are
troublesome. If for any reason you must open a hive at such times,
do it in the evening after flying has ceased.

Feeding " Cider " Honey from Hive in Wtiicb Bees Died

I find upon examining my hives this spring that 5 colonies have
died, the frames being all filled with sealed honey except the brood-
nest, which they filled late last fall with sweet cider, and the lider
soured and killed the bees.

Will it be safe to give those frames to other colonies as they are,
containing honey and sour hone; not sealed, but no bad odor?

Washinoton.

Answer. — Perfectly safe to give to the bees after they are flying
daily, to be used up in rearing brood. Only look out that it does not
go into surplus, and that it is not left for next winter's stores.

Stimulative Feeding— Transferring Bees

1. Would uncapping a little comb every day be as good for stimu-
lative feeding as syrup made from granulated sugar? There is plenty
of honey in the hive, and I want the bees to build up so that they will
be booming when the honey-flow comes on.

2. I want to transfer the bees into a dovetailed hive. When is the
best time to do it? New York.

Answers. — 1. Yes, and very likely you may save yourself so much
trouble. Every 2 or 3 days may do as well as every day. If the
queen is laying all the eggs the bees can cover, it is hardly worth
while to take even that trouble, for stimulating can hardly help, unless
it be that it gets up extra heat in the hive.

2. In'fruit-bloom is a good time, but it is perhaps better to wait
till the bees swarm, then hive the swarm in the new hive, and 21 days
later break up the old hive. In case they fail to swarm, you can then
transfer when other bees are swarming.

Cover for Brood-Frames— Breeding Queens

1. What arrangement of quilts, enameled cloth, etc., do you pre-
fer between the brood-frames and cover?

2. Will a queen breed better drones when two or three full years
of age than when one year old?

3. It is commonly recommended to breed from the queen whose
bees gathered the most honey the preceding year. Such a queen is
supposed to be a full year old ; or, as we commonly say, in the second
year. In your experience, are the best queens bred from a queen in
her third season if she has been worked to her full capacity the two
preceding seasons?

4. Do you think the best queens are the daughters of best queens ;
or, as often is the case in breeding poultry, is not the prize animal or
insect obtained by crossing extremes? In other words, should we
breed by records or by characteristics? Great vigor, with high inieUi-
gence, for example.

5. If the best queens come from the best mothers, why don't we
have more of them? Michigan.

Answers.— 1. Between my top-bars and hive cover there is u.y.h-
ing in the world except about a fourth of an inch of air.

2. 1 don't think she will. The idea probably comes from think-
ing that a young heifer will not "have so good a calf as whenukiir;
but remember that a queen is not young in her first year; tbi lust
year is a third or a half of her active life.

3. I don't know for certain much about it; but I doubt thai it
makes much difference whether a queen is a month old or sevi i u!
years old, so far as her queen progeny is concerned. Of course, oiv i-
QOt likely to breed from a queen until she has had a full seas .is

work to show what she can do, and if her record was all right I
wouldn't object to using her if several years old.

4. As a common, every-day bee-keeper, and not a scientist, the
only way I have to judge of the characteristics of a queen is by her
record, and the one that gives the most honey has for me the best
characteristics. The question of crossing is a separate affair, and
there is no doubt that very important results may be obtained by the
right kind of crossing in bees as well as other animals.

5. I don' t think that I can tell ; but I think I can give one reason
The best queens, as a rule, are little given to swarming, and vice
versa. Here's a queen that sticks to her knitting, never swarms, and
is superseded when three or four years old. It is easy to see that left
to herself she will give only the one royal descendant, while another
queen that runs to swarming rather than gathering will in the same
number of years leave 30 or more.

Moving Bees in the Spring

I desire to establish an out-apiary, but bee-keepers tell me that it
IS too late now to move the bees, as many fleld-bees would get lost, be-
cause they would fly straight from the hive, as they were in the habit
of doing on the old place, and would not find the way back U) their
new location.

Do you really think that it would be objectionable to move bees
after they have started to gather considerable honey and pollen? I
have to move some of the bees about 4 or 5 miles, and others only
about Ji of a mile. How about the last distance? Texas.

Answer. — Without special precaution, a colony of bees, at a time
when they are gathering, if gently moved only a few rods, may be
safely counted to be depleted of all field-bees, which, upon returning
from the field, will return straight to the spot where stood the old
home. If moved a half mile, not so many will return to the old spot,
and practically none if moved a mile or more. How many would re-
turn of those moved -.i of a mile would depend somewhat upon cif-
cumstances. If, after removal to their new quarters, they should
strike upon forage ground with which they were already familiar,
they might return from it to the old spot. But the jolting and jarring
of the trip will help to make them mark the new spot when the en-
trances are opened, and you might help matters by blowing in a little
smoke and pounding on the hive just before opening. Mr. Scholl, in
Gleanings, reports entire success in moving 50 colonies 100 rods in the
following manner:

Before bees fiy in the morning close entrance with moss or green
grass, and move to new location. Open entrances next day, or else kt
the bees gnaw their way out themselves. If very warm, a piece of
section under cover may afford ventilation. When Mr. SchoU's Ipees
were moved it was pretty cool, and even with the cover slightly raised
it might be well to look out for suffocation.

Feeding Bees— Putting on Supers

1. How much sugar-water shall I feed my bees this spring?
" They can drink a pint of it in 3 hours."

2. When shall I stop feeding them?

3. When can I put on the first super?

Answers. — 1. Not so much as you are likely to think advisable.
If they have plenty of stores, it may not be best to feed any. If lack-
ing in stores, feed till they have abundance. It is not well to feed on
days when they can get plenty from the fields, nor on days so cool
that the bees could fiy out and be chilled.

2. The preceding answer will decide that.

3. When you see white wax along the top-bars and upper parts of
combs: or, as you are in a white clover region, anytime within a week
after you see the first clover blossom.

Prevention of Swarming

Suppose hives Nos. 1 and 2 were to cast swarms only 2 or 3 days
apart, and be hived on three frames of brood which are taken from
the parent colony, the remaining 7 frames containing half sheets of
foundation ; now if one does not want much increase how would it do
to cut out all queen-cells except one, iu one of the old hives, and then
unite the two old colonies by placing a few sheets of newspaper
between the two old hives.

By this plan one would have three colonies instead of 4, but the
main thing would be that he woiUd get lots of honey from this united
colony, as it would be plenty strong enough to take hold of a flow,
when if you had the two old colonies separated you would have no
honey stored for some time.

We have tried this plan twice so far this year, and it has succeeded
very well, so we are going to try it still further.

When brood is hatched in the upper story we use the combs to-
hive swarms on.

Now when these united colonies get strong, and want to swarm,
we will be no worse off than before, for we can keep doubling up.

Louisiana.

Answer. — Your plan of doublinj brood is good. In some places
there would be danger that colonies would swarm again if hived on as
much as 3 frames of brood. If they don't with you it's all right, for
the "more brood a swarm can have the better, provided it doesn't

298

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20, 190S.

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices.

Root's Smokers and Extractors, Daiant's Coml] Foundation, Bingliam Smokers

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
■bee-hive. Hives (it entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freight paid to your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
eacli year into every Stale east of the Rocky Mountains ; let us ship to ypu.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order if You say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

E.w^i!$i.IodiaDap»iis,In(l.

Please mention Bee Joumat when ■writinE

I Orders 5ent Now |

^ Will receive prompt attention. You avoid possible ^

$ loss by having- your SUPPLIES ready when you ^;

$ need them. ^

^ We save you one-fourth on the price, for the $

same

quality.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

•^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^;

^/(\ff\ i\\ rn m f\\ 'n w m n\ tt\ ii\ m fix fi\fii\fii\fii\fii\fii\fii\fifXfMV^\^

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aptcultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR Bis

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts To many times
the costof Lambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and profit made by-
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eg^s or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 cz.. by express. Sl.'JU.

O. K. STOCK FOOn CO..

D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bldff., Chlcuico, 111.

MaMMurersof BBB'KBGPCrS uliPPllBS

Lov^est Prices and Highest Quality. Our New Cata-
log just out. Write for it. Compare prices with others.
15 years' experience. Not in the Combination. Modern
Machinery. Sections and Shipping-Cases by the car-load.
Prompt shipments. Hives, Extractors, Feeders, and all
Supplies used by bee-keepers. All goods guaranteed as
per Catalog MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

14Atf Please mention Bee Joomal waen wTitinc.

(Sxpertences

Bees Wintered Well

Bees in the cellar are perfectly quiet. They
had no midwinter flight.

F. Gbeiker.
Ontario Co., N. Y., March 22.

Heavy Rains and Washouts

The rain is pouring down, and has been
doing so almost constantly for a week. There
have been a good many washouts. We are
expecting a good season, but I thinl£ bees
will be scarce, as I have seen many apiaries
where they are all gone. J. Holt.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., March 16.

Do Bees Freeze or Starve?

I think I have demonstrated, the present
wiDter, that bees do not freeze to death. I
had one colony in a Danzenbaker hive, very
light, probably containing less than a pint of
bees, and not expecting them to winter, I did
not pack them on the summer stand. But
disliking to see anything starve I gave them a
well-filled frame of honey, from a strong
colony. And they appear to have wintered
as well as strong colonies well packed for
wintering on summer stands. So I conclude
that if this little bunch of bees could survive
the zero weather we have had this winter,
they do not freeze.

This agrees with the experience I had over
50 years ago, when I wintered bees under a
shed facing east, without any further protec-

PRAIRIE STATE

INCUBATORSANDBROODERS

actnowlcil;::erl by experts to be the
most pnTltiilile nmotiines made.
' Winners of 38.J thirst Prizes. Write
for free cntalot; with proof and val-
uable Infitrmjition for beplnners,

Prairie State Incubator Co.
Boxjr. , Homer City, Pa.

^ March 1st to AprillSth

2 percent Discount.

D Tetailfd Hives from Mtchig-.io White Pine,
1 $1.25 each, ll>^slorj lor comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

lOAtf LANSING, MICH.

iPIease mentLon Bae J oamai ^rn an -vrritliiflt

FOR SALE

The apiary of the late Charles B Achard, is
for sale in Roselle, Da Page Co., 111. It con-
tains 11 colonies, 30 complete Danzenbaker
bives (15 of them unnsed), tools, sections, fonn-
dation, etc. Inquire of

MISS A. M. ACHARD, Roselle, III.

13A6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

QUEENS~

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease for
—Untested Queens, early in May, 75 cts.; 2-
frame Nucleus, with C?aeen, $2.25. Eight years'
experience.

Chesley Presswood,

Mcdonald, Bradley Co., TENN.
14A4t-lSB2t Please meatioa the Bee Jonrnal.

April 20, 1905.

THE AMERICA ! BEE JOURNAL.

299

tion, and scarcely ever lost a colony from any
cause.

I remember among my first colonies was
one with the date 1847 cut in the hive, and a
few years subsequent to this date, I built an
ell on the north end of the bee-shed, 4x6 feet,
fully enclosed. In order to prevent swarm-
ing, I put four colonies in this little room,
and they developed into strong colonies, and
utilized the room outside their hives, to such
an extent tbat'I took out combs well filled,
over 3 feet in length.

My bees seem to be all right so far, 30 colo-
nies in number, from 3 three years ago, but I
lost several a year ago this winter. They did
poorly last season. Jesse Green.

La Salle Co., 111., March 10.

Is Bee-Paralysis Hereditary?

If I am not mistaken Nels Christensen con-
dems my article on bee-paralysis. Isn't it a
fair indication that bee-paralysis is a hered-
itary disease when a queen's progeny has it
and all of her daughter's progeny are also
affected with it?

I had many, other colonies in the yard at
the same time, and not one of those were
affected.

Now, do not get an idea that I think I know
all about the disease, for I do not think so.
If any one has had any experience with the

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Fere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freiglit. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

ISAU'. FREMONT, MICH.

Please mention Bee Jonmai 'wnan 'wntUft

SEND TO
JOHN W. PHARR
L v» .««>Mvw>,w Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1; Untested. 75c; 5 for S3.35; 10 for
$6 ; 15 for ?8.25 ; 25 for $12.50 ; 100 for S45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 31.) 6Atf

t^ease msauon ae« jonroaj wuea •wrttloe

For Queens

tfl sjrea.C Tj o% g mojj (jsbj pny

= jno oo aaAa^i i

a

P«t'<l 1878, 'Hi, '113 i: laus tn

r- ^: ^Otisville, P.\., Jan. 18, 1904.
nOear Mr:— I have iried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3-in tbe last 3 years. In short
if I want an T more smokers your new style is
good enooETb for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
dnced me to get mine. Frbd Fodhbk,

We would like to talk to you just
a few seconds on the value of the
1 telephone to the farmer. Possibly
I you know its worth already, but
would like to know more about the
right kind to buy. If j-ou buy a

Stromber^-Carlson
Telephone

you can't go wrong. TVe have just
published a book of meaty telephone in-
formation for the man that wants to
know ALL about telephones. It's free. Ask
for book F- 80, ' 'Telephone Facts for Farmers. " '

,H. T.
,ILt.

Pat
Your
'Ear ToJ
Our
PhonCi

Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Mfg. Co., 'Vm^\

iPlease mention Bee ^onm&l -wnen WTlllo*

One-riece Sections

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBIfl MFG. GO,

ANTIGO,
WIS.

ISAtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

H'ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low

Jn price. Fully ^aranteed. 11 U Ssod
Send for free catalogue. i fg^

BANTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, IHDIANA. FrMCatalog '

lO CENTS A YEAR.

MAGAZINK, largest,
brightest and finest
Illustrated Maga-
zine in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce It ONLY.
It Is bright and up-
'o-date. Tells all about Southern Home Life,
t is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
mildings and famous people. Send at once.
Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ida and Mexico. Six years, 50c. Or, clubs of
6 names, SOc; 12for$l. Send us a club. Money
back if not delighted. Stamps taken. Cut this
out. Send to-day. THE DIXIE HOME.
:^»A48t No. 75. Blrmlngbam, Alabama.

THe
Dixie Home

FOR A FIFTY EGG INCUBATOR

The "Cycle" Hatcher is the perfected result of the latest discover-
ies in iirtifloial Incubation— "A Wonder of the 20th Century. ' The
CYCLE HATCHER duplicates the natural hatching of the hen.
.Made from metal it never warjis. swells, craclisor shrinlis— results
always the same. Free Catalog explains the advaiitases of the
iiii'tal cnustruction. Cycle Hatcher Co.. Boa: 22», Salem, J«. Y.

Bee-SuDPlies!

Discount for Earlij Orders

We carry a large stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE at once for CATALOG

AQENCIES.-Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,NeD.: Shngart & Onren, Council Blnffs.Iowa;
Fulton & Ford. Garden City, Kan.; I. H Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W Houston St., Sau Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

N0RRI8 & ANSPAGH
LEWIS' GOODS IN KENTON, OHIO

We handle a most complete line of G. B. Lewis
Co's goods at their rp.ular factory prices. Dove-
tailed HIVES, SECTIONS (all kinds),
SMOKERS, VEILS— In fact everything for
the Dee-keeper. Sem! locents for B-Pranks,
an amusing and instructive little pamphlet, or,
it will be sent free fir the names and addresses
of 6 bee keepers.

Lewis Makes the Finest Supplies —
We fell Them.

Wholesale and RetHll. Send for CaUlog.
13Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

HONEY-JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross in case complete,
in S-gross lots, $1.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 i. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

300

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20 1905

real bee-paraljsis, 'I would like to hear it, but
I do not want some one to come in saying he
doesn't know anything about the disease, and
at the same time condemn an article on it.
In fact, I don't see how he can, when he
doesn't know anything about it himself.

Frank Stoflet.
Wood Co., Wis., March 3.

Making: Nuclei Under Difficulties

Last season I lost some bees in making
nuclei. I made about 6 of them one day,
giving each about 3 frames of brood and 1
frame of honey. I stuffed the entrance with
grass and left them for 2 days. When I came

>^^^^ ^ ^^^.

i
i
i
i

i
*
4
i
i
i
i
i

i

STANDARD

Poultry AND

f^ffcfk SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

griggsTbros,

521 Monroe Street,
T01jE3D0, OHIO.

Place Your Orders New.

ITALIAN OlEENS

EITHER GOLDEN OR HORET QUEERS

Our Goldens will come np to any other Golden
Strain. Our Honey Queens are what some term
" Red Clover Queens." We always call them
Hooey Queens.

Before July 1. 1 6 12

Untested 11.00 $5.00 $9.00

Warranted Tested 1.2S 7.00 13.00

Tested l.£0

Select Tested 2.C0

Breeders from $5 up. 1 6 12

2frame Nucleus (no Queen). 2.50 14.00 25.U0

When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
price of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfacUon is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation. We
book orders for next season. Safe arrival guar-
anteed of all stock. We ask a trial order.

D. J. BLOCHER pearl^city.

t(-TJ^ Do not send personal checks unless you
add 10 cents for collection, 16Etf

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

"We are now able to qu<.te lower prices than ever
before HiRhest quality Kuaranteed. Wehandlethe
G. B. Lewis Co'8 iioDds. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives. Send lor my 8H-page CatalOK, and
leaflet for beginners. They are free.

44Bt( W. J. Mccarty, Brnmetsburc, Iowa.

=GRAPE VINES

eBTnrletlM. A1ih» Small Fru'lts, Trees, Arc Best root-
ed stock. Qeaulne, chuap. 2 sample vines mailed for lOc.
Deecrlptlve prlce-Ilat iree. LEWIS ROESCH, FREDOMIA.M.Y,

If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " W

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods aiRoot's Prices

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

it?

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every
shipment, if you will mention it when ordering-, telling where you saw
the offer. -jte-jte-

WALTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

QUEENS

ppro A big stock ready to
DCCO GO NOW

We wish to say that we are now loaded with a big stock of Fine Bees and Queens

ready to mail now ; no delay ; send for what you need at once.

We breed the 3 and 5 banded Italians, Cyprians, Carnlolans, Holy Lands, and Albinos,
in their purity, in separate yards from 5 to 30 miles apart.

Tested queens, $1.25 each ; Breeders, $3 to $5 each. Untested, from either race, 75 cts. ;
6 for $4, or $7.50 per dozen.

Full colonies, 1, 2 and 3 frame Nuclei cheaper than you ever bought good stock for be-
fore. No better to be had. Write for price-list FREE.

Safe arrival and perfect satisfaction guaranteed or your money returned. Prices of
Queens to dealers, or in large lots on application.

We can sell you BEE-HIVES of yellow pine at about half the cost of white pine goods.
Get our prices before you buy.

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,

W. Atchley, M^r.
l4Atf BBBVILiIjB, BEE3 CO., THJ2CA.S.

Please mention Bee Joorpal -when wrltme.

Important to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of goods you want.
They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-d»y for 1905 catalog.

j JOSEPH NYSEWANDERsT5''/J'6Tw^% St Des Moines, Iowa

" 3^ St— 14 Est

0 Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Prlce-List. S

I ourHI^V'ES AMD SEOTIOKTS ^
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFQ, CO., New London,Wis. u.s a |

Please Mention the American Bee Jonrnal l^lmm

AprU 02, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

301

u

DADANT'S IWIiDATION"

IT EXIOEIjS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

mis^

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

###^

Beeswax Wanted at all Times,

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
ouickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At KNOXVILLE, TENN.

tW^.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.
Please mention See Jonmal -when •writing.

GoidenQyeensandBees

Ready June 1. Hustlers for honej; very gen-
tle, non-swarming^. Price-Hst now ready— also
an 8-page leaflet on queen-rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee Jottmal when ipsmtlnt

3 I O-BO Fsr
I ^ 200 Egg
•INCUBATOR

Perfect In constmctloo K&d
action. li&tches every fertile
egg. Writ* for catalog to-daj

GEO. H, STAML, Quincy,

Flease xnentioxi Bee Journal "wnen ■WTiUnp,

Tested Queens by Return Mail,
— $1.00Each-^

We have a larg^e number of Choice Tested
Queens, reared last September and October, and
wintered in 4 frame nuclei; these queens are
vigorous and prolific, and of our fine strain of
Three Band Italians. Just the queens to build
op weak colonies. Try them. Send for circular.

,,, ^ J. W. K. SHAW 4 CO.

13A.U LoKEALViLLE, Iberia Par., La.

back to looli at them I found that the most of
the nuclei had smothered and the frames were
broken down. The thermometer was 90 de-
grees at the time.

But I didn't get discouraged. I gave the
nuclei more bees and queen-cells, but didn't
bother alMut stopping the entrances. In
some of the nuclei the bees left to such an
extent that there were not enough to start
the queen to laying.

After I got the first batch of queens out I
gave more cells from other colonies, and more
trouble followed. None of these queens were
any good, so I gave them more queen-cells in
queen-cages, but only onej hatched, and it
died soon after.

The mistake il made was in giving queen-
cells to nuclei that already had queens.
However, the bees have paid for themselves,
so I may do better another year.

W. GONOR.

Manitoba, Canada, March 1.

Wintering Bees

I have kept bees for five years, but with
the farm and stoclf work I did not give them
the care they ought to have had and the con-
sequence is I lost !'• out of 8 from the severe
cold; they had an abiiadance of stores. I did
not have regular hives, just box-hives which
I made. I wintered them on the summer
stands but believe they are like poultry, if
you want them to thrive and be ready for
business when spring opens you must give
them comfortable winter quarters. I am in a
pretty good location, near the timber where
there is plenty of enrly flowers; then white
clover, then basswoi, 1. 1 think my family is
he^,lthier since we had plenty of honey to use.
David Haynes.

Queens Hatching — Piping Heard
Before Swarms Issue

I have a neit'hbor who is a bee-keeper, and
claims to be an expert. He came to my home
to give me some pointers" on bees, and

ITALIAN-

BeeSfQueens audNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $1.10

One tested queen 1.65

One select tested queen.. 2.20

One breeding queen 3.30

One comb nucleus (no
queen) 1.80

Untested ready in May ; all
others ready now from last
season's rearing.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. L. SXROI^C
ao4 Bast Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
l4Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

DAVENPORT,

IOWA.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

G. B. Lewis Co's B-WARE,
Dadant's Foundation.

We can serve you quick and save you
freight and e.xpress charges. Send us
your BEESWAX In exchange for other
goods. Send for our Catalog.
^ LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS. ^

Wb 8bll Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bb;,l Branch, Watne Co., MicH

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

302

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20. 1905.

part of the time was taken in showing me how
to start a nucleus with 2 brood-frames, a
queen-cell and bees. He explained that the
queen would hatch out 3 days after the cell
was sealed. That was more than I could
stand, so I went for him. But he stuck to it,
and would not give in. I think he was some-
what mixed.

In the issue of Feb. 9 we read, " When you
put your ear to the hive the evening before a
second swarm issued, did you hear more than
one queen piping?'' I have heard queens
piping time and again, and have always heard
2. The morning before the swarm issued I
have opened the hive, and found 2 queens, one
in each side of the hive. Later in the day a
swarm would issue, and there would be a
queen in the cluster, and one in the hive.
Sometimes I would tind one or two running
in from of the hive on the ground.

Nels Christensen.

Crow Wing Co., Minn., March 9.

Very Severe Winter

The past winter was very severe in Wiscon-
sin, much more so than the previous one.
Colonies went into winter quarters strong in
bees and honey, as we had the best honey flow
in years last fall.

We started the season with 188 colonies.
About 20 were very light, and did but little
except build up. We took off 14,000 pounds,
mostly extracted, about one ton of which
was fall honey (amber). We were greatly
troubled, early and late, with honey-dew.
The bees got some of it in the brood-cham-
bers, and went into winter quarters with it,
and it is causing us a little trouble.

Bees that wintered outdoors had a good
flight Dec. 24. After that for 2 solid months
the thermometer was below 34 degrees above
zero — 6 days it was at zero, 12 days 8 below,
4 days 10 below, 5 days 2 below, 5 days 28
below, 2 days 34 below, and the rest of the
time from Dec. 24 to Feb. 25 It ranged from
zero to 34 above.

We have had over 3 feet of snow in the
woods at one time. It is over half gone now.
We all think the clover is all right at present,
and know that the ground is full of water to
the depth of 0 feet. L. G. Blair.

Grant Co., Wis., March 13.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.

Try Taylor's 3 banded leather-colored and S-
banded Golden Queens— the best honey-gather-
erers in America. Untested, 75c each, or t8 per
dozen; tested, $1, or ?10 per dozen; select tested,
$1.50 each; breeders, the best, $3 each. I have
been breeding queens fcr 17 years, and I know
what a good queen is. No small queens sent
ont. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

Send for Catalog.

Leahu MtQ. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2A16t Please mentioa the Bee Journal.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one piece Sections, Comb Foundation,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living- prices. Bees and Queens for sale
in season. A. W. S\VA\ * CO., Centralia. Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Enyart's Comb-Foundation Gauge

Gauges l.s different shapes of starters. Easy
to cut IW starters per minute. Illustrated cir-
cular free. J. E. ENYART & SON,

16A4t Mc Fall, Mo.

Please mention I3ee joumail "^xrlien 'wiitlos

\\^A^nrpr\ Manof is years' experieace
» ' *»1^ 1 LrfL/ wants position as apiarist.
Would take charge of an apiary on shares also.
My method uf handling- bees is perfect, and can
make my own hives Address,
16A2t HARRY CONLEY, CorniiiK, Ark.

Please mentloti Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters for

LEWIS' GOODS i CHICAGO.

Best and Most Direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Aend, Manager.

Having decided to add Bee-Keepers' Supplies to our
honey-business, we have arranged with the well-known
Q. B. LEWIS CO. to handle their full line of Popular
Beeware in Chicago. We will sell at their regular prices.

Catalog- and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Goods
at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders to the

YORK HONEY I'^^^lT CO.

(Not incorporated— Snccessors to The York Honey Co.)

M. M. ARND, Mgr, 141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

J^" Beeswax 2So cash, or 30e when taking Bee-Supplies in excliange — delivered here.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections |

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers. A

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES — i

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog. JA

THE riARSHFIELD flANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis. &

d\iimr% Founflaiion is m bbsi

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working- Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Mention the American Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

April 20, 190S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

303

B66§UPPH6S

Guaranteed Sup6riorltii !

L0W6SVfrlC6§

We have been making Bee-
tllves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illdstrateb .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The AmericanBee Keeper

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

New York.— The aanuat springr meetiop of
the Fultod and Montgomery counties Bee-
Keepers' Society will be held in Amsterdam,
N. Y., at the Central Hotel, on Tuesday, May 2,
IWS, at 10 o'clock a.m. All are invited.

West Galway. N. Y. T. I. Dugdalk, Sec.

Many Claim Jerseys
Superior

to every other milkini< and butter-making
breed. Wby? It will be thorougbly argued
and questions answered in Blooded Stock for
April. Mr. S. E. Nivin, Landenburg. Pa.,and
C. 1. Hood. Lowell. Mass., are of international
reputation and head the list of contributors.

Blooded Stock

will devote nearly every column in April to
this fascinating subject. It will teach its
readers how to handle Jerseys to get highest
percentages of cream and milk. You must
subscribe! 2fic a year.

May Blooded Stock will be given over to
Poland-China Swine. Send for free sample
coi>v and han(isome booklet. Do it now.
BLOOUEU STOCK, BOX 831. 0S.FORD, PA.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South WATER ST. Chicago. III.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOE 1905 HOW 01 ElID.
FSEICBT BITES FEOH CIICIlllllTI lEE THE lOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW eOES THROUGH OINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

t^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, April 7.— The market has cleaaed
up quite well on comb honey. Choice white
comb is selling at 12'' 13c, and the off parades
are also moving freely at 9@10c. Extracted is
not sharinK* in this movement and prices are
weak at 6@7c for white and 5@6c for dark ac-
cording to flavor, body and packag'e. Beeswax,

29@30c. R. A. BURWETT & Co.

Boston, March '.—The demand for comb
honey still continues light with heavy stocks
on hand. Fancy white, 15@16c: No. 1, 14c. Ex-
tracted, 6@8c according to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas Citt, March 31.— Tlie honey situa-
tion does not improve. While there is a little
better movement the prices seem to be lower.
Fancy white brings $:; a case; No. 1, $1.75; am-
ber and lower grades from $1.25 to J1.50. Ex-
tracted, 4M@6c. Beeswax, 2Sc.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati,©., April?. — The large stock of
comb honey, yet offered with hardly any de-
mand, caused lower prices. I quote fancy water
white at 12c; other g^rades in proportion, lower.
Extracted is in the usual demand for this time
of the year; quote amber in barrels at 5%@5%c;
in cans, %c more; white clover, from 7(a.,Sc.
Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Weber.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8. — Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@l4c; No. 1, 12(mi3c;
mixed, lOfftillc; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand : B uckwheat, 6@6^c ; white,
6@6!^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30(§>32c. H. R. Wright.

Philadelphia. April 10. — The market is still
further demoralized ou comb honey since our
last quotations. <i jod comb honey is being re-
tailed for two for 25c and wholesaled at lOj a
section. This will ^rade from fancy down, and
is bought up in job lots to close out. We have
no further quotation', as the maiket is very ir-
regular. ExtractL'.i honey is selling, fancy
whiteat 7c; amber,'?^"' 6c, according toquality. .

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Apri: .—There is nothing doing
in comb honey. The demand is next to noth-
ing. Quite an amouai of old stock left on hand,
some of which no dujbt will not be sold before
fa.l. A little fancv stock is moving here and
there but of no conse^iueace. Large blocks are

not being moved. Extracted honey is dull also.
Large buyers are holding off having an idea
that prices will rule considerably lower when
the new crop begins to come in from the South
and California. For the presenttime we cannot
encourage shipments of either comb or ex-
tracted honey. Beeswax is firm and in good de-
mand at 30c. HiLDRETH A Segblken.

Cincinnati, March 10— There is little, if any,
improvement in the hcuey market here, since
our last (juotation. We hope to render a more
encouraging report soon. We quote amber ex-
tracted honey in barrels and cans at SH^dHc.
White clover at 7@8c. Fancy white comb at
12@13c. Beeswax, 28c.

Thb Fred W.Muth Co.

San Francisco, April 5.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber, 8'^lOc. Extracted,
white, 6(8^6% cents; light amber, 4M@S56c; am-
ber, 3^@45ic; dark amber, 3@3Mc. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

New crop honey is expected on the market in
the near future. Indications are there will be
a fairly liberal yield in this State and the qual-
ity of high average. No large quantities of 1904
honey now on market, but inquiry for same is
light and business is mostly of a small jobbing
character.

QUEENS! QUEENS!

Am ready as usual to fur-
nish the BEST OF QUEENS
only. Have changed my ad-
dress, having moved to 1111
N. Smith St., San Antonio,
Tex., where I have better
mail service.

Untested Queens, 85c each ;
Tesled,S1.25 each. Untested,
after April, "oc each ; or .jS
per dozen ; Tested, SI each.

I rear only the three and the five banded
Italians. DANIEL WUKTH,

im N. Smith St., SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
Ity Please order from these prices to save
correspondence. 14E2t

Please mention Bee Journal -when -wTitinp

3-Fraiiie Nuclei For Sale.

We can furnish 3-frame Nuclei of Italian Bees
with Queen, by May 10, or thereafter, at $3 each,
fo.b. express office 100 miles west i-f Chicago.
Tested Queens now, at $1.25 each. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Slreet, - CHICAGO, ILL.

304

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 20, 1905.

"There's no use crying over spilt sections."
You won't have to if they are

LEWIS' SECTIONS

You are not taking chances when you order Ivewis' Sections.
Our name is on every crate.

m4

'iff !»- -i

^#

These are Lewis' Sections. Aren't they Beauties ?
Read what others say about them :

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. Deerfield, Iowa.

Gentlemen : — I want to say that I consider your make
of sections the nearest perfect of any I have ever had. I
have folded packages of 500 without breaking one and I can-
not say that of others I have used.

Yours truly, Geo. Brown.

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. Centralia, Kas.

Gentlemen : — Everybody wants Lewis' sections.

Yours truly, A. W. Swan.

Grand View, Iowa, June 3, 1904.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen : — I have received those sections in good

shape and I am well pleased with same. They are all right
in every way. I shall recommend your bee-supplies to other
bee-keepers. I think you make better goods than any other
firm in the world. Accept my thanks.

Yours truly, Geo. B. McDaniblS.

Kenton, Ohio, May 4, 1904.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen : — The goods are simply fine in every re-
spect. We have compared a few of the No. 1 sections
bought of another firm which we carried over from last sea-
son with your No. 2 and find that the No. 2 are superior.
Yours truly, Norris & Anspach.

Lewis' Sections have made the Lewis Co. famous. They are for sale all over

the world.
Send for free Catalog of 88 pages.

6. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

Bee 3ournal

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR.

Published by GEORGE W, YORK & CO,, 334 Dearborn Street,

45th Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 27, 1905.

No. 17.

306

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 27. 19fS.

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best beekeepers write for it. The
following noted writers contribute reg-
ularly :

C. C. MILLER,
Of Illino.s.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,
Of New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A.J. COOK,
Of California.

Semi - monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleanlues lu Bee Culture,
6 mouths, 25c.

We are certain that any one intei-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 2Sc. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

\T1t.ll.TZXmXXXTXXSXtXXXtXtXtX.X1Xl

Eaolosed tlad 25 cents, for wblcli
send me GJeaning'S la Bee Cal-
ture 6 mojttJxs,

NAME

P.O..

COUNTY.

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken from our catalog of
last year, explains the transfer then
made :

The business for many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for The A . I. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A. I. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers and Friends :

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

Geohge W. Yobk & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences offered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
Jnne — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in -many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit^

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

DAXZENBAKER HIVE.

"Pacts About Itees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent OQ receipt of a 2-cent stamp to pay the postage. Nend tor it.

STATE.

The Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE.
Three Points of Exeellenee :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can get more per pound for it.

SFflJCIAL. ISrOTIOHJ.

The great popularity of tbe Daozenbaker hive has brought the staalloiv brood-frame and the
tall plain sections into prominence. It must be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything jost
EIGHT, so you should place your order for the Danzenbaker hive with our office, or any of our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries, etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, III.

«i@^e^^.®®®@€P@^^^^^^^^®^@€^®^^^ ®^^^^^^^®^^^^^^^€^^^@^€^^'

Entered at the Post-Ofl5ce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Publisbed Weekly at $1.00 a Tear by Ceorge W. Vork & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBOROe W. YORK, Editor.

CHICAGO, ILL,, APRIL 27, 1905.

VoL XLV.— No. 17.

=^

(£bttortaI Hotes
anb (Eomments

J

Putting Weak Colonies Over Strong Ones

Reference to page 262, shows considerable interest at the Michi-
gan State convention in the plan of putting weak colonies over strong
ones in spring. The plan was first given by E. W. Alexander, in the
Bee-Keepers' Review for April, 1904, where he says:

After the bees have been taken from the cellar, and had a good
flight, we commence at one side of the yard and examine every colony
carefully. Those that are weak in bees, yet have a good queen, we
mark ; and, as soon as they have some larvse in their combs, which is
usually in about 5 days after setting out, each is taken to a good,
strong colony and set on top, with a queen-excluding honey-board be-
tween. If there is no larvic at this time in the weak colony, I give it
a frame from the strong colony, so as to keep the bees from leaving
their queen, and all going below. I close up all entrances except that
of the strong colony. The bees will divide themselves about equally
between the 3 queens; and in about 4 or 5 weeks I can separate them,
and, in nine times out of ten, I have 2 good, strong colonies. For JO
years I have treated all of my weak colonies in this way in early
spring. Sometimes I have had 100 weak colonies on top of strong
colonies, and I don't lose 5 percent. I think it a much better way
than to try to build them up alone ; as there is no trouble from rob-
bers, and no attention is required until it is time to separate them.
Don't keep them together too long, as the young bees, when over 2
weeks old, are liable to sting one of the queens.

Commenting upon this in the latest number of the Review, Editor
Hutchinson says :

When I published the foregoing there was no doubt in my mind
that it would work out as Mr. Alexander said it would, that the weak
colonies would be saved and build up, but I had a lingering suspicion
that the strong colonies might lose as much as the weak ones gained—
that it was robbing l^eter to pay Paul — and I don't feel sure yet that
there is anything gained except saving the queens of the weak colo-
nies; however, I am more than willing to be convinced to the contrary.

There can be no question that any accession of bees to the upper
colony from below means a loss to the lower colony. Another thing
not mentioned is the fact that the upper colony will lose its flying
force not once, but twice. When it is placed over the strong colony,
any bees that have well marked the old place, when they return from
the fields, after the removal, will go straight to the old location and
join some colony close by. The number will not be large when the
removal occurs as early as Mr. Alexander mentions; but in the cases
mentioned on page 262, the removal was no doubt much later, for Mr.
Pearce says in the last Review that he got his hint from the April
(1904) Review, and the others probably did the same.

When the upper colony is returned to its old stand after 4 or b
weeks, the loss of the entire field-force will be a somewhat serious
matter.

After looking all these objections squarely in the face, there stil!
remains one great advantage, an advantage so great that if the loss of
queens is no greater than reported, a debt of gratitude is due Mr.
Alexander for giving as the plan. Compare 2 colonies in the spring.
one with bees enough to cover 2 frames of brood and another twice as
strong. The weaker colony will stand still as to strength, if indeed it

does not progress backward, while the other will increase right along.
That is, the proportionate increase is very much greater with the
stronger colony. Later in the season, when the weather is warm, the
weaker colony will increase with the same proportion as the stronger.
Now if we can. after a fashion, unite the forces in the cool, spring
weather, there will be great gain. We have practically given the
upper colony warmer weather, in which it can have a fair show.

The editor of the Review says " it is really, in one sense, a division
of the strong colony, a drawing off of bees and heat for the building
up of another colony." The drawing off of heat is admitted; but
not so much heat is withdrawn as if no bees were in the upper story.
•Just a bit doubtful as to drawing off bees. No bees are likely to go
above that are needed to cover the brood below, and the bees above
can keep warm a much larger amount of brood in the now warmer
atmosphere.

On the whole, there seems good reason to believe— always suppos-
ing no loss of queens — that the advantage .to the upper colony will
largely overbalance the harm to the lower. The loss of the field-force,
when the upper colony is returned to its old stand, will be just so
much gain to the lower colony, and if desired things may be evened up
by giving the upper colony one or more frames of brood from below a
day or two before the time of the second removal.

It is not too late yet to make a trial of the plan in the North, and
let us hope that others will succeed so well that a vote of thanks may
be given the Review for blazing the way.

Sugar Syrup Not All Inverted

Analysis reported in the British Bee Journal showed 3.8 percent
of sucrose (cane-sugar) where sugar syrup had been fed, against
mere traces in honey obtained from the nectar of flowers. This, the
British Bee .Journal says, is in accord with the statement of Mr. Cowan
at a California convention, where he said:

" When bees have been fed with cane-sugar syrup only part of
this is transformed into dextrose and levulose, so that it is easy to de-
tect the presence of cane-sugar in the way I have pointed out before,
when this method of fraud has been adopted."

Missouri's Unfortunate Foul Brood Bill

Mr. Robt. A. Holekamp, who was perhaps the most active bee-
keeper in all Missouri in getting the Apiary Bill passed by the Legis-
lature of that State, wrote the following letter to Gov. Folk, who had
vetoed the Bill :

St. Louis, Mo., March 23, 1905.
To His Excellency, .Joseph W. Folk,

Governor of the State of MisEonri.

Dear Sir .—1 have just read in the St. Louis Republic your mes-
sage to the Secretary of State vetoing Senate Bill No. 268, the Apiary
Bill.

I take the liberty to send you these lines explaining why this Bill
was introduced and passed by both houses of our Legislature.

We have diseases amongst the bees of this State which can not tje
eradicated through the efforts of the individual bee-keepers, because
the infection is constantly carried back to bis apiary if other apiaries
in his vicinity are diseased.

The disease which has a strong foothold in this State is foul brood,
which is caused by a microbe called Bacillus alvei; this Bacillus kills
the larv.T in the brood-combs before they mature Into bees, and colo-
nies infected with this disease become weak and finally die out. When
a colony is in this weak state, or has died out, bees from other colo-
nies enter the hive, rob the honey left in it and carry it into their own
hives. The colony to which this honey, which contains the Bacillus

308

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 27, 1905.

alvei, is carrieii soon sliows the disease and will perisli as the colony
from which the honey was carried, and in this way whole apiaries are
destroyed.

Now, if it were only for the bee-keeper's own apiary where foul
brood exists, it would probably not be necessary for the State to inter-
fere, but bees from neighboring apiaries will come to this diseased
apiary and carry home the disease by robbing: in the diseased apiary,
thus spreading the disease and destruction.

Bees will travel as far as 6 miles in quest of honey, and it seems
they have means, as experience teaches, to find a weak colony or a
hive without live bees on long distances.

The State Inspector is needed to examine bees, which the progres-
sive bee-keeper has no authority to inspect. There is no possibility
for the Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association, or the individual bee-
lieeper to preserve the bee-industry of the State from final destruction ;
the State must help them.

The disease exists now only in spots here and there over the State,
and it can be eradicated if proper measures are taken in time.

The honey industry of Missouri is not small. There are over
41 000 bee-keepers in this State, according to the United States census
of' 1900, who produced in 1903 over 6,000,000 pounils of honey, ac-
cording to the reports of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture.

If you will permit me to appear before you to show some combs
containing the larv* killed through foul brood, I will be pleased to
come to .Jefferson City, and then will be able to explain more fully
ihe workings of the disease, and be able to back it up by proper
literature.

The Apiary Bill is killed for the present by your veto, but it will
be introduced again in the next Legislature, and that is the reason I
take the liberty of addressing you.

I also take the liberty of enclosing a copy of a letter sent by Prof.
Frank Benton, of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C,
to Senator Voorhees, which shows that Prof. Benton considers legisla-
tion necessary for the preservation of the honey industry of tfiis State.

I wish to remark that I have not been a candidate for Inspector,
and this Bill had not been gotten np to give a job to some individual.
I send you enclosed a circular to ihe members of the Missouri State
Bee-Keepers' Association, which was sent out by me before I read your
veto in to-day's paper. There were two candidates for Inspector
already, but I was trying to find the best man available, and then to
submit his name as the candidate of the Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association to the Missouri State Board of Agriculture, aud to peti-
tion the Board to appoint him. Mr. George B. Ellis, Secretary of the
State Board of Agriculture, will bear me out in this.

Respectfully, Robt. A. Holekamp,

Assistant Secretary Missouri Utate Bee-Keepers' Association.

The letter referred to as written by Mr. Benton to Senator Voor-
hees, is as follows ;

Washington, D. C, Feb. 16, 1905.
Senator Voorhees, State Senate, Columbia, Mo.

* Dear Sir : — One of the correspondents of this office has called my
attention to Senate Bill No. 268, which is entitled "An Act to provide
for the appointment of a State Inspector of Apiaries, and to regulate
the duties thereof."

During several visits that I have made to your State, I have seen
the necessity for some such legislation, having learned of considerable
devastation in different portions of the State through contagious dis-
eases of an extremely destructive character, and I am therefore greatly
interested in the success of such legislation.

The only change which I would suggest is to make it slightly
more general, through using in the first section of the Bill the words,
" for the prevention and suppression of contagious diseases among
honey-bees, such as foul brood, black brood, paralysis," etc., instead
of the sentence, which, in the present Bill, confines it more especially
to one disease alone. The possibility should always be taken into
consideration of the introduction of other diseases, as well as the fact
that at least one other disease besides foul brood, namely, paralysis,
does exist within the State at the present time.

The great benefit which honey-bees do to the horticultural and
agricultural interests of the State, through complete pollenation of
the blossoms of fruit-trees and various clover and seed crops, resulting
in greater production as well as better quality of fruits and seeds,
renders the protection of bees of great importance to the horticultural
and agricultural interests of the State.

The States of New York, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, Illinois,
Colorado, Texas, Utah and California have laws which, in most in-
stances, have been of great benefit in the suppression of contagious
diseases among bees. Perhaps among these the Illinois law has been
most ineffective, simply through lack of proper compensation to the
Inspector, and perhaps, in some instances, no appropriation to execute
the law properly. On the other hand, in New York, Colorado, Wis-
consin and California vast good has resulted, while no interests have
been injured thereby.

I commend most heartily to the careful consideration of every
Senator this subject, and hope sincerely that the pending legislation
will receive unanimous support.

Yours very respectfully, Frank Benton,

In Charge of Apiculture,

In the Modern Farmer and Busy Bee for April, Editor Abbott de-
votes several pages to a thorough review of Gov. Folk's veto, which
appears on page 201 of this Journal. Mr. Holekamp did well to write
to Gov. Folk. The only fear is that he may never see the letter
among so large a correspondence as a governor would naturally re-
ceive Ot course it was too late to undo the wrong done the bee-
keepers of Missouri. They will have to try again at the next session

of their Legislature, and in the meantime endeavor to see to it that the
Governor is so well informed on the subject that he will not repeat
his unwise action.

On another page appears an article on this subject, from Dr. G.
Bohrer, of Kansas.

IrttsceUcraeous
Hetps <- Stems

==/

Hon. K. L/. Taylor, of Michigan, has been elected chairman
of the Board of Directors of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, to
succeed W. F. Marks, of New York, who resigned.

Photographs of Apiaries. — We could use some more good
photographs of apiaries of our subscribers if they will kindly send
them in. We should also like brief descriptions to accompany them.
In case we would not be able to use any that are received, we will re-
turn them if so requested. We will also return any we do use if it is
desired. If you have a nice apiary, and no picture of it, why not
have one taken during the summer when it appears at its best?

The Apiary ot Edw. Scoggin, ot Eddy Co., New Mex., is
pictured on the first page this week. Mr. Scoggin has this to say
about it :

I send a photograph of my apiary and a portion of my dwelling-
house and family, taken in 1902. My family consisted of myself,
wife, four boys and one girl. My apiary contained 120 colonies, and
produced 5 '.j tons ot honey that season — 3000 pounds of comb honey
and the balance extracted.

I commenced keeping bees in the fall of 1894, with 10 colonies.
The next season I sold honey to the value of over $14 to the colony,
and increased by dividing to 41 colonies. I commenced using dove-
tailed hives with full sheets of foundation, and still use full sheets,
and right here is where I think my success lies.

I have 160 colonies in hives well painted, with frames wired and
full sheets of foundation in every frame. Edw. Scoggin.

" Drove of Wild Bees Swimming." — Mr. .J. M. Burtoh, of
Whiteside Co., 111., sends us the following somewhat flowery quota-
tion from a recent novel, which will be quite amusing to bee-keepers:

"The king sat in his private garden in the shade of a potted
orange-tree, the leaves of which were splashed with brilliant yellow.
The velvet hush of the midday hour had fallen. There was an endless
horizon of turquois blue, a zenith pellucid as glass. The trees stood
motionless; not a shadow stirred, save that which was cast by the
tremulous wings of a black and-purple butterfly, which, near to his
majesty, fell, rose and sank again. From a drove of wild bees swim-
ming hither and thither in quest ot the final sweets of the year, came
a low, murmurous hum, such as a man sometimes fancies he hears
while standing alone in the vast auditorium of a cathedral."

Surely, a "drove of wild bees swimming" would be quite a
" novel " sight — seen only in a novel.

Geo. W. Brodbeck — Additional Notes. — Last week we
gave a biographical sketch of Mr. Brodbeck, written by Prof. A. J.
Cook. Since then we have received the following from J. M.' Ham-
baugh, who also knew Mr. Brodbeck well :

Geo. W. Brodbeck was loved and respected by all who knew him,
and he had the entire confidence of the bee-keepers of the Sunny Slope.
His heart was in the work, and he labored early and late to place the
apiarian interests on a higher and more lucrative plane, the last two
or three years of his life, as president of the California National
Honey-Producers' Association.

The beekeepers of the Coast and Nation have lost a faithful and
sincere friend, and the name of Geo. W. Brodbeck will long be remem-
bered as one of our brightest and most distinguished lights of the in-
dustry in California. May his spirit be at rest. His wife and family
have our heartfelt sympathy in this their dark hour of sorrow.

J. M. Hambaugh.

Mr. Hambaugh also enclosed a letter dated March 23, written by
Mrs. Brodbeck, from which we take the following paragraphs ;

"My husband's birthplace was Lawrenceburg, Ind. He grew to
years of manhood in that town. He was married there, Dec. 3, 1878.
He removed to Edinburg, Ind., where he resided about 5 years, going
from there to Indianapolis. In that city he became Interested in bees,
and owned a small apiary. In October, 1889, he came to Los Angeles,
where he resided until the time of his death.

" In .January, 1904, he had a severe attack of pneumonia, and for
days it was thought he could not live. He rallied from that some-

April 27, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

309

what, bat never gained much strength. The effects left by that tor-
rlble disease were such that he could not recover, and he gradually
grew weaker until death ended his sufferings, Feb. 6, 1905.

•' He was an earnest Christian, and was entirely willing to go, but
would have preferred to get well for my sake. His love for the bnes
and the welfare of the bee-keepers is well known. He loved the
work he had chosen with unselfish devotion."

The Farm Journal has in its May issue, in a very prominent
place, an excellent article written by Mr. Wm. A. Selser, one of the
members of The Honey-Producers' League, on "The Honey-Bee and
the Truth About Honey." Mr. Selser sets forth some real facts about
honey and its nectar origin.

Also, in the same issue, appears this paragraph, in the department
called "Heart Problems," conducted by "Aunt Harriet," who, in the
April Farm Journal, wrote the statement about honey that we copied
on page 2SI1 :

I have had a number of letters in reference to an item which
appeared last month, advising me that my statement in regard to
adulterated honey was overdrawn, and is liable to injure the bee-in-
dustry. The attention of the Editor of the Farm Journal has also
been called to the matter, and he wishes me to say that bee-keepers
need not tear but that the Farm Journal will set the matter right if a
mistake has been made.

The Chick Book.— The successful methods of reariug-
chicks ; 80 pages 9x12 inches. A book of thorough and reli-
able instruction on rearing chicks. It includes chapters on
condition of the breeding stock ; selecting and incubating
the eggs ; brooding, feeding and caring for the chicks from
the time they are hatched until they are ready for market or
breeding pen. By following the instructions in this book,
the poultryman can avoid mistakes and secure the greatest
profit, whether raising chicks for market or fancy. If your
chicks do not live and thrive, consult this book, and learn
better methods. It is a guide to success. Price, SO cents,
postpaid, or given free as a premium to a paid-in-advance
subscriber who sends us one new yearly subscription to the
American Bee Journal with $1.00 ; or clubbed with the Bee
Journal one year — both for $1.30. Address the American
Bee Journal office.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; 50
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song — words by Hon-
Eugene Secor and music by Dr. C. C. Miller. This is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller. It is, indeed, a " hummer." We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents. Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of it for
sending us one new yearly subscription to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not i. v
get the American Bee Journal, and we wiU send them sa i-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
ia nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid mu h
by sending in the name.", and addresses when writing us :n
other matters.

4^ (Eontrtbutcb -f
Special Ctrticles

=\

jf

Producing Section Honey With and Without
Separators

BY WM. M. WHITNEY

On pages 20 and 21 there appear some expert opinions
respecting the production of section honey. To the question
"Can marketable sections of honey be satisfactorily produced
without separators?" a large number of emphatic "Noes" were
the response. Other, and more guarded replies, admitted
the possibility of its being done.

It is seldom that we find two bee-keepers surrounded
by the same conditions and having exactly the same difficul-
ties to meet and overcome, and this fact, it seems to me,
may be one of the prime causes of the diversity of opinion
among bee-keepers on nearly every branch of the business.
My bee-keeping has been carried on, on comparatively a small
scale — 25 to .50 colonies being the limit — and having plenty
of time to devote to details, I have given more attention
to experimenting in a general way than I otherwise might
have done had there been a larger number of colonies to
look after ; yet I believe I could have managed as many
as 100 colonies just as well.

It is not the farm of the largest number of acres that
is farmed the best; nor is it the largest apiaries that show
the best results in every respect.

Having made a trial of wood separators, and having been
troubled so much with brace-comb, which invariably, with me,
spoiled the section, that only in exceptional cases has it seemed
advisable to use them. Were unfinished sections, or those
from which the honey had been thrown out ; or, sections
xy% to 2 inches wide to be used, on even my style of hive,
separators should be used. It is unnecessary to explain, even
to an ordinary bee-keeper, why they should be used in the
first two cases mentioned, but perhaps it's well to give a
reason why they should be used in the last. All sections
1^ to 2 inches wide, if well filled, without the use of sepa-
rators, weigh more than a pound. If separators are used,
there results two bee-way spaces between, the combs instead
of one; consequently, lessens the thickness and weight of the
sections just that much, bringing them within the weight
required by nearly all dealers ; but with 7-to-the-foot sec-
tions, if properly manipulated, the same results are attained
without separators.

Allow me to explain my practice, and pardon miniite
details in doing so, for, often, mistakes are made, and_ dis-
appointments and disasters follow, because of lack of at-
tention to seemingly unimportant details in nxanagement.

My hives are 2-story, double-walled to the top of first
story, with thin outside shell for second story. Section cases
mav be tiered up three high under the cover, having a dead-
air space around the entire outside of the cases. The out-
side sections are kept, practically, at the same temperature
as those in the center of the case. In early spring, the hive-
stands are leveled as accurately as possible, and on all hives
where the colonies are strong enough to bear the treatment,
supers of brood frames of comb, or foundation, are put.
Just about fruit-bloom time, or a little later, depending upon
the weather and honey-flow, the colonies are examined; su-
pers on all such as are strong in numbers are removed; bees
shaken from the frames in front of the hive, and supers
taken, if containing brood, to such colonies as may be com-
paratively weak — such may be found in nearly all apiaries
having a number of colonies;— if none such are found, new
colonies may be formed in the usual way.

Cases containing 7-to-the-foot, 2-bee-way iVi, sections
with full sheets of extra-thin foundation are put on all hives
strong in bees ; sometimes two cases, if the colony is very
strong, are put on at once, and within two hours— sometimes,
in much less time— the cases will be filled with bees from
side to side, with not a vacant section to be found. With the
dead-air space around the casus, the outside sections are
worked as freely as others, and the combs are carried down
parallel, with a single bee-way space between them, and as
true as the best worker-comb one ever saw. Not infrequently

310

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 27, 1905.

the cases are surrounded with bees clinging to the sides
nearly an inch thick. This condition could not obtain were it
not /or the outside wall.

Now, my theory is, that owing to the great fluctuation
of temperature, often between midday and midnight, in our
northern localities, the double-wall hive is a better one for
the production of comb honey than the single wall, for the
reason, as I have thought, that comb-building is carried on
moie extensively at night, bees in the outside sections in the
single-wall hive, are checked in their operations during chilly
nights; hence, the necessity for the use of separators in such
hives to prevent the bulging of the comb in the sections. In
more southern localities this condition may not prevail, but
in northern localities there seems to be this trouble ; or, is it
my imagination? It seems to me, that if outside sections are
kept as warm as inside ones, and the hive is strong in bees,
that work would be as likely to be done there as elsewhere.
While I've never had anything but limited experience with
single-walled hives, this theory seems plausible to say the
least.

But, I imagine I hear some one saying, "This is all a
pretty word-picture ; it looks well on paper ; sounds musical,
but I'd like to know whether it is all so, or not." Well,
trv it. Some one says, "It's just possible you are not a judge
of what constitutes a marketable section of honey." Well,
I'll not say as to that, but let the honey speak for itself.
A dealer who handles it in one of our large cities reports
that he has handled honey in the same place for 16 years,
and that this honey — non-separatored honey — is the finest
that he ever saw : that he sent a case to a lady who wanted
a choice article, and that she sent it back because she thought
it was manufactured; said she never saw comb so true and
so nice in her life, and that she knew that it was never in a
bee-hive. After being convinced that it was all right, she
requested the grocer to return the honey to her home.

My honey has been shipped to St. Louis, Kansas City,
Chicago, Oak Park, and to other places, at $3.75 to $4.00
per case of 24 sections (f. o. b.), and I'm unable to supply
the demand. Of course, it is put up just as nicely as I
know how to do it, and I intend that no section back of
the front row shall suffer from a comparison with any one
of those just behind the glass.

Now, whether it takes an expert or not, to produce that
kind of honey without separators, I'll not admit that I can-
not do it. Taking the extra expense of separators, the trouble
of cleaning them, and the brace-comb that is so often built
that spoils the section, I'm not so certain that I cannot do
it as well without separators, and with as little trouble, as
with them.

I have said that I'm experimenting a little in a general
way. What we read in books and journals of course is of
use to u6, and sets us to thinking, which should prompt us
to do a little testing of theories, so that we may know for
ourselves; and, if done intelligently, this gives us positive
knowledge, which is essential for every person in any line
of business or employment to have. In this way, and only in
this way, are we likely to advance along any line of research.
I am planning to try a different style of separator from any-
thing that I have seen, to be used with the various kinds of
sections, and if I meet with success I shall give the results
of my experience to my brother bee-keepers. If I fail, well —
what? Why, "Try, try again." Walworth Co., Wis.

#

Governor Folk's Veto Message

BY DR. G. BOHRER

ON page 261 appears the Veto Message of Governor Folk,
of Missouri, in which he gives what he calls his reasons
for not appoving the Apiary Bill passed by the Legisla-
ture of that State.

In the second paragraph he refers to the provision in
the Bill for the inspector to make a second visit to an apiary
diseased, which is the only real shadow of a valid reason set
forth in the entire document, that can serve as a real plea
of justification in support of his inexcusable blunder.

The law should be so formed as to require the appoint-
ment of a person for inspector who is well skilled in the
habits and management of honey-bees, and well-versed in
the diseases of bees and the successful treatment of the
same. When called upon to visit and inspect an apiary in
case foul brood, pickled brood, or black brood is found, he
should prescribe an effectual remedy for a radical cure. If
the owner or manager of the bees refuses to permit the

inspector to treat the disease or fails to apply the remedy
himself, the inspector should proceed to destroy all diseased
colonies, together with everything about the premises
infected in a manner liable to spread the disease. As a
rule, one visit will be sufficient to mark out the course to be
pursued by the inspector, and he should be the judge as to
whether or not more than one is necessary.

In the third, fourth, and fifth paragraphs of the Mes-
sage, the Governor proves that he (like millions of other
well-meaning people), knows nothing about the bee-indus-
try, except, possibly, the superstitions and false reports
sent over the country through the press, all of which have
their origin in ignorance, and are cradled in superstition,
to the serious detriment of a very important industry. For
thousands of good people, many of whom are women and
invalids, are securing a comfortable support through the
scientific support of bees, and many other thousands are
keeping a few colonies which supply their tables with
honey, the most welcome sweet obtainable from any source.
In the fifth paragraph he states that the principle of the
measure is paternalistic, and not in accord with the demo-
cratic theory of government, which expression had its
origin in the brain of some trust magnate, and is used to
prejudice the minds of the unthinking and unsuspecting,
but confiding, public, and has no legitimate place in the
consideration or discussion of any question like the one
before us. If I am in error in taking this view of the case
why should any of the states enact laws to prevent harbor-
ing and spreading glanders among horses, small-pox, yel-
low fever, and other ailments among the human family ?
The Governor has assumed ground wholly untenable, and
he should lay aside all such slang expressions when consid-
ering questions which deserve the candid and sincere
thought of a real statesman.

Missouri, like other States, has many intelligent bee-
keepers, who are confronted with the deadly disease of foul
brood among bees, which is being harbored by the careless,
ignorant and superstitious persons who own them, and who
are not only careless but egotistical, as well as superstitious,
and unwilling to accept the advice of anyone who may be
disposed to help rid them of the disease. In view of what
the governor says — "leave the matter to the owners of the
bees themselves " — why not. Governor Folk, call legislation
against railway train-robbing paternalistic, and advise the
railway companies, the people, and the robbers, to settle the
matters of robbery among themselves ?

That Governor Folk has in time past done some very
good things is a fact, but in vetoing a bill for the suppres-
sion of a great source of injury to an important industry,
under the tame reasons he offers, he has done wrong. Let
us hope that he will not do it again.

Lyons Co., Kans.

A Large Increase— How to Secure It

BY G. M. DOOUTTLE

A LETTER lying before me reads thus: "I see that you
are answering questions in the American Bee Journal,
and so am led to ask you to tell me how I can increase
my bees more rapidly than I did last summer by natural
swarming. During the winter of 1903-04, I lost nine-tenths
of my bees, and thought to get the unoccupied combs cov-
ered with bees again, by natural swarming, but as few
swarms issued, I was obliged to sulphur the combs to keep
them. Now can you tell me how I can increase wh^t few I
have so that I can get the combs all in use again ?

I have tried many plans of rapid increase of bees, all of
which would work to a greater or less extent; but I will give
the one which suits me best, taking everything into consid-
eration :

Get out as many boxes as you think you will want (I
keep ten on hand), large enough to hold from three to five
pounds of bees. For this purpose there is nothing better
than an ordinary 20 to 24 section shipping-case, nailed up
and leaving off the side-strips that hold the glass. On one
of the open sides nail on a piece of wire-cloth, and for the
other side, make a frame to fit, to which you will nail wire-
cloth, the same as you did to the box. Now with hinges
and a hook or latch, fasten this to the opposite side of the
box, when you will have a door that you can open at any
time you may wish.

Next get a tinsmith to make a great, big funnel, which
should be eighteen inches across the top, with the usual
slope of side, coming down to a 2>i inches upright, or out-
let, which should be^about two inches long. If this outlet

April 27, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

311

is much less than 2^2 inches in diameter, the bees will clofj
in it, instead of readily passing down through, when the
bees from a frame are shaken into the funnel.

Having the funnel made, squeeze together at the top,
till you have an oval funnel about a foot wide and 22 inches
long, in diameter of the two ways across the top. This will
collect the bees in better, when the frame is shaken, than it
would if left in the ordinary funnel shape.

Next bore a hole in the top of the "nucleus box" (that
is what I call this box), which will just let the small or
upright part of the funnel down into it, and fix a little door
of some kind to cover this hole when the bees are in and
the funnel is out. Next put in a section partly filled with
honey, left over from last season, putting the same near one
end of the box, and fasten it in place by means of a screw,
clamp or spring, so that the bees can have something to
live on while in the box. This completes all the box part.

Now crowd the colonies you have in the spring, toward
full colonies, just as fast as possible, using any or all the
plans with which you are familiar, or those given in the
bee-books, for keeping them warm, stimulating, etc.; and as
soon as any one of them gets strong enough, prepare it for
queen-rearing, according to the plan given in " Scientific
Queen-Rearing," and continue to rear queens from this
colony, as you may require, for you can do this and not hin-
der this colony from contributing its share of bees for the
increase you wish, as well as the others, as the queen is
laying all the time in it.

As soon as any of the colonies are full of bees, so they
•can spare bees from two frames, or from half a pound to a
pound, without injuring their future prospects, and you
have ripe queen-cells, take the cells out and put them into
the queen-nursery to hatch. Now, as soon as the queens
are one or two days old, go to any hive that can spare bees,
take out two frames, being sure that the old queen is not on
either of them, and shake the bees from them down through
the funnel into the box, doing this about 10 o'clock, a. m.

Having the bees in the box, set them in some darkened
room, leaving them there till the next morning, when you
will get one of the young queens from the nursery, put her
in a cage having a stopper in it filled with queen-candy to
an extent that it will take the bees about half a day to eat
it out and liberate her. Now take the box of bees to some
place where it is light so you can see, and suddenly set it
down on the bench or floor, when all the bees will fall to
the bottom. Now quickly open the funnel hole, put in the
queen-cage, and secure it so it will stay about an inch or so
below the top of the box, by means of a wire shut in between
the little door and the top of the box, in closing the hole
again.

After having things thus fixed, set the box away again
where it was before, leaving it to near sunset the following
day, when you will find the bees all contented with their
new queen, and hanging to the box like a swarm. At this
time go to any hive that can spare a frame having some
brood in it, say from '; to jz full, and take such a frame.
shaking the bees off', and replacing it with a frame of
empty comb. Put this frame in a hive placed where you
wish a colony to stand, together with two of the combs you
wish to stock with bees, each having enough honey in them
to insure the little colony from starvation, placing the one
having brood in it between the two having honey in them,
and all near one side of the hive. Now get the box of bees,
open the large door to the same, lowering it down into
the hive, when with a quick, jarring motion you will shake
all the bees on the bottom of the hive. At once set the box
outside and draw the combs along the rabbets of the hive
till they are next the side of the hive where you have shaken
the bees, put in a division-board to keep them on the three
combs, and keep all warm, when the bees, in running up,
will be immediately on the combs, and will fly out and work
just the same as a natural swarm of the same size would.

If your work is so that you can not put them in the box
at 10 o'clock a. m., as given above, the little swarms can be
made at any time, but by doing the work as above you v.ill
get a greater proportion of young bees in the box than you
would did you do this work when the working force of be. s
was mostly in the hive.

As you wish to make more little colonies, fix the box
back as it was when making this first one, and using the
whole ten, or more if necessary, in the same way, and pi' -
ceed with all the same as with the first. As the sea- i
advances you can make one such little colony from each i. ;1
colony twice a week, and take the same from yourcolo.iV
rearing queen-cells, too.

Keep a good lookout for the combs, if the moth is liV:.- y
to trouble them, using those each time that may show .. y

signs of moth-worms, and in this way you will not need to
sulphur any that were not treated that way last year, or
from which the bees may have died the past winter.

When the honey harvest arrives, keep plenty of combs
on the strongest colonies, so that plenty of stores can be
stored in these for wintering, and, as the season advances,
use more bees each time in making the colonies; and when
fall arrives, if you do not have all the colonies you wish,
and you have plenty of sealed combs of honey for stores
left, take bees from several hives, thus forming a strong
colony at once, and hive them on these frames of sealed
stores. I have so formed colonies in September, many
times, and had them prove as good as any the next season.

If you have some honey in the combs from which the
bees died, and you work to the best advantage in securing
honey in the combs when the flow is on, you can increase
seven or eight colonies in the spring to 100 in the fall,
easily, by this plan, without any feeding or without any
outlay in cash for queens, feed, or anything of the kind;
and if the season is a really good one you can secure some
surplus besides.

With the nucleus-box plan, you can do almost anything
you wish by way of making colonies for any purpose you
may desire, and the beauty of it all is, that they will stay as
contented and work as nicely as any natural swarm. Of
course, it is understood that the empty combs are to be
added to these little colonies as soon as the queens get to
laying and they can cover more, till the hives are full, and
the combs are all used.

Allow me to say that the main secret of a rapid increase,
is in not commencing operations till the colonies are strong,
nearly enough so to swarm, and then not robbing them of
bees till they are too weak to work to the best advantage;
using few bees for each colony the fore part of June, and
more and more as you go along, thus having all come up to
full colonies in August and September.

I have had to be brief with this in order to get all in
one article, but I think I have been sufficiently explicit so
the questioner, and all others, may understand. If not, I
am open for more questions at any time. These nucleus-
boxes have become an absolute necessity with me in my
apiaries; for with them I can handle bees with about the
same ease I can potatoes in the bushel boxes.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

©ur-:* Sister
BccKeepers

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Mareogo, 111.

Bees Do Not Puncture Fruit

=/

Those who read the letter of Miss Wheeler, on page 204, will
doubtless be interested in the outcome of the investigations instituted
by her to find whether bees were the culprits in the case of certain
injuries to apples. A letter frottf her dated March 1, is as follows :

Dear Miss Wilson : — As promised, I send Prof. Stewart's reply,
also Prof. Parrott's comments on bees v». apples. Prof. Benton's
opinion, being practically the same, reads as follows :

" We have no record that I am aware of regarding puncturing of
over-ripe apples by bees. My own observations do not lead me to
think that bees ever do this. When apples and other fruits are broken
open by any means whatever, honey-ljees go in to suck the juices, and
even when the skin is broken, take hold of the edges of the latter in
such a manner as to permit them to enter the cavity, then to continue
the sucking of the saccharine juices of the latter from the pulp."

He refers to the Annual Report of the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, 1885, pages 336-339, and (ileanings in Bee Culture Feb. 1, 1901,
pages 91-92, which shows where careful tests have been made both by
himself and others, and also the trial in court and decisions in fruit vs.
bees. All of which tend toward the conclusion that bees do not take
the initial part in puncturing fruit, but follow after insects that do the
mischief, and the bees reap the benefit.

I must, of course, bow to the decision of men so thoroughly com-
petent to decide in this matter, and who have made a study of the
subject. And of course it is quite a relief if our bees are innocent of
injury to fruit. Frances E. Wheeler.

(jlinton Co., N. Y.

Prof. Stewart reported as follows :

We have made a careful microscopic examination of the brown
spots on the Taliiian sweet apple which you gave me, but have been
unable to determine definitely what raased the spots. In a great ma-

312

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April :

1905.

jority of cases we found no traces of fungi but occasionallj there was
a little fungus present. Probably the spots have not been caused by
fungi and I am unable satisfactorily to account for them. After talk-
ing over the matter with our entomologist, Mr. Parrott, I very much
doubt that the bees could have caused this trouble. It is contrary to
accepted beliefs in the matter. Mr. Parrott will, 1 think, write you
on the subject. F. C. Stewart, Botanist.

And this is the letter of Prof. Parrott :

Miss Frances E. Wheeler—

Dear J/adam.—X'poa his return, Mr. Stewart has informed me of
your interesting observations upon the work of bees on apples. Simi-
lar reports have been made of the work of these Insects upon grapes
and other fruits. While it is thought by some that they are able to
puncture fruits, it is now generally believed by apiculturists that the
bees cannot gain entrance to the fruits except as the skin may be
broken by other agents, as wasps and birds, etc. As we have paid
very little attention to this group of insects, I have written to Prof.
Benton of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, who is
a specialist in this line, for his advice. His reply is sent enclosed,
i am sure it will be of interest to you. When you are through with
this, will you please kindly return it to me?

P. J. Parrott, Entomologist.

Accompanying the foregoing documents was a private word from
Miss Wheeler, asking that judgment might not be too severe upon her
for having arraigned the bees for trial. Why, bless your good heart.
Miss Wheeler, instead of having any grudge against you, bee-keepers
owe you a vote of thanks for having done them a distinct service.

It is no light matter to have secured the verdict of two such able
men as the botanist and entomologist of the New York Agricultural
Experiment Station, not only because of their ability but because of
their disinterested position. No matter how much more Prof. Benton
may know about bees, there is some danger that having been a prac-
tical bee-keeper all his life he might be thought to have a kindly lean-
ing toward the bees in rendering a verdict. Professors Stewart and
Parrott are outside the ranks of bee-keepers, thus adding weight to
their verdict, and we are indebted to Miss Wheeler that they have thus
committed their weighty influence on the side of right and the bees.

I am sure that the sisters will join me in hoping that Miss
Wheeler's keen eyes may be further used in watching the busy bees,
and that we may often learn something from her as to that watching.

^

Honey as a Bee-Sting- Cure

That "like cures like " is fully demonstrated by the fact that one
of the best cures for bee-stings is honey. As soon as possible after
being stung remove the stinger which the bee usually leaves and cover
the afflicted part with honey, either in the comb or extracted. If used
soon enough it is, as far as I have known, a sure cure. I have an
acquaintance who was so badly stung that his arms, face and head
and even feet, for he had low shoes on at the time, were literally one
immense sting. The honey was applied and the following day he felt
no ill effects whatever except a slight weariness.— Allei-ne Lang-
ford, in Vick's Family Magazine.

Indian Cougii Cure

w.

. T. Mandy sends the following recipe for a cough cure which
he obtained from an Indian woman in Mississippi, and which he says
cured him of a cough of 20 years' standing :

Take Indian turnips and slice them up thin, put into a jar and
cover with honey, and then let stand '^ hours. Common turnips will
Dose, a tablespoonful before meals and at bedtime."

do.

VTiw pasty's
dftcrtl^ougl^ts

=\

=/

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

CAPT. HETHERINGTON AND HIS BEE-KEEPING EXPERIENCE.

The excellent sketch of J. E. Hetherington by Mr. Elwood shows
that the greatest bee-keeper in the world was not so much of a recluse
as some of us imagined. Had been President of his State association
and also of the National. The fact that we seldom saw him in print
and seldom heard of his being at a convention somehow made me
assume that he nener did these things. Not a fact. And if any one
has set it down as seltishness, or lack of public spirit, that kept him so
much out of sight and out of mind among our fraternity, the reading
of these live pages from the pen of a personal friend is likely to bring
an entire change of opinion.

A humorist would say that bee-keepers are distinguished by the
laark that somehow every one invented everything. Hetherington 's
invention of everything rather scoops the rest of us by reason of the
fact that he was so early in the field, 1852, and had a very inventive

mind as well. First man in America to depend wholly on bees for &
support. Takes 3,000 colonies, it seems, to give one the title of largest
bee-keeper in the world. Somebody will go higher now just for the
sake of doing it. Heavy wintering losses he had for some years ; but
for the last dozen years his success was quite good. We may remark,
by the way, that the cellar-wintering of 3.000 colonies of bees is not
exactly the sape problem as wintering 100. To the good is 30 times
as much animal heat; and to the bad is 30 times as much carbonic
acid gas. More call for ventilation then to sweeten things up. Pages
13r-l43.

NO QUEEN-BEARING SYSTEM IMPROVES BEES (?)

Oar " Hutch " seems to be running for the office of champion
heretic. Not content with contemplating all our bee-papers sealed up
in their tombs, he proceeds to say: "There is no system of queen-
rearing that will improve a strain of bees." Did you ever; Now it
may be that a short-lived and non-proliflc queen will usually transmit
to her daughters the good qualities that her parents were endowed
with— that is, transmit them without very much loss. I'm not ready
to say there would be no loss at all. 'Spects she would not have been
short-lived and non-proliflc had she been properly reared. And had
she been properly reared I should expect her to lift up a little instead
of pulling down a little on the desirable qualities of her descendants.
It is quite possible that the upbuilding power of queen-breeding pure
and simple may have been very greatly overrated. If that is so per-
haps we should be thanking Mr. Hutchinson for calling our attention
to it, instead of scolding him for getting a wheel off the track. Un-
doubtedly wise observation and selection extended to a large number
of colonies amounts to a good deal more than any arts of mere breed-
ing. But let us not throw away our dimes becatise gold pieces are
worth more. Improvement of a strain of any living creature often
gets on very slowly, but also sometimes (we know not why) advances
with a sudden long leap, which it is our business to seize and hang on
to. We wouldn't be hanging on properly unless we bred in the best
method we know. Page 150.

BEES IMMUNE PROM DISEASE.

When a fatal disease has had wide range and long prevalence >
and individuals never exposed are few or none, nature gradually builds
up an immunized strain. Thus, Prof. Harrison says, the sheep of
Algiers have become partly immune to the disease called anthrax. He
also thinks the bees of Europe have become partlj; immune to foul
brood, on the same principle. I don't feel so sure' of that as one
might; but it would account very well for so many sure cures brought
from over there proving nearly worthless on this side. Page 151.

DO BEES FREEZE OR STARVE j

As to those seemingly dead bees on page 163, 1 incline to introduce
a third theory to account for death when it actually comes in such
cases. They certainly did not starve to death, /or tlieij were not deail :
neither did they freeze to death, for the same conclusive reason. But
had they been left alone long enough they would have been dead —
which cause then? Neither (let us say). Starvation comes from lack
of nourishment; and organs thatBave ceased to act do not need nour-
ishment— that is, do not come to need it any worse than they did when
they ceased to act. Quite likely there is still some little remnant of
invisible action somewhere — as long as life remains; but the amount
of nourishment needed to support it would be correspondingly small.
And one would say (though with some possibility of a big mistake)
that it would take weeks, if not months, to starve a thoroughly
chilled bee. As to freezing, a bee frozen for two hours is not dead.
What more can freezing do after the first two hours? It is not easy
to see. So I'll mildly conclude that certain chemical changes proceed
quite well below the freezing point; and that they finally disorganize
things and extinguish the vital spark. But the whole of this is theo-
retic. Practically the way to save just such a colony in the future is
to give them more food to start in with. In some cases warmer
quarters would cause the bees to eat less food, and so have enough.
Matter of food in both cases.

=^

X)octor ITItUcr's
Question '- Box

J

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

t^° Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions by mail.

Transferring Bees

I have 6 colonies of bees in homemade hives with home-made
frames. These I wish to transfer to new hives (S-frame) with Hoff-
man frames. I also desire to procure new brood-combs for each hive.
I do not want increase; besides, I am not keeping bees for profit,
neither do I sell any honey, but all is turned to our personal use. I
intend to furnish the new hives with starters, and then shake the bees
from the old hives in front of them, and thus combine transferring
with swarming.

1. Is this method practicable or advisable, and, if so, when should
I do it, during swarming-time (about the end of May and beginning

April 27. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

313

of June with me) or when they have queen-cells? or could I do it be-
fore there are any indications of swarmint;?

2. Could I transfer in the above manner during fruit-bloom, hikI,
it so, will any swarms issue from colonies transferred in this maniuir^

3. Cim 1 use only starters in the new hives, or must I use full
sheets of brood foundation *

4. Could I use the brood-combs from the old hives in extraoting-
supers? I intend to run 3colonies for extracted and 3 for comb honey.

5. By transferring them in the manner outlined, would not tlie
greater part of the honey from white clover (which blooms in this
locality from the beginning of May) go into the brood-chamber rather
than into the sections? Indiana.

Answers. — 1. The method is practicable, and under the imposed
conditions perhaps Edvisable. If you do the work before swarming.
time, there is danger that you may hinder the best development of the
colony on the one hand, and on the other hand that if there is no
such hindrance there is likely to be swarming when swarming-time
comes. It will lie safer to wait till swarming-time, and it may eave
some work if you let the colonies swarm naturally, hiving them on
the new frames.

2. If you operate in fruit-bloom, and if you don't give the bees
too much of a sei-back by it, they will be likely to swarm. If you
operate in swarming-time, they will not be likely to swarm.

3. You can do either way, but you're likely to have so much
drone-comb with starters that it may be cheaper in the long run to
have frames entirely filled with foundation.

4. Yes, they will do nicely, giving you 2 stories of extracting-
combs for each of your 3 colonies.

5. No, you will probably find that the first thing the queen will
do will be to fill the frames with brood, giving way to honey later in
the season.

The following plan may be worth your consideration : When the
colonies become strong, but before any have swarmed (it may be well
to even up in strength by giving sealed brood from stronger to weaken
treat 3 of them after this fashion : Put the empty hive of foundation
in place of the old hive, put a queen-excluder on, and set over this the
old hive. Find the frame with the queen, and shake off bees and
queen at the entrance. Over this, for a third story, set a story of
brood from one of the other 3 hives, shaking the bees upon founda-
tion. The 3 colonies with the 2 stories of brood above the excluder
will become very strong, will not be likely to swarm, and will do floe
work for the extractor. The other 3 colonies will not be so strong,
but will do fair work in sections. It you would like the stronger
force to work on sections, you can make the exchange in 10 days or
so. Lift off the 2 stories of brood ; put in their place the sections,
bees and all, from one of the other hives; brush off all the bees from
the brood, and put the 2 stories of brood where you took the sections
from.

< ■ »

Surplus Combs for Hiving Bees

I have some surplus combs. Is it best to hive bees on these or on
foundations' I run for comb honey. Missouri.

Answer. — Some prefer foundation, but I think most bee-keepers
would rather hav«; the combs.

Rearlne Queens In Different Ways

How can I rear queens in different ways?

Wisconsin.

Answer. — I'm not sure that I know enough to tell you all the
different ways that are used to rear queens, but some of the ways
most in use are the Doolittle plan, the Alley plan, and the old plan of
making a colony queenless and allowing it to select its own larvie from
which to rear queens. Another way is to encourage a number of
afterswarms for the sake of securing a queen from each. Possibly I
don't get at the right drift of your question. If not, please ask again,
and I'll try my best.

Prevention of Swarming

I have been reading and studying your book, ■ 40 Years Amony
the Bees," all winter and hope to profit by it the coming summer. 1
have only recently become a subscriber to the American Bee Journal,
and so I don't know whether you have ever made any report in it as in
your success, or lack of it, in practicing your "foundation method '
of treating bees preparatory to swarming. I note that you say iu
your book that the first two years this method was successful, but in
1902 it was not so much so. How did the seasons of 1903 and I'Mi
serve you in this practice, or have you some better method now?

Massachtjsetts.

Answer.— I'm not sure that I gave the foundation plan any fur
ther trial, because, even it it did nearly always succeed, I'd rathei
have something always successful. During the past two years the fi ;
lowing plan has had the right of way :

As soon as there is danger that there may be preparation fi
swarming, the search every 10 days or so for queen-cells is begun, n
given in " Forty Years Among the Bees," page 184. When cells a.
sufficient in number, and sufficiently advanced, to show that the bet
are not to be balked in their attempt to swarm, the cells are destrovt
and the queen removed. About 10 days later all cells are ajju
destroyed and a young laying queen given. It she is found laying' a
right at the next visit there is no need to go into that colony ag.i

during the rest of the season. Sometimes a colony swarms unexpect-
edly during our absence, and at tne next visit we find that it has
swarmed by the absence of young brood, the clipped queen having
been lost. We destroy queen-cells, and at the next visit give it a
young queen, after killing all queen-cells. Sometimes we have no
young queen ready, in which case we give them back their old queen,
or any other queen available. If an old queen is given the colony
needs further watching, for although it generally does not swarm,
sometimes it does ; whereas when it receives a queen of the current
year's rearing, there is practically no danger.

Using Combs and Honey from Hives Where Bees Died

1. Will it do to put a nucleus in a hive where the bees died and
left considerable honey? And would it do to give this nucleus a
couple of frames of brood and bees from a strong colony to help build
the nucleus up, or would they fight and kill the queen'

West Virginia.

Answer. — The plan you propose will work all right if you do not
give too many strange bees at a time. Not that the bees are likely to
fight at this time of the year, but there might be danger to the queen
of the nucleus. Don't give more than one frame of brood with
adhering bees at a time, and even with all that number there might be
danger with a very weak nucleus. In that case, don't give the frame
of brood, but just shake in a few bees.

It is only fair to warn you that unless you have very strong colo-
nies from which to draw, the damage done to the colony from which
you draw will be likely to overbalance the benefit to the nucleus.

Breeding Queens of Different Races

I am interested in making some experiments in breeding queens of
different races. I expect to have queens of Carniolan, Cyprian and
Caucasian races the coming summer. Now I want to know what
would be the best method of managing the drones. I am going to
select a matlng-ground where I may be reasonably certain of immu-
nity from the races I do not want to cross with. I want to manage
this mating business so as not to be obliged to take u'hole colonita of
bees to the place. The queen-side of the proposition is, of course,
simple. I am going to use the " baby nuclei " for the queens.

My question is, can I trap out a sufficient number of drones and
unite them with the baby nuclei containing the queens to be fertil-
ized, and feel reasonably certain that I will succeed? Or would it be
a more certain method to take the drones of the race that I want to
use for crossing in a colony of that race? I want, as far as possible, to
keep from interfering with the work of whole colonies, and besides-
that, I want to handle the mating problem with my horse and buggy,
and not be bothered with a wagon.

This may seem a silly question to ask, but I want the benefit ot
your wisdom and ripe experience in these things, so that I may not
spoil the whole equipment at the very outset.

I put away 25 colonies last fall, and all came through nicely, and
are building up in good shape now (March 31 ). I followed your
advice given in " Forty Years,'' where you said that if you were as
good a bee-keeper as you would like to be you would have frames of
honey stored away for feeding in the spring. I had 50 or more fine,
straight combs of honey to slip in where they were needed this spring.
It is quite a satisfaction to be able to put them in, too.

Illinois.

Answer. — It's all very well for you to talk about my "ripe expe-
rience" and all that sort of thing, but when you come at me with a
question outside the range ot any experience of mine, either ripe or
green, what is left for me but to say, " I don't know?" I can only
say what I do or don't think. I don't think you will make so good a
success with drones in baby nuclei as in full colonies; but it will be so
much easier to manage with the nuclei that I believe I would run the
risk of a larger percent of failures and not have the bother of the full
colonies. At least you can afford to make trial at first with the
"babies," and if they don't work satisfactorily you will still have
enough of the season left to do the other way. On the face of it, one
would be inclined to think there could be no question in the case, the
nuclei are queenless, and queenless bees cherish drones, so drones in
the nuclei must be all right. But exceptions occur sometimes in
weak nuclei. For instance, queenless bees, if they build comb at all,
build only drone-comb. Yet a queenless nucleus will build worker-
comb (/'Me«A- oioHjr/f. So unless some one has tried it and knows, I
should have just a little fear that a nucleus might kill off its drones if
weak enough. Trial, however, may show that there is no ground for
the fear. Let us hope so. In any case it will do no harm to make the
nuclei just a little stronger than is necessary without any drones.

A Queen-Bee Free as a Ppemlum.— We are now
booking orders for untested Italian queens to be delivered,
in May or June. Tiiis is the premium offer : To a sub-
scriber whose own subscription to the American Bee Jour-
nal is paid at least to the end of 1905, we will give an un-
tested Italian queen for sending us one new subscription with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to
get new subscribers. IE you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us kijow how many you want
and we will mail them to you. Address all orders to the
oflSce of the American Bee Journ .1.

314

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 27, 1905.

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

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Dovetailed bives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
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If you want the Bee-Book

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send $1.20 to

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FOK HIS

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Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

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Reports anb
(Experiences

Fastening Transferred Comb in
Frames

In a recent issue of this Journal directions
are given for fastening combs in the frames
when transferring, by winding strings around
the frames and combs. I like the plan of
using splints a little longer than the depth of
the frame— splints made from straight-grained
wood that will split readily, they being about
I4 inch wide and '« inch thick. Place as
many slicks on a smooth board as will be
needed to hold the comb in place. Lay the
frame on top of the sticks, then lay the pieces
of comb on the splints, placing other splints
opposite the splints under the comb; tie each
pair together at the ends outside of frames,
the lower end to project as little as possible.
When the bees have fastened the comb to the
frame and the pieces of comb together, cut
the strings at the upper end and work the
splints out. Wm. Clark.

Livingstone Co., N. Y., April 11.

New Mexico Foul-Brood Law-
Honey Prospects

A foul brood Bill has just been passed by
the New Mexico Legislature and is now a
law. While it lacks much of what we desired
it is a public recognition of the bee-keeping
industry and a big step ahead of no law at alL

Section 1 provides that all bees, hives and
fixtures be kept properly disinfected and free
from foul brood and contagious diseases.

Section 2 makes it a misdemeanor to keep
bees or fixtures infected with foul brood or
contagious diseases, and imposes a fine of not
less than SIO nor more than $50, or 30 days in

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" The KiNU of IVruUrj. "^ Large
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25th year. H. H. FLICK,
MANCHESTER. MP.

March 1st to AprillSth

2 percent Discount.

Dovetailed Hives from Michig-an White Pine,
$1.25 each, li^-story for comb honey. Address,

The Wood Bee-Hive and Box Go.

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?lease mention Bae Journal vnen wntina

FOR SALE

Tbe apiary of the late Charles B. Achard^ is
for sale in Roselle, Do Pag-e Co., 111. It con-
laias 11 colonies, 30 complete Danzenbaker
bives (15 of them unused), tools, sections, foun-
dation, etc Inquire of

M15S A. m. ACHARD, Roselle, III.

13A6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

QUEENS~

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease for
— Uutested Queens, early in May. 75 cts.; 2-
frame Nncleus, with Queen, $2.25. Eight years*
experience.

Chesley Presswood,

Mcdonald, Bradley Co., TENN.
14A4t-18E2t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltine advertisers.

4

April 27, 1905.

IHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

315

the county jail, or both fine and imprison-
ment for the violation of this Act.

Section 3 provides that when any compe-
tent person makes a written complaint before
a Justice of the Peace where foul brood ex-
ists, the Justice of the Peace shall issue a war-
rant for the arrest of the offender and try the
case in the usual manner.

Section 4 states that upon conviction the
Justice of the Peace shall declare all bees,
hives and fixtures infected to be a nuisance,
and issue a writ to the constable or sheriff for
the iuimediate destruction of the same by
burning.

Section h provides that Justices of the
Peace shall have all jurisdiction under this
Act, and that costs be assessed as now pro-
vided by law.

In Northwest New Mexico rains have been
abundant and prospects for bee-pasture are the
best. Alfalfa, sweet clover, and cleome, our
main dependents, cin hardly be failures under
the conditions. The coldest weather was 1 de-
gree above zero, and the bees have had about
the usual number of winter flights. Bees
with stores and free from foul brood are in
fine shape now. A few colonies were lost
through starvation, on account of poor condi-
tions last year.

The dearth of honey last season because of
the weakness of the bees when the harvest
did arrive, will have a tendency to boost the
price this year.

A railroad now in process of construction
to this country will open up new markets,
give us a way to reach them, remove many of
the disadvantages in securing supplies, and
promote a big increase in orchards, small
fruit, ranches and alfalfa fields. Hauling
honey or supplies to or from a railroad station
50 miles distant, over rough mountain roads,
would cause many of our eastern friends to
quit the business. It isn't a snap. With
sugar way above the -^r mark at wholesale,
and choice comb honey retailing at 8}- cents,
we are in no danger of being persuaded to
feed our bees sugar; so they will manufacture
unatt iiltirnted honey for our customers. Cle-
ome and alfalfa are hard to beat, but if we
could induce our bees to mis in some of New
Mexico's glorious sunshine, you bee-men of
the land of fogs would be left as badly in the
cold as you were this winter.

W. A. Ballingkr.

.San Juan Co.. X. Mex., March 18.

Swarming— Wasp's Nest in a Bee-
Hive

My bees commenced swarming last season
June 5, and cast 3 swarms each. I have four
colonies, 2 of which I wintered on the summer
stands, and the other 2 in the house, and all
are doing well. One of those inside has built
3 square inches of comb.

I have been experimenting for the past
year, and find that when a colony of bees
robs another colony they unite, and when a

1

TELEPHONES

For Farmers

The man who wants to know
ALL about telephones for fai-m
era should send for free book
F- 80, " Telephone Facta for
Farmers." Address nearest office

8trombere-Carl«on Tel. Co.
Rochester, N. V.. Chk-a^o. III.

Please mention Bee Joumai -wiieii wntinfr

lO CENTS a YEAR.

TVi« MAGAZINE, largest,

I IIP* brightest and finest

1 IIU Illustratbd Maga-

zine in the world for
10c a year, to intro-
duce It ONLY.
It Is bright and op-
lo-date. Tells all about Southern Home Life.
It is full of fine engravings of grand scenery,
mildiogs and famous people. Send at once.
.Oc a year, postpaid, anywhere in the U.S., Can-
ada and Mexico. Six years, 50c Or, clubs of
6 names, 50c; 12 for $1. Send us a club. Monev
back i f not delighted. Stamps taken. Cut this
out.' Send to-day. THE dIxIE HOME,
t4A48t No. 75, Birmingham, Alabama.

Dixl6 Home

< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder

BEE-SUPPLIES

m

■;♦.■> ill*

Root's Goods at Root's rnces I

#

Everything used by Bee Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .•. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every
shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw
the offer. j4ii&

WALTER S. rOUDER,

46

#

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND

ji-te: :^ jfe pjL i*-, i^t ^ iife i*i i^ i'^ i<fc t*i i& ite jite i»i i*i ift ife aji ift j*- ji«i jj- jte

c'iedio ineiiuoa Bee ..acniai ■ween wntj^r^

QUEENS

IjrrQ A big stock ready to
DC to GO NOW

We wish to say that we are now loaded with a big stock of Pine Bees and Hueens
ready to mail now; no delay; send for what you need at once.

We breed the 'A and 5 banded Italians, Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands, and Albinos,
in their purity, in separate yards from 5 to 30 miles apart.

Tested queens, si. 35 each ; Breeders, ?3 to $5 each. Untested, from either race, '5 cts. ;
6 for $4, or $7.50 per dozen.

Full colonies, 1, 3 and 3 frame Nuclei cheaper than you ever bought good stools for be-
fore. No better to be had. Write for price-list PRKE.

Safe arrival and perfect satisfaction guaranteed or your money returned. Prices of
Queens to dealers, or in large lots on application.

We can sell you BEE-HIVES of yellow pine at about half the cost of white pine goods.
Get our prices before vou buy.

THE BEE AND HONEY CO ,

W. Atchley, M^r.
l4Atf BEB-VILIjEJ, BE3E3 CO., TB32CA.S.

Please mention Bee Jonrri^l ^vheu •vrc\tji&

0 Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Prlce-List.

I oi;rH:I"VES aimd SEOTION'S
0 Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

O By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and

g secure prompt shipment.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wls. u.s.a

•^^

87 \ Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

E.^CH PowcY Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may liold a policy and BOND.
General. aiii' special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

Please Menu do the American Bee Journal Id'vSrtff

316

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 27. 1905

Diumer's Foundation is M B6si.

Send for Catalog^, Samples and Disconuts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax iato Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Diltmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

B66"SUDDll6§!

Discount for Earlij Orders

We carry a large stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,Neo.; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluflfs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H MJjrsfam^r. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

W/AMXPr> Man of 15 years' experience
W /\1^ I L^Lr ^ants position as apiarist.
Would take charge of an apiary on shares also.
My method of handling tees is perfect, and can
make my own hives- Address,
16A2t HARRY CONLEV. Corning, Ark.

Please mentloii Bee jonmaj wnen wntmfi

Enyart's Comb-Foundation Gauge

Gauges IS different shapes of starters. Easy
to cut 100 starters per minute. Illustrated cir-
cular free. J. E ENVART & SON,

16A4t McFall, Mo.

^'loase mention bee journal -wnen writuift

GOOD DISCOUNTS ON EARLY ORDERS

MUTH SPECIAL HIVE

THE BEST DOVE TAIL MADE

SEND FOR CATALOG.

WE ARE ALWAYS IN THE MARKET TO BUY HON EY --SU BM IT PRICE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

51 WALNUT STREET,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

^ We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.

THE HARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., riarshlleld. Wis.

ncastj luunuou liwts jroumai wlien wntrng

NORRIS & ANSPACH
LEWIS' GOODS IN KENTON

OHIO

We handle a most complete line of G. B. Lewis
Go's goods at tbeir regular factory prices. Dove-
tailed HIVES. SECTIONS (all kinds),
SMOKERS. VEILS-in tact everything for
the bee-keeper. Send H'cents for B-PRANKS,
an amusing and instructive little pamf.'blet, or,
it will be sent free for Ihe names and addieeses
of 6 bee Ifeepers.

Lewis Makes the Finest Supplies —
We Sell Them.

Wholesale and Retail. Send for Catalog.
l3Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

natural swarm flies over the land they go like
a flying martin. I lost 2 swarms last year,
and one the year before. Last year 2 that left
returned, and one of them tried to go into the
hive from which I had lost a swarm. It
seemed to know where it belonged.

One day my father found a swarm of bees
on a bush, hived them, and took them home.
I went back with a box to get the bees that
were left. Father said they would do noth-
ing without a queen, so I got a wasp's-nest
and put it in with my bees, and waited until
they hatched out, then I called papa, but he
hardly thought they were the right kind of
■' queens," so 1 quit.

I think I heard my papa say when I was a
little boy that I had a great-uncle named Dr.
C. C. Miller, who was a mighty bee-keeper.
James L. "A. Miller.

Gasconade Co., Mo., March 14.

Small Winter Loss— Good Prospects

Though we have had one of the most severe
winters since 18S0-S1, I lost only one colony
and had 3 queenless out of 39, and I had
them all on the summer stands except 13,
which I have at my home in town. They
were in a basement lor about 3 weeks in Feb-
ruary, but those on my farm were on the sum-
mer stands throughout the winter. I looked
them over about 3 weeks ago, and find they
have plenty of stores.

This is about the nicest month of March we
ever had. The wheat and grass are looking
hne, and there is a good prospect for another
good crop of honey. I led my bees well last
September, and now they are very strong.
L. A. Hammond.

Washington Co., Md., March 27,

H0NEY-JAR5. II

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross in case complete
in 5-gross lots, $4,00 per gross; less quaniities,
$4.50 per gross, f o,b. New York, If you want
to secure some, let us know at once,

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 A, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please jientlon ttte Bee Journal.

Please mertloil BeeJJoumal
when writing Advertlsers.n

Bees Wintered Well

The bees having wintered well packed in
oats in winter cases, began to bring in some
pollen to-day, and on examination 1 found
some had larvse already, I do not believe I
will ever try another way to winter bees th^
by packing the hives in winter-cases, in chaff,
oats, or similar material.

1 read the American Bee Journal with
great pleasure and profit. There has been
practically nothing in it, the smallest letter
not excepted, that has not taught me some-
thing. It is not only instructive, but is also
inspFring and encouraging to one's advance-
ment in bee culture. 1 believe that with its
help I shall make a success in bee-keeping.
(Rev.) J. G. Baermann.

Osceola Co., lowa, March 31,

Select To ted Queens— Carniolans,
Italians and Blacks

In 1902 1 bought a select- tested Italian queen,
I could not wish for better-marked drones,
but the workers vary from one to 3 bands.
She could not have been purely mated. Her
daughter in the old hive mated with a drone
from the old hive— in fact there were no other
drones but black ones to mate with. This

DON'T BE BOTHERED

iwith lice on v.oiiltrv, 8chlld*i« Llgrht-

nliie Lice Killing Machine inBtant-
IV reraovea them from tiniest chick
oV tat frobhler. 3 sizes. Also Poultry
Bits. Lice Murder, Ltprhtninsr Lioe
KilUncr Pow.ler. etc. Cutalopr free.

CHvVKLES SCIIII-O CO..
'SOl Detroit St. ClcveUud, O.

Il'ORMAS

Incubators
& Brooders

Low In price. Fully guaranteed, Q || SfDll f

Send for free catalogue. | for

BtHTA MFG. CO., LIGONIER, INDUNil. FrMC>ttlO( •

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.:- \^

Try Taylor's 3 banded leather-colored and S-
banded Golden Queens— the best honeygather-
erers in America. Untested, 75c each, or f8 per
dozen; tested, $1, or SIO per dozen; select tested,
$1.50 each; breeders, the best, $3 each, I have
been breeding queens for 17 years, and I know
what a good queen is. No small queens sent
out. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. VV. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

l6Atf Please mention the uee Joninal.

April 27, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

317

u

DADMT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EX:OELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

0#i^Hife

^ « BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
stroctible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Alf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

jyJ.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal wheu -orritlng.

OoldenQueensanflBees

Readj June 1. Hustlers for honey; very gen-
tle, oon-swarming". Price-list now ready — also
an Spage leaflet on queen- rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee Jonmal -when wriUna

12

.80 For
200 Egq
INCUBATOR

Perfect In constraction ana
utiun. liatches ever; fertile
egg. Write for catalog t«Hlaj ^^

GEO. H. STAHL, Qutncy. III.

Please mention Bee Journal wnen "writinp.

Tested Queens by Return Mall,
—$1.00 Each—

We have a large number of Choice Tested
Queens, reared last September and October, and
wintered in 4frame nuclei; these queens are
vigorous and prolific, and of our fine strain of
Three Band Italians. Just the queens to build
up weak colonies. Try them. Send for circular.

,,, ^ J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

IjAti LoREAVViLLE, Iberia Par., La.

queen's drones are half black. In the spring
of 1904 the select queen ceased to lay,
and the colonv dwindled to nothing:, so I lost
it, with 0%-er 25 pounds of sealed honey in the
hive. I never have had one pound of honey
in the sections from those Italians until last
summer, when s sections were filled by a
prime swarm which issued June 30.

I have had 2 second swarms leave for the
woods, one in IfllH and another in 1904. I
have one colony of Italians now, and the
queen is the daughter of the select-tested
queen.

I think a tested queen should breed both
workers and drones so that all should be
marked alike. I don't see how breeders get
so many different f^^rades from one breeding
queen. As I look at it there are but two
grades, one must lie pure, and the other
impure.

After testing the queen from Breeder No. 1
I bought three queens from Breeder No. 2.
The drones froui J of those queens had 3
bands, one baviiij,' a few darker drones, but
the workers from nil 3 were well marked.
Those 3 queens were superseded in the spring
of 1904. I bought them in August. 1902.
The young queens in the 3 hives where the
supersedures took place are truly mated with
Carniolan drones, but the daughter from the
mother that produced drones is half black.

I have 4 young i aruiolan queens that breed
3-banded drones. I supposed the queens
were Italians, hat «as told after I bought
them that they were Carniolans. I had heard
that they were griat swarmers, so I bought
lumber and made ir> hives, 17x11 inches deep,
with 8 frames. I i^uve had those bees two
seasons, but have Pit had a swarm from them
yet. These are tile colonies that gave me my
surplus honey, all No. 1 white. They are
peaceable, and I cu n walk or stay any length
of time about the L \a without getting stung.

I put 2" sections >a each of 3 hives — two
Carniolans and one olack. I set the sections
on the honey-boa with 3t^-inch slat-fence
between sections. y June 20 the Carniolans
had their seetioii> ed, and the blacks a few
days later. I iK' -^aw that I had made a

ITA.LiIA.N-

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $1.10

One tested queen 1.65

One select tested queen . . 2.20

One breeding queen 3.30

One comb nucleus (no
queeni 1.80

Untested ready in May; all
others ready now from last
season's rearing.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. I^. i$'rK<»:>[<j.
204 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jomraal.

DAVENPORT,

IOWA.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

G. B. Lewis Go's B-WARE,
Dadant's Foundation.

We can serve you quick and save you
freight and express charges. Send us
your BEESWAX in exchange for other
goods. Send for our Catalog.

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS.

Wh Sbll root's Goods in Michiqan

Let ns quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. BeeswHX Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Bs&ncb, Watne Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Journal
when vritlng advertisers.

318

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April

190S.

mistake. How was I to take oS those sec-
tions without getting stung? They were
across the hive, with glass front and back.
My folks kept asking me when I was going
to take the honey oft, expecting to see a fra-
cas, and I expected the same. I got to work
and removed one light of glass. No fight. I
lifted one section with my knife, and with a
turkey-wing feather I brushed the bees off en
the front of the hive. I removed every sec-
tion in this way, but in taking off the last a
sections I struck the one 1 had in my hand
against another, and was stung.

From the other Carniolan colony I had
been taking out brood for queen-rearing, so
on its hive I put 6 sections crosswise of the
hive, with two lights of glass. Inside of a
week those 6 sections were plump full of bees
working on the strips of foundation. So I
made a super with 9 frames holding 3 sections
each, had 2 frames to put those 6 sections in
and removed the glass, picked up the 6 sec-
tions and bees, placed them in the frames,
and hung the frames in the super. Not a
bee tried to sting— they were too much
engaged in comb-building. Every time I
took off sections from the black colony I got
stung.

We had white clover from- June 15 up to
the 1st of September. I saw one lonely black
bee gathering from it. The blossoms were
plentiful on the roadsides, in the fields, and
anywhere one might look for it. The bass-
wood yield was good. In a big basswood
tree near by bees could be seen going home
after sundown. We could see the nectar in
the blossoms, and I should judge that one
flower's nectar would be all that a bee could
take in one load.

I have 5 Carniolan colonies, 1 Italian, and 3
blacks. I have not lost any yet this winter.

E. Tucker.

Genessee Co., N. Y., March 7.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Connecticut.— The 14th annnal spring meet-
ing of the Connecticut Bee-Keepers" Associa-
tion will be held in Room 50 of the Capitol, in
Hartford, Tuesday, May 2, 1905.

Mfs. Edwin E. Smith, Sec.

Watertown, Conn.

New York.— The annual spring meeting of
the Fulton and Montgomery Counties Bje-
Keepers' Society will be held in Amsterdam,
N. Y., at ihe Central Hotel, on Tuesday, May 2,
190S, at 10 o'clock a.m. All are invited.

West Gal way. N. Y. T. I. Dugdale, Sec.

Next National Convention at San Antonio,

Texas.— For years Texas has been askii g that
the National Bee. Keepers' Association hold its
convention within her borders, but there has
always seemed to be some reason why the meet-
ing should be elsewhere. There is now no rea-
son why it should not be held in Texas this
year, if it is ever to be held there. Texas is the
largest state in tbe Union, and stands at least
second, if not first, in honey-production, while
she has a good list of members in the National
Association. Considering all of these facts the
Executive Committee has decided upon Sao An-
tonio as the place fur holding the next conven-
tion. The exact date has not yet been decided
upon, but it will probably be the latter part of
October, after the busy season is over with the
bees, when the weather is comfortable, even in
the South, and when cheap excursion rates can
be secured. W. Z. Ht^tchinson, Sec

%'^i§k%. BROWN LEGHORNS

Noted Winter-Laying Strain. Cockerel Ma-
tine, headed bv Rochester Prize-Winner; Eggs,
$2.00 per 13. Pullet Mating, headed by pnllet
line; pedigreed; E.xmoor males. $2 50 per 15.
Flock on range, headed uy 2d Wis. State Fair
winner, and others of equal quality, $1.00 per
IS. Hens in all pens result of 15 years' scientific
breeding.

Single Comb Bu£E Orpingtons. The grand
new breed. No better quality in existence. $2 00
per 15 eggs.

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. Hens up to 23
ponnds each. Not inbred. Eggs $2.50 per 19;
25 for $5 00.

MRS. MILLIE ttONflKER, Viroqua, Wis.

lS-17-18A3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

York Honey

AND BEE
-SUPPLY

Co,

I Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

141 & 143

Ontario Street,

CHICAGO,

ILL.

5 short city blocks north

of the C. & N.W. R R.

passenger station.

H. M. Arnd, Manager.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

LEWIS' GOODS IN CHICAGO.

Best and most direct Shipping Point
in the World.

We have on hand a large stock of

Lewis' PopalarBee-Sopplles

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases —

everything used by the practical, up-to-date bee-
keeper.

Catalog- aad prices on Honey on application.
If you want <]iood Uoods at Factory Prices and

Prompt Shipment, send your orderE, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking
Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

Southwestern Bee-keepers
SAVE MONEY

See our prices on all BEE-KEEPERS' SUP-
PLIES before yon bny. send for Catalog. We
carry a full and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HONEY-CANS AND FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co in Texas
as their sole and exclusive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant & Sons' world-
famous Comb Fuundaiion exclusively. Get our
prices before t^uving.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quantity at all heasons of the year.
Let us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Bought and sold. We will buy your honey-
crop, and we especially want your beeswax at
highest market prices.

THE GRAHAM-HTDE BEE CO.,

iD'.n

(H. H. Hyde, Successor)

SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS.

M SJB8.t tS oi Q taojj HSBI pay
5 JtlQ Of) iBAajji I

a

VIRGIWIA QUEENS IfrJolT.irjl^ri

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; alter June IS, tiOo; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
17A2it Fredericksburg, Va.

On6-Pi6C6 Sections

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

COLUMBm MFG. CO. ""Jll'-

For Qoeens

■ ^ 2

^ -z: otJe«
S "

'^ « « rat'llI8J9,>9a,

OxisviLLK, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3yearf. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

SEND TO

JOHN W PHARR

Bercialr. Tex.

He will furnish at sanae prices as last year :
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
S6; 15 for S8.25; 25 for $12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 31.) 6Atf

^W Full information regarding all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Best goods. Latest im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hivea and Fixtures-
Prompt shipments. John Nbbel & Son Sopplt
Co.. High Hill, Mo, 3Dtf

BEES in shipping'-boxes
on 1.. or Danz. frames
ready to ship novr. State
kind, price, safe arrival guaranteed. Address,
J. B. MA80N.
17A.tf Mechanic Falls, Maine.

B66-K66DGrs' SoDDlIes.

Send for Catalog*.

Leahu Mtg. Go., East St. Louis, Ills.

2 A16t Please mention the Bee J oarnal.

lO-PaSe Catalog Free!

Wanted

I

April 27. 19(S.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

319

B66SUPPII6S I

Guaranteed Superiorim ! 9

L0W6sRric6S I

We have been making Bee-
Hlves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The AmerlcanBee Keeper

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, bnying or selling, consuU

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 SOUTH Watbr ST. Chicago. III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one piece Sections, Comb Foaadatioo,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Pees and Qofens for sale
in season. A. W. SWAJ & CO., Centralia, Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

ZTGRAPE VINES

69 y siietlc*. Al»o 8in«U FrultK, Trees, ^c Beat root*

ed stock Genuine, cheap. 2 sample Tines mailed for lOc.
Descriptive price-liBt free. LEWIS ROESCH.fREDONIA.N.T.

STANDARD

j Poultry AND

} R^f^ SUPPLIES

1

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS: BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiHSDO, OI€IO.

tr

COMPLETE STOCK FOR 1905 NOW ON HAND.
FREIGHT RATES FROM CINCINNATI ARE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.
Send for same.
Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by
ordering now.
Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

t!W For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER -r

Office «nd Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central A»e. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

V

Chicago, April 1«.— A carload of comb honey,
(said to be from Colorado! came on the market
about the first of the month. It was placed with
a firm that does not make a specially of honey,
and to some extent has npset prices when
looked at In print. It is pat np in 24 section flat
cases with wood slides instead of g ass, and Is
more or less candied. Choice white comb brings
UHc; No. 1, ll@12c; amber, 8@10c. Extracted,
while, 6@7c; amber, S>i@65<c; price being gov-
erned by quality, flavor and package. Beeswax
30c if clean and of good color.

R. A. BURWBTT & Co.

Cincinnati, April 20.— The conditions of the
honey market to day are not encouraging. The
consumption is lacking, although we are look-
ing forward lo brighter days in the honey mar-
ket. We continue to quote amber e-xtracted in
barrels and cans, S'A(0bH cents; white clover,
"@8c. Fancy white comb honey, 12@l3c. Bees-
wax, 28c. ThkFred W.ivlnTH Co.

New York, April 10.— There is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only. Beeswax tirm at 30c.

HiLDRBTH & SBOBLKBN.

PHrLADBLPHiA, April 19.— There has not been
much call for honey in the last two weeks. Pri-
ces remain unchanged. We quote: Fancy
white, ll@l2c; No. 1, 10@llc; amber, 9c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6(S To; amber, 5)i@6c. Beeswax,
2s cents.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Boston, March '.—The demand for comb
honey still continues light with heavy stocks
on hand Fancy w^nite, 15@16c: No. 1, 14c. Ex-
tracted, 6@8c according to quality.

Blake, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, March 31.— The honey situa-
tion does not imprDve. White there is a little
better movement ^Ue prices seem lo be lower.
Fancy white brio^s $2 a case; No. 1, $1.75; am-
ber and lower gr ies from $1.25 to »1.50. Ex-
tracted, 4X@6c. > j^swax, »!c.

C. C. Clbmons i Co.

CrNCINHATI, 0.,

comb honey, yet .
mind caused low'_
while at I2c; othe
Extracted is in thj
of the year; quot;
In cans. He mere
Beeswax, 28c.

> oril 18.— The large stock of
ueredwith hardly any de-
prices. I quote fancy water
rades in proportion, lower,
usual demand for this time
Iberia barrels at Sii(g>S%c;
white clover, from 7(5i8c.
C. H. W. Wbbbs.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or grannlates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12(a»13c;
mixed, 10(ailc; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand; Buckwheat, 6@6Hc; white,
6@6Hc. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, April 12.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber,8«10c. Extracted
white, 5)4@6 cents; light amber, 4@5c; am
ber, 3@>43c; dark amber, 2M@3c. Beeswax
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Stocks on the local market are not heavy and
mostly common amber grades. The demand is
slow. The new season being near, handlers arc
awaiting arrivals of new crop, which are ex-
pected to put in an appearance early in May.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Fere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GeORGE E. HILTON,

ISAUt FREMONT, MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal "wnen wntinK

With tears of sweetest joy.
That nothing- can alloy,
I arise to say that
(Excnse this shabby hal)

DOOLITTLE

Has worked so very hard
That he has got a " pard "
To help him with his bees.
And if you wish to please

yourself and us, send for
a circular giving particu-
lars regard'oe our fine
ITALIAN QUEENS.

Prices for Queens this
season will be as follows:
1 3

Untested $1.00 $2.25

> Tested ].25 3.00

Select Tested .. 1.50 4 00
Select Tested
11904 rearing) .. 2.50 ....
Select Breeding 5.00 ....
Extra Select

Breeding 10.00 ...

Prices quoted by the
|dczen or hundred.

Dooltttle S Clark,

llDtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

mease meat on Be« JonmAl ^?nen wntma.

320

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 27, 1905.

"There's no use crying over spilt sections."
You won't have to if they are

LEWIS' SECTIONS

mm

You are not taking chances when you order Lewis' Sections.
Our name is on every crate.

mm

These are Lewis' Sections. Aren't they Beauties ?
Read what others say about them :

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. Deerfield, Iowa.

Gentlemen : — I want to say that I consider your make
of sections the cearest perfect of any I have ever had. I
have folded packages of SOO without breaking one and I can-
not say that of others I have used.

Yours truly, GEO. Brown.

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. Centralia, Kas.

Gentlemen : — Everybody wants Lewis' sections.

Yours truly, A. W. Swan.

G. B. Lewis Co.
Gentlemen :

Grand View, Iowa, June 3, 1904.
Watertown, Wis.
-I have received those sections in good

shape and I am well pleased with same. They are all right
in every way. I shall recommend your bee-supplies to other
bee-keepers. I think you make better goods than any other
firm in the world. Accept my thanks.

Yours truly, Geo. B. McDaniels.

Kenton, Ohio, May 4, 1904.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen : — The goods are simply fine in every re-
spect. We have compared a few of the No. 1 sections
bought of another firm which we carried over from last sea-
son with your No. 2 and find that the No. 2 are superior.
Yours truly, Norris & Anspach.

Lewis' Sections have made the Lewis Co. famous. They are for sale all over

the world.
Send for free Catalog of 88 pages.

G.B. LEWIS CO. Jiisss. Watertown,Wls.

y

a\nertca/7

3ec3oiffTiol

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 4, 1905

No. 18

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY

(See pag'e324.j

4^)

otucE AND WORKS OF THE A. I. KiioT CO. A. I. ROOT, President

(Three enfiraTings below used \>y courtesy " TiVhite's Clas3 Advertisinu.")

#

mr

Ernest R. Root,

Vice-President

Arthur L. Boydbn,
Secretary

John T. Calvert,
Treaenrer

^^•f)'f)'(f-(f-f)Hf-f)-(f-^'^f>f)-f)"^-^-(f-f)"^'"(f''^^

322

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4, 19C'S

Every
^Bee-Keeper^

Or Prospective Bee-Keeper

should read Gleanings in Bee Cdi,-
TDRE. It gives you the latest in the
apicultural world. If you have honey
and wax for sale it tells you the mar-
ket prices. If you have troublesome
questions to solve, it helps you. The
very best bee-keepers write for it. The
following- noted writers contribute reg-
ularly :

C. C. MILLER,

Of Illinois.

G. M. DOOLITTLE,
0£ New York.

/. A. GREEN,

Of Colorado.

LOUIS SCHOLL,

Of Texas.

PROF. A. J. COOK,
Of California.

Semi - monthly. Over a thousand
pages annually. Illustrated fully with
the finest half-tones, printed on the
best paper. It has the largest circula-
tion of any bee-paper in the world.
$1.00 a year. Sample copy free.

TRIAL OFFER !

Gleaniags in Bee Culture,
6 mouths, 25c.

We are certain that any one inter-
ested in bees would be greatly benefited
by becoming a subscriber to Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture. We want you
to give it a trial. After you have re-
ceived a few numbers we are sure you
will become a permanent subscriber.
We therefore make a special trial offer
of 6 months for 25c. Fill in your name
in space below, remit 25 cents, and the
paper will begin at once.

enclosed ffnd 25 cents, for wJiicb
send me Gleaning-s iti Bee Cul-
ture G znoJitJiB,

NAME . . .

P. 0

CeUNTY.
STATE...

Root's Goods in Chicago.

For the saving of freight for our
western trade, as well as to give much
quicker delivery, we opened a branch
office in Chicago, Oct. 1, 1903. The
following taken from our catalog of
last year, explains' the transfer then
made :

The business for many years conducted by
George W. York & Co., at 144 E. Erie Street,
as agent for The A . 1. Root Company's sup-
plies, is this day transferred to The A. 1. Root
Company, to be conducted as a branch office.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion
in our work. The A. I. Root Co.

October 1, 1903.

To Our Customers and Friends :

In transferring back to The A. I. Root
Company the bee-supply business, which we
took over from them some years ago, we do so
with regret, as we have labored hard to build
up a large and honorable trade in bee-appli-
ances, and value beyond expression the valua-
ble patronage accorded us during the years.

We trust the same will be continued to our
successors in the business.

George W. Tobk & Co.
Chicago, 111., Oct. 1, 1903.

The conveniences offered by the
branch office were evidently apprecia-
ted by the bee-keepers of Illinois, Wis-
consin, and other States beyond, for
the business done by the branch was
much beyond our expectations. Dur-
ing the rush season — April, May and
June — orders came in so fast that, in
spite of frequent orders to the factory
for another car of goods, the stock ran
low, and some delays and annoyances
thereby were caused. Some little con-
fusion because of change of name and
manner of conducting the business
(from agency to branch office), but these
have all been overcome. We are bet-
ter than ever prepared to handle your
business carefully and promptly, and
solicit your patronage.

Low Freight and Quick
Delivery.

A glance at any railroad map will
show the superiority of Chicago as a
shipping-point. Because of the great
number of railroad and steamboat lines
centering in Chicago, and the large
stock of goods we carry, we can give
you the best of service. This office is
in constant touch with the factory and
home office, and in many cases can
give your order quicker attention and
earlier shipment than the factory, to
say nothing about the saving in time
and transit and lower transportation
charges.

Wholesale and Retail.

We are prepared to furnish goods at
wholesale and retail, the same as the
home office.

Terms.

Our terms are cash with the order.
We pay cash for material, and pay our

helpers cash every week for their work;
therefore we must have cash in ad-
vance for the goods furnished. Do not
ask for credit;

Beeswax Wanted.

We are in the market for good bees-
wax the entire year, and pay the same
prices as quoted by our home office in
each issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture. Send your wax direct to us for
cash or in exchange for supplies.

Extracted Honey.

In the course of a year we use large
quantities of extracted honey, and are
pleased to get sample and prices from
parties who have honey to exchange
for supplies. We are also prepared at
all times to furnish first-class honey to
any one who is in need of same, either
bee-keepers who have a demand for
more than they can furnish, or from
dealers. Get our prices before you
place your orders elsewhere.

DANZENBAKER HIVE.

"Facts A1>oiit Bees", a 64-page book written by Mr. F. Danzenbaker, giving a
complete description of his famous hive and directions for using. Full of valuable informa-
tion. Sent on receipt of a 2-cent stamp to pay the postage. Send tor it.

f^ Danzenbaker Hive

THE COMB-HONEY HIVE.
Three Points of Exeellenee :

QUALITY

You can produce better-looking honey.

QUANTITY

You can produce more of it.

PRICE

You can g-et more per pound for it.

SFB2CIA.IJ N-OTIOH3.

The great popularity of the Danzenbaker hive has brong^ht the shallow-brood-frame and the
tall plain eections into prominence. It mnst be remembered that no other hive contains the essen-
tial features of the Danzenbaker. The success of this system depends on having everything just
RIGHT, so jou should placc jour Order for the Dauzenbaket hiTC wlth our office, or any of our
branches or regular agents.

Address all Orders, Remittances, Inquiries^ etc., to

THE A. I. ROOT CO., 144 East Erie Street, Chicago/Ill.

(S&e,&4S&&&&&&'&&&&^'&^^^^^S^^S&&&&&e4S'.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&i

'1861 ^^

^ERICA^

Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter
Published ^Veekly at 81.00 a Tear by Oeorge YT. York &■ Co., 334 Uearborn St.

^CJ!^T ^^^''

QBORaB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY 4, 1905

VoLXLV.— No,18

=\

(£bitoriaI Hotes
a\\i> (Eommcnts

J

The Honey -Producers' League

Many of those who have become members of this new organiza-
tion of bee-l<eepers have added encouraging words when sending in
Iheir dues. Some of them read as follows :

I thiol; this scheme of adTertising honey is a grand step.— R. S.
Chapin, of .Michigan.

I believe the League is the proper thing, and is going at it in the
right way.— E. A. Donet, of Iowa.

The Honey- Producers' League meets with my hearty approval. I
will do what I can to help it along.— J. A. Greek, of Colorado.

I think the League, if conducted rightly, will be of more benefit
to bee-keepers than any other organization yet started.— Geo. E.
Goodwin, of Michigan.

I welcome The Honey-Producers' League with pleasure. I think
it. is one of the best movements ever made for the apiarists of the
United States, as advertising is an absolute necessity it we expect to
keep abreast of the times.— C. H. Harlan, of Minnesota.

It seems to me every person that produces honey to sell should
become a member of the League. If the League should raise the price
of honey only one cent a pound, or even a halt cent, I shall think 1
made a first-class investment when I became a member of the League.
— D. I. Wagar, of Michigan.

If those interested will fall in line so as to secure enough money
to push the advertising, there is no doubt but what great good will
result. We know it to be a fact that the masses do not buy honey,
because it is not brought to their attention. Other things are pushed
so hard— brought to their attention continuously by the various
methods of advertising — that honey is crowded to the background and
forgotten. Even if the groceryman has a nice line of honey in a very
prominent position in his store, sales are not what they should be on
account of his customers calling at the store so seldom (where they
could see the honey), the majority of orders from groceries being
either taken by 'phone or the grocery solicitor, who probably seldom
mentions honey. This is especially so in the larger towns and citit;,.—
A. G. Woodman, of Michigan.

With such hopeful expressions, it seems that there should he no
delay in lengthening the League's membership list. It will take a
good deal of money to advertise honey efficiently. If it can not be
done on a large enough scale of course the results will not be what
they might be if it were done in proportion to the real need tu the
large number of bee-keepers, and to the enormous quantities of houey
to be sold annually in the United States.

But if the selling price of honey could be raised even a half cent
per pound, as one member suggests, or it the price can even be kept
from declining still lower, the value of the League to bee-keepers, aud
the wisdom of its creation, will be fully justified. But even if ihe
largest success is not attained, the attempt is worth the making.

The Right Name for Honey

A friend in an eastern city offers me some very good suggestions
in regard to the general belief that comb honey is adulterates Ue
says, in substance, that the general public mem one thing by c:ub

honey while we mean another. The common conception of comb
honey is what bee-keepers would term chunk or broken honey, gen-
erally kept in pans, the honey running loose among the combs. It is
hard to see why this could not be mixed with glucose as well as if the
comb were absent. But bee-keepers restrict their idea of comb honey
to that in sections. Newspapers are rapidly admitting that honey in
unbroken combs is necessarily genuine. Instead of calling the mashed-
up stuff " honey in the comb," he would call it " comb in the honey."
This is well worth thinking about.—" Stenog," in Gleanings in Bee
Culture.

There is some weight in the argument, it the premises are correct.
But is it true that the public generally considers the term " comb
honey "to mean "chunk or broken honey, generally kept in pans,
the honey running loose among the combs?" Possibly, in special
localities, hardly in general. Take Chicago, for instance. For every
pound of such honey found on the market there will be found thou-
sands of pounds of section honey, and the probability is that to the
average Chicagoan the term " comb honey " suggests honey in sec-
tions. In the broken mixture spoken of, the part that is comb honey
is genuine honey, whatever the surrounding liquid may be, and if any
special name should be given to the stuff, it should be called " comb
honey in liquid honey " rather than " comb in the honey," which
would suggest empty comb submerged in honey. In any case, what is
needed is to have the truth known.

The Honey-Producers' League and Canada

The following letter from Mr. R. F. Holtermann, of Canada, con-
tains his estimate of the League, and also involves a question :

Friend York:— I have been much interested in The Honey-Pro-
ducers' League. It will undertake a line of work for which I have
seen much need, and along which I have been trying to do some work.
If you can give me the assurance that the organization will work on
this side of the line as well as in the United States, you can have my
membership fee any time. I hope the bee-keepers will rush in their
fees. I have carefully read over the Constitution, and it appears to
me it is well thought out, and I can see no place for improvement.
Yours truly, R. F. Holtermann.

In reply, we may say that the organizers of The Honey-Producers'
League thought best not to include Canada, believing it would be bet-
ter for our esteemed northern neighbors to form such a league them-
selves, if they so desire. If United States bee-keepers succeed in rais-
ing all the funds necessary for the honey advertising that should be
on this side of the line, they will do well. Then, we believe, there is
very little honey passing back and forth between the two countries,
on account of the duty imposed upon it. So we United Statesers would
hardly care to pay for advertising honey in Canada, and no doubt few
ol the Canadians would feel like helping to pay advertising bills over
here.

We see no good reason why Canadian bee-keepers should not
organize similarly to our League, and make it a great success.

Certificate for Inspectors of Apiaries

N. E. France, the Wisconsin Slate inspector of apiaries, has kindly
sent us a copy ot a blank which he furnishes to every bee-keeper
whose apiary he inspects, also a carbon copy to the Governor with his
monthly report. Bees for sale often require such certificate also.

On the back of the certificate, which is about 3%xb% inches in
size, are printed the laws of Wisconsin on the appointment of a State
inspector of apiaries and his duties, also as to the sale of a diseased
apiary, etc. The blank portion reads as follows, excepting the name

324

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4, 1905

and address of the inspector at the bottom, which can be printed, or
may be signed in each case:

No.

Wisconsin State Inspector of Apiaries

Date.

I have this day inspected the apiary of-

Last winter.

190 —Honey...

Mr

P. 0

No. of colonies in apiary

I In cellar Loss.

j Outside Loss.

j Lbs. Comb

I Lbs. Extracted

No. of colonies apparently healthy

No. colonies diseased

Name of disease

Date bees to be treated

No. colonies or hives to be burned

Subscriber for

Remarlis

No Adulterated Comb Foundation, and Why

Referring to the charge by Dr. Wiley that Comb foundation is
adulterated, Gleanings in Bee Culture says:

At first we thought we would pay no attention to it, as we did not
think there wae one bee-keeper in ten thousand who would believe it;
but as two of our brother editors have denied that such practice has
been going on on the part of foundation makers, it now seems pertinent
for us to say that, out of between 300,000 and 400,000 pounds of foun-
dation made annually in the United States, we will guarantee there is
scarcely a pound of it adulterated. I say scarcely, because foundation
makers are buying wax from everywhere, and they might, in spite of
their careful inspection, allow a single cake of adulterated wax to get
in with the good, with the result that a single sample might show a
very slight adulteration. The makers of foundation in this country
know that, if they wish to ruin their business, and that right speedily,
the quickest and easiest way to do it would be to begin to adulterate
their goods. Paraffin and ceresin foundation are something that can
be detected by bees and bee-keepers almost instanter. Again, the
modern methods of making foundation will show up adulteration in
the wax very quickly. Indeed, it is practically impossible to make
adulterated foundation on Weed machinery. The reason why we
know is because we once tried making some sheets of wax and paraffin
for the dental trade that called for it, and had to give it up as a bad job.

Don't Leave Wax Unwatched on the Stove

Especially to beginners is commended the following by J. A.
Green, in Gleanings in Bee Culture:

When melting beeswax on a stove, especially if there is any water
in the vessel in which it is being melted, do not go away and leave it
for even a minute. If you must go away, set the wax off the fire until
you get back. The fire may be hotter than you think, or something
may make you stay away longer than you expected to. A pan of wax
boiling over on a hot stove may make a serious blaze. Last year neg-
lect of this precaution cost one bee-keeper in this valley, his dwelling-
house, and another a good honey-house with contents, including about
a ton of honey.

ITItscellaneous
Heips ♦> 3 terns

=\

J

Freight-Rate on Jacketed Honey-Cans.— From a letter
dated April 20, received from General Manager France of the National
Association, we take the following :

Friknd York:— Yesterday, while in Chicago, I secured a fourth-
class freight-rating on my Sgallon jacketed honey-cans. This applies
to all railroads in the Western Freight Classification. The cans are
bail-handled, flat top, entire can enclosed, and with a 3-inch screw cap
underneath. I feel this is another victory for bee-keepers. Now add

the help of The Honey-Producers' League, and certainly bee-keepers
should be better able to market honey.

I also saw a nice tin shipping-case for comb honey that is no-drip,
and when empty will be nice to use in the pantry for holding bakings,
etc., as no ants, dust, or other foreign material, can get inside.

In connection with the League's help to bee-keepers, I am plan-
ning some showy honey-labels for the National members at cost.
They are in three colors, and much like some showy syrup-labels. Mar-
keting is the cry now, and it looks as if the Association and the
League will solve that.

The National has just secured another city ordinance victory in
Toledo, Ohio. Yours truly, N. E. France.

The Honey-Producers' League Incorporated. — Only a
little over a month after the League was organized the final incorpora-
tion papers were received by the Manager from the Secretary of the
State of Illinois, Jas. A. Rose. The date of organization was March
15— date of incorporation, April 21, 1905.

Mr. N. E. France, who had been selected as a member of the
Executive Board, decided that he had- already "too many irons in the
fire," and so could not serve. In order that the incorporation might
be completed as soon as possible, the remaining members of the
Board selected, in place of Mr. France, Mr. Robt. A. Holekamp, of
Missouri, who did so much toward getting the Foul Brood Bill passed
in that State recently.

The Fourth Annual Report of the Illinois State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association is now ready for mailing. Any one can have a copy
of it by sending 15 cents in stamps to Jas. A. Stone, Rt. 4, Springfield,
111., the Secretary of the Association. Besides considerable other in-
teresting matter, it contains a report of the last Illinois State conven-
tion, also a full report of the meeting of the Chicago-Northwestern
Association last fall, and a number of pages on " Foul Brood and
Other Diseases of Bees," by N. E. France, Wisconsin's popular foul-
brood inspector. The Report contains 192 pages.

A Tariff on Cuban Honey. — The Southwestern Ohio and
Hamilton County Bee-Keepers' Association, through its Secretary,
Henry Reddert, sends us the following on the tarifif on Cuban honey :

The recent agitation of the increase of tariff on Cuban comb honey
is quite spirited, judging by the favorable replies this Association has
received.

We learn from a responsible source that all foreign honey is taxed
by this Government 20 cents per gallon, at 12 pounds to the gallon, no
distinction made as to comb honey ; but on all honey coming from
Cuba a rebate is allowed of 20 percent off the tariff amount, leaving
the tariff rate on Cuban honey 16 cents per gallon. All honey-pro-
ducers know it requires more honey to produce comb honey than it
does to produce extracted honey, hence comb honey is rated too low.

At the time the tariff rate on honey was fixed no doubt there was
little if any comb honey on the market, hence the single rate. We
understand i I. is rumored that a revision of the tariff is to be under-
taken at the next session of Congress ; if so, then will be the time to
bring a proper Bill regulating the tariff as to each kind of honey,
comb and extracted.

Mr. Sereno F. Payne, the chairman of the "Ways and Means
Committee," we judge, is the man to whom this Bill should be pre-
sented ; however, this is only a suggestion. If the Executiye Commit-
tee of the National Bee-Keepers' Association knows of a better way to
bring it before Congress, it is their liberty to do so, but we must not
delay it, as we have but a limited time before the next session of Con-
gress in which to do this work.

We suppose it would be a good idea to discuss this question at the
next convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
Very respectfully,

S. W. Ohio and Hamilton Co. Bee-Kbepers' Association.

Per Henrt Reddert, Hec.

We think the suggestion a good one, that this subject be consid-
ered at the next meeting of the National, in San Antonio. Perhaps
Secretary Hutchinson will request some one to be prepared to intro-
duce it for discussion.

The A. I. Root Co. — It was our privilege to visit The A. I.
Root Co., at Medina, Ohio, the latter part of March, for about 6 hours.
But that was too short a time to take in all there is to be seen. It had
been about 10 years since last we visited them, and we were astounded
to see what a wonderful transformation and development had taken
place during the decade.

Mr. A. I. Root began, some 40 years ago, in a little room above a
jewelry store with a one-foot-power buzz-saw, but that small begin-
ning has expanded into a big plant that covers acres and acres of
ground. Massive brick buildings and warehouses 2 and 3 stories high,
protected by the latest fire-apparatus, peopled with skilled workmen,
and supplied with the latest automatic machinery, mammoth lumber
yards — all are in evidence over the grounds. A 400-horse-power steam-
plant, a 100- horse-power electric plant, a water- works plant, an organ-

May 4, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

325

ized factory 6re-fighting crew, a pay-roll of $2000 a week, daily ship-
ments of goods by the car-load to all parts of the world, are also promi-
nent features of " The Home of the Honey-Bees."

Immense lumber-sheds, capable of holding at one time anywhere
from $50,000 to $75,000 worth of lumber, have been erected so that
timber of the right season and dryness may be used for the exacting
demands of bee-hive work.

In order that The A. I. Root Co. might perfect its already large
equipment, and thus serve its customers better, the capital stock was
increased in 1904 to $300,(K)0, all paid up.

Few people can realize what it means to build up and conduct a
business of such proportions, and especially on the results of the work
of so small a creature as the honey-bee.

On the first page we give some pictures of this great factory and
the officers of the company responsible for its management.

Mr. A. I. Root is getting somewhat along in years, and yet he
tries to keep a watchful eye on all that is being done around him.
True, he devotes a good deal of his time in the spring and summer to
the raising of " garden sass,'' but he is ever on the lookout that things
are kept straight. And then he has two sons and two sons-in-law to
" see to," besides their increasing families, so it is no wonder that he
is kept " on the trot" about the place pretty much of the time.

Ernest R. Root, as nearly all our readers know, ably edits the
bee-department of fileanings, and is as royal a man and friend as one
would wish to know.

.John T. Calvert is the hustling business manager of the concern.
He knows how to " make a good bargain," and also sees to it that his
firm's share of the apiarian trade is secured.

Arthur L. Boyden is not only secretary of the company, but also
looks after the advertising in Gleanings, as well as that done elsewhere
by the firm. He is affable and kindly, also a good entertainer, for we
were invited to dine at his hospitable board while there.

We must not omit the mention of W. P. Root, who conducts, un-
der the nom de plume of " Stenog," a department in Gleanings known
as "Picking from Our Neighbors' Fields." "W. P.,"as he is also
familiarly known, has been with the Root Co. — well, a quarter of a
century, we should say. But he seems to " renew his youth " as the
years pass on. Really, he seems to look younger now than when we
first saw him 10 years ago. He is what might be called " a jack at all
trades " and master of all. What he can't do, from typesetting up to
proof-reading and translating a dozen or so of both dead and living
languages into modern English, is hardly worth mentioning. The
word " versatile " best expresses him. He's " all right." Nothing at
all the "matter with him." (We didn't ask him, but would be
willing to believe that middle initial " P." in his name stands for
"Prohibitionist.")

We were not in Medina long enough to take in the whole of The
A. I. Root Co.'s extensive plant and business, but we saw enough to
convince us that they are doing business— they know what they are
there for without being told. They have built up a great institution
by energy, industry, and push — and the end is not yet.

-V (Eontribiitcb ^-
Special Clrtides

=\

=J

Foul Brood Law— Early Honey-Flora

BY PROF. A. J. COOK

TAKB the country over and foul brood is one of the three
serious evils that go to form the most menacing trio
that stands in the way of successful bee-keeping. As I
size up the situation, these worst enemies are. Uncertain
Markets, Winter Losses, and Foul Brood. I believe foul
brood is the equal of either of the others in the heavy liand
that it lays in the way of our progress. Yet we know that,
like the others, we can face it and down it if we only fash-
ion and use the right weapons. These weapons are intelli-
gence and action.

Mr. James Bryce, the great statesman and writer of
England, is very brainy and possessed of a most caUiolic
spirit. He knows a whole lot, and his judgments a c as
kindly as they are reliable and accurate. His great vork,
" The American Commonwealth," should be read by .very

citizen of our country. I believe he measures as with a cor-
rect top-line, and that all his criticisms may well lead us to
pause and ponder. After a lapse of several years he has
visited us again, and, as before, he pens a graphic picture.
He calls attention to one of our most serious perils. This
is municipal corruption. That word " graft," as now used,
I'ike the social evil, may well make us shudder for what is,
and tremble for what may be. Honesty, like purity, is a
transcendent virtue, and it behooves us all to magnify its
importance, and we should begin with our little ones as
soon as they begin to prattle.

I am led to these remarks from a letter received from
one of our most respected bee-keepers, who uses this same
word " graft " regarding one of our Southern California
bee-inspectors. I know nothing of the merits of the case in
question ; but I do know what is required, and what we
should and must demand.

Our California law, thanks to Mr. J. M. Hambaugh
more than to any other one man, is well-nigh perfect. If it
does not give good results it is because the bee-keepers
themselves are asleep to their duty and privilege.

The good points of our law are : It makes the super-
visors appoint upon the petition and recommendation of
the bee-keepers themselves. It pays good wages— $4.00 per
day — which ought, and will, command ability, honesty and
energy— a most-needed trio. It gives the inspector power
to exterminate the disease wherever found.

It is now up to the bee-keepers to nominate the right
man— such men as the author of our Bill. They must know
that he is a student, and will keep informed as to the very
latest and best known regarding the nature and cure of this
and kindred diseases. They must be equally certain of his
absolute integrity, and must know him to be most thorough
and energetic.

The inspector must be fired with enthusiasm m two
directions. He must be determined to find all cases of the
disease in his district, and must act with the keenest energy
to stamp out the disease wherever it has gained a foot-hold.
He must be just as eager to save expense to the county. He
can often plan his work so as to make a horse unnecessary
for days at a time, and thus save both hire and keep. He
can often enlist the aid of the bee-keepers themselves, and
thus accomplish much more in a given time, and at the
same time the bee-keeper is gaining just the knowledge and
experience that every capable bee-keeper should possess.
By working in a locality continuously till apiaries of the
region are all examined, and so far as necessary treated, he
will save a vast expense. He will not object to ofl'ered
entertainment, or to permit any bee-keeper to transport
himself and his equipment to the next apiary, as this will
save expense to the county, and will reduce his bills, and
make his work more popular. Nor will such courtesies on
the part of the bee-keeper be really an imposition. He will
often receive rich pleasure and very helpful instruction in
the company of the inspector ; indeed, it ought to be worth
more to him than the cost of entertainment and other cour-
tesies rendered. He will also gain in the fact that the work
will not be so likely to be criticised and cut short if the ex-
pense account is held down. We are all interested that the
work shall be thoroughly done, and that no foul-broody col-
ony be overlooked.

There is just one more duty that the bee-keepers are
bound to keep in mind. If they find that they made a mis-
take, and recommended the wrong man for appointment-
one who is not competent, one who does not watch care-
fully to save to the county, one who is not full of energy
and telling enthusiasm in his work— then it is their duty to
petition, ves, demand the supervisors or appointing power
to remove the incumbent, and replace him with one com-
petent for the duties and demands of the position.

With such an admirable law as we now have, we should
reach almost complete success, to the saving of untold
thousands of dollars to our bee-keepers. Let us do our part,
that the best possible results may be secured. I believe
other States can do no better than to copy substantially our
California law. But when we have the statute we must not
think our work is all done. We must insist that we have
the right man, and that he works with the best skill and
energy, not only in extirpating the dread malady, but also
in whittling expenses to the very minimum.

EARLY FLORA IN CALIFORNIA.

In this charming climate of Southern California we
have two reasons to rejoice in the abundance of rain,
warmth and sunshine that have gladdened our hearts and
landscape the present winter. They not only offer almost
certain promise of abundant prosperity along all agricul-

326

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4, 1905

tural lines, but they have carpeted the fields and roadsides
with a wealth of green and bloom that is a delight to behold.
I have, in all my 11 years in this place, never seen so many
flowers at this early date as now gladden the vision of any
one who strolls forth over the plains and hills for air and
sunshine.

The phacelias are out, and swarm with bees, as do the
orange and lemon trees, and the great live-oaks which are
now in full bloom. The white and black sage are now push-
ing out new growth, and will be early in bloom to attract
the bees, and swell the profits of the bee-keeper. The gilias
are thickly spread, and are also attractive to all nectar-
loving insects. Some of the gilias bear blue pollen, and it
is not uncommon to see bees with their full loads of this
blue proteid which they are carrying for bread to the hive.

At present the whole air is perfumed with the scent
from the citrus bloom. No doubt but we would get much
orange honey except that at this early season the bees are
few, and thus the harvest of orange honey is never great.
L,os Angeles Co., Calif., April 3.

#

Using the Langstroth Hive Advantageously

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL

MUCH larger hives are necessary in the South. There
are many advantages for using them, but not so many
bee-keepers know it. The trouble is that the L,ang-
stroth hive, which is almost universally used, is too large
in one way and too small in another. This statement might
cause many to say that I was condemning the Langstroth
hive, or that I am not showing proper respect to its inven-
tor. Not so, however, but I do say that the best results can
not be obtained with the regular Langstroth hive in a
locality with the honey-flows and the other existing condi-
tions as given in my previous articles.

THE 10-FRAME THB SOUTHERN STANDARD.

The 10-frame L/angstroth is mostly used in the South-
ern localities here, but even it is not large enough — at other
times of the season, again, it is too large. That is the
objection I have to this hive. A satisfactory hive must be
so constructed that it can be enlarged or contracted at will,
and this can hardly be done with the Langstroth. The re-
sult is that many valuable manipulations that would be
worth much to the bee-keeper in critical times are unknown,
or even unthought of, by the majority of the users of this
hive.

ENLARGING THE LANGSTROTH HIVE.

I have always been an advocate of large hives — large
hives at the right time ; large hives in the proper shape,
other conditions being equal, mean rousing colonies of bees.
They prevent swarming ; and a large crop of surplus is the
result. The 10 frame hive as commonly used, with only a
single brood-chamber, is not quite large enough for the best
results in brood-rearing in the spring. For this reason I
enlarge the brood-nest by a super of shallow combs above.
Some will say that another hive-body could be added, but
that would be adding too much room for the majority of the
colonies. In such hives the brood is generally scattered too
much, while in the former it is all in a compact form. If
the colony is an extra-strong one an additional super can be
added, and that without the danger of giving too much
room at a time. By using hives so, and breeding the bees
in accordance therewith, the problem of swarming will be
reduced to a minimum.

PROVIDES ADDITIONAL BREEDING ROOM.

The queen has used the shallow combs of the super for
egg laying, the brood has been hatching out, and the honey
that has been coming in in excess of the amount required
by the bees, has been stored in place of it.

AN EXTRA SUPER OF HONEY.

In this way an extra amount of surplus honey is ob-
tained. All honey that is not used by the colony goes into
the shallow extracting-super, whereas it would have to go
into the brood-chamber otherwise, or perhaps not be gath-
ered at all. If it is stored in the brood-chamber it clogs the
brood-nest and crowds out the queen. It also places honey
along the top-bars above which the bees are loth to store
during the main flow when the comb-honey supers are
given. The shallow extracting-super prevents this. Its
use brings the colonies in a Langstroth brood-chamber to
the best condition by the beginning of the honey-flow, for

the brood- nest extends up to the top-bars of the chamber.
There is no honey along the top-bars. The colony is in
an ideal shape for the comb-honey supers.

CONTRACTION DURING THE HONEY-FLOW.

Now I do not mean to contract the brood-chamber to 4
or 6 frames, and place a lot of dummies in the place of
those taken out. Such practice has always seemed like a
"dummy "to me, and I never liked it, although I tried it
repeatedly.

When the time comes for putting on the comb-honey
supers, the extracting super, now filled or nearly so, is
simply raised up and placed above the empty super put on.
This places the colony in a shape by which immediate stor-
ing in the comb-honey super is obtained if the honey-flow is
on. The bees take possession of the supers at once, and
there is no need of bait sections and other methods for
coaxing them up.

The extracting-super is left on until the first super
given is partly filled. Then, when the second super is added
underneath it, the extracting-super is removed to be ex-
tracted.

THE ADVANTAGES THAT ARE GAINED.

The. advantages that are obtained by using a shallow
extracting-super as outlined can be summarized about as
follows :

First, it enlarges the hives. This means prevention of
swarming, rousing the colonies of bees, and large surplus
crops.

Second, extra storing-room is provided for honey not
needed by the bees. It prevents the clogging of the brood-
nest, and an extra amount of surplus is obtained.

Third, the brood-chamber is in the best condition for
the comb-honey supers when the main flow comes. There
is no sealed honey along the top-bars above which the bees
are loth to store, but the brood extends up to them.

Fourth, contraction of the right kind can be practiced
with great advantage and without extra trouble. Placing
the extracting-super above causes better work in the comb-
honey supers, and the extracted honey is ripened better
while left on. In this way the bees are used to working in
the supers, and the trouble about them not entering the
comb-honey supers is done away with.

Brazos Co., Tex.

(£ont)ention
Proccebings

^

The Illinois State Convention

J^

The 14th annual session of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Association was held in Springfield, Nov. IS and 16, 1904. The
proceedings of that meeting are published in a pamphlet, as
mentioned on page 324 of this number of the American Bee
Journal, from which we take the following :

CO-OPERATION AMONQ BEE-KEEPERS

Your invitation to me to attend our annual State Bee-Keep-
ers' meeting and deliver an address has been duly received,
and I would gladly comply with your request were it not
that the date conflicts with that of another congress — the
Upper Mississippi River Improvement .'\ssociation — which is
of very great interest to the cities along the big river, and
for which I am delegated by our city. I trust that, in view of
the importance of the matter, our bee-keepers will excuse
my absence.

I believe that the most important matter before the bee-
keepers of the country at the present time is the matter of
cooperation. The methods of bee-culture have been so im-
proved in the past 50 years as to make the production of
honey an easy matter for all practical men. The old fogy
bee-keeper and the "gum" have been relegated to the back-
ground. The moth-trap has been put away with the spin-
ning-wheel of our grandmothers, and neither of them is
brought to light, except as a relic of the past. The essential
questions today are : How to market our honey, and how to
protect ourselves against damage, either through the con-
tagious disease, foul brood, or through the ignorance or dis-

May 4, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

327

honestv of those who oppose our interests? The comb-
honey manufacture yarns, the spraying of fruit-trees in bloom,
the prejudice against bees because of the untrue accusation
that bees damage flowers or injure sound fruit — all these
and many others are to be warred against. To do it safely,
we must unite.

We hear on every side of the success of the great trusts
which arc formed in the manufacture of everything, and of
the enormous profits derived by cooperation. The truth is,
that association is the key-note to success today. I dare say
that of those who will hear this paper read, there are very
few, if any, who do not belong to some association, for profit
•or comfort. The life insurance and fire insurance companies
are nothing but trusts for our benefit. The secret societies,
for mutual help — Masons, Odd Fellows, etc., are all in the
direction of cooperation. Our bee associations, no matter
Tiow insignificant and weak they mav be, are all evidences of
the need of association for mutual information, and ultimate
increased comfort.

Some of our State associations have already secured
some very positive benefits from association. A number of
States have efficient foul-brood laws and foul-brood inspec-
tors, who help keep down this disease, which is really the
only disease that nature has put in our way. As bees in-
crease in numbers throughout the country, the danger of
epidemics increases, and therefore the precautions against all
possibilities of disease should increase. When bee-keepers lived
25 miles apart, and bees existed only in the forests, an epi-
demic was soon stopped, like a fire without fuel, by want of
something to feed on. But since bees are becoming one of
the institutions of the farm or of the suburban garden, there
is an increase of risk which must be warded off.

I notice the same danger in other lines. A small vine-
yard runs less risk of black-rot than a large one. A farm
yard containing a couple pigs is in less danger from hog
cholera than one containing a couple hundred. So, as we be-
come more and more numerous there is more and more need
of cooperation, to defend ourselves by mutual understanding
and instruction. It is necessary to obtain laws in each State
regulating the control of foul brood, and sustaining the honest
producer against the adulterator who tries to sell a manu-
■factured product as a product of the farm.

There is also need to advertise our business so as to help
the sales of a healthy and pure product; there is need of
placing before the masses a very plain statement showing
that the canards concerning the alleged manufacture of comb
honey by machinery are all a fake. For these purposes, and
for many others which do not come to my mind now, and
also for purposes of which we have no present adequate idea,
it is absolutely necessary that we should unite — cooperate.

The National Association, which a few years ago num-
bered onlv as many members as met together each year at
one selected spot in the United States, now numbers some-
thing over two thousand members. Although this is a great
increase, it is nothing compared to the possibilities of co-
operation, whenever we convince our brother bee-keepers that
it is to their interest to unite for the common good. Instead
of two thousand, we must have twenty thousand members.
Each State must form a nucleus, sending its delegates to the
meetings of the National congress, and the Association must
sooner or later send its ramifications to every spot where bees
are kept, in the length and breadth of the land. When this
is done, our bee-keeoers will no longer go to their town
groceries and ask them what prices thev pay for honey, but
each will be posted from headquarters, and will go to the
retailer with a statement something like this :

"Our sales headquarters state that the crop is short in
such and such States ; that the honey is expected to be in
demand in such or such localities ; and that the prices, con-
sidering prices of other sweets, may be expected to range
about so much. Therefore I have placed the following prices
on my honey."

Let no one think that this is impossible. An impossible
thing is to get a fancy price for your product, but there is not
the shadow of a doubt that a plain understanding as to the
resources and the demand will bring about the securing of
fairly profitable prices. No one can produce anything at cost,
or below cost, and keep it up. At present we have many
friends who produce honey and sell it at less than the cost
of production, because they are working individually with-
out any information as to the value of their product. VVe
may expect paying prices for our crop, if, when we put h on
the market, we know just what to expect, and if we feel that
there is a distributing point from which our surplus may be
handled at the lowest possible cost.

I know that some of our members may consider this as
romance, but let me tell them that this romance is based on
facts. We see thousands of plain evidences that an imder-
standing of conditions and an increase of facilities for dis-
tribution is productive of great benefits to all. The cost of
cooperation is insignificant, compared with the results. The
only thing that mav discourage some of those who hope for
success is that large cooperative combines are not built up in
one day. We must unite and stay united until we succeed.

It is not only in progressive America that the ideas of
union are taking root. Even in our pursuit of bee-culture,
we see this principle taking the lead a little more every day.
The bee-papers of nearly all foreign countries are discussing
association and cooperation. In Belgium, in France, there
are some tangible steps taken. The October number of the
Italian "L'Apicoltore" contains an address from Mr. Cap-
poni, before the third National Congress of Bee-Keepers, on
"Protection to the Bee-Industry," in which he urges his
brother bee-keepers to unite, as "no great results can be ob-
tained if we do not act as 'viribus unitis' — united men."

The United States of America are a living example of
what can be done by "united men." C. P. Dad.\nt.

(Dur-:* Sister
Beekeepers

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, III.

A Lady President of the British Association

J

The Baroness Burdett-Coutts has been unanimously re-elected
president of the British Bee-Keepers' Association for 1905, a position
she has held for some time. Who says bee-keepers do not honor their
women ?

m I ^1

A Busy Sister Bee-Keeper

The letter from Prof. Parrott, which appears in this number, when
sent by Miss F. E. Wheeler, was accompanied by a delightful private
note, and one part of it will appeal to so many of the busy sisters that
Miss Wheeler will just tiave to forgive its introduction here :

Deab Miss Wilson:— My, but I'm busy! The bees are pretty
quiet, but we will get them out soon now. Snow is gone, but we
have high, raw, chilly winds. I will start two incubators to-morrow
morning, sending ofl a White Holland tom, receiving 10 from Indiana
for myself, bossing my man's house-cleaning and mother's dress-
making. Can you beat that in a day's work, and add correspondence
and some work on an article? Frances E. Wheeler

Honey as a Health-Food

Honey is a medicament which can be used for various purposes.
Dyspeptics whose real treatment consists in a strict food regimen,
should use it as dessert in place of cakes, fruits and nuts, such as
almonds. Honey has still one more advantage, which is that it acts as
a mild laxative, and that is a valuable property for habitual constipa-
tion which gives rise to many disorders. Without doubt it is to this
double action that honey owes its reputation.

As a narcotic it may be recommended for sleeplessness. Two
spoonfuls of honey in a glass of water will suffice to induce sound
sleep all night. It is probable that honey in such cases serves to dis-
place indigestible foods, which, retained in the stomach, disturb the
nightly rest.

That is not all. Honey mixed with water serves as an excellent
gargle, and has the merit of being very agreeable to the taste, either
swallowed by accident or on purpose, for honey mingled with water is
delicious. And the ancient Gauls thought such a beverage was a
drink of the gods, and termed it " hydromel."— Medical Talk.

M I ^

That New York City Park Bee-Keeper Contest

Miss Haggerty, the lady who was so successful in passing the ex-
amination for the position of apiarist at Bronx Park, New York City,
and who was so unsuccessful in obtaining the position, writes:

Mt Dear Miss Wilson: — The American Bee Journal has been
sent me. I thank you very much for your kind notice, and wish to
say you are right in surmising that politics, and not the fact that I am
a woman, stood in the way of a position. This fact did help Mr.
O'Mara, inasmucn as when Commissioner Schrader filled the vacancy,
he worded his request for a " male apiarist." This barred me out,

328

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4, 190S

and made room for the fourth on the list, as only three were to be
considered.

As to the examination, all credit of my passing should be given to
my excellent teacher, Mr. W. L. Coggshall.

Very respectfully, Emma V. Haggertt.

Of course there is some satisfaction at having been able to diag-
nose the situation so correctly; but our good friend, Mr. Coggshall,
will no doubt protest against taking so large a share of the credit for
passing the examination.

Honey Paste for the Teeth

Eight ounces of precipitated chalk, 4 ounces of powdered castile
soap, 4 ounces of powdered orris root, 40 drops of oil of sassafras, SO
drops of oil of bay, and honey enough to form a paste. — Mme. Qui
Vive, in the Chicago Record-Herald.

Bees and Fruit-Puncturing

As a further contribution in the case of the bees on trial. Miss
Frances E. Wheeler sends the following letter written by the ento-
mologist of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station:

Miss Frances E. Wheeler:— I have read your letter with a
good deal of interest, and understand your position as I did not before
when your observations were given me second-hand. The prevailing
opinion is, of course, that bees are not able of themselves to puncture
the skin of fruits, but as regards your suggestions that they may
deliberately sting the fruit as the first step in feeding, I can only say
that I have had no observations to sustain such a theory. I fully
appreciate the stinging abilities of these insects, and can understand
that if they so willed they could puncture the fruit in the manner
described. This is a point that could easily be determined, and I know
of no better place where suitable observations could be made than in
your own orchard. If this year the bees frequent the fruit as they did
last year, I should consider it a great courtesy if you would call my
attention to the same, that I may make observations to settle this point.

Thanking you for your interest in this matter, I am,

Tours truly, P. J. Pakrott,

March 7, 1905. Enlonwlogist.

Clftcrtl^ougl^ts

J

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

LIGET- WEIGHT SECTIONS OP HONET.

So a grocer of 10 years' experience thinks the swindle of light-
weight sections is responsible for much of the falling off in consump-
tion. Hit the mark that time. Not necessary to suppose that grocers
generally lie about the weight, or that purchasers generally believe
sections weigh a pound when they do not. But when a man buys a
so-called pound section, and pays for 12 ounces the price that should
have sufficed for a pound, he will ruefully kick himself about it after-
ward. Among other things he will tell himself then that it didn't
weigh more than W ounces. And it will be quite a while before he
buys any more. Page 329.

SPRING AND FALL PRICES OP BEES.

On the price of a colony of bees, fall and spring, 6 of the 29 ex-
perts do not try to answer the question as it is given. Among the
remaining 23 there are obvious causes of decided scatteration. Some
live where farm sales of neglected bees are common, with resulting
depression of prices. Some live where the winter problem is nothing,
with the result that the two prices are the same, or nearly so.

We'll take ^.00 in spring and S4.00 in fall as the comparison
figures. Three name these sums exactly and nothing else. Five more
give answers that agree thereto, but with more or less of "frills"
attached. So these prices have the assent of over one-third of the
respondents. Three more name the same price in the spring but
cheaper in the fall. Nine name them cheaper both fall and spring —
lowest in Kentucky and Texas, where they are sometimes *2.00 or
lower. Two name them higher both fall and spring. If you glance
over and compare these ballots you will most likely conclude that (by
popular suffrage) the comparison figures are at least a shaving too
high. Page 245.

EXTRACTED-HONET EXHIBITS — BEESWAX.

So Utah exhibited its best honey in great 100-pound glasses with
the result that it didn't seem to be very white. The light amber honey
in one-pound glasses looked whiter than the best honey did. Remin-
der for future exhibitors.

One of the things for us to find out when we get around to it is
about the wide abnormal variations of beeswax. These affect both
color and odor; and when we consider the world as a whole, they are
by no means rare, it seems. These peculiar waxes seem local.

Whether they really are so or not is part of the problem. One might
surmise that some local species of plant or tree serves as the real cause
— were it not that most of our numerous divergences in bee-pasture
seem to count nothing except as to the honey. A peculiar race or
species of bee is without much doubt liable to have its own peculiar
sort of wax. These peculiarities cropped out in the wax-exhibits at
St. Louis. Nicaragua had a black, wild beeswax. Mexico showed »
chocolate- colored wax. Madagascar showed a yellow wax with a very
pronounced odor. Although none seems to have been at St. Louis,
Jamaica has a cherry-red wax with a very penetrating fragrance. Yet,
as a general proposition, we are in the habit of considering that blacks,
Italians and Cyprians all make the same wax — and all the- same
whether from clover or buckwheat, willow, aster or polygonum.
Somebody rob bumble-bees' nests enough to get a visible cake of wax
from them. That would show individualities, I'm pretty sure. Page
199.

A PUBLIC HONEY MARKET.

Nice to have a 3-days' public honey market every fall, as in the
Swiss city of Neuchatel. But, considering our prices, 2 cents a pound
to pay for selling extracted honey would kind o' strike us in the
neighborhood of the solar plexus. Taken out of their figures (from 16
cents up to 20) we would stand the blow. Page 245.

INCORPORATION OP THE NATIONAL.

Sixteen of the experts favor the incorporation of the National, 7
oppose it, and three dodge the question. Page 200.

HEAVY LOSS OF BEES IN 1903-04.

We know the winter of 1903-04 was a bad winter on bees; but
Canada seems to have caught it worse than the rest of us, according
to the figures on page 205. To lose 113,000 colonies of bees out of a
total of 190,000 is certainly a startling loss. But such sweeping losses
often make some desirable returns. The bee-keeper that harbors foul
brood— won't take pains to cure it, and yet won't quit the business
and let the territory become clean, is sometimes put out of commis-
sion by an extra-severe winter.

Doctor irttller's
Question -- Box

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. 0. Miller, Marengo, 111.

U^" Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions by mail.

Bee-Hlves Made of Cedar and Redwood

=/

I have seen offered for sale bee-hives made of Washington cedar
and California redwood. Are they any good? California.

Answer.— I have had no personal experience with them, but I
think some have reported favorably of these woods.

Sections Protected All Around— Wide Frames

I am sending you under separate cover " top and bottom " of a
section taken from one of my T supers. I would not want to say that
all sections from my T supers are so stained. In my travels I occa-
sionally come across a man who wants his sections protected all
around while in the hive. At our bee-keepers' meeting a year ago
there was not one who was in favor of it. I would like to know
whether you think it would be desirdbh to have the tops of sections
protected. G. M. Doolittle, a few bee-keepers near Syracuse and my-
self, seem to be all the " old fogies " who stick to wide frames.
What is the matter with us? -New York.

Answer. — Your samples have been examined and discussed by
myself and assistant with much interest. We have had sections as
badly daubed, but not many. When honey is yielding nicely, bees
are not much inclined to propolize. They will glue cracks and angles
to some extent but that is all. Late in the season, at least in this
locality, they will plaster glue on plain surfaces, and if a T super of
sections is left on for some time after the harvest closes, the bees seem
to have it on their consciences to decorate the tops with propolis over
the eniire surface. They do not do this with wide frames — cannot —
they can only get at the edges. So if a T super and a super of wide
frames, side by side, be left on some time after the harvest, the sec-
tions in the wide frame will be much the cleaner. While the harvest
Is on, the difference is the other way. We take on thousands of sec-
tions in T supers that scarcely need any scraping. With wide frames
on at the same time, the bees think it the right thing to glue the
cracks, and it is wonderful how far they can crowd in the glue be-
tween the top-bars of wide frames. So on the whole there is probably
less trouble with T supers than with wide frames in the matter of
gluing.

After what I have said, you will not be surprised that my answer
to your question is that I do not think it desirable to have the tops of
sections protected, because the protection, while efficacious at the
central part, invites propolis at the edges.

In the samples sent I note that you have the locked oorn^ of the

May 4, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

329

section at the top; moEt likelj an exceptional case, as a section looks
better the other side up. I note also that on the bottom there is little
glue, nine-tenths or more of the material being pure wax; in tliis
particular case apparently an unproh table degree of crowding.

It is nothing very strange that some adhere to wide frames. I
have a very kindly remembrance of the fine crops of honey I secured
with them. Given a complete outfit of any kind of surplus arranjie-
ments, and a man is not warranted in changing to something a little
better; it should be mKc/i better. There's the expense of the chanire.
Then he's used to the old, and the new is troublesome. I think some
who have tried T supers have failed to get the right benefit from not
knowing how to use them. While looking at the daubed pieces you
sent, my assistant said, "Sections like that can be scraped so as to be
nice, and I'd rather have the trouble of scraping, if it was necess;iry,
than to have the extra trouble of handling the wide frames."

Transferring and Hives— Clearness In Answers

1. I notice when beginners ask about transferring bees from box-
hives, you quite frequently advise them to wait until the colony
swarms, and then 21 days after that do something. You do not seem
to take into consideration the fact that the bees may not swarm. It
would be too bad to advise a beginner to wait until the bees swarm,
and then they don't swarm until the second year, when he wants to
transfer them before the first season. I have often thought about this
when reading some of your answers.

2. Also, one questioner asked as to the value of the Danzcnbaker
hive for comb honey, and you told him you preferred the " dove-
tailed." Perhaps you forgot that the Danzenbaker hive is also a
dovetailed hive, the word " dovetailed " referring to the way the cor-
ners are made. So they are both dovetailed hives. I do not know
how to distinguish them unless you should say that you prefer the
" regular Langstroth dovetailed " hive. Pretty near all the hives made
now are " dovetailed," as you know.

I am simply after clearness in your answers, which might be con-
fusing to a beginner if left as you give them sometimes.

A Reader.

Answers. — 1. Your exception is well taken. At the very least,
something should be said as to possibilities. The great probability is
that the colony will swarm. In case it does not swarm, the probability
is that in most cases it does not swarm because the season is so poor
that it can not afford to swarm, in which case the advice may remain
good, " Wait till the colony swarms," even if you have to wait till the
next year. Especially is this true because in most cases the inquirer
is a beginner who will do well not to tinker too much with bees in a
poor season. After all this is said, there may be cases of a different
character. A colony may be so little inclined to swarm that it may
go through a good season without swarming, especially if it be in a
large hive.

Suppose, then, we put the answer in something like this form:
Wait till the colony swarms, hive the swarm in your movable-frame
hive, setting it on the old stand, and putting the old hive on a new
stand. Twenty-one days later drum the bees out of the old hive, put
them in a new one, leaving it on the same stand. That will give you
2 colonies. You may, however, prefer not to have any increase; in
that case hive the swarm as before, putting it on the old stand with
the old hive close beside it, and 21 days later drum out the bees and
give them to the swarm. In case the bees do not swarm until 2 or 3
weeks after other colonies are swarming, and the colony in question
seems in a prosperous condition, you may take the matter into your

own hands and transfer in the old way in the manner directed for
transferring in your book of instruction.

2. Strictly speaking, there is no such a thing as a dovetailed hive;
yet, by common consent, the manner of locking the corners of a hive
together now in general use is called dovetailing, and that use of the
word is likely to continue.

Wm. MoEvoy is a Canadian, not an American. True, he lives in
America, but custom makes the word " American " apply not to every
one who lives in America, but only to those who live in the United
States.

The Danzenbaker hive is not a dovetailed hive. True, its corners
are dovetailed just as much as those of a dovetailed hive, but the cus-
tom of years makes the name " dovetailed hive " apply not to every
hive with dovetailed corners, but only to those containing frames
17;Yx91h. There may be a certain inconsistency in this, just as there
is in saying that a Canadian is not an American, but established cus-
tom controls, and any other understanding of the name "dovetailed
hive " would throw out of gear the catalogs and bee-literature in gen-
eral. A beginner may be confused, but instead of saying to him every
time " regular Langstroth dovetailed hive " (which to many begin-
ners would need further explanation), it maybe just as well to use
the concise form, and let him leiirn what " dovetailed hive " means,
just as it is well to let him learn what " American " means.

Please don't understand from this that I take any exception to
your strictures. It would take a whole lot of italics and capitals to
let you know how heartily I thank you for what you have said, and if
you will only do so some more I'm sure it will be helpful all around.

The RIetsche Press— Making Foundation

1. Would it pay to have a Rietsche press for 100 colonies (I use
shallow extracting-frames and sections on each colony), or would it
pay to sell the wax and buy foundation?

2. Will the same press make different thicknesses of foundation?

3. How much could one make in 10 hours, and will each sheet
have to be trimmed by hand?

4. Please tell your readers all you know about the Rietsche press.

5. What size and shape pans are best to mould beeswax in for
market? Oregon.

Answers. — 1. I doubt that you could easily make foundation
with a Rietsche press that would be satisfactory for section honey.
For brood-frames you can make foundation with it that would be
entirely satisfactory. Whether it would be advisable to make or buy
depends upon circumstances. If you are somewhat at leisure part of
the year, it might pay to buy a press, especially as the cost is not very
much.

2. Yes, but as before said, you can hardly make it light enough
for surplus foundation.

3. I must refer this question to Mr. Getaz, who doubtless answers
it in his circulars, or will give the information privately on request.

4. I know nothing about it from personal experience. Mr. Getaz,
who makes the machines, is a man in whom I have much confidence.
He is the first, I think, to make any serious effort to introduce them
in this country, but a large number of Rietsche presses— I think some-
thing like 20 000 — are in use in Europe. Pretty good proof that they
give good satisfaction there; but it is also true that it is not so easy in
Europe to be sure of getting a pure article when you buy foundation.

5. That's a matter chiefiy of your own convenience; only it should
be a vessel that is at least a little flaring, so the wax will easily leave
the vessel when cold.

Place Your Orders Now.

ITALIAN QIEENS

EITHER GOLDESORHOWEY QUEENS

Oar Goldeos will come up to any other Golden
Strain. Our Honey Queens are what some term
"Red Clover Queens." We always call them
Honey Queens.

Before July 1. 1 6 12

Untested Jl.OO $5.00 $ ^.uo

Warranted Tested 1.2S 7.0i) 13 00

Tested 1.50

Select Tested .' 2.fO

Breeders from tS up. 16 12

21rame Nucleus (no Queen). 2.50 14.00 25.00

When Queens are wanted with Nnclei add
price of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nnclei. Oar breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction Is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation. We
book orders for next season. Safe arrival guar-
anteed of all stock. We ask a trial order.

D. J. BLOCHER pearl^city.

fr5^ Do not send personal checks unless you
add 10 cents for collection. 16Etf

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Reports anb
(£xpcvknccs

Bees Wintered Well

Bees have wintered well here. I wintered
20 colonies outdoors and over 100 in the cellar
without loss, except from failure of queens
and a few small queen-rearing nuclei that ran
short of honey. The hives outside were cov-
ered with snow during the coldest of the
weather. J. L. Strong.

Page Co., Iowa. March 29.

CUppinR Queens— Water for Bees—
Ant-PFOof Bee-Housa

I have just finished clipping my queens. I
clipped 57, and will tell how I did it. I made
a wire-trap, wimling small wire around aflat
wedge-shaped piece of wood. When the wood
is removed it is just big enough for the queen,
and is cone-shape, but flat at the bottom. It
is nearly 2 inches wide. I open the hive and
when I find the jueen I set the trap over her,
and as soon as she runs up in the small end I
put my thumb en the bottom. In clipping I

iTA.riiA.3sr

Bees,Queens and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. A 1 1 queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $1.10

One tested queen 1.50

One select tested queen.. 1.65

One breeding queen 2.75

One comb nucleus (no
queen) 1.40

Untested ready in May ; all
others ready now from last
season's rearing.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. I.. SXKONCi.
ao4 East Logan Street, CLARINDA. IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jo»r»«l.

Pteaae menOon Bee Joomal -when wriUiia

330

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4, 190S

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

Root'

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices.

Smokers and Extractors, Dadant's Comti Foundation, Bingliam Smokers.

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (it entirely complete) cost vou no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freight paid to your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
€ach year into every State east of the Rooky Mountains; let us ship to you.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order if You say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,E.AS?,!s,.Indianap(»lis,lo(l.

I TO=DAY I

^ Is the time for you to order your SUPPLIES. If you neglect it any &

j§ longer, you will not have the goods when you want to use them. We £.'

^ are running day and night now, but ship promptly. ^

ig We save you one-fourth when you buy from us. ^'.

.| JOHN DOLL & SON, |

'^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN, S'.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other pttblished,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

LOSS BY LICE

on jM.iultry amouuts toni.-iny times
tbe cost uf Lambert's Ueiith to
Licf— the sure preventive. Loss
c;in be saved ana profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming egKS or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 cz.. by express. Sl.'JU.
hf O. K. STOCK F4M»D CO.,

n. J.Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Motion BIdt;., CbU-u:;o, IIL

we are

Manufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large .quantity of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Please mentloii Bee Journal waen -writint.

MAtf

run the point of the scissors under one or
both wings, and clip. Then I let the queen
run back on the same frame about the center,
when I can see that the bees begin to feed
her and that she is not molested, after which
the frame is put back in the hive. I use a
queen-trap because in so doing the queen
does not get the scent from my Angers, and is
not £0 likely to be balled.

The bees are now storing some honey, as
the orange-trees are beginning to bloom and
tbe pears and olives are in full liloom.

Some one wrote of bees needing water dur-
ing the past month. My bees used over 2
large pailfuls of water. I keep it in several
places for them, as they need It during brood-
rearing.

Most of my colonies are in a bee-house, and
I wish I had room "for all of them there, as it
is so fixed that no ants can get in to molest
the bees. The sills rest on brick and cement
piers with a space filled with water.

I am expecting to go back to Ohio in April
to see how the bees there are getting along.
There has not been a day that those I have
here have not had a flight, although there
were a few mornings that were very cold, but
the afternoons were warmer.

I secured about 2 tons of honey last season.
R. L. McCOLLET.

Lake Co., Fla., March 14.

Floods in California

We have just had a fearful flood,
highest water for 21 years.

M. H. Mendleson.
Venturi Co., Calif., March 14.

The

Full vs. Light-Weight Sections

Hurrah ! for Mr. L. V. Ricketts and his 16-
ounce section of honey, page 229. Well, I
felt so tickled when I read his article that 1
could not help going right to work to write
something, no matter bow foolish it might
read, especially to the advocates and practi-
tioners of light-weight sections. But my expe-
rience Id selling honey is practically the same
as that of Mr. Ricketts. I gave my views on
the full-weight sections in these columns last

FOR SALE

50 coloaies of Italian aud Carniolan BEES
for sale, all in IJ^-story 8 frame hives, nearly
new, and all in g^ood condition. One to 5 colo-
nies, $5 each. For larger lots write for price,
with stamp enclosed.

WM. J. HEALY.

18A4t Mineral Point, Iowa Co., Wis.

3Fraine Nuclei For Sale.

We can furnish 3-frame Nuclei of Italian Bees
with Queen, bj Maj 10, or thereafter, at $3 each,
fo.b. express office lOO miles west of Chicago.
Tested Qaeens now, at $1.25 each. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

3".t Dearborn Street,

CHICA.GO, ILL.

QUEENS

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease for
—Untested Queens, early in May, "S cts.; 2-
frame Nucleus, wiih Queen, $2.25. Eight years'
experience.

Chesley Presswood,

Mcdonald, Bradley Co., TENN.
14A4i-'8E2t please mention the Bee Joornal.

•?'A%'*KS?5»''-^'t'-

cames-

'^ Largo

he KING of It'oultry.

size, good layers oi' finest eggs.

Hardy and fearless, thebesian

lUrpose fowl. Willow legs and

Jay eyes. Illustrated circular.

26thyear. H. H. FLICK,

MANCHESTER. MD.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

May 4, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

331

year, and our friend and able commentor, Mr.
Hasty, commented on the same.

I do not wish to go into detail on the sub-
ject this time, any further than to emphasize
to honey-producers the fact that they must
cater to the demand for honey by inducing
the common class of people to buy their prod-
uct, as my experience also teaches me that it
is this class of people that consume the most
honey. But they are under the impression
that they are not getting their money's worth
when buying it, especially the light, under-
weight sections.

But I believe besides giving them a full-
Tveight section there is considerable room tor
educating them as to the value of honey as a
food and medicine. I tried a little experi-
ment in the last-named direction a year ago
last fall, spending between $15 and $20 for
local advertising, clothing the advertisements
in bee and honey tallf. I had 100 gallons of
extracted honey to sell, for which I expected
$1 per gallon, but when shipping it to the
larger cities it would net me no more than 75o.
Well, it didn't net me much more at home af-
ter deducting the expenses for advertising
and writing the same. But it brought the
honey right where it belonged, that is, to the
consumer.

But, again, it was not entirely satisfactory
to me. Being of a selfish disposition as i am,
and advertising honey as a liealth-food in gen-
eral, it benefited others who sold in the same
market nearly as much as it did me, and,
finally, I concluded I would not "go it"
alone again. A. C. F. Bartz.

Chippewa Co., Wis.

Bees Wintered Well— Rain Needed

Bees on summer stands came through the
winter in fair condition, but those wintered
in cellars and caves came through better.
There has been considerable spring dwindling
both with outdoor and cellar wintered bees.
Spring opened up very early and bloom has
made a good start, but this morning the mer-
cury stood at 10 degrees below freezing.

There seems to be an abundance of white
clover starting, but we are needing rain to
make it grow and bloDm well.

H. G. Wtkoff.

Warren Co., Iowa, April 14.

Alsike Clover as a Honey-Plant

We often hear the question asked. What is
the best honey-plant i First, in answering
this question I will suppose that I am not
■over 600 miles from Chicago. Next, that no
one raises a plant exclusively for the honey
it will produce. What is known as Swedish

JERSEY
CATTLE

will be exclu-
sively discussed
in that respons-
ible stock paper

APRIL BLOODED STOCK

Methods of ireatmentbest bulled to make money
fur readers, etc., will be coDtrlbuted on Jersey
Catrle by well-known writers. Subscribe! 2oc
a year. Send for free sample coi>y and booklet.
BLOODEO BTOCK, BOX^ai . OXFORO. PA.

TUG

Dixie Home

Please mauuon ueejoomai wnen w^tuie

to CBINITS A YEAR.

MAGAZINE, largest,
brightest and finest
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;4A4St No. 75. Birmingham. Alabama.

Plosaa "'»"*""' B«« Joomal when wtM1ii£

*' If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's f rices

•Iff -^f

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

l/ow Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

^ One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every

^ shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw

^«. the ofEer.

WALTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

ft^ease mention Bee .ioanial ■wneu "wm^T^k

BEES^^otwow'^QllEENS

We wish to say that we are now loaded with a big stock of Fine Bees and <tueen8
ready to mail now; no delay; send for what you need at once. „, ^ , j .,,..

We breed the 3 and 5 banded Italians, Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands, and Albinos,
in their purity, in separate yards from 5 to 30 miles apart.

Tested queens, .$1.25 each ; Breeders, $3 to ?5 each. Untested, from either race, <5 ots. ;

6 for $4, or $7.50 per dozen. v u.l j .. i , v

Full colonies, 1, 3 and 3 frame Nuclei cheaper than you ever bought good stock for be-
fore. No better to be had. Write for price-list FREE. , „ • .
Safe arrival and perfect satisfaction guaranteed or your money returned. Prices of
Queens to dealers, or in large lots on application.

We can sell you BBE-HIVES of yellow pine at about h:iif the cost of white pine goods.
Get our prices before you buy. ^^^^■^■.-.-r-r ^^.^

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,

W. Atchley, Mijr.

l4Atf BE3E3VIIjXjE3, BEE CO., TEXIA-S.

Please mention Bee Jonrr^al woen -wntrne

Important to You f

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINE.SS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of goods you want.
They are the ROOT GOODS, and we sell thera at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estimate and discounts. We can save y ju money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

JOSEPH NYSEWANDER 's"6T/5''6rw'% s.Des Moines, Iowa

E

§ Send for Our 1904 CaUlogland Price-Llst. S

I ourHI'VEJS and SEOTIOISrS I

I Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material. S

8 ^ By sending in your order now, you will SAVli MONEY, and O

p secure prompt shipment. S

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London.Wis. "sa |

Hease mention Bee Journal wlien writing

332

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4. 190S

Dittiner's Fojiiii is the m,.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Dlsconnts, and judge for yoarself. 1904 ontput, 50 percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax Into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER> Augusta^ Wis.

B66-SUDDli6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larg^e stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Frbe IL-

LtlSTHATED CATALOG, and

read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massle Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,NeD.: Shugart & Oureu, Council Bluffs, Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCMMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

H'ORMASiror^

Low In price. Fully guaranteed. U Send

Send for free catalogue. | fg^

lANTA MFG. CO., LI60NIER, INDIANA. FraiCatatOEll
Please mention Bee Journal when -wriung

Enyart's Comb-Foundation Gauge

Gauges 18 different shapes of starters. Easy
to cut 100 starters per minute. Illustrated cir-
cular free. J. E. ENYART & SON,

16A4t McFall, Mo.

^Hrtase roentioTi Bee Journal xnrben TvriiJ>»g

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPIING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Ciciiao xUaXiLUU. Hoo .jollTIa^la

tUvU WilldUe^

NORRIS & ANSPAGH
LEWIS' GOODS IN KENTON, OHIO

We handle a most complete line of G. B. Lewis
Go's e'oods at their regular factory prices. Dove-
tailed HIVES. SECTIONS 'all kinds),
SMOKERS. VEILS-in fact everything for
the bee-keeper. Send 10 cents for B-Pranks.
an amusing and instructive little pamphlet, or,
it will be sent free for the names and addresses
of 6 bee keepers.

Lewis Makes the Finest Supplies —
We Sell Them.

Wholesale and Retail. Send for Catalog.
13Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

DAVENPORT,

IOWA.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

G. B. Lewis Go's B-WARE,
Dadant's Foundation.

We can serve you quick and save you
freight and express charg-es. Send us
your BEESWAX tu exchange for other
goods. Send for our Catalog*.

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS.

please mention Bee Journal 'when 'wnttnfi,

alsike clover produces as much honey as any
plant grown in this region, and the honey is
of the same quality as that of white clover. It
is a fine pasture grass, and produces about
twice the forage both for stock and bees as
does the white clover. It is very hardy, does
not easily winterkill, will produce a good
crop of hay on wet or medium land, and may
be sown at any time when the land can be
worked. It produces lots of seed, and con-
sequently the seed is cheap. It is of a dark
green color, and is very small.

As compared to alfalfa, it produces all the
time, whereas alfalfa has seasons. Sweet
clover is slow in starting, and after it blos-
soms is not good for hay. Buckwheat has a
short season, and the honey is of a poor
quality. Basswood has a short season, and in
a prairie country is almost out of the ques-
tion. So I might say that white clover is the
only plant which may be compared with
alsike, but while it is equal in some respects
it will produce only about one-half as much
honey per acre, and not one-third as much
hay. Therefore, I would give alsike clover
first place as an all-around grass for honey,
hay and pasture. R. A. Morqan.

Clay Co., So. Dak.

Prospects for a Good Season

Bees have wintered splendidly here with
very little loss. Prospects are good all along
the line. The weather is fine; everything in
the fruit and vegetable line is growing and
blooming, and if the weather continues good
we will have the best and earliest spring in
years I look for a good season for honey, as
white clover is coming on fine. I have 160
colonies to start with. W. S. Feeback.

Nicholas Co., Ky., April 3.

Bees Wintered Well— Dry Weather

My bees wintered well. I have 30 colonies
that are good and strong, and one that is
somewhat weak, but I thinlf it will pull
through. I lost one during the winter.
Fruil-blossoms will be out in a few days, bar-
ring cold weather. The bees have been gath-
ering pollen for about 3 weeks from elm, box-
elder, and cotton-wood, with occasionally a
day they could not fly because of the cold. It
is quite cold to-day with north wind. Ice is
on water in tanks or pails out-doors this
morning.

Bees in this locality came through the win-
ter in pretty good condition with not more

HONE Y= JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross in case complete
in 5 gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4 50 per gross, fo.b. New York. If jou waul
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,

265 &. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.: "

Try Taylor's 3 banded leatfaer-colored and 5-
banded Golden Queens — the best honej-^ather-
e rers in America. Untested, 75c each, or }8 per
d' zen; tested, $1, or $10 per dozen; select tested,
$1.50 each; breeders, the best, $3 each. I have
been breeding queens it r 17 yearp, and I know
what a good queen is. No small qneens sent
out. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

16Atf Please mention the ilee Journal,

E.E. LAWRENCE, DONIPHAN, MO

(box 28), breeder of

Fine Italian Queen Bees

Orders booked now and filled
in rotation. Send for price-list.

Queens, Bee - Supplies,

Honey, etc., in exchange

for Flower and Garden

Machine, Rifle and Cart-

Wanted

Seeds, Books, Gas

ridges. Silverware, Bicycle, Microscope, etc.
ISAlt C. W. UNQER. Taftvllle, Conn.

I Please mention Bee journal 'when writlnK

May 4, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

333

u

DADANT'S FOUIiDATM"

IT ESZOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION,

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES « ^

OF ALL KINDS.

##^

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
strtictible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
salts. Comb foandation made easily and

?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

P?~J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writing,

OoldenQoeens and Bees

Ready June 1. Hustlers for honey; very gen*
tie, non-swarming. Price-list now ready— also
an 8-page leaflet on queen-rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writlna

5 R /).80 F«r
I ^ 200 Egq
INCUBATOR

perfect in coDstmotioo and
actloD. Hatches every fertUe
egg. Write for catalog to-daj

QEO. H. STAHL, Quin^, III.

Please mention Bee Journal "wlien ■writing,

Tested Queens by Return Mall,
—$1.00 Each—

We have a larg-e number of Choice Tested
Queens, reared last September and October, and
wintered in 4-frame nuclei; these queens are
▼ifforons and prolific, and of our fine strain of
Three-Band Italians. Just the queens to build
up weak colonies. Try them. Send for circular.

,,. ^ J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

ISAtf LoKEAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

Please mention Bee Journal wban writlim

than average loss. The season so far has been
dryer than last but we look for rain soon.
Farm crops are in good condition — spring
grain all in, and farmers are waiting for corn-
planting weather to get to work at that.

J. M. LiNSCOTT.

Gage Co., Nebr., April 14.

Bees in Good Condition

Bees have wintered very well up to date; in
fact, I never saw bees show so little signs of
dysentery when they were placed on the sum-
mer stands as they did this spring. I have
160 colonies.

Success to the American Bee Journal.

Wabd Lamkin.

Cayuga Co., N. Y., April 4.

Last Season a Very Poof One

The season of I'wM was a very poor one for
honey in this locality. I commenced in the
spring with 18 colonies, and my honey crop
was about 400 pounds. I now have 31 colo-
nies. My bees are coming out on cold days
and dying on the snow. I have kept bees for
30 years, and never had eo many come out on
cold days before. I packed them on the
summer stands better than I ever did.

Putnam Co., Ind., Feb. 20. C. Job.

Bees Wintered Splendidly in a Cave

The last was a pcur season in this locality.
Not very much surplus honey, but the bees
built up in good sb.ipe for winter. I put 51
colonies in a cave bxiiix6 feet, and lookout
49 and one queenkss, there being only one
dead colony. I ttiiul; this excellent, consid-
ering the crowded condition.

Last year my buter half did most of the
hiving of swaruit, my professional work
keeping me at tii' office almost all of the
time during swar 'j-time. I intend to quit
practicing in a y ■; or two. I am going
North, and intend '.. keep about 300 colonies

Wanted

V^^kl^ BROWN LEGHORNS

Noted Winter-Laying Strain. Coclierel Ma-
tin?, headed by Rochester Prize-Winner; Eggs,
$2.00 per 13. Puilet IVIatinir, headed by pullet
line; pedigreed; Exmoor males, $2 50 per 15.
Flock on range, headed uy 2d Wis. State Fair
winner, and others of equal quality, $1.00 per
IS. Hens in all pens result of IS years' scientific
breeding.

Single Comb Buff Orpingtons. The grand
new breed. No better quality in existence. $2 00
per IS eggs.

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. Hens up to 23
pounds each. Not inbred. Eggs $2.S0 per 19:
2S for $5 00.

MRS. MILLIE tlONftKER, Viroqua, Wis.

15-17-18A3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEES in shipping-boxes
on L. or Danz. frames
ready to ship now. State
kind, price, safe arrival guaranteed. Address,
J. B. MASON.
liAtf Mechanic Falls, Mainb.

Bees For Sale Cheap

I wish to reduce my bees, and ofiEer strong 3-
L.-frame Nuclei, without queens, combs nearly
solid with sealeu brood, at $1.50 each. With
queens, at 2Sc to SOc more, according to the
Italian blood; all to be good, prcliQc queens.
Satisfaclion guaranteed. Can ship at once.

18A2t OEO. W. QATES, Bartlett. Tenn.

Will Sell or Exchange

45 complete 8 frame L. dovetailed HIVES
(except frames), and 180 8-frame Ideal comb
honey Supers, for bees in 10 frame hives or
strong Nuclei. WM. C. DAVENPORT.

18A2t L. Bo.x 80, WiLMETTE, III.

FOR SALE

About 125 colonies of BEES, mostly Italian,
in good 8 and 10 frame hives. Reference, N. E.
France. For particulars write,

G. G. PIERCE, Kilbourn, Wis.

334

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4. 190S

of bees. I think we will increase to 80 this
year. I am going to try to ship my bees when
I go away. W. H. Ellis.

Calhoun Co., Iowa, March 25.

Bees Doing Well— Good Market for
Honey

I have 13 colonies of bees, all in the cellar,
which seem to be getting through the winter
all right. They had a flight Jan. 31, and
seemed to be very strong ; they tried to rob
each other.

Last season I secured from 7 colonies 285
pounds of comb honey in 4i4x43ii'xl}3 plain
sections. I use the 8-frame kind with gable
covers.

1 am in the heart of a town of 6000 inhabi-
tants, and you know hew long 285 pounds of
nice, white honey would last in such a place.
1 sell all my honey at 15 and 17 cents per sec-
tion, and I would sell very much more if I
had it the whole year around. I have 2 colo-
nies of pure Italians, the first I ever had. I
am completely "struck " on them, as they are
very prolific.

There are about 50 colonies of bees in this
town, owned by 8 different bee-keepers, so
you see that we do not hurt each other's busi-
ness. There are only two of us who take the
" Old Reliable." I have loaned my Bee Jour-
nal to some of my neighbors, and think per-
haps I will he able to get them to subscribe.
S. W. Stalet.

Franklin Co., Pa., Feb. 27.

Bees Wintered Well— liome-Made
Bee-Supplies

I started with 4 colonies of bees 3 years
ago, and they stored 30O pounds of surplus
honey the first year, but last year they did
very poorly. I had 10 colonies, and secured
only 70 pounds of surplus honey. The bees
wintered well, as I lost only one colony each
winter. I now have 14 colonies, which I took
out of the cellar two weeks ago, all in good
condition.

I am a common laborer and have no capital
to start with, so I make my own hives in my
spare time. I think thebeesare a poor man's
friend, as they can be handled with small
means. I have made a bee-veil out of the
cover of a tobacco pail and a screen. I out
out the center of the cover just enough to let
the crown of my hat through and nailed the
screen all around it, and sowed a thin cloth
on the bottom.

I also have a little trick for nailing brood-
frames. I take an inch board 20 inches long
and 83^ inches wide, make a slide on each
end of the board by nailing on a pair of cleats
and a piece of band-iron for a spring to hold
in place the end-pieces of the frame. Then I
nail the top-bar to the top of the board. I
next turn the board over and nail on the bot-
tom. This makes the frame stiff and true. A
little boy can nail frames together just as
well as a man. This plan may help some
novice. A. L. Oliver.

Benton Co., Minn., March 9.

The Big Song Success

" Dreaming ol that Old Kentucky
Home." Tremendous hit with all who hear it.
In order to introduce will send a copy on re-
ceipt of 10 cents. This ofEer good for a short
time only. Cut rate in music. Send for cat-
alog.

THE DftNIELSON CO., Jamestown, N. Y.

14C3t Mention Bee Journal when writing-.

BABNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERT

Read what J. I. Parent, of
' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
' bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
ICM} honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a trreat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
. to make, and we expect to do
^' it with this Saw. It will do all
TOO «ay it will.'* Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

Yorl^ Honey JiiSi-pll

Co.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

141 £!: 143

Ontario Street,

CHICAGO,

ILL.

5 short citv blocks north

of theC. & N.W. R R.

passenger statiou.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

LEWIS' GOODS IN CHICAGO.

Best and most direct Shipping Point
in the World.

H. M. Aknd, Manager.

We have on hand a large stock of

Lewis' Popular Bee-Supplies

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Shipping°Cases —

everything used by the practical, up-to-date bee-
keeper.

OitHlog- and prices on Honey on application.
If you want Ciiood <j!oo<ls at Factory Prices and

Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking-
Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

Read This and do it (|iikk

The Modern Farmer,

Agricultural Epitomist,

Green's Fruit Grower,

The Mayflower, and

Ten Beautiful Bulbs,

All One Year, 50 cents.

New subscribers to American Bee Journal
can add 60 cents and get it also one year.
Address,

MODERN FARMER,

BoxB,

SX. JOSEPH. 9IO.

bo SJBO.C Xo '^l C Tiio.ij isi;] puy
o ^riQ Of) JaAox ^

Pul'd 1878, "S-J, '82 & lUOS El

Otisvillk, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Frbd Fodnbr.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; advertisers.

VIRGINIA QUEENS Ifrc^Jtr.iryV^ri

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Hutchittson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June IS, 60c; tested
queens, $1.0fl; after June 15, "Sc; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June IS, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
n\2tit Fredericksburg, Va.

One-Piece Sections

"Columbia Brand"

Strictly High-Grade -in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBIft MFG. GO. ^""yJli"'

t^ease TBAxitJOD Bee Journal ■wnen wntuue.

For Qu66n§ -£S&-

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1; Untested. "Sc; 6 for $3.25; 10 for
S6 ; 15 for $8.25 ; 25 for $12.50 ; 100 for $45. Ho
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3:21.) 6Atf

Please xnencioix Bee j otim^t] 'wben writing

1 1-2 STORY

8 frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-way su
pers, Jl.OO. No. 1 Sections, $4.00 for 1,000. 24-lb.
Shipping-Cases, $13 00 for 100; 12 lb., $8.00 for
100; 20-lb. Danz., $11.00 for 100.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc., by the Car-Load One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free with orders of $10 or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W. D. 80PER.
lOCtf RT.3. JACKSON. MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal when wntins,

May 4 lyi 5

IHt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

335

Guaranteed Superiority !

L0W6S^PriC68

We have been makings Bee-
Hlves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The AmericanBee Keeper

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

199 South Water ST. Chicago. III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOQ OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best mabes of Dovetailed
H'.ves, one piece Sections, Comb Foundation,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Bees add Queens for sale
in season. A. W. SWIS H CO., Cpiilralia, Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

i.^^A>.

STANDARD

1 Poultry AND

} Rpf^ SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS: BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
T0LjB!I30, - OHIO.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

Headquarters for BeC'SuppIies

COUPIETE STOCK FOE 1905 NOW ON HIHII.
FBEIGBT BITES FBOH CIICINNITI ABE TBI LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is V7hat I practice.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.
Send for same.
Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by
ordering now.
Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

a^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C.H.W WEBER ='

Otfice ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, April l>s.— A carload of comb honey,
(said to be from Colorado) came on the market
about the first of the month. It was placed with
a firm that does not make a specially of honey,
and to some extent has upset prices when
looked at in print. It is put up in 24 section flat
cases with wood slides instead of glass, and is
more or less cand ied. Choice white comb brings
125ic; No. 1, ll&12c; amber, 8(an0c. Extracted,
white, 6@7c; amber, SH®f>iic; price being gov-
erned by quality, Ilavor and package. Beeswax
30c if clean and of good color.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, .Vpril 20. — The conditions of the
honey market to day are not encouraging. The
consumption is lacking, although we are look-
ing forward lo brighter days in the honey mar-
ket. We continue to quote amber e.xtracted in
barrels and cans, SHiSiH cents; white clover,
7@8c. Fancy white comb honey, 12@13c. Bees-
wax, 28c. TheFred W.MOTH Co.

New York, April 1''.— There Is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only. Beeswax firm at 30c.

Hn.DRBTH & Sboblken.

Philadelphia, April 19. — There has not been
much call for honey in the last two weeks. Pri-
ces remain unchauged. We quote: Fancy
white, ll@l2c; No. f, 10@llc: amber, 9c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6(5 7c; amber, Sii@6c. Beeswax,
28 cents.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Boston, April 24.— The demand for honey is
ligbt and the supply is, we would consider,
heavy for this time of the year. Without ques-
tion, much will be carried over to another sea-
son as the sales ha -e been, generally speaking,
light through the entire vear. Fancy white we
quotest 16c; A No. 1, at 15c; No. 1, at 14c. Ex.
tracted, from (-(S^s:. according to quality.

Blake, Scott & Lbs.

Kansas City, Mai ch 31.— The honey situa-
tion does not improve. While there is a little
better movement the prices seem to be lower.
Fancy white brinir- t2 a case: No. 1, $1.75; am-
ber and lower gr.i'if!5 from $1.25 to H.SO, Ex-
tracted, 4X@6c. E-eswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

CiNCiHNATi, O., ' jrll 18.— The large stock of
comb hooey, yet 7ered with hardly any de-
mand, caused lo»'s- rices. I quote fancy water
white at 12c; other ^ - ade« in proportion, lower.

Extracted is In the usual demand for this time
of the year; quote amber in barrels at 5K@5^c;
in cans, }ic more; v.hite clover, from 7(g8c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Wbber.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12(ail3c;
mixed, 10(»llc; buckwheat, 10@ilc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6Hc; white,
6@6^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, April 12.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections. 11@12 cents; amber,8S10c. Extracted
white, S5<@6 cents; light amber, 4@Sc; am
ber, 3@>«3c; dark amber, 2}4@3c. Beeswax
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

Stocks on the local market are not heavy and
mostly common amber grades. The demand Is
slow. The new season being near, handlers are
awaiting arrivals of new crop, which are ex-
pected to put In an appearance early in May.

IN THE HEART OF IVIIGHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over J4 of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Fere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

15A12t FREMONT. MICH-
PURE ITALIAN BEES

The most beautiful, most prolific, best work-
ers, and since loag"*tongued the best honey-
gatberiai? strain of bees. Hig^hest award at St.
Louis Uoiversal Exposition. Extra Select
Breeding Queens, $3: 6 for $16; doz., $30. Se-
lected Queen 'young Tested), $2; t> for $11; doz.,
$20. Special pi ices on 50 or 100 Queens. Pay-
ment Is to be made by Postal Money Orders. If
by chance a Queen arrives dead, she is to be re-
turned at once, with a post-office certificate, and
another Queen will be sent free. Address,
ANTHONY BIAGQI,
Pedeville, near Bellinzona,

Italian Switzerland.

18A.lt

Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

We are now able to quote lower prices than ever
before. Highest (juality Kuaranteerl. We handle the
G. B. Lewis Co'b Koods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives. Send for my tw-page CatatOK. and
leatiet for beKi'in-^rs. They are free.

44Etf W. .1. MCCARTY, Emmetsburc. Iowa.

Please mention Bee Journal
when vnitlns Advertisers,

336

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 4, 1905

Why I the Little Rascals!!

That's'what you will say when tou read oar little book. " Bee Pranks." This pamphlet is compiled from newspaper clipping's and contains
many strange and laughable accuudts of the doings of the busy bee. It also gives you in a nutshell what the great writers have said about this
wonderful litt:e insect.

BEE

4

PR4NKS

Price
10 cents

GIVEN FREE

■for the names and addres8e»'o£ five bee-keepers in your Ticinity. If you have not read this little book, be sure to secure a copy at once for this offe,
bolds good only while they last. Published only by

Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY,
Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, WATERTOWN, WIS.

a\nencan

^ee 3ourna

WEEKLY-SI. OO A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, Hi., MAY 11, 1905

No. 19

338

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 11. 1905

Chicago PhiladelDhia New York

144 E. Erie St. lo Vine St.

The A. I. Root Company offers unexcelled advantag-es to the bee-keeper.

44 Vesey St.

Prompt Shipments! Full Stocks! QnickTime! Low Freight!

Now is the time tbe average bee-keeper wants Supplies, and wants them quick ! Now is the time the advantages ofEered by the A. I. Root
Company are most apparent. With branches and agents in all principal bee and railroad centers the time consumed between the mailing of
the order and receipt of the goods is reduced to a minimum Write to the nearest branch or agent for Catalog. Remember our prices are as
low as consistent with good goods, and that we are the leaders in improvements. Complete information on request.

The Latest Improvements in Honey-Extractors

»•!•«

»•^«

►•!•«

»->4
»-i-4

»-i-4

•^••■^4

I

ROOT'S AUTOMATIC 8-FRAMB HONEY-EXTRACTOR CONNECTED TO RUN WITH A SMALI,

GASOLINE-ENGINE

The long-wished-for practical Automatic Reversing Extractor has at last been found. The Root Automatic solves the question com-
pletely. No complicated mechanism; it is simplicity itself. All orders for 4-frame Cowan or larger will be fitted with the Root Automatic at
the regular price of the Cowan.

When a bee-keeper has a large amount of extracting to do, requiring a large machine, an Engine for running the Extractor is almost a
necessity. To furnish power in such cases we are prepared to supply a small Gasoline Engine, specially built for this work. If you are inter-
ested write for complete description and price.

Best Book for Beginners

Arranged in the form of an encyclopedia so that
any information can be found in an instant. The
subjects are completely covered, and brought com-
pletely up lo the times by constant revision. The
book is beautifully illustrated by the finest half-
tones. lOOlh thousand. lnOo edition. Price, $1.20,
postpaid.

Bees and Queens

We are prepared to furnish Nuclei and full col-
onies of Italian Bees. Also our Red Clover ana
Honey Straiu of Italian Queens, as well as Imported
Queens. Upon the queen depends the prosperity of
the colony. See to it that your queens are young
and vigorous, and the honey is sure if there are
flowers. Write for our price-list.

TI16 fl. I. ROOl GOIllDanU factory and Executive otnce: |y|g(|l[]a^ QllJO

10 Branch Houses

Hundreds of Agents

9e,&&&e&e&&&&&&&^&^^^^^s^^^&^^i&&&*''

^ERICAlr

Entered at the PoBt-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
rublislied IVeekly at SI.OO a Tear l>y Ueorge W. Ifork & Co., 334 Uearborn St.

QBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY 11, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 19

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III,

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal Ifl
Sl.fHj a year. In the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries tn the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance, *' dec<t5" on your label shows thai it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, 1904.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist.— To promote the interests of Its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful rlsfhtB.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00
General Manager and Treasurer —

N, K. Kkance, Platteville, Wis.

i^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

The Honey-Producers' League

<lNCORPOKATEDJ

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

'2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.on for each
20 (or fraction of 2o» colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

'2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
drm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of f 10. increased by one-
nfth of one (1 ) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George W. York. Manager.

3a4 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
ltfo.%. we will give an untested Ithlian queen for
sending usONE NEW subscription wlth$l.ooforthe
Bee J(jurnal a year. Now Is 11 good time to get new
subscrilters. It you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

/T

(Sbttortal Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

'^

\=

J'

The Money-Producers' League

Since the last report the Manager has re-
ceived the following memberships with annual
dues as indicated :

H. G. Acklin

? 14

D I. Wagar

3

T. P. Andrews

4

15

Geo E.Goodwin ...,

4

E. F. Tiedt

5

C H Harlan

4

R. S. Chapia

3

2

Thomas Meyers

E. A. Doney

1

1

2

Colo. Honey-Producers'
Chas. Stewart

Association 14
13

1

Gustave Gross

2

Frank Proctor

1

A. A. Clarke

5

C. F. Walker

2

i

C. W. Price

1

W. T. Cary

3

Ed Blackstone

1

Jacob Hofmeister

3

Wm. Muth-Raemussen. .

10

Previously reported
Total

1223

$1341

In the first column on this page the reader
will find something about the League, its
objects and dues. We trust more of our sub-
scribers will become members at once. Active
work will be commenced just as soon as there
is a sufficient fund in the treasurer's hands.

Some Newspaper Qlucose Yarns

Thanks are due -los. M. Hynek for translat-
ing into English some of the things said about
bees in a periodical published in a foreign
tongue, in the following letter;

Editor York: — I read an article a few
days ago in Iluspodar, of Omaha, Nebr.,
stating this:

" People in liirre cities think, when they
buy sealed comb lioney, that it is pure honey,
but it is not always so. There are many pro-
fessional bee-kei-|>ers that have their bees
work all summer tu store glucose honey. The
glucose is placed elose by the bees in open
barrels purposely prepared for the bees to
store it and seal ii. The bees will not go a
longdistance to I jk for nectar when they
can get the gluo. ■: • near by. There are cases
of merchants in l;ir,'e cities who keep a few
hives of bees on their roofs, and have glucose

near by to make it into honey. These bees in
largecities never see a blossom of any kind,
and if they were transferred to the country
they would get scared over different kinds of
blossoms and flowers all full of nectar."

Now, Editor York, is it possible to keep
bees on glucose all the year around? I am a
beginner with bees, and know but very little
about how to manage them, but I don't want
any one to run down comb honey, or to run
down professional bee-keepers. I could not
call them professional bee-keepers who sell
glucose for honey.

Please give us some information on this
subject in the American Bee Journal. I am
well pleased with the American Bee Journal.

Sauk Co., Wis. Jos. M. Htnre.

The Hospodar ig no doubt innocent of
originating the statements made,' having
probably copied them from some paper pos-
sessed of a reporter with an imagination in
lively working order. It may be that it will
be glad to malie a few statements possibly not
quite so sensational, but at least having the
virtue of being entirely truthful. The fol-
lowing statements it may safely make without
fear of contradiction :

There are not many — there is not one pro-
fessional bee-keeper — in the land who has his
bees working all summer storing glucose, for
the simple reason that bees could not be in-
duced to do so. Only under stress could
they be induced to take glucose in limited
quantity for a short time.

It glucose, honey, or any liquid sweet were
placed near the bees in an " open barrel,"
and if the bees should attempt to take it, the
barrel would simply be filled with drowned
bees.

If a thousand barrels of glucose were placed
close by a colony of bees, and the nectar of
flowers were to be reached by going 2 miles,
the 3 miles would be cheerfully traversed, and
not a bee would touch the glucose. Their
natural instinct makes them prefer nectar, or
its product — hoaey — to any other food that
could possibly be offered them.

(Juite a number of bee-keepers in the large
cities keep bees on roofs or elsewhere, and
these city bees produce tons of honey just as
sweet and pure as that gathered by their
country cousins, and they make it from pre-
cisely the same material — the nectar of
flowers. Some of them may have to go quite
a distance to reach the flowers, but they are

340

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 11, 1905

sure to find them unerringly, and nothing
less than Nature's product will satisfy them.
Will the Hospodar kindly give its readers
the benefit of the preceding /ac(s?

Invention of the Movable. Frame Hive

It is a bit amusing to find that " locality "
plays a part even in the matter of credit for
the invention of the movable-frame hive. The
average American bee-keeper will tell you
that it is the invention of Langstroth, with
probably no thought that any one in the wide
world should have any other idea. The Ger-
man bee-keeper will tell us that we are in-
debted to Dzierzon for the movable frame,
and likely he has never heard the name Lang-
stroth. L'Abeille Domestique, a late French
text-book, utterly ignores both Dzierzon and
Langstroth, and names Delia Rocca as the in-
ventor. Langstroth modestly disclaims en-
tire credit, saying it was the work of more
than one ; but if Langstroth had never given
us the movable frame in its present form, it
is not 80 very likely that very many of us to-
day would be using it. Dzierzon, who de-
serves undying fame for having given us the
Dzierzon theory— parthenogenesis— can hardly
be said to have invented a movable franw.,
because he had only a top-bar, cutting away
the sides of the comb each time a comb was
taken out, and for years he stoutly adhered
to this, having no use for end-bars or bottom-
bar. Still less practicable was the invention
of Delia Rocca.

Bee-Keeping— Farmers' Bulletin 59

This bulletin, first issued by the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, at Washington, D.
C, in July, 1897, was revised in March of this
year by its author, Frank Benton, who is in
charge of apicultural investigations by our
Government. Like other publications of a
similar nature, copies may be had on applica-
tion to any Senator, Representative, or Dele-
gate to Congress, or to the Secretary of Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C.

Considerable new and very interesting mat-
ter has been added to this revised edition of
"Bee-Keeping," Bulletin No. 59, from which
we quote these paragraphs:

COMB rOTJNDATION.

Comb foundation is now manufactured with
extra thin septum or base, and with the be-
ginnings of the cells marked out by somewhat
thicker walls which the bees immediately
thin down, using the extra wax in deepening
the cells. This is not artificial comb, but a
thin sheet of wax having the bases of the cells
outlined on it. Complete artificial combs
have never been used in a commercial way,
although there exists a widespread belief to
this effect, which is founded on extravagant
claims that have appeared from lime to time
in newspaper articles.

NO MAHTJFACTDRBD COMB HONET.

Owing to the appearance of statements of
a sensational character to the effect that com-
plete honey-combs are manufactured by
machinery and filled with sweets lower in
price than honey (glucose, cane-sugar, or
mixtures of these), then sealed over and sold
in the market as genuine honey, a strong sus-
picion exists regarding the comb honey com-
monly offered for sale. Wide circulation has
been given to these wild stories by sensational
newspaper writers, and even monthly periodi-
cals, usually far more discriminating and
accurate, have repeated them. Some writers
have even tried to locate the " comb-honey
factories " in given cities, but investiga-
tion has always shown that the locations

were mythical. The forfeit of $1000 which a
reputable firm has had standing for 1.5 years
past for a pound of manufactured comb honey
of a nature to deceive the buyer still remains
unclaimed.

The National Bee-Keepers' Association, at
its annual convention held in St. Louis in
1904, offered also a like forfeit of 11000 for
satisfactory proof of the existence of such a
thing as manufactured comb honey. But no
claimant has come forward, notwithstanding
the $3000 which awaits his proof. The fact
is, there is no truth in the "yarn," and no
one has thus far shown the thing possible.
The comb honey in the markets is pure and
wholesome — a healthful and nourishing sweet,
easier to digest than cane-sugar or any of the
syrups so commonly sold. It is worth a place
on the tables of all who can afford to use it.

LEGISLATION AfFECTING APICCLTCRE.

Many States have in recent years passed
laws having for their purpose the eradication
or suppression of contagious diseases among
bees. Slate and county inspectors have been
appointed under these laws, whose duty it is
to go aljout and ascertain where diseased col-
onies of bees are located, and recommend the
treatment to be given, or, in some cases, to
carry out this treatment, even to the com-
plete destruction of colonies or apiaries where
the virulence of the attack seems to warrant
it. Where these laws have been conscien-
tiously and energetically executed, much has
been accomplished toward freeing the apiaries
of the given State from disease.

Some States have passed laws making it a
misdemeanor to spray fruit-trees during the
time of blossoming, since thereby bees are
poisoned, and besides the injury to the api-
arist the pollenation of the fruit-blossoms is
seriously interfered with.

Laws against the sale of adulterated goods
as genuine, known commonly as pure-food
laws, are in operation in some of the States,
and where bee-inspectors or bee-keepers have
taken the pains to have these laws applied to
the marketing of honey, a check has been
put upon the selling of adulterated honey in
the liquid form, which has been practiced to

a greater or less extent, and still occurs \a
some of the city markets.

In general, the rights of bee-keepers to own
and cultivate bees, either within the limits of
cities or on farms adjoining those devoted to
grazing and general stock raising, are becom-
ing more clearly defined through decisions of
supreme and county courts. In this connec-
tion the work of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association should receive mention.

This organization is in no sense a trades
union, but has for for its purpose the defense
of its members against unjust attacks upon
their legal rights, the suppression, in so far
as possible, of the sale of adulterated honey,
the securing of legislation for the protection
of its members and favorable to the general
advance of the industry, as well as the dis-
semination among its members of advanced
ideas in bee management and information re-
garding the marketing of apiarian products.
The membership fee of one dollar per annum
entitles every honey-producer to membership
and participation in all of the benefits enumer-
ated, as well as to the published report of the
annual convention held by the association.
The membership numbers nearly 2000 at the
present time, and the influence of this large
body of intelligent bee-masters is already
being appreciably felt in the general advance
of the industry in this country.

Foul-Brood Leslslatlon in England

Foul brood is reported to be on the increase
in some parts of England, and probably will
so continue so long as ignorant and careless
l)ee-keepers have no fear of legal restraint
from scattering the seeds of the disease.
Legislation does not seem very near at hand,
and, strange to tell, the chief hindrance is
the apparently hopeless disagreement of bee-
keepers. In this country scarcely any practi-
cal bee-keeper opposes legislation, the only
trouble being to get legislatures to move in
the matter.

r

2Tti5ceIlancou5 Hetps 3tcm5

=^

\=

J

Chairman R. Ij. Taylor, of the Board
of Directors of the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation,writes us that by a practically unani-
mous vote the General Manager of the
National will hereafter receive 30 percent of
the receipts from dues as his annual salary.
But even that amount will be small pay for
the services of a man like Mr. N. E. France.

How to Keep Bees is the title of " a
handbook for the use of beginners, by Anna
Botsford Comstock, B. S.," and published by
Doubleday, Page & Company, of New York,
N. T. The price is $1.00 net, or $1.10 post-
paid. It is cloth-bound, with 326 pages, 32 of
which contain photographic illustrations. The
preface contains these words :

" It is not intended to be a complete treatise
for the professional apiarist, but rather a
handbook for those who would keep bees for
happiness and honey, and incidentally for
money. It is hoped, too, that it will serve as
an introduction to the more extended manuals
already in the field."

New French Bee-Book.—" L'Abeille
Domestique " (The Domestic Bee) is the title
of a work of 350 pages, duodecimo, published
in France, written by Lucien Iches. It is
printed in clear type, with 132 illustrations,
and for a book of its size seems well tilled
with up-to-date information. It is divided
into four parts: I. The Apiary. II. Anatomy
and Physiology of the Bee. III. Management
of the Apiary. IV. Products of the Bees.

French readers may obtain the work for 3
francs from Garnier Freres, 6 Rue des Saints-
Peres, Paris.

Mr. A. B. Carpenter, of Tulare Co.,
Calif., writing us Ma.v 1, said:

" With me swarming is getting late, prob-
ably on account of cool weather. Bees are
filling every nook and corner of their hives
with honey. I think some of going to ex-
tracting, regardless of swarming, only par-
tially, however. Appearances indicate a good
honey season."

We-st Florida Bee-Keeping seems to
have had a backset according to the following
from Mr. J. B. Hunter:

" Just as we were getting ready to take the
tupelo crop of honey, a fearful rainstorm set
in and cut the crop off almost entirely."

Mr. and 3Irs. Thos. Wni. Cowan, of

London, England, passed through Chicago
Saturday, April 29, en route to their Califor-
nia home, in Monterey County. Mr. Cowan,
as most of our readers know, is the honored
senior editor of the British Bee Journal.

It is Mr. and Mrs. Cowan's intention to re-
main in California until late autumn, then
visit British Columbia, and after that return
across the continent through Canada on their
homeward journey. They have crossed the
Atlantic seven times, and think that once

May 11, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

341

more may be the last crossing. They expect
to reach London a^^ain about Jan. 1, 1906.

Mrs. Cowan had contracted a severe cold on
the Ocean, so was not very well when she
arrived in Chicago. But Mr. Cowan was
looking and feeling first-rate ; in fact, even
better than two j ears ago when he was here,
we think.

Mr. and Mrs. Cowan are delightful people
to meet, and we regretted that we were not
permitted to see more of them. They have
been in our country so often, and for so long
a time heretofore, that they seem more like
our own people than foreigners.

We, as no doulji all who know them, wish
them a pleasao' summer in their home in
"Sunset Land,' and then a safe return to
their native and Ttir-away England.

On the front putje we present one of Mr.
Cowan's latest pictures, which we think is a
very good one.

The Minne.<iota Association, through
its Secretary, sends the following for publica-
tion, which is of interest to Minnesota bee-
keepers ;

Editor American Bbb Journal: — The
Secretary of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers'

Association is authorized by the Executive
Committee to deny the statements made in a
recent circular sent out by the so-called
"Committee on Co operation," in so far as
they relate to the connection of that Commit-
tee with the Association. At the annual
meeting held Dec. 7, 1904, the chair ruled
that the Committee was not appointed by,
nor as a part of, the Association, and, there-
tore, had no standing in the meeting. An
appeal to the house being taken, the ruling
was sustained by a decisive vote. In view of
these facts, the Association does not wish to
be placed in the false light of appearing to
endorse, or be responsible for. the statements
in the circular referred to. Yours truly,
Mrs. W. S. Wingate, Sec.
May 1, 1905.

-V Contrtbutcb ^-
Special Clrticles

^

-^

Home Marketing of Honey— Unripe Honey

BY S. B. SMITH

ON page SI, those who could sell more honey than they can
produce right in their home market, are invited to tell

how they do it. As I belong to that class, I will tell how
I do.

The first and most important of all is good, ripe honey.
The second requisite is neatness. Prepare the honey for mar-
ket in such a manner that it will be attractive, pleasing to
the eye. I work mostly for section honey, and the propolis is
all scraped off and the sections are neat and attractive, and
every section has my name stamped on it.

I have some extracted honey every year ; this I put up in
one-pint fruit-jars, holding one and one-half pounds, and in
this locality they are more salable than larger quantities.

Some bee-keepers advocate peddling honey. There is no
objection to that method of disposing of honey, provided they
like it, but I don't have to peddle mine. There is a mer-
chant here that takes all of it, and would take more if I
produced it. I get 14 cents per pound for section honey and
IS cents per pint jar for extracted honey — or 10 cents per
pound and he furnishes the jars. This man has taken my
honey for the past 8 years, and I have established such a
reputation for it that sales are readily made.

If any of the neighbors want my honey they can get it at
the same price the merchant pays me, but I am not much
troubled with neighbors' custom, as honey is peddled at 10
cents per pound for section honey, and 6 to 8 cents for ex-
tracted. I have no complaints to bring against men who sell
under market price — it is a privilege they have, and I shall
enter no protest, but I will relate a little Incident that hap-
pened last season.

Lady No. 1 bought a quantity of extracted honey of Mr.

A. for 10 cents a pound. Lady No. 2 went to Mr. A. to buy
honey, but when told that the price was 10 cents a pound she
said, "Mr. B. is selling honey for 7 cents a pound, and Mr. C.
for 6 cents." The result was that she bought honey of Mr.

B. at 7 cents.

As time passed Mr. A. dined with lady No. 1, and she had
some of his honey on the table, and when she passed it she
remarked that there was a great difference in honey. Vour
honey is thick and good-flavored. I was at lady No. 2's the
other day, and we had some of Mr. B.'s honey, and it was t bin
and watery, and of very bad flavor.

The readers of the American Bee Journal can draw their
own inferences, but Mr. A. went home without any eiimity
against the 7-cent honey man.

A good name is greatly to be desired, and I think mon of
a good name than I do of many pounds of unripe extraoled
honey. My honey is all ripe when taken from the hive,
whether in sections or extracted, and I will say that the man
who always puts good, ripe honey on the market in a nat,
attractive manner will never lack for customers. The itc!\an-
tage or disadvantage of putting your name on your honey is a
matter for each to decide ; with me it is an advantage.

I will give my opinion on extracting unripe honey, t 'ere
seems to be a strife among bee-men in this vicinity to see .vho

can get the largest amount of extracted honey. The hives
are closely watcbed, and as soon as the combs arc well filled
with honey, with little or no capping .done, the honey is ex-
tracted. Those who follow this method obtain a large amount
of thin honey of a poor quality, thereby doing great harm to
the market.

I was very much interested in the report of the convention
of the National ISee-Keepers' Association held at St. Louis,
especially what is said about "extracting unsealed honey,"
on page 61 of the American Bee Journal, and I approve Mr.
France's idea about extracting unripe honey. I say, let it
remain on the hive until it is ripe. Perhaps the quantity of
well-ripened honey will be a little less than that of unripe
honey, but the quality is much better, and it is quality, not
quantity, that I want. Honor is the foundation upon which
every man should build, and let that honor be unsullied.

There is much complaint about the poor quality of ex-
tracted honey, and it will be thus until some bee-keepers
learn that it is to their advantage to have a good article of
honey instead of a poor one in the market. Let us deal hon-
estly with ourselves and our fellowmen. It takes a little
longer to do a piece of work well, than only half do it, and it
takes a little longer to produce good, ripe honey than it does
the unripe, but it pays better in the end, every time.

Mille Lacs Co., Minn.

#

The Deterioration of Races of Bees

BY ARTHUR C. IMItLER

FROM time immemorial until a comparatively recent date
it was the custom among the so-called Christian peoples
to " take up" or destroy their heaviest colonies of bees,
which meant the killing of the most virile, and left the less
suitable to perpetuate the race. The evil results of this prac-
tice at last became apparent, attention possibly being called
to it by information from Eastern peoples ; at any rate, bee-
keepers in the 17th century began to practice " taking up "
the weak and medium colonies, and leaving the best for stock.

Also, there were soon begun efforts and devices for secur-
ing part of the honey without destroying the bees. The evil
results of the long-continued practice of "selecting the unfit"
for breeding were not to be overcome in a season, and until
after the introduction of the yellow races we find frequent
references pointing to weak stock.

The yellow bees came from the followers of Mahomet,
who are forbidden to take animal life except for food, and
whose practice was to deprive the bees of only a part of their
honey, which gave opportunity for the law of the survival of
the fittest to work untrammeled by the hands of unwise men.
Despite their sojourn in Italy, this Eastern blood seemed virile
enough when it reached here, and its superiority to the native
stock was quickly seen.

The introduction and spread of the yellow bees from Italy,
and the benefits derived therefrom, are too recent history to
need repetition here, but not long ago evidences of weakness
began to appear in this race in various parts of the country.
Contagious diseases spread with alarming rapidity, and re-
ports of less serious ailments came from all sides. These con-
ditions have been ascribed to various causes, but there is a dis-
agreement as to which one is the most important. Possibly the
publicity given the subject of bee-diseases accounts for the
recognition and reporting of many cases, but while this would
explain the increase of reports, it does not shed light on the
conditions upon which the reports are based.

The existing state of affairs is strikingly like that exist-
ing before the introduction of the Italian bee, the natural In-
ference from which is that the stock has been losing its vigor.

342

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 11, 190S

What we may properly consider a further support of this
belief is, that not many years ago many bee-keepers began
reducing the size of the brood-chambers of their hives and
calling for smaller hives. Their queens were not keeping the
10 Langstroth frames properly filled, and the size of the hive
was blamed. Perhaps the blame was rightly placed, and then
again perhaps it was not.

Most of such reports came from bee-keepers following
well-defined lines of instruction and practice. The spread of
diseases and the gospel of small hives have followed not far
behind the heels of the " transferred-larvaj " system of queen-
rearing ; just far enough behind to give strength to the sus-
picion that they are related. The system was well exploited,
judicious advertising increased the sale of queens reared by
the system, and the evils have increased also.

It is idle for the advocates of that system to say the
queens are as fine as any that can be produced by any method,
until they can show that the above-mentioned evils have no
connection with that system.

The system as taught and practiced, together with the
confining of the young queens in cages on candy food, makes
impossible the fulfilling of the natural laws of developing. I
make this statement knowing full well whereof I speak, and
knowing also that it will probably raise a storm of contradic-
tion. Now and then queens may be found reared by this
system, that are all that could be desired, and it would be
strange if among the thousands reared some were not found
which chanced to dodge the evils. But they are the excep-
tions. Providence Co., R. I.

#

Ezera Thrasher and His Bee-Keepin'

Br WALTER S. POUDER

MY name is Thrasher — Ezera Thrasher — and I drove to
town to look after some of your gums and other fixens
made for bees. My boys is gettin' big enough to work,
and I am going to take it easier. I am nigh SO years old, and
I am going to make a business of keepin' bees. I believe I
like the business better than anything that I know of, and I
have found out that bees work for nothin' and board them-
selves, and that is the kind of help that I have been wantin'.
The boys is now big enough to tend the place, and they are
good workers, 'specially when Manda — that's my wife— gets
out and helps 'em. I have 'leven swarms in good box-hives,
and I 'low to make just as many more swarms this season as I
kin. You see, some time ago they dropped our post-office
where I used to go to rest up, and now they have a rural route
through my neighborhood, and I was so lonesome for a while
that I hardly knew what to do, but since I g-ot in the bee-busi-
ness I am glad to stay around with my bees. I've been told
that Tim Smith, our old postmaster, was about to be fired
anyhow for closing the office on Ground Hog Day. You see
he 'lowed it was a holiday, but he found out afterwards that it
was no holiday at all."

In this manner Ezera Thrasher introduced himself to the
clerk in a bee-supply store in Indianapolis. He purchased no
supplies on this trip, but took home with him a quantity of
honey, both comb and extracted. He explained that the
neighbors seeing his bees, often wanted to buy a few pounds
of honey, but that he had none on hand. Returning, he con-
tinues thus :

" Well, I now see my way clear to handle the honey-busi-
ness in Indianapolis, both wholesale and retail next year.
This coming winter I will buy a good many sections and an
extractor. Say, you fellers told me that beatin' on tin pans
did no good towards stopping- a swarm. I want to say to you
that it does bring 'em down, for I have tried it. Why, I could
tell by the way the bees acted that they intended to lite out,
so I runs for Manda's dish-pan, and as soon as I commenced
to beat they began to lite on an apple-tree. Manda scolded
like everything about having her dish-pan beat up, but I
saved a fine swarm.

" Well as soon as they commenced to lite I sent one of the
boys over for my neighbor, Silas Alfing. Silas and I had
always been good friends, and he had never seen a swarm set-
tled in a tree before, but, blamed me, if Silas and I didn't
have a fall out right there about those bees. It was this way ;
I got up in the tree and tied Manda's clothes-line around the
limb, and I was to saw the limb off and let bees and limb
down to Silas. Just as I hollered for Silas to be ready, the
limb swung down and brushed off most of the bees, but the
limb was not cut clear off. The first thing I did was to push
away the leaves so I could look 'down and see what Silas was
doing, and what I see just beat all, for there was Silas run-
ning just as fast as he could right through Tom Jamison's

wheat-field. By this time them bees was getting thick around
my shoe-tops, and climbing right straight up. I climbed
down as fast as I could, and then I started after Silas, he
being heavy-set and me not very limber, but I soon caught up
with him, and you just ort to seen us a fightin' them bees —
seemed like we both got excited, and I hate to say it, but from
that day to this Silas has not spoke to me. Nexi year I a,m
going to belong to that big bee-association and have some
protection."

Mr. Thrasher called on us again in November, and his
enthusiasm had not subsided in the least.

" I know three fellers that are makin' a heap of money off
their bees ; one at Alexandria, one at Peru, and one at Win-
chester, and I reckon that there are plenty others doin' as
well, and it they can do it I can, too. Some of my bees are
pretty weak, and some are scarce of honey, but I 'lowed that
a swarm that don't make enough to keep 'em is no 'count. I
have 2 or 3 hives that have no queens yet, but I thought I
would get queens for them next spring."

Mr. Thrasher called on us again in the following Feb-
ruary.

"Here, you fellers, is 6 pounds of beeswax; give me what
it is worth and that settles the bee-business with me. The
hogs upset some of my best hives during that last cold-spell,
and the weak ones, too, are all dead. I am goin' back to
farmin' again, and will keep one or two more cows, for Manda
likes to help with the cows. My oldest boy is coming to town
to get on the street-cars as mo'torman, and this will leave a
heap of hard work for me. Recollect that last crate of honey
you sent me? Well, I did not do well with that crate. It was
put off at stop No. 13 on the Interurban Line all right, but it
'peared like everybody in our deestrict went and took a look
at it, and when I went to sell it they all wanted to know if I
didn' buy that honey in Indianapolis instead of gittin' it from
my own bees. I was stumped, and I have a good deal of it on
hands yet. Y'ou will find that wax all right, but Manda has
scolded a heap about me spoiling her copper-bottom wash-
boiler. Manda is always pokin fun at me, too, and asking me
what I am going to do next year !"

The last we heard about Ezera Thrasher he was down at
the State House making an effort to lobby against a whipping-
post Bill. Marion Co., Ind.

(£onr>cntton
Proccebtngs

The Illinois State Convention

J^

The 14th annual session of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Association was held in Springfield, Nov. IS and 16, 1904. The
proceedings of that meeting are published in a pamphlet, as
mentioned on page 324 of the American Bee Journal, from
which we take the following :

REPORT OF THE STATE INSPECTOR

To the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association I submit the
following report :

In making this my first annual report of State inspection,
I will say that the work to be done in this State is far
more important than the best-informed on this subject can
imagine. Bacillus alvei (foul brood) I have found to exist
from the counties bordering on Lake Michigan to the banks
of the Mississippi River.

In my work I visited bee-keepers in 32 counties, and found
foul brood in most of them. I also found the infection had
been brought by buying bees and queens from diseased api-
aries and careless dealers. Any one buying queens should be
very careful. The trouble may be avoided by removing the
queen from the cage upon arrival into a clean cage, and burn-
ing the cage and attendant bees that came by mail. I believe
that the best way to get rid of the disease is to educate the
bee-keepers through the bee-papers, agricultural and horti-
cultural publications.

A great many mistake chilled or pickled brood for foul
brood. It can be easily distinguished from foul brood, as
pickled brood, or chilled brood, occurs after the larva has
passed the 13th day from the egg. The young bee takes on
the nymph form, that is, the formation of legs, wings, etc..

May 11, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

343

while the larva infected with foul brood dies in the pu|i,i
state about the 10th day. After a few days it settles bark
into the bottom of the cell and turns Into a putrid, ropy stato,
and can not be shaken from the cells, while the pickled and
chilled brood shrivels up and can readily be drawn from tb(3
cells intact.

I find that the practical bee-keepers are, as a rule, their
own inspectors — the trouble comes from the novice or persons
who never have seen the inside of a hive of live bees. In my
visits with the bee-keepers, I find them all anxious to learn to
know foul brood, so they can take care of their own and
neighbors' bees. As a rule they are intelligent above the aver-
age, and very pleasant ladies and gentlemen.

In my work last season I inspected over 4000 hives, and
although last year was a very poor honey year, the bee-keep-
ers were not discouraged, but are looking forward to the com-
ing season for better results.

I believe that good results could be attained, as Mr. N. E.
France, State Inspector of Wisconsin, suggested in his report,
by bringing together the farmer bee-keepers at the winter
Farmers' Institutes, &-^d having there a talk on bees and their
diseases ; also distributing to bee-keepers the old, reliable
McEvoy treatment, which never fails to effect a cure. I find
that a number of bee-keepers have the wrong idea regarding
the treatment and costs, as in their letters they want to know
what the cost will be to have their bees inspected.

I appointed Mr. Herman F. Moore my deputy last year,
to look after the disease in Cook and adjoining counties. He
visited a number of apiaries, and I herewith give his report
for work done :

Park Ridge, III., July 11, 1904.
Mr. J. Q. Smith, Lincoln, 111. —

Dear Sir : — I have finished my 30 days of inspection of
apiaries. I visited about 125 yards, and found foul brood in
about 12, containing 88 hives of bees. Possibly one- half of
the 88 are diseased more or less. These figures show the im-
portance of the work, and the need for a better law. The
work has been very interesting.

Herman F. Moore,

Deputy Inspector of Apiaries.

In my treatment and instruction to others I have used the
McEvoy treatment. I have never burned a colony of bees j
where there was a fertile queen and bees enough to form a
nucleus, which can soon be built up by adding combs of brood
from strong colonies ; the hives can be used again by boiling
in strong salt or lye water. Care should be taken in remov-
ing the bees from the diseased combs, so that no robber-bees
can have access to the combs. The work should be done at
night while no bees are flying, or, if in daytime, in a tent or
well-enclosed building. J. Q. Smith.

Lincoln, III.

WINTERING BEES

The subject of wintering bees is one which has perhaps
been discussed and written upon as much as any other topic
of apiculture, and it is of paramount importance to the bee-
keeper to know how to bring his bees through, from the
close of one honev harvest to the commencement of an-
other, in good condition, so as to get the full benetit of the
yield, whether it be large or small. This is especially an ap-
propriate time to give the matter our consideration so as to
refresh our minds for the approaching winter. If we were
asked the question as to what was the principal cause of
bees not wintering well, and their reduced condition in
spring, and later when it occurs, Iwould answer. Cold and
the unfavorable condition of the bees to withstand it. With
this view, then, what are some of the favorable conditions
conducive to successful wintering?

First, on the summer stands, to start with strong col-
onies. Second, plenty of well-sealed stores of good quality
in the same combs on which the bees are clustered. Third,
protection against winds. Fourth, a double-walled hive or
its equivalent by packing. Fifth, ventilation so as to keep
the inside of the hive dry, but no draft through it.

As to hives being shaded or standing in the sun, it de-
pends upon the kind of winter. If warm, shade ; if long-
continued cold, like the winter of 1872-3, 1877-8, 1881-4-5,
we would give the hives the benefit of all the sun's warmth
possible.

During some of those extremely cold winters we have
saved the bees, as we believe, by covering the hives with
snow. In all such cases we ventilated the hives above so as
to allow the moisture to escape through the upper chamber.

For outdoor wintering of bees we believe that colonies
should be allowed to increase to their full capacity of
strength during the summer season. In fact, for other pur-
poses we think the expansive system, or giving the queen
and bees full room, is more profitable than the contracting
and manipulating plan, for Illinois. While with proper care
bees may be wintered with comparative success on their
summer stands, but for the 8 or 10-frame single-wall Lang-
stroth hive, a cellar or building so constructed that it will be
not only frost-proof but not easily affected by outside tem-
perature, is much more desirable. With part of our bees
stored in such a repository we have time and again wintered
them with a loss of not more than 3 or 4 per cent.

During the past thirty years, with but two exceptions,
we have had almost perfect success in cellar-wintering, while
those colonies wintered on the summer stands have suffered
more or less especially during the coldest winters. Our
conclusion is that the chief point to be kept in mind is the
protection of the bees from cold, from the time it com-
mences in the fall, until warm weather in spring has come
to stay. Jas. Poindexter.

r

\=

®ur Bee Keeping Sisters

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

J

Some Difficulties of a Beginner

I bought 5 colonies of bees last spring and
was all last year learning the different bee-
traits. These bees were in the Hilton double-
walled hives containing 8 Hoffman frames to
a bive.

1. I notice that the bees have built the
comb out so far that it is impossible to re-
move the frames. How shall I go about
remedying this mistake? My idea was to
take a new hive and put a frame with brood
and honey from another hive in the center of
the hive and put frames with new foundation
on either side of the one containing brood, and
brush the bees into the new hive, putting the
old frames one by one on the top of the
frames to let the bees remove the honey. Will
I lose too much brood in so doing, or is there
a more simple, practical plan, and when must
I do this to get best results possible?

2. Also, at what temperature must comb
honey be kept during winter to have the best
results?

3. One of the colonies is not as strong as I
should like, and a stranger who keeps some
bees, suggested that the queen was not very
vigorous, and also suggested a new queen.
There is plenty of honey, and also brood
hatching. The thought occurred to me that I
could take a frame, later on, from my finest
colony containing a queen-cell, and exchange
it for one of the others, kill the old queen,
and let the bees rear a new one, or put on a
queen-catcher and let the queens battle it out
themselves. Is this practicable, or would it
be economy 1o buy a new queen? I have a
bump of curiosity on my head, and should
like to carry out an experiment with one col-
ony if some one who knows how thinks it
might work.

I must mention that the 3 colonies that have
the brood-frames built so full were in that
condition when I bought them, and I did not
know what to do, and so left them in. I
know better how to do now if I can only get
out of my present difficulty.

The stranger before mentioned told me I
had wintered my bees finely, and especially

for a beginner. And ,to be sure they are all
in good shape with the exception of the above
difficulty. I have the Hilton double-walled
hives, as I have mentioned, and last fall I
turned all the entrances to the south and put
all the hives in a row and packed them all
around the backs and sides with leaves. I
kept the entrances clear from snow all winter,
and before putting on the cushions in the fall
I put cut-loaf sugar on top of each hive to
make sure they had enough to eat. Each
hive contains a great abundance of honey
now, but the bees seemed to prefer a change
of diet, as they ate about three-fourths of the
sugar. Miss Sobscbibbr.

1. Please don't think of such extravagance
as to waste all the brood, as you would do by
the plan you propose. It would very likely
cut in two the profits of that colony. Just
what is best to be done depends upon the
actual condition of the combs. You say " the
bees have built the comb out so far that it is
impossible to remove the frames." If you
mean by that that the septum or center of
each comb is in the right place in the center
of each frame, and the bees have made the
comb so thick in places that the combs can
not be drawn out, then the remedy is easy.
Select what looks to be one of the straighest
looking combs, take a long-bladed knife, and
slice off the part that bulges, so that you can
lift out the frame, and that will give you room
to get out the other frames, when you can slice
off any bulges on them. Then instead of re-
turning the frames just as they were, reverse

344

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 11, 190S

every alternate one, and the bees will not re-
new the bulges.

You naay mean, however, that the bees have
built crooked, making a comb from one frame
into another frame. Even that case may be
managed as above directed, providing the
work is not too crooked.

If you can not possibly get out any frame
for a starter, you would better proceed another
way. Get a frame of brood from another col-
ony, put it in an empty hive, fill up with
combs, foundation, or empty frames, and set
this hive over the faulty one. Now drum the
bees up into the empty hive, pounding good
and hard on the sides of the hive below.
When nearly all the bees are in the upper
hive, set it ois, then move the old hive ofl the
stand, put on the stand the new hive into
which you have driven the bees, put over it a
queen-excluder, and the old hive over that.
In four days look for eggs in the lower hive,
and if you find none you may know you
failed to drum the queen up, and you must
drum again. Twenty-one days after getting
the queen into the new hive the worker-
brood will be all out of the cells in the upper
story, when you can remove it if you like.

Another way is open after you get the bees
drummed out. Take a knife with a long
blade, or a hand-saw, and cut down at each
side, so as to sever any comb fastened to the
sides. Now turn the hive upside down, and
with a little jarring you can jar all of the con-
tents out of the hive and lift the hive off.
Then you can cut loose attachments so as to
get one frame after another separate from the
rest, and it the bees have not made too
crooked work you may be able to crowd each
comb back into its own frame.

2. Summer heat is the best temperature,
but as that is hardly practicable, keep it as
much above freezing as you can.

3. Don't be in too much of a hurry about
condemning that queen. She may be as
good as any other, and not to blame for the
weakness of the colony. If she keeps filled
with brood and eggs all the comb the bees
can cover, that's all you ought to ask of her.
If after a reasonable time you find that she is
not bringing up the strength of the colony.

and decide to give a cell from another colony,
dispose of the queen a day or two before giv-
ing the cell, or the bees may destroy it.

A Place for Stimulative Feeding

The country here is perfectly lovely after
the unusual rainfall, and all prospects for
bees and honey seem good. Anyway, the bees
are swarming. Five swarms of bees settled
in the garden of a friend of mine in San Diego
in less than two weeks. My bees in Colorado
never swarm till June.

By the way, a few weeks ago it was asked
whether there were many localities where bees
could fly out and rear brood for a month be-
fore they could get flowers to work on. They
certainly seem to do so with us in Western
Colorado. We are over 6000 feet above the
sea, and the vegetation depends upon ex-
tremes of cold or heat, of course. The nights
are bitter cold well on into the spring, and
there is seldom anything for the bees before
the middle of March, when they are thick on
the elm trees. The sun, however, is usually
strong even in midwinter, and the bees get
frequent flights, and begin to take bran or
flour early in February.

Rbbecoa Hallet.
San Diego Co., Calif., April 8.

Here seems to be a place where, if any-
where, stimulative feeding ought to be a
benefit. Please tell us how that is.

Honey-and-Salt Croup Cure

canis would fit the dachshunds, and Micro-
canis the little pocket poodles, and MegacanU
the St. Bernards and Danes, and Vdocianis
the hounds, and Mordeocanis the bull dogs.
If we ever do get our science of bee-names
right, the largest possible specimen of Mordeo-
canis sebitem should be set to stand off the
meddlers. Page 214.

LONGEVITT or WORKEBS AND DK0NE9.

With positive evidence that work shortens
the lives of the worker-bees, one would think
that the " idle drone '' should live the longer
for his idleness. It seems, however, that the
queen-breeders do not succeed in keeping
them quiet 45 days, when they put a supply
of them in a queenless hive. That seems con-
clusive, or nearly so. Riotous bumming in
search of sexual service shortens life a little
faster than honest labor does, apparently.
Page 215.

DARK AND MEALY BEESWAX.

So the localities where the beeswax inclines
to be dark are simply the localities where
there is iron in the water ; and it would be a
simple cure if rain-water were always used in
rendering. Sounds sensible. Mr. Dadant is
likely right, that too much boiling turns wax
into meal ; but 1 feel pretty well assured that
too much honey in the water is also one cause
of the mischief. Page 216.

EVAPORATING HONEY IN THE HIVB.

For insisting on the real modus operandi of
evaporating honey in the hive, in place of a
venerable but non-existent one, Arthur C.
Miller is to be commended. Page 217.

The following is gifen in the Herald and
Presbyter ; Give frequent doses of salt and
honey, giving at each dose a teaspoonful of
salt mixed with a tablespoonf ul of honey.

It may be said here on general principles
that it is not always advisable to give honey
in connection with other Ingredients so as to
make a very disagreeable combination. The
temporary benefit may be overbalanced by the
distaste acquired for so wholesome an article
as honey for daily food.

=^

VTiv. i)asi\i's aftertt?ougt?t5

=/

The

'Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

CANADIAN BBK-WINTERINO EXPERIMENTS.

The wintering experiments at the Canadian
Experiment Farm seem to show that when
the hive is raised by 2-inch blocks on one side
it winters better than when bottom and en-
trance are left in outdoor style; also, that
with 3-inch blocks it does a little better yet.
With wet sand below them and a wet sheet
over them they were less quiet, but no very
great harm seemed to follow. Interesting to
see that colonies wintered wholly on sugar
syrup, while they did about as well as those
wintered on refed extracted honey, used
nearly 2 pounds more of it per colony. I
should have guessed that they would eat a
little less if restricted to syrup of granulated
sugar.

Now as to outdoor wintering. Of 3 colo-
nies tolerably well protected with building
paper and dead air space, one of them died and
one of them went through in moderately good
order. We've seen the like of that before.
Of 4 colonies packed in a tenement with 6-
inch spaces, and the spaces filled with cut
straw, all came out in good order. Pages 208
and 209.

SAINFOIN AS A HONEY-PLANT.

Here's a kick at the Canadians about their
sainfoin experiment. The hay-producing part
of it was splendid. Incidentally they call it
a honey-producer; so I suppose we infer that
they saw some bees on it. But, surely, they
might have had the grace to tell us how con-
stantly and to what extent bees were seen to
frequent it. Those points are of decided in-
terest, and also in dispute. Give us a little

more English, brethren— and don't let the
taciturnity of the northern Ojibways affect
you so. Page 209.

SPECIES OF BBSS.

The human disposition to find out about
things is on the whole a praiseworthy one.
We want to know about the North Pole, and
about the South Pole; and quite a good few
thousand dollars can be had to spend in ex-
ploration almost any time. And it kind o'
seems to me that mankind should care as
much to know just how many and what
species of bees the world contains as they do
to know what islands (it any) are adjacent to
the North Pole. It the authority quoted by
Prof. Cook could be called suflScient and com-
plete, we might say the world has nine species
of bees. Probably, however, Dr. Ashmead
does not claim that his information is com-
plete; and very likely some of his nine will
have to undergo considerable discussion be-
fore their right to stand as separate species is
conceded all around. So, for the present, we
have to be satisfied to say that the social bees,
akin to the domestic bee, are somewhere near
nine in number of species. As to dividing up
the genus Apis into three genera, I do not at
all claim to be a competent judge ; but on cat-
look-at-a-king principles I will say what I
think. I think that the fact that a man is a
great scientist does not save him, alas, from
the temptation to indulge in mischievous
tom-tinkerlng just because he thinks he can !
How many genera and species of dog should
we have, if every dog not only had his day
but his Latin titles and credentials? Longi'

' Feeding Back "—A Distinct Branch
of Mee-Keeping

At the St. Louis convention the matter of
the profit in feeding bees sugar that it ra.ght
be stored in the sections was quite thoroughly
discussed. The position was taken by some that
it was folly for people to say that the bees
were fed sugar that they might make it into
honey, that there was no profit in it. Ur.
Miller asked: "If I feed sugar at five cents a
pound, how much must I sell the product for
to get my money back?" No one could tell
him and, if there could have several persons
answered him, there would have been as many
different answers as there were persons It
was finally voted that Louis Scholl, of the
Texas Experiment Apiary, should make some
experiments and report.

Let me say that the feeding of sugar or
honey, that it be stored in the sections is as
distinct a branch of bee-keeping as that of
commercial queen-rearing. Mr Doolittle once
made some experiments in feeding back honey
that it might be stored in sections and re-
ported a decided loss. I have fed thousands
of pounds in which I secured three pounds
of comb honey from the feeding of four
rounds of extracted honey; and there you are.
It depends upon the weather «he tempera-
ture), the strain of bees, the strength of the
colonies, the size of the hive, the consistency
and temperature of the feed, and a whole lot
of details too numerous to mention. An ex-
periment in this line will prove little, or noth-
ing, as almost any results can be secured. Al-
thSugh I have made a decided success of
•■feeding back," I am not inclined to advise
it for the general bee-keeper.— Beekeepers
Review. ^^

Bee-Keeping in Bosnia

.\us-
rationat

The last speaker at the great bee-keepers
meeting held in Dornbirn was Franz Gloessl.
who reported the condition of apiculture_ ">
Bosnia, the extreme southern province of
tria bordering on Turkey. He said
bee-keeping had made advances only very
cently The movable-comb hive had been in-
troduced by the immigrants from Germany,
Hungary and Tivol. In 1899 he had organized
a bee-keepers' society, which had at the end
of the first year eight hundred members, most-
ly Turks The society soon made an appeal
to the government and succeeded in receiving
material grants. For instance, no tax was to
be levied on such hives as contained movable
combs and removable supers. Beekeepers were
furnished lumber gratis for constructing their
hives. To further bee-keeping, soldiers and
policemen were taught bee-keeping, etc., ana
were urged to keep bees whenever possible. —
American Bee-Keeper.

May 11, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

34S

r

Doctor IHtUcr 5 Qucstion^Box

=\

\=

Send Questions either to tbe office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Db. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does nu( answer Questions by mail.

Jf

Preventing Afterswanns

According to Heddon's method of prevent-
ing afterswarms, as explained on page 6 in "A
B C of Bee-Culture," how many days from
time of first or prime swarm until the young
queen will be laying in the parent colony
again? Missouri.

Answer. — The young queen is likely to be
laying somewhere in the neighborhood of 18
days from the issuing of the prime swarm.
That time, however, may vary no little. The
issuing of the prime swarm may have been
hindered one or more days by bad weather, in
which case the time will be just that much
less than IS days. The young queen may be
slow about meeting a mate, or she may be
slow about beginning to lay, malting the time
longer.

Alfalfa Honey-Wlntering Bees-Ex-
tracted vs. Comb Honey

1. Is alfalfa honey of stronger flavor than
white clover! I have never sampled both at
one time, and the alfalfa honey of Colorado
and New Mexico seems to taste much stronger
than the (Ohio) white clover product.

2. A hole dug in a banli here and roofed in
is far drier than any eastern cement aSair.
Would it pay to try cellar-wintering? Mer-
cury seldom goes below zero, and bees can
usually have a flight every few days during
winter, and the honey harvest comes late in
the season.

3. For outdoor wintering would it not be
easier to number hives (bodies) rather than
have the stands numbered?

4. Where extracted honey sells for as much
as or more than comb, is a fellow a fool when
he produces comb honey? New Mexico.

Answers. — 1. There must be a good deal
of difference in honey of the same name in
different localities. I have eaten a good deal
of Colorado and Utah alfalfa, and it is much
less pronounced in flavor than white clover.

2. Cellar-wintering would probably not do
at all with you.

3. It is convenient to have the same number
on the same stand, but also to have the number
on the hive-body, changing tbe number if the
hive is put on a different stand.

4. He would seem to lean in that direction.

Tar Paper— Packing Bees for Winter

-Using the Dummy— Comb vs.

Extracted Honey

1. Do you think that tar paper used on hive-
tops will taint the honey in the hive? I had
some honey last year that had such a smoky
taste I could not eat it. Do you think the
tar paper was the cause?

2. I have been thinking of packing my bees
in winter quarters after this with a shallow
super over the brood-chamber having a piece
of canvas nailed on the top edge of the super,
and then pack chaff over that. Would that
be too much air-space over the brood if the
hive is well packed with a foot of chaff all
around?

3. I have some 10-frame hives that will take
10 frames and leave about 3'2-'nch to spare
for a dummy. Would you crowd a thin
dummy into that space, or leave out one
frame and use a dummy? or would that then
leave too much space behind the dummy?

4. Do you think there is more money in
comb honey than extracted, counting the
comb you must give with the honey (and
which the bees must make again), separators,
seciions, etc., and also counting, on the other

hand, the cost of extraoting-frames, extractor,
uncapping-can, sturage-tanks, tins and jars,
for extracted honey?

I am a young man, and equal to all the
necessary conditions of either side of the
business, but I wish to find out which is
going to pay the better. Personally, I am in
favor of comb honey, as tbe bees put it into
a package without any extra work in com-
parison to extracted. I wish also to say that
I consider the privilege of asking Dr. Miller
worth double tbe subscription price of the
"Old Reliable." Ontario.

Answers. — 1. Depends somewhat upon
how the covers are made. If there is a board
surface or other surface between the tar
paper and the bees, there ought to be no
trouble. If the tar paper is down next to the
bees, it might affect the honey.

3. That air-space full depth of the super
ought surely to do harm. Why not nail the
canvas on the underside of the super?

3. Put in the dummy — as long as you can.
No danger of comb being built behind it.

4. The man that lives inside your clothes is
the only man in the world that can settle that
question for you. There are veterans who
have fairly tried both; and they are very sure
they can make more clear money with comb.
Other veterans who have given just as fair a
trial are equally sure they can make more
with extracted. And both are righl. The
pasturage has something to do with it, and
the market. The man has also something
to do with it, and your preference for comb
makes a difference in your case. Now that's
not a very satisfactory answer to one who
speaks so kindly of this department; but you
see that's one of the things I don't know.

Preventing Propolis on Sections

I have some old Simplicity hives with sec-
tion-holders having tia on their side, and find
that there is a small space between the top of
the section and top of the section-holder. If
I should cut the top slat off and trim the end-
bars down so they will be even with the sec-
tions, and place a super cover over all, will
not that stop the bees from propolizing the
tops of the sections? Can you suggest a bet-
ter way? Delaware.

Answer. — I'm afraid the proposed remedy
will hardly work us well as you expect. If
you leave no space, you'll find it a hard thing
to get the sections in, and still harder to get
them out. And do matter how little space
you leave, you'll probably find the bees will
crowd in some propolis. After "rastling"
with that sort of thing for years, I found a
remedy In adopting T supers, which leave
both the tops and bottoms of sections en-
tirely open. Id this locality, at least, bees
put less propolis on an exposed surface than
where just a crack is left.

Using Hon^.' from Empty Hives-
Robbed Lv:ony— Moths In Hives

About 4 weeks ago I bought out an apiary
and all the fixtues pertaining thereto. There
were about Jt colonies, with extra hives,
supers, shippii'K'cases, etc. In the unoccu-
pied hives itij-u are a great many frames
almost full o; i. ice, clean honey, and I don't
know what i j do with it. The hives are the
8-frame Langsti Jth, and there are also a num-
ber of partlyiili d uncapped sections.

1. Will it be :ii: right to put the supers on
with these sterns just as they are?

2. Would it \j well to put new swarms into
these hives, Ic: ing the honey In them?

3. How CUD I keep this when tbe hot days
come?

4. What ought I to do with a colony when
it has been robbed? Last night I found one
that had Ixien robbed and gave it a frame of
honey, and this evening it is all gone.

5. What will keep tbe motbs out?

Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. No, Indeed.
3. Yes, only not more than a fourth of the
comb capacity should be filled with honey.

3. The hot days will do no harm to tho
honey, only they will encourage the worms
that almost surely will be in the combs, and
these you must fight with bisulphide of car-
bon or sulphur. If the combs are kept in a
cool, dry cellar the worms will hardly do
much harm before time to use the combs for
swarms.

4. Generally it is just as well to let them
entirely alone, for the colony is likely to be
queenlesB, and the bees so old as to be of no
value. If, however, a good queen is present,
as shown by the brood, and it there is a fair
population, it will be worth while to try to
save them. Close the entrance so that only
one bee can pass at a time ; pile hay or straw
close in front and around the hive a foot or
so deep, and keep it soaking wet so long as
the robbers seem inclined to trouble.

5. Bees; keep your colonies strong, and the
bees will keep out the moth, although Ital-
ians are better at it than blacks.

Roaches in Hives— Starters— Salt

and Water for Bees— Covering

for Brood-Frames— Moving

Bees

1. When opening the hive the other day I
noticed a number of roaches in the upper
story. Is that an indication that anything is
wrong?

2. In putting starters in brood-frames, does
it make any difference it they are not all of
the same width?

3. i notice that some bee-keepers give their
bees salt and water. Ought the two to be
mixed, or should the salt be given in one dish
and the water in another?

4. Would not a white cloth over the brood-
frames do as well as a honey-board?

5. I must move my bees a short distance,
and they now have a fence in front of them
about a foot from the hives. Would you
think it necessary to put this fence in front
of them when I move them? Iowa.

Answers.— 1. The roaches find it warm
and comfortable over the hive, and so they
like to stay there, but it is not likely they do
any harm, for the bees will not allow them
among the combs.

3. No, only it would not be best to have one
frame filled clear down and another only a
very slight starter. It is, of course, better to
have all frames entirely filled.

3. Mixed ; but if they have plenty of water,
they can get along.

4. Yes, only the bees gnaw holes in the
cloth. Nowadays neither cloths nor honey-
boards are used as much as formerly. Many
prefer to have simply a quarter-inch air-space
between top-bar and hiye-cover.

5. No.

Reports a\\^
(£xpcrtcncc5

Putting Weali Colonies Over Strong
Ones

X notice in the item on page 307, in regard
to putting weak colonies over strong ones,
that the asisertion is made that the upper col-
ony loses its field-force not only once but
twice. Now I wish to disagree. In theory
possibly it does, but in practice it does not.
I was one that gave it a trial last spring, and
if I remember rightly there was only one
other man at the Chicago-Northwestern con-
vention who reported having given it a trial,

346

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 11, 1905

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

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If you want the Bee-Book

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and he gave it only a partial one, I believe.
It seems to me that if it were so that a colony
loses its field-force twice in the same spring a
man having the apioultural standing which
Mr. Alexander has, instead of having prac-
ticed it for 30 years, would have discarded it
long ago. He advised practicing it in the fol-
lowing way :

The 2 colonies are back in their normal con-
dition from 15 to 20 days before the first fruit-
blosfoms open. Then if proper precautions
are used it is possible to move colonies a short
distance at any time during the season with
very little loss. My bees have not had flights
this month to exceed 20 hours all told, and to-
day is April 30. The editor of the Review
says that the strong ones lost as much as the
weak ones gained. I can not entirely agree
with him there, as I think that the 3 colonies
placed one above the other would be able to
keep the inside of the hives at a higher tem-
perature than when placed on their separate
stands, as part of the heat of the strong one
would, in place of going out of the entrance,
help to keep the upper one warm, and the
same amount of bees would be able to cover
and rear more brood in that way than when
on their separate stands.

Then there is another great advantage in
protecting the weak colonies from being
robbed, which, as every large bee-keeper
knows, means something in the spring when
the bees have nothing to do but to look for
mischief. As for the loss of queens, I think
that will be very slight, if proper attention Is
paid to it, for out of the 36 colonies I treated
last spring I didn't lose one. I was very much
pleased with the practice, and while I am not
as enthusiastic as Mr. Pearce seems to be, I
am sorry that I can not give it a further trial
this spring, as my colonies are all very strong.
But I will certainly give it another trial at the
earliest opportunity, and hope that a goodly
number of beekeepers throughout the coun-
try will do so this spring. H. F. Strang.
Oceana Co., Mich., April 30.

SSrm, Bee-Keepers Supplies

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Baby Nuclei

This subject has presented itself as one
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feitato. .- ■

May 11, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

347

But few who use the baby nuclei advocate
giving them even ripe queen-cells, and I think
it can be done to advantage only when the
weather ie warm. The man who uses the
baby nuclei to advantage is he who males
queens in them. The vitality of a queen is
not made to depend upon her mating, but
upon her rearing.

For the beneUt of those who are using, or
expect to use, the baby nuclei, I will give our
plan. We have cells built in full colonies,
and when sealed we place them in a nursery
cage in a full colony where there is a laying
queen, between 2 frames of brood. Here we
have warmth and moisture suQicient to hatch
them properly, and they will be fed by the
young bees through the wire gauze. Here
they should remain until old enough to male.
The reason for placing the cage in a colony
with a laying queen is that if it is placed in
a queenless colony when the queens are 4 or 5
days old the bees will bill the young queens
through the wire and kill them.

I claim that a queen mated in a baby nu-
cleus is the safest queen, and I am not alone
in this. Mr. Gill, of Colorado, tells how he
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348

THE AMERICAN SEE JOURNAL

May 11. 1905

Diiimer's Foondation i§ me Besi

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ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trcster Supply Co., Liacoln,NeD.; Shngart & Ouren, Council Blnff8,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Ean.; I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo,; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

6flR-L0flD§

of Lewis' B-Ware come to our city for distri-
bution. We carry a large stoc^ which enables
ue to make immediate deliveries. We invite
your inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Davenport. Iowa.

Enyart's Comb-Foundation Gauge

Ganges 18 different shapes of starters. Easy
to cat 100 starters per minnte. Illnstrated cir-
cnlar free. J. E. ENYART & SON,

16A4t McFall, Mo.

nease mention Bee Journal -wnen writana

VIRGINIA QUEENS ^'/'k^cr^o^rrnrrel^

of carefnl selection from red-clover qneens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Bntchinson.
Untested qneens, 75c; after June IS, 60cj tested
qneens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
qneens, f I 25; after J one 15, tl-OO. Write postal
card for circular. CHA5. KOEPPEN,
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

O1096.3 TOSTiTion Bee Joumai ivnen writing

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is vrhat we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE JTARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., flarshfield. Wis.

G. B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

Wecarry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog-. It's
iree. 1 onndatlon Cntier free with each order, if you state where > ou saw th is ad.

13Atf

NORRIS & ANSPACH, Kenton, Ohio.

ceived, the queens having been taken fron>
full colonies, when they were at the height of
egg-laying. If they had come from baby nu-
clei where they never had an opportunity to-
reach their full capacity in egg-laying, no-
doubt they would have proved satisfactory.

While southern queen-breeders are bene-
fited by the use of baby nuclei, I think we
have shown that the buyers are benefited also.
While queen-rearing is our leading pursuit
we have not lost sight of the fact that our
success depends upon the quality of the
queens that we sent out. We know that the
baby nucleus is now receiving its criticism,,
but the more criticism it gets the more favor
will come to it from the investigations drawn
out by its users. Be sure it has come to stay.
We hope it may prove beneficial also to north-
ern bee-keepers. John W. Pharb.

Goliad Co., Tex., Feb. 19.

Prospects in Mississippi

Farming operations are moving nicely.
Corn is being worked and cotton planted.
Melons are up, tomatoes are put out in the
field, and peas are being shipped. Cabbage
prospects are promising, some beginning to-
head.

1 have had two swarms of bees this spring,
one coming out to-day. We keep only a few
colonies for our own use. There are so many
bees in this part of the country that honey
does not sell very rapidly in the local market,
often going at 5 cents per pound. Here we
also have an abundance of home-made sugar-
cane syrup, which to the average southern
palate is far superior to the honey.

D. G. Ashley.

Copiah Co., Miss., April 23.

Shook Swarms— Foul Brood

I have read so many things in the American
Bee Journal that I feel like writing some-
thing to try to help some of my brother bee-
keepers. I am surrounded by foul brood, and
boil everything thoroughly that the bees have
used.

I shake my bees every other year, or half of
them every year, getting my increase from
the other half by natural swarming. I com-
mence on the strongest as early as I think

THE ELGIN HIVE

That's the hive which can be knocked
down and put up by any one in a few
minutes. No nails or dovetails needed.
Iron attachment holds the same to-
gether perfectly air tight, and keeps it
Irom warping. Send for Circular. Ad-
dress, a. H. KIENZLB.
E. end Kimball St. Bridge, Elgin, III.

HOW to K66D B66S

Many Photo-
graphic
illustrations

Net, $i.oo
/ Pastage\
Vio cents/

f\nna

Botsford

Gomstock

This is a very helpful vol-
ume for the beginner. Out-
fit, first steps, and methods,
are clearly described, and the
author treats her subject
with rare charm.

THE GARDEAI
/ViAOAZINE

1^ CWTW UFE /9\
'^^1 lA AA\£RICA \g/

TOE WORLDS
WORK-

DOVBLEDAY PAGE ' CO ^EW YORK

nease mention Bee Joumai -wnen 'vmtUkK

May 11, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

349

u

DADAST'S POUIDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUUUNTEE SATISFACTION.

i ^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES « ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
fltmctible, and eiTing entirely satisfactory re-
volts. Comb fonndation made easily and
?ttickl7 at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
vith order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

'tW J.G, Goodner, of this State, writes me that
lie "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal -whea •writing.

OoldenQyeensandBees

Ready Jane 1. flnstlers for honej; very gen-
tle, non-swarming. Price-list now ready — also
an S-page leaflet on queen-rearing, including my
«xperience in curing pickled brood> black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee Journal -v^hen 'writine.

^ I ^ 200 Egq
INCUBATOR

Perfect in constmctloD ftoa
action. Hatches every ffenlls
egg. Write for catalog t^-iMj

nr=n. H. STAHL. Qulricy

Flease mention Bee Jouraal •wnen wTlUnp

Tested Queens by Return Mall,
—$1.00 Each—

We haTe a large number of Choice Tested
-Queens, reared last September and October, and
wintered in 4frame nuclei; these queens are
vigorous and prolific, and of our fine strain of
Three-Band Italians. Just the queens to build
«ip weak colonies. Try them. Send for circular.

d. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoRBAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

-* "lease mention Bee Jooroal -wban -writlnft

they can make a living. I put the brood of
the 2 strongest colonies on the weakest one,
and so on till I am through. I always put all
the bees in the new hive. It saves time and I
do not have to look for the queen.

I now have two-thirds of them finished,
with no danger of getting foul brood. I will
shake the young bees again in 3 weeks. Being
shaken so early they have plenty of young
bees of their own when the main honey-flow
comes. The weak ones are very strong after
being shaken, because of the brood that is
given to them, so the colonies are all strong
in time for the main honey-flow.

When I shake the second time I take out
the combs from which brood has hatched, and
take them to the honey-house to be extracted,
putting the unhatched brood on the weakest
colonies as before. If there is any foul brood
I lose only the brood on the last one. If there
is none I set to one side and shake again in 3
weeks. I run no risks from foul brood. I
have shaken 14 colonies this spring, and have
seen no signs of it yet. A. T. Bain.

Tillamook Co , Oreg., April 10.

Adulterated Honey

I suppose all bee-keepers know that comb
honey can not be adulterated in the frame or
section, but tons of glucose, with a small
piece of comb in it, are sold in Missouri. It
is always on sale nere in my own town, and
has been for years. I have talked with people
that had lx)ut.'lit it, and they say it has a
brassy taste, ni" 'it to eat. No doubt some
will say they uoulJn't think it could be sold
with good homy in other stores close by.
Well. I can't ex| lain it, but it is here for sale.
I visited a towc last year 10 miles from home
and found it iol .'■;ile in two stores. It comes
from the wholt^ac grocers at Kansas City.

It we want t" .-top such stories as that in
the New York 1 rioune, weprobably will have
to stop the fair (rf the stuff. I have never
had a sample ;' ul.Tzed, but I am confident
that it is gluco- \ I think the stuff and the
blame the bee-keepers bear on account of it

Wanted

11?,?^^ BROWN LEGHORNS

Noted Winter-Laying Strain. Cockerel Ma-
ting, headed by Rochester Prize-Winner: Eggs,
$2.00 per 13. Pullet Mating, headed by pullet
line; pedigreed; Exmoor males, $2 50 per 15.
Flock on range, headed oy 2d Wis. State Fair
winner, and others of equal quality, $1.00 per
IS. Hens in all pens result of 15 years' scientific
breeding.

Single Comb Buff Orpingtons. The grand
new breed. No better quality in existence. $2.00
per 15 eggs,

M-\mmoth Bronze Turkeys. Hens op to 23
pounds each. Not inbred. Eggs $2.50 per 19;
25 for $5 iXI,

MRS. MILLIE ttONflKER, Viroqua.Wis.

15-17-18A3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEES in shipping-boxes
on Li. or Danz. frames
ready to ship now. State
kind, price, safe arrival guaranteed. Address,
J. B. MASON.
l"Atf Mechanic Falls, Maine.

Bees For Sale Cheap

I wish to reduce my bees, and offer strong 3-
If. -frame Nuclei, without qneens, combs nearly
solid wiih sealed brood, at $1.50 each. With
queens, at 25c to 50c more, according to the
Italian blood; all to be good, prolific queens.
Satisfaction euaranteed. Can ship at once,

1 8 A 2t QEO, W. GATES, Ba rtlett. Tenn.

Will Sell or Exchange

4; complete 8 frame L. dovetailed HIVES
(except frames), and 180 8-frame Ideal comb
honey Supers, for bees in 10-frame hives or
strong Nnclei. Wm. C. DAVENPORT,

18A2t L. Box 80, WiLMETTE, III.

FOR SALE

50 colonics of Italian and Carniolan BEES
for sale, all in l>i-8tory 8-frame hives, nearly
new, and all in good condition. One to 5 colo-
nies, $5 each. For larger lots write for pr ce,
with btamp enclosed.

WM. J. HEALY,

18A4t MissRAi, Point, Iowa Co., Wis.

350

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 11, 1905

York Honey ^TpIly- Co.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Hooey Co.)

0.',ari?sVreet, HEADQUARTERS FOR

''"lit'"'- LEWIS' GOODS IN CHICAGO,

5 short city blocks north

of the C. & N.W. R.R.

passenger station.

Best and most direct Shipping Point
in the World.

We have on hand a large stock of

Lewis' PopnlarBee-Snpplies

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases—
everything used by the practical, up-to-date bee-
keeper.

Catalog and prices on Honey on application.
If you want Wood Woods at Factory Prices and
Prompt Siiipnient, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking
H. M. Abnd, Manager. Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

For Qyeens

SEND TO
JOHN W. PHARR
. ^. -^ ^ » ~ . . ^ Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1; Untested. 75c; 5 for *3.35 ; 10 f or
$6 ; 15 for $8.25 ; 25 for S12.50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and lull
colonies. Prices given on application. Pliarr
pays tlie freiglit, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable witii tiie Lord tlian sacriBce.
— (Prov. 3:31.) 6Atf

nease mention Bee journal when ■wntinB

One-nece Sections

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBlft MFG. GO. '"^i^'"'

r^eaae meutjOD Bee Journal wiien wntuui

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Hooey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding- one
pound of honey net, one gross in case complete
in S-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN.

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.:

Try Taylor's 3 banded leather-colored and 5-
banded Golden Queens— the best honey-g^ather-
erers in America. Untested, 75c each, or f 8 per
dozen; tested, $1, or $10 per dozen; select tested,
$1.50 each; breeders, the best, $3 each. I have
been breeding queens for 17 years, and I know
what a good queen is. No small queens sent
ont. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois.— Mr. O. Taylor has appointed the
spring meeting of the Eastern half of the
Northern Illiaois Bee-Keepers' Association at
the residence of B. Kennedy, on May 16. The
place is situated 7 miles- southeast of Rockford,
and 3 miles northeast of New Milford. All bee-
keepers are invited to attend.

Illinoif.— The spring meeting of the bee-keep-
ers of the west part or Freeport District of
northern Illinois will be held at the residence
of the President, N. A. Kluck, May 22, 3 miles
southwest of McConnell, 111. All bee-keepers
are requested to attend. Persons coming by
train will be met at McCnnnell by teams from
8:30 to 9 o'clock a.m. J. W. Johnson. Sec.

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Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

Please mention Bee Journal 'Wli4n wrltlns

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

do a great deal of harm. We liave a very
strict pure food law here, but as far as the
bee-keeper is concerned it is a dead letter.
Linn Co., Mo., April 12. Irving Long.

Snowstorm in April— Sweet Clovep

We are having a snowstorm to-day, which
is coming on the fruit-bloom and lots of green
and tender things that would be better for
having sunshine.

I have been putting in sweet clover for 2 or
3 years, and I had begun to feel quite proud
of my acres of it until I read of the man with
400 acres. That, knocked me right over baoic-
ward, for 1 realize now that I am a very
" small potato." 1 have about 40 acres, most
of which is last fall and this spring seeding,
60 that not more than I4 will bloom this sea-
son. I am not entirely sure, but 1 think there
is no blank time here from fruit-bloom till
frost, and I am quite sure that if all our de-
pendence was upon white clover 1 should go
out of the honey-business. W. H. Mills.

Boone Co., Nebr., April 15.

Hiving Swarms— Hofifman Frames

I notice on page SS an item on sawing off
swarms. I will give the system I use, which
never has failed me yet.

In 1903, when swarming was a daily occur-
rence, upon coming home one night my wife
met me at the gate with a smiling face. She
led me into the back yard, and showed me a
hive under the best peach-tree. I immediately
realized that the bees had swarmed, and she
had succeeded in hiving them, which she
knew pleased me very much, as I have always
devoted my leisure time to the bees. But,
dear me ! the beautiful peach-tree was a total
wreck. (I live in town, and have only a few
nice fruit-trees) . She had made several at-
tempts to get the bees before she was success-
ful. But I put on a bright face over it, and
was thankful that with so much rough hand-
ling the bees did not get angry, for about 40
"kids" of the neighborhood had gathered
around to witness the performance, but no
one had been stung.

The next swarming occurred on a Sunday
when I was at home. The swarm settled in
an apple-tree where it was almost impossible
to get to it without sawing half the tree down.
I picked from a hive a double black cloth
about the size of the hive, which had been
used as a sort of quilt over the bees, and was
saturated through and through with propolis.
I wrapped this around a pole long enough to
reach the cluster, then shook all the bees off
at once, and held the pole there, and all set-
tled on it. I shook them in front of the hive,
and all went merrily in. This pole set up in
a tree near where the bees are likely to settle
when they are swarming, causes them to
sometimes alight on it, or if it is held where
they seem to be getting ready to settle, they
will settle there at once. It has never failed
with me, and I would like some one else to
try it, and let me know with what success it
is used. 1 am sure it will save many a nice
fruit-tree, lots of dangerous climbing, and
much time.

On page 108 I notice an article on Hoffman
frames. I have used many different kinds of
frames, but will discard all but the Hoffman
just as soon as possible. I have only one fault
to find with them, which I have overcome, so
I consider them the best 1 have used yet. In
handling colonies in summer when time is
money, things must go quick. I find in first
removing the frames I have some trouble in
getting particular frames out quickly, and in
putting them back I find, especially in large
colonies, that as many as 7 or 8 bees can be
crushed. I have about remedied the trouble
in both cases by removing about ;'.( of the
bearing space of the beveled bar, leaving at
the bottom about half an inch and the same
at the top. It does not change the spacing a
particle. The frames are very easily removed
anywhere in the hive without any trouble,
and it lessens the bee-killing qualities about
'J5 percent. I think it the frame was made in
this way it would meet with much greater
favor — at least none go into my hives without
this change. Pius Mohr.

Scott Co., Iowa, Feb. 22.

May 11. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

351

liiiuiiiE

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest Prices

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Ii,i,usTRATBD .. Catai,og
free ; also sample cojjy of

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, tnying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South WATBR ST. Chicago. III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOQ OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one-piece Sections, Comb Foundation,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Bpcr lod Qopens for sale
in season. 1. W. SWAK i CO., Ceiitmlia, Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wa Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT &80N.
Bell Branch, Waynb Co., Mich

STANDARD

AND....

Poultry

Rpf> SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog Is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS: BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiHSDO, - OHIO.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COIPLETE STOCK FOB 1909 NOW 01 lUII.
FREIGHT BATES FBOn CnCINKlTI IBE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

t[W For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- Scestpax-f

Chicago, April is. — A carload of comb hoaey,
(said to be from Culorado] came oa the market
about the first of the month. It was placed with
a firm that does not make a specialty of honeys
and to some extent has upset prices when
iooked at Ln print. It is put up in 24 section flat
cases with wood slides Instead of g'lass, and is
more or less candied. Choice white comb bring^s
12>^c; No. 1, liraU2c; amber, 8@10c. Extracted,
white, 6@7c; amber, S>6@6Mc; price being gov-
erned bj quality, flavor and package. Beeswax
30c if clean and of good color.

R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

Cincinnati, April 20, — The conditions of the
honey market to day are not encouraging. The
consumption is lacking, although we are look-
ing forward io brighter days in the honey mar*
ket. We continue to quote amber extracted iu
barrels and cans, 5^^6H cents; white clover,
7@8c. Fancy white comb honey, 12@l3c. Bees-
wax, 28c. Thb Fred W.Muth Co.

New York, April 19.— There is no change iu
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only. Beeswax firm at 30c.

HiLDRBTB A SbOELKBN.

Philadelphia. April 19. — There has not been
much call for honey in the last two weeks. Pri-
ces remain unchanged. We quote: Fancy
white, ll@l2c; No. l,10@llc: amber, 9c. Ex-
tracted, white, t.w7c; amber, 5H@6c. Beeswax,
28 cents.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Boston, April 24.— The demand for honey is
light and tbe supply Is, we would consider,
heavy for this time of the year. Without ques-
tion, much will b2 carried over to another sea-
son as the sales have been, generally speaking,
light through the entire year. Fancy white we
quote at 16c; A >.o. 1, atiSc; No. 1, at 14c. Ex-
tracted, from (.(iii^c, according to quality.

Blakb, Scott & Lee.

Kansas Citv, March 31.— The honey situa-
tion does not irnyrove. While there is a little
better movemein the prices seem to be lower.
Fancy white bri;. .,-^5 $2 a case; No. 1, $1.75; am-
ber and lowei L,'rAde8 from $1.25 to $1.50. Ex-
tracted, 4H@oc. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons St Co.

Cincinnati, O., April 18.— The large stock of
comb honey, yiji .offered with hardly any de-
mand, caused inwcr prices. I quote fancy water
white at 12c; other grades in proportion, lower.

Extracted is in the usual demand for this time
of the year; quote amber in barrels at SH®S%c\
in cans, %c more; white clover, from 7@8c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Weber.

Albant, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@l4c; No. 1, 12@13c;
mixed, 10(a*llc; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6!^c; white,
6@6^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jew'sh people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wrioht.

San Francisco, April 26.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, U@12 cents; amber, 8®10c. Eztracted-
whlte, 5%@f} cents; light amber, 4@5c; am-
ber, 3@3J$c; dark amber, 2K@3c. Beeswax-
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark,27@28c.

There are no heavy quantities on the market
but more than can be placed at full current
rates. A shipment of 150 cases was made by
steamer to Belgium and 68 cases to Germany.

40-Page Catalog Free!
FnlMnfnrmatlon regard Intr all kinds of BBK-
KEEPKPvS- SUPPLIES. Best t.'ond8. Latest im-
)ruvement3. Danzen baker Hives and Fjxtures
^rompt sbipmenta
Co., High Hill. Mo,

pru' _

Prompt sbipmenta. JOHX Nkbel & Son SUPPLY

- -^ ■ SDtf

DOOLITTLE'S

Partner telling his
best girl about the
tine

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one of their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

lIDtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

352

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 11, 1905

Bees work best in Lewis' Hives

To avoid labor troubles among your bees
Buy Lewis' Goods ....

Annual Output X X
Twenty MillionSections
One-'hundf ed Thousand
Hives X X X X

«

*

ESTABLISHED

30

YEARS

Below is an illustration of our 1>^ -story Dovetailed Hive, with the No. 2 super arranged for the 4Xx4Xxl>^ plain
sections. A full description of this style together with many others will be found in our 88-page Catalog, free on
application.

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WHERE ARE YOU?

As is customary with all large concerns we have agencies or jobbers in different parts of the United States, where
our goods are carried in stock. If you are located near any of those named below it will save you time and freight charges
to send your order to them. Where the distance is not so great from Watertown to the agency, these jobbers sell the
goods at our regular list prices.

The following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Herts.
CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.
CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert, Acton.

California Lumber & Milling Co.; San Francisco.
COLORADO— R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers' Association, Rooky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Association, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand Junction.

Robert Halley, Montrose.
ILLINOIS— Dadant A Sons, Hamilton.

York Honey cfe Bee-Suppiy Co., 141-143 Ontario St., Chicago, 111.
INDIANA— C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.
MICHIGAN— A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.
MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Company, Faribault.
MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.
OHIO— Fred W. Muth Company, Cincinnati.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton.
PENNSYLVANIA- Cleaver & Greene, Troy.
TEXAS— Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio.
UTAH— Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.
WASHINGTON— Chas. H. Lilly Co., Seattle.

(].B. LEWIS CO. «r£& Watertown,Wis.

Bee 3ournal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 18, 1905

No. 20

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

(See page 356)

^

D. E. MBRRILL

W. T. FALCONER

FACTORY AND WORKS OI' THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

354

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18 1905

Chicago PhiladelDhia New York

M4 E. Erie St. lo Vine St.

The A. I. Root Company offers unexcelled advantages to the bee-keeper.

44 Vesey St.

Prompt Shipments! Fnll Stocks! Quick Time! Low Freight!

Now is the time the average bee-keeper wants Supplies, and wants them quick 1 Now is the time the advantages offered by the A. I. Root
Company are most apparent. With branches and agents in all principal bee and railroad centers the time consumed between the mailing of
the order and receipt of the goods is reduced to a minimum Write to the nearest branch or agent for Catalog. Remember our prices are as
low as consistent with good goods, and that we are the leaders in improvements. Complete information oa request.

The Latest Improvements in Honey-Extractors

ROOT'S AUTOMATIC 8 FRAME HONEY- EXTRACTOR CONNECTED TO RUN WITH A SMAI,!,

GASOLINE-ENGINE

The long-wished-for practical Automatic Reversing Extractor has at last been found. The Root Automatic solves the question com-
pletely. No complicated mechanism ; it is simplicity itself. All orders for 4-frame Cowan or larger will be fitted with the Root Automatic at
the regular price of the Cowan. . c • ,

When a bee-keeper has a large amount of extracting to do, requiring a large machine, an Engine for running the Extractor is almost a
necessity. To furnish power in such cases we are prepared to supply a small Gasoline Engine, specially built for this work. If you are inter-
ested write for complete description and price.

Best Book for Beginners

Arranged in the form of an encyclopedia so that
any information can be found in an instant. The
subjects are completely covered, and brought com-
pletely up to the times by constant revision. The
book is beautifully illustrated by the finest half-
tones. 100th thousand. 1905 edition. Price, $1.20,
postpaid.

Bees and Queens

We are prepared to furnish Nuclei and full col
onies of Italian Bees. Also our Red Clover am
Honey Strain of Italian Queens, as well as Importeit
Queens. Upon the queen depends the prosperity of
the colony. See to it that your queens are young
and vigorous, and the honey is sure if there are
flowers. Write for our price-list.

Ttl6 ft. I, i^OOt GOmDany factory and Executive Olllce, |y|g(||[ia QHJO

10 Branch Houses

Hundreds of Agents

Si&^g€HS&&&&&&'&&&&*^^i^^^&&&^^^®^e^^-&&&&&&&^^^&&&&&&&&&^

Published Weekly at 91.00 a Tear by Gieorge W. ¥ork & Co., 334 Uearbom St.

QBORae W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 18, 1905

VoL XLV— No, 20

The American Bee Journal is absolutely an independent publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves to be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 4Sth year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during its long and honorable history.

I

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(Sbttortal Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

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Bee-Keeping Being Recognized

More than ever before is bee-keeping being
recognized as a rural industry that deserves
consideration on the part of those who are
seeking a healthful as well as fairly remun-
erative outdoor occupation. We are led to
this remark on account of the large space re-
cently devoted to instructive illustrated arti-
cles on bees and bee-keeping in such maga-
zines as Country Life in America, The Hoifte
Beautiful, Country Calendar, etc. The last-
named publication is a new one beginning
with the May ( this month's) number, and the
large edition printed was s61d almost before
it was off the press.

So it seems that bee-keeping is just begin-
ning to be appreciated. Like poultry-raising,
only within a few years has it been developed,
and to-day see to what wonderful proportions
it has grown.

As our country grows in population, more
and more will the smaller rural industries be
developed, and so beekeeping will come in
for its share of the increased interest and con-
sequent enlargement of its borders.

All this should increase the general demand
for honey as much, perhaps, as it will aug-
ment the size of the crop produced. But
what is most needed is that those who are led
to embark in bee-keeping through the recent
published articles shall be impressed with the
necessity of thoroughly imtorming themselves
on the subject if they expect to make a suc-
cess of the work. Otherwise they will simply
invite failure, and thus become disgusted with
the pursuit.

By avoiding too high an idea of the finan-
cial possibilities of bee-keeping, many will
save themselves a far and rapid fall, with its
resultant bump.

The thing for all new recruits to do is to
" make haste slowly," and thus be more
likely to differ from the mushroom in their
growth and lasting qualities as bee-keepers.

Unripe Honey— Quality vs. Quantity

Mr. R. A. Burnett, of R. A. Burnett & Co.,
of this city, who has had over 25 years' ex-
perience in handling honey, writes as follows:

I have just read the article by Mr. E. D.
Townsend, on "The Importance of Having
Ripe Honey When it is Put Upon the Mar-
tcet."

In the autumn of last year we sold a barrel
of honey to a man who would use about 500
pounds per week. We had sampled one of
the barrels of the lot and found it to be well-
ripened honey, but as the lot was from dif-
ferent producers, having been consigned to us
by a dealer, the barrel which he got proved to
be of a low quality io flavor, wholly from the
standpoint of having; been extracted when the
honey was not cured sufficiently to give it
flavor, or prevent it separating so that there
was about half a gallon of water in the barrel
that had been exuded during the candying
process. This caused the man to return the
package, and the so-called water in a can. We
endeavored to satisfy him by offering to sub-
stitute another package for it, but he felt
that he could not afford to risk it, and said he
had great difficulty ia getting honey outside
of one producer, whom he knew always had
good honey. The result of it was, we lost a
customer for honey, and the man who sent us
this unripe honey missed the sale of several
hundred pounds of his product.

It is our opinion i which we have voiced for
some years) that uoripe honey has had more
to do with the curtailment of its use by peo-
ple generally than aoy other things combined,
for when a per-sun gets a coarse-grained,
flavorless extracted honey, he does not like to
throw it away, nor to return it to the vender,
but keeps it around until everybody in the
family tires of seeioi; honey, and gets out of
the habit of using it sometimes for years.

If we tail to giv. people a good article, it
will be time thrown away to try to convince
them they should ;'.'.• more of it. Producers
of honey should e free from commercial
selfishness to the extent that they should seek
quality before quani;;y. We will venture the
opinion that if the honey to be gathered in
1905 will be allow e i 'O ripen in the hives be-
fore being offered ijr sale, the consumption
of honey will he greatly enhanced, and also,
if that is kept up i ithoul variation for the
next five years, the imount consumed will be
double what it has icn in the past five years.

It seems to me the remedy is very simple, in
the fact that it lies wholly in the producer's
hands.

In conclusion I will say this: That begin-
ning with the crop of this season, any unripe
honey that comes to us will not be offered
for sale, but held subject to the owner's or-
ders. It might be that a unanimous under-
standing to this effect among honey-dealers
would be a most effective means of stopping
the unwarrantable greed of the producer who
endeavors to market a product that will bring
him money at the expense of all intelligent
and honorable producers.

R. A. Burnett.

We think that Mr. Burnett's suggestion is
a good one, that all honey-dealers agree not
to receive unripe honey. Certainly they have
it in their power to stop the shipment of such
honey, and by all means should do so. Of
course, no sensible bee-keeper would think
for a moment of bottling unripe honey for the
retail trade. If he did so, he would soon
have no demand for it. And not only that,
but such stuff will always kill the desire for
any more honey of any kind. Unripe honey-
disgusts the consumer, and, in the end, is a,
loss to all concerned.

This danger is one that must be considered
should the National Association ever furnish
labels to its members. It could not afford to
allow its name and guaranty to be used by
any bee-keeper who is such a fraud as to put
unripe honey on the market, knowingly.

Tlie New Honey-Producers' League

Under this heading Editor W. H. Putnam,
of the Rural Bee-Keeper, has this to say :

Bee-keepers and farmers have been for a
long time learning how to produce honey.
The industry has reached a critical point,
where the supply seems to be greater than the
demand. We. as bee-keepers, have been pro-
ducing, we have sold our product for what it
would fetch. Certain natural conditions have
arisen which have brought up the price of
supplies. Bee-keepers all over the land have
entered a protest, and all agree that the price
of supplies is too high compared with the
price of honey.

All dealers and manufacturers have heard
so much about this subject that they have
looked about for a remedy. They And that
very few peoi)le comparatively are users of
honey, and a great many do not even know its
taste. They tiud cheap syrups (composed
mostly of glucose) in every retail store, and
flaming advertisements declaring that this
poisonous concoction is better than honey.
Many farmer bee-keepers are letting their
bees go to the woods rather than buy hives and
supplies at the present scale of prices.

As every manufacturing industry must
depend upon li'e prosperity of the consumer
or producer, and one upon the other, the con-

356

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18, 190S

sumer of bee-hives being the producer of
honey, it was lately decided by some leading
manufacturers and bee-journal publishers and
honey-producers living in the vicinity of Chi-
cago, 111., that something must be done. The
following article from the Secretary will ex-
plain what has been done. The next step will
be, will the bee-keepers of this land take in-
terest enough in their own business to co-
operate with those who have taken the initia-
tive in this movement to increase the demand
and the price of honey 3 Ton will notice from
reading the Constitution that the burden falls
heaviest upon the manufacturers of supplies,
and you will notice that they will do their
utmost to support this movement. Why?
These manfacturers are constant advertisers ;
they know the benefits to be derived from
advertising, and they are willing to spend
their money in that direction. We all know
that there are approximately 100,000 people
engaged in honey-production to one manu-
facturer of supplies. The manufacturers and
editors can act only as a nucleus. The bee-
keepers must swarm to make this movement —
their movement — a success.

The selection of George W. York, of Chi-
cago, as General Manager of this League is
very opportune. Editor York is an advertis-
ing specialist, and a careful business man.
We may all rest assured that our money will
be well invested in advertising.

W. H. Putnam.

Then follows a copy of the Constitution
and prospectus as they appeared in these col-
umns a few weeks ago. We are glad the
League is to have such hearty support as
Editor Putnam indicates in the foregoing.
We trust that, as he suggests, the bee-keepers
will come to the defense of their own business,
and join The Honey-Producers' League by
the thousand. Surely, something needs to be
done to stimulate a more general demand for

honey.

'•'

Best Hive-Entrance for Bees

" Swarthmore " says in the American Bee-
Keeper :

Bees prefer a one-inch auger-hole to all
other forms of entrances. This may be
proven by boring a hole into the back of any
hive having a slot entrance at the front.

It might be worth while to know whether
this is really the case; for, other things being
«ijual, it is well to concede something to the
preferences of the bees. Have any tried the
experiment of boring a hole into the back of
a hive having a slot entrance in front 1 and,
if so, with what result? Yet if the bees
should not take kindly to the new entrance
at the back, it would hardly be proof that
they have no preference for a round hole, for
bees are creatures of habit, and are more
likely to continue using the old entrance from
habit, even if the new be better. If, how-
ever, they should show a preference for the
new entrance, there would still remain the
question whether the preference was due to
the shape or the location of the entrance. A
number of different experiments might be
necessary to decide as to any positive pref-
erence.

Mr. C G. Chevalier, of Maryland, sends
us the following, taken from the Philadelphia
Press, under the heading, " Nothing Serious:''

Farmington — Ah ! there's that old poem
about husking bees. I always did like that.

Dumley— Husking bees? What do you
mean?

Farmington — Why, were you never in the
country during the season of husking bees?

Dumley — No. How in the world do you
husk a bee?

It seems to us that it might be something
•^' serious" were one to try to " husk a bee."

r

K

ITiiscdlancoxis Hems 3tem5

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Mr. Geo. E. Bacon, representative of
The G. B. Lewis Co., when in Chicago on
business last week, made this otHce a brief
call. He reports a good business in bee-sup-
plies at their factory.

A New Bee-Editor.— Arthur C. Miller
has made his editorial bow in the American
Bee-Keeper as associate with Harry E. Hill,
who, for more than seven years, has occupied
alone the tripod. Mr. Miller is well known
as a vigorous writer, and the editorial utter-
ances of the American Bee-Keeper, which
have been by no means of the insipid order,
are not likely to fall off in interest because of
the new associate hand at the helm.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., of

Jamestown, N. Y., are the largest manufac-
turers of bee-keepers' supplies east of Ohio.
We had the pleasure of visiting their splendid
establishment last November. We began our
tour of visiting some of the bee-supply manu-
facturers early last fall, and the Falconer
Company was the one we closed our trips
with at that time, though there are several
more of them in the West that we want to see
a little later on.

We were received by Mr. Falconer and Mr.
Merrill with true Eastern cordiality. The
former devoted all his time to us while we
were there, taking us through the large
factory, and showing us a great deal of their
work in detail.

Besides bee-supplies, they make a great
many advertising novelties and school sup-

plies. They seem to be equipped to make
almost anything and everything in wood.
And their workmanship is simply superb. We
believe we saw the most highly polished sec-
tions and some other articles that we ever saw
anywhere. They were " as smooth as glass."

Mr. Falconer gave us quite a number of
samples of their goods — in fact, he would
have loaded us up like a country pack-ped-
dler had we not declined most of his generous
donations of samples. They were all so
unique and beautiful, especially the advertis-
ing novelties and school appliances. We have
since been able to make very happy several of
our friends among the neighbors' children to
whom we presented the samples, unfortu-
nately not having any living children of our
own. But we can assure The Falconer Com-
pany that their kindness to us we endeavored
to "pass on" to others, and it was appre-
ciated all along the line.

We are glad to be. able to present to our
readers the pictures of Mr. Falconer and Mr.
Merrill, and also of their factory. We wish
we could tell something more about the two
gentlemen personally, but our repeated re-
quests tor biographical matter were good-
naturedly declined, and so we and our readers
will have to be satisfied with their pictures,
both of which we think are excellent.

Should you ever go to Jamestown, N. Y.,
don't fail to call on The W. T. Falconer Mfg.
Co., located at " Falconer," a delightful sub-
urb about 3 miles east of Jamestown. You
will receive a hearty welcome and most gen-
erous treatment. We did, and hope to go
again some day.

/T

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-V Some (£xpert ©pinion -f

==\

=/

Fresh Comb Foundation vs. Old

Ques. 26 — How much better is fresh J'oun-
datlon than that which is a year oWt

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.) — None at all.

G. M. DoonTTLE (N. Y.) — Not an iota.

L. Stachelhausen (Tex.) — No better at all.

0. O. PoppLETON (Fla.) — In my practice,
no better.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.) — I never could tell any
difference.

Jas. a. Stone (111.) — Very little, it kept
from dust and light.

Eugene Secor (Iowa)— I don't believe
there is much difference.

J. M. Hambaugh (Calif.) — No better, if you
will steam the old foundation.

E. D. Townsend (Mich.)— No difference,
other conditions being the same.

Mrs. J. M. Null (Mo.)— No better if the
latter has never been on the hive.

Morgan Bros. (S. Dak.) — There is no dif-
ference if kept in a warm, dark place.

N. E. France (Wis.)— No better, it the old
is tempeied or warmed a little before using.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— Not a particle. On the
contrary, the latter may be a little more firm.

R. L. Tailor (Mich.)— But little if any
better if the old has been carefully kept from
dust, etc.

Arthur C. Miller (R. I.) — None, if the
latter has been kept in a close package away
from the air.

E. E. Hastt (Ohio) — I don't know, but as
a matter of business I would pay 10 percent
more if buying.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.) — I have not noticed
any difference between that just made and
that several years old.

Wm. McEvot (Ont.)— I never found the
fresh any better than the old wten I dipped
the old in water not too warm, just before
using it.

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)— When well kept in
sheets, not very much difference. After hav-
ing been on the hives, with us, as a rule, it is
better to use fresh.

Prop. A. J. Cook (Calif.)— Practically I
could never see much difference. Of course 1
should prefer fresh foundation, but I am not
sure that it is any better.

G W. Demaree (Ky.) — I really can't say,
but I used last year some foundation over h
years old, and it gave perfect satisfaction, but
it had been in a close box all the time.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.)— I suppose the
fresh ought to be a Utile better, but hardly
enough to notice the difference. I've used

May 18, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

357

sections that had been filled with full sheets
of foundation for five years, and they seemed
to be as good as any.

E. Whitoomb (Sebr.) — I have not been
able to notice any difference. What we
might call "fresh" may have been made a
year or more before we came into possession
of it.

C. H. DiBBERN (111.)— If it has not been
exposed to light and air, it is no better. If
the foundation is in thesections, and has been
more or less soiled by the bees, it is not so
good.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — I don't believe

there is any ditTi.rence. I have some that
will be 3 years old this season, and I would
not give a cent a i^ound to exchange it for
fresh-made.

S. T. Pettit M Ioi. i— I have used it at dif-
ferent ages up tu ; years old, and could see
but little difference, if in the meantime it had
been kept wrapped or boxed up from exposure
to light and air.

J. A. Green (Colo.)— Guided by my bees'
preferences, I prefer the fresh foundation,
but it would be dilMcult to say how much
difference there is. If the foundation has
been left packed as it came from the factory-

protected from air, dust and light — the differ-
ence is very slight. It it has been exposed to
these agencies, it may be considerable.

Dk. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— Pretty hard to
determine the percent of " horn much better ?''
Bees take ciuicker to the fresh foundation be-
cause it is softer than the old. If the old is
warmed and softened bees will work it quite
as readily as the new.

E. S. LovESY (Utah) — If it is made of pure
beeswax, and if rightly made and nicely
packed and preserved, I know of no differ-
ence. The greater portion of the foundation
I used last year was 5 years old, and I never
used any that gave me better satisfaction.

-V Contributcb ^-
Special drticles

=\

J'

Hive-Buying and Hive-Making Symposium

A Few Opinions on this Important Subject

MAKING OR BUYING HIVES.

I have been interested in the controversy regarding mak-
ing or buying hives. I made 8 hives with 2 supers each, and
the same cost, me $12.05 in the knock-down, where last year
hives of better material and one super only cost me SI. 15 each,
freight paid. So, hereafter, when I want any hives some
manufacturer will get my order. F. P. Dau.m.

Henry Co., Mo., May 5.

HOME-MADE VS. FACTORY-MADE HIVES.

This, like any other question, has -two sides to it. Judg-
ing from the recent articles in the .Journal the question seems
to be nearly settled in favor of factory-made hives.

I believe that for the man who has from 10 to 15 colonies,
and has not previously had some kind of power and machinery
on hand, it would certainly pay him to buy his hives from the
factory. I do not think a man could make more than one 10-
frame hive complete in a day with frames, bottom-board,
cover and dummy, unless he had s-ome kind of power and
machinery. Counting that man's time worth, say $1.50, and
the lumber and nails which will amount to 50 cents more, he
has a hive which costs him $2.00, and very likely when he
tries on the cover of some other hive, or its frames, he would
sell his hand-made hive for $1.00.

But I think, on the other hand, that for the man who
intends keeping bees as a business, and has from 25 colonies
up, it would certainly pay him to buy a saw and some kind of
power, and manufacture his own hives. By taking care in
regard to gauges and measuring all parts before they are
nailed together, he would have as good a hive as he can get
from the factory, and I know from experience that one man
can cut out material enough for 10 hives in one day. Count-
ing that man's time as before at $1.50, and the lumber and
nails at 50 cents per hive, he has a hive which costs him about
65 cents. The difference in this price from factory-made
hives would soon pay for a man's machinery.

To sum up : I think a man with a few colonies (as it
would not pay him to install machinery) would better buy his
hives. But a man with from 25 to 50 colonies would save a
good many dollars in buying the necessary machinery to build
hives.

Of course, there are such things as sections, separaturs,
etc., which it would not pay us to try to make, althouLrli I
may just add I saw-cut my own plain separators.

Ontario, Canada. Tom Thompson.

MAKE HIVES OR BUY — WHICH ?

"How are you, Mr. Smith? Did your bees go thrunL'h
the winter well ?"

" Yes, Mr. Brown, they came through all right, but 1 Iwar
everything is so high in the bee-supply line that 1 have decil -d
to sell out."

■' Yes, it is true there has been lots of talk on the sulijcct
j n the bee-papers. I always try to look on both sides of a

question, and especially on this one, as I have kept bees my-
self for the past 25 years. Of course, Mr. Smitii, when you
come right down to it, they've ' got us ' on sections, and the
less we say about that the better. We pay $5.00 a thousand
for them, and get 70 pounds of wood which we sell at all the way
from 10 to 20 cents a pound along with our honey. Suppose
we get only 10 cents a pound for it, we receive $7.00 for what
we pay $5.00, and we are $2.00 ahead on it at that.

" Last week I had to go up in Wisconsin to see my daugh-
ter, and as I happened to be near a town which has a large
plant devoted to the manufacture of bee-supplies, I thought
I'd just take a run up there and go through it. I was sur-
prised to find so much lumber piled up all around. There
must have been thousands and thousands of dollars worth
there lying in a pile. Well, sir, I went through the factory
from beginning to end, and watched about a hundred men at
different machines, each man doing his little part. I saw one
machine used just for piercing end-bars for Hoffman frames, '
and they tell me the cost of such a machine is about $500.
One thing 1 noticed particularly, and that was the packing
department. I saw three or four girls doing nothing but
packing up nails. They do this all day long, and these nails
are sent along with the' hives to nail 'em up with. Why, I
remember the time, years ago, when all we got to our hives
was a lot of boards, supposed to be parts of the hive, and then
a lot of frames were thrown in with these boards, and then,
when you got 'em you didn't know what you had. The lum-
ber was poor and knotty. Nothing was marked to show what
fit on what, and when you did put 'em together they wouldn't
fit. Why, land of goodness, man, nowadays when a bee-
keeper gets a hive from one of these big factories you'd think
he was expecting a piano. If there's one-eighth inch differ-
ence in any one part he kicks, and they told me up there that
a lot of these people ship the goods right back if they happen
to be a sixteenth of an inch out of the way, and they aren't
very often. When a man gets a hive nowadays he receives
nice, clear white pine, every part marked and done up in
packages, and then he gets a set of directions for putting the
parts together, so that he couldn't make a mistake if he
wanted to. His frames and inside furniture are all systemat-
ically put up. He is furnished tin and wire nails and every-
thing he can need, even directions which tell him how many
nails to use in every board. In fact, he gets everything, as a
fellow told me the other day, but the hammer to nail 'em up
with. And in the catalog all this means a hive.

"Yes, I know hives nowadays cost more than they used
to, and some say they have doubled ; but when I got on the
train I was more perplexed than ever over this bee-supply
proposition, only this time I couldn't figure out how they can
afford to sell 'em as cheap as thev do." John Ai.len.

Lake Co., 111. ^

MAKE OR BUY HTVES— WHICH ?

I consider the American Bee Journal entirely right and
most wise in recommending bee-keepers to buy their hives.
(See editorial, page 291-292.) Yes, even to recommend that
the "man who is exceptionally skillful in the use of tools,
who makes hives in times that would be spent in the corner
grocery, so that really nothing would be counted for his
time," to buy his hives ready to nail together, rather than to
make his own. .Take a 2-story hive for comb honey, and
there will be from 92 to 452 pieces in the completed hive.
Now each and every single piece must be accurately measured,
nearly every piece measured separately, which takes a great
amount of time and is excessivtiy tedious. I am considering
the matter from the standpoint of making every hive in the
apiary exact duplicates, so that any single piece of any hive
will absolutely and perfectly fit any other hive, which, I think,
every one will agree is what ought to be done by hand—
another tedious job ; then each piece must be planed on all four

358

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18, 190S

of its sides ; and it will take an exceedingly careful and an ex-
traordinarily good carpenter to Tnake 100 pieces anywhere
near mathematically alike. Even if he is so clever as to be
able to do this, I still hold that he is wasting his time, for so
expert a laborer could obtain the biggest kind of wages for
his work, enough in a week to enable him to buy 30 or 40 hives.

No, sir ! the best carpenter — the best cabinet-maker —
using the best lumber to be had, is still wasting his time in
making his own hives ; and the better workman he is the
more he is wasting when he tries with hand-labor to compete
with machinery in turning out exact duplicates of anything.
It takes too much time, entirely.

I would no' thiuk of making all my own hives, though I
have the necessary tools and ability to do so, but will con-
tinue to buy till present prices are at least doubled, and I
don't know that I would make my own even then. Buy your
hives vi\th.&veiy part accurately cut — to fit perfectly where
each is meant to go, and to be interchangeable with any and
every hive in the apiary. And this even without considering
the question of cost. For the manufactured hives all cut by
machinery are so far ahead of any that can be made by hand
that they should be, and are, worth more monev.

I can, and have, made exact duplicates of the manufac-
tured hive, but at such a cost in time and labor, without
counting the cost of the lumber and the waste of lumber, that
I decidedly consider the hand-made hive, when made as accu-
rately as the machine-made hive, to be absolutely prohibit-
ively expensive. "A Bee-keeper IN Virginia."'

Augusta Co., Va.

P. S. — I have no connection with any manufactory, nor
any supply-house, and am in no way concerned with the sale
of any single appliance used by bee-keepers.

HOME-MADE BEK-SUPPLIES.

I have been quite interested in the controversy relating to
bee-keepers making their own bee-hives, supers, eic, some
claiming the manufacturers are charging too high a price for
their goods, others that they can be made for less, and that,
besides, one does not make as good an article as the factories
turn out.

I have made my hives and fixtures for two years, and I
am sure it pays me well to make them. I do not make them
all by hand. I made a machine which cost me $3.00 for
foundry work, and $2.00 for two 8-inch saws— $5.00 in all. It
is very much the same as the foot-power machines advertised,
only mine has the table rigid. I raise and lower the saw by a
treadle, with stop to prevent cutting beyond the proper depth,
and when through it drops below the table out of the way.
Or the saw is made rigid by tightening a thumb-screw, hold-
ing the saw-frame solid between the legs of the machine. My
saw is run by a power wind-mill 16 feet. The saw makes a's
many as 5000 revolutions a minute, and cuts as smooth as a
plane.

To make 4 supers, I take one board 10 inches by 12 feet-
second clear lumber, costing $26 per 1000 feet, which would
make the one board cost 26 cents; 8 flat tins 4 cents— total,
30 cents, or Di cents per super. These are listed in most of
the catalogs at 10 in tbc flat for $4.00. The same things cost
me 75 cents. Of course I have made no account of work, but
as I could cut out 300 supers a day, that would not increase
the cost very much, even if my time was very valuable, which
it is not. This estimate applied to hives holds equally as
good. Thus, it would seem that there is a fine profit for some-
body. Of course the large bee-hive concerns probably get
their lumber cheaper than I do, but they are to an enormous
expense for machinery, skilled labor, and many other items
which go to swell the amount.

I am not finding fault with the prices quoted by any
manufacturer of bee-supplies. I simply claim that it pays
one to make his own hives and fixtures as far as he can. There
are some things that it is better to buy than to make, such as
sections, fences, and wood or tin separators. I would not
want to make my own hives by hand-work alone, but would
rather pay the prices asked than to tackle that, as it makes
me nervous. I tried it once. I should like to hear through
the American Bee .7ournal from others who have tried mak-
ing their own hives. A. D. HusoN.

Sheboygan Co., Wis., April 24.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pag-es 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal

Season of 1904— Swarming Management

BY C. DAVEKPOBT

THE honey crop here last year was light, and the word
" light " in this case may be used in a double sense, as
the crop was light in quantity and color. Hardly any
dark or amber honey was gathered last fall, and last winter,
or rather spring, there was a severe loss of bees. With one
exception I never had bees spring dwindle like they did last
spring. What caused it is more than I know. The weather
and early spring flows were not very favorable. But I have
seen the conditions worse, when no spring dwindling to
amount to anything occurred. The previous fall enough fall
honey was gathered to keep brood-rearing up in good shape,
so it was not the lack of young bees that caused this loss last
spring.

I have noticed that a good many think that if no fall
honey is secured to keep up brood-rearing late, so that the
colonies go into winter quarters without many young bees,
that spring dwindling will, or is apt to, result. This looks
very reasonable, and maybe the case in most instances.

But I well remember one fall when no fall honey was
gathered, and brood-rearing stopped earlier than I ever knew
it to do before or since. I expected that there would be a
heavy loss the next spring, but I never had bees come through
the spring, or build up better, than they did.

I think that it was 10 years ago last spring that there
was the most severe spring loss of bees around here that there
has been in my time. The late Mr. B. Taylor, the most promi-
nent apiarist in our State at that time, in writing about his
severe loss, said that it was his Waterloo. Mr. Taylor thought
that the great loss was because not enough young bees were
reared late the previous fall ; but in my own yards enough
fall honey was secured to keep brood-rearing up late, so in
neither case was it a lack of young bees that caused my own
severe loss of bees by spring dwindling.

Now, owing to the loss of bees last spring, and the light
crop gathered by what were left, the season was, in a finan-
cial way, the poorest I have known in a good many years. In
other ways though — " those things we would not sell for
money " — it was far different.

In the first place, I have finally found a. practical y/a,y to
render comb into wax ^nd secure all the wax, no matter how
old the comb is. I have spent what is, for a bee-keeper, a
large amount of money, besides a large amount of work and
time, over this problem, and I am glad to say that I have
solved it. No machine or screw press is used, yet I can ren-
der more wax from any kind of comb and leave less wax in
the slumgum than can be done with any press machine that
is made, or can be made and operated by one man.

But this is a small matter compared to what I learned, or
rather verified last season in regard to artificial swarming.
As a good many who will read this know, I am a specialist,
and devote my whole time to our pursuit, and that I have for
a good many years practiced artificial swarming. Some 10 or
12 years ago, in the American Bee Journal, I described my
method, which was, in brief, to remove all the brood. Not
much attention was paid to it at the time, and what comment
there was about it was unfavorable, but of late this matter
has been given a good deal of prominence in all our journals
under the names of "shook" or "brushed" swarms. Of
course, it makes no difiference whether the bees are shaken or
brushed, the essential principle is to remove all the brood, for
if all the brood is not removed, the colony, if it has contracted
the swarming fever, will be very apt to swarm in a few days
if only one frame is left. I preferred this method to natural
swarming, but one very great objection to it is tliat a colony
swarmed by this " shook " or brushed plan is very apt to
swarm out again the next day, and sometimes they will swarm
out a number of times before settling down to work ; and in
some cases, if they do not swarm out, they sulk or refuse to
work much for a number of days. And, again, others
"swarmed" in this way never vior^ with any vim or energy.

But the swarming out is the worst part, for in a large yard,
where a large number of colonies have been swarmed one day,
the next day there may be a dozen swarms all out in a snarl
together. Here, just as sure as fate, if a colony is swarmed
by this method, after they have a queen-cell sealed they will
swarm out. I never knew an exception to this in all the years
I have practiced swarming in this way. There must, though,
be a difference — shall I use our old' stand-by, "locality?" —
in regard to this swarming out, for some have reported
through the journals that they had no trouble in this respect,
while others have had, and last fall, while at our State Fair,
I met a good many bee-keepers from this State, and also a
number from Wisconsin, and I talked with all of them abou t

May 18, 1905

THB AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

359

this, and every one of them that takes a bee-paper had triod
this shook-swarm method. .Some had trouble with swanus
deserting, and some because they would not work, and I met
oijly two who called the method a success.

I have for years, during the swarming season, thouglit,
studied, worked, and even dreamed nights, about some plan
or way that colonies could be swarmed so as to overcome the
objections I have named, b\it even in my dreams 1 ncviT
hoped or expected to obtain the success I have secured. In
reality, though, no credit is due me, for it was not any of tli<'
countless plans, methods, or devices I tried with this obje.-t
in view that was the means of my discovering this method — a
method or plan which is such a singular success that I sup-
pose but few will believe what I shall say about it. At least
I, who have spent practically all my life with bees, would not
believe what 1 shall say if I had not the proof of my own ex-
perience.

A year ago last summer I was going to " swarm " a col-
ony, but upon examining the bees I saw they had two or three
queen-cells, so, as I knew that they would swarm out the next
day anyway, they were not swarmed in the regular way ;
simply in order to save work they were handled in a different
way, and I expected, of course, that they would swarm out,
but they did not, though I could hardly believe the reason was
on account of the way they happened to be treated. But the
fact remained, that instead of swarming out they went to
work with all the vim and energy of a natural swarm that is
fully satisfied with its new home.

Southern Minnesota.
(Concluded next week.)

#

Best Bee-Hive— Prices of Bees

BY DR. G. BOHRER

ON page 21, Mr. Latham asks what is the best bee-hive, and
uses all his argument in support of two objects, one being
the closed-end frame, and the other a frame hanging
crosswise of the hive.

If there is any advantage in favor of the closed-end
frame the standard Langstrotli can be made in that way. or
the Hoffman can be made with the entire end closed quite as
easily, and at little, if any, more expense than the way we
now have it. In wintering on the summer stands a closed-
end frame may afford a slight advantage, but I doubt it, for
the reason that if the walls of a hive were made so as to have
two or even three dead air-spaces the combs would be covered
with frost in cold climates, if left on the summer stands over
winter.

The first and most important point to be looked after in
outdoor wintering is to keep the bees from rain, snow and
wind. Then with sufficient honey for their subsistence within
easy access, they will winter through several weeks of zero
weather. Hut if they are cut off from their stores by frost
they will starve out. The crosswise frame as used by Mr.
Latham has no advantage over the standard Langstroth
frame, except possibly a very slight one which is in the mat-
ter of its being 2 inches deeper, and of course will put the

honey directly above the bees. What the Langstroth frame
lacks in deptli it a little more than jnakes up for in length for
honey space, which, with the rear cMid of the hive being raised
2 to 4 inches higher than the front makes the honey about as
accessible to the bees, if not fully as much so, as it is in the
crosswise frames.

I talked to both Mr. Langstroth and Mr. Quinby concern-
ing the difference between the length and depth of their comb
frames. INI r. Langstroth took the ground that the depth and
length of his frame, with 10 frames to a hive, afforded about
as much space in the brood-nest as the average queen and
colony could populate, and yield a profitable surplus to their
owner, and that the space on top of such a hive was ample for
storing a large surplus. Mr. Quinby held that in New York,
where he lived, and north of that, the winters were severe
and protracted, and that he felt that to add about 2 inches to
the depth of the Langstroth frame, and one inch or more to
the length, would make the matter of wintering on the sum-
mer stands somewhat safer than would be the case with the
shallower frame. He, of course, like Mr. Langstroth, advised
that the rear end of the hive be raised several inches, which
would place the stores more nearly directly over the cluster of
bees.

The cost is admitted to be greater in the crosswise hive,
and also that it takes more time to handle the frames. As to
a greater current of air having access to the bees in the Lang-
stroth hive than in the crosswise-framed hive, there is cer-
tainly little, if anything, in favor of the crosswise frame.
For during cold weather the entrance of either should be con-
tracted so as to admit only sufficient air to afford the colony
good ventilation.

Hives of every conceivable shape and many different
depths have been tested, but none of them has ever displaced
the old standard frame invented and given to us by that great-
est of all bee-keepers and hive-inventors.

But I wish to say that there is one apparently unsur-
mountable difficulty in regard to the Hoffman frame, namely,
it will cause many bees to be crushed. I have tried to be as
careful as it seems possible to be in handling them, and have
never been able to avoid killing more bees than are killed by
the plain standard Langstroth frame spaced, with staple
driven in the end- bar or top-bar near the end.

SPRING AND FALL PRICES OF BEES.

On page 245, widely different spring and fall prices of a
colony of bees are given. Let us consider it.

An 8-frame l>^-story hive, nailed and painted, with one-
inch starters, is quoted in catalogs at $2.65 ; add to this for
freight 35 cents ; honey on March 1, 15 pounds $1.50 ; bees on
March 1, $1.50, making a total of $6 00. In the fall add IS
pounds more honey at $1.50, and this will make the fall price
$7.50. I think $1.50 for the bees of a colony is a very moder-
ate price, and honey at 10 cents per pound — that is, honey
suitable for wintering bees — is not an over-estimate, and 30
pounds for wintering a good colony of bees in an 8-frame hive
is also a fair estimate, it seems to me, and certainly not by
any means an over-estimate.

Lyons Co., Kans., April 1.

r

\=

0ur BcclCccpino; Sisters

=\

Conducted by Kmma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

J

The Wonderful (?) Cotton
lable" Hive

Control-

About 25 years ago a hive with a woman's
name attached was somewhat extensively
advertised tor which large claims were made,
and no little was said in the bee-papers about
Mrs. Lizzie E. Cotton and her Controllable
hive, the general belief seeming to be that
there was very little of any woman in the
case beyond a man using his wife's name.
Little has been heard of Mrs. Cotton and her
hive for some years, but lately it seems to be
coming to the surface again.

A circular about "The Controllable Hive,
Improved Bees, and New System of Bee-Keep-
ing," is to hand, which starts out by saying
that owing to poor health Mrs. Cotton has

transferred her interest in "The New System
of Bee-Keeping" to her husband, C. B. Cot-
ton. But iust a> great things can be done
with the hive new as 25 years ago. Get the
I improved bees iu the Controllable hive, and
"your success in the end, and your profits of
the first season a \^t greater from one swarm
of thesebeesin this hive than from 6 swarms
of bees in any oilmr hive." Hive with outfit
ready to receive » swarm of bees, se.OO. The
same with a " ft! -iwarm ot Improved Bees,"
$20. That's onl.', ^ U for the bees alone !
The following Vtter has also been received:

Miss Wilson
the Controllable
of Bee-Keeping
you will favor n

Maine, Dec. 24, 1904.

-Should like to introduce

'live and Improved System

the people of Illinois. If

withy our order ;for a Con-

trollable hive and complete outfit on receipt
of this letter, I will furnish you on receipt of
$4.00— regular price $6.00— pi-octrfjH// you will
recommend to your friends, if hive pleases
you, as I am certain it will.

I refer to F. G. Adams, of , Iowa. Mr.

Adams has had the hive in use more than 20
years.

Don't delay if you want the hive and outfit
at this reduced price. Tours truly,

C. B. Cotton.

To which has been sent the following reply :

Dear Sir .—In reply to your recent letter, I
would say that it is considerable trouble to
test unknown things, and would suggest the
following arrangement; Tou send me free,
with all charges for carriage prepaid, your
complete fiJ.OO outfit of hive, etc., together
with S2.50 to pay tor the trouble of testing,
and it upon trial its great superiority is
shown, I will cheerfully recommend it to my
friends. Emma Wilson.

The strange thing in the case is that after
25 years of publicity such a wonderful hive
would necil to be introduced " to the people
of Illinois, ' or of any other State. Strange,
too, that not a man of those who make their

360

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18, 1905

bread and butter by producing honey Stems
to have gotten hold of this great improve-
mentby which their profits could be increased
sixfold !

^-^^

Delightful Weather for Bees

We are having delightful weather, and the
bees are enjoying it most thoroughly. They
are in fine condition, no weaklings this
spring, just strong, vigorous colonies. Plums
and cherries in full bloom May 3, with the
thermometer at 85 degrees. Pretty good
weather for bees, but then we may be having
frost ere many days — can't tell.

Honey as a Soap Substitute

Honey is said to be as good as soap for
cleansing the hands. Directions are to rub it
on when the skin is dry, moisten a little and
rub again, use more water and rubbing, and
finally wash thoroughly when the hands will
be as clean as though the strongest compound
of grease and lye were used. — The Farmers'
Review.

1 did not have very much faith in the
cleansing properties of anything as sticky as
honey, but concluded to give it a fair trial.
Say, it works better than you may think it
would. Give it a trial and see.

only explanation she could give for the fact
that her honey does not candy, while the
raspberry honey of that region is celebrated
for candying solid as soon as cold weather
comes, is that her extracting is all done late
in the fall. She just piles the hives up one
story on top of another, so as to give the bees
room. When extracting lime comes, the
combs are taken into a warm room, and kept
there long enough to get well warmed
through. The room is kept at a pretty high
temperature where the extracting is done,
because the honey is so thick it is a pretty
hard matter to throw it out.

"Of course, there are other bee-keepers,
many of them, working on this plan. The
honey is better ripened, a good deal, than the
average comb honey, especially comb honey
that is taken from the hive before it is soiled
by the bees tramping over it. And I for one
do not want any more comb honey so long as
I can get Mrs. Morrow's extracted. I have
submitted my sample to a good many people
since then, and they pretty much all agree
with me. The honey is so thick it is difficult
to get it out of the bottle without warming,
or letting it stand in a warm room. Of course,
such thick honey ought to bring more money
than the ordinary liquid honey on the market ;
but I for one would be willing to pay for it."

A Little Sister's Report

A Sister's Well-Ripened Honey

Mr. A. I. Root, in his notes of travel, gives
an interesting account of the success of a sis-
ter bee-keeper in northern Michigan. She
not only takes the entire charge of between
50 and 60 colonies of bees and secures good
crops of honey, but adds to that the honor of
producing a very superior article. Score one
for the sisters. Mr. Root says :

" It was my privilege to stay over night at
the home of Mrs. Morrow, who has between
50 and 60 colonies of bees, but as neither her
husband nor one of the children take to
bees, she manages them entirely herself. She
has secured good crops of honey, and, strange
to tell, her honey never candies. It is stored
in sap-pails with a cloth tied over the top ;
and on a frosty morning you can turn the
pail of honey upside down and not spill a
drop, it is so thick, and yet it is just as clear
as glass. For quality it suited me so well I
took a bottle of it home to show our Medina
folks what good, thick honey is like. The

Dear Miss Wilson: — I will answer Dr.
Miller. He wanted to know where his little
Abel girl was. I am sorry to tell you that my
sister "Hope" died on Aug. 16, 1904. She
was 10 years, 8 months, and 3 days old. The
queen that she ordered is still alive. She is
rearing brood, and is in the strongest colony.
We have 16 colonies. We lost one colony the
past winter. We had a very long and cold
winter. Papa had all the bee-hives opened on
April 20, and all are in good condition. The
weather is changeable, one day freezing, the
next day warm, and the next day raining.
My sister got that queen from Mr. York on
Aug. 13, but she never saw it. Now I must
help papa in her place. I will be 9 years old
Sept. 16. My papa's name is E. W. Abel.
Florence M. Abel.

Northampton Co., Pa., April 22.

Thank you very much for your nice little
letter. Write again ; we are always glad to
hear from the girls. I am sure the sisters
will all unite with me in extending our sym-
pathy for the loss of your sister. " Papa " is
to be congratulated that he has another little
girl so willing to fill her place.

r

VTiw ^asty s Clftcrtl^ougf^ts

The " Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

=/

WINTERING 0B9ERVAT0RT HIVES.

Dr. Miller was not the only one to be sur-
prised at Allen Latham's success in wintering
observatory colonies. Well for us to inquire
a little into the why of this success. Mr. L.
himself thinks it's partly owing to stimula-
tion late in the fall— that is, into October.
This is reasonable ; yet I do not feel absolutely
sure that extra-late breeding counts for very
much. I conjecture that the ail-along pros-
perity of the colony (as shown by their swarm-
ing) is the main element. Page 361.

THE BEE-KEEFEBS' HIVB-TOOL.

Apropos to F. Greiner's new tool made of a
piece of buggy-spring, it is apparently better
than the prevalent putty-knife as a lever; but
it does not remedy the worst short-coming of
the putty-knife for the work of removing
burr-comb. As human knuckles must have
room to move along in, the operating edge is
continually being crowded down in spite of
us against the wood of the frames — and snub

right into the wood. Can't you have the tool
made a little longer, with one end drawn to a
screw-driver shape for the lever work, and a
bend of 30 or 40 degrees put in it two or three
inches from the broad end?

Oft we want to remove wax and burrs from
combs that are not in the possession of bees.
It naturally occurs to one that an old table-
knife is the proper tool to do it with. You
try it and get mad. Even a very dull knife
won't travel in beeswax if it can find wood to
plunge aside into. One of the queer perver-
sities of materials and tools. Page 262.

HIVING BEES ON FULL SET OF DRONE-COMBS

I think some one has said that bees are
decidedly inclined to leave if hived on a full
set of drone-combs. Mr. Greiner goes on
record that they don't always do it. but some-
limes go ahead and rear a lot of worker-brood
in the dronecooab. Curious. Old bee-writ-
ings sometimes tell of bees tearing down
drone-comb and rebuilding in worker size

(that's what human beings would do, of
course), but who can tell time and place
where bees ever actually did that? Page 262.

PUTTING WEAK COLONIES OVER STRONG ONES.

That sub-head on page 262, " Uniting weak
colonies in the spring," is wrong. It means
putting weak colonies over strong ones with-
out uniting — a kink decidedly off the old,
familiar track. What about iti It seems
that two of the Michigan folks who tried it
largely like it. The apparent advantage is
that a queen, which in all probability would
have been lost, is saved. The apparent dis-
advantage is that the lower colony's heat is
used and much of it liable to be wasted. None
seem to report any fighting, which is curious.
Presumably some of the upper colony's bees
desert when put back to the old stand, but not
nearly enough to offset the gain realized by
three weeks of parasite life. I suppose they
not only go through the premises of their
stronger neighbors, but help themselves to
much that they find there. And according to
page 307, bees from below often come up and
help in the work. But don't forget that the
inventor (E. W. Alexander) warns us that
queens will be killed if such pairs are kept
together too long.

DO BEES EVER SMOTHER?

Bees never smother, eh? The backer of
that, George E. Hilton, seems inclined to push
Hutchinson in the heresy contest. The essen-
tial fact In this connection is that excited bees
feed a great amount of air, and if they can
uot have it they very speedily perish, while
perfectly quiet bees will do very well with no
more air than will go right through ice, or
bricks, or boards. Whether a colony lives or
dies is very often a mere matter of feeling and
deportment with them. No harm to shut bees
in unless the bees themselves object to It —
but if they do, then look out.

In somewhat similar manner banking with
snow is good — unless — unless it sets them to
breeding, as it frequently does. If this takes
place look out — look out and see a " blasted
hopes " apiary. I imagine that the air which
filters through snow is too stimulating — too
much ozone in it. Page 263.

CROSSING CROSS BEES WITH CYPRIANS.

So " South Carolina " crossed his cross bees
with Cyprians, thinking to make them gen-
tle ! Next he'll be crossing his hens with
Dominiques to make them non-sitters. Some '
eminent bee-folks have the " gall " to claim
that pure Cyprians are gentle; but I think
they mostly give it up about the mixed bloods.
Page 265.

Feeding Bees in the Cellar

Sugar syrup may be given to bees in the
cellar with the regular division-board feeder
of the Doolittle type. It would be advisable,
as you suggest, to put the feeder in the mid-
dle of the brood-nest; but a better way would
be to give the bees cakes of hard candy.
The candy should be made by boiling granu-
lated-sugar syrup, with a little honey in it, so
that, when cool, it will form into a hard-
translucent cake. A two or three pcund
brick of this when put on top of the brood-
frames will be enough to take care of any
colony short of stores. — Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.

♦^

Comb Honey in Confectionery

I have been unable to learn anything fur-
ther about the way in which comb noney
is used in confectionery, owing to the ab-
sence from home of the friend who sold the
honey for this purpose; but I imagine that,
like most soft candies, it is made with but a
moderate amount of cooking and a great
deal of stirring, especially just after it is
removed from the fire. In this manner the
wax is thoroughly mbced through the candy,
and helps a very soft candy to keep its shape
instead of melting down and becoming sticky
with the changes of temperature and moisture.
Parafline is sometimes used for this purpose;
but the comb honey, containing wax in about
the right proportion, already finely divided
and well mixed through the mass, is prob-
ably less trouble, besides being superior in
other respects. — J. A. Green, in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture. .

May 18 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

361

{T

Doctor ITTillcr 5 Question Box

^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Db. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
Dr. Miller does iu>t answer Questions by mail.

J^

Preventlns Swarming

Given a 10-frame Langstroth hive and 3
supers of 8 combs each, at clover time, raise
4 frames of brood to the first super, place 4
combs in their stead, and over this place a
queen-excluder. Will such a Qolony be apt
to swarm? Missouri.

Answer. — I don't know, but I should ex-
pect swarming in a minority of cases, it
everything is closed except the entrance.
With an opening at each story, allowing
abundant ventilation, there might be no
swarming.

Corn and Sumac Honey— Hoffman

Frame Honey Capacity— Melting

Combs Containing Honey

Keeping Queens— Swarming-
or Black Brood

Poul

1. Does corn yield honey? If eo, is it not
of poor flavor!

2. What liind and of what grade is sumac
honey ?

3. How much honey does an ordinary Hoff-
man frame hold when there are S in an 8-
frame hivel

4. How do you melt combs with honey in?
perhaps you'll say, just lilie any other comb;
if that's the way, where will the honey go?

Nebraska.

Answers.— 1. Sometimes it yields nectar
in the axils of the leaves; but I don't know
about the quality.

2. I don't know. In this part of the coun-
try i i; is in such small quantity that it would
probably be impossible to get a sample of it
pure.

3. I think something like 5 pounds.

4. Not atall "like any other comb," if you
want the honey saved in good condition. You
must melt it very slowly, so the heat will not
spoil the honey. Put it in a crook on the hot-
water reservoir of the cook-stove, where it
will take several days to melt; or put it in
the oven if you are sure it will not get too
hot; or set the crock in a dish of water on the
top of the stove, with a chip or piece of shin-
gle, or something of the kind, under the
crock.

1. We are told that when we have a queen
we do not want to use at present, to put her
into a nucleus until we do want her. How
are we to have these nuclei on hand just
when wanted, and what are we to do with
them after we take the queen away?

2. When rearing queens, when are the cells
put into Titoff cages — as soon as the prepared
cells are put into the hive, or when cells are
sealed up '.

3. How soon are cells sealed after given to
bees?

4. What is your opinion on the Alexander
method of controlling swarming, described in
Gleanings of April 15!

5. How are queens reared in a baby nucleus'
I often see it mentioned in the Bee .Journal,
but never saw any directions on the subject.

6. Does " baby nucleus" mean simply an
ordinary hive with a few frames in, or a small
hive full of frames?

7. Some of my bees that died last winter,
and also some which did not die, had small
patches of dead brood. It was not sunken
into a brown mass as described in foul brood,
but retained its shape. Some of it was black
and some brown, but all was very soft and
seemed decayed. Is it foul or black brood,
and if not, is it ever likely to turn into either?

8. Would l",s-infh sections, with plain sep-
arators, hold a pound of honey! If not, how
much would they hold?

9. Do you think it likely that some disease
would be the cause of 47 colonies dying last
winter and spring in one apiary of about 60
colonies? This was the case with one apiary
in the county. All had plenty of honey.

10. Would it be advisable to call in the in-
spector? Ontario.

Answers. — 1. I know of no way of having
nuclei but to make them; one way being to
fasten one or more frames of brood with ad-
hering bees in a hive for 2 or more days.

2. Cells are not usually caged until nearly
time for the young queens to emerge.

3. They are sealed 5 or 6 days after the larva
hatches from the egg.

4. The plan seems to be good If you can, as
he says, have 3 good, strong colonies in the
place of one, ready to commence work on
your clover harvest.

0. Just about the same as in larger nuclei.

6. Any nucleus with a very small number
of bees is a baby nucleus; but the term is
usually applied to a nucleus in a small hive,
with one or two very small frames.

7. It may be neither. It will not turn into
foul or black brood unless it was foul or black
brood in the beginning.

8. There is no such thing as a given weight
of honey in a section of a given size. The
section you name would sometimes hold a
pound of honey, and sometimes more.

9. Possible, I lui hardly probable.

10. It would do no harm.

Prevention of Increase

1. If one has all the bees he wishes for, and
does not care for any increase, how would it
do, about the time bees are ready to swarm
naturally, to destroy all queen-cells and put
on a super so as to give them more room ? Do
you think the plan would generally be suc-
cessful?

2. Does a second swarm generally leave the
hive the next day, if fair, after the first piping
of the queen the evening before?

New Hampshire.

Answers. — 1. In the majority of cases it
would merely defer the time of swarming.
Something, however, depends upon the char-
acter of the I'KCs. With colonies given to
swarming it would nearly always prove a
failure; with tlm.^e little given to swarming
it would often prove a success.

2. Yes.

Clothing for Bee Work- Bottom-
Boards Frames Full of Honey
-Lemon-Juice in Sugar-Syrup
—Dead Bees— Mice and
Snai^es in the Hives

1. I think it is
done so much t ■
as to wear co'. il
and suffer with u
light wool clotlii
let the air thi-^
Try it, and if yn
this summer, iu>
wool, light ^,'11!,
back to your nM

2. Why do y-
the hives wicli
summer?

3. Some of tL
of honey. Perh
hives. Would i
of this and givt i

a pity that a man who has
Qelp others should be so slow
n clothing in hot weather,
leheat and perspiration when
5 are so much cooler. They
igh and are less clinging.
II don't enjoy yourself better
ivided you get light-weight

in color, I will let you go
white cotton.

put a false bottom-board in

the deep bottom-boards in

hives seem to be almost full
;js it was robbed out of other

be well to take away part
mpty combs instead!

4. All of the colonies except one are gather-
ing pollen every fine day. This one has a
good-looking and lively queen, but no brood.
Will she begin laying?

5. One man says to put lemon-juice in
sugar-syrup and make it as good as honey for
the bees. What do you think of it!

6. There are a great many dead bees about
some of the hives and not nearly so many
about others, and yet it seems to me that the
colonies with the great amount of dead bees
are about as populous as any. How do you
account for this?

7. Some colonies that I thought in pretty
good condition in the fall are dead. Not from
cold or hunger, but there are very many dead
bees in and under the hives with a hole in the
middle of their backs, and all the inside eaten
out of that part of the bee. It looks like too
small work for mice, and, in fact, I had con-
tracted the entrance too narrow to admit a
mouse, and yet I can not find it. What do
you think it is?

8. Last fall and this spring there have been
a great many small snakes around here. I do
not know whether it is to eat bees or because
the hive makes an excellent shelter for them,
or because they are after mice. Do you think
they are friends, or enemies? 1 used to kill
them, but don't any more for I think they eat
many mice. Nebraska.

Answers.—]. There's just one fatal ob-
jection to the woolen clothing; bees sting
worse.

2. Because' the bees in summer would fill
the space with comb.

3. It might be well to do so if you find that
the queen has not room to lay, but you will
find the bees will use up a good deal of honey
in brood-rearing.

4. The likelihood is that a queen with no
brood, when others have plenty, is of no value.

5. It would be better without the lemon-
juice.

6. A very strong colony might have a good
many more dead bees than a weak one merely
because it had more old bees to die from old
age.

7. In spite of appearances to the contrary,
you may be sure that mice are the culprits.

S. I have seen snakes in hives a number of
times, and have always supposed it was
merely to have a comfortable place.

Transferring Bees— Foundation
Splints-Moving Bees

On page 397, in answering "New York"
concerning transferring bees, you thought it
would be better to wait till they swarmed, and
31 days later break up the old colony.

1. What should be done with the bees at
the end of 21 days?

2. Would it be a good thing to move the
box-hive to another part of the yard so as to
deplete the number of bees as much as pos-
sible before breaking up the old colony !

3. Four different times I have tried upset-
ting the hive and then drumming, as is recom-
mended in bee-books; but it did not work
well. We drummed an hour each time, look-
ing at intervals under the box to see if they
were up. About a pint was all we could get.
What was the matter?

4. What are foundation splints that you
use instead of wire? How are they used!

5. Would it be better to move bees 45 miles
by wagon than to have to change cars with
them? .Michigan.

Answers.— 1. One way is to drum out the
bees and unite them with the swarm at the
end of the 21 days, making kindling-wood of
the hive, and wax of the combs. Another is
to transfer ioto a new hive, and keep the 3
colonies separate. Still another way is to do
nothing further, leaving the colony ia the
box-hive to build up and oast a swarm again
the next year.

2. Yes, you are to move the old hive to a
new stand a week or so after swarming.

3. I don't know. Possibly you were too
gentle in smoKing and jarring. It is also
possible that there were so few bees in the
hive that you could not get up a stampede.

4. Little sticks of wood about 1-16-inch
square and '4-ioch shorter than the inside
depth of the frame. They are boiled in wax.

362

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18, 190S

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices.

Root's Smokers anil Extractors, Daftant's Comli Foundation, Binaliani Smolders

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freight paid to your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
each year into every State east of the Rocky Mountains; let us ship to you.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order if You say where you saw this ad. 8S-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. Jl. SCOTT &CO.,E.r.! St

Please mention Bee Journal "when "writine:

. Indianapolis Jnd.

SECTIONS ! I

Have you ever tried our No. 2 Sections? If not, you should. Our ^

No. 2 Sections are equal to the average No. 1 Sections. They are much ^

' less in price and will save you a large amount of money. We manu- ^

; facture only goods of quality. A sample order ordered now will con- »

vince you.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

;^ Power Building,

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. «■

^/'t>'f^(»\(f>ff\(0't^'»^'f^'f^(fy(f>^fy(fVfy(fi(f\(fy(f>(f>(f>(fi'ffVf\(fH<^

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the wbole Apicultural Field more

completely tban any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

^ " Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts to many times
the cost uf Lambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can lie saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming egjjs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 cz.. by express. $1.00.
'J O. K. STOCK FOOI> CO.,

I>. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bldu:., Chlcueo, 111.

We are

Manuiaclurers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large quantit}' of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

t^ease mention See Juumal waen wntuxs.

and with a pair of tweezers lifted out of the
hot wax and imbedded vertically in the foun-
dation by means of the wet edge of a little
board.

5. It's rather a question as to which will
cost less. Changing cars need not be a seri-
ous matter.

Italianizing Bees

14Atf

I want to Italianize 2 colonies of blacks in
double hive-bodies, Danzenbaker size, by giv-
ing capped cells.

1. How would it work to put a queen-ex-
cluder between the 2, with the old queen in
one and the cell in the other?

2. Should the cell be above or below?

3. Could I not put the cell below with one
entrance also below, and get the young queen
fertilized and laying before removing the old
queen? or, would it be better to have an
opening for the upper story?

4. Wouldn't they be likely to swarm if the
old queen could get out?

5. Would the bees destroy the cell if not
placed in a cell-protector?

Of course, if the first question is not practi-
cal, the others need no answer. I got the
idea from an article by Doolittle on queen-
rearing, where he has cells completed in a
hive with a laying queen. My idea is to do
this just before the honey-flow begins, and I
want to keep the old queen at work as long
as possible, you see. New York.

Answer — Please allow me to answer your
questions in a bunch. I have been able to
have a young queen fertilized in one story
while the old queen is laying in another, but
generally she turns up missing about that
time, although there is no trouble in having a
young queen mature in that way. I'm not
sure what becomes of the young queen after
she is a few days old. Tou will not generally
find that the colony will swarm on account of
the presence of the young queen. I think jou
would not come very far from what you desire
in something like this way: Put a cell in
either upper or lower story, with the queen
in the other story, and a separator between.
When the young queen is 3 or 4 days old re-
move the old queen and the separator.

6ees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $1.10

One tested queen 1.50

One select tested queen . . 1.65

One breeding qneen 2.75

One comb nucleas (no
queen) 1.40

Untested ready in May; all
others ready now from last
season's rearing.

Safe arri^ al guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. L- STR^^HTGr.
204 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
l4Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt SerTice, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

ISAUt FREMONT. MICH.

• The KING of I'oiiltry. '^ Large
size, good layers oi' finest eggs.
^fl|kHardy and fearless the best all
I^Rlnurpose fowl. Willow legs and
^''''Bay eyes. Illustrated circular.
i^ 26tbyear. H. H. FLICK,
1^ MANCHESTER. MP.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

May 18. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

363

Reports anb
(Sxpcrtcnccs

Bees in Fine Condition

Bees are in line condition for tiiis time ot
the year, as I never saw them winter any
nicer. Out of 112 colonies I lost only 3. They
are commencing to bring in pollen, and other-
wise enjoying themseWes after their long
winter's nap.

I enjoy reading the American Bee Journal,
and look forward to every Thursday, as 1
know that is the day it will come.

Wabren H. Winch.

Delaware Co., Iowa, April 3.

Cool Weather for Bees

It is too'cool for bees. There was a 50 per-
cent general loss of bees this spring. I lost
about 1.5 percent. White clover is in abun-
dance. H. W. Heckler.

Keokuk Co., Iowa, May 8.

Georgia as a Honey Country

In reply to the request for information con-
cerning the eastern part of Georgia as a bee
and honey country, I will say that bee-keep-
ing is proHtable in the eastern part, and there
are many locations where the business would
be very paying. These localities would be
found mostly in the south-eastern portion.

We get our surplus honey mostly from the
following sources: Gallberry, poplar, gums,
holly, sumac, and golden-rod. With these
plants in a location, bee-keeping is paying.

I would be glad at any time to furnish more
information concerning Georgia as a honey-
producing State. J. J. Wilder.

Dooky Co., Ga., April 24.

Wintered Well and Good Prospect

The bees have, wintered very well, and the
prospect is fairly good for a honey crop.

B. Kennedy.
Winnebago Co., 111., May 1.

A Beginner Heard From

I am a beginner in bee-keeping, having pur-
chased the Hrst colony last June. They were
Italians, and showed that they were expert
swarmers. They swarmed 5 times, 2 swarms

BEES

ET^D Owner
tkV, -- Leaving
SALE Texas

Has listed us with 450 colonies of bees in 10-
frame dovetailed hives, fully equipped, high-
grade bees, already located. Will sell all or
part. Inquire quick.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.

fH. H. HVDE, Sue
20Eit SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

XX^A^T^pr^ Position to work in apiary,
•^" '*^^ ■ l-*L' by youo^ man; single, with
not much experience. Will buy interest in
apiarv, or work for wages. Address, with full
particulars, J. C. WHITMORE,

20Atf 222 S. Lincoln St., Muncie, Ind.

Nuclei For Sale

Good, heavy, strong, three-fratn; Nuclei with
Queens, on h. frames— after May 20, J2.00 each,
f.o.b. railroad. Safe arrival guaranteed. No
foul brood in our country. M. O. office. Cedar
View, Miss. W. T. LEWIS.

20A2t Lewisl'Uhgh, Miss.

FOR SALE

50 colonies of Italian and Carniolan BEES
for sale, all in 15i-6tory 8 frame hives, nearly
new, and all in good condition. One to 5 colo-
nies, $5 each. For larger lots write for pr.ce,
with btamp enclosed.

WM. J. HEALY.

18A4t Mineral Point, Iowa Co., Wis.

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods aiRooVs rnces

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

L,ow Freight Rates. .-. .•. ,'. Catalog Free.

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every
shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw
the offer. JtLil^

WALTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, FND.

.^A'. .^Air. .«#«- «A«. >A«. .kAir. .kAV. M$«. .«Av, .«*«. .*A#. .«Afr, -«A«. .«Air. .«Ai(. .liAii. .«A«. .«Aii. .llA(r. .kAir. .kAv. .^A;'. .*#■- .*%!>- .«
tf.* 'if.* '.W* 'f' '^'* '-W* "-w^ M^ '-W* 'W* '!f!^ >l^ '!f>'^ ^fi^ '!#■* 'f.* ^9* *9" '^* 'f^ '9? ^f!^ ^9" '9*^

'teiise aiQSxxlO'A Uee^oaroa. wnoii «tiia«jv»

Get) Good Queens and Mh

It costs uou no more

a;a; We iurnish them on short notice

Breeders, S3.

Untested, 7.5 cents eacli ; .?4 for 6 ; or $7. .50 per dozen. Tested, $1.25 eacli.

Nuclei— 1 frame with queen, SI. 50; 2-trame, S2; 3-frame, $2.50.

Absolute satisfaction or no deal. We breed 6 pure races. Price-list deficribing them free.

We are agents for the IMMiuer Comb Foundation for this State, and all that are
nearer us than them, at Dittmer's prices. If you wish your Wax worl^ed up into Founda-
tion for cash, we will receive same and furnish you the Foundation from our stocls, which
will save you much time and freight.

THE BEE AND HONEY COMPANY, Beeyille, Bee Co, Texas.

Please mention Hee journal wnen writing

1

I mportant to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any better proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of goods you want.
They are tliK KOOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estiiuate and discounts. We can save you money. Send to-day for 1905 catalog.

JOSEPH NYSEWANDER 'sTs^^w^'thst. Des Moines, Iowa

Please mention Bee journal ■when writing

S Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-Llst.

ourI3:I"VES and SEOTIOn^TS
ArePerfect In Workmanship and Material.

By 5'^iiding in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. "s.a

Please Jl^ation the Americaii Bee Journal feSS^

364

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18 1905

B66:SUDDil6S!

Discount tor Early Orders

Wecarry a lar^e stock and
greatest variety of everythiog
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massle Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., I,incoln,NeD.; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

Diumer's Founoaiion is M Besi

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Diltmer^s Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

6flR-L0flD§

of Lewis' B-Ware come to our city for distri-
bution. We carry a large stock which enables
UB to make immediate deliveries. We invite
your inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Davenport), lowa.

VIRGINIA QDEEUS lfi'lPolt:Zirel'A

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, "So; aUer June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, 7Sc; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHA5. KOEPPEN.
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

BEES in shipping-boxes
on L.. or Danz. frames
ready to sbio now. State
kind, price, safe arrival guaranteed. Address,
J. B. MASON.
l7Atf Mechanic Falls, Maine.

»'e5*«ie mention Bee JourD'.al wtien ■wnting

Wanted

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making' for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Aslt for Catalog.
THE HARSHFIELD riANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

riwase mention Bee joumaj wtien wntiiit;.

G. B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

Wecarry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. Il's
free. 1 oundauon Cutter free with each cider, if you state where you saw this ad.

t3A.tf

NOKRIS & ANSPACH, Kentou, Ohio.

absconded, and the mice killed one colony the
past winter. I now have 3 good, strong col-
onies.

I got 75 pounds ot comb honey last season.
I can sell all I can produce at 1.5 cents per sec-
tion, at home. Alfalfa is the source of most
of our honey. There is a 60-acre field of it
within 20 rods of my small apiary.

One seeding of alfalfa here will last from
5 to 10 years, and yield from 3 to 4 crops per
year.

We usually have mild winters, but the past
one was a little severe. Almost all of the bee-
keepers around here report that their bees
wintered very well with little or no loss.

I think it will pay any one who keeps bees,
no matter how few, to take the " Old Relia-
ble " right straight along.

RoBT. A. Jbffbet.

Harlan Co., Nebr., April 24.

Loss in WinteFing

Bees are mostly wintered on their summer
stands in this locality. There has been con-
siderable loss in some yards the past winter.
We have our bees in double-walled hives cov-
ered with flax-straw. We have lost 11 out of
74 colonies, mostly the weaker ones. There
is a good prospect for white clover around
here. M. Zahner.

Johnson Co., Kans, April 17.

Bees Wintered Well

Bees have wintered well in this locality.
They seem to be healthy and strong. Section
honey is dull at 12}.2' cents per pound. Bee-
keeping is growing rapidly in this locality.

Davis Co., lowa, May 3. W. M. Rat.

Good Prospects for Bees

Fruit-bloom is good. Bees are getting along
fine. Clover is in fine shape.

J. W. Johnson.
Stephenson Co., 111., May 4.

Bees Wintered Well

I have 11 colonies this spring, having win-
tered all that I put into winter quarters last
fall; but a year ago I lost 16 out of 21 colo-
nies. The few that were left did well last

OoldenQueensanflBees

Ready June I. Hustlers for honey; very gen-
tle, non-swarming'. Price-list now ready — also
an 8-page leaflet on queen- rearing, inclnding my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

HOW to K66D Bees

Many Photo-

erapblc

Illustrations

Net, $i.oo
/ Postages
\io cents/

f\nna

Botsford

Gomstock

This is a very helpful vol-
ume for the beginner. Out-
fit, first steps, and methods,
are clearly described, and the
author treats her subject
with rare charm.

THE GARDEN
,^\AGAZINE

, COVflTRY LIFE ,
' \K Af\ERICA

THE WORLDS
WORK»

DOVBLEDAY PAGE ' CO yNEW YORK

May 18, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

365

Hi

a

DADANT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

-•A'- .titir. .*'A>r, .■i%'i.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

.X .X BEE-SUPPLIES ^ -^

OF ALL KINDS.

^IrV^anr^TT

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

Place Your Orders Now.

ITALIAN QIEENS

EITHEE GOLDEiy OR HONEY QUEENS

Onr Goldens will come up to any other Golden
Strain. Onr Honey Queens are what some term
"Red Clover Qaeens." We always call them
Honey Queens.

Before July 1. 1 6 12

Untested Jl.OO $5.00 $9.00

Warranted Tested 1.25 7.00 13 00

Tested l.£0

Select Tested 2.C0

Breeders from $5 up. 1 6 12

2-frame Nucleus (no Queen). 2-50 14.00 25.00

When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
price of any Queeu wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Naclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation. We
book orders for next season. Safe arrival guar-
anteed of all stock. We ask a trial order.

D. J. BLOCHER pearl^city.

ftlL. Do not send personal checks unless you
add 10 cents for collection. 16Etf

BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

"We are nuw able to quote lower prices than ever
before. Uiuhest quality guaranteed. We handle ihe
G. B. Lewis Go's uooda. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed tiives. Send for my Ks-page Catalo«, and
leatlet for betiinners. They uro free.

44Btf W. J. McCakty. EmiiietaburE, Iowa.

QUEENS"

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease for
— Untested Queens, early in May. 75 cts.: 2*
frame Nncleus, with Qneen, $Z25. Eight years'
experience.

Chesley Presswood,

Mcdonald, Bradley Co., TEXN.
14A4t-lS E2t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

summer. Three of them stored over 100
pounds of section-honey, one stored 12.5
pounds, and the other 2 over .50 pounds each.
I live in the tiruber, with lots of basswood,
white clover and other wild flowers, plenty
of fruit and pickle blossoms in their season,
and but few beBs. E. E. Kennicott.

Cook Co., 111., April 20.

Bees Swarming

Bees are swarcning now, and have increased
a little. Prospects for the season are good.
May the Honey-Producers' League prosper.
Inyo Co., Calif., April 27.

Wm. Muth-Rasmussbn.

Bee-Locations in Virginia and
Maryland

In answer to Mr. John H. Oren, page 284, I
would like to say: I should not consider
either Virginia or .Maryland specially good
States for bee-keeping. Tou say you hope
" to do better where the summers are longer
and the winters less severe," I should strongly
advise your going further south than the
above-mentioncJ States. I append some sta-
tistics of winti r weather here for the years
mentioned :

188M— Jan :rl1. 4 degrees; Feb. 8, 2; Feb. 9,
11 ; Feb. 10, r ; IVb. U. 0; Feb. 12, 1 ; Feb. 13,
1; Feb. 14, 11 ; Veh. 16, 12; Mar. 7, 15

1901— Jan., i; degrees; Feb., 14; March, 7;

December, 1.

190-'— Jan., 1
Dec, 13.

1903— Jan., ^
Nov., 10; Dec

1904— Jan., '■
Dec, 9.

liH)5— Jan., :■

ilegrees; Feb., 8; March, 15;
legrees; Feb., 1; March, 23;
Jfgrees; Feb., 5; March, 18;
legrees; Feb., 1; March, 24.

The minioiiii.. temperature for each month
is given for thi ast 5 years.

Try Texas III your "longer summers and
winters less .-L.jre," and you will also get
many more ! mey-producing flowers and

VS^hl^ BROWN LEGHORNS

Noted Winter-Laying Strain. Cockerel Ma-
tinif, headed by Rochester Prize-Winner; Eggs,
$2.00 per 13. Pullet Mating, headed by pullet
line; pedigreed; Exmoor males. $2 50 per 1£.
Flock on range, headed oy 2d Wis. State Fair
winner, and others of equal quality, $1.00 per
15. Hens in all pens result of 15 years' scientific
breeding.

Single Comb Buff Orpingtons. The grand
new breed. No better quality in existence. $2 00
per 15 eggs.

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. Hens up to 23
pounds each. Not inbred. Eggs $2.50 per 19;
25 for $5 110.

MRS. MILLIE tlONflKER, Viroqua, Wis.

15-17-l>SA3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

U THE ELGIN HIVE {^

y That's the hive which can be knocked \

M down and put up by any one in a few n

> minutes. No nails or dovetails needed. \
M Iron attachment holds the same to- fj
y gether perfectly air tight, and keeps it \
M from warping. Send for Circular. Ad- ►)

> dress, Q. H. KIEN2LE. <
M E. end Kimball St. Bridge, Elgin, III. W

19A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Aif KNOXVILLE, TENN.

tyj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press t han
do without it.*' — A.-G.
Rease mention Bee Journal when -writinft

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

366

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18. 1905

York Honey ATpply Co.

(Not incorpcrated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

141 & 143 HEADQUARTERS FOR

Ontario Street,

"'"{ll.'''' LEWIS' GOODS IN OHICAGO.

5 short city blocks north

of the C. &N.W.R.R.

passenger station.

H. M. Abnd, Manager.

Best and most direct Shipping Point
in the World.

We have on hand a large stock of

Lewis' Popular Bee-Snpplies

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Shipping=Cases—
everything used by the practical, up-to-date bee-
keeper.

Catalog and prices on Honey on application.
If you want (xood «oods al Factory Prices and
Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking
Bee-Supplies in exchange— delivered here.

For Qyeens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclalr. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1; Untested, "oc; 5 for ¥3.25; 10 for
?6; 15 for ««.25; 25 for S12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6At£

^lease mention Bee jonmai wbeo vmvmf

Om-Tlm SGGiions

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBIft MP6. GO. ^"y^lt'

crease mrtnUOD Bee Journal -wnen wntiiifc.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Hooey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pottnd of honey net, one gross in case complete
In S-grosslots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4,50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If jou want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 4. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, H. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

MountUniojCoiiege

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 184£. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class reputation. 25
instructors. Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COUjEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

Please mention Bee Joumaj when wntinf-

SJB3.C TS o^ g tnojj3STr[pnv a ■

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.

Try Taylor's 3 banded leather-colored and S-
banded Golden Queens— the best honeygather-
erers in America. Untested, 75c each, or J8 per
dozen; tested, $1, or $10 per dozen; select tested,
$1.50 each; breeders, the best, $3 each. I have
been breeding queens for 17 yearp, and I know
what a good queen is. No small queens sent
out I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. W.TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

l6Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Piil'd 1978, '83, 'U3 & 11)08 H

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in tbe last 3 year.'. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what be said of it. Those lemarks in-
duced me to get mine. Frbd Fodner.

Iplease mention Bee Joomai wti«n WTitlnft

plants than you will in the States mentioned
above.

Our main honey-flow is from white clover,
which comes in about the middle of June and
lasts till about the middle of August. There
is a considerable fall flow in some years from
a great variety of wild flowers, but this flow
is very uncertain. I am sure there would be
no difficulty in purchasing a small farm that
would be suitable for an apiary, and do not
suppose there would be any difficulty in a
Northerner establishing an apiary, or apiaries,
on other people's farms. I would be glad to
answer other questions if in my power, or go
into more minute particulars if desired.

Don't come either to Virginia or Maryland
under the delusion that you are coming to
"The Sunny South." You must go lower
down on the map for that. There has been
no winter in the past 15 years that I have not
had plenty of use for my heaviest and longest
fur-lined overcoat.

While I believe I am right in saying there
are very few, if any, large apiaries here, there
are numerous small ones, (mainly of the com-
mon blaclc bees) scattered about. But I do
not consider this State to be anything like
half stocked with bees.

" A Bee-Keeper in Virginia."

Augusta Co., Va.

Pro'peets for a Good Season

We are looking forward to a large honey
crop, as white clover will be a fine crop.

We are readers of the American Bee .Jour-
nal, and derive much valuable information
from its pages. J. F. W. Weber & Sons.

Marion Co., 111., April 25.

Illinolt.— The spring meeting of the bee-keep-
ers of the west part or Freeport District of
northern Illinois will be held at the residence
of the President, N. A. Kluck, May 22, 3 miles
southwest of McConnell, 111. All bee-keepers
are requested to attend Persons coming by
train will be met at McConnell by teams from
8:30 to 9 o'clock a.m. J. W. Johnson'. Sec.

Poland Chinas Favorites

This breed of swine is a f.aTorile breed with
nuiny raisers, because they sland close cou-
Hneraenl better ihau some others. B'omh-d
,si„ck—tba.t excellent authority oncattle raising
and breeding— gives every breed of swine, sheep
and cattle a hearing. lu this May issue of

Blooded Stock

Poland Chinas will be almost the sole subject
considered. How to feed, raise, market, what
buildings to provide; how to tight sickness and
contagion— all will be ihoruugUly discussed by
several prominent authurlnes. among them 1).
P. McCracken and J. A. Meissner. June
Blooded Slock will be devoted exclusively to .a
flrst hand consideration ot the protits and
successes of sheep-raising. Subscribe! Oet
now the value ot every number. 26c a year.
You can alTurd it. Donl miss one.

BLOUDED STOCK, Box 3^1, Oxford, P».

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so, we can fill your order with the best
Oueens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3^band Italians; they will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$8 per doz. Tested Queens, * 1 each. Send for
circular. d. W. K. SHAW & CO. ^

13Atf LoRKAUViLLE, Ibena Par., La.

May 18. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

367

B66SUPPii6§

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest^ Prices

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The American Bee-Reeper

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N.Y.

I

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When con&igaingy baying' or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

SEND POR OUR CATALOG OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one piece Sections, Comb Fouudaliod,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Bees and Qupens for sale
in season. A. W. SH'AJf * CO., Centralia, Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let ns quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

i
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STANDARD

Poultry AND

He-pt SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

griggsTbros,

521 Monroe Street,
TOIjBDO, - OHIO

Headquarters for Bee^Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOB 1905 lOW ON BAUD.
FBEIGHT BATES FBOH CINCnnilTI IBE TBE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

lt^~ For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER '='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- V^ccsrvax^

Chicago^ May s.— With April about all the
trade in comb honev ceases so far as this mar-
ket is cuncerned; occasionally a case sells, bat
no lots» SO that prices now are practically with-
out change, pending: the new crop. Extracted
is exceedingly slow of sale; white rang-es from
5W'«7c, and amber SJ^@6c, according to flavor,
quality and package. Beeswax in active de-
mand at 30c. R. A. BuRNKTT & Co.

Cincinnati, May s.— The demand for honey

has increased quite a bit since our last qdota-
tion, which is due, probably, to the concessions
made in prices to affect sales, as well as the
awakening of the spring trade. We quote am-
ber extracted honey in barrels at 4>^@6?^c, ac-
cording to quality. White clover and fancy
extracted honey at 6(Si7!^c. Comb honey has
seen its season.' Beeswax 29c cash.

Thr Prbd W.Muth Co.

New York, April lO.— There is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey sellint? and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only. Beeswax firm at 30c.

UlLDRBTH A SbGBLKBN.

Philadelphia, May 8. — The season is about
over for the sale ot comb honey. There are so
few sales that the market is not established
enough to quote price- Extracted honey has
met with some demand, and prices are as fol-
lows: White, 6(fl'7c; amber, 5Ji@6c. Beeswax,
28 cents.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Boston, May '. — There is no change to note
in the condition of the honey market from our
quotations of Apr^i ^4.

Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, .March 31.— The honey situa-
tion does not impruve. While there is a little
better movemen ttie prices seem to be lower.
Fancy white brir.u'^ f2 a case; No. 1, $1.75; am-
ber and lower gruaes from 51.25 to »1.50. Ex-
tracted, 4J6@6c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons a Co.

Cincinnati, O.,
comb honey yet
mand causes lowe
white at I2c; otbe:
Extracted is in ^
of the year. We
ber in barrels at 5'
Beeswax, 28c.

May 8.— The large slock of
! Ldred. with hardly any de
i rices. I quote fancy water-
. rades lower, in proportion.
; ual demand for this season
j .ote white clover 7(5*8c; am-
* :oJ4c; in cans, 5>i@6 cents.
C. H. W. Weber.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@l4c; No. 1, 12@13c;
mixed, 10@llc; buckwheat, 10@Llc. Ebctracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6!^c; white,
b@6}4c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, May 3.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber,8'iai0c. Extractcd-
white, 5M@6 cents; light amber, 4@5c; am-
ber, 3@3%c; dark amber, 2M@3c. Beeswax-
Ifood to choice, light, 29@30c; dark. 27@28c.

The steamer City of Peking-, sailing Saturday
last, took 85 cases for Belg'ium. Movement on
local account is lig-ht. Buyers are holding off,
anticipating arrivals of new crop at an early
day.

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the'
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal— Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, II, I,

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

368

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 18, 1905

Bees work best in Lewis' Hives

To avoid labor troubles anions your bees
Buy Lewis' Goods ....

Annual Output J3C J3C
Twenty MiUionSections
One-'hundred Thousand
Hives X X. ^ Tx,

ESTABLISHED

30

YEARS

Below is an illustration of our I'j-story Dovetailed Hive, with the No. 2 super arranged for the 4'4x4'4Xl>2 plain
sections. A full description of this style together with many others will be found in our 88page Catalog, free on
application.

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I

WHERE ARE YOU?

As is customary with all large concerns we have agencies or jobbers in different parts of the United States, where
our goods are carried in stock. If you are located near any of those named below it will save you time and freight charges
to send your order to them. Where the distance is not so great from Watertown to the agency, these jobbers sell the
good.s at our regular list prices.

The following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Herts.
CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.
CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert, Acton.

California Lumber & Milling Co., San Francisco.
COLORADO— R. C. Aikin, Loveland,

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers' Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Association, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand Junction.

Robert Halley, Montrose.
ILLINOIS— Dadant cV; Sons, Hamilton.

York Honey it Bee-Suppiy Co., 141-14.3 Ontario St., Chicago, 111.
INDIANA— C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Liuis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.
MICHIGAN— A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.
MINNESOTA — Wisconsin Lumber Company, Faribault.
MISSOLKI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.
OHIO— Fred W. Muth Company, Cincinnati.

Norris i\; Anspaoh, Kenton.
PENNSTLVANIA— Cleaver ct Greene, Troy.
TEXAS— Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio.
UTAH— Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.
WASHINGTON— Cbas. H. Lilly Co., Seattle.

G. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

a\uenca;^

..-^

^ce 3ournal

WEEKLY-SI. OO A YEAR

Published by GEOFGE W, YORK & CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 25. 1905

•4'#-i)»(i«(i)-A-#4)"#&'

No. 21

THE BIGELOW EDUCATIONAL HIVE AND MANNER OF SETTING BEFORE A WINDOW,
WITH SASH RAISED AND ENTRANCE CUT IN TEMPORARY BAR

H

370

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25, 190S

i JUST LOOK I

^B Carefully at the illustration below. Did you ever see a more perfect lot of sections? Notice the fastenings. Aren't they fine? Take a i

gnt microscope if yon wish and you can find few flaws. Yes, they are the product of the Danzenbaker hive. We have long been TELLING j

^S| what this hive could do: now we SHOW you. The Danzenbaker hive excels in the following main points: 1. Yield of honey. 2. Percent- i

gW age of fancy sections. 3. Wintering. " Facts About Bees " gives the REASONS WHY. A new edition just off the press. Send a 2 cent 1

^^ stamp for a copy. |

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THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Medina, Ohio

144 Erie Street, CHICAGO lo Vine Street, PHILADELPHIA 44 Vesey Street, NEW YORK

«@«^€eee@«®®:@®®«®®®®®«e®<$^< &.&&&^4i'^

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Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
PublisUed ^Veekly at Sl.OO a. Tear by Oeorge W. ¥ork Sc Co., 334 Uearborn St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 25, t905

VoL XLV— No, 21

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ilh

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE StTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal \a
Sl.i'o a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the I*oatai Union, M
cents a year extra Xor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispaiu.
For instance. *"dec"5" on your label shows that it la
paid to the end of Dtcember, I9u4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECBIPTS.-We do not send a

receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
chanpe the date on your wrapper-label, which showa
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist.— To promote the interests of Its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
boney. _

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. Fkance, Plattevllle, MTIb.

IST" 1 f more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
:>ablisbers ot the American Bee JouraaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPOUATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. 'J'o publish facta about hODey.and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUBS

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual lee of $I.O(t for each
211 1 or fraction of jo) colonies of bees (spring countt
be owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10. increased by one-
fifth of one (1 1 percent of his or its capital used In
the allied Interests of bee-keeping.

George W. York. Manager,

a34 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscnt'er whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at lea;.t to llie end of
I905, we will give an untested Itiiiian iiueen for
sending us* >NK NEW subscription Willi ^l.nn for tlio
Bee Journal a year. Now is a good time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies ot the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Some Facts About Honey

Under this head occurs the following clip-
ping from the Liverpool Post and Mercury in
the British Bee Journal :

Honey is the only sweet that may be eaten
in any quantities and for a long time without
interfering with the action of any of the vital
organs. Its food value is twice that of pork,
pound for pound, and it has been noticed that
persistent honey-eaters are not nearly so liable
to diseases of the respiratory organs as those
who do not use it at all. It is calculated that
the entire honey product of 60 bees during
their entire working life will not amount to
more than one pound of honey, an amount
that a man with a good appetite would eat in
a day without thinking much about it.

No bee-keeper is likely to dispute the
"fact" that the entire honey product of 60
bees during their entire working life will not
amount to ntort' than one pound of honey.
Butjn reading the statement given, the ordi-
nary reader will be likely to understand as a
" fact " that the life product of 60 bees will
amount to as much as a pound of honey. Let
us try a little figuring on that. Take a col-
ony that has produced 100 pounds of honey.
If each pound required the work of only 60
bees, there would be needed only the work of
6000 bees for the 100 pounds.

Again, figure from the standpoint of the
number ot bees in a colony. It would be
hardly more liian a moderate estimate to say
that during a season 60,000 bees of a colony
put in their lives at storing honey during the
course of a season. If every 60 of them
brought in a pound of honey, that would lead
us to expect from each colony in a fair season
not less than IdOO pounds of honey.

It is a nice tiling to have the general press
give facts about honey; but if the Post and
Mercury would lie a little more careful liow it
gives the factt contained in the last sentence,
the public wo lid be likely to put more faith
in its other facts.

Side Springy:

Recognizing
in a brood-chai.i
automatically, :
suggested. So:

for Brood-Chambers

le need of constant pressure
ler containing frames spaced
lie use of springs has been
; hives are used with dum-

mies; some have none. With no dummy, and
with the bees strenuously endeavoring to
crowd glue between the frames, there is dan-
ger that there will be not only fixed distances,
but fixed frames as well. The case is better
with dummies only in so far as there is more
room to fill up. Given time enough, and glue
enough, and the dummy is likely to become
fixed. As a help against this it is recom-
mended, when closing up a hive, always to
crowd the frames together hard, so as to
squeeze out the glue between the frames. If
this be faithfully done, and if the points of
contact between the frames be small, there
will be a minimum of trouble. But no hur-
ried crowding together will do. The frames
must be crowded together with force, and
held in that way some little time, to allow the
glue to be squeezed out. That time would be
saved with springs.

The springs would also continue at work
after the closing of the hive. The constancy
of the pressure would also be a stand-off
against the hundreds of little tongues con-
stantly trying to crowd in glue between the
frames; and this constant effort ot little
tongues, especially in a gluey region with
such frames as the Hoffman, is no little mat-
ter.

With some frames and in some localities,
springs in brood-chambers might not be worth
while; in other cases they might be well

worth while.

♦

" Be a Booster"— for the League

In Gleanings in Bee Culture for May 15 we
find the following paragraph written by J. A.
Green, one ot the department editors :

BE A BOOSTER.

Join The Honey-Producers' League, and
lend your money and your influence to the
first organized effort to improve the condition
of the honey market by the use of modern
business methods. Tour help is needed. Lay
aside your selfishness, and do not be afraid to
help yourself because in so doing you may
help others.

Just read that over again, please. The
League is, as Mr, Green says, " the first or-
ganized effort to improve the conditions ot
the honey market by the use of modern busi-
ness methods.' Then why not become a

372

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25, 1905

member, and help to get the League to work
on its special and inaportant mission?

It may be you have some objections to
something or somebody connected with the
League. Well, it is quite possible that every-
thing and everybody in connection with it are
not perfect, but we can assure our readers
that it is a sincere, honest effort to try to get
all who are interested in honey — either its
production or sale — to co-operate, and en-
deavor to create such a demand for honey as
shall promptly take every pound produced,
and at a lair and just price. Surely, its ob-
jects are praiseworthy, its need is pressing,
and its membership list should soon be
crowded.

It is an opportunity offered to bee-keepers
to help themselves. The question is, Will
they do it?

We believe they will.

More Bees — More Money

A Wisconsin subscriber, in a private letter,
referring to advertising honey, says this :

" I consider honey a luxury which a great
many people can not afford. The cry with
you writers is, Keep more bees — produce more
honey ! How can we expect the price to keep
up?"

If the writer of the foregoing will refer to
the back numbers of the American Bee Jour-
nal we do not think he will find that we have
advised keeping more bees, although, wherever
a bee-keeper thinks he can make it pay^ he
will certainly " keep more bees," and thus
" produce more honey," whether advised so
to do or not.

Our advice to bee-keepers has been, for
years, to organize and advertise, so as to get
a better price — a more just price — lor the
honey already produced. After that is ac-
complished, we believe it will be time enough
then to arrange to " keep more bees and pro-
duce more honey." We may be wrongabout
this, but that is the way it looks to us.

True, honey is now considered a luxury.
But why should it be so considered? Surely,
the price is low enough now so that any
family could afford to buy it if they only
knew about it. With meat regularly at IS to
20 cents a pound, and butter about 30 cents,
it seems to us that honey can be afforded
pretty often at 1.5 to IS cents, especially when
its high value as a food is considered.

We verily believe that if honey were
brought to the attention of the consuming
public as are many of the breakfast foods, the
demand for honey would be greatly increased.
We know of no better way to do this than to
advertise. Do you?

Baby Nuclei with Common Hives

It is perhaps too early yet to say whether,
all things considered, it is a very great step in
advance to be able to have virgin queens
fecundated with a very small number of bees;
and so lar it is the specialist in queen-rearing
rather than the every-day bee-keeper who has
made any trial of the plan. One reason for
this is the fact that as yet few honey-pro-
ducers take any special steps toward queen-
rearing; leaving the matter entirely to the
whim of the bees. Another reason is that it
is some trouble to make ready the little hives
needed. If ordinary hives were used, it is
likely that more bee-keepers would have tried

the baby nuclei. Of course it would be ex-
pensive for those who rear queens on a large
scale to use full-sized hives; but the honey-
producer is likely to have always on band ex-
tra hives, and these he can use without extra
expense.

Dr. Miller had a number of queens lecun-
dated in common hives, using for each nucleus
only enough bees to cover well a pound sec-
tion of honey, and the process seems very
simple. He says:

" I took an empty hive, closed the entrance
entirely, put in the hive a section filled, or
partly filled, with honey, putting the section
in a shallow wide frame, or even on the floor
in one corner of the hive ; then 1 took from
any hive convenient a frame of brood with
adhering bees — of course being careful not to
take the queen with the bees— shook into the
nucleus hive the bees from the brood-comb,
and immediately dropped into the hive, on the
floor, a virgin queen just emerged or only a
few hours old, and as quickly as possible
closed the hive. Three days later I opened
the entrance large enough for a single bee,
and in most cases I found the queen laying
when 10 days old. It is possible older virgins
would do. In some cases I used queen-cells
well matured."

It will be noted that queenless bees were
not necessary, and that the queen was drop-

ped right among the bees with no precaution
whatever as to introduction. Mr. Sladen, in
the British Bee Journal, says it is a very
valuable point " that a virgin queen, even
several days old, is readily accepted 4 to 6
hours after the nucleus has been formed, pro-
vided that there is no brood in its combs."
Dr. Miller did not wait even " 4 to 6 hours,"
but it is not certain that he would have suc-
ceeded with virgins "several days old."

American the Best Linden for Honey

The bee-keeper who knows the great value
of the linden, or basswood, and knows that
more than one variety of linden exists, is
likely to be interested to know whether some
other than the common variety may not be
better. Prof. Frank Benton has had excep-
tional opportunity for comparative observa-
tion. Lindens have been extensively planted
in Washington, in the parks and for miles on
both sides of many of the streets and avenues,
and he says in Government Bulletin No. 59,
" Several species of lindens are included in
these plantings, but none yields more than our
common American linden, or basswood (Tilia
americana)."

r

V

Irttsccllancous Hctps 3tcm5

=^

=/

Foul Brood in Te.xas is to be wiped
out. Mr. H. H. Hyde, of Bexar County, in-
forms us that the State Legislature has ap-
priated $1600 to begin eradicating foul brood.
We hope that the good work may be kept up
until that dread bee-disease may be wholly
cleaned up in all the land.

Mr. J. T. Calvert, of The A. I. Root Co.,
and also Mr. Frank Spellman, both of Medina,
Ohio, were callers at this office last week
when in Chicago on a business trip. Mr. Cal-
vert reports a rushing business in bee-keepers'
supplies, and looks for a large crop of honey
throughout the country this year. If his pre-
diction proves true, bee-keepers will need to
do a lot of advertising in order to dispose of
the honey produced at a fair price.

Lecture to Cincinnati Bee-Keepers.

— The Executive Committee of the Hamilton
County Bee-Keepers' Association announce
that they have secured the services of Mr. W.
Z. Hutchinson, of Michigan, to deliver a lec-
ture to bee-keepers and friends of the honey
industry in Cincinnati and vicinity, in the
Convention Room, Grand Hotel, 4th Street,
Monday evening, May 39, at 7:30 p.m. The
subject chosen is, " The Comforts and Con-
veniences of the Apiary " In their relation to
modern bee-keeping and honey-production.
A great treat is in store for bee-keepers and
others, as seldom such an opportunity is pre-
sented as this to hear one of the recognized
authorities of the United States on this grow-
ing and important industry.

Mr. Walter W. Somerfield, of Cuba, has
promised to be present also and talk on bee-
keeping as practiced in the "Pearl of the
Antilles." Production of his apiary in 1904
amounted to 140,000 pounds of honey.

Ladies, heads of families, grocers, school
teachers and pupils of the public schools have
been invited to be present and enjoy the in-
teresting and instructive lectures. Admis-
sion will be free.

Jonathan Stewart, an old resident of
Stephenson Co., 111., and also well known for
years in bee-keeping circles in that region,
died at his home, Saturday, April 29, after
nearly four years of suffering from paralysis.
He was 78 years old, having lived in Stephen-
son County for about a half century. He was
a regular attendant at the sessions of the local
bee-keepers' association, of which he was also
an officer. He was a member of the Presby-
terian church, and a faithful and upright
man.

A Big Hive and Handy Honey.—

The Graphic- Herald, of Webster City, Iowa,
gives the following account of a colony of
bees in a bouse:

A HOME APIART.

Mr. Thos. McDermott has an unique apiary
at his home in the south part of the city. For
two or three years past a swarm of bees has
been housed in between the ceiling and floor,
finding an entrance through crevices in the
brick wall. Several swarms have come and
gone in there each year until there is an awful
mess of bees. Mr. McDermott tried to have
them removed at one time, but without suc-
cess, and the floor was taken up and several
wash-tubs and boilers full of honey removed.
Afterwards the floors were removed each year
and the surplus honey taken out. Now he
has arranged a set of frames that fit in be-
tween the joists, and when new honey is
wanted it is a simple matter to remove the
carpet, take up the floor and take out any
quantity of honey needed n ineat frames, set-
ting back the empties, to be refilled. A per-
fect " apiary " in every shape, and the bees
are quiet and gentle, and seem to like their
home. Several hundred pounds of fine honey
was the yield last year.

May 25, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

373

^ (£ontrtbutcb f
Special drttclcs

=\

J

The Bigelow Educational Bee-Hive

BY BDWARD F. BIGBLOW

INSECT STUDY— Bbes in Particular.— It is in the
world of insects, vast and varied, its members innumer-
able, beautiful, and almost miraculous in transforma-
tion, that the naturalist revels. The entomologist proclaims
the attractions of his favorite pursuit as does no other nat-
uralist, and no other disputes his claim. The most exuber-
ant language fails to do full justice to the subject. Kirby
and Spence, years ago, wrote as follows :

" Were a naturalist to announce to the world the diBcovery of an
animal which, for the first five years of its life, existed in the form of
a serpent; which, then, penetrating. into the earth and weaving a
shroud of purest silk of the finest texture, contracted itself within this
covering into a body without external mouth or limbs, and resembling
more than anything else an Egyptian mummy; and which, lastly,
after remaining in this state without food and without motion for
three years longer, should, at the end of that period, burst its silken
garment, struggle through its earthly covering, and start into a day
a winged bird — what, think you, would be the sensation excited by
this strange piece of intelligence? After the first doubts of its truth
were dispelled, what astonishment would succeed?

" But 3'ou ask, " To what do all these improbable suppositions
tend? Simply to arouse your attention to the metanwrpfiose.t or trans-
furmalions of the insect world, almost as strange and surprising, to
which I am now about to direct your view — miracles, which, though
scarcely surpassed in singularity by all that poets have feigned, and,
though actually wrought every day beneath our eyes, are unheeded
alike by the ignorant and the learned because of their commonness
and the minuteness of the transforming objects."

All this, bear in mind, is in praise of what is already
knowtij Of the charm of discovering these facts, the ento-
mologist James Rennie wrote :

It can never be too strongly impressed upon a mind anxious for
the acquisition of knowledge, that the commonest things by which we
are surrounded are deserving of minute and careful attention.

If it be granted that making discoveries is one of the most satis-
factory of human pleasures, then we may affirm without hesitation
that the study of insects is one of the most delightful branches of
natural history, for it affords peculiar facilities for its pursuit.

" If you speak of a stone," says St. Basil, one of the Fathers of
the church, "if you speak of a fly, a gnat, or a bee, your conversation
will be a sort of demonstration of the power of Him whose hand
formed them, for the wisdom of the workman is commonly perceived
in that which is of little size. He who stretched out the heavens and
dug up the bottom of the sea is also He who has pierced a passage
through the sting of a bee for the ejection of its poison."

This very large order of animal life which. Prof. Iv. O.
Howard states, " comprises nearly 30,000 described species ;

but the enormous number of undescribed species would

probably swell this number to more than 300,000."

Of this vast number of insects, the one pre-eminent in
human interest is probably the honey-bee. Says Morely,
"Both ends of the honey-bee have always been of singular
interest to us, and this for exactly opposite reasons. It is a
double-ender — one end the friend — the other the enemy of
man."

This supreme interest in the bee, Prof. John Corastock
expresses less humorously, but no less truthfully when he
says:

"The honey-bee, through its useful producis, has been
known and cared for by man for centuries. Philosophers
have written about it, poets have sung its praises, and nat-
uralists have studied it during past ages, until there is prob-
ably no other insect with which man has such an intimate
acquaintance."

In face of this overwhelming interest, the study of the
honeybee, so far as apparatus is concerned, has fared the
worst of all at the hands of the scientists or the educational
naturalist. They have sold the master study, and relin-
quished chief title in it for a bag of gold. In the bauds of
commercialism bees have fared well. Father Lant; -troth
lifted out the honey; Bingham and Root smoked ot the
bees; Coggshall and Dixie brushed them off ; Porter kept
them out of their home; Cowan whirled out the liquid
honey, and Danzenbaker and others made it conveci' ^ut to
capture comb and all. Alley caught the queens and c' jiies ;

Doolittle, Miller, and Boardman said, " Let us feed them
when they are weak, so they can work better for us ;" Her-
shiser and Mason bottled the honey, andSturwold exhibited
it to the public, all saying, in effect, " Bring up your money,
and eat." Then they all shouted in chorus, "There's
money in it ! keep bees, and get rich I"

One manufacturer tells of "millions and millions of
dollars' worth of honey taken from bees annually ;" boasts
of a plant with a working capital of $300,000, and pictures
the honey product in the United States every year as
"making a solid train-load" SO miles long. Where, all
this time, is the educational naturalist who /oves the bee as
well as its product ? Resting quietly, and perfectly willing,
apparently, to let commercialism dominate the entire subject.

He will spend his money on elaborate bamboo rods,
nickel-plated heads of ingenious devices, with fine mesh
nets for the flying insects, approved drag-nets, and devices
for water-insects, elaborate breeding-cages, collecting
boxes; plaster of Paris, and glass and other mounts ; costly
storing-cases, and other elaborate paraphernalia. He will
devise ingenious methods for observation of ants, as have
Comstock, Fielde, and others. But what will he do for the
bee, the charm, the supreme interest of entomology ? Noth-
ing. No catalog of entomological supplies with which I
am familiar, though picturing a great variety of breeding-
cages for other insects, has one word to say in favor of
studying bees, or even a device to show for facilitating the
investigation of their habits. That has been left to com-
mercialism, and commercialism cares for nothing but the
money of the arrangement.

In a life devoted more or less to the study of bees as a
Nature Study topic of supreme merit, I have more and more
felt the need of an educational bee-hive.

This need has presented itself to me in the twofold rela-
tion of workmanship and convenience. To remedy this
defect I have devoted all my spare time for several months
past. Let us examine these needs.

1. Workmanship.— A leading book on Nature Study in
the school-room and home, pictures of a clap-trap dry-goods
box affair that would not for a moment be tolerated as an
apparatus for the study of physics in any laboratory in the
land. Even those who cry the loudest for home-made
apparatus in physics would not accept such a crude thing
as that. A poor farm-house would demand better work-
manship in a box to put behind the stove for holding fire-
wood—it surely would if the photographic illustration does
the subject justice. A prominent magazine devoted to life
in the country has two or three times pictured arrange-
ments for holding a single frame of bees in a window. If
we are to judge from the illustration, it must have been the
poorest piece of furniture in the house. The tone of the arti-
cle, and the appearance of the illustration, convey the impres-
sion that the writer felt a pride in the fact that the whole
thing was cheap and home-made. But why cheap and home-
made ? Is the subject unworthy our attention ? or is it un-
worthy our best treatment?

Why does that periodical not publish articles on How
to Make a Dog- Kennel Out of a Dry-Goods Box ;" " How to
Make a Cage for Your Canary Out of Old Umbrella Ribs ;
" How to Tear Up Old Rags into Ribbons for the Neck of
Your Pet Cat "? or— but why argue furthur 7 The articles
admit the interest in bees as a home ornament. Then why
insult the bees with anything short of the best ?

In a leading university and in a prominent museum I
have seen a crude "observation hive " visited by greater
crowds of people than were the show-cases of specimens,
and have heard them excite more exclamations of interest
and wonder. Yet the glass in one of the doors cost more
than the entire hive ; indeed, the hives in both places were
such ramshackle affairs that an up-to-date bee-keeper would
hardly consider them worth a place in his back-yard apiary.
The probabilities are that such an apiarist would chop them
up for kindling-wood. Yet why this " economy " of the uni-
versity or the museum ? Are not live bees of more interest
than pinned beetles or skeletons of muskrats 7 If they are,
give them a "case " at least as good.

■^ In Utility and Conveniknck.— The so-called " ob-
servation hive " has consisted of 8 or 10 frames with glass
on both sides, with or without covering doors, exposing
usually about two-thirds of one .side of the outermost comb.
The real work of the bees is on the inner combs ; but, waiv-
ing that disadvantage, a hive that exposes to observation
from one-twelfth to one-fifteenth of its comb surface (the
glasses at the end are useless) is not an observation hive ;
it is an aeeravation hive. .

Another form of so-called "observation hive has been
a simple affair with glass sides for holding one frame of

374

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25, 1905

comb temporarily removed from a hive, with the bees upon
it. For temporary exhibition of one comb this has its
place ; but as an observation hive it is a misnomer and a
failure. From their unnatural surroundings, and from the
fact that they ha.ve no facilities for clustering between pro-
tecting combs for warmth, and especially since the bees
soon die in it, my opinion is that the contrivance would
better be named a tribulation or devastation hive. Another
apparatus, originating in England, and intended to secure
the desired result, has been made of two series of frames
with four or five in each vertical row ! Could anything be
more absurd as a matter of ingenuity, or further removed
from the natural condition in the natural hive 7 I can
imagine nothing.

These facts, united with the belief that the honey-bees
are unexcelled in interest from the nature-study standpoint,
have impelled me for months to study the subject, and to
plan what now seems to be an ideal educational bee-hive,
and I have intrusted its manufacture to The A. I. Root
Company, who have had extensive experience in building
hives for the honey-gatherer; and who are in full sympathy
with the nature-study conditions, and who, furthermore,
have unexcelled facilities for fine workmanship. The hive
is to be made in finely finished pine, ash, or oak, and glaEed
in first-quality glass.

The essential feature is an observation chainber backed
by a force of bees in regular body hive with glass sides.

As the physicist has a battery or motor from which he
takes out electricity for such experiments or observations
as he may desire to make with special apparatus, so here
*he bee naturalist is provided with the ability to make ob-
servations and experiments.

The chamber is supplied with a padded division-board,
which serves to divide it into two hives, and which is also
useful as a background for photographing results obtained
in either apartment. The bees may be readily isolated as a
separate colony in either section for artificial feeding, for
rustic comb-building, or for other purposes. The chamber
is deeper than the body of the hive, so that the entire ex-
tent of the regular frame or other comb-support may be
seen or photographed.

Under each half -chamber is an ingenious arrangement
of slot and bee-escape. When the thin metal cover is drawn
entirely out, bees go in or out freely ; when half in, the
bees go out only, and the chamber is soon cleared. Push
the metal plate entirely in, and the bees go neither in nor
out, but may be instantly removed to another hive for ex-
perimental purposes. Not a bee can then take flight to
freedom, and there is not the slightest possibility of being
stung. By using one or both of these sliding covers, the
hive is readily made into two or three hives. Holes in the
top are supplied with caps and with jar feeders.

Observation Sdpkr. — A regular Danzenbaker super
with 32 4x5 sections is the third story of the hive. This is
supplied with observation sides, which give clear exposure
from the top to the bottom of the outer sections.

Removable Hives.— Above this are two traveling hives
for temporary exhibition. Bees are let into this by slot and
escape device (as is done with each half of the observation
chamber), so that bees may be carried from place to place or
be used for class exhibition, or for nuclei experiments, and
without the slightest danger of loss or injury either to the
insects or to the apiarist. Both have the regular mouth
opening for use as a single isolated hive. Many experi-
ments that can not be made in the divided observation-
chamber can be performed in these removable hives.

Magnifying Feeder.— This is on the end opposite the
mouth of the main hive, and is so arranged that the ob-
server, looking through a powerful lens, faces the window
at which the whole hive is located. The top and back of
this feeder are of glass. Diluted honey or simple syrup is
put in small quantities in a trough one-eighth of an inch
wide. Bees stand on an elevated glass shelf, and each one
takes the sweets from the narrow space between the two
glasses, as it takes the nectar from the flower. Collectively
they have the appearance of " feeding at the trough like
little pigs."

The powerful lens slides back and forth so as to give a
view of any portion of this trough, wherever " the best feed-
ing " is in progress. The lens is set one-eighth out of cen-
ter from top to bottom, so that by turning the supporting-
block, a range of adjustment of one-fourth of an inch up or
down is given. A delicate focusing adjustment is provided
by a screw with a range of three-fourths of an inch. This
lens shows the heads and proboscides of the feeding bees in
a wonderfully interesting manner.

The bottom of the feeder is provided with slot and slide
as an escape device, previously described, aud the whole is
easily taken from the hive by the slides and carried to a
window for closer observation, or it may be passed around
to members of a class or to visitors.

Artificial Feeding. — Between this magnifying-feeder
and the end of the hive which has the mouth opening there
are two jar feeders with perforated caps. These are so
arranged that one is over each half of the observation
chamber. The hive is also provided with a Doolittle divis-
ion-board feeder that may be placed in the main hive, in
either observation chamber or in the one or two removable
hives. From these last the cover may be taken off and the
feeder put in without the escape of bees, provided the slid-
ing cover is previously pushed in half way, so that the por-
table hive is cleared through the Porter escape.

Flying Cage and Observation Box-Hive. — This at-
tachment, like the magnifying-feeder, is not supplied reg-
ularly with the hive, but is regarded as an extra. It will be
found very serviceable in a variety of experiments. Three
sides are of glass. The other has non-rustible wire-netting.
This netting is placed next to the main hive in place of the
tube entrance. A long slot through the lower part of the
frame matches the mouth opening of the main hive. The
purpose of this flying cage is to provide a place in which
the bees may fly when the hive is set up in a room away
from a window for observation, instruction, or exhibition.
This will be found very serviceable for use in fairs, and for
temporary exhibition in schools, also for advertising pur-
poses, and when placed with the entire hive in the show-
window of a store.

This cage is hive-size, and takes on the top the regular
cover, the feeding-board, with the main hive or supers. At
the upper and lower portions are places for feeding. The
inside of the hive is regularly fitted with supports for regu-
lar frames, or for rustic sticks. In this manner it may be
used in imitation of the original bee-trees, the whole being
covered with paper, cloth, or other material for making the
interior dark. When this covering is removed, the entire
inside of the bee-tree with rustic cross-sticks may be readily
seen.

When the cage is not thus used in connection with the
main hive, it is turned around so as to face in the same
direction as the other hive, and both are then side by side
at the window, with two tube entrances as two separate
hives. A large base-board is provided for the hives when
used in combination. This cage is so designed that it may
readily serve many other natural-history purposes. It is
unexcelled in convenience as a transforming-cage for
lepidoptera or for aquatic insects. For the last-mentioned
purpose bowls or dishes of water to hold the aquatic speci-
mens are placed in the lower section.

When used as a larval feeding-cage, pots of earth with
growing plants, or broken branches placed in bottles of
water which are set in the earth in the pots, may be placed
in the lower section.

The main hive is fitted with the Danzenbaker entrance-
stops. The bottom-board is clamped to the main hive by
the Van Deusen hive-clamp.

The alighting-boards of the tube entrances take Alley's
queen and drone trap, bee-guards, etc. It is recommended
that the Root queen-rearing outfit be purhased in connection
with the hive.

Another very useful accessory is an observation lens
five inches in diameter.

With the complete hive, the magnifying-feeder, the
flying-cage, and observation box hive, the Root queen-rear-
ing outfit, and the observation lens, facilities are afi^orded
for every phase of apiarian observation, experiment, in-
struction, pleasure, or exhibition. At last we have an
observation hive worthy the subject. The optical parts are
by one of the most famous and extensive manufacturers of
lenses in the world. The woodwork and bee-appliances are
by the largest manufacturing establishment of apiarian
apparatus.

I have not tried to produce a cheap or simple hive, but
rather one which the bees and their friends have long
merited. I am confident that all concerned will be pleased.

Contrary to the advice of many friends who have known
of my prolonged study and work on this hive, I have refused
to take out a patent. On the contrary, I have arranged
with the manufacturers to have the hive and all its acces-
sories placed on the market at the cost of production. Con-
sidering the detail and workmanship, I regard the price as
barely covering cost of labor and materials. I am confident
that the hive-manufacturers must look for profit to the sale

I

May 25, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

375

of their regular goods to the new converts which I am sure
this hive will bring to the fascinating field of apiculture.

Profit and the spirit of commercialism in no wise eater
into the production of this hive. I have regarded the labor
spent upon it as a labor of love. To my fellow-students
and lovers of Nature I cordially bestow and heartily com-
mend "The Bigelow Educational Hive." May the study of
these wonderful insects afford you as much pleasure and
instruction as they have afforded me.

#

New Method of Artificial Swarming:, Etc.

BY C. DAVBNPORT
(Coaclttded from page 359.)

THE event I described in my previous article in regard
to a new method of making artificial swarms, took
place late in the season after most of the swarming was
over, so I had a chance to test this plan on only a few colo-
nies that season, but most of these I allowed to have sealed
queen-cells before I swarmed them. None of them appeared
to swarm out, and all went to work with all the vigor of
natural swarms.

Last year, as I said, was a poor honey season, but more
than enough was secured to keep up brood-rearing, and
swarming was excessive. Nearly all medium to strong
colonies made preparations to swarm. And now, to be
brief, I swarmed by this new plan last season over 200 colo-
nies, many of which had sealed queen-cells.

And, now, what will be hard to believe is the fact that
not one of these swarmed out, and all worked fully as well
as natural swarms.

Another fact that I expect few to credit is, that I can
swarm a colony by this plan, and secure more honey, than
if they were allowed to swarm naturally, or than would be
secured if they had stayed together with no desire to swarm,
and this without regard to whether the colony is weak,
medium or strong. That is, I can, here in the North, with
our short flow. There is, though, in spite of all I have
said, one disadvantage about this method, and that is, that
so far I have not been able to devise any way by which this
method can be used to unite two swarms. Here, with our
short flow, more honey — especially comb — can be secured if
two swarms are united, but there are possibilities about this
method that I have not yet fully developed or worked out,
and I wish to experiment and handle the matter alone
another year before giving it to the bee-keeping world.

REMOVING BEBS FROM CELLARS.

I would now like to say something about removing bees
from cellars in the spring that may be of benefit to some
who have not been engaged in our pursuit long, and possi-
bly it may to some who have. The credit for this belongs
to a Mr. West, who lives somewhere in the East. It was
about removing bees from cellars in the evening, or at
night, and since reading what he said in regard to the mat-
ter, I have put a good many of my bees out in the evening.
I tried the plan in a small way at first, for it seemed to me
that after bees had been confined so long they would, if
carried out at night, fly out the next day without regard to
what the weather was, but I found that such was not the
case. The only trouble I have ever found in this respect —
and I remember that Mr. West mentioned this — is, that if
it should snow before they have a chance to fly, and then
turn warm suddenly, some bees may be lost in the soft

snow. I have had this occur, but I do not think the loss of
bees was very serious.

Sometimes bees become so restless and uneasy by
spring in cellars where conditions are not right that as
soon as light is admitted the air becomes thick with flying
bees that seem crazy to sting somebody or something as
soon as they get out.

A year ago last spring a man came some distance and
said he would pay me almost any price I might ask if I
would get his bees out of the cellar either dead or alive, he
did not care much which. He had about 25 colonies in
large box-hives in the cellar under the house where all the
fruit and vegetables were kept, and had been disturbed
more or less all winter until they had finally gotten so that
none of the family dared open or go into the cellar.

I told him he could remove them at night without
trouble, but he said they were as bad or worse at night.
This man knew practically nothing about bees. He had
bought them late the previous fall, of a neighbor who had
moved away. I mention the matter partly because,
although these bees were wintered in a cellar under very
unfavorable conditions, I have seen but very few bees in as
good condition in the spring as they were. Most of those
large hives were fairly crowded with bees. The cellar was
very warm, and the great roaring they made was what made
him think they would fly at night.

But even in a case as bad as this there need be no
trouble in removing them at night, for after the window
and outside door had been opened for some time they were
removed and wheeled some distance on a wheelbarrow with-
out any bees leaving the hives.

But often the greatest advantage about removing bees
at night is in regard to robbing. After colonies have had
their first flight in the spring I never have any trouble or
pay any attention to robbing. I keep the hive-entrances of
weak colonies contracted according to their strength, and
if they can not defend themselves robbers are welcome to
take them. But I have never yet lost one colony by robber-
bees, that was worth saving, and I throw out broken combs
or leave honey out to be cleaned up any time it suits me to
do so.

I have, though, met with some serious losses by having
colonies robbed when they were first put out. Bees seem to
make no efi'ort to defend their stores when put out in the
daytime until they have had a good flight. And if only
part of the bees in a cellar are put out, and a number of
days elapse before the rest are removed, those first put out
may remove nearly all the stores from a large number of
those just put out. But when this is the case there is no
fighting and loss of bees on this account, for, as I said, they
make no effort to defend their stores, and if no honey is in
the fields they of course soon starve to death unless close
watch is kept and those robbed are fed.

Now, for some reason, when they are carried out a*
night they defend their stores. They fly more slowly, and
seem to keep guard and be on the lookout for robbers. Rob-
bing, though, under these conditions, can be prevented if
they are put out in the daytime. All that is necessary is to
give the colonies first put out a good smoking just before
putting out the rest. But I prefer to put them out on pleas-
ant evenings, because it saves opening and shutting the
cellar-door for every hive, and no precaution has to be
taken to close the hives, for the bees will scarcely attempt
to fly out, no matter how roughly they are handled, at least
when the evenings are cool as they always are here in early

spring.

Southern Minnesota.

r

V

®ur Sec Kcepinc^ Sisters

^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

J

Trip of a French Bee In a Bouquet

[The following sketch, written by a sister
of sunny France for the French bee-journal,
L'Abeille de L'Aisne, and translated by our
good friend, Mr. C. P. Dadant, will no doubt
be enjoyed by the readers of this department.

am told that there is a Mr. Dennler who is

editor of a bee-journal, and it is not unlikely
that Mrs. Lucie Donnlerishiswife. — E.M.W.]

A few days ajo I was unpacking a box of
exotia flowers seut to me from Nice by a lady
friend, when, in the calyx of a blossom, I
found a small boney-bee numb and almost in-
animate. Poor Utile one, victim of your zeal,
you had been slathered with the blossoms on
which you fo.aged! Seized with pity, 1 at-

tempted to revive it, and while warming it
with my breath, I laid it by the window in the
rays of a March sunshine.

1 then indulged in the charming occupation
of admiring the rich assortment of blossoms
that the surprise box contained. The table
was soon covered with theiu. Anemones with
bright and varied colors, white and yellow
jonquils, Parma violets, orange blossoms and
white lilacs, gigantic mignonettes and
branches of mimosa, the fine and sensitive
leaves of which had folded themselves during
the trip to take on a new life at the contact of
water and air. This blossoming world evoked
the picture of the sunny and perfumed South
of France. It is this rich flora which sup-
plies the distillers of Grasse with the pene-
trating perfumes they make. I read, only a
few days ago, in the Belgian Bulletin of
Arboriculture a very interesting report, show-
ing that the perfume of mignonette costs

376

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25, 1905

$3700 per pound, and that it takes 16 tons of
those flowers to produce a pound of perfume.
The essence of violet costs a still greater price,
and it requires 33,000 pounds of these blos-
soms to produce a pound of essence. These
wonderful figures caused me to deplore the
fact that so many acres of blossoms were sac-
rificed to satisfy the demand for a matter of
vanity and luxury when the same fields would
be of great use to our little bees and the com-
mon good.

While I was thus pondering, my little im-
migrant had become warmed by the pale sun
of Alsace, and I soon heard it buzzing gaily
and striking against the panes, already hungry
for air and probably labor. Poor little one,
how you will wonder and wander in vain
through our cold country seeking for flowers
and plunder! How foolish you were to allow
yourself to be thus packed among those
flowers. If I were to turn you free you would
die of cold, or would be killed by your Alsa-
tian sisters. What shall I do?

I then thought, as an anchor of salvation,
of the queen-cage, so ingenious and practical.
I introduced my little ward in one of these
with a few drops of honey. I was anxious to
see whether the little French bee would be
accepted. But how could I know? I was
determined to watch the hive that was to con-
tain it. I had recourse to the coloring rec-
ommended by our friend and bee-master, Mr.
Kraemer. I entrusted to the more experi-
mented hands of my husband the task of
decorating the corselet of our little friend
with a bright red spot.

The cage has been opened and the prisoner
released. Yesterday, in a fine sunshine, I had
the pleasure of seeing the little southern bee
flying out of the hive among its companions
of Mutzig, and shortly coming back with a
load of pollen evidently gathered on the alder-
bushes near by.

And now, dear little winged worker, have
courage. Be contented with the Alsatian
flora. If it is not as rich and as varied as that
of the romantic Riviera, it is yours all the
same, and you can harvest from it some
delicious honey.

I do not know whether this page will please
my readers, but I found that trip of a bee in
a bouquet so pretty and so unique that it has
seemed to me worthy of being mentioned.
Mrs. Lucie Dennleb.

No "Colored Line" in Bee-Keeping

MiSTAH Editoh: — Ise now gwine to write
to you 'bout de Sistahs' department. My
good wife Dinah wants to know if dar is any
objeksun to a euUahed lady jinin' de circul ob
de Merican Bee Journal sistahs? If dare is
no cullah line, den how much does Sistah
Emma charge for a sistah jinin? Will you

please refur de foregoin' quesshuns to Sistah
Emma to be anshured in de Sistahs' depart-
ment ob de Bee .Journal, and oblegei

Well, as dis am de fust time dat I rote to de
Merican Bee Journal, I specks dat I better tell
de bruddern who I is. My maiden name is
'•Jeems," but de boys all call me Jim. I
specks I is more dan 40 yeahs old. I had been
keepin' bees fo' ni on to 25 yeahs. Obcose we
keep only de cuUahed bees, as dey seem mo'
in harmony wit de things around us, but
Dinah says dey had mose too warm a tatch-
ment too de childun, as dey am so familiah
wit deir biznes ends.

My daughtah " Arrovis" says to tell you
dat aldo she is not quite 16 she is very sweet,
specially when she is helpin' wit de huney.

If our huney crop turns out as well as we
spect this faul, me and Dinah specks to jine
de Nashional 'Sociation in a body. Dar am
some people here that come from China, and
they call huney " sting-bug juice."

It hab bin said dat dar am nufin imposible;
but dar am, becase it would be impossible to
make my son Eb's mouf widah witout fust
settin' his eahs back.

We hab a nectah plant heah called allum-
weed. De huney from hit am so stringent dat
a spoonfuU giben to a comon chile will pucker
up hits mouf so hit can't baul to' seben hours ;
but hit takes two spoonsfull fo' Eb.

Oh, yes, I like to fogot to tole you dat I is
a cripple ; dey say dat I was bawn dat way-
crippled in de bed, or, as Dr. Sea Sea Miller
would say, "Crippled in de upper story of de
anatomy of de cuUahed jentleman."

From your confectionate brudder —

Whitman Co., Wash. Jeems Smith.

There is no colored line that Sister Dinah
can not easily climb over to get into the
charmed circle of the Sisters' department,
and she will be welcome at any time to join
" in a body."

Honey for Sleeplessness

Honey has been reported as very helpful in
cases of sleeplessness, and it is well known
that milk helps to put to sleep grown-ups as
well as babies, but why has not the combina-
tion of the two been thought of as a remedy
for insomnia?

Recently a Sunday-school institute was held
in Marengo, and the absence of one prominent
in both Sunday-school and public school work
was much regretted. From a letter just re-
ceived, the following is taken :

" I had planned to attend, when, for some
unknown reason, I became a victim of in-
somnia, being unable to sleep for three weeks

Honey and sweet milk before retiring

brought back my natural sleep, so I am now
recuperating rapidly."

The'

Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

PATENTS AND SO-CALLED MAUnFACTURED
COME HONEY.

Provoking, but very decidedly interesting,
is the language of that patent mentioned on
page 276. Seems to show that, notwithstand-
ing rules, a man may get Uncle Sam to give
him a patent on an impossible invention.
Examiners are human and finite — and may be
about as lacking in bee sense as the private
citizen we are oft amazed at. As a natural
result they don't always know what is possi-
ble, and what is impossible; and they give
the man who wants a patent the benefit of
the doubt. Somebody invent and patent a
machine for taking a certain leading mis-
representer of comb honey and making
him into a somewhat different sort of man.
The finished product of this machine would
try to compensate old wrongs instead of add-
ing to them. Said product would realize

what great wrongs he had done in the past to
a section of the people he is paid to serve.
Therefore, said product would not put out
words sounding like the words of a lawyer
paid to do more of the same mischief— us
much of it as possible without out-and-out
untruth.

And the New York Tribune, mainly right,
and ail along leaning on apparent evidence.
still loses sight of the main thing — as human
beings usually do when they argue. The
main thing is that a company of honest people
in an honest calling are confronted every-
where with the charge that their product is
completely fraudulent. And tlutt charge is
not a fact, and there is no danger of its ever
becoming a fact, yet The Tribune will not say
so in a way to count as it should.

Still, when we get flo?ged for what we are
not guilty of, it's a good time to remember

that we are guilty of some things that we are
seldom flogged for. Even The Tribune did
not tell them — because it did not know of
them. I have seen exposed for sale at a
grocery in Toledo alleged comb honey, sec-
tions that had no cappings on at all, and the
lower portion of the comb was not yet built
out to full thickness. This is a rare piece of
bee-man's wrong doing; but there are some
things not rare that we ought to be flogged
for. As we can't make our adversaries quit
their meanness, suppose we go to work and
quit ours. Suppose The Tribune had said,
*'If comb honey is never adulterated how
came t/iis taste of soap in It f''

SHORTER HOURS FOR MICHIGAN BEES !

Why, Comrade Bingham, if you didn't push
too far we might be induced to grant that the
air of Michigan may have something languid
in it, inducing laziness in man and bee — but
only two hours, out of the long June day, for
bees to gather — we feel that you must have
overdone your job somehow. Your trade
union hardly wants you to leap from the 8-
hour day to the 2-hour day all at one step.
Page 278.

SEALINS HONET WITH HEAT OF HIVE.

That's a queer question on page 279 about
sealing up honey with the heat of the hive
still in it. Not likely that such a practice
would (per se) do any harm. The trouble is
that the heat of the hive is not enough to do
any good particularly. Seal up honey when
it is as hot as your hands can well bear. Con-
siderable time must be given the minute float-
ing particles and air bubbles to rise, and the
attempt to utilize natural heat would prevent
this.

DECOT HIVES WITH WORK IN THEM.

About decoy hives. Dr. Miller, what do you
think of this? Don't have the combs and
floor too clean — hive rubbish on the floor and
combs calling for considerable work. The
idea is that when a swarm enters a hive vol-
untarily it is almost always because they have
become attached to that hive by doing lots of
preliminary work in it. How can they go
and work day after day in a hive where there
is no work to do? This is apropos to your
answer to "Michigan," on page 281. lam
not sure a perfectly clean decoy would be any
the less attractive for its cleanliness ; but I
suspect that scouts on first visit would go
away much quicker if they found nothing to
do, and therefore be less likely to return.

CALIFORNIA'S VARIABLE HONEY PROSPECTS.

Yum, yum ! Sure prospects now of lots of
California honey on the market — unless some-
thing new under the sun transpires — or again
unless an almost unprecedented succession
of cold winds continue all the time through
the time of harvest. Page 282.

BIGGEST HONET-TIELD — SMELTER GAS.

That was a splendid honey-yield of Mr.
Lovesy's, related on page "284 — one strong col-
ony increased to six, and made to yield close
to a thousand pounds of surplus. Pity those
384 sections were not weighed. We can
hardly assume that they weighed 3S3 pounds
without a little more evidence of it. I am a
little inclined to think that this is the most
satisfactory and best authenticated approach
to the 1000-pound yield that this continent
has had published so far.

Probably where bees suffer in winter from
the gas of distant smelters, it helps them a
little to be in a 4-story hive — supply of pure
air inside. Where winters are severe and air
perfectly pure, I think all needless extra space
inside is more or less of a damage. When
the hives are so few why not winter them on
a high, 4-posted platform — providing the roof
of a building can not be fixed to answer?
Bees should live wherever human beings can,
if they arc kept as far from the ground.

Introducing Queens

I have many times introduced queens— both
virgin and mated — by using flour as a pacifier.
When removing a queen from nucleusfora
customer, I introduce another at once,
sprinkling the bees with a little flour, and

May 25, 1905

THE AMERCAN BEE JOURNAL

377

also the queen, then dropping her in among
the bees, or letting her run in between the
frames, and in nearly every case she has

been accepted. This is a great saving of time
to the beeki L-per.— W. Woodlbt, in the
British Bee Jouinal.

(T

V=

Doctor ITTtllcr's Q)ucstton Box

Send Questions either to the ofBce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does «o< answer Questions by mail.

%

J

Diseased Bees

We have 20 colonies of bees, 4 of which are
diseased, and we do not want the disease to
spread.

The colonies are pretty strong, have frames
full of brood, and have plenty of honey. The
larv* die in various stages, some while quite
young and others just before being sealed and
after being sealed. Some die while they are
white, some turn brown and black. Those
that are black are large, but both turn black,
sealed or unsealed. Some of the larvae come
half-way out of the cell and stick there.
There is a sour smell on combs and larv.T,
but no ropiness in the larv*.

1. Do you think it is pickled brood, or foul
brood \

2. Can we feed the honey back to the bees?

3. We have shaken the bees into new hives
on new frames and foundation, and let them
fly. Have we done right!

4. What causes the pickled brood, it it is
pickled brood?

5. Do you think the cold, frosty nights did
it?

6. We hear there is some foul brood in our
township, but none closer than 4 or 5 miles,
that we know of. If this is foul brood to
whom s'jould we send a sample?

Illinois.
Answers. — 1. It may be pickled brood.

2. No, the honey will very likely carry the
disease with it. If it is nice honey it will be
all right for the table.

3. It would probably have been better if
you had waited till bees were busy storing.

4. A microbe, but just exactly what microbe
does not seem entirely settled.

5. Not if it's anything like pickled brood.

6. General Manager N. E. France, Platte-
ville. Wis. Put in tin or wood, so it will not
be mashed in the mail.

Swarming Affected by Hive-Color

At the State Bee-Keepers' meeting yester-
day Allen Latham said bees would not swarm
from a hive painted a dark color and set in
the shade. Does the color of a hive have any
effect on swarming when in the shade?

Connecticut.

Answer. — 1. I don't understand why color
should make any difference in the shade. Pos-
sibly he meant that shade would lessen the
likelihood of swarming, even if the hive was
dark .

Queens Missing and No Queen-Cells

This spring I sent to one of the queen-
breeders for 2 queens, which I introduced
into 2 good, strong colonies. One week later
I opened the hives and found both queens all
right and both were laying. I put a feeder
in each hive, and began feeding a little every
night. Two weeks from the time I introduced
the queens I looked for them again, and
found them without any trouble, as the bees
were blacks and the queens Italians. A few
days later I looked for the new queens to clip
them, but could find neither of them. Do you
think the bees killed them, and if so what
was the cause?

I waited a week and then looked again, but
there was no queen in either hive, and the
eggs had all hatched. I could find no queen-
cells started 3'et, so 1 waited a week and
looked again, shaking the bees off the combs

and looking very carefully for queen-cells, but
there was no sign of one started. I have
fince given each colony a frame of eggs and
brood, and still they do not start queen-cells.
The brood is all sealed except that in the
frames I have given them the past week.
What can I do to get them to start cells?

Minnesota.

Answer. — The case is a very unusual
one, and I don't know what to think of it.
Sometimes a queen is accidentally killed by
the bee-keeper when a hive is opened, and
sometimes the opening of a hive makes the
bees kill a queen, but it would seem strange
to have it happen with 2 colonies, and then to
have neither colony start cells. If they per-
sist in refusing to start cells, you might try
swapping frames of brood and bees with other
colonies.

Strong Colonies for Winter

1. Does it pay to work for strong colonies
of young bees to go into winter quarters?

2. Can it be done by feeding in the fall to
cause brood-rearing?

3. When would you begin feeding for that
purpose, and how long would you feed?

Minnesota.
Answers.— 1. It pays to have such colo-
nies, and it sometimes pays to work for them.

2. Yes, if there is no yield of honey in late
summer and fall.

3. Generally I wouldn't begin at all, for
generally nature takes care of the matter ; but
if there is an absolute absence of nectar I
would perhaps begin toward the last of
August and continue 2 or 3 weeks.

Bees In a Nail-Keg— Moths— Trans-
ferring—Swarming Rendering
Beeswax, Etc.

I have a small colony of bees which I kept
outdoors all winter in a nail-keg. When I
hived them last fall they seemed to be a large
colony, but they have been dying until now
there is only about a quart of bees in all. On
March 16 I changed them to an 8-frame hive
which I had made. While I was transferring
them the weather got cooler, the temperature
going to 4U degrees above zero. I put a good
roof over them and a carpet over this. They
had nearly enough brood-comb to fill one
frame, and only about 4 square inches of
honey. They have never seemed to be satis-
fied since I changed them, and did not appear
to be gathering any honey or pollen, although
the apple-trees are in bloom, and several days
ago, while still iu the keg, they were gather-
ing in a great i-le;il of pollen. Yesterday — 8
days after I transferred them — the whole col-
ony left the hive. I followed them 150 yards,
and they clustered on a limb. I put them in
the hive again, and they seemed to be better
satisfied. I don't think they have a queen.
She probably ;,'ot killed while I was transfer-
ring them. 1 have never seen her, although
when they swarmed I looked carefully for her.

1. Is the lo=5 I mention natural?

2 Should there be a constant loss of bees
in winter through dying and falling to the
bottom of the Hive?

3. What does a honey or comb moth look
like?

4. How early is it safe to transfer, taking
climate, etc.. into consideration !

5. What is t!if best time to transfer!

G. Can a colony of bees be transferred to a

hive, or can a swarm be put in a hive, with-
out any honey or comb, or even foundaiion
starters, or is it best to put comb in a hive
when transferring or hiving a swarm!

7. How is beeswax made? Should it be a
bright yellow color, or rather dark! In what
shape should the cakes be made for sale?

8. How much brood-comb should there bo
in an ordinary 8-frame hive about the first of
May?

9. Would it be best to get a frame of brood
and put it in the hive, or put starters in the
frames?

10. Would having no queen cause them to
swarm? If so, will they swarm again?

11. Will bees build comb in a brood-frame
at all without starters? Indiana.

Answers. — 1 and 2. Yes, bees are con-
stantly dying off from old age, and all the
worse in a colony which was queenless last
summer or early fall, as there are none but
old bees.

3. I don't know. Perhaps you mean a bee-
moth, or wax-moth, which is a common-look-
ing moth of a dull, grayish color.

4. Not before fruit-bloom.

5. About 21 days after the issuing of the
prime swarm, for that allows the prime swarm
practically to transfer itself. If you don't
want to wait for that, transfer in fruit-bloom.

6. A swarm will generally stay all right in a
hive entirely empty, but in transferring the
combs go with the bees.

7. Melting the combs and separating the
wax from the other parts makes beeswax.
Unless it is burned or injured in some way it
should not be very dark color. It doesn't
matter about the shape of the cakes.

8. The 8 frames should be entirely full of
comb in the fall, and of course there will be
just as much comb the following May.

9. If you mean, when hiving a swarm, it is
better to have the frames entirely filled with
foundation, and many think it advisable to
give a frame containing brood and honey to a
swarm.

10. Yes, a colony in the case you mention
would be more likely to swarm out if queen-
less, and still more likely if also short of
stores. In that case they are likely to swarm
out again.

U. Yes, but they may not build it just
where you want it.

If you have not already secured a book of
instruction about bees, you could not more
profitably invest a dollar or so than in that
way.

^ .4.^^^ 1

Sunken Brood Capplngs, Etc.

1. When the cappings of the brood-cells are
sunk, is it always an indication of disease, or
are the cappings of healthy brood sometimes
sunk?

2. Of what use to the bee are the 3 black
spots (thus .■.) seen on the back of the head
of the larva' about the time the eyes begin to
get dark?

3. Is there any reason for bees so often
holding their hind legs straight down instead
of using them to hold on with when they
cluster?

4. I had 4 queens come out with a swarm,
and, as far as 1 know, it was a prime swarm.
How would you account for that?

Tennessee.

Answers. — 1. 1 don't know that the cap-
pings of healthy brood are ever sunk, but
dead brood might have sunken cappings with-
out any disease being present ; and, of course,
dead brood could hardly be called healthy
brood.

2. I don't know unless it be the three sin-
gle eyes.

3. They are likely to have a good reason for
everything they do, but I don't know « hat
the reason is iu ihiscase. If you mean when
they cluster in festoons, it would seem that
the hind legs ought to hang down free su that
the next bee below could hang onto them.

4. The old queen may hive been lost in
some way (possibly accidentally killed, pos-
sibly she issued with a swarm, was unable to
fly, and the swarm returned), and when the
young queens matured a numberwere allowed
to go out w ith the swarm.

378

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25, 1905

BEST BEESFPPLIES

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices,

Root's Mlm and Extractors, Daflant's Comti Foundation, Bingliaffl Smolders.

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freight paid to your station it you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
eacln year into every Stale east of the Rocky Mountains; let us ship to you.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order ip You say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,E.a'st.ln(lianapolis,In(l.

No. 2 Sections

The quality of our No. 2 Sections is equal to the average run of No. 1 Sections. '

There is less breakage in our No. 2 Sections than you would expect to find in the I

No. I Sections. ]

Odc of our customers writes us that out of 1500 shipped him by us, not one broke. I

We are making BEE-SUPPI.IES of quality and sell at nearly 25 percent ,

less than any other house. We guarantee you absolute satisfaction and make right '

what's wrong. Write us to-day for sample order and prices on all kinds of goods. i

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Buildiug, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ;

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive.
You can't have healthy, profitable
fowls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vermin and
makes "sittiner hens comfortable.
Sample idc; 100 oz.. $1.00 hv express.
O, K. STOCK FOOn CO..
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Prey.
406 Monon Bldg., Chicaso. IlL

feare

Manufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing'Jout a large quantit}^ of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Plea.se mention Bee Juamal \srnen wriuiit

Jlcports ani)
(Sxpcricnccs

Swarms Enterinff Empty Hives

I notice on page 281 a question about get-
ting swarms to enter empty hives. I would
like to liDow how it is done. When the bees
swarm I place an empty hive wherever 1 have
cut a bee-lree. The places are about a mile
apart. James L. A. Miller.

Gasconade Co., Mo.

Moving Bees

I have seen a great deal about having
trouble in moving bees a short distance. I
moved my bees about 300 feet without any
trouble on Feb. 20, and they had two flights
before I moved them. I don't think any one
would have trouble if it were done right.

W H. HOBERT.

Muscatine Co., Iowa, April 20.

Giving Afterswarms Combs of Brood

In reply to G. M. Doolittle's advice to a be-
ginner to give to a second or afterswarm a
comb of brood, that it is all right from the
mother colony where no eggs are to be seen,
or he may And that virgin queen right in
front of that second swarm, killed by its own
bees. It might work with genteel Italians,
but not with cross bees. I give brood to first
swarms to insure i heir remaining. I never
allow eggs where a queen is to mate, not even
in baby nuclei, and they general } finish the
best queens of all.

1 have been a bee-keeper tor 40 5ei>rs, and
for 16 years have secured my liv-.-U from
them. One don't need 100 colonies to sup-
port a family, when he knows how to handle
bees. John H. Gcnthbr.

Wood Co., Wis., April 19.

Honey Sold in Light- Weight
Sections

I have sold goods (groceries) for over 20
years, and it is my observation that 9 out of
10 people will say that they don't believe
there is a pound of honey in a section, and it
was only by weighing it tor them that it was
possible to make a sale, and not always then.
But I very seldom failed to make a sale when
the section weighed a full pound.

Henry Co., Mo., May 5. F. P. Daum.

14At{

Selling Light-Weight Honey

As to selling honey by light weight, when I
first commenced with section honey 1 used
I's sections, and found that the bees did not
build in all sections alike. One-half bulged

Southwestern Bee-keepers
SAVE MONEY

See our prices on all Bee-KeePERS* SUP-
PLIES before you bay. s>eod for Catalog. We
carry a full and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HONEY-CANS AND FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co. in Texas
as their sole and exclusive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant & Sons* world-
famous Cumb Foundation exclusively. Get our
prices before buving.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quanlily at all reasons of the year.
Let us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Bought and sold. We will buy your honey-
crop, and we especially want your beeswax at
highest market prices.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.,

(H. H. Hyde, Snccessor)
IDlf SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Ii'lease mention Bee Joamai woeo -vriujUL

May 2S, 1905

THE AMERK4N BEE JOURNAL

379

so badly that I could not case them. About
this time the fence separator made its appear-
ance. Oq examination I found that a IjVs sec-
tion and the fence just filled the l'«' slats. I
find that a 1''., section filled when the fence is
in will average 15 ounces right through. I
put 15 sections in a 12-pound ease and sell it
at $1..50. That is as cheap as dirt.

I would not do anything with the bees if I
could labor, but I am crippled with rheuma-
tism so badly that I can't get about to do
other work. I think that Mr. Morgan is
right. When I fill up what few empty hives
I may have on hand, I let the rest eo if I can
not double up. D. C. Wilson.

Linn Co., Iowa, March 24.

Fastening Foundation

No doubt Mr. Doolittle can do all he says
he can in making bee-fixtures in the winter,
but he did not inform one how he works his
wax. He no doubt has a shop which he can
make comfortably warm and that is sufficient
to take the brittleness out of the foundation.
Then very likely he uses knife and wire-im-
bedder, as hot as hot water can make them,
to work it.

We tried every way we could learn of to
stick foundation, without much satisfaction,
until we stumbled on using hot beeswax, and
the way to do it.

In our shop the ground is the floor, and we
dig a pit in the center and build a fire in it
sufficient to warm it, and the smoke goes out
of the open places. We have no snow, and a
small amount of freezing weather. We then
have an oilstove to heat water.tools and wax.
We use a discarded frying-pan to heat water
in and set in this a miner's small coffee-cup
filled with wax to be melted. Next we must
have a stop to put on the frames, to stop the
foundation in the center of the frames. We
take a stick larger than the top-bar of a frame

STaC?o^£S

Pare. Brilliant, Fast Colors. Quickest. Safest
Bures: dyes niaile. Same pacKatce tStur Dye
Colors cutcon. wool, silk or iuls.ed (foods. All
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goodH. Hlarl»yeHdo theworkin ntAC UnilR
No chemicals required. Cheap- Ullfc nUUrl
est and best for successful home uae — no fail-
ures if instructions are followed. Ninety beauti-
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HIGGINS MFG. CO., DEPT. 16, OLD TOWN, MAINE

nease mention Bee Journal 'when 'writk^

OoldenQoeensandBees

Ready June 1. Hustlers for honey; very gen-
tle, non-swarming. Price-list now ready— ilso
an Spage leaflet on queen- rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, blACic brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

DON'T BE BOTHERED

ivMth lice on poultry. SchlldVLlclK.
nine Lice Kllllnijr .Machine instant-
"■ removes them from tinittit itiirk
fat gobbler. 3 size.s. Also I'oultry
Bits. Lice Murder, LlprhtninR Lice
Killintr Powder, etc. fatalotr free.

I CHARLES SCIIILn CO .

SOI Detroit St. Cieveluiid. «.

Nuclei For Sale

Good, heavy, strong, three-frame Nuclei with
Queens, on L. frames— after May 20, t^.oO each,
f.o.b. railroad. Safe arrival guaranteed. No
foul brood in our conntry, M. O. ofiice. Cedar
View, Miss. W. T. LEWIS,

20A2t Lewisbukgh, Miss.

FOR SALE

50 colonies of Italian and Carniolan BEES
for sale, all in l}i-story 8 frame hives, nearly
new, and all in good condilion. One to 5 colo-
nies, $5 each. For larger lots write for pr.ce,
with stamp enclosed.

WM. J. HEALY.

18A.4t MiNEKAL^PoiNT, lowa Co., Wis.

« If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder " W

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
I(Ow Freig-ht Rates. .•. .•. .'

Prompt Service.
Catalog Free.

^ One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every

^ shipment, if you will mentiou it when ordering-, telling where you saw

jjfc the offer.

WALTER S. POUDER.

X 513-515 Massachnsetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Please meiitlO!i Bee ionmal wnen -wrltiac.

Gel Good Queens and bm

Itcgsts uou no more xx We turnish them on short notice

Untested, 75 cents each ; $4 for 6; or S7.50 per dozen. Tested, SI. 25 each. Breeders, $3.

Nuclei— 1 frame with queen, $1.50; 2-frame, S2; 3-frame, $2.50.

Absolute satisfaction or no deal. We breed 6 pure races. Price-list describing them free.

We are agents for the OittmerConilt Foundation for this State, and all that are
nearer us than them, at Dittmer's prices. If you wish your Wax worked up into Founda-
tion for cash, we will receive same and furnish you the Foundation from our stock, which
will save you much time and freicht.

THE BEEiAND HONEY COMPANY, BeeviOe, Bee Co., Texas.

VIRGIHIA QDEERS if'rJoit:iiiT:ri

of careful seleciion from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.

17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

f lease mention Bee Jonmai -wnen -vrltuis.

^'A«?KS?5*?T'f.ou'lfr?. ??*ffl=rre
size, good layers ol finest eggs.
Hardy and fearless, the best all
nrpose fowl. Willow legs and
tay eyes. Illustrated circular,
26t6year. H. H. FLICK.
MANCHESTER., Md.
Please mention Bee Joomal when writliia

Q Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

I OUR HI^sTES AMD SEOTIOIsTS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and- Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFQ. CO., New London,Wis. us a

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

OF

*^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A, S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, III.

380

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25. 1905

B66=SUDDll6S!

Discount for Earlu Orders

We carry a large stock and
grreatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the I,OW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Freb Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massle Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AncNript; —TrpstKr Suoolv Co lilncoln.Neo. ; Shngart & Ouren, Council Bluffs.Iowa;
Pnl^n^ A Fofd Garden Cit? Kan -'l ^H^^^ Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

.w"X„stonSt'!:fanAStonio;Tex':-' KRETCHMER MFQ. CO.. Red Oak, Iowa.

Diumer's Foundaiion is me mi

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase over 1903. - j. 'i

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

6ftR-L0flDS

of Lewis' B-Ware come to our city for distri-
bution. We carry a large stoclr which enables
us to make immediate deliveries. We invite
your Inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Davenport). Iowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Alf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

tS'J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.
oiease mention Bee Journal -when writing.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFlELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., riarshfield, Wis.

rj&ase jnentiou isee jnoumal "wlien ■wmtine

and cut out a piece the size of the top-bar,
only a shade thicker, so we can wedge the
frame. Then cut a piece a half-inch thick,
and nearly the length inside ttie frame, and
nail it on the tirst piece so the edge will come
nearly to the center of the top-bar. Then the
foundation will be in the center of the frame,
then wedge so the top-bar will fit up to the
last piece. The foundation can be set on the
bar and pressed down tight with the fingers,
60 the melted wax will not run under it. Then
take a frame and foundation in the hand, and
hold it at an angle of 45 degrees, more or less.
Take a spoon and dip up the hot wax. We
soon learn the proper amount, and put it at
the upper corner pouring it out so it will run
down the corner of the frame and wax. It
soon cools. Then turn the frame and serve
the other side in the same way, being careful
to keep the foundation resting on the wire
when turning. Patience and perseverance
soon enable one to make a good job.

We prepare a quantity of foundation, one
side of which must be made straight with a
straight-edge, and a hot knife out of a frying-
pan of hot water. Heat the wire-imbedder
in the same place.

We never were so well prepared for swarm-
ing-time as we are now, having done all our
work of making hives and frames, and wiring
and putting in foundation last winter. The
bees are late in commencing to swarm here.
In the orange orchards they were swarming
several days ago.

It my description of putting in foundation
will help out some beginner in beekeeping I
shall be satisfied. A. B. Carpenter.

Tulare Co., Calif., April 28.

Putting Out Cellar-Wintered Bees

The spring problem with cellar-wintered
bees has been sol ?ed by me in the following
way :

Seven years ago I put some bees out on
March 23, to save them. They did bo well
that I have ever since put all the bees out the
first fine day in March, with very good re-
sults, compared with the years previous to
that time, when I waited for settled warm
weather.

I made a bad-weather case by sawing a
large shoe-case through the center, after nail-
ing laths on each side of the proposed cut. I
then put 4 to 6 feed-sacks over each hive, and
put the case over all. Close the entrance all
but a small space, and all is well.

The cases and sacks are also used in cold
weather to get the bees to stay in supers one
night. At the time of our harvest in the fall
the nights are f o cold that every bee will leave
the supers, and I can lift them off in the
morning without escapes, leaving me with
thin and uncapped honey.

John J. McRat.
Ontario, Canada, April IM.

G. B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

Wecarry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundation Cutler free with tach order, if you state where juu saw this ad.

NORRiS & ANSPACH, Kenton, Ohio.

White Clover, But No Nectar

Bees are doing poorly. They wintered well
and built up well early in the spring, but they
have been living on stores they had from last
fall or what has been furnished them in the
shape of combs of honey saved over tor the
purpose of feeding from last year. There is
lots of white clover in bloom but it seems
there is no nectar in it. May be when it stops
raining every few days the bees will do better.

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP.

St. Louis Co., Mo., May 16.

t3Atf

Balled, Queens— Values the Ameri-
' _ can Bee Journal

I have been trying to get some new sub-
scribers to the Amencau Bee Journal, but
every one 1 spoke to side-tracked me in some
way. One man laughed at me and asked me
if I believed there was such a thing as foul
brood. , ,

On March 13 I visited a man who was tak-
ing out honey. I asked him if he was not
robbing the bees, but he said that the bees
would never eat all that honey, and besides
they could live all right from now on, any
way. He had about 40 colonies in box-hives,
and was cutting down into the brood. It
looked to me as though he needed the Bee

May 25, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

381

u

DADAST'S FOMDATIOI"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

##^«^

- ^ BEE-SUPPLTES « ^

OF ALL KINDS.

~ITT»v^

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

.«l''- .■A*. .*%''■ .«'Air,

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

For Queens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, SI; Untested. 75c; 5 for §3.25; 10 for
$6; 15 for $8.25; 25 for $12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
<iolonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacriflce.
— {Prov. 3:21.) 6Atf

cisase mentloD Bfla joom^ 1^1160 \rrltiji£

On6-Pl6C6 Sections

"Columbia Brand"

Strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBlfl MFG. GO. ^""^li^-

r^eaee mautlOD Bee Journal ■w^nen wntmfc

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

\f so, we can fill your order with the best
-Queens that monej can buy. Try our strain of
S-band Italians; they will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$8 per doz. Tested Queens, 1 each. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoRKAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

Please mentloii Bee Jonmal \rbeii -nnltliuri

Journal, so I gave him one, and told him how
it taught us of the decided advantages of the
new hives over the box-hives. He said he had
been getting along with his bees for about 20
years without the help of a bee-paper, and
guessed he didn't need any.

For the last 12 years I have been a black-
smith, and in the spring of 1903 I bought 4
colonies of black bees from one of those hap-
hazard bee-keepers. They were in some kind
of movable-frame hives, but the comb was
built in all kinds of shape. 1 wanted to Ital-
ianize them, but waited for them to swarm. I
sent for a couple of queens — first subscribing
for the American Bee Journal — cut out the
crooked combs and divided 2 colonies. I then
got a bee-book and went to work. But I want
to say that I give one copy of the American
Bee Journal the whole credit for saving the
life of one of my queens. Every time I looked
into the newly divided colonies after putting
in the caged queens, I hoped to see the queens
crawling around among the bees. At last the
bees freed the queens and balled one of them.
Now I was at a standstill, and started a letter
to one of my friends to find out what to do.
As luck would have it the Bee Journal came
that night, and 1 began to look through it
when I noticed a heading about balling
queens. The good man that wrote it told how
to drop the ball in a pan of water to get the
queen out. I could hardly wait until the next
morning, when 1 'baptized" that ball of bees
in great style. 1 got the queen, and put her
on the top-bar, aiul that was the end of my
trouble in introducing. I worked after the
instructions of tho Bee Journal and "ABC of
Bee Culture," and built my 4 colonies up to
13 last year, have brought them through the
winter in good condition, and they are work-
ing nicely. J. D. Pasi^ay.

LimestODe Co., Tex., April 3.

Bees Dying fFom Cold and Starva-
tion

I do not say thure are no bee-diseases, but I
do think that here in the Northern States
bees die more from freezing and starving than

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. A 1 1 queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $1.10

One tested queen 1.50

One select tested queen. . 1.6S

One breeding queen 2.75

One comb nucleus (no
queen) 1.40

Untested ready in May ; all
others ready now from last
season's rearing.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. L. SXRONO.
ao4 Bast Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jomraal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross in case complete
in S-gross lots, $4.00per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New Torlc. If yon want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 4, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Pliase mention the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over ^ of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

ISAUt FREMONT. MICH.

Please mention Bee Joumal
wlieti writing advertisers.

382

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25. 190S

York Honey ^I^pIly- Co.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

141 & 143

Ontario Street,

CHICAGO,
ILL.

5 short city blocks north

of the C. &N.W. R.R.

passenger station.

H. M. Abnd, Manager.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

LEWIS' GOODS IN CHICAGO.

Best and most direct Shipping Point
in the World.

We have on hand a large stock of

Lewis' Popular Bee-Snpplies

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases—

everything used by the practical, up-to-date bee-
keeper.

Catalog: and prices on Honey on application.
If you want 6oo<l Ooods at Factory Prices and

Prompt Siiipnient, send your orders, or call on us. u

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking
Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

Langstroth on me
mm Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $] .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 T)earborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

MountUnionCoileoe

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class repntation. 2S
Instructors. Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COUjEGE,
AUiaace, Ohio.

ntfT^

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.

Try Taylor's 3 banded leather-colored and 5-
banded Golden Queens — the best honey-gather-
erers in America. Untested, 75c each, or fS per
dozen; tested, $1, or $10 per dozen; select tested,
I $1.50 each; breeders, the best, $3 each. I have
been breeding queens for 17 yearp, and I know
what a good queen is. No small queens sent
out. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

to SJ'Ba.C IS o% g mojj ists\ pmf ^
3 ItiQ oo aaAa^ i

a

Put'dlSJS, 'S3, "Ua & 1«U3

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir;— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

THE ELGIN HIVE

That's the hive which can be knocked
down and put up by any one in a few
minutes. No nails or dovetails needed.
Iron attachment holds the same to-
gether perfectly air tight, and keeps it
Irom warping. Send for Circular. Ad-
dress, a. H. KIENZLE.
E. end Kimball St. Bridge, Elgin, III.

from any disease. This has been my expe-
rience tor 20 years.

One year in Pierce Co., Wis., I lost my bees
in the cellar ; they were smothered to death.
In the winter of 1903-04 I lost over 100 colo-
nies from no disease, but from freezing and
starving, as I bought them alter they were
prepared for winter, and did not know they
had been robbed of stores. The past winter
I kept only 35 colonies. When 1 took them
out of the cellar they all seemed to be in tine
condition. After they had been out about a
week I noticed a lot of bees of one of the col-
onies were dead. I opened the hive and found
they had nothing to eat. I gave them honey,
which cured the disease in 5 minutes. I be-
lieve it is with bees as with other animals —
they must have good care and plenty of stores
to winler safely through the severe winters
we have in Minnesota.

I know of a farmer that drove his cattle out
to a rotten straw-stack every day in the cold-
est weather. Late in the winter a lot of them
died, then he wrote to the State veterinarian
to find out what kind of disease they had,
when they actually starved to death 1 1 think
that is the trouble with some bee-keepers.
They write to find out what is the matter with
their bees when the only trouble is that they
are freezing or starving to death.

Nels Christensen.

Crow Wing Co., Minn., April 24.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Severe Winter— Honey to Displace
Other Sweets

The past winter was very severe here in
Southern Missouri. We had snow for two
months, and the season seems to be two weeks
later than usual. Bees gathered the first pol-
len on March 23, and last year it was March
7. We did not have much of a honey-flow
last year — the spring was too wet and rainy —
but as I belong to the Bee Journal school and
family, I secured from 12 colonies §25 worth
of section honey and S gallons of extracted
for family use. I don't know how the com-
ing summer will be, but I think it may not be
any worse.

This is a timber country. I believe every
farmer could keep at least a few colonies of
bees for home use. That would teach them
to get used to honey instead of sorghum,
which most people use nowadays as a sweet.
To create a greater demand for honey I be-
lieve there should bea start made on the farm.

In a country across the Ocean there are peo-
ple who use no other sweet than honey. It
is a small country in Bulgaria. Sugar is not
found in the stores anywhere. Farmers or
peasants bring honey to town and trade it for
what they need. Every farmer, teacher, and
preacher keeps from 15 colonies up, accord-
ing to the size of his farm. The people are
very much interested in bees, and raise sweet
clover, which produces the most honey there.

I believe the farmers and bee-keepers in this
country would do well if they would try more
of the clovers like alsike, alfalfa, etc., which
will increase the honey-flow.

I make my own hives, as the freight charges
are too high to have anything shipped. I buy
only sections.

1 wish the American Bee Journal many new
subscribers. John Zieka.

Texas Co., Mo., April 35.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clippiti_'
Device Is a fine thing for use ia
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
, New subscriber to the Bee Journal
|for ayear at $1.00; or for ?1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
aEORQB W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO. ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

May 25. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

383

B66§UPPli6S I

Guaranteed Superiority !

LowesRrices

We have been making- Bee-
Hlves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. luusTRATED .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best mag-azine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER
MFG. CO..

JAnESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When conslgniiig, bnying or selliag, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 SOUTH Water ST. Chicaqo. III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one-piece Sections, Comb Foundation,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Bees and Queens for sale
in season. A. W. SWA.V & CO., Centralis, Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

STANDARD

Poultry AND

Rp^ SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

griggsTbros,

521 Monroe Street,
TOrjEDO, - OHIO.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COKPLETE STOCK FOB 1905 NOW OH EUD.
FBEIGBT BITES FEOM CIDCimiTI IBE TEE lOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

It^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER -r

Office ind Salesrooms, 2U6-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, May 8.— With April about all the
trade ia comb hooey ceases so far as this mar-
ket is concerned; occasionally a case sells, but
no lotSf so that prices now are practically with-
out change, pending- the new crop. Extracted
is exceedingly slow of sale; white ranges from
55ira7c, and amber SJ4@6c, according to flavor,
quality and package. Beeswax in active de-
mand at 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, May 8. — The demand for honey
has increased quite a bit since our last quota-
tion, which is due, probably, to the concessions
made in prices to affect sales, as well as the
awakening of the spring trade. We quote am-
ber extracted honey in barrels at 4>i(^6!^c, ac-
cording to quality. White clover and fancy
extracted honey at 6@7Hc. Comb honey has
seen its season. Beeswax 29c cash.

Thb Frbd W.Muth Co,

New York, April IQ.— There is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only. Beeswax firm at 30c,

HiLDRBTH & SbOBLKEN.

Philadblpbia, May 8.— The season is about
over for the sale of comb honey. There are so
few sales that the market is not established
enough to quote price. Extracted honey has
met with some demand, and prices are as fol-
lows: White, 6fa'7c; amber, 554@6c. Beeswax,
28 cents.

We arejproducers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Boston, May ".—There is no change to note
in the condition of the honey market from our
quotations of April 24.

Blake, Scott <& Lbb.

Kansas City, May 12-— The honey situation
is a little stronger, and there is but little honey
left in the baud of the dealers. Best honey
bringing from f2.25to$2.50 a case; amber at
from 25@S0c a case lower. Extracted, 4H@6c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, O., rJay IS.— The large slock of
comb honey yet offered with hardly any de-
mand causes lower prices. I quote fancy water-
white at 12c; ovUer grades lower. In proportion.
Extracted is in usual demand for this season
of the year. We quote white clover 7^Sc; am-
ber in barrels ai 5!;'^5}ic; in cans, 5^@6 cents.
Beeswax, 28c. -- vC H. W. Wbbbb.

Albany, N.Y.» Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12(§»13c;
mixed, lO^'llc; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6Hc; white,
6@6!igc. Buckwheat most In demand, as the
Jew sh people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, May 3.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber,8®10c. Extracted-
white, 5H@6 cents; light amber, 4@5c; am-
ber, 3@3J6c; dark amber, 25^@3c. Beeswax-
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@2Sc.

The steamer City of Peking, sailing Saturday
last, took 85 cases for Belgium. Movement on
local account is light. Buyers are holding off,
anticipating arrivals of new crop at an early
day.

MouttleI

Partner telling his
best girl about the
fine

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one of their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

llDtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee J9iinial -when irrltlii^

1 0-Page Catalog Free!

4^

^* KuII iiii<iir[mti()n regardlnK all kindsof BEB-
KKBl'EliS' 8111'PI.IES. Best goods. l>atesl Im-
proveiuent.H, I>;ui/.enbaker Hives and Fiiturea'
Prompt sliipmunis. JOHN NEUEL & Son Sdpply
Co., High mil, .110, 3Dit

ITAI IAN Q>->^^N8 AND NUCLEI.-
IIMLIMIl Lnicsted Queens, *l; Tested, (2;
Select,f3; IJicediugQaeens^Sj; 2-frame Nucleus
with C>ueea,$3..'5. Address all orders to
B. T. QReaORY. .
2lAlt BstviLLE, Bee County, Texas.

384

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

May 25, 1905

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WIS*

fl n

IWATEfiTOWN,

MAKES THE FINEST

3j^^3S^=^i^j^s^s^^^»j^j^^^aes<ss<ss«

To the Bee-Keepers' Happiness are
found with every

Lewis Shipment

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

MAKES THE FINEST

LEWIS S8

1. Good Goods

2. Prompt Service
3. Fair Prices

4. Accurate Count

ss LEWIS

»-i-4
»-!-4

Above is uu iKuslration of our regular 2-story Dovetailed Hive, including two full-sized bodies with deepllrames for extracting.

This is only one of the many styles described in Catalog.

OUR AGENTS ARE ALL HEAVILY STOCKED

And Can Ship the Same Day a; A! a: Send to the Nearest One

Full List Given in Onr Catalog

FREE ON APPLICATION g

BEWARE

where: you buy your

BEEWARE

MAKES THE FINEST

Q. B. Lewis Co.

Manufacturers
BEE-KEEPERS' SIPPLIES

Watertown, Wis. ^^^

BEWARE

where you buy your

BEEWARE

MAKES THE FINEST

l''^

^%?.

'«fi*77

^ce Journal

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK L CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 1, 1905

No. 22

386

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1, 1905

REAR QUEENS

It is not as difficult as many imagine. An instruction book and one of our
Outfits, and you can supply your apiary and your neighbors at a profit. A
good Queen is the key to a good honey crop. See to it that all your colonies
are queen-right.

ROOT
QUEEN-REARING OUTFIT

In~this outfit are embraced the best points of the best sys-
tems in USB. It will give satisfaction to the amateur as well
as the expert. The cell-cups are made of wood, wax-coated.
No melted wax is used in their manipulation, as they are at-
tached to the cell-stick by means of a small nail-point.

The nursery cage combines the features of nursery and in-
troducing cages. By their use a queen can be released on
the candy plan or caged in the hive as desired.

In connection with the outfit goes a booklet on queen-
rearing — one which ought to put the veriest amateur on the
high road to success. Outfit comprises 3 cell-bars with 50
waxed wooden cells, one frame cages, (20) ; one cell-form-
ing stick ; one set grafting-tools, and a book on queen-rear-
ing, $4.50.

Wood cell-cup, with point for attaching to bar, 50c per
100; ¥4.00 per 1000.

Same, waxed, ready for use, 75c per 100; $6,00 per 1000;

Tltoff wire nursery-cages, 15o each; $1.35 for 10; $12.50
per 100.

Frame for holding 20 cages, including cages, $8.00.

Cell-stick, each 10c; $1.00 per dozen.

Transferring-needle, double-ended and nickel-plated, 15c.

Jelly-spoon, nickel-plated, 15c.

We can supply, also, fine-pointed lace-scissors with extra
large bows, for clumsy fingers, at 35c each.

Modern Queen-Rearing:

A booklet of 34 pages, giving full description of methods
used^by the A. I. Root Company. You can not afford to do
without this book if you rear queens. Price, 15c postpaid.

I>oolitlle on Queen-Rearing

The old standard. Price, $1 00 postpaid.

Note. — These goods and books are for sale by all dealers
in bee-keepers' supplies, and furnished at wholesale and re-
tail by The A. I. Root Company.

SWARTHMORE
QUEEN-REARING OUTFIT

Prices of Complete Outfits:

Outfit No. 1—ExpertzneiMtal, posfpn/d, $1.50

1 Cell-bar 1 Holding-frame

16 Waxed flange-cups 12 Transfer-cages

Outfit 2Vo. 2— Amateur, postpaid, 9S.50

2 Cell-bars 1 Needle 18 Transfer-cages

35 Waxed flange-cups 1 Holding-frame 1 Cell-stick

•5"!-

Ourfit 2Vo 3 — Profeasinnal, by freli^bt or ejc-

press, ^7,50

2 Blank bars

3 Holding frames
1 Cage-pocket

1 Grafting-plug
10 Comp. mating-boxes
1 Bar-holder
1 Swarm-box with lid

2 Cell-bars

1 Incubating-cage

1 Grace cell-compressor
100 Flange-cups

2 Swarth. nursery-cages
34 Transfer-cages

1 Needle 1 Stick

*-5-
SMrartiiniore Uooks

" INCREASE " tells how to form new colonies without
breaking up working colonies, postpaid, 35 cents.

" BABY NUCLEI ;" how to mate queens with a mere hand-
ful of bees, 50 cents.

' CELL-GETTING," 50 cents.

Pricea of Separate Porta

Bar-holder $ .10

Blank bar 05

Bottle feeder 10

Bulb filler and feeder 75

Breeding-queen hive 1.00

16-hole cell-bar 10

Cage-pocket 25

Flange-cups, unwaxed, Ic each ; per 100 75

Flange-cups, waxed, 2c each ; per 100 1.75

Grace cell-compressor, each 1.76

Grafting-needle, each 15

Grafting-plug, each 10

Grafting-stick, each 10

Holding-frame, each 10

Incubating-cage, each 35

Mating-boxes, complete, each 20c ; 10 1.50

Nursery-cages, complete, waxed cell-cup 35

Nursery-cages, no cups 35

Swarm-box, with lid 1.00

Swarm-box lid only 25

Trap-box 50

T stands, each 10

Transfer -cages 10

Post
extra

4cents
4

9

14

14

1

1

1

5

7

12

5

4

- THE A. I. ROOT COHPANY

'^ HEDINA, OHIO

BRflNGHES : GhicaQO, 144 E,. Erie St. PhiladelDhia, 10 Vine St. New York, 44 Veseu St.

mi

i'-AM'-*!

9>&&&&&&&&&&&&&&^e'&^&&^&&&&&&&&f»-&&&&^.&&®®&&

Entered at the Post-OfiBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter,
HiiltliMlied ^Veekly at 91. OO a. Tear l>y <Jeorge 'W. Tork & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE 1, 1905

VoLXLV— No.22

The American Bee Journal is absolutely an independent publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves to be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 4Sth year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during its long and honorable history.

(Sbttortal Hotes ^ (Eommcnts

\»

=\

j^

First National Bee-Convention

Dr. G. Bohrer, on another page, gives a
most interesting account of the first attempt
to organize a bee-keepers' association in the
United States. Being a member himself he
speaks as an eye-witness. He gave something
along the same line at the opening of the St.
Louie convention last September, but the re-
porter failed to get it. We regretted it very
much, as it was an extremely interesting ad-
dress, and being of historical value we felt
that it should have been preserved. So,
afterward, we requested Dr. B. to write it out
as nearly as he could recall, and so we have
it for our readers this week.

In addition to the contribution by Dr.
Bohrer, he has kindly furnished a picture of
a group of men who helped organize the first
bee-keepers' association in America, which
we present on the front page. We believe
the only members of that group that are still
living are Dr. Bohrer, of Kansas, and M. M.
Baldridge, of Illinois. If any of the others
are still with us, we would be pleased to an-
nounce it.

We are sure Dr. B.'s article will be greatly
appreciated by all our readers.

The Honey-Producers' League

We believe that so far practically all the
bee-papers of this, continent have approved
this new organization in the main. Of course,
it would be expected that some of the details
would not suit all, though the few objec-
tions that have been advanced by some are
not insurmountable, but can be met and cor-
rected later on. What we mean is, that any
slight defects in the constitution or manage-
ment of the League can easily be rectitied at
the annual election next March, if by that
time it is thought best to make any changes.
What is needed now is to put the League in a

position to do some effective work for bee-
keepers before, or by the time, the new honey
crop begins to come on the market. If dur-
ing the next 30 days a sufficient number of
bee-keepers would send in their annual dues,
the Executive Board could plan a great adver-
tising campaign that could be put into active
operation so as to prepare the public for the
reception and consumption of this season's
crop ofhoney about as rapidly as it comes on
the market.

We may say that practically all the United
States bee-papers have published in full the
Constitution and Prospectus of the League,
just as we gave it on page 259.

The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee had this
to say about it :

The latest candidate for favors among the
bee-keepers of the United States is The Honey-
Producers' League. Its object, as expressed
in the Constitution, is to create a large
demand for honey by popularizing its use
among the consuming public through adver-
tising in newspapers and magazines its great
value as a food, and by such other methods
as may be considered advisable by the Execu-
tive Board. Alsu, by publication of facts
concerning the production of honey to coun-
teract any misrepresentation of the same

The aim of the Liague is a good one, and the
indications are tliat it will receive the hearty
support of the leading bee-keepers of the
United States.

Editor Craig, of the Canadian Bee .Journal,
in his May issue, writes as follows:

The Honey-l'roducers' League, recently
organized in the ( nited States, is, we believe,
going to be one ut the most useful movements
yet inaugurated among bee-keepers. We un-
derstand that lur the present at least the
effort will be CHuuined to the United States.
Perhaps by and l' the organization will see
its way to extcii.; its border and take in
Canada. At any itile, we will be helped in-
directly. SomelhiLig of this sort may perhaps
be taken up in connection with our Ontario
Association. If lace permits we will next
month give the td of the Prospectus and
Constitution.

" A Tork County Bee-Keeper," in the same
paper, expresses himself thus:

When reading over the Constitution of The
Honey-Producers' League, the thought came
to me, "They can fight successfully honey
adulteration, but how are they going to get
at the producers of unripe honey?" While
this organization has plenty of difficulties in
the way, 1 think the one mentioned will be
one of the most formidable. What's the
matter with The Honey-Producers' League,
anyway* We think it a splendid idea, and
hope that in some way arrangements can
be made for us Canucks to take part in the
benefits. What say you, brethren?

Surely, such expressions of confidence and
encouragement are appreciated, and should
result in bee-keepers coming forward with
their dues and thus aid in the proposed effort
to help themselves through a general adver-
tising of honey among the public.

On another page of this number Mr. .1. E.
Johnson offers some good suggestions and
friendly criticisms. We hope his whole arti-
cle will be read carefully. What the bee-
keepers in his locality propose to do about
selling their honey crop should be followed
by the bee-keepers of every locality. And
that should be done itt addition to the
advertising that the League is organized to do.

Mr. Johnson seems to think that the or-
ganizers of the League have made some mis
takes. But let us see about that.

First, we think it is not likely that a bee-
supply manufacturing concern that does a
business of say S100,000 or more a year, is
going to raise prices in order to pay its
small annual dues as members of the League.

As to what Mr. Johnson thinks is a second
mistake, we may say that the League has not
definitely decided to offer a .?10,U00 reward. It
may offer none at all

As to the third mistake, there is no danger
of starting out too big in the advertising line,
for even SiiOOO would be too small an amount
with which to do big advertising. But we
must start in a way that will impress the peo-
ple that bee-keeping is more than a two-by-
four business. And then, having started
the advertising it should be continued several
months iu succession in each publication
used.

It may not be known to many, but a single
cream separator firm spends over $50,000 a
year in advertising; several single poultry in-
cubator firms spend $10,000 or more annually.
We believe iLere is a certain stock food firm
that spends over $100,000 a year in advertis-
ing. A ful'-iJtigcadvertisement in the Ladies'
Home Joi::- . : .:osts about $4000 for just one

388

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1, 1905

time. But it goes every month into over a
million homes. Think of it ! But the League
would perhaps take only about one-eighth of
a page in that Journal, if it went into it at
all. It would not pay to take say a one-inch
space in such a publication.

Let us assure bee-keepers that the Execu-
tive Board of the League will not do anything
rash, or without due consideration. They all
desire only the best interests of the pursuit of
bee-keeping, for, their own success, like that
of the honey-producers, depends upon the
prosperity and success to be derived from the
production and sale of honey.

Use of Springs In Supers

Super springs are found on the list of bee-
keepers' supplies; but it is doubtful that they
are used as generally as they would be if their
advantages were known more fully. The
common way of wedging up a super of sec-
tions with a straight stick may seem quite
satisfactory to one who has never given the
matter much attention, because when the

wedge is first put in the sections are pressed
together very tightly— more tightly, indeed,
than the springs — but sections have a way of
shrinking, especially when wet before being
put together, as so frequently they must be to
prevent breaking, and so it often happens
that by the time the supers are put on the
hives the wedges have dropped down. Springs
accommodate themselves to this shrinking of
the sections, and although the pressure is not
quite so much, there is no entire cessation of
pressure as with the wooden wedges— if
straight sticks can be called wedges.

Another thing : There is no little variation
in the size of wedge needed, and it is not
convenient to have wedges of varying size;
the result is that some supers are too loosely
wedged, and some so tightly that there is
danger that the supers may be pulled apart at
the corners; the springs accommodate them-
selves to these different sizes.

The springs are easier put in ; easier to take
out.

It is an easy thing to try springs in a few

supers. If they prove an advantage the num-
ber can be increased.

The First Convention of Bee-Keepers Held in the United States

of America

BY DR. G. BOHRER

During the summer and fall of 1870 the mat-
ter of calling a convention of bee-keepers of
the United States and Canada was agitated,
and resulted in the decision that it should be
held in the city of Indianapolis. It was held
Dec 21 of that year. Mr. N. C. Mitchell, who
was then publishing what was known as the
Illustrated Bee .Journal, in Indianapolis, was
oneof the prime movers in arousing interest
in favor of a convention of national character.
His efforts were seconded by such men as
Adam Grimm and A. H. Hart, of Wisconsin ;
E Rude and A. F. Moon, of Michigan; Elisha
Gallup, of Iowa; M. M. Baldridge,ot Illinois,
and others of that State whose names I can
not now recall ; Aaron Benedict, of Ohio ; 1 .
R Allen, of New York; Dr. Hamlin, of Ten-
nessee; Gen. D. L. Adair and J. H. Nesbit, of
Kentucky; Mr. Atkins and his wife; and Mr,
Scofield, Mr. Barber and myself lent the
movement our support in Indiana. There
were some others in Indiana who favored it,
and Seth Hoagland and R. Bickford, of Penn-
sylvania, also supported it. R. C. Ous, ol
Wisconsin, attended the convention. He wis
the owner of much of the territory covered by
Mr Langstroth's patent. He came to ex-
amine the different hives there for the pur-
pose of finding out if any were infringements
on the Langstroth invention, and nearly or
quite all were, although but one or two of
the exhibitors in attendance would admit it.

A delegate to this convention from Utah,
whose name I have also forgotten, purchased
100 colonies of Italian bees from Mr. Grimm
while at the convention, paying him -¥1500 for
them. This was probably the largest deal in
bees that had ever occurred in this country
up to that time.

At this convention A. F. Moon was elected
president, and I think there was also a secre-
tary elected— M. M. Baldridge. of Illinois.
The proceedings of this convention were simi-
lar to those of bee-keepers' conventions nowa-
days, except that verv little was said about
hives, further than to agree that to success-
fully manage bees the combs must be mov-
able. There was, however, quite a feeling of
anxiety on the part of most of the owners of
the different patterns of movable comb hives,
it being generally believed that the presence
of Mr. Otis meant unfriendliness toward them,
which might end in prosecution for infringe-
ment on the Langstroth patent, which Mr.

Otis then controlled in most, if not all, of the
States and Territories.

On motion of R. C. Otis, Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth was made an honorary member of the
Association.

During the afternoon of the first day's pro-
ceedings a telegram came to the convention
from H. A. King, of New York, which read
as follows, or nearly so:

" Officers and Members of the Bee-Keepers'
Convention at Indianapolis, Ind. : — You are
earnestly requested to meet with your bee-
keeping brethren at Cincinnati, Ohio," — giv-
ing the date, which, I think, was in February
following. The convention then in session
was called the " North American Bee-Associa-
tion."

Mr. King was the maker of the " Ameri-
can " hive, and while he was selling a straight-
out infringement on the Langstroth patent,
he had not admitted it up to that time, and
was selling more hives than any other one
dealer in the country. He was a most per-
sistent advertiser, and sold a bee-book which
was quite a help to the beginners in bee-
keeping.

After some discussion it was decided to
accept the invitation to attend the convention
at Cincinnati.

Mr. King's reason tor not attending the
convention at Indianapolis came out in the
following statement, which he made through
the press :

" The convention has been called to meet at
Cincinnati because it is centrally located, tree
from local influences, and near the home of
Mr. Langstroth, whom we want present."

Most of the bee-keepers at the Indianapolis
convention were friends of Mr. Langstroth
and his invention. Mr. King knew this, and
also knew that most of those that were not
were friends to the " Buckeye " hive, of
which Mr. N. C. Mitchell was the inventor.

When the time for the election of officers
for the ensuing year was announced, Mr. Otis
moved that in view of what Mr. Langstroth
had done in promoting the interests of bee-
keeping, not only in this but in other coun-
tries, he be crowned with the honor of being
the President of the North American Bee-
Keepers' Association for the ensuing year.
The motion was warmly seconded, and Pres.
Moon was authorized to east the unanimous
ballot of the Association for him.

Mr. Langstroth was present at the Cincin-
nati convention, also H. A. King, A. I. Root,
Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, and nearly all who had
attended the Indianapolis convention. A
motion was made by Mr. King on the second
day of the convention that the bee-keepers
present be requested to donate a liberal sum
of money to Mr. Langstroth. I opposed the
motion on the ground that it would be humili-
ating to the man who had done so much for
the interests of bee-keeping, and that every
one who was deriving benefit from his inven-
tion had not paid for the right to use it, as I
had done, or Mr. Langstroth would not stand
in need of donations from any source. I also
stated that I had not to exceed a thousand
dollars with me, and might run short of funds
in case I gave Mr. Langstroth such a sum as
all present ought to give if the benefit was to
amount to much. Rev. F. W. Clarke, of
Canada, supported my statement, saying that
he had heard something about Mr. Langstroth,
and that among other things he had learned
that a number of persons had fared sumptu-
ously as a result of having sold to a great ex-
tent hives that embraced the Langstroth in-
vention, and suggested that they be requested
to disgorge and divide profits with Mr. Lang-
stroth, which would probably relieve his
wants. This about killed the donation move,
and Mr. A. I. Root afterward wrote that at
the time he censured me for having blocked
this move, but that after more mature thought
he concluded that I was not far wrong.

After a two days' session devoted princi-
pally to the usual subjects, this convention —
called the American Bee-Keepers' Association
— adjourned to meet one year later at Cleve-
land, Ohio, it being agreed by the bee-keepers
that they would meet at the above-named
city at the same time and place, disband as
separate organizations, and organize as one
body. There was no cause or feeling of any
sort to prevent such a union, as the masses of
bee-keepers had no bone of contention. The
feeling that existed between King, Mitchell,
and other patent-hive men was left for them
to adjust either in the courts or among them-
selves. Mr. Quinby, the author of " Mysteries
of Bee-Keeping Explained," was present, and
was made temporary chairman. The late
Capt. Hetherington, of New York, and Dr. J.
P. Kirtland, of Cleveland, were at this con-
vention, and also Prof. A. J. Cook, then of
Lansing, Mich., but now of California. Dr.
Kirtland was one of the first men of talent
and rare scientific acquirements to make note
of Mr. Langstroth's invention, and call public
attention to its great worth.

I made a motion for the election of a treas-
urer, which was seconded by Prof. Cook, Rev.
F. W. Clarke, and others. It was antagonized
by Mr. King, on the ground that it was likely
to result in loss to the members, and that at
best it would involve a membership fee. This
last statement was a cunning dodge, and was
largely shared in by the bee-keepers present,
so that the motion was lost. I then moved
that a record of the proceedings of that con.
vention be kept, and that they be published.
This motion was carried without opposition-
then questioned the convention as to where
the money was to come from to defray the
expense of publishing the proceedings. At
this stage the motion to create a treasury
department was about to be renewed, when
King again came to the front and stated that
he would publish the proceedings free of
charge. He published a periodical, the name
of which I do not remember, and on the
strength of this offer received a number of
subscriptions. One year later this new or-
ganization (now called the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, if memory serves me
correctly) met at Indianapolis. This was
during the winter of 1872-73. I never at-
tended another meeting of this body until the
fall of 1904, at St. Louis, as I moved to Rice
Co., Kans., in 1873, and kept no bees from
1873 to 1903.

Mr. Langstroth did not participate very ex-
tensively in the discussion of subjects brought
before the convention. He was depressed in
spirit to quite an extent, owing to the recent
death of his son, James Langstroth. Besides,
he could not have been very favorably im-
pressed with the motion that was made to
collect money from the liee-keepers present
for his benefit — that is. it he knew about it.

June 1, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

389

He was not present when the motion was
made. He afterward wrote an article con-
cerning proposed charitable donations for his
benefit, that had anything but a friendly tone.
He was not at the Cleveland convention — in

fact, I never saw him after the Cincinnati
convention, which occurred not very long
after the Cleveland convention. He wrote
me concerning the loss of his wife, when she
died, and during 1873, 1 think, he wrote me

from Washington, D. C, stating that Mr.
Samuel Wagner, then editor of the American
Bee Journal, had died that morning of heart
disease. This was the last time Mr. Lang-
stroth ever wrote to me. Rice Co., Kane.

4- (£ontrtbiitcb ^-
Special Ctrticlcs

^

=/

"The Honey-Producers' League," and Why
It Should Be Worthy of Our Support

BY J. E. JOHNSON |

HAVING sent in my dues some time ag^o to become a
member of The Honey-Producers' Leag-ue, I would like
to offer a few sus^gestions and criticisms.
Tiie I/eague was organized very suddenly, the bee-keep-
ers not being consulted or even notified, and thereby not
being permitted to offer any suggestions or having any say
whatever as to who should be the officers, and are asked to
contribute their dollars to help advertise honey, but have
no voice in the matter of how it should be done. I don't
believe the organizers of this League can blame beekeep-
ers very much if they think as I did when this was first
brought to my notice. In fact, it seemed to me that these
men did not think the bee-keepers knew enough to do busi-
ness for themselves, but would contribute their money if
they furnished the brains and carried the money-bags.
However, I am personally acquainted with Mr. York, Mr.
Hutchinson, and Dr. Miller, at least to the extent that I am
sure they were doing what seemed to them to be necessary,
and I am sure they all have the interests of the bee-keepers
at heart. No better men could have been chosen on the
Executive Board.

Let me give an account of some experiences I have had
in organization.

Five years ago I began trying to organize a farmers'
mutual telephone system in this locality. I first began talk-
ing it up among neighbors. Oh, yes, it would no doubt be
a fine thing, but they would not take one just yet. Some
would not be on a line that had any other 'phone on, and
each had an idea of his own as to how a line should be con-
structed, and nearly all differed from each other and from
me. I had spent considerable time and study on the tele-
phone question so as to adopt the proper method and be
sure to get started right.

Well, I finally appointed a time for meeting, notified all
my neighbors, and we met, that is, 10 of us did, but we
could not agree on many points, so it was decided to have
another meeting, and in the meantime we would all seek for
more information and get others to come.

At our next meeting there were only 5 present, and some
lived nearly 10 miles apart, so it all fell through, and they
gave it up. But I was determined to get the thing started,
so I went to a telephone constructor and made an agree-
ment with him to furnish everything except poles, and
build the line complete and install 'phones for 525 each,
providing I could get subscriber^ near enough together so
that each subscriber should furnish 16 poles, 60 steps apart,
and thus pole the line.

I then went to my neighbors with a contract to that
effect, and I guaranteed them that if after having the
'phone 30 days in their houses it proved unsatisfactory,
they need not pay a cent.

Well, at first only 6 'phones were installed, but the sys-
tem has now grown to something over 200 'phones, and we
have absolutely fret service with something like 2^ "00
'phones. We now pay only $2.00 per year at our lijrae
switch. Even the large cities are willing and anxious to
give us free exchange, as they charge the city people 15
cents when they call us up, so they make money in that
way. We just got a letter from the Peoria Indeperi<lent
Telephone Company, and they want to exchange with us,
and I don't think any one of us would give up his 'phone
for £100.

Now, I did not do all this myself, but I hit the ball the
first real hard lick, and it has been rolling ever since. The
organizers of The Honey-Producers' League have hit the

ball a whack in their own way, and it has begun to roll.
Let's help it along.

To the bee-keeper with from 20 to 100 colonies, I want
to say your dues are not very much, and if you are bene-
fited only a very little you will receive more than you give.
And the specialist with 500 to 1000 or more colonies should
not hesitate to pay his share pro rata, as he is in a critical
period. If we have a big honey crop this year, with prices
already very low, and lots of old honey left over, where will
you be ? It is very much harder to get honey to take a raise
in price than it is to let it go down.

We have a bee-keepers' association in this locality
called The Western Illinois. It has been growing in mem-
bership and interest ever since it was started, and our next
meeting will be Sept. 20, at the Court House in Galesburg,
Ills. We expect to discuss the honey-selling problem more
than any other question at our next meeting. It is our in-
tention to make arrangements to get the merchants to
allow us to display our honey to the best advantage in their
stores. The daily papers have sent their reporters to our
convention each time, and have given a fine report of it,
with large head-lines on the first page. They have treated
us well, and we intend in turn to treat them well, and shall
do some advertising of our home product. We shall wait on
the merchants and get them to handle our product first, and
if they refuse to do this we shall put a man in the field to
canvass our honey from house to house, and sell in case lots
in this and other cities, if we have an abundant crop (and
indications are quite fair for an abundant crop).

A few years ago there was lots of honey shipped from
Chicago to these small cities, but it will be the duty of our
association to help sell our own crop first. Many other
localities are forming local organizations and will adopt
similar plans, perhaps. Thus Chicago and other large
cities will not buy nearly so much honey, as it has been
customary for Chicago firms to sell honey to many smaller
towns in this and adjoining States. If the demand becomes
less in the large towns, and the supply of honey should be
large in the Western States this year, what will be the re-
sult ? And I would say to the specialist, as The Honey-
Producers' League offers an opportunity where both the
specialists and the small bee-keepers can join hands and
help each other in this matter, don't neglect your duty, but
let us all pull together now, and at once. You with 1000
colonies are asked to contribute $50. That seems a great
deal, but SO bee-keepers with 20 colonies each, also con-
tribute $50, and they probably all sell aU their honey to
neighbors, and near home, while you put nearly all of your
honey in competition with others.

'To the officers of the League let me say that I have
read very carefully the account of your Chicago meeting,
and the regulations or by-laws adopted, and as written by
Mr. Hutchinson, and, in my judgment, one of the most un-
wise things in it is that you decided not to advertise until
the treasury contained $5000, although you all admit that
work in this line is urgently needed at once. This seems to
indicate your lack of confidence in the bee-keepers them-
sclvcSi

Don't blame the bee-keepers if they think in return that
the supply manufacturers expect to make a future raise on
supplies in order to get the money back they have con-
tributed. A small raise would more than make it up. That
would throw all the expense on the bee-keepers, with the
manufacturers carrying the money-bag and using as he or
the Executive Board sees fit. The manufacturer contributes
one-fifth of 1 percent. The bee-keeper is asked to contribute
$1.00 per 20 colonies, which, counting colonies to be worth
$3.00 apiece, is one percent, or five times the rate of the
manufacturer. So, don't hold too tight a grip on that
money-bag, but get to work and show the bee-keepers what
you can do, and they will give this cause their general
support. .

Mistake No. 2 is for an organization with a capital of
$5000 or less to offer a 810,000 reward, or twice as much as
they have on hand. That is too much on the ciire-you-right-
away plan. Mr. Hasty's plan, as given in his " After-
thoughts," is certainly a much wiser one, and worthy of
consideration.

Mistake No. 3 is to pay bit' money for a half-page
advertisement in the daily newspaper with big letters, as if
the people were all deaf. Don't start Ottt too awfully big.

390

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1, 1905

Start moderately, and spend the greater part of the money
after you have become accustomed to the harness, so it will
be used to the best advantage.

The men who started the L,eague are deserving of
praise. We surely must adopt up-to-date methods in find-
ing a market for our product, and I am sure the leaders in
the League are safe men to tie to, and if they had not
started in their own way probably nothing would ever have
been accomplished. They offer to do this work without sal-
ary, and I think we should not hesitate to pay our allotted
share.

There is a growing antagonism between bee-keepers
and bee-supply manufacturers ; also between the small bee-
keepers and the specialists. This should not be so. And
now, as the manufacturers have planked down their money,
and invited the bee-keepers and all to join in and aid the
cause of the most importance to bee-keepers, let us all meet
each other half way. We are all interested in the welfare
of the bee-keepers — all rests upon the proceeds of the honey
crop.

Probably my criticism has been rather plain and to the
point, but it is meant for the good of all.

Knox Co., 111.

Some Remarks on Wintering Bees

BY HENRY ALLEY

ABOUT this time of the year the bee-keeper can go into
the apiary on warm days on a tour of inspection, for

the purpose of seeing where mistakes were made in
preparing his bees for winter.

A few colonies will be found that have perished from
starvation, not because the combs were not filled with stores
the previous fall, but because the bees clustered too near
one side of the brood-nest, and during a long, cold spell
could not reach the food stored in combs at the opposite
side of the hive.

Very large colonies are not apt to be caught in such a
trap, but the weaker ones, if they happen to cluster in the
early winter at either side of the brood-chamber, almost in-
variably die from this cause. Sometimes the bees select
the combs for wintering and clustering upon that contain
the least honey. There is but one way to help the bees out
when this is likely to happen. Remove the empty combs at
the side of the hive, and replace them by inserting full
combs— that is, alternate the full and light filled ones so far
as they will go. This work, of course, should be done as
soon as the bees cease to store fall honey, as it can not be
safely done during cold weather.

As soon as the honey-flow is over, bees should be packed
for winter, and not disturbed thereafter.

A good way to winter bees is to let them alone from
November to April. I mean by this, that under no circum-
stances should the interior of the hive be disturbed. Hardly
anything can be done during cold weather that will in the
least be beneficial to the colony, unless it be to carefully
clear the entrance of the hive of dead bees.

Now a word about snow around and over the hives.
During the winter of 1903-04, here in Massachusetts, we
were buried in snow for four months. I spent much time
digging the snow away from the hives, especially around
the front ends, thinking each time that a warm day would
soon come so that the bees could take a cleansing flight,
which they seemed much in need of before the winter was
half gone. But the warm day did not come — not one favor-
able day from December to March 20.

The mistake I made that winter cost me the loss of
inany colonies of bees. During the past winter, instead of
di&ffing' the snow away from the hives, I spent my time in
that direction in covering the entire hive with snow. In
doing this I paid no attention to the entrances of the hives,
but tried my best to seal them all up as tight as a fruit-jar.
When the warm days came, which was Jan. 1 and Feb. 21,
I dug the snow away from the fronts of the hives and gave
the bees a chance to fly all they desired. Result, bees came
through in fine condition.

In the spring of 1904 the best colony I found was in the
yard of a man some six miles from my place. This colony
was a swarm hived in a shallow hive-cap the previous June,
then the box was placed upon two sticks of wood and
directly upon the ground. This box of bees was not seen
by the owner from November to April 10 the following year,
and the hive contained nearly bees enough to swarm.

If a good, big blizzard comes your way, and covers your
hives all over, my advice is to let them alone. Colonies in

that condition need no attention, and will surely come out
all right when spring opens.

As a matter of fact, a good colony of bees needs but
little packing to insure safe wintering. All should use
hives having outside or winter-cases, and then the snow
can do the bees no injury. Some coarse material, such as
burlap, over the frames is about all the protection needed in
winter. Upward ventilation without much draft is a great
advantage to the bees.

I recently read in the American Bee Journal' a good
article from the pen of Mr. Latham. I can not agree with
him that a large entrance is sure to winter bees. The large
entrance is all right, and actually necessary, but many
other things are required to insure their safe wintering.

Two years ago I purchased 10 colonies of bees from a
woman in a near-by town. When I packed the hives, I re-
marked to the lady, that, had those bees been in my yard
the previous winter they would have died, as I did not see
how the bees got out of and into the hives, as the only en-
trance I saw in at least two of them would admit of only
one bee at a time. Yet those 2 hives of bees were in as
good condition as any of the 10 colonies.

I took the bees home, and during the summer managed
to enlarge the entrances of all the hives. The next winter
was the hard one of 1903-04, and notwithstanding the fact
that each hive had a large entrance, several of those colo-
nies died ; but the loss was not caused by the size of the
entrance. It was dysentery, caused by poor food and long
confinement.

Bees having poor stores for winter must have frequent
flights, or many of them will die.

As a rule, I have 'found that 100 days, or three months,
is about as long as bees, either on the summer stands or in
the cellar, can stand confinement here in Massachusetts.

There is within a half mile of my apiary 200 acres of
goldenrod. Just so sure as the weather during the month
of September is dry, warm, and pleasant, the combs in all
my hives will be packed with fall-gathered honey. The
quality of such honey is not first-class, certainly not for
winter food for the bees. Frequent flights of the bees in
winter generally bring my bees through the winter safely.
When long confined, say of two months' duration, if entire
colonies do not die, the hive is greatly depleted by the bees
continually getting out when the sun strikes the hive dur-
ing the warm part of the day. From this it will be seen
the importance of darkening the entrances with snow, or
in some way to keep the bees quiet.

A good queen put in not later than Aug. 1, plenty of
good honey, the hive well prepared for winter, and absolute
quietness, will generally bring a colony safely through to
spring. Essex Co., Mass., March 18.

#

How Bees Find a Future Home

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

DO bees select a future home before swarming?" is a
question frequently asked. As this has quite a little to
do with a start (to many) in the bee-business, it might
not be amiss to talk about the matter a little.

My opinion is that where one colony knows where it is
to go before it swarms, five know nothing of the kind. The
reasons for such an opinion are based on the following :

First, the majority of swarms cluster within 2 to S min-
utes after coming out in the air, and then send out scouts to
find a place to go for a home. This is easily proven by
allowing a swarm to hang on a limb for 2 or 3 hours. Now
take them from that limb or place, hiving them a rod or two
away, and you will find from 10 to SO bees hovering around
that limb for from hours to days. I have often seen them
about such a limb 3 days after such swarm had been hived,
while, if the swarm is hived at once, no bees will be seen
hovering about the limb 10 minutes after the swarm has
been taken from it.

Next, I have known of swarms hanging on limbs 2 or 3
days at a timet till they have built quite a little comb there,
and then go off to a tree, or into some old empty hive that
had been left standing in some apiary. From my own
observation and that of others with whom I have conversed
in this matter, five out of every six swarms alight and send
out scouts in search of a suitable place for a home. If the
scouts fail in finding such a place within 2 or 3 miles of
where the swarm is clustered, the swarm moves off from 4
to 10 miles, when they cluster again, and again send out
scouts, thus clustering and sending out scouts until a suit-
able place is found for a home. If a rainy day or two comes

June 1, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

391

on while they are clustered out on a limb, they build some
comb ; and if the weather is warm, and plenty of honey is
found near when it clears up again, they may cease to look
further for a home, making a home of a limb, rearing brood
and storing honey, the same as if in a hollow tree, a cleft
in the rocks, or a hive ; for the cases are by no means iso-
lated where colonies have been found with plenty of combs,
brood and honey for wintering, with nothing to shield them
from the elements save the twigs and the few leaves above
them. A few years ago a friend living in New Jersey sent
me a queen taken from a colony which was found in October
having combs and honey enough for wintering on the un-
derside of a grape-vine. And she proved a queen above the
ordinary value, too, living and doing good work for 2 years
after I received her.

But there are colonies which send out scouts to look for
a future home before said colonies swarm, as is often proven
by swarms going from the hive to such selected home with-
out clustering at all, or staying not more than 10 or IS min-
utes after clustering. When but a boy I remember seeing
bees searching all up and down the body of large trees, and
wondered what they were doing, and later on I saw quite a
number going in and out of a hole in a very large tree that
stood on the edge of the woods near where we had a field of
corn in which I was at work. And this continued for sev-
eral days, so that I shonld have thought there was a small
swarm in there had it not been that the bees worked through
that hole only from about 9 a.m. till 4 p.m. A few days
later a swarm came from one of the few hives which my
father kept at that time, and went straight to this tree with-
out clustering at all.

About this time a person about 4 miles from me pur-
chased some Italian bees, the first that had come into this
part of the country, and, being interested in the same, I
often went to see them. One day, on going to see him, he
told me that at an out-apiary which he was working, which
contained only black bees, he had noticed in the forenoon
Italian bees at work cleaning out an old hive which was left
there by the person of whom he bought the bees, the same
having some empty comb in it. As this was something new
to him, he seemed considerably excited over the matter, and
said he should keep watch and see what became of it. I
was also much interested and told him what I had seen, as
related above.

The next time I went to see him he told me that the
bees which he saw cleaning the hive were his own, as a few
days later a swarm came from one of his Italian colonies,
and, after circling around a few times, they started off in
the direction of this out-apiary. Having a fleet horse near
at hand, and being a fearless rider, he jumped upon it, and
in a moment was going at railroad speed for his out-apiary,
arriving there in time to see his swarm rushing pell-mell
into the hive that the bees had been cleaning out. As he
kept the wings of all his queens clipped, he knew that he
could soon tell for a certainty whether these were his bees
or not, although he had no reason to doubt that they were ;
for if they were, he had their queen at home in a cage, and
sooner or later they must return to her unless they had come
across some queen in their flight. In about half an hour
they became uneasy and began to leave the hive, seeing
which, he returned home only to find them coming back and
running into the hive from which they went, and clustering
about the cage containing the queen which he had left at .
the entrance of the old hive. Wishing to see more of the
matter he liberated the queen, allowing her to return back
with the bees. The next day they swarmed again, and
again went to this hive at the out-apiary, the same as be-
fore. This they kept up for 4 or 5 days, the bees going to
that hive which they had cleaned out, without clustering at
all, each time they swarmed. After he became satisfied
that colonies did select a home before they left their old
home, and becoming tired of having them swarm so much,
he divided the colony, thus putting a stop to their swarm-
ing.

A neighbor to whom he told this circumstance, took
advantage of it by way of procuring some hives and a few
frames of empty comb, which he placed in these hives and
put them in trees and out-of-the-way places, till he soon had
an apiary of his own, without even so much as hiving a
single swarm.

Bees seem more inclined to go into places where there
is a little comb than into places with no comb ; but where
comb is left in hives for such purposes, said comb must be
free from pollen and spread well apart, or the moth will lay
eggs in them, and they be eaten up with worms unless the
bees happen to take possession of them before the larvas of
the wax moth do. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Unreliable Bee-Information

A gopd friend in Michigan sends a clipping
from that excellent periodical, The Epworth
Herald, which emphasizes anew the fact that
it is not a safe thing for any other than a bee-
paper to publish matter about bees without
first submitting it to some practical bee-
keeper. The article is styled, " Safeguarding
the Queen," is reliable in the main, and writ-
ten in an interesting manner, but some of the
items would hardly be endorsed in their en-
tirety by a two-thirds vote of the sisters. For
example :

" Indeed, it is practically impossible for an
intruder to enter a strange hive without dis-
covery. And discovery means instant death
and dismemberment."

And yet thousands of bees, upon returning
from the fields, have entered wrong hives and
received a Itindly welcome. Did any of the
Bisters ever observe a case of " dismember-
ment," as mentioned?

" These honey-gatherers are not permitted
to feed the queen direct. When they enter a
hive they must give a mouthful to two drones
waiting on guard. If the sample proves sat-
isfactory the bees carry the nectar to the
storeroom, where it is mixed with what the
other worliers have gathered. When the hive-
cells are full, the workers and drones sample
the mixture again, and then seal up the cells."

That leaves.us^alljlagapeifor fuller informa-

tion. During the weeks when no drones are
in the hive, what is done with the mouthful
that should be given to the " two drones
waiting on guard?" What weapons of offense
or defense do those " two drones waiting on
guard" use? "If the sample proves satis-
factory the bees carry the nectar to the store-
room," but if ;thB "two drones" do not 0. K.
it, what is done with it? Is there not danger
that the "two drones" will be overworlied
when the workers are pouring into the hive
with their loads at the rate of a hundred or
more in a minute! When the cells are full,
and the mixture is sampled again, do the
same " two drones " do the second sampling?

Other questions may be asked when the
foregoing are answered.

An Austrian Sister "Skirts" Bees

The following account of what one of the
sisters did in Austria is from the American
Bee-Keoper :

" Jungklaus also telle how a young woman
captured a swarm of bees. Being on a tramp,
she found a swarm of bees hanging on a bush.
Wishing to secui u it, she took off one of her
skirts, tied up uiie end, and, by the help of
sticks, spread it out in such a way that she
could hive the swarm into it. After the bees
had all moved in, she tied up the other end of
the skirt and thu; carried the swarm several
miles to her home. (' Well done.') "

We have twice had a somewhat similar ex-
perience. Once on our way to the Hastings
apiary — which is about 5 miles distant — when
about half way there we were offered by one
of the neighbors a small swarm of bees which
hung on a willow-tree by the roadside. Dr.
Miller thought it would not pay to bother
with tliem, as we had no way of carrying
them, when I suggested my bee-hat — a broad
brimmed straw-hat with a veil sewed around
the outer brim, having a rubber cord run in
the lower edge. He rather thought it might
work, and as the bees were hanging on a con-
venient lower limb, we commenced operations
at once.

Dr. Miller trimmed everything down as
close to the swarm as possible, then carefully
cut off the limb with the swarm, and while I
held the hat upside down and stretched the
rubber cord as much as possible, he slipped
the swarm inside, while the veil was secured
about the limb above the swarm, and we
started on our way once more, 1 carrying the
swarm by the end of the limb. When we
reached the apiary we got a hive full of
empty combs ready and let the bees run in,
and I once more had possession of my hat.

Once later, when we had occasion to hive a
small swarm at some distance from the Wil-
son apiary, we used the hat again in prefer-
ence to carrying a hive that distance.

Wintering Bees— Good Prospects

I want to report on my good luck in win-
tering the bees last winter, as it was very cold.
I was away from home last fall when I ought
to have been packing my bees, so I left them
on the summer stands. The stands are from
S to 24 inches from the ground. I lost 3 colo-
nies out of 31, so I now have 18, all in good
condition. Tlie 3 that died were late swarms,
and they did not store honey enough to feed
them. We did not have a very good honey
crop last season. A hail-storm ruined the

392

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1, 1905

first crop of alfalfa. I got 500 pounds of
comb honey, amd increased from 14 to 21
colonies. We have a good prospect for the

season, if all goes right. Success to all bee-
keepers. Mrs. Ben Ferguson.
Ford Co., Kans.,May 8.

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

AMOUNT or CAPPED SECTION-COMB SURFACE.

Some of our expert answers to questions
are a little depressing to the apicultural
student by the amount of disagreement in
opinion which they show. The student afore-
said m;iy be reassured by the answers to ques-
tion 25. Out of 39 respondents 22 either say
the whole surface of a section should be
sealed, or all except the cells next the wood.
None of the other respondents lean in any
other direction very strongly. One answer
would tolerate 15 percent unsealed in seccmd-
class honey ; another would allow 5 percent
in first-class; and that's about the extreme in
that direction. Page 293.

CHEAP SECTIONS— FOUL BROOD.

"Lickin' good, Sal, why don't you get you
some?" — as the bumpkin remarked to his girl
about the stick of candy he purchased.
Greiner's worse than that. Sal could, and
probably did, buy the stick of candy ; but we
can't buy a nice supply of two-dollar sections
to be kept as an emergency reserve.

Sure enough ! If our appointed eradicators
of foul brood at times become distributors of
foul brood, and carry it into territory pre-
viously unpolluted, it surely becomes us to
" look a little out." Page 294.

A CORRECTION ABOUT PROF. HARRISON.

Lumber and literature both liable to
"nots!" In the former always detrimental;
in the latter often beneficial. Vide the not
that turned up missing in the first line of my
third caption, page 296. Also, when the knots
of lumber drop out they always leave a hole
to tell the tale ; but no hole is left to hint that
Prof. Harrison is not the objectionable bee-
doctor he is there alleged to be.

NOTICING " STRANGE " BEES.

The phrase, " I have noticed strange bees,"
seems to suggest that a less careful observer
might have failed to notice them. That
would hardly be the case with an onslaught
of robbers. The peculiar language made me
wonder a little it " Illinois " was not mistaken
about what he saw. Possible to mistake ex-
tra-faithful guards for robbers. Sometimes
guards galore get well out on the alighting-
board, running at every bee that alights,
saying, " Halt, there, and give the counter-
sign." And the bee thus rudely collared says.

" I haven't the last countersign with me; but
here's something just as good;" and there-
upon uncorks something from the inside
pocket. Page 297.

DAUGHTERS OF BEST QUEENS AND OTHERS.

The fact Dr. Miller alludes to on page 297,
is one of the most trying ones with which we
have to deal. Left entirely to herself, the
best queen in the apiary will die and leave but
one daughter; while the most undesirable
one of all will leave a host of daughters. If
it wasn't for this one ugly fact one might
almost object to breeding queens, and advo-
cate systematic letting alone.

WEAK NUCLEUS BUILDING WORKER-COMB.

"Curls!" Curious how much we don't
know— some of us. Dr. Miller says, on page
313, that a queenless nucleus will build
worker-comb if weak enough. I wonder
greatly why extreme weakness should make
such a change— in a rather mysterious thing.
In my journeys through the forests of Igno-
tum, I don't think I ever encountered that
little fact before. Thanks, Dr. Miller !

PREPARING FOR SWARMS THAT DIDN'T COME.

So E. Tucker made lots of hives to be pre-
pared for the excessive swarming of his Car-
niolans — and not a swarm for two years. I
suppose that that quaint proverb, " The un-
expected always happens," applies a little
more frequently to bee-keeping than to almost
any other vocation. Page 317.

ADVERTISING HONEY IN CANADA.

The great publications of the United States
have many readers in Canada, I believe, while
Canadian publications circulate but little here.
It follows that when honey comes to be
advertised heavily the Canadians will have
" a soft thing of it;" can just do nothing,
and in so doing get a good share of the re-
sults. And if they choose to organize and
put some ads. in their own papers, it will
come in as additional and cumulative, and
count much more than the same would if put
in just now. They're all right anyhow. And
also our folks were right in not trying to run
two nations in the same advertising League.
Otherwise they would have speedily heard
that the Canadian [newspaper] widows were
neglected in the daily ministration. Page 323.

/T

Doctor irtillcr 5 Qucstion^Sox

^

\=

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does tiot answer Questions by mail.

J'

I

Starters— Fastening Foundatlon-
Palnting Bottom-Boards

1. In Bulletin No. 133, Department of Agri-
culture, telling about the value of foundation
in comb-building, only one end of the starters
is fastened to the sides of the section. Is this
best, or should it come against both ends? I
bought some super foundation the other day
that measured 14><x3i;j inches, and as I use
43^x4}^ plain sections, it will not nearly make
4 starters, the width of the section.

2. How does the Parker foundation fastener
fasten one-inch starters to sections, that is,

are they held by wax or simply pressed against

the sides!

3. Is it best to paint the bottom-board all
over, or only that part which the bees do not
come in contact with?

4. Does it not need anything to keep supers
and covers from blowing o2 of dovetailed
hives? Missouri.

Answers. — 1. If a single starter is put in a
section, it must be fastened only at the top.
If fastened only at the bottom, the foundation
is likely to sag enough to make it bulge out
to one side. Your foundation, when cut in
four pieces, will leave a space of about half
an inch at the bottom. The result will not be

much different if the sjiace were only half ss
much. But the better plan is to have a %-
inch starter at the bottom.

2. Simply pressed hard into the wood.

3. Usually only the outside part is painted.
It would do no harm to paint all, but the bees
are likely to paint their part well enough.

4. In the early spring, when bee-glue is
hard, if the hives are in a windy place, it is
well to have a small stone on the cover, un-
less the cover is otherwise fastened. At other
times there is no need.

Rearing Queens— Keeping Italians
Pure

1. When I wantito rear queens, and I put the
prepared cells into Titoff cages, do I put the
cages into a queenless colony, or is it all right
to put them in the upper story of a queen-
right colony?

2. After the queens are hatched out is it all
right to leave the queens in the cages in the
queen-right colony until needed?

3. How am I to keep my Italian bees pure?
Suppose I have two Italian colonies, and the
queens I rear from one colony are to be mated.
Do I have to take the virgin queen some dis-
tance away, and the drones of the other Ital-
ian colony with her, to be sure she is mated
with an Italian drone? Please describe how I
am to arrange the matter so as to be sure of
pure mating. Ontario.

Answers. — 1. They are more sure of
proper attention in a queenless colony.

2. No, before they are needed for use they
must be kept where they are free to fly out to
meet the drones.

3. You may as well make up your mind
first as last that under ordinary conditions
you can not be sure of keeping pure blood.
Some claim success by confining the queens
and drones during the hours of the day when
drones fly, and then by feeding to induce
flight at a later hour in the day. You can
succeed without question if you have your
queen beyond the flight of any but the desired
drones; but that means, according to some
good authorities, that they must be 4 or 5
miles away from other bees.

Indian Turnip

On page 312, there is a recipe for a cough
cure by W. T. Mundy. What is Indian tur-
nip? May be it is those roots we call Indian
potatoes, the stalks of which grow up to a
height of 3 to 4 feet, with yellow flowers on
top. Minnesota.

Answer. — No, it doesn't grow 3 to 4 feet
high; it is less than a foot high. It is a 3-
leaved affair, and the blossom and fruit have
over them a hood which gives the plant its
other common name, jack-in-the-pulpit. The
botanical name is ArUaema triphytlum. If
you bite a little piece of the bulb or root, it
doesn't seem just at first to have a very strong
taste, but after a second or two it begins to
bite and burn your mouth, and keeps it up in
quite a painful manner.

Wintering Bees-lO-Frame Lang-

strotn Hives—Shaken or

Driven Swarms

1. I am greatly interested in using the 10-
frame Ideal super as a hive-body for swarms.
Do you think I could winter a colony in one
of these 10-frame supers in this locality?

2. Would the 10-frame super full of honey
(it I used one super) be enough for them to
winter on, or ought I to leave enough empty
combs for them to cluster on?

3. I have lu-frame Langstroth hives. Do
you think I would do better with them in this
locality? There has been a very poor honey-
flow in the last 4 years.

4. I made a second drive of newly-hatched
bees last season, 19 days after making the
shaken swarm. After all of the bees in the
second drive had entered I placed an entrance
queen-excluder to control drones. The next
morning I found nearly all of the bees dead,

June 1, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

393

and almost completely clogging up the en-
trance. Do you think this second drive is a
success generally 1 Maine.

Answers.— 1. Two ought to winter well,
and possibly one might.

2. The one story ot frames filled with honey
would be enough, but a second story, or some-
thing in place of it, must be under to give the
bees room to cluster. I am not entirely sure
about it, but I think an empty super would
do without any combs in it.

3. You can try the change on a small scale,
making a comparison of the two side by side.

i. So far as reported, second drives are
usually successful. Your experience hardly
has anything to do with the success or failure
ot the second drive. The death ot nearly all
the colony would seem to have been due to
suffocation on account ot the entrance having
been too much closed, and it might have been
the same if there had been no drive.

Preventing Leaky Hive-Covers

We find it very difficult to keep our hive-
covers in a condition so that they will not
leak. If you know of any paint, or other
preparation which we can use to prevent the
leakage in question, please give directions for
its preparation. Michigan.

Answer.— It is a very difficult thing to
make a cover water-proof with any kind of
paint it there are joints or cracks in the cover.
The better way is to cover the wood with
something that will not leak. Some of my
covers are covered with a paper and the paper
painted; another lot is covered with tin and
painted ; and what perhaps is the best,
another lot is covered with zinc, unpainted.
How long the last will do without paint I
don't know.

Putting on Supers— Feeding Bees-
Queens Humming

1. When shall I put on the first supers?
The colonies have much brood now.

2. What time will the bees swarm this
month, when the brood is as much in my
hives as I mentioned above?

3. I am still feeding them equal parts of
sugar-water, and they take it all. Is this
right?

4. What makes the queens hum so loudly
for about 5 minutes at a time, then rest a lit-
tle while, and begin again? Wisconsin.

Answers. — I. When you see bits of very
white wax plastered on the top-bars or upper
part of the combs. Or, as you are in a white
clover region, watch sharply for the very first
white-clover blossom that puts in an appear-
ance, and put on supers a week or so later.

2. I don't know; and your telling me that
they have " much brood now " does not help
very much to decide. But it is not at all im-
probable that they will not swarm at all in
May, the month in which your questions are
written. You can only tell anything in ad-
vance about their swarming by looking in the
hives and seeing when queen-cells are started.

3. It will probably do no harm, but it ought
not to be necessary to feed when fruit is in
bloom.

4. I don't know; I never before heard of
anything of the kind.

Strengthening a Weak Colony

How would it do to set a weak colony of
bees in the place of a strong colony, so that the
worker-bees of the strong colony would go
into the hive ot the weak colony, thereby
strengthening the weak colony?

California.

Answer.— The plan is hardly advisable on
account of danger to the queen from the en-
trance of strange bees. A safer way is to
take a frame of brood with adhering bees
from the strong colony and give it to the
weak. I have given hundreds of frames of
brood in that way without injury to the
queen. An entirely safe plan, and one that

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THE nODERN FARflER,

ST. JOSEPH, MO.

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THE DftNIELSON GO., Jamestown, N. Y.

14C3t Mention Bee Journal when writing.

1 1-2 STORY

S-frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-way su
pers, $1.00. No. 1 Sections, $4,00 for 1,000. 24-lb.
Shipping-Cases, $13.00 for 100; 12 lb., $8.00 for
100; 20-lb. Danz ., $11.00 for 100.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc., by the Car-Load. One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free with orders of $10 or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W. D. SOPER,

lOCtf RT.3. JACKSON, MICH.

Please mention Bee journal when -WTitiiiB:

BARNES' FOOT POWER MAGHIRERT

Read what J. I. PARENTjOf
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
TOtt say It will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F, & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

is very little trouble, is to exchange a frame
of sealed brood for one containing unsealed
brood and eggs, of course taking the mature
brood from the strong and giving to the weait.

BEES

FOR Owner
<% A I ^ Leaving
SALE Texas

Has listed us with 450 colonies of bees in 10-
frame dovetailed hives, fully equipped, high-
grade bees, already located. Will sell all or
part. Inquire quick.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.

(H. H. Hyde, Sue.)
20E2t S.\.N ANTONIO, TEXAS.

BKB-KKEPERS' SUPPLIES.

We are now atl'- to quote lower prices than ever
before. Hiu'hest iiiiality euaranteed. Wehandlethe
G. B. Lewis Co';* k:<)ods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives. Send for my 8H-page Catalog, and
leaflet for beKinmrs. They are tree.

44Btf W. .1. MCCARTY. EmmetsburK, Iowa.

flDiarujor Sale

In one of the best locations in the United
States, both as to hooey and market. No one
need write me about it unless they mean busi-
ness, and have at least $700 cash to out in the
business. Address, w. S. MITCHELL,

22A4t MnsKOi.EE, Ind. Teb.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Separators— T Supers

1. Do ji>u use separators between two bee-
way sections, and if you do, what kind of
separators !

3. Are you still using the old T super?

I am using 4J^x4J^xl% two-bee-way sec-
tions, with top and bottom starter, without
separators. This is my second year ot bee-
keeping. Illinois.

Answers. — 1. I use loose wooden separa-
tors one-sixteenth inch thick.

3. I am still using the T super, after having
tried others. For home use you need no sep-
arators. It you pack in shipping-cases, you
will need them. Even in the home groceries,
unless you use separators, you will find the
grocers, in handling, will break the cappings
more or less.

Sulphur for Mice in Cellars

Will sulphur hurt the bees if I sprinkle it
in the cellar in the winter to keen mice out?
Minnesota.
Answer. — Not a bit.

Prevention of Swarmlng-aueenless
•Colony-Increase-Transferrlng

'1. I am a beginner, and have 8 strong colo-
nies in good hives. I have timber work, to
which I am afraid I will be obliged to give my
attention the last ot this month and all of
next. I don't know how to manage the bees
to keep them from swarming during the day,
as I leave early in the morning and get in
about S or 9 o'clock at night. I furnish tim-
ber for a coal-mine which is shut down now,
but there is talk ot starting it up again, and if
this is done I can not watch my bees. Should
I neglect the timber I would lose more than
the bees are worth. How can I keep them
from swarming and getting away from me?

3. This spring I had a colony in a box-hive
which 1 transferred to a frame hive. I found
they had no queen, but a little brood all
sealed, and two queen-cells. This was about
the first of April. The queens hatched but
disappeared. The bees worked all the time
bringing in pollen, but tried to build cells or
cups tor queens. I let them go until about
the middle ot April, then gave them a frame
ot brood from another hive. They took care
ot the young bees from the eggs up to the
bees, but made no attempt to build queen-
cells. I tried another frame ot brood and
eggs. After a week I took a peep and hardly
knew the frame, as it was an empty frame to
start with, in each end of which I had fastened
two pieces ot comb. I then gave it a strong
colony which patched it up and built it about
half way down. The queen followed up
closely, and seemed to lay eggs in the cells as
fast as they were built. They had had it only
about :! weeks, and had it full ot brood and
eggs. I gave the frame to the queenless col-
ony (as before stated i, and after about a
week I took a peep, and to my surprise found
it built nearly to the bottom, the brood nearly
all out except a patch which was eggs when I
put them in, but no cells started. I gave
them another frame of brood and eggs and
left it 3 days, then took a peep, and just as I
expected, no cells were started. I think I
could have the patience ot Job if it were
necessary, but I thought I had fooled long
enough, and so put the frames back in the
other hives. Then I took the bottom off and
set them on nnother hive, aiming to unite
them. I had tried them with 3 frames, one
of brood and two of comb on each side to one
side of the hive, and had tried them with 4
and 5 with the same result. Why did not
these bees try to rear themselves a queen !

3. I wish to have as many colonies as pos-
sible to start with next spring. I have
thought of starting a number of nuclei, tak-
ing brood from old hives and building them

394

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1, 1905

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices.

Root's Smokers anfl Extractors, Dadant's Coml] Foundation, Bingliam Smote.

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freight paid to your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
each year into every State east of the Rocky Mountains ; let us ship to you.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order if Tou say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

E.waS!$t. Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writine

% No. 2 vs. No. I Sections I

;JJ When you buy No. 2 Sections you get quality equal to the average run of No. 1 i

Sections. You save a large amount of money in buying our No. 2 Section.

Our record is, that out of 1500 shipped to a customer, not one broke in folding. •
We know the making of Bee-Supplies from A to Z, and are equipped to do the

_ best class of work. We are in the heart of the market and can afford to sell at 25 '

;^ percent less than any other bouse. Try a sample crate. ,

JOHN DOLL & SON,

■.^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^\

LOSS BY LICE

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicnltnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

**Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

n poultry amounts to many times
the cost of liambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can he saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 oz.. by express. $1.00.
O. K. STOCK roOI> CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bide, ChicoiEo, 111.

We are

Manufactnrers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large quantity of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MOXDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and l!49 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

MAtf neane mention Bee Juomal \raen 'wrlttnc

up gradually as they yrow in strength, to
take care of the brood, and I have thought of
going through them each weeli to loolf for
queen-cells, and when I find them I will sup-
pose they are getting ready to swarm. Then
I shall divide them, giving one colony the
cells and the other the queen. And I have
thought of clipping the queens' wings so they
can not fly.

4. Neighbor No. 1 had neighbor No. 2 trans-
fer a colony about the last of May from a log
hive into a frame hive with a comb where
other bees had died from starvation, but he
did not transfer the brood. The bees left the
hive, and No. 2 says the bees won't stay with-
out their brood. Is he right? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. One way is to have queen-
traps on your hives, so the queen will be
caught when the bees swarm, and then you
can shake the bees on frames of foundation.
Another way is to go through your colonies
every 8 or 10 days, and shake the swarm when
you find queen-cells started. You may shorten
the labor by shaking the whole 8 colonies as
soon as one or two start queen-cells.

2. I don't know. I only know that some-
times bees refuse to start queen-cells, espe-
cially those that have been queenless a long
time. When a colony is queenless early in
the season, it is generally better to break it
up than to try to have it rear a queen. If it
does succeed in rearing a queen she is very
likely to be worthless.

3. It is all right to clip your laying queens
(of course not virgin queens), for then if a
colony attempts to go oil you can lose only
the queen, and not both queen and bees. You
can probably make your plan work all right.
Here's another way, one which will give you
increase and save watching for swarms: As
soon as the first colony starts queen-cells, go
to each colony, take away its queen with two
frames of brood and adhering bees, being sure
there is some honey in the frames, and put in
an empty hive on a new stand. A week later
take the old hive off its stand, and put in its
place the hive with the queen. Then divide
the old colony in two, and put each half on a
new stand (one of them may be put on the
stand from which you have just taken the
queen), being sure that each half has a good
queen-cell. If queen-cells are started in any
colonies before the queen is taken away, then
you must make the division sooner, or there
may be danger that a swarm will go oil with
a young queen.

4. A colony transferred without brood is
more likely to desert than one with brood. If
he transferred the bees into the hive, and then
set the hive just where the log-hive had been,
the bees would stay ever so much better than
if he set the new hive in a new place.

Place Your Orders Now.

ITALIAN QIEENS

EITHER GOLDEN OR HONEY QUEENS

Our Goldens will come up to any other Golden
Strain. Our Honey Queens are what some term
" Red Clover Queens." We always call them
Honey Queens.

Before July 1. 1 6 12

Untested Jl.OO $5.00 $ ^*.00

Warranted Tested 1.25 7.00 13 00

Tested 1.50

Select Tested 2.00

Breeders from $5 up. 1 6 12

2 frame Nucleus Ino Queen). 2.50 14.00 25.00

When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
price of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation. We
book orders for next season. Safe arrival guar-
anteed of all stock. We ask a trial order.

D. J. BLOCHER P^^ltL?'"^^'

tt5X, Do not send personal checks unless you
add 10 cents for collection. 16Etf

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

June 1, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

395

(Experiences

Bees Doing Well

My bees did poorly last season, but have
done well so far this year. They began
swarming in fruit-bloom. White clover is
very thick on the ground. S. G. Kiloore.

Madison Co., Ohio.

Selling Light-Welght Sections

The question of light-weight sections has
many sides. Some grocers about here much
prefer to buy comb honey in the case by
weight. Where the sections hold but 13 or
14 ounces they of course sell these same sec-
tions by the section. In this State to-day
grocers buy No. 1 white clover comb honey,
delivered, at 17 cents per pound by the oa.sr,
and sell by the .section at IS cents. The most
of their profit comes from the 3 ounces short
weight of each section sold. Last fall they
bought the same honey at the same price, and
sold it for 20 cents or 21 cents per section,
thus mailing a very good thing of it for them-
selves. Herbert W. Denio.

Hampden Co., Mass., May 8.

I

A Beginner's Outlook

I have just started in bee-lteeping, and have
35 colonies. I have the native bees crossed
with Italians. I have one colony that is extra
good. They resemble the blacks, except that
they are longer and are shaped more like a
queen. What kind of bees are they, and
what are their value? There are hybrids in
the same hive. They work better than any
bees I have seen, coming in heavily loaded
and they don't seem to want to swarm, but
are busy storing honey. I have given them
an entrance 'ixl3 inches, but they crowd that
space in going in and out. They are in an
old-fashioned box-hive. Christmas week it
weighed 106 pounds, the hive itself weighing
perhapsi25 or 30 pounds. I have placed this
old hive on top of a new one, and let them
pass through the new one to go up into the
old one. I think I can get them in a new hive
in this way without much trouble.

I have just sold some comb honey to a lady
whose home is in Birmingham, Ala. She said
she could not buy honey there, as what was
sold for it did not taste like honey, and the
comb seemed to be a good substitute for chew-
ing-gum, so she had to taste of my honey be-
fore buying It. She intends to ship some to
her children at Birmingham. She said she
was glad of the opportunity to purchase comb
honeylmade by tlie little bees.

D, R. Phillips.

JacksoniCo., Ga., May 16.

Dovetailed Hive— Making One's Own
Supplies

In reference to the talk between "A Reader"
and Dr. Miller, page 32il, I believe Dr. Miller
should have said the " Langstroth hive " in-
stead of the " dovetailed hive." He says that
custom makes the name " dovetailed hive "
apply only to hives containing frames l"°aX-
yJs, and that any other understanding of the
word " dovetailed hive " would throw out of
gear the catalogs and bee-literature in gen-
eral. According to this we have no " Lang-
stroth hive," the nearest approach to it being
a dovetailed hive having the Langstroth di-
mensions. If the catalogs and bee-literature
are at fault, they should right themselves.
The name "Langstroth hive" rightfully
belongs to the common single-walled hives
containing frames 17"''^x9^>,, whether the cor-
ners are dovetailed, halved, or otherwise. It
should be the pride of every bee-keeper to
perpetuate the memory of Father Langstroth.
How can we do this better than to have a
hive bearing his name?

For my part I want a real "Langstroth
hive" — a dovetailed or any other tailed hive

" If Goods are >vaiited Quick, send to Pouder " W

BEE-SIJPPLIES

Root's Goods aiRooi's rnces

Everything used by Bee- Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

One of those nice FLEXIBLE BEE-HATS included free with every
shipment, if you will mention it when ordering, telling where you saw
the offer. H^H^

WALTER S. POUDER,

X 513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

.^ti. .>'(i. w^. .<•■' >(' >>' >*>'' >*>' <it^' ->t>. >ti. .ii(i>. >t>. >ti. .<$-. it. >K <*' >(•' •tk i^- '^' >*''' >C'' ^t'. iit 1
■<#." rf." •'■♦.■ •»♦." 't^ ■^." ■<!»> '.t? '.f^ '.f? '.t^ •<•♦." '.t^ -li- ■■•♦.> ',t^ il," ■<•♦.■ i»,> '.f^ 'li^ -ttr i-tr itr -".tf T^ ■'

G6i Good Queens and Bees

It costs- uou no more

^^^^

We iurnish them on short notice

Untested, 7.5 cents each; S4 for 6; or $7. .50 per dozen. Tested, $1.25 each. Breeders, $3.

Nuclei— 1 frame with queen, Sl.oO; 2-trame, $2; 3-frame, $2.50.

Absolute satisfaction or no deal. We breed 6 pure races. Price-list describing them free.

We are agents for the Oittnier Comb Foundation for this State, and all that are
nearer us than them, at Dittmer's prices. If you wish your Wax worked up into Founda-
tion for cash, we will receive same and furnish you the Foundation from our stock, which
will save you much time and freight.

TEE BEEiAND HONEY COMPANY, BGeyille, Bee Co, Texas.

VIRGISIA QUEENS if'rc?^ii:iiryiifs

of careful selecuon from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Uutchinson.
Untested queens, T5c; after June 15, 50c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, 7Sc; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

Please mention Bee Journal wnen ■wrltina

BLACK BRlASTt »

•■ The KiNCi of t'(

S'*?a'*-

of I'oultr^-. " Large
size, good layers oi finest egps.
Hardy and fearless the best all
urpose fowl. Willow le^s and
lay eyes. Illustrated circular.
26tfiyear. H. H. FLICK,
MANCHESTER. MD.
Hease mention Bee Journal when wrlttaa

S Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-Ust. 0

ourHI'VES and SEOTIOIsTS |
Are Perfect In VVorkmanshIp and Material. Q

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and 0

secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. "s.a

Important to You

And Complimentary to Us

Is the fact that, after 20 years in the SUPPLY BUSINESS, the last year shows an

increase of 33 percent over any previous year.
Is there any bLiter proof than this, that we satisfy and please our customers?
We have the facilities, the experience, and just the kind of gocids you want.
They are the ItOOT GOODS, and we sell them at Des Moines at Factory Prices.
Write for estimate and discounts. We can save you money. Seud to-day for 1905 catalog.

JOSEPH NYSEWANDER yrs'W76Tw'7'thst.Des Moines, Iowa

8 &. St— 14 E.I

'▼-▼Tt

396

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1, 1905

B66=SUDDll6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a lar^e stock and
greatest varietyof everything-
ueeded in the Apiary, assur-
ing B EST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,NeD. ; Shngart & Oureu, Council BlufEsJowa ;
Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I, H. Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KREtCHMER MFG. CO.. Red Oak, lowa.

DiiiinBr's Foundation is me Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Gkaingkr & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

6flR-L0flDS

of Lewis' B-Ware come to our city for distri-
bution. We carry a large stock which enables
us to make immediate deliveries. We invite
your inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Davenoort. Iowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving- entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foQudatiou made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf • KNOXVILLE, TENN.

C^J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it.'*— A. G.
•^^lease mention Bee Journal "when -writing.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFlELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., flarshfield. Wis.

rioase menuon iiee journal -when -wntme

G.B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

Wecarry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundation Cutler free with each order, if you state where jou saw this ad.

does not satisfy me 60 fur as the name is con-
cerned. In short, let us not call it the "dove-
tailed hive," but the " Langstroth hive."

Mr. E. E. Hasty'6 article on the bee-supply
manufacturers' trust, page 248, is a stroke
straight from the shoulder, and it struck the
key-note. That there is such a trust most
bee-keepers know, and we should speak and
write of it in such a plain way that the trust
may know that we know it. " Actions speak
louder than words." Let those that can and
have the time, make their own hives, frames,
etc. This can be done in winter and on rainy
days, when there is but little else to do.

I started in bee-keeping in 1900, by buying
one colony of Italians in a box-hive. With
the exception of that box-hive I have never
owned a hive or a frame that I did not make.
I use the 8-frame Langstroth. I have two
small circular saws — one for cutting off and
one for ripping or cutting lengthwise. They
are run by hand-crank power. The hives I
make are halved cornered. The frames have
the double saw-kerf. With this outfit it is
easy to make hives, frames, covers, bottom-
boards, hive-stands, supers, section-holders,
shipping-cases, etc. In fact everything needed
except sections and separators. I am well-
informed on the prices of bee-supplies, and I
save money by making my own hives, etc.
L. V. RiCKETTS.

Whitman Co., Wash.

Fair Crop

Bees in Good Condition-
Last Season

Bees wintered poorly here last winter, my
neighbors losing from one-half to all of theirs.
I packed mine carefully last tall, and saved
38 of the 45 colonies that I packed in winter
quarters. What colonies I saved were strong,
all had plenty of honey, and have built up so
that they will be in good condition lor the
honey-flow when it comes.

I had a fair crop of honey last year, 38 col-
onies giving me ^iOO pounds of honey and in-

THE ELGIN HIVE |^

That's the hive which can be knocked ^

down and put up by any one in a few M

minutes. No nails or dovetails needed. K

iron attachment holds the same to- W

gether perfectly air tight, and keeps it <

from warping-. Send for Circular. Ad- M

dress, Q. H. KIENZLE. <

E. end Kimball St. Bridge, Elgin, III. W

19A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Cjno 00 J3A3ia| ~

a

13Atf

NORRIS & AMSPACH, Kenton, Ohio.

Plit'dlSTS, '82, '93 & l'M3 B

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

June 1, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

397

u

DADAST'S FOUNDATIOI"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

?i'?^^^

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES « ^

or ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

For Queens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for S3.25 ; 10 for
<6 ; 15 for f8.25 ; 25 for $12.50 ; 100 for «45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

f^naae mention B«e jotimal vrhen ■vnitauf

On6-n6C6 S6Cilons

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBIft MFG. CO. '"'^l^'

T^ease iDrtn,u.oD Bee Jourr^ai vrtien wntinfi.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If 80, we can 011 your order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3-band Italians; ther will not disappoint yon
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$8 per doz. Tested Queens, leacli. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoREAUViLLE, Iberia Par., La.

Please mention Bee Jonm^ -when wriUiur.

creasing to 4G colonies, but then I am the
only bee-keeper in this neighborhood who
takes any bee-papers or buys any bee-books.
D. E. Andrews.
Monroe Co., Ind., May 5.

Great Honey-Flow in California

We are having the ideal conditions for a
great honey-flow here at the present time.
I know a man who has kept a colony of bees
on the scales for years, and has the record
this year. He secured 22 pounds one day last
week, and 24 pounds the next day. We have
had some very warm days, and the bees have
been wild with their opportunity to work and
store. I have never seen the like of bloom
that DOW decks our fields, canyons and hills.
The black or ball sage is in bloom and the
white is just beginning to open. Both of
these incomparalile honey-plants give rich
promise of a great yield of honey this year.
The plants show a growth and vigor that only
our abundant rains will explain.

The salvias also are out in force, and are
very attractive to the bees. One of these.
Salvia oarduacea, is a wonderfully beautiful
plant, and I have wondered that it is not in
cultivation, the world over, for ornament. It
has a ball of exquisitely beautiful lavender
flowers, and the stem passes through this, and
then there is another ball of the bloom, and
so on there may be five in extreme cases. The
foliage is woolly, and the flowers are as fine as
any sage blooin that I have ever seen. The
foliage looks like that of the thistle, and
hence the scientific name which means
"thistle Salvia."

We have another Salvia of like habit, which
is far more common. Salvia columbarhe, and
though not as showy as the other, it is a good
bee-plant and helps the bee-keeper not a little.

We also have many phacelias, all of which
attract the bees and add to the stores in the
hives. I have wondered if we might not plant
more of the winter blooming acacias, and
eucalypts, so as to give more winter work for
the bees, and thus have brood-rearing com-

Bees,Q,ueens and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .90

One tested qneen 1.10

One select tested queen . . 1.40

One breeding qneen 2.20

One comb nuclens (no
queenl i.io

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. t,. SXR4»IVGi.
204 East Logan Street CLARINDA IOWA.
L4Atf Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one

fiound of honey net, one gross in case complete
n 5-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New Tork. If yon want
to secure some, let ns know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 & 267 GREENWICH ST., HEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a huudred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Koot'e Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Liow Freight. Send
tor Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

15A12t FREMONT. MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

398

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1. 1905

York Honey -*sTpply- Co.

(Not incorporated— Successors to The York Honey Co.)

141 & 143 HEADQUARTERS FOR

Ontario Street,

""Mi!"'- LEWIS' GOODS IN CHICAGO.

5 short city blocks north

of the C. & N.W. R.R.

passenger station.

H. M. Aknd, Manager.

Best and most direct Shipping Point
in the World.

We have on hand a large stock of

Lewis' Popular Bee-Supplies

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases—
everything used by the practical, up-to-date bee-
keeper.

Catalog and prices on Honey on application.
If you want dood Ooods at Factory Prices and
Prompt Sbipment, send jour orders, or call on us. O

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking
Bee-Supplies in exchange — delivered here.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device Is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
J for a year at $1.00; or for Jl.lO we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

^ _ - CHICAGO, ILL.

Queens ! ITALIAN Queens I

By Return Mail

Queens from Root's Red Clover Stock and
Golden Italian Queens, the best honey-gather-
ers in America. Untested, 50c each, or $6X0 per
dozen. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your

°''"'"' E. A. SIMMONS,

22Atf FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.:

Try Taylor's 3 banded leather-colored and 5-
banded Golden Queens— the best honeygather-
erers in America. Untested, 75c each, or 18 per
dozen; tested, $1, or $10 per dozen; select tested,
$1.50 each: breeders, the best, $3 each. I have
been breeding queens for 17 years, and I know
what a good queen is. No small queens sent
out. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

16Atf Please mention the Kee Journal.

Please xneutioii Bee Joxsmal 'When wrlUuHt

OoidenQueensandBees

Ready Jane 1. Hustlers for honey; very gen-
tle, non-swarming-. Price-list now ready— also
an S-page leaflet on queen- rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY, "^

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Adyertiaers.

Standard-Bred Italian (}ueen-Bee Free !

For Sending One New Subscriber.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fine, Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the follow-
ing conditions, all of which must be strictly followed:

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own
subsc:iption paid in advance at least to the end of this year

2. Sending your own name with the ,?1.00 for the Bee Journal
will not entitle you to a Queen as a premium. The sender must
lie already a paid-in-advance subscriber as above, and the new sub-
scriber must be a NEW suljscriber; which means, further, that
the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at
least not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a

new one; and, also, the new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where
the Bee Journal is already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need be
made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away— they must be earned in
a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

We will book the orders as they come in and the Queens will be mailea
Will you 1. live one or morel

It you cannot gifX a new subscriber, and want one of these Queens, we wiJ send tne
American Bee Journal a year and the Queen— bnth for only §1.50. Address,

CHICAGO, EL.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

raence so early that the bees would be strong
for the orange bloom. There can be no ques-
tion but that the citrus bloom is rich with
nectar, else it would not fill the entire atmos-
phere with such delightful perfume. I have
not any doubt but the honey from this source
would be of the very I lest flavor. This year
net a little has been gathered, I believe that
more attention to this winter bloom might be
wisely given. The reason that we have it is
that we bring Australian trees here, and as
they home at bloom in our winter, they con-
tinue the habit after they are brought here.
Our genial winters make the trees slow to
change the date of blooming. A. J. Cook.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 18.

Bees Wintered Well

My bees were taken out of the cellar about
3 weeks ago, and I was very w^l pleased with
the way they wintered. I put away 36 col-
onies and took out 35 in fine condition, the
one that was dead (I find by referring to my
record) being queenless last fall.

The colony in which I put a queen, secured
last fall, stored 30 pounds of comb honey
after that, and it is good and strong now. She
is a fine one. Wm. H. Root.

Wayne Co., Nebr., May 2.

Ideal Spring for the Bees

This has been an ideal spring for the bees.
Since fruit-trees began to bloom there has
not been a day but that the bees could work.
They seem to have plenty of brood, but are
not very strong in supplies, so that I will let
them clean up a lot of second-class sections.

I am starting in with a spring count of 25
colonies. S, C. Rearick.

Wood Co., Ohio, May 9.

Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee

Revised by Padant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and oug^ht to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with S3. 00.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, 11,1,

MounHJnionGoiieoG

Open to both sexes from, the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class reputation. 25
instructors. Alumni a,nd students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COIiliEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

June 1. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

399

B66§UPPli6S|

Guaranteed Superiority ! 9

Lowest^ Prices

We have been making- Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

TheAmericanBeeReeper

(Monthly, jo cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When conslgalng, bnjing or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

SEND PUK OUK CATALOa OF BEE-dUHPLieS

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one-piece Sections, Comb Foundation,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living- prices. Bees add Queens for sale
in season. 1. W. SWAI t CO., Centralia, Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

Wi Sbll Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let ns quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT a SON.
Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

STANDARD

Poultry AND

Rp^ SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS ^ BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOUjEIDO, - OHIO.

Headquarters for BeC'Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOE 1905 NOW OK EUD.
FEEIGET EiTES FBOH CllCUIlim AEE TEE lOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

11^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W. WEBER ='

OHiee and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

=^

Chicago, May .?.— With April about all the
trade in comb honey ceases so far as this mar-
ket is concerned; occasionally a case sells, but
no lots, so that prices now are practically with-
out change, pending the new crop. Extracted
is exceedingly slow of sale; white ranges from
5Ji'a-7c, and amber 5J^@6c, according to flavor,
quality and package. Beeswax in active de-
mand at 30c. R. A. BuRNBTT & Co.

Cincinnati, May 8. — The demand for honey
has increased quite a bit since our last quota-
tion, which is due, probably, to the concessions
made in prices to affect sales, as well as the
awakening of the spring trade. We quote am-
ber extracted honey in barrels at 4}i@(>Hc, ac-
cording to quality. White clover and farcy
extracted honey at 6@lHc. Comb honey has
seen its season. Beeswax 29c cash.

Tbk Frbd W. Muth Co.

Boston, May 23. — Our honey market cootin-
nes very dull, with very little movement to be
noted. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1,
12MI@13c. Extracted, from 6@8c, according to
quality. Blakb, Scott & Lbk.

Philadelphia, May 19. — The season is about
over for the sale of comb honey, with so few
sales that the market is not established enough
to quote price. I'2xtracted honey has met with
some demand, aod we quote as follows: White,
6@7c; amber, 5^"_' oc. Beeswax, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

New York, .\pril 19.— There is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted In fair
demand only. Keeswax firm at 30c.

Hildreth a Seoblkbn.

Kansas City, May 12.— The honey situation
is a little stronger, aud there is but little honey
left in the haud of the dealers. Best honey
bringing from 12.25 to $2. £0 a case; amber at
from 2S@50c a case lower. Extracted, 4X@6c.
Beeswax, 2Sc. C. C. Clemons ib Co.

Cincinnati, C, May IS.— The large slock of
comb honey yet offered with hardly any de-
mand causes lower prices. I quote fancy water-
white at 12c; other grades lower, in proportion.
Extracted is in usual demand for this season
of the year. "We quote white clover 7(*Sc; am-
ber in barrels at 5'.i@5Xc; in cans, 5j!i@6 cents.
Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Wbbbr.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancy white, 13@14c; No. 1, 12@13c;
mixed, 10@llc; buckwheat, 10@iic. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6J^c; white,
6@6Hc. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wrioht.

San Francisco, May 3.— White comb, 1-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber,8®10c. Extracted-
white, 5)^@6 cents; light amber, 4@5c; am-
ber, 3@3Xc; dark amber, 2S@3c. Beeswax-
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

The steamer City of Peking, sailing Saturday
last, took 85 cases for Belgium. Movement on
local account is light. Buyers are holding off,
anticipating arrivals of new crop at an early
day.

WANTED

PURE BEESWAX and WHITE, GRAY
or MIXED GEESE FEATHERS

Will buy in large quantities-
Send for prices quick.

D6 Wiu iisiers

237 W. 46tli Street, GtllCflGO, ILL.

■June Blooded Stock

tli^tt .-xcellent
Kt"r-k paper,
will explain
h o w sheep^-
rai(>inp can
he made hij^h-
ly profitable.
The entire
June number
will be Kiven
up to Shrnp-
^bire sheop.
Chandler
liros. and
_ Richard Gib-

B^Q are onlv three of the many who wiil write
'■meatv" < 'ntriiiiitinntJ. Kiih^eride now! '.'.ic a
year. BLOODED STOCK. Box 221. Oxford. Pa,

please zaention Bae Journal 'when 'writlim

400

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1, 1905

IS THE BEST TOO GOOD
FOR YOU ?

Lewis' goods are the best your money will buy and are worth every cent they cost you. Whether you receive them in the dead of winter
or at the height of the honey-flow, or wliem yoiir l>ees are swarming-, they will fit accurately, admit of being put together quickly,
and will be found to be made of the finest material. This saves you time ; this saves you troulile ; this saves you honey ; and time, trouble and
honey mean money to you. Year honey put up in good shape will bring higher prices, and the demand for it will be increased from year to
year. This factory's reliable goods have started many a man on the road to success.

As is customary with all large concerns we have agencies or jobbers in different parts of the United States, where our goods are carried
in stock. If you are located near any of those named below it will save you time and freight charges to send your order to them. Where the
distance ie not so great from Watertown to the agency, these jobbers sell the goods at our regular list prices.

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts

C IK \
C. 14. Stevens & Co., Havana

CA -IFORNIA

t'aui Bachert, Acton
CiUfornla Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland

ArkausasValley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford

Colorado Honey Producers' Asso-
ciation, Denver

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junct. Robert Halley, Montrose

ILLINOIS
Dadant ,\: Sons, Hamilton
York Honey & Bee Suppiy Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars
Louis Hanssen's Sans, Davenport

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault
MISSOURI

E. E. Abbott, St. Joseph
OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati

Norris & Anspach, Kenton

PENNSYLVANIA

Cleaver & Greene, Troy
TEXAS

Southwestern Bee Co., 433 West
Houston St., San Antonio
UTAH

P'red Foulger & Sons, Og-den

WASHINGTON
Clias. H. Lilly Co., Seattle

Below is a fresh lot of Testimonials sent in to us unsolicited within the last 60 days ;

Charlotte, N. C, April 13, 1905
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Oe.Htkmen : — The goods have been received and I am greatly
pleased with them. The hives are a model of perfection both as to
material and workmanship. It is a pleasure to have material go to-
gether as yours does. Tours truly, E. W. Lyles.

Manton, Mich., April 14, 1905.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

GetMenun : — Your goods are the best I ever received from any bee-
house before. They all fit lil<e the paper on the wail.

Yours truly, H. D. Salisbury.

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. McFall, Mo., April 17, 1905.

Gcidhmen .-—Don't you worry about our not handling your goods.
We have used and sold your goods for 15 years and consider them the
finest beeware made. Yours respectfully,

J. E. Entabt & Son.

, B. Lewis Co.

Oentlemen .--

G.B. Lewis Co..
O entlenie^i :-

Watertown, Wis. Rome, Pa., May 32, 1905.

-I think your sections the best I ever used.

Yours truly, W. J. Hill.

Watertown, Wis. Oakland, Mo., May 32, 1905.
-Tour hives fit perfectly aad your sections are superb.
Yours truly, Robert Wilson.

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. Fowler, Colo., May 20, 1905.

Oentlemen : — Yours of the 15th received and will say that I
ceived your goods and think they are the best I ever saw.

Yours truly, W. C. Bevard.

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. Seattle, Wash, April 13, 1905.

Oentlemen : — We know we are always well pleased when we get a
carload of Lewis' goods and that our retail and trade customers lil<e to
handle your supplies. You may not hear a'oout this so often as people
are much slower to express their approval than they are their disap-
proval. Y'ours truly, LiLLT-BoGABDns & Co.

(J. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown, Wis.

I

Cl\ncrtca/7

See 3

rnal

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK L CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 8, 1905

No. 23

402

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 8 1905

REAR QUEENS

It is not as difficult as many imagine. An instruction book and one of our
Outfits, and you can supply your apiary and your neighbors at a profit. A
good Queen is the key to a good honey crop. See to it that ALL your colonies
are queen-right.

ROOT
QUEEN-REARING OUTFIT

In this outfit are embraeed the best points of the best sys-
tems in use. It will give satisfaction to the amateur as well
as the expert. The cell-cups are made of wood, wax-coated.
Nolmelted wax is used in their manipulation, as they are at-
tached to the cell-stick by means of a small nail-point.

The nursery cage combines the features of nursery and in-
troducing cages. By their use a queen can be released on
the candy plan or caged in the hive as desired.

In connection with the outfit goes a booklet on queen-
rearing — one which ought to put the veriest amateur on the
high road to success. Outfit comprises 3 cell-bars with 50
waxed wooden cells, one frame cages, (20) ; one cell-form-
ing stick ; one set grafting-tools, and a book on queen-rear-
ing, $4.50.

Wood cell-cup, with point for attaching to bar, .50c per
100; *4. 00 per 1000.

Same, waxed, ready for use, T5c per 100; .$6,00 per lOOO;

TitofE wire nursery-cages, 1.5c each; $1.35 for 10; ■?12.50
per 100.

Frame for holding 20 cages, including cages, -53.00.

Cell-stick, each 10c; Sl.OO per dozen.

Transferring-needle, double-ended and nickel-plated, 15c.

Jelly-spoon, nickel-plated, 15c.

We can supply, also, fine-pointed lace-scissors with extra
large bows, for clumsy lingers, at 35e each.

•J-*

Modern <lueen-Reai-ing:

A booklet of 34 pages, giving full description of methods
used by the A. I. Root Company. You can not afford to do
without this book it jou rear queens. Price, 15c postpaid.

**
Uoolittle on <(iieen-Reai-ingf

The old standard. Price, .51 00 postpaid.

Note. — These goods and books are for sale by all dealers
in bee-keepers' supplies, and furnished at wholesale and re-
tail by The A. I. Root Company.

SWARTHMORE
QUEEN-REARING OUTFIT

Prices of Complete Outfits:

Outfit A'o. l~Exp^riznenta]^ postjyajcl, ^l.iiO

1 Cell-bar 1 Holding-frame

16 Waxed flange-cups 13 Transfer-cages

Outfit Xo. 'J—^Xmateur, postpaid, 93.50

3 Cell-bars I Needle 18 Transfer-cages

35 Waxed flange-cups 1 Holding-frame 1 Cell-stick
^..^

OuTfit ^Q .'i— Pj-ofessionaJ, by froi^bt or ejc-
press, ST.iiO

2 Blank bars

3 Holding frames
1 Cage-pocket

1 Grafting-plug
10 Comp. mating-boxes
1 Bar-holder
1 Swarm-box with lid

3 Cell-bars

1 Incubatingcage

1 Grace cell-compressor
100 Flange-cups

2 Swarth. nursery-cages
34 Transfer-cages

1 Needle 1 Stick

Svf artliiiiore Itooks

'INCREASE" tells how to form new colonies without
breaking up working colonies, postpaid, 35 cents.

'BABY NUCLEI;" how to mate queens with a mere hand-
ful of bees, 50 cents.

' CELL-GETTING," 50 cents.

Prices of Separate Parts

Bar-holder $ .

Blank bar

Bottle feeder

Bulb filler and feeder

Breeding-queen hive 1.

16-hole cell-bar

Cage-pocket

Flange-cups, unwaxed, lo each ; per 100

Flange-cups, waxed, 2c each ; per 100 1

Grace cell-compressor, each 1.

Grafting-needle, each

Graflingplug, each

Grafting-stick, each

Holding-frame, each

Incubating- cage, each

Mating-boxes, complete, each :iOc ; 10 1.

Nursery-cages, complete, waxed cell-cup

Nursery-cages, no cups

Swarm-box, with lid 1.

Swarm-box lid only

Trap-box

T stands, each

Transfer-cages

Post
extra

10 4c

05 4

10 5

75 8

00

10 2

25 9

T5 9

75 14

75 14

15 1

10 1

10 1

10 5

35

50

35

35

00

12
5
4

fSS

I

THE A. I. ROOT COHPANY

HEDINA, OHIO

BRANCHES: GhicaQO, 144 E. trie St. PtilladelDhia, 10 Vine St. New York, 44 Veseu St. b^

iiaii^

M

^^10

9i&&&&&&e^eeei&&&^^&&&&&&iS^&&&&.&&4»-&.&&&&&@-&&&4s^i^&&,

Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published Weekly at 81. OO a Tear by George ^¥. York Jt Co., 334 Uearborn St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 8, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 23

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BY

eEORGE W.YORK S COMPANY

3d4 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
8l.tii» a year, in tbe Unitert States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
centa a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEIi DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance, *" decio" on your label shows thai it ia
paid to tbe end of December, 19u4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent ua to pay Bubscriptlon. but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National BeeKeepers'Association

Objects of the Association

l9t.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and delend its members in their
lawful riahtB.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fmance, PlatteviUe, Wia.

fW If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
pabUshers of the American Bee Journal.

The Honey-Producers' League

( Incorporated i

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey throUKb
advertlsini;.

2. 'i"o publish facta about hone7,aQd counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEVIBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
inp to the Manawer an annual fee of #l.(i(» for each
2o ior Iraetirtn of 2*>) colonies of bees (spring count I
he owns or operates.

'J. Any honey-dealer, bee-supplydealer, boe-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, ur any other
Arm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a tee of $10. increased by one-
fltth of one ( 1 » percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keepinK.

GEORGE W. VORK. Manacer,

:ij4 Dearborn St.. Chicago, ill.

Queen-Bee Free as a Premlu;n

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at Ica^t to the end of
19o.=i, we will five an untested Italian queen for
sendini: usi >NK NEW subscription with ^l.oo for the
Bee Journal a year. Now is a Bood time to Ket new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us Itnow how many
you want and we will mail them to y(ui. Address
all orders to the office of the .\merican Bee Journal.

Short Stores — Warning to Beginners

As a matter of fact the warning is needed
by many who are not beginners. A good
many colonies will be lost after this paragraph
appears in print, and by those who have not
dreamed of danger. It seems to take a good
many years of experience to gain an adequate
idea of the amount of honey used up in rear-
ing brood in the spring. A colony has a good
supply of honey when overhauled in April or
the first part of May, and the owner thinks it
entirely unnecessary to give any further at-
tention to the matter of stores. If he would
look into the hives just before the harvest
begins, he would be surprised at the bareness
of the larders.

A critical time often comes just before time
to put on supers, when the immense amount
of brood makes heavy demands oq the stores,
and little or nothing is coming in from the
fields. If stores give out entirely, it means
not only the cessation of all egg-laying, but
as well the destruction of all unsealed brood.
In other words, it means the loss of eight or
more days of the queen's work, and that at a
time when si^pn work counts at its highest
value. Especially remember that starvation
may come nftii- the fields are white with
clover, for there may be no nectar in the

blossoms.

■*

The Qlucose-Honey Story Again

Rene Bache, in the Saturday Evening Post
for May 20, contributes an article on " The
Whimsical Consumer: Color, Not Quality, is
What He Seeks in Food." After saying,
" Appearance counts for vastly more than
taste in rendering any food product market-
able," reference is made to bright red apples,
large strawberries, brown-colored eggs, yel-
low-skinned chickens, etc., all of which, it is
alleged, are preferred regardless of taste or
quality by the consumer.

"As far as practicable, things should be
big, uniform in size, shapely, and done up in
convenient and showy packages," it is said.
This may be the case in exceptional instances,
but we can not believe that the housekeepers,
purveyors, etc., of this country — those who
perhaps buy nine tenths of all the eatables
used — ptrter appearance to quality and taste.

But the paragraph in Rene Bache's article
that is of greatest interest to bee-keepers is
the following :

" Glucose, made of appropriate consistency,
suitably colored, and containing pieces of
genuine honey-comb, is bought by many peo-
ple in preference to real comb honey. Honey
is supposed to be light yellow, and, if darker,
it finds a less ready sale. On the other hand,
California comb honey is looked upon with
suspicion in the East on account of its almost
colorless appearance, the whiteness of the
wax, and the perfect filling of all the cells.
Purchasers frequently reject it on the suppo-
sition that it is machine-made, comb and all —
the idea that comb honey is ingeniously
counterfeited, and to some extent manufac-
tured being, notwithstanding its absurdity,
one of the most widespread of popular delu-
sions."

We do not think that many people prefer a
mixture of cheap glucose and pieces of honey-
comb to "real comb honey." They may be
inveigled into buying it through its sale being
pushed by extensive advertising and other-
wise, but never from a real preference if they
can get first-class comb honey— the product
of the bees. Talk about a combination of
glucose and wax outranking the thick, deli-
cious, well-ripened honey ! It is ignorance of
the genuine bee-product that prefers the glu-
cose compound. Certainly no one who is
familiar with real or best-quality honey-
either in the comb or out of it — would prefer
glucose, if in his right mind, or unless he has
an unnatural, vitiated taste.

So " the idea that comb honey is ingeniously
counterfeited," ■" machine-made," is still a
■' popular delusion." And the more beautiful
the genuine article is in appearance, the more
it is thought a counterfeit. Well, that's
pretty rough on apicultural progress from bee-
tree honey to that of tempting sections of
virgin whiteness.

The next thing for bee-keepers to do is to
displace the wrong idea that the public has
of honey with the correct and true idea. Until
that is done the finest product of the hive
will be in disrepute among a large portion
of our population. What a shame!

The Honey-Producers' League was organ-
ized to undertake the education of the public
concerning honey. It's a big ' job, we know
and will need the earnest co-operation of all

404

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 8, 190S

bee-keepers and others who are interested in
the production and sale of honey. But it can
be done by a persistent, united effort.

A Glowing Account of a Honey-Flow

Arthur Laing glvcB iu the Canadian Bee
Journal the following account of a honey-flow
from logwood in the island of .Jamaica that is
enough to send a thrill to the heart of any
genuine bee-keeper :

I noticed unmistakable evidences of an
almost universal bloom, and about 10 days
later it came out in all its glory. It was truly
a magnificent sight, and although the house
was about 500 feet from the apiary, the roar
of the bees passing to and fro was a sound to
make glad the heart of any bee-keeper. I
went down to the apiary one morning about 6
o'clock, and if I live to be 100 years old I
never expect to see a more stirring scene in
any apiary than I looked upon in that yard of
250 colonies. The bees seemed to be fairly
wild with joy, and I must say it gave me a
similar sensation to watch them. They kept
up this pace for 4 days, which brought us up
to a Saturday evening. I told my partner I
should have to put on a lot of extra supers on
the following Monday morning, but, alas! it
rained that Saturday night, and next morn-
ing the logwood blossoms were as brown as
though they had been burnt, and the flow was
over. Six thousand pounds for the 4 days
was the record.

But the thrill is likely to become a chill
when later on he says :

Prices we received ran froin a small frac-
tion below 2 cents per pound for dark to a
small fraction below 3 cents per pound for the
best, which was one of the finest samples on
the island.

■*■

Hushing Up Presence of Foul Brood

Mr. A. E. Hoshal is reported in the Cana-
dian Bee Journal as saying :

I have wondered why it is we desire to
keep this thing covered up so thoroughly as
we do. My bees had the disease a while ago,
and I wouldn't like to be considered a crimi-
nal because my bees had it. It is no disgrace.

Mr. Hoshal is right. There is no more
sense in hushing up a case of foul brood than
there is in hushing up a case of small-pox. In
both cases the welfare of others demands

publicity.

■•

Send Questions in Time

Now and again some one sends a batch of
questions to be answered in the American Bee
Journal, with the curt request, " Answer in
this week's Journal," when a very little
knowledge of the publishing business would
make the sender understand that compliance
with such a requestwas an utter impossibility.
Quite possibly the iiuestions are such as have
not arisen from any sudden emergency, but
could have been asked a month sooner just as
well as not.

It would be a real pleasure it every ques-
tion could be answered in such manner that
within 24 hours the answer should be received
by the one who sent the question, and it is a
painful feeling to know that sometimes when
the best efforts have been made the answers
are so late in being received as to cause dis-
appointment. Although our postal system is
a marvel of accuracy and dispatch, still it
does sometimes happen that a letter is delayed,
and in rare instances lost. There is also the
possibility of loss iu some cases before the
letter reaches the post-olhce; and if not loss,
•delay. So there must be counted time, and

sometimes overtime, for a letter to reach
Chicago. Then it is a matter of time to get
the letter to Dr. Miller, whose province is to
answer questions. Just so far as it is pos-
sible to do so, he always answers such ques-
tions very promptly ; but it must be remem-
bered that he is a practical bee-keeper, and
work in the apiary may be crowding so that
he can not at once answer. After he has sent
the answer to Chicago it takes time to get it
into type and into press. Possibly the col-
umns of the Journal are so crowded that a
postponement of a week is inevitable.
If all these things are taken into considera-

tion, it will be seen that the sender of a ques-
tion can not reasonably expect to find his
question answered in the next number of the
paper.

If an answer is desired as speedily as pos-
sible, it is always well to send the question
direct to Dr. Miller. The delay of a day or
two from sending the question first to Chi-
cago will sometimes make no difference as to
the time it appears in print, and at other
times it may make a clelay of a week or two.

But be assured that it is the desire at this
end of the line to make just as little delay as
possible.

r

K

JTIisccllancous TXcws 3tcms

=\

J'

Mr. Benton .\fter Foreign Bees. —

We have received the following froui Miss
Jessie E. Marks, who is an assistant in the
section devoted to apiculture, of the Bureau
of Entomology, iu the Department of Agri-
culture at Washington :

" The Apicultural Investigator of the United
States Department of Agriculture, Mr. Frank
Benton, is about to start on a tour of explora-
tion in the interest of apiculture. The pur-
pose of the trip will be to secure new and
valuable types of honey-bees for testing (un-
der control) in this country, more especially
the giant bees of the East, Megapis dorsata
(Apis dorsata), and also any honey-producing
plants which might prove of value in this
country, particularly such as would at the
same time serve as forage crops.

'•He intends to go by way of England and
across the continent to Constantinople, thence
to the Caucasus, where he hopes to obtain a
good supply of the gentle Caucasian queens;
across the Caspian Sea to Bokhara, and from
there southward over the long stretch of some
SOO miles across Afghanistan (by caravan
since there are no railroads in that region) to
the Punjab in India, thence eastward
through the northern part of Hindustan to
Calcutta, whence the route will be by steamer
via Singapore to Manila."

We trust Mr. Benton will keep the bee-
papers of America informed concerning his
foreign investigations, so that they in turn
can pass the information on to their readers,
who will be greatly interested in the proposed
trip and its results. ,

Invention of the Movable-Frame
Hive. — It is a pleasure to have the following
explanation from one who is so thoroughly
familiar with bee-keeping in Germany, and
who stands as authority on both sides the
ocean:

To the notice on page 340, I have to make a
few remarks. This matter has been discussed
very often, nevertheless some mistakes re-
main to be corrected. The different opinions
can easily be explained if we distinguish
movable frames and movable combs.

Nobody in Germany claims that Dzierzon
invented a movable-frame hive, even the
movable comb attached to a bar was known
long before him, among others Delia Rocca
using this bar. But it is claimed in Germany
that Dzierzon was the first who made such
bar-hives fitted for practical bee-keeping,
because his hive opened on .the side, conse-
quently the combs could be cutoff from the
ends more easily than in the top-opening
hives used before him. Certainly his hive
caused remarkable progress in practical bee-
keeping in Germany.

Baron Berlepsch is considered as the inven-
tor of the movable frame in Germany. He
invented his frame with the bee-space all
around it, and very similar to the Hoffman

frame (lately recommended in the United
States), at the same time that Langstroth
invented his movable-frame hive. Certainly
both inventions were made public the same
year, and not one of these inventors knew
anything of the other. The two hives are so
much different that nobody can doubt that
each invention was made independently of
the other.

The Berlepsch hive is still in general use in
Germany, like the Langstroth hive in America.
Of course both are considerably modified at
present.

Certainly we should perceive and honor the
merits of all these men, just in the way they
are entitled. L. Stachelhausen.

Bexar Co., Tex.

The Apiary and Buckwheat Pic-
tures on the first page are described by Mr.
Murphy as follows :

I send two pictures, one is a patch of buck-
wheat in bloom, and the other my apiary, I
was a beginner in HW4, and had only 4 colo-
nies, which I united this spring to 3.

The buckwheat pictured is the silverhull,
and I sowed it broadcast June 1. 1904. It
bloomed for 25 days, and I let it stand and
fall off by the midsummer rains, when it
sprouted up again and bloomed, with a good
flow of honey till frost, which was late last
fall. Now this spring there is no volunteer
buckwheat to bother the corn crop.

Last summer colony No. 1 gave me 70 full
sections of honey, and 14 partly filled sections,
besides about 25 pounds in the brood-cham-
ber. The honey was fine and rich.

The two boys in the picture are my Damon
and Loyal, who are not afraid of bees and
never get a sling. They love to watch and
study them. Wm. W. Murpht.

Good Reports— National Convention

— General Manager France, writing us May
2", had this to say :

Nearly every State reports good honey pros-
pects.

The Texas Committee on the next National
convention at San Antonio, has planned a
free banquet for all members who attend, the
food to be composed wholly of Mexican
dishes; :ilso a 4-hour trolley ride is arranged.
There will be a big Fair in San Antonio, Oct.
21 to Nov. 1, so they have asked that our
meeting be held between those dates. One
day at the Fair will be " Bee-Keepers' Day."
Texas certainly will do her part.

N. E. Fkancb.

We don't know about those red-peppery
"Mexican dishes." They will likely be
pretty " hot stuff," and so A. I, Root and Dr.
Miller will have to go " tenderfootedly "
down there even when eating "with their
fingers." But perhaps they will have their
rubber bee-gloves on to protect them when

June 8, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

405

handling the fiery viands. But what about
the linings of their stomachs^

May be those two "boys" would better
stay at home, or else talie their " best girls "
along to look after them, and help defend

them from the laternal as well as external
dangers that those lively Texans seem to be
preparing for their guests!

The rest of us can take along a supply of
" Dr. Gaudy's Famous Catnip Honey."

iT

V:

0ur Bcc Keeping; Sisten

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

"\

J

Honey-Paste for Chapped Hands

Honey-paste for chapped hands is made by
combining the white of an egg, one teaspoon-
ful of glycerin, one ounce of honey and
ground barley. — Mme. Qui Vive, in Chicago
Record-Herald.

Honey-Mufflns

Sift together 3 cupfuls of flour, }i a tea-
spoonful of salt, and 2 teaspoonfuls Inking
powder. Beat the yolks of 2 eggs very light,
add 2 level tablespoonfuls butter (melted),
and ''4 of a cup of milk and same of extracted
hooey. Stir the liquid into the flour, beating
to a smooth hatter. Beat the whites of the
eggs to a stitr froth and fold them in. Bake
in muffin-rings placed on a griddle. — Grand
Rapids (Mich.) Post.

Hive-Making at Home Explained

As to whether or not it will pay to manu-
facture one's own hives depends altogether
upon how one is situated and upon what kind
of machinery he has at hand. Certainly it
will not pay to put them up without some
kind of special machinery, for not only is
labor worth too much, but the average bee-
keeper, unless an accomplished workman be-
sides, would be unable to make corners,
frames, and other parts to compare with those
cut out in factories equipped for the purpose.
But such apparatus as is needed in hive-mak-
ing is not expensive nor difficult to run, and
where a bee-keeper has the necessary time to
spare, with upwards of 30 colonies to provide
for, it would probably pay him well to invest
a little in hive-cutting machinery.

Although we have kept bees for a number
of years, averaging 50 colonies to twice that
number, we have never had a factory-made
hive on the premises. Nor would I exchange
the ones we are using for any offered by the
best bee-supply house in existence.

Our first start of bees was bought from an
old man who made his own hives much as we
make ours now. With the 3 colonies bought

we also bought a half-dozen hives in the flat.
These were sufficient for the first season, and
by the time the next came around we were
prepared to put up hives for ourselves and our
neighbor bee-keepers. The machinery I will
endeavor to describe, also give first cost as far
as money invested is concerned.

Some kind of power was of course the first
essential. Jfy husband fortunately owned a
small-sized horse-power, which he used for
sawing stove-wood, and other kinds of light
work on the farm. These, at that time, could
be secured quite cheaply of thresher-men, who
had discarded them for the more popular
steam outfit. This one has been re-framed, I
believe; but this did not represent any con-
siderable expense.

Having the power and a jack with belt, the
only thing necessary to buy was the cutting
machinery. Two 7-inch circular saws, one a
cut-off and the other a rip-saw, were ordered
through a local hardware merchant. These
cost in the neighborhood of $3, the exact
amount I have forgotten now. Although "-
inch saws will do quite nicely, 8-inch we have
since found would be much better. A little
framing material and suitable lumber for
table and carriage was all that was bought
besides.

Carpenter tools abound here, the master
being what may well be called a " handy
man." During the winter, when farm work
was not pressing, the wood parts were made
and put together. An ingenious contrivance,
which may be adjusted instantly to any meas-
urements, insures square ends and perfect-
fitting joints. Square and saws (other than
those belonging to the machine) are never
needed. Any kind, size, and make of hive,
with any style of frame, can be cut accurately,
rapidly, and with comparative ease. Two
horses are generally used, though, perhaps,
one would be suffloient; at any rate for a
short run.

This machine does not cut dovetailed cor-
ners, of course, but instead we make what are
called "halved corners." These are nailed
from both sides, and are really all that could
be desired. We have never had one spread or
warp away from the joint. For our own
hives we use the V-shaped top-bar and self-
spacing frames. These the machine cuts as
readily as the old-fashioned thick top-bars.

Even hand-holes are cut out when so wanted.
Supers of all kinds are as easily made as hives.
There is, in fact, no wood article except sec-
tions, which we buy from bee-supply houses.

One man with two horses can easily cut out
and pack .'(i to 30 hives, with frames and
supers, in an ordinary working day, while
two men — one at the machine and one to move
and pack uway the parts as cut— could turn
out nearly twice that number.

Shippin^'-cases, poultry-crates, and numer-
ous other such things are cut out and made
at home. Our neighbors never think of buy-
ing hives from bee-supply houses, as we can
furnish them as needed, and at even lower
prices. This trade, however, we do not solicit,
furnishing them only as an accommodation.

As to the cost of hives made thus, it is evi-
dent that this is represented altogether by cost
of lumber. For hive-bodies and covers it is
usually necessary to buy high-priced lumber,
costing perhaps from $-tO to .*50 per thousand.
For bottom-boards, made with inclined
alighting board, narrower and cheaper lum-
ber can be used. Supers can also be made of
narrower lumber, though of quality equal to
the hive-bodies. Frames are largely out from
short pieces and waste strips left from other
parts of tht hives. Only best quality lumber
is used for them, whether waste pieces or not.
Common !•., -story S-frame Langstroth hives
will usually cost from 65 to To cents each for
material, covers and bottoms included, of
course. But this is for best quality of lum-
ber at ordinary retail prices. Nailing and
painting costs perhaps 10 cents more per hive.
Whether or not it pays, any one can decide
for himself, but we shall continue to make
what hives are required for use in our own
apiary, at any rate.

To any one desiring to put in such machin-
ery as that described above, I would say that
many practical hints may be obtained from
the " A B C of Bee Culture." With this
book at hand any man handy with carpenter
tools should be able to build a very satis-
factory hive-cutting apparatus. I would say,
however, that ours is somewhat more com-
plicated and of greater capacity than the
small machines described there.

Perhaps some may like to know where this
machine is used and kept when not in use.
Like all other farmers in this vicinity, we
have toliacco-curing sheds on the farm, and
the .saw parts are both used and stored in one
of these. The power is set up outside for use
there, and the rod driving the belt is run
through or under one of the small side doors
provided for in curing the tobacco. Any
good-sized work-shop would accommodate
the saws and frame parts without difficulty.
(Mrs.) Millie Honakek.

Vernon Co., Wis.

[The " A B C of Bee Culture " can be had
for $1,30, postpaid, or for $2.00 the book will
be sent with the American Bee Journal one
year. Address all orders to the American Bee
.Journal, 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.—
Editor.]

-V (£ontrtbuteb -f
^ Special Clrttcles

=%

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" The Cloistering Hive and the Cloistral
Method"

BY C. 1'. DADANT

'T'lIE above is the title of a book which is just now attract-

I ing the attention of the bee-keepers in France. The

authors, .1. M. and .1. B. Gouttefangeas, here describe

their method with a number of cuts. The book is in the

French language.

Cloisters, convents, monasteries, hermitages, belong mainly
to the Old World. Here they are. It is therefore not aston-
ishing that the ideas emitted originate in the Old World, and

that this title sounds strange to our ears. One of the authors
describes his home, where he has practiced the method which
his book recommends :

"The Hermitage is an antique monastery perched at 1100 meters
of altitude [3600 feetj.dn the midst of a large forest of beautiful pine
trees. The summers are charming here, but the winters are long and
rigorous, nothing can be heard but the noise of the wind among the
trees and sometimes the shrill piping of the titmouse, but during the
night there are powerful screams, well harmonized with the savage
nature of this rustic spot, the piercing voice of the owls which seek
for one another or hunt for their prey. They have their nest just
above my room in the mansard of a spacious attic, and I have given
them full permission to establish there their gracefid family. They
are my friends; they are also the friends of my bees; they destroy
more rodents than all the cats of the canton, and the rodents are the
enemies of the bees ; the enemies of my enemies are my friends."

The cloistering hive is provided with an apparatus for
closing it up while at the same time letting a current of air
pass freely through without admittinK light. This apparatus
is composed of pipes in the shape of chimneys or (lues pierced
with holes and placed in an ante-chamber or portico, where
the bees congregate when there is any desire on their part of
taking wing.

In Auvergne, the home of the authors, it is customary

406

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Junes, 1905

among the old-style bee-keepers to close up the hives with
cow-dung in the fall, leaving for air only three or four hollow
hemp-stalks. The bees then remain cloistered four or five
months. But when a warm day comes they are restless, and
it is to avoid this restlessness, by excluding light, that the
authors have devised the method"in question. Evidently the
temperature of those regions differs from that of our climate,
for in the United States we would expect a large loss of bees
confined out-of-doors, even with air and darkness during the
warm days of winter. The writer quotes Preuss, a German,
■who closes his hives within a portico with wire-cloth, when
he wishes the bees to be confined, and he criticises this method
because of the heavy loss of bees that worry themselves to
death in trying to get out when the weather is suitable.

The Gouttefangeas method is described ai length in the
book. It is evidently good in some instances, and would per-

The Cloistering Hive with Two Air-Tubes. A Dadant-Blatt Hive.

The Alighting Board is hinged to close the

Portico when wanted.

haps prove quite profitable here in backward springs to pre-
vent spring dwindling when the bees go out, in spite of the
cold, after pollen or water. In connection with this, they
recommend a watering-trough to be used with the hive at the
time when the bees need water for breeding.

They advise the use of this implement mainly during win-
ter to prevent the bees from flying out when there is snow on
the ground. It may do very well in a country where the cold
of winter is not very severe and does not compel the bees to
consume much stores, and where the warm days are not suf-
ficiently warm to make it advisable for the bees to be allowed
out. But in our extremely cold climate, with an occasional
day when the sun shines warm enough to disturb the bees
through the walls of their hive, we have always found it bet-
ter to allow them to take a flight, even at the risk of losing
many bees outside, than to keep the colony confined to the
hive in the dark.

They use this cloister in the fall, when the bees go out
without purpose, or only to seek for flowers which can not be
found. They hold, with some reason, that a colony often be-
comes depopulated by numerous late flights in cool, fall days.
They even close the hives in summer when there is nothing" in
the field. But their summer is not like ours, for the hottest
temperature upon which they reckon is 77 degrees, and they
even hesitate as to the advisability of closing the hives wheii
the temperature exceeds 18 degrees Centigrade, which is
equivalent to 66 Fahrenheit. There are many winter days in
this latitude when the temperature rises above that point.

They use the cloister method when a hive is robbed, or
when they want to feed the bees, especially weak colonies.
They also recommend it in making artificial swarms by the
addition of bees to combs of brood for strengthening colonies,
for making nuclei, for transporting colonies and holding them
a few days captive that they may the better remember their
new location and forget the old one, when released.

On the whole, the book has many good ideas, and is to be
considered as the exponent of a system which would be prac-
tical at high altitudes or in very cool climates when the heat of

the sun is never so intense that it may make the bees un-
comfortable in confinement. Of course, the closing in of
these active insects is contrary to their nature, but this is
only another instance of the change of conditions brought
about by man. If it proves necessary to put the bees into the
cellar, or to confine them, we need not be held back by any-
thing but the actual results after trial.

Hancock Co., 111.

#

Mortality Among Bees— Tree-Planting

By TEOF. A. J. COOK

MR. G. F. MERRIAM, of San Diego Co., Calif., sends me a
letter from J. M. March, wherein is described an appar-
ently new bee disease. Both Mr. Merriam and Mr.
March are very much interested in the matter, and desire my
opinion regarding the cause of this rapid taking off of the bees.
The mortality was in February, and seemed to be among the
old bees. These would die in the hive, would tumble over just
outside, and often would fly to the field never to return. The
result was the loss of many colonies. Mr. March inclines to
the opinion that this is caused by collecting poisonous nectar,
and Mr. Merriam wishes my opinion regarding this explana-
tion.

I very much doubt If bees ever gather poisonous nectar
from the flowers. True, I remember the old account of
Herodotus and the soldier, and I am aware of the reputation
of jasmine and some other honey even in modern times. Is it
not true that these accounts of poisonous honey, like witch-
craft and ghosts, grow beautifully less as we know more ? I
have studied the matter a good deal, and I greatly question if
there is any such thing as poisonous honey gathered from
flowers. I have so often given the arguments in the American
Bee Journal that I will not repeat them here. Suffice it to
say that if poisonous honey were gathered it woulo be more
common, and more a matter of observation. As honey often
makes people sick, it is easy to explain the origin of such
stories witout recourse to any theory of poison.

I should the rather think that poison had been sprayed on
trees when in blossom, an inexcusable and itdefensible trick
in this day of better knowledge, except that at so early a date
(February) we can hardly see why such spraying would be
done, except with malicious intent, which is not at all sup-
posable in this case. I am sure of cases where spraying fruit-
trees with Paris-green while in blossom has not only brought
on great mortality among the mature or imago bees, but has
also resulted in great mortality among the brood or larv;c.

There is still another explanation which I think is the
correct one in regard to Mr. March's bees. Last year was
one of exceeding drouth in Southern California. As a result
the bees gathered little and often no honey at all in many
localities. Where Mr. Merriam lives, in San Diego County, is
one of the driest in this section. It is easy to believe that last
season Mr. March's bees went the season through without
gathering any honey at all. We all know what occurs in the
hiVe when bees get no honey for long periods of time. The
queen ceases laying and brood-rearing ceases. Thus it is easy
to believe that there were no young bees produced in these
hives in all the long months of 1904. Yet the old bees would
go right on dying, as bees live not over long, even at the best.
We thus understand how it would be that these bees should
disappear simply by natural law. They simply die of old age.

In case my explanation is the correct one, the remedy is
not far to seek. Stimulative feeding a', times of honey-dearth
would not only give sufficient supplies to the bees, which they
are quite likely to need at such times, but will also incite to
brood-rearing, and thus this mortality would be avoided.
What makes me more inclined to believe that this explanation
is the correct one, is the fact that with the rains, the bloom,
the nectar, and the honey of this spring, the mortality has
ceased, and the bees, which a short time back were rapidly
disappearing, are now decidedly on the upgrade, and the colo-
nies promise rich returns for the coming season.

THE AC.VCIAS.

Among the many rich treasures that California has re-
ceived from Australia and the contiguous islands, are the
beautiful acacias. These are now (April 24) in full bloom on
our college campus and in the private yards of our beautiful
village. As I have collected sprigs for purposes of identifica-
tion, I have been interested in the loud hum of countless bees
visiting the trees not only for nectar but for pollen. While
the bees very likely get some nectar from the flowers them-
selves, which surely furnish great quantities of pollen, I
think they get far more from extra-floral glands. Would any

June 8 1905

THfi AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

407

one say that tiiis is not Horal honey ? We thus seo the ab-
surdity of giving any definition of honey other than " sweets
stored by bees," not specifying the source.

I wish in this article to commend acacias for {leiiiial
[ilanting. Soutliern California is already one of the most
beautiful parts of the world. There is a general feeling at
present prompting to general roadside planting. Clareinont.
Pomona, and 8an Dimas, all neighboring towns with a com-
mon telephone, have recently engaged in very extensive road-
side tree-planting. It is worthy of remark that each of these
places has a vigorous farmers' club. Communities with such
clubs are not usually asleep to their own best interests. One
of the trees that these communities have planted quite exten-
sively is the black acacia. The following are some of the rea-
sons why it pays to plant acacias, not only along the roadside
but in our private grounds :

In the first place let me say, these trees come from an
arid region. Thus they are used to drouth, reach far down
into the ground for water, and so are fortified against neglect.
If we plant acacia then we may be quite sure thit our trees
will live, and with a dry season or neglect to irrigate we will
not be disappointed with a lot of dead or sickly trees throwing
reproaches at us.

Another gain in planting these trees comes from the fact
of their exceeding beauty. I don't know of any trees that are
more attractive. With many of them the foliage is as deli-
cate and graceful as that of the fern or that of the sensitive-
plant ; and when there is mingled with this wondrously ele-
gant foliage the rich profusion of bloom that these trees lling
out for us, we have before us truly objects that are a joy for-
ever. We often desire in our yards shrubs or small trees that
are lieautiful.

To any who may be wishing for such, I would, recommend
Acacia cultriformis, A. pulchella and A. pendula. The first
of these is as beautiful in foliage as in flower, and when the
two are combineil people coming suddenly upon the plants are
forced to pause in admiration. Pulchella is true to its name,
while the nodding habit of pendula adds another feature to its
grace and elegance.

If one wishes larger trees, then I would recommend the
willow like A. nereifolia, usually known as A. floribunda ; or,
most beautiful of all, A. baileyana, which is incomparable in
its foliage among the acacias, and when in bloom becomes
simply unparalleled in its beauty. I really think this is " the
noblest Roman of them all." For roadside planting, probably
the Australian blackwood, or black acacia, A. melanoxylon, is
to be preferred, as it is a very rapid grower, fine in form, and
gives a beautiful avenue eiiect. The blossom, however, is
white instead of yellow, rather small, and so quite inconspicu-
ous.

Before closing let me suggest that in roadside tree-plant-
ing we do not mix trees, but plant all of one kind. This gives
a much finer effect, and is recommended by all our best land-
scape gardeners.

CALIFORNIA HONEY- TREES.

"3 From what I have written above it needs hardly be said
that the acacias are worthy a place in our planting because
of their value as honey-trees. The eucalypts are also to be
selected for this same reason. Indeed, the eucalypts have all
the virtues that belong to the acacias. Like the acacias, they
have been brought from the southern hemisphere to the
northern, hence there is a tendency to change their time of
bloom. Consequently, we have in these, as in the acacias,
trees blossoming at every season of the year.

Another tree worthy of consideration both for its elegance
and as a honey-tree, is the incomparable pepper. I know of
no tree the world over which has more to recommend it.

Los Angeles Co., Calif.

State Inspection of Apiaries in Illinois

[Read at the Illinois State ConTention Nov. IS, 16, 1904]

No more interesting occupation can be imagined than that
of an inspector of apiaries. Early in the summer of 1904 the
writer got his commission from Hon. J. Q. Smith, Inspector
of Apiaries for Illinois. Soon after he started on his ri.uiuls
among the Cook County bee-keepers.

Quite a number were visited who kept bees in bo.x-lu\v>.
and never saw the interior of a broocj-nest from one year's
end to another. Some of these said their bees had nearly all
died out. that they had not done well, etc. Of course in
such cases it might be necessary to break up a colony or two

of the weakest live ones, to make a thorough examination,
transferring the bees and combs to another hive. In the
cases that I have in mind the p;irties were somewhat ignor-
ant of our language and custom-, and were entirely unwilling
to have the hives touched, almost refusing to let me go into
the back yard to have a look at the outside of the hives. Of
course the colonies might be diseased, and the losses might
have been caused by disease, bin under the law as it stands,
an inspector has no power to touch a hive for any purpose,
without the consent of the owner, and the disease continues .
to spread in all directions from an infected apiary. By all
means should the legislature be asked to give a drastic law,
similar to the Wisconsin act. Otherwise it seems like wast-
ing the money.

In my work of inspection I pass the home and apiary of a
ne'ar neighbor and friend. He is an old-timer, having kept
from 100 colonies up and down for 20 years or so. I never
supposed his bees had the disease until one day I made him
a formal call, asking him how his bees were. His answer,
"They have got it." expressed the situation. We spent some
time that day, and another day I returned and w-e examined
nearly the whole apiary, and found 4 out of 5 colonies had
foul brood. His loss w-ill be over $100.00 this season, by the
disease. I questioned him as to where they could have gotten
the infection. He named a party a mile away as the likely
one. He said further that he had allowed the bees to clean
out a honey-barrel that had been shipped in from Wisconsin.
I visited the party named and found only the lady of the
house at home. 1 told my errand. We went out to the col-
onies, and found 3 dead and only 1 alive. The live one I opened
without smoke, and found a few bees on three frames and
brood on two frames. They were in the last stage of foul
brood. Now, I should have had the power to burn up the
whole outfit, except the hives, on the spot. I urgently re-
quested the lady of the house to have them burned up at
once, and .she promised to have it done. My time was too
short, and the ground too large to get over it the second
time, so I don't know whether it was done or not.

Now here is the condition that confronts us : The big
State of Illinois has 102 counties, with about 350 apiaries
to the county. Suppose an inspector can reach 5 apiaries in
a day, it would take 70 days to cover one county effectually.
This does not seem far out of the way when you remember
that second and third calls must be made on a certain
number of them. Seventy days to a county, 102 counties —
7140 days' time to inspect the State. Suppose each deputy
could put in 6 months — INIay, June, July, August, September,
October, and put in 25 days in each month, which would
make 150 days for each inspector. It would take about 48
inspectors to cover the ground. Allow $5.50 a day for each
inspector— $4.00 and $1.50 expenses. That makes $39,270 as
the sum needed to cover Illinois properly in one season. The
moral of this is that we must ask the legislature for $5,000
at the very least.

In order to get the money we must show them what was
done with the money already given us the past two years.
We must make a report of work done and money expended.
We must show why we need a new law, and why we need
more money. This report must be in proper form and ad-
dressed to the Governor and the legislative bodies. It must
not be too voluminous, for they will not read and understand
it if too many words are used. It seems fairly certain that
we can get the largely-increased appropriation if the proper
means are used. The Hon. H. W. Austin has consented to
introduce our bill. You may remember that we would have
had no law in 1903 without his aid. He recognizes the fact
that even $5,000 is an insignificant sum to cover the great
State of Illinois.

It seems to be a fact that the aid of the Chicago-North-
western Bee-Keepers' Association is necessary to the success
of this plan. Let us suggest that a clause be incorporated in
the new law to give the control of the fund to a joint board
composed of the executive conunittees of both associations
equally. It seems as if under such an administration the
largest constituency could be reached, and the greatest good
done to the greatest number. The Chicago-Northwestern
is looking forward to great things. Two thousand invitations
have been mailed for the coming' convention at Chicago, Nov.
30 and Dec. 1. 1904. If these two of the best associations in
America join hands, there will lie no limit to their usefulness.

Herman F. Moore,
Secretary of Chicago-X'-rthwestern and Member of
Illinois State.

406

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 8, 1905

r

i=

21Ii\ f^asty 5 cTftcrtl^oucjt^ts

=^

J

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

NO ADULTERATED COMB FOUNDATION AMONG
AMERICANS.

It is not that all Europeans are rogues and
all Americans honest, that we don't have
adulterated foundation ia this country.
Climate and Conscience trot in double harness
for us as they do not elsewhere. In our ex-
treme climate impure foundation is nearly
j«rf to break down ; while in cool climes the
break-down is only occasional — not frequent
enough to stop the use of the article. We
have rogues, and they can simulate honesty
and innocence ad libitum : but they can't
keep people from abandoning the use of an
article that absolutely won't work. Page 324.

WISCONSIN APIARY INSPECTOR'S BLANK.

Did you suitably thank N. E. France for
that " Subscriber for " in the inspection
blank? It appears to be suggestive enough
to do lots of good without being quite itera-
tive or impertinent enough to be insulting.
This latter contingency is sometimes sadly
forgotten in human affairs. I'm well ac-
quainted with the superintendent of a little
country Sunday-school who feels insulted by
the blanks he is required to make out — with
iterative "none — no— no — no." A closing-up
line reading, " Nothing but heathen, moss-
backs and savages out here " would almost
be appropriate. Page 324.

FREIGHT-RATE ON HONEY IN JACKETED CANS.

The importance of getting juster freight-
rates for extracted honey in jacketed cans is
considerable, even if it applies to but one
classification region. Easier to make other
regions follow suit then. Something more
than six lines of fine print might very prop-
erly be given to this success of Mr. N. E.
France. Very plain that Mr. F. does not
make the incubating hen his sole model of
performance. Let us remember that a few
appreciative words now and then are excel-
lent to make a servant who does well keep on
doing well. For costing little and accom-
plishing much they take first prize. And
they bless him who gives them almost as
much as him who receives them— keep him
from growing to be a bear in this zoological
world. Page 334.

TARIFF ON CUBAN HONEY.

With all allowances made, the present
actual tariff on Cuban comb honey is a cent
and a quarter a pound, it seems. Not heavy
enough to be prohibitive or seriously repres-
sive. By common repute there's going to be
lontf time a general readjustment of the tariff;
but our folks want a rise, and the popular

idea is a general reduction. Driving from
Derby to London when London drives out to
Derby to see the great race is said to be a
trifle trying. Page 324.

KNOWING THE PURPOSE OE ONE'S EXISTENCE.

So you concluded the Root Company know
what they are there for without being told!
Well, if the bell knows what it's there for
without being told, it should still be tolled at
proper times. Won't hurt us perhaps to say
that on the whole they are there because they
best deserve to be there. And in this world
of God's, cotiiinniHij to deserve leadership is
an immensely important item — seeing that we
have Scripture to inform us that the crown
does not endure to all generations. Page 324.

POLLEN OF VARIOUS HUES.

The pollen pellets which bees bear on their
legs take a wide range of color ; yet they
rather rarely verge on the greens, and still
more rarely on the blues. Some of the Cali-
fornia gilias, according to Prof. Cook, yield a
blue pollen. Page 325.

BEES don't STING FRUIT.

Lots of us have been living with bees for a
good share of our lives, and I venture the as-
sertion that none of us has ever seen any-
thing in their behavior that would lead one to
expect them to sting a grape or peach. Not
like them. And that sort of consideration
counts heavily. The dog might make faces
at the looking-glass, but he is not going to do
it. The captured rabbit might defend himself
by biting (and we greatly wonder why he
does not), but somehow he never does. The
great carnivora of the cat tribe might, when
tamed, hunt under a master like the dog, but
they just wonH. Domestic pussy pretty nearly
ditto — she must boss her own hunting or
there'll be none. Similarly it's not in the
nature of bees to sting things for mechanical
purposes. Dander must be up or no sting.
Or let us get at the slander from a different
direction. Suppose bees did sting grapes.
Those who charge this do not consider what
an exceedingly fine shaft the sting is. No in-
sect would notice so infinitesimal a puncture,
and no juice would exude — unless I am very
greatly mistaken. In fact, we may offer our
own hides in evidence. An ordinary stiog
does not let out the blood. But when it
causes a spasm of the tissues, making the
spot to assume a different color, and to draw
into an entirely new shape, then a visible dot
or color of blood is foreecl out. But fruits do
not have the kind of life that can get up a
spasm. Page 328.

/T

Doctor ITlillcr s Qucstion^Box

=\

\=

J'

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

It^" Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

California Redwood— Bee-Stlng
Remedies

1. I have a chance to get some hives made
of California redwood. It is used for making
incubators in this town. They say it will not
take water, ants or moths will not work in it,
and it will stand painting. Would the honey
taste of it, or would the bees want to live in
hives with that odor* Some say to wash
with salt water or peach leaves. I can get
hives made from this very cheap, although

redwood is high-priced. Have you had any
experience in this matter?

2. What is the best remedy for a bee-sting,
either for a person on whom the sting swells
or one that it doesn't; It does not swell on
me. I have heard that a sting will always
swell up on a healthy person. Is that true?

Nebraska.

Answers.— 1. California redwood has been
successfully used for bee-hives, and you need
not fear ics effect on the honey, even without
salt or peach leaves, which probably have no

effect. But you will hardly find it proof
against ants and moths.

2. To give all the remedies that have been
offered for bee-stings would occupy pages.
Perhaps as good as any other remedy is a
plaster of mud. Most bee-keepers of experi-
ence seem to think that no remedy does much
good ; the only thing they do being to get
the sting out as soon as possible. Don't
pull out the sting by grasping it between
thumb and finger, for that helps to squeeze
more poison into the wound; but scrape it
out with the finger-nail, or else, if it is in the
hand, by striking the hand hard on the thigh
with a sort of sliding motion which wipes out
the sting, A sting will swell on a healthy
person in nearly every case it the person is
not used to it, and perhaps a little worse on
an unhealthy person; but after being stung
often one generally becomes to an extent
immune, so there is little or no swelling.

Puttlne on Supers

Is it better to put on supers before swarm-
ing-time or at once? Michigan.

Answer.— In most localities it is better to
put on supers before swarming begins. As
you are probably in a white-clover region,
you will do well to put on supers a week or
10 days after the ««/■?/>>«( clover blossom is
seen. Better put on supers too early than too
late.

Clipping Off Queens' Legs

In clipping queens, do you not sometimes
clip off a foot? It you should accidentally
do so, what effect would it have on the
queen? Would she die, stop laying, or be
superseded by the bees? Iowa.

Answer. — I think I was never more than
once so careless as to cut off a leg. A queen
with 5 legs will do good work laying, as I
have had several born lacking one leg.

Management for Increase

I bought a 3-frame nucleus May 12, and put
it in an S-frame hive with 5 frames of empty
combs. It has been said that properly man-
aged this could be increased to 4 or 5 full
colonies by fall. How ought it to be man-
aged in order to accomplish this result? I
have been feeding syrup, and the bees have
taken considerable of it into the combs.

Missouri.

Answer. — If any one tells you that you
can increase that 3-frame nucleus to 4 or 5
colonies by fall, tell him you don't believe it.
That's a feat for a veteran of long experience
under the most favorable circumstances. I
wouldn't dare to promise I would do it. To
make the greatest increase, you need famili-
arity with basic principles which you will get
from a book of instructions on bee-keeping.
This department is intended to supplement
such a book, not to take its place, for which
enough room could not be allowed. After
studying up the book, it anything is not clear,
I shall be glad to help clear up all 1 can in
this department.

Bees Gnawing Foundation In Sections

What is the cause of bees cutting, founda-
tion out of the sections? _ ^ 'rzs 'SZ

I am a beginner, having started with a
swarm which came to me July 6, 19U3. I
hived it in a box, and put it in an orchard,
where I keep it. In the spring of 1904 a
neighbor helped me to put the bees in a hive,
and I secured one swarm and 30 sections of
honey from them that season. I caught 3
runaway swarms, but lost 2 of them in the
winter.

I used inch starters in the sections, but this
spring I thought I would use full sheets, and
I notice that the bees are cutting out some of
them. lean not imagine what makes them
do it, unless 1 did not fasten them in right. I
fastened the foundation at both ends. Did I

June 8, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

409

do right, or ought the bottom to have been
left loose' Iowa.

Answer. — The foundation should not be
fastened at the bottom, but should be about
1^ inch short of reaching the bottom (unless
you usealso a small bottom-starter), other-
wise it is likely to sag and buckle. But that
was not the reason the bees gnawed it. They
probably gnawed the foundation because you
gave it to them entirely too early, when they
have no use for it. In your locality sections
should not be given till after clover is in
bloom. A book of instruction would be a
paying investment.

Colony With a Poor Queen

I have a colony of bees, hived about .luly 1
last year, which is not doing very well. I
found a queen in the hive to-day, but there
were hardly any eggs and only a small
quantity of brood in 4 or 5 frames. The queen
is very small compared to other queens in the
bee-yard. What ought I to do with this col-
ony* Iowa.

Answer.— If you had said the small amount
of brood and eggs was all in one frame, there
might be reason for believing that the queen
was all right in a very weak colony; but
when you say there is brood scattered in .5
frames, that condemns the queen. The only
thing to do is to destroy the queen and give
the colony another queen or a sealed queen-
cell, or else allow the bees to rear a queen,
giving them unsealed brood from other colo-
nies. All this on the supposition that the
colony is strong enough to be worth saving,
which is indicated by the brood scattered in 5
frames.

• — «-^»» — •

Corn Honey

I am sending you a sample of corn honey —
a thing not often to be had. Three colonies
brought in about 100 pounds last season, but
the other bees did not get beyond the pollen
contained in the tassels. Everything must be
just so for corn honey — plenty of rain during
the night, and temperature from about 70 to
SO degrees during the day. Pennsylvania.

Answer. — Thanks for the sample. It is
granulated extracted, of not very heavy body,
rather light amber in color, and of rather
pleasant flavor.

Space Between Bottom-Board and
Brood-Frames

How much space can be left from the bot-
tom-board to the bottom of the brood-frames
in summer or during the honey-flow, without
danger of the space being filled with comb?

Missonai.

Answer. — I don't know just how much.
Probably as much as 'i.^ of an inch with nar-
row bottom-bars, and perhaps a full inch
with bottom-bars I's wide.

Wintering Bees— Early Drones-
Swarming

My success in wintering bees in a cellar for
the first time the past winter prompts me to
relate it briefly, so you may form your own
conclusions as to whether it was ventilation
or what that gave me my success.

About Nov. 10, 1U04, I was passing through
the bee-yard and found a colony with plenty
of bees, but almost destitute of stores. I put
an empty super on, filled a pan with very thick
syrup from granulated sugar, and hoped for
warmer days, but was disappointed. There
were only a few days from then till I moved
them into the cellar that were warm enough
for the bees to go up and get the syrup. I
think they emptied the pan twice. Nov. 30
real winter seemed to be on us, and I carried
the bees to the cellar. There was a pan on
this hive nearly full of syrup which I removed
and marked the hive " Very poor. "

I made no preparation, but left the covers

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ABOUT THE SOlTfl

"About the South" is the name of a 64-page
illustrated pamphlet issued by the Passenger
Department of the

ILLIi\OISCEiWRALR.R.CO.

in which important questions are tersely an-
swered in brief articles about

Southern Farm Lands,

Mississippi Valley Cotton Lands,

Truck Farming-, Fruit Growing-,

Stock Raising-, Dairying-,

Grasses and Forag-e, Soils,

Market Facilities
and Southern Immigration

along the lines of the Illinois Central and
Yazoo & Mississippi Valley railroads, in the
States of Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi
and Louisiana, including the famous

YAZOO VALLEY

OF MISSISSIPPI

Send for a freeeopy to J. F. Merry, A.G.P.A.,
I. C. R. R , Dubuque, Iowa.

Information concerning rates and train serv-
ice to the South via the Illinois Central can
be had of agents of connecting lines, or by
addressing

A. H. HANSON, G.P.A., CHICAGO, ILL.

23A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

LICE SAP LIFE

Tliaf:- how they live and thrive.
ViMi can't have healthy, profitable
fi iwls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

prnmptly kills all insect vermin and
makes "sittine hens comfortable.
Sample tOc; 100 oz.. «1.00 by express.
O. K. STOCRFOOn CO.;
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bldg., Cblcaeo, IlL

flDiaru For Sale

In one of the best locations in the United
States, both as to honey and, market. No one
need write tne about it unless they mean busi-
ness, and have at least $700 cash to put in the
business. Address, W. S. MITCHELL,

22A4t MusEOGEE, Ind. Ter.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Tested $1.25 each

War. Tested 1. 00 "
tntested . . . .75 "
6 or more, lo percent
less.

Xo disease. Good Queens
ar.d prompt service guaran-
1 "ed. If you want a busi-
ness strain of bees send
vour order to

CHAS. M. DARROW,
D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

:3Atf

Please meutiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

on without any cushion or top ventilation,
and no ventilation below except the suQimer
entrance. The thermometer registered from
38 to 4.T degrees almost all of the time, and
the bees were constantly humming. Some
weeks after they were put in a few dead bees
began showing on the floor, and I suppose
during the winter I swept up a quart of dead
bees from the 10 colonies— the number I put
in. They were let severely alone till March
5, 100.5. It being a warm sunshiny day I car-
ried out one colony. This was a colony of
yellow Italians that I had developed last sum-
mer from a :^-frame nucleus. My reason for
selecting this colony was that I noticed there
was some dripping at the entrance, while the
others were perfectly dry. I should state that
this hive stood only 6 inches from the bottom
of the cellar, while the others were a foot
from the bottom and tiered up on each other.
I found the bottom-board covered with a
black muck and smelling ugly. I cleaned this
all off. The bees had a fine flight and I re-
turned them to the cellar that evening. There
was a hive full of bees and some honey and
abundance of brood In all stages. This, re-
member, was March 5.

March 1? being very warm in the morning,
I went into the cellar, and although it was
very dark it was full of bees, flying in every
direction. I immediately opened the outside
entrance and without coat, hat, or gloves car-
ried out the 10 colonies. I got several doses
of anti-rheumatic for my temerity. I put
them on the summer stands and they have
been there since. I found them nearly all
very populous, but not a great supply of
honey. There was one with only a few bees
and every comb full of honey. It is building
up riipidly now. It seemed to me that I took
out more bees than I put in. In 2 colonies I
am sure I did. The hives in these two in-
stances would hardly hold the bees, and one
of them sent off a swarm May 12, covering
every frame in an S-frame hive. It was a
tremendously big swarm. Did they rear
brood all winter?

Now the colony that swarmed is poor in
honey. In fact, they are all getting skimped,
as there were 4 big freezes here after fruit
was in bloom, and I think these destroyed the
saccharine in the blossoms. Then it is rain-
ing so much it is impossible to gather any
nectar. I am going to have to feed some if it
does not soon warm up and bring out white
clover.

Now as to the colony fed syrup in Novem-
ber and marked " Very poor." It came
through in fine condition and is now threaten-
ing to swarm, though it is almost destitute of
honey. The colony of yellow Italians that I
put out March 5 and then returned till March
17 (the day I took all of them out) and which
was full of bees March 5, dwindled and died
till they did not cover more than 3 frames.
Was this because of the flight March 5, or
was it because the bees were not healthy * I
am unable to account for the early appear-
ance of so many drones. Can you i Remem-
ber I am only a novice.

I reported No. 1 as sending out a very large
swarm May 12. I put the new colony on the
old stand, and moved the parent colony the
width of itself west, expecting to carry it to
some distant part of the yard when the 8 days
were up. This morning (May 18) was cloudy
and windy, the thermometer registering 58
degrees. The parent colony sent out another
good swarm. I caught one queen, and saw
another with the swarm, which I put baclj in
the parent colony. May 10 I carried it toan-
oiher part of the yard. Lying in front of this
parent colony this morning is a dead queen,
and a cap off of a queen-cell. Did the queen
I returned kill another, or get killed? If it
were not so cold I would examine the hive
and see how many more queens are there.

Illinois.

AS8WER.— As you are south of latitude 40
degrees, it would generally be supposed that
outdoor wintering would be best for you; but
your success iu cellaring seems a pretty good
warrant for its continuance.

One factor iu your favor, judging from the
sketch j'ou send, is that there is abundant
provision for ventilation without letting light
into the cellar.

It is not at all likely that brood was reared
all winter iu any colony : but the rearing of
so much brood at an unusually early date

410

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 8, 190S

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices,

Rooh Smokers M Extractors, Daflant's Comli Founiialioii, Bingtiaiii Smokers

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freieht paid to your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
each year into every State east of the Rocky Mountains; let us ship to you.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order if You say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

eZiI St. Indianapolis, Ind.

please mention Ben JoumaT -when ■writine:

A Standard-Bred Italian (Jneen-Bee Free !

For Sending One New Subscriber.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fine, Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the follow-
ing conditions, all of which must be strictly followed;

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own
subsc.'iption paid in advance at least to the end of this year

2. Sending your own name with the $1.00 for the Bee Journal
will not entitle you to a Queen as a premium. The sender must
be already a paid-in-advance subscriber as above, and the new sub-
scriber must be a NEW subscriber; which means, further, that
the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at
least not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a

new one; and, also, the new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where
the Bee'Journal is already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need be
made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be earned in
a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

We will book the orders as they come in and the Queens will be mailea
Will you have one or more?

It you cannot get a new subscriber, and want one of these Queens, we will send tne
American Bee Journal a year and the Queen — both for only $1.50. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, EL.

We are

Manufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large quantity of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

may have had something to do with the
dwindling of the one colony. It probably
suffered also for want of ventilation, as shown
by the dampness while other colonies were
dry. Possibly its being nearer the ground
had also some effect. The flight March 5 was
hardly to blame.

The early appearance of drones is no more
than a mark of prosperity, and also a result
of the fact that the season was earlier than
usual, notwithstanding the fact that there
has been so much backward weather since the
opening of spring that the season is now no
earlier than usual.

You should not wait 8 days till after the is-
sue of the prime swarm before moving the
old colony to a new location, for usually the
second swarm issues at about that time.
About a week is long enough, and that's too
long if the prime swarm has been delayed as
to issuing by bad weather.

I don't know whether the virgin queen you
returned was killer or killed. There was a
tight to the finish among all the queens pres-
ent, and the strongest remained victor.

Queens ! ITALIAN Queens !

By Return Mall

Queens from Root's Red Clover Stock and
Golden Italian Queens, the best honey-gather-
ers in America. Untested, 50c each, or $6 OO per
dozen. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your
orders to

E. A. SIMMONS,

22Atf FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.

nease mentton Bee journal •wnen •writing

For Queens

At!

Plea.se mention See Juumal vrnea vtmune.

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclalr. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1 ; Untested. '5c ; 5 for $3.25; 10 for
$6; 15 for ?S.25; 25 for $12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

Please mention Bee joomal ^hec -ai-itiius

$21.35 to Asbury Park, N. J., $21.35

and return, via Nickel Plate Road.
Tickets good via New York City. • Dates
ot sale, .Tune 29 and 30 and .July 1 and 2,
with extreme return limit of Aug. 31, by
depositing ticket. , Chicago City Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams St. and Auditorium
Annex. Depot, La Salle and Van Buren
Sts., on Elevated Loop. 8— 23A4t

Southwestern Bee-keepers
SAVE MONEY

See our prices on all Bee-KEEPERS* SUP-
PLIES beiore you buy. aena for Catalog'. We
carry a full and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HQNEY-CANS AND FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co. in Texas
as their sole and exclusive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant & Sons' world-
famous Comb Foundation exclusively. Get our
prices before buviug.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quanlitj at all reasons of the year.
Let us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Bought and sold. We will buy your honey-
crop, and we especially want your beeswax at
highest market price?.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.,

(H. H. UvDE, Successor)
IDtf SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Please mention Bee Joomal 'Vhen writlaft-

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

June 8. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

411

2\cport5 anb
(Sxpcrtcnccs

Bees Doing: Well

Bees wintered well on the summer stands.
No losses. One swarm came off yesterday, a
good, large one. Hived nicely. Is this the
first swarm reported this season in this region?
One colony is working in the super. We hope
for a good honey season. A, B. Mettlek.

Will Co,, 111., May 24.

[We have published all the very early
swarms that have been reported to us. —
Editor]

Heavy Winter Losses— Good Pfos-
peets

Apple-trees are in bloom now and bees are
doing very well, but we still have some frost
at nights. Some of my colonies in 12-frame
hives have 9 frames of brood. The winter
loss seemed very heavy just in this immediate
locality, but mostly from lack of feed. There
were also a great many queenless colonies
this spring, and some spring dwindling.

Clover never looked more promising, and if
nothing happens to prevent it we will have
another 1903, I have found some queen-cells
in my best colonies, Harvey Smith.

Ontario, Canada, May 22.

,.'f>.

Shalien Swarms Without Shaiiinpr

On pages 411,459,493,520, (1904) will be
found references to a plan which I stated on
page 411 under the head of " Shaken Swarms
Without Shaking." I do not remember to
have seen any other mention of it. I would
like to call the attention of the readers to it,

BLACK JBREASTCn FIE» CAMES- '

•• The KINO of V'ouitry. '^ Large

size, good layers oi' finest eggs.

Hardy and fearless, the best all

urpose fowl. Willow legs and

lav eyes. Illustrated circular.

26t6year. H. H. FLICK,

MANCHESTER, MD.

The most attractive eastern ex-
cursion during the coming summer vi^ill
be to Asbury Park, N. J , on occasion
of the annual meeting of National Edu-
cational Association, .luly 3 to 7, inclu-
sive, via the Nickel Plate Road and its
connections, either the West Shore or
LackawannaRoad,with privilege of stop-
over at Chautauqua Lake points, Niag-
ara Falls and New York City. Rate,
$21.35 for the round-trip. Dates of sale,
June 29 and 30 and July 1 and 2, with
extreme return limit of Aug. 31, by de-
positing ticket. Patrons of this route
may have the choice of a ride over the
most interesting mountain scenery in
New York and Pennsylvania, and
through the celebrated Delaware Water
Gap, or through the beautiful Mohawk
Valley and down the Hudson River,
which ajso includes the privilege of a
ride on day line boat on Hudson River,
between Albany and New York City, in
either direction, if desired. No excess
fare charged on any train on Nickel
Plate Road, Meals served in Nickel
Plate dining cars, on American Club
Meal Plan, ranging in price from 3Sc to
$1,00 ; also a la carte. Chicago Depot,
La Salle St. Station, corner Van Buren
and La Salle Sts. City ticket oilices. 111
Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.

For further particulars, address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 7— 23A4t

*' If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

.•Air. >*«.

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosler Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Mail

•»»•■

■».»,«■

Untested Queeo * ."5

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen *S.OD

Best Imported Queen. S.OO,

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

fi.i*i.i*iki*i.i*i.ifji.i&.i&.ifjii!'i^^

!>T7iT?»T7»T7»T7»?T»T7»?Tf."'!»<^l.-'!»." '!♦.•'!».• ^f" i»- ^»- ^t? ■!♦• ^%r il.- ■!♦.• ■!»• -!»• ^t.-

Gel Good Queens and Mh

It costs uou no more

XX

We turnish them on short notice

Untested, 75 cents each ; S4 for 6 ; or ST. 50 per dozen. Tested, SI.25 each. Breeders, $3.

Nuclei— I frame with queen, §1,50; 2-frame, *3; 3-frame, $2,50,

Absolute satisfaction or no deal. We breed 6 pure races. Price-list describing them free.

We are agents for the Wittiner Comb ■-''oiindat ion for this State, and all that are
nearer us than them, at Dittmer's prices. If you wish your Wax worked up into Founda-
tion for cash, we will receive same and furnish you the Foundation from our stock, which
will save you much time and freight.

TBE BEE m HONEY COMPAHY, BteTllle, Bee Co., Texas.

OolflenQoeensanOBees

Ready June 1. Hustlers for honey; very gen-
tle, non-swarming. Price-list now ready— also
an 8-page leaflet on queen-rearing, including my
experience in curing pickled brood, black brood
and bee-paralysis, sent free to all who apply.

HENRY ALLEY,

13Atf WENHAM, MASS.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cookp Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

§ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

ourHI^V^ES and SEOTIOlSrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and' Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. us.a

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Powcy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, /Vtgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Cliicago, ill.

412

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Junes 1905

B66=SllDDll6S!

Discount for Earlu Orders

We carry a larg-e stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massle Hives, etc.

_ WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Sapply Co.» Lincoln,NeD.; Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

DiuniBr's Founflaiion is tii6 Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Disconnts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dutmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

6flR-L0flD§

of Lewis' B-Ware come to our city for distri-
bution. We carry a large stoclt which enables
us to make immediate deliveries. We invite
your inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Davenport, lowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVII/LE, TENN.

t^"J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Please mention See Journal "when ■wrriting.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., riarshfleld, Wis.

G. B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

We carry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundation Cutter free with each order, if you state where you saw this ad.

i3Atf NORRIS & ANSPACH, Kenton, Ohio.

to see if any one has tried it. I have used it
3 seasons now and it worlcs well with me. It
saves lots of worls, and, with variations that
will occur to any one, does the job of shook
swarming without shaiting. The essential of
the plan is using the bee-escape board to get
all the field-bees into the old colony, and as
many young ones as may be desired.

Turner Buswell.
Somerset Co., Maine, May 22.

Bees Working in Decoy Hives

That afterthought on page 376 has made me
do quite a bit of thinking. At first blush I
was inclined to think that the chance to do
something at cleaning out a decoy hive would
make the bees more willing to accept it ; but
the more 1 think about it the less inclination
I have in that direction. The sentimental
fancy that bees are attached to a place be-
cause of their remembrance of hard work
done there is somewhat attractive, Mr. Hasty,
but it hasn't good wearing qualities. Of
course they can't '■ go and work day after day
in a hive where there is no work to do;" but
that doesn't prove that they prefer a place
where there is much worlc to do. If they
were after work, they would prefer an empty
hive to one filled with combs, and I have had
evidence that they have no such preference.

I have had abundant opportunity to see
scouts at work, and it you will drop in al-
most any day throughout the season I'll show
you scouts working at hives containing empty

On6-n6G6 SoGilons

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBIft MFG. GO. '^'^It'

t^eaae tuAntlOD Bee JOTirraj ■wnen wntinfe
bo SJE9.C XE o^ g tnojj jsbj pay S; .

P«1'<118J8, '83, 'ua £c laos H

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
If I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.
flease mention Bee joumaa wliea writtny

June 8, 1905 -

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

413

1

U

DAMIfT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

^♦T'J

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

combs. They're by no means always at work,
but seem to get a lot of enjoyment out of
simply flying in and out of the empty hive,
which exercise they keep up day after day till
something happens in their native place to
make them give up the scout business. As
nearly as I can interpret their utterances,
they say, " We like this place ever so much
better for having combs already built; our
business is to spend most of our daylight time
here till the swarm is ready to come, and in
the meantime if there is any cleaning up to do
we may as well be at it."

Now, Mr. Hasty, don't you go and say I'm
not a good interpreter. C. C. Miller.

McHenry Co., 111.

White Bush Clover

I send a new flower which appeared in this
(Atascosa) County 2 years ago. It is a fine
honey-plant and produces the finest honey we
have. It blooms in May and lasts until
August. What is its name* W. T. Brite.

Atascosa Co., Tex., May 10.

[The plant is the white bush clover (Peta-
lostemon candidus), and is pretty well spread
over the prairie States. Being a clover it
would be sadly out of place if it did not give
the bees something fine. — C. L. Walton.]

The Cotton Controllable Hive

I notice on page 35!l " The Wonderful ( <)
Cotton ' Controllable ' Hive." I will give my
experience with it. In June, 1SS5. I pur-
chased one of the Cotton Controllable hives
for $4 and put a swarm of hybrid bees into it.
I never saw bees work better. Not being a
very good honey season I fed them 50 cents
worth of syrup to give them a start. Aug 10
following I took off 60 pounds of nice white
honey in glass honey boxes, and sold it at 15
cents a pound. But the hive was so expensive
that I abandoned it. and am now using the

The Novelty Pocket-Knife.

Vour Name and Address oa one side— Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the i'CLL Size op the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say just what name and
Address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife ia indeed a aovelty. The novelty lies Id the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscritjer, and on the other side pictures of a Qaeen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

... /'he Material entering into this celebrated knife Is of the verv best qnality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razir-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linini;s are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

i Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the "Noveltv" is lost, havin;; name and address
ot owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the inife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for.
lunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier: and It
caseof death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could
to a s — f.. ..^ - 1 — 1 — J _ _. _. . .

the name <

„i . ^' 1, . _, 'c ^.- — -^- — i-.x-.^^.... .. uHv .uv.,^ ....^..tue u.^iucuit^ ^uuiu A mother

give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife havla*
of the recipient on one side? "

The accompanying cnl gives a faint idea, but cannot fnlly convey an exact representation of
thislbeantiful knife, as th^ " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

Mow to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or grive it as a Preminm to th«
one sending ns\HRKE new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with ^1.00.) We will club the NovelM
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO. Chicago. lU

0"Pleaso allot- -'boat two weeks for your knife order to l« tilled.
..rJi" Please mention the American Bee Journal when writing advertisers.

414

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 8, 1905

IF YOU WANT

LEWIS

POPULAR
BEE-SUPPLIES

BY RETURN FREIGHT
OR EXPRESS,

SEND TO

H. M. Aknd, Manager.

York Honey -^^9^- Co.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

A FULL LINE OF BEE-SUPPLIES ON HAND

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases— everything used by the practi-
cal, up-to-date bee keeper.

Catalojr and prices on Honey on application. If you want <>ioocl Croods
at Factory Prices and Prompt !$liipnient, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED — 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

$12.25 to Niagara Falls and Return

via Nickel Plate Road, .lune 18, 19 and
20, with return limit of June 24, or by
depositing ticket limit of July 14 may
be obtained. Through vestibuled sleep-
ing-cars. No excess fare charged on
any train on the Nickel Plate Road
Meals served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars, on American Club Meal Plan, rang-
ing in price from 35 cents to $1.00 ; also
a la carte. For further information,
write John Y. Calahan, t^.eneral Agent,
113 Adams St., Room 298, Chicago, 111.
Passenger Station at Chicago, corner
Van Buren and La Salle Sts., on the
Elevated Loop. Chicago City Ticket
OfBces, 111 Adams St. and Auditorium
Annex. 10-23A2t

VIKGINIA QUEENS Iffl^.linirylifs

of careful seleciion from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Jlutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June IS, t.Oc; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, "5c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
£ard for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17A26t Fredericksbcrg, V A.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers ot Michigan. I am on the Fere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

lSA12t FREMONT. MICH.

Bees,Queeiis and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .90

One tested queen 1.10

One select tested queen . . 1.40

One breeding queen 2.20

One comb nucleus (no
queen) 1.10

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. J. t,. SXR4»3iCi.
204 East Logan Street CLARINDA IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

It so, we caa fill jour order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3-band Italians; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$S per doz. Tested Queens, pleach. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

l3Atf LoREAuviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

^'eaae mention iioe joamai ■woen ■wrnJi.^

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I No BreakagCo^^RSections

•^ Out of 1500 shipped one of our customers, that he folded, not one broke. There [

'■^ are but few No. 1 Sections on the market that will equal this record. In addition ;

!^ our price for No. 3 Sections is so far below the No. 1 that you can't aSord to send ,

^ away for your si; l*I»I.IES anywhere else.

.y Our goods are made on honor and any article not entirely satisfactory to you

•5 will be replaced or money refunded. Send us a sample order for a crate of our

iS No. 2 Sections. Do it now.

it JOHN DOLL & SON,

i5 Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

^/(fy(f>(t>(f>^f>'ff>^fy(f>?f>?*>?»?

Danzenbaker and Langstroth-Simplicity hives
exclusively.

At that time, in 1SS5, the hive and system
of management was all right, but the price of
the hive and bees— •■?20 — was an outrage.
There being no patent on the Cotton hive,
they can be furnished complete with a full set
ot glass honey boxes, holding about 2 pounds
of houey each, with a full colony of Italian
bees, for SIO. I have full and complete plans
for the hive and outfit. Subscriber.

Boone Co., Mo., May '20.

Wintering — Discouraging Outioolt

Last season I lost 1S4 colonies out of 185.
Then I bought, requeened, and put into the
cellar TO strong colonies, and carried from the
cellar 40 live colonies. 25 of them very strong.
Yesterday I took an inventory, and I found
S colonies with about 8 pints of bees, and I
am having no worse luck than my neighbors.

I will give, as nearly as I can, the number
of colonies of bees in this and 5 adjoining
towns 20 years ago, and contrast them with
the number at the present time :

Rupert, 1885 2100 Same, 1905. .20

Pawlet, " 700 " " . . 4

Dasset, '• 400 " " ..60

Sandgate, " 300 " " . . 2

Hebron, N.Y., 1885.. 350 " " ..40
Salem, 1885 450 " " ..70

I have had letters from other towns in the
county, and the decrease is about the same.

1 had a letter from a man in Sunderland, Vt.,
saying that he had only 3 colonies left out of
So which he had 3 years ago.

I have tried every way that I could read or
think of to keep the bees. I have not lost 20
colonies because of their not having stores
enough, and in 55 years I have never had a
swarm winter in any kind of double-walled
hive left out-doors, never had them in S-frame
dovetailed hives but 2 winters, and have built

2 new houses at a cost of .S5000, my aim in
building both these houses being to have a
cellar that would winter bees. They are dry
and well-ventilated, and the temperature is
from 42 to 46 degrees, hut after the bees have
been in the cellar about 4 weeks they will be-
gin to roar and come out, and they keep this
up all winter, and if I leave them out they do
the same. I will give any one .$100 who will
give me a successful plan that will winter and
spring 90 percent of the strong colonies put
into winter quarters. The time will soon
come when the hum of the honey-bee on the
willow or apple tree, will not be heard in this
vicinity. C. M. Lincoln.

Bennington Co., Vt., May 24.

Strange Season in Texas

Wo are having a strange season in Texas.
Uvalde has lost its honey crop for this year,
we understand, but suppose they will have
some honey. We are having a fine honey-llow
now from horsemint, which bids fair to be the
largest crop in years, for this location.

Southwestern Bee Co.

Bexar Co., Tex., May 27.

H0NEY=JAR5.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross in case complete
in S-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 & 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

BY RETURN MAIL.:

Try Taylor's 3 banded leather-colored and 5-
banded Golden Queens— the best honeygather-
erers in America. Untested, 75c each, or fS per
dozen; tested, $1, or $10 per dozen; select tested,
$1.50 each: breeders, the best, $3 each. I have
been breeding queens fcr 17 yearp, and I know
what a good queen is. No small queens sent
out. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your or-
ders to J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark.

16Atf Please mention the JBee Journal.

June 8 ivi 5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

415

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest-Prices

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

TheAmericanBeeReeper

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

199 SOUTH WATER ST. CHICAGO,

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one-piece Sections, Comb Foundalion,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Bees and Queens for sale
in season. A. W. SWAI & CO., Crnlralia, K^iri.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal,

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

STANDARD

Poultry AND

Rf^^ SUPPLIES

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS.

Our 60-page Illustrated Catalog is out.
Send for one. IT'S FREE.

GRIGGS: BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOXjBDO, - OHIO.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOE 1905 NOW 01 HiBD.
FEEIGHT EiTES FEOM CIBCINlllTI iEE THE lOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW eOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed. _

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

1^^ For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, May ■^.— With April about all the
trade in comb hooey ceases so far as this mar-
ket is concerned; occabionally a case sells, but
no lots, so that prices now are practically with-
out change, pending the new crop. Extracted
is exceedingly slow of sale; white ranges from
5M".'"c, and amber 5J4@6c, according to flavor,
quality and package. Beeswax in active de-
maud at 30c. K. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, June 2.— There is only a fair de-
mand for honey at the present time. We quote
amber extracted honey in bairels at 45^(goc. ac-
cording to qualiiy. White clover extracted at
6H(a:Sc. The comb honey market is practically
closed for the summer. Beeswax. 2'?c.

Thb Fred W.Mdth Co.

Boston, May 23.— Our honey market contin-
ues very dull, with very little movement to be
noted. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1,
12i4(al3c. Extracted, from 6@8c, according to
quality. Blake, Scott & X^eb.

Philadelphia, May 19.— The season is about
over for the sale of comb honey, with so few
sales that the market is not esiablished enough
to quote price. Extracted honey has met with
some demand, and we quote as follows; White,
6@7c; amber, 5?^''_' be. Beeswax, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, April 19.— There is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only. Beeswax firm at 30c.

Uildreth <Se Sboblkbn.

Kansas City, May 12.— The honey situation
is a little stronger, and there is but little honey
left in the hand of the dealers. Best honey
bringing from $2.25 to $2. £0 a case; amber at
from 25@50cacase lower. Extracted, 4H@6c.
Beeswax, 2Sc. C. C. Clemohs & Co.

Cincinnati, O., May IS.— The large stock of
comb honey yet offered with hardly any de-
mand causes lower prices. I quote fancy water-
white at I2c; other grades lower, in proportion.
Extracted is in ubual demand for this season
of the year. We quote white clover 7(a-8c; am-
ber in barrels at 5!i'^5Mc; in cans, 5}i(g^(> cents.
Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Weber.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote; Fancy white, 13@l4c; No. 1, 12faH3c;
mixed, 10(S lie; buckwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,
better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6Hc; white,
6@6V^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, May 3.— White comb, l-lb.
sections, 11@12 cents; amber, 8'<olOc. Eitracted-
white, 5H®6 cents; light amber, 4@5c; am-
ber, 3@3^c; dark amber, 25i@3c. Beeswax-
good to choice, light, 29@30c; dark, 27@28c.

The steamer City of Peking, sailing Saturday
last, took 85 cases for Belgium. Movement on
local account is light. Buyers are holding off,
anticipating arrivals of new crop at an early
day.

DOOUTTLE'S

Partner telling his
best girl about the
tine

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one of their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

llDtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. V.

^W Full infi-rmatlon regarding all kinds of BEE-
KEEPER;-' SUPPLIES, Best goods. Latest im-
provements. Danzenbaber Hives and Fixtures'
Prompt shipments. John Nebel & SON StjppLr
Co.. High Hill. Mo. 3Dtf

lO-Page Catalog Free!

Lice Killing Machine

era. HRodlea may fowl, emfcllest ohitk to lar«st
gobbler. MfcdeUthrMmea. Pays f^t ttielf first
•euon. Also LighrTiing lie* A'iJanj? pji^der.
Poultry Bit; Lice Mnrdrr.ttc. Wc leatt epe<^l;»l
low eiprMS T»t*(i. CaUU'Jsentfrtfl. ■WrlioKTil.

CHAULES 8CHILD t'O.
401 Detroit St., Cleveland, OUO

416

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 8, 190S

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National Bee=Keepers' Convention at San Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 31 and Nov. i, 2.

^ee Journal

45th Yeaf

CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 15, 1905

No. 24

418

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 15, 19C'5

GLEANINGS

IN BEE=CULTURE

It is most possible that every reader of the American Bee Journal
is familiar with Gleanings. But how many are numbered among us
subscribers? They all should be, for a bee-keeper that finds one bee-
paper profitable can afiord another and still increase his profits.
Gleanings has many points of excellence. We outline a few of them
below But we would prefer to have you read our new "Gleanings
Prospectus." This is a 24-page booklet telling all about Gleanings.
A postal will bring it !

Contributors

Gleanings has a splendid array of departments and contributors.
Every issue should be worth the price of a year's subscription to any
bee-keeper. We can't give a complete list here, but if you read the
list below you will i«' how valuable a paper we are publishing.

Stray Straws

By Dr. C. C. Miller. In this department you will find him at
his best.

Bee-Keeping' Among- the Rockies

By J. A. Green. The bee-keepers of this region will
find their interests well taken care of; indeed, Mr.
Green's articles are read with pleasure everywhere.

Gleanings from the Pacific Coast

By Prof. A. J. Cook. The Coast bee-keepers have
problems of their own, and Prof. Cook is perhaps the
best authority. His department is always timely and of
great interest.

Bee-Keeping in the Southwest

By Louis H. Scholl. The Southwest is a great bee-keeping
country. Mr. Scholl is a practical bee-keeper and a writer of note.

Conversations with Doolittle

Perhaps no one writer has contributed so much information to
modern bee-keeping. In this department appear his best articles, and
no bee-keeper can afiord to miss a single one.

Pickings

By Stenog. A review of all apicultural literature.

Heads of Grain

A gold mine of valuable ideals for the bee-keeper. Every issue
contains 20 to 30 short articles by bee-keepers, telling of their favorite
way of doing things. Illustrated by an expert.

General Correspondence

Should have been entitled, " Golden Correspondence." In every
number the most successful bee-keepers of the world tell their expe-
riences. No bee-keeper can afford to miss a word from such men :is
these: Hoffman, Burnett, Hershiser, Hyde, Alexander, Bingham,
West, Phillips, etc., etc.

Illustrations

Every number of Gleanings contains such a wealth of illustrations
that it is exceeded by no other bee-paper in the world. Full-page and
lees of the best half-tones printed on special paper as well as numerous
line cuts. This item alone doubles the value of Gleanings.

Special Offers

To induce every reader of the American Bee Journal to read
Gleanings also, we make the following special offers: Pick out the
one that suits you, and then send TO-DAY. You cannot regret this
move.

1. Gleanings and the American Bee Journal one year $1.75

2. Six months' Trial 25

3. Gleanings 1 year, and Red Clover Italian Queen (April, May,

or June) 1.50

4. Gleanings 1 year and A B C of Bee-Culture, postpaid 2.00

5. Gleanings 1 year and Langstroth revised, postpaid 2.00

6. Gleanings 1 year and Doolittle's Queen-Rearing, postpaid 1.75

~. Gleanings 1 year and Standard Cornell Smoker, postpaid 1.85

Our Second Prize Photo Competition

Is open to all subscribers of the American Bee Jour-
nal. Read the conditions over and try to win one of
our prizes :

We offer the foUowing^ prizes for different
kinds of photos : Class A, photo of apiary.
Class B, photo of comb honey. Class C, photo
of any object of interest to bee-keepers, not in-
cluded in first two classes.

REWARDS

Each class will be awarded a first, second,
and third prize. First prize, winner will be al-
lowed to select goods from our catalog to the
amount ©f $5; second prize, same as first, except amount
is $3 ; third prize, same as first, except amount is $2.

#

CONDITIONS

Contest closes Sept. 1, 1905. Contest is open to all ages,
and limited to United States and Canada, as the foreign
contest is still on. We suggest that photos of honey should
show the product of one colony, and be arranged so as to
expose the entire face of each section, similar to the photos
often shown by Mr. Danzenbaker. If preferred, a select 10
sections could be photographed, or any other idea may
be used.

Photos should not be marked in any way, but your full
name and address should be put on a separate sheet, and
enclosed with photo, marked " For prize competition." Do
not neglect this. Photos not winning a prize will be paid
for according to the value to us, if we can use them. The
prizes will be awarded with special reference to clearness
of photo and artistic beauty and the instructive and inter-
est-drawing power. No photo returned unless stamp is en-
closed for return. Prize-winning photos are to become our
property.

SA-Ii^PTjEI COP'S" FK.EB

THE A. I. ROOT COflPANY

New York, 44 Veseu St^

HEDINA, OHIO

BRflNGHES : Ghicago, 144 1. trie St. Philadelphia, 10 Vine Si.

9)&&&&&&&&^&&&^®^'&^^^i^^^&^^&@'&&^^-&&&&^^&&^^^&

Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
PiibUslied YVeekly at 81>00 a Year by Oeorge "W. York &. Co., 334 Mearborn St.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 15, 1905

Vol, XLV— No. 24

r

(f bitorial Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

'^

\,

J

Honey Definition and Standards

Prof. E. N. Eaton, analyst of the Illinois
State Food Commission, has sent us the fol-
lowing, with the request that we submit it to
bee-keepers for their opinions, the same to be
sent to this office, when we will refer them to
him:

Suggested Definition and Standards
for Honey

ANIMAL PRODUCTS
Sugars
Commercial Honet —

Commercial honey is nectar of flowers or
similar saccharine secretions or exudations
gathered from natural sources by the honey-
bee, transformed and stored in a comb com-
posed exclusively of bee's wax.

Cumb Jfuneji is honey in the comb.

E-ctrai-ted Huneij is honey removed from
the comb.

COMMON STANDARD —

Should be ripe, unfermented, free from ob-
jectionable odor and flavor, and, if extracted
honey, should weigh at least llj-.^ pounds per
gallon.
CHEMICAL STANDARD — Percent

Water — maximum 20

Sucrose (cane-sugar) — max 7

Prof. Eaton is endeavoring to assist in
establishing a code of definitions and stand-
ards of food products for the guidance of the
various State Food Commissions, and will
appreciate any aid that bee-keepers can give
him on the subject of honey.

» Keeping Qualities of Honey
Extracted honey is sometimes spoken of as
a thing that may be kept an indefinite num-
ber of years without deterioration— unless
granulation be considered deterioration. But
those who have tried keeping it a number of
years are well aware that it undergoes
changes easily recognizable — changes that are
not for the better— it is reasonable to suppose
that some deterioration takes place in a much
shorter time, even it that change be not so

I easily recognized.
The change that takes place is both in color
and in body. At the Colorado State conven-
tion, as reported in Irrigation, H. Rauchfuss
showed a sample of comb honey 3 years old
that was in a fine state of preservation, but
" it was getting darker in color with each

comb was darkening." He also showed a 14
year old sample of extracted honey gathered
from cleome " which was almost wholly
liquid, but was very much darkened with age.
The samples of extracted had all candied
promptly after being extracted, but after a
time would again liquefy wholly or in part,
about once in a year or two years passing
from one to the other condition and back
again.

" The later granulations are never so firm
as the first, and usually the liquefyings are
not complete either, it gradually changes to a
semi-liquid condition seldom all becoming
liquid, and as it candies again it is more truly
a granulation, the granules being mixed with
liquid parts. All samples of aged honeys
show a decided tendency to become darker
with age."

Mr. R. C. Aikin said: " I have a sample of
white clover extracted honey 30 years old. It
has showed the same peculiarities as that by
Mr. Rauchfuss. It remained liquid the better
part of a year, but gradually candied. I do
not remember how long it was candied, but
think it was about the second year that it be-
gan to liquefy standing on a shelf in a com-
paratively warm place not far from a stove,
until it was almost entirely liquid except some
granules. After this it candied as described
by Mr. Rauchfuss, not a true condition, but a
liquid full of granules. It has since become
almost entirely liquid, remaining for the past
15 or 20 years a liquid with a cake of crystal-
lized honey in it together with some granules
throughout the mass. It is now about as
dark as dark sorghum molasses, such as we
used to make 20 or 30 years ago."

Stewart's Foul -Brood Treatment

The Bee-Keepers' Review gives a plan of
treatment obtained from W. H. H. Stewart,
as follows :

Mr. Stewart's plan is simply that of giving
the colony a new location, and allowing the
returning bees to enter any colonies that they
choose — probably lho.se standing near the old
stand. The diseaseil colony is moved in the
evening, after the bees have stopped flying.
Even if the moving does disturb the bees, or
cause them to fill themselves with honey, none
fly from the hive, and by morning all has be-
come quiet, and all bees leaving the hive will
be empty and in a normal condition. When
such bees return wi;a a load, they go back to
the old location, and join some neighboring
colony. They are not lost. Other things be-

ing equal, a bee is worth as much in one col-
ony as in another.

In S or 10 days the hive is again moved to a
new location, and left there several days,
when it is picked up and carried into the shop.
As the bees hatch out, and become old enough
to fly, they leave the hive, fly to the window,
go out through an escape, and probably join
some colony in the apiary.

The combs eventually become free of bees
or healthy brood, when they may be rendered
into wax after extracting the honey. All
this has been accomplished without any risky
shaking off of the bees, or even so much as
the opening of a liiae. Can anything be more
simple or easy of accomplishment?

This is somewhat after the Baldridge plan,
which allows the bees of a diseased colony to
escape in front of a neighboring colony
through an escape. In the Baldridge plan of
curing foul brood the trouble of putting
on the escape stands against the two re-
movals in the Stewart plan, but the Baldridge
plan has the advantage that no robbers can
enter the infected hive, while with the Stewart
plan the colony, weakened by removal, and
especially by the second removal, would most
surely be at times attacked by robbers. To
be sure, an escape could be used with the
Stewart plan, but then it would have no
advantage over the other.

Celluloid for Queen-Excluders

In the British Bee .Journal Mr. Reid is re-
ported as saying that he had used nothing
else but celluloid for queen-excluders, and
that they continued sound and could be
depended upon.

Oisinfectlni; Combs With Formalin

At the Ontario convention, as reported in
the Canadian Bee Journal, Mr. Sibbald said:

" A year ago I thought of curing by the
formalin method, and went to considerable
trouble to get everything in good shape, ac-
cording to the directions as I understood
them. I fumigated a number of combs, and I
think I turned on the formalin gas for about
two hours, and I used it pretty strong, be-
cause I could hardly take out the combs the
next day, but the disease developed after I
gave the combs back to the bees. I thought
perhaps I didn't give them enough formalin,
and so I kept the lamp going all night; not
only was the box full of gas, but the room
also. I left thein for two weeks in that box,
covered up ti^jht, and when I came to take
them out I could hardly ijear to reach down
into the bos, th" formalin was so strong. I
gave the como ugain to the bees, and the dis-
ease developed again."

Prof. Harrison, while admitting that Mr.
Sibbald had been very thorough in his work.

420

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June IS, 1905

still felt that if used correctly formalia might
be depended upon. He told about its use in
disinfecting rooms from diphtheria, tubercu-
losis and small-pox, and said ;

" I am convinced of its efficiency for the
' bacillus alvei ' if it is properly done. In all
these cases, in the application of formalin
vapor, there is one point to be remembered,
that the gas generated is more potent, that is
to say, more germ-kiUing it the temperature
is low and it there is lots ot moisture in the
air— a low temperature— because it is easy to
hold the moisture in the air when the tem-
perature is low rather than high. In all these
oases one has either to hang wet sheets in the
room or else get moisture in the room by
turning on the steam jet, allowing it to cool
a little When the air is well saturated with
moisture, and if there is bedding or anything
of that sort to disinfect, we very frequently
sprinkle it with water in order to get more
moisture present, then the gas is much more
potent and more effective. That is also true
of disinfecting any combs you may have. I
would strongly advise either the spraying or
sprinkling of them. I suppose it would not
hurt to dip them in water Then having
generated the gas, they should be left in this
tight box for at least 12 hours.

New South Wales Association Rules

Besides having Christmas in hot weather,
our Australian friends have some other things
different from what they are on this side of
the globe. Among the " Rules and Objects "
of the New South Wales Bee-Farmers' Asso-
ciation are the following :

3. To advise members as to suitable locali-
ties for establishing apiaries.

4 Any bee-keeper can become a member on
approval of committee, subscription 3-6 per

annum. . , .,. -r,

5 That every member with more than oU
colonies shall be allowed an extra vote for
every additional 50 effective colonies.

6. No member be eligible for office who has
less than 50 effective colonies, or his sub-
scription is in arrear.

11. Supply dealers or commission agents
can not become members.

12. Members unable to attend meetings or
conventions can authorize or nominate any
member they know will be present to vote for
them on any subject brought forward. Such
vote or votes to be in addition to the mem-
ber's present own vote.

It would be a good bit of innovation to
have our National Association adopt such
rules. It would be something of an under-
taking to follow rule No. 3, advising members
in what part ot Canada or the United States
to establish apiaries. The smaller territory in
the case of our antipodal friends under con-
sideration makes such advising more feasible,
New South Wales forming but little more
than a tenth of Australia; yet New South
Wales is, after all, somewhat larger in size
than a calf-pasture, for our New England
States might be cut out ot it four times, leav-
ing still enough stuff to make the State ot
Pennsylvania.

In some respects it might be a good thing
to measure a member's power by the number
of his colonies, in other respects it would not.

In this country it has seemed rather the
policy to court the co-operation of " supply
dealers or commission agents," and where
there is such a manifest community of inter-
est that policy is likely ;o remain undisturbed.
Possibly conditions in New South Wales may
make it advisable to bar them out of mem-
bership.

r

ITIisccUancous Hetps 3tem5

V

Mr. AVin. Russell, 4810 3Sth Ave., South,
Minneapolis, Minn., has just recently been
appointed inspector of apiaries for Minnesota,
his commission taking effect Aug. 1, 1905,
and being good tor two years. We congratu-
late the bee-keepers ot Minnesota on this
appointment, and we trust they will patronize
Mr. Russell should their bees become diseased.

Bees and Honey at Illinois Fair.—

We have received a copy of the Premium List
issued by the State Board of Agriculture for
the 1905 Illinois State Fair, to be held at
Springfield, Sept. 30 to Oct. 7. The premiums
offered on apiarian displays are as follows ;

1st 2d 3d

Display ot comb honey -S20 ?15 .?10

Collection of labeled cases contain-
ing 12 or more pounds of white
honey from different flowers.. .. 8 5 3
Collection of labeled cases contain-
ing 12 or more pounds of amber
or dark honey from different

flowers 8 5 3

Case of white clover comb honey,

12 to 24 pounds 4 3 2

Case of sweet clover comb honey,

12 to 34 pounds 4 3 3

Case of basswood comb honey, 12

to 34 pounds 4 3 3

Display of extracted honey 30 15, 10

Honey extracted on the grounds. . 5 3 3
Frame of comb honey for extract-
ing 5 3 2

Display of candied honey 30 15 10

Display of beeswax 15 10 5

One frame of observatory hive dark

Italian bees 4 3 2

One frame ot observatory hive

golden Italian bees 4 3 3

One frame of observatory hive Car-

niolan bees 4 3 2

Honey-vinegar, J., gallon, with

recipe for making 4 3 2

.: i_ c J..-: ;„ 1 « in -r e;

Display of designs in honey 10

Display of designs in beeswtix . . 10 7

OPEN TO THE WORLD.

promise of more the coming year should we
make a showing. What additions we get in
the future will depend upon the show those
interested put up. We want to urge bee-
keepers to come and advertise the business —
their business — create an interest in and a
demand for their product, and at the same
time, if they win the prizes, they will be paid
for advertising their own goods — free adver-
tising.

The Premium List will bfe issued as follows,
with competition open to the world :

1st 2d 3d

Nuclei of hybrid bees $ 3 S 2 $ 1

Nuclei of Italian bees 3 2 1

Nuclei of Carniolan bees 3 2 1

Queen-rearing nuclei 5 3 2

Three different strains ot bees 3 2 1

Specimens of comb honey — not less

thap 10 pounds 5 3 2

Display of comb honey — most at-
tractive 25 15 10

Specimen ot extracted honey — not

less than 10 pounds 4 3 2

Display ot extracted honey — most

attractive 20 10 5

Beeswax — not less than 10 pounds 3 2 1
Most attractive display of honey-
producing plants, pressed and

mounted 3 2 1

Largest number ot specimens of
different kinds of honey, each

named 2 1

Largest, best, most interesting and
instructive exhibit in this depart-
ment 15 10 B

Diploma to best exhibit.

The bee-keepers of West Michigan are to be
congratulated on their success, doubtless
through the efforts ot Mr. Woodman. It is
hoped bee-keeping at the next Fair may be so
well represented that another year even a
larger Premium List may be offered.

The judges in this lot will be governed by
the code ot rules adopted by the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association.

Five hundred pounds only will receive full
score for quantity in displays of comb and
extracted honey, and 300 pounds only in dis-
plays of candied honey ; 50 pounds will re-
ceive full score for quantity in display of
beeswax.

Only one entry will be allowed by each ex-
hibitor tor any one premium.

We trust that there may be a proper in-
terest shown by bee-keepers in the foregoing,
as the Illinois State Fair managers are treat-
ing them well in their premium awards. A
copy ot the full Premium List can be had by
addressing Mr. H. J. Cater, Liberlyville, 111.,
who is the able superintendent of the depart-
ment known as " Dairy and Apiary."

West Michigan Fair and Bee-Keep-
ing. — We have received the following from
Mr. A. G. Woodman, superintendent of the
apiarian department ot the West Michigan
State Fair, which should interest bee-keepers
in Michigan, at least:

Editor American Bee Journal: — It
might be ot interest to bee-keepers, especially
those in Michigan, to know that we have just
secured an addition of .S50 to the Premium
List in the Apiarian Department of the West
Michigan State Fair, to be held in Grand
Rapids, Sept. IS to 23, 1905. We also have a

»Ir. and Sirs. H. H. Hyde, of Bexar
Co., Tex., are rejoicing over a fine 9-pound
boy, born June 2. Both mother and child are
doing well. Our congratulations are hereby
extended. " Papa " Hyde says this " adds
one more name to the bee-keeping fraternity
in Texas." But he doesn't give the lad's
name. It's perhaps a case of "Hyde and
seek." The " Hyde " is there, and now they'll
•' seek" — a name. As Texas is a big State it
may take quite a while to find one that is
suitable.

t

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP

=\

J

On the first page appears the portrait of
Robt. A. Holekamp, of St. Louis Co., Mo.,
one of the members of the Executive Board of
The Honey-Producers' League.

In the early part of 1871) he arrived in this
country, being 22 years ot age, from the
Province ot Hanover, Germany, where he had
received a good business education, and had
just finished a year as volunteer in the Prus-
sian Army. He soon found employment as
book-keeper and salesman in an agricultural
implement and hardware business in St. Louis,
which business he left a few years later to fill
a position as bank teller.

In these positions Mr. Holekamp had an
opportunity to become well acquainted with
the business methods of this country, and
they prepared him for his later business

June 15, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

421

career. He had become acquainted with a
firm whicli started a sash and door business,
but which dissolved a few years later by
dividing the assets of the business.

One of the former members of this firm,
living in Wisconsin, and running a sash and
door factory there, made him business man-
ager in St. Louis, to assist his young son
whom he made his partner. The business
went on for a few years when the senior
member of the firm died, and the son and Mr.
H. bought the business and continued it un-
der the Arm name of Gray A: Holekamp.

Their business grew rapidly, and soon be-
came one of the largest of its kind in the
country, their customers being all over the
South and West, and every new railroad in
their territory brought new trade.

A few years later the former partner of his
old employer lost his health. They bought
him out and moved into his just finished,
new and commodious quarters. After a few
years more Mr. H. bought out his partner,
and continued the business in his own name.

The continuous strain of managing a large
business, and at the same time doing a good
deal of traveling to viork up new territory,
gradually told on his health, and finding that
rest was necessary, he sold his business.

After he was through winding up his old
business affairs, he looked around for some
business where he could spend his time out
in the open air, and soon bought an interest
in a sawmill and timber-lands in southeast
Missouri, and incorporated the business.

He and his family lived there for a number
of years, right in the wilderness, away from
civilization, and surrounded only by about 50
little houses, the dwellings of his milkhands
and teamsters. Mr. Holekamp says those
years in the wilderness were the happiest of
his life. He was busy from early till late, but
enjoyed splendid health, and soon built up a
nice business, but the necessity of giving their
children a better education than it was pos-
sible to give them in the backwoods, com-
pelled him to give up business again and to
return to St. Louis. There he bought an in-

terest in a surgical instrument business,
which he sold several years ago.

Mr. H. kept hie old sawmill home for a
number of years, running a farm and spend-
ing the summers there during the time of the
children's school vacation, but sold it a few
years ago, it being rather unhandy to run a
farm so far away. He has no business now
except looking after his rented property and
attending to his bees, which keeps him as
busy as he cares to be. He has kept bees for
the last 1.5 years, and considers the work
with them the most interesting outdoor em-
ployment he can find, »

It will be seen from the foregoing sketch
that Mr. Holekamp has had a very extensive
as well as successful business experience
aside from his 15 years of bee-keeping. It
would seem that he will prove to be a very
valuable member of the Executive Board of
The Honey-Producers' League. He is right
in his prime, and should be quite an addition
to the ranks of those who ate endeavoring to
improve the keeping of bees as a business.

4- (Eontributcb -f
Special Clrticlcs

=\

J'

Securing Large Increase— Keeping Queens

BY G. M. DOOI.ITTLE

IN a lat« number of the American Bee Journal I closed what
I had to say with the remark that " I was open to any
further question on the subject." This has brought me a
lot of questions, and in this I will try to a,nswer briefly those
from a man in West Virginia.

He first wishes to know how I would work to secure a
large increase, something like that which I wrote about as
given in the April 27 issue of the American Hee Journal, only
that he wishes to use comb foundation instead of frames filled
with combs. IJees can not be increased as fast where founda-
tion is to be used as with plenty of drawn combs ; but thoy
can be increased faster where comb foundation is provided
than is possible where the combs are to be built in frames
having only starters in them. In using foundation, proceed
the same as I gave in that article until quite a few young bees
have emerged in the spring, and the colonies you have are
beginning to get fairly prosperous, when a frame of founda-
tion is to be put in each colony between two frames contain-
ing brood, and left one, two or three days, as is necessary for
the bees to draw out the side-walls to the cells from >g to '+
of an inch, but not long enough for the queen to lay many
eggs in these drawn-out cells. If honey is not coming in from
the fields in sufficient quantities for the bees to think they can
work on the foundation, then the colonies must be fed in suf-
ficient quantities for them to do so. In this way keep on till
you have sufficient frames of this drawn foundation to proceed
as I gave in that April 27 issue of the American Bee Journal.

Having these frames of drawn foundation, go to making
your colonies as there given, and if you can not procure
enough frames so fixed from the few colonies you have in the
spring, those which you will make will work foundation as
soon as their queens get well to laying, and thus these new
colonies will help along with the work. But always remem-
ber that it is useless to try to make any very weak colonies
contribute to any part of this work. Far better wait a little
for all to get strong enough to do this work to advantage.

If you do not have foundation enough to use full sheets in
all of your frames, then use the larger part of it as above,
when the rest can be cut into strips of four rows of cells each
and fastened to the top-bars of the frames, when, in due time,
they are to be placed in between the combs of the colonics
you have made (those having young queens), when the bees will
build them down with comb of the worker size of cells.
Remember you imist feed at all times when nectar is not com-
ing in from the fields, if you would have foundation drawn
out, or combs built from starters, as the bees will do nothing
at this work in times of a famine of nectar.

KEEPING QUEENS UNTIL NEEDED— QUEBN-NURSKRY.

The writer next wants to know how he can keep queens
when he buys them, till he is ready to use them, and also what
a queen-nursery is. I will answer the last question first.

A queen-nursery is a frame having cages in it, each cage
of which is fixed for the accommodation of one queen. The
cages are generally made out of a piece of inch lumber, the
same being cut about 3 inches square. In the center of this
piece a 2-inch hole is bored, and then two % holes are bored
through the edge of the piece till they open into the large
hole. Now the large hole is covered on both sides with wire-
cloth, and one of the small holes filled with "queen candy,"
or a sponge filled with honey for food for the queen, while the
other is left for a doorway to be used in putting the queen in
and letting her out. Both holes are to be closed with a proper
sized cork, so that the bees from any colony into which it is
put can not get to either the queen or her food.

When you have enough of these cages made to fill an
empty frame, and they are put in place so that the frame is
full, that frame of cages is called a " queen-nursery."

And to use it, provision the food apartment, run in the
queen or queens, and hang the nursery in place of a brood-
frame in any colony. Some think it best to hang this nursery,
when the queens are in it, in a queenless colony, and others
are equally sure that it is best to keep it in a colony having a
laying queen, as the bees in a queenless colony will cluster on
the most of the cages, and try as much as they can to torment
the queens in these blocks or cages of the nursery. Itut, with
me, the bees will cluster on the blocks to a greater or less ex-
tent, no matter into what colony they are placed, and, as a
rule, I do not like to keep queens thus longer than can be
helped, as it is against " queen nature " to be thus confined,
which is often shown by the queens dying after being so con-
fined for from a week to a month.

I use these nurseries most largely where I have more
"ripe" queen-cells than I can use just at the time they are
ripe. Just put the ripe cell into the hole that is used as a
doorway for the (lueen, and when the virgin emerges she is in
the cage, ready to be used just as soon after she has emerged
as possible, for I consider that the shorter time she is in this
or any other cage, the better queen she will make.

Next, and last, the questiom^r wishes to know more about
slipping the queen-excluding zinc down into a hive so that
queen-cells will be built in the side not having the qiieen,
which I mentioned in the other article, this plan being used in
early spring, or at any other time when colonies are not strong
enough to rear queen-cells in an upper story.

Take one of your hives and nail on a tight bottom-board.
Now, if you have a 10-frame hivi", put in a sheet of the per-
forated metal just where the fouith frame would stand when
the hive has the whole 10 frames in it. This is best done by
making a saw-kerf, just there, in each end of the hive on the
inside, so that this sheet of zinc .an be slipped in and out at
pleasure.

Now slip in the sheet of queen-excluding metal or zinc,
and make sure that there are no places where the queen can
get above it, around it, or under it, when you are ready to
take It out to the apiary and phue one of your strongest col-
onies in it. To do this, look ovrr the combs of the strong
colony till you find the (jueen, when the comb she is on is to
be set out of the hive till you have things arranged. Having
found the queen, you will set in the smaller side of your pre-

422

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June IS, 190S

pared hive two frames of the youngest brood you can find,
and one where you can see the bees just gnawing from the
cells, all of which combs should have more or less honey
along the tops of the combs and at the upper corners. Having
these combs in place, set in a frame which is the most full of
brood of any, next the zinc in the larger side of the hive. Now
set in the frame having the queen on it, and then fill out that
side of the hive, which will contain six combs, leaving out the
one which would go in where the sheet of perforated metal is
used. The comb to be left out is one having no brood in it.
which you generally can find. If not, give ihis comb of brood
to some other colony, after having shaken the bees off it into
their own colony.

The next day after having the colony so fixed, start your
queen-cells as given in " Scientific Queen-Rearing," take out
the frame of hatching brood of the three put in the smaller
side of the hive, draw the next to the side of the hive and put
in the frame of prepared queen-cups in the open place. If
there is a frame in the larger side of the hive which does not
have brood in it, take that out so as to give place to this- frame
of brood ; otherwise shake off the bees and give it to some
other colony. Now close the hive, and in three days, if you
look, you will find nearly every one of the queen-cell cups on
their way toward completed queen-cells, if you are anywhere
near as successful as I am..

I can see no difference as regards the good qualities of
queens reared in this way and those reared in upper stories,
as given in " Scientific Queen-Rearing ;" but the work is less
with the upper stories after the colonies have become strong
enough to do good work above. Onondaga Co,, N. Y.

#

California Bee- Keeping— Past and Future

BY C. W. DAYTON

OUR long season of anxiety is ended. The bees began to
make their own living the first of April. We began to
feed them on the first day of last .July, making it a nine
months' dearth of honey. Still, all along through July and
August they continued to get a small amount of honey from
sumac and wild buckwheat. Some of the most industrious
colonies got enough, perhaps, to keep them alive, but the
general class of colonies went right down to starvation condi-
tion. At the start there were about 210 colonies. Now there
are probably 160 left, about 50 having dwindled out from hav-
ing too old queens or none at all. Some did not rear enough
young bees last September, and the old bees continued to fly
out of their hives all the fall and winter, of course causing the
hives to become depopulated from old age of working bees.

During this time we fed about 3000 pounds of honey,
nearly all in the open air. The next apiary north ted $3S
worth of sugar to 220 colonies. There are 90 alive now. The
next apiary south, of 250 colonies, fed 600 pounds of honey.
There are 80 colonies alive now. The mortality among the
colonies has been greater than usual for dry years. I do not
know whether it is because the bee-men are losing courage, or
because it was a worse case than usual. One thing, last sea-
son the sage utterly failed to bloom — something I never heard
of before. It has always yielded somewhat. ]5ut the sumac
and buckwheat held out exceedingly well. Sumac continued
for something like six weeks, while I have known it in good
years to dry up and fail in 10 days of hot weather, liut last
season held out cool and favorable. I have known buckthorn
to yield honey early in the winter so as to fill the supers pretty
well, but this time it almost failed to blossom and gave no
honey at all, notwithstanding the abundance of moisture.
Three years ago there came two inches of rain the second day
of November, and in December the bees roared on the buck-
thorn bloom nearly eciual to basswood. NeitherJ did the
eucalyptus yield anything in the valleys. In 1898. from
eucalyptus, they completely filled their supers in .lanuary.
Still there has been very mild weather all winter. Sometimes
we have frosts and freezes often, and I have known a pretty
heavy frost as late as May 5.

While this fine weather has failed to help us out with a
yield of beofeed from some source, it has permitted the colo-
nies which have be('U fi-d liberally, to make the greater strides
in the way of brood-rearing. Since the middle of December
we fed, every pleasant day, all they could carry to their hives.
This caused them to rear brood during January and February
to their utmost, so that the first of April finds tbe hives full of
bees and all the combs full of brood. Usually the sage is
ahead of the bees, but ntthe present time the bees are waiting
for sage, which is just beginning to blossom, and every corolla-
tube contains a small drop of nectar.

If the price of SIO a colony were offered it would be no

temptation to us to sell bees. They have never failed to yield
200 pounds to the colony in such seasons as the present. We
count 200 pouLds of honey worth $16, and sometimes it brings
$18 for the first quality, according to how it is marketed.

The 50 colonies which have died I think might have been
saved had they had better attention. That is, by feeding them
in the hives, specially last August, to make them rear the
required amount of young bees, and then to keep them sup-
plied with stores in the early part of the winter. Colonies
having old or poor queens do not seem to have energy to carry
feed. Yet if they are kept until spring they would build up
into good working colonies, and could be requeened for the
season with queen-cells from some of the most forward colonies.

The 50 colonies at 200 pounds each would gather five tons
of honey, which, at 8 cents per pound, would amount to $800.
I do not think it would have cost more than $50 in labor to
have saved that amount. But we tried one of the "short
cuts" by open-air feeding. It required only to heat up a can
of honey, mix with water and put it out in pans, where the
bees could take it.

In 1896 I had 225 colonies to take through a dry year just
like this, and not one was lost. But they were fed in the
hives. In the spring I sold 75 colonies for $250. I gave the
purchasers their choice out of the apiary and they took the
strongest, of course. The apiary averaged 225 pounds to the
colony that season. But we sold honey at S cents per pound
then. Since then we have made a market, and there is no
question but that we shall get 8 cents for all of the first grade
and 7 cents for amber. This is not a high price, nor yet a low
price. It is a price that we as producers and the consumers
can afford. If extracted honey is held at 10 or 12 cents a
pound it becomes a luxury — to look at, for company, or for
some special occasion. Then it comes in competition with
candies and other fancy, nonsensical trash which is only cal-
culated to tempt the sight and palate. Then if it is sold at 3
to 5 cents per pound there is not much remaining above the
cost of production. It has often been stated that it costs
about 4 cents per pound to produce extracted honey. By an
unusually good harvest, by buying the colonies at a low price
of some one who does not know what they ought to be worth,
or by the employment of cheap help, or by taking all the bees
gather and allowing them to starve, the cost-price of honey
may sometimes be cut down a cent or two per pound lower
than that ; but to the one who is keeping bees from year to
year such methods do not pay. A person will have to wait
and watch for such opportunities. And then they may not
appear, and he is compelled to maintain himself two or three
years without an income, or until his means are all used up.
The only sure way is to get into " the game" and stay in it.
Those that stay in it are always in practice, or, as we may
say, " in training." Those are the ones who are best pre-
pared to endure the hard " tugs." And the bee-man who
broug-ht his bees through such seasons as the one just passed
does not need to look for employment or await an opportunity.

It is simply a matter of "keeping the shoulder at the
wheel." The main force that enables one to stay at the
" wheel " is love for the business. With the more " ups and
downs " and " hard knocks " there come, and success at last,
unwavering confidence is established or increased ; and we
should then set out to contrive methods to be conveyed over
such times easily, or by the least amount of interruption
when they occur in the future.

One fault of our management a year ago, just previous to
the scarcity of honey, was allowing the colonies to breed up so
as to contain a large force of bees which could be of no use.
This was done at the expense of their abundant supply of
winter stores, which was left in the hives from the previous
good season. If the (jueens could have been restricted to two
or three brood-combs there would have been enough young
bees reared for all needs, and besides would have saved the
laying capacities of the queens. If the queens had been pre-
vented from exhausting their egg-laying disposition in the
spring, they might have kept up more brood-rearing in Sep-
tember and October, and produced more late-reared bees,
which were so much needed to go through the past winter and
spring. The queens would have possessed better vitality,
also, which exerts a corresponding influence on the worker-
bees, resulting in the colonies being mori> tenacious of exist-
ence and tlie appropriation of feed. The useless bees reared
a year ago would be of high value now, but our hives were
not so constructed as to permit of such transposition, at least,
" on short notice." It was known that there could be no
honey for them to gather. Some persons suggested that bees
know when, and when not, to rear their brood. So we allowed
them to follow their natural instincts. Another time we in-
tend to inject some intelligence into their methods.

In the eastern and northern States, when colonies are

June IS, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

423

taken from the cellar there are often hives fnll of bees. The
cold, backward weather durin? the last of April and In May,
and the first half of .June, often reduces the strong colonies
to mere handfuls of bees through spring dwindling. Often in
a couple of weeks after the bees are put out they will hav(!
three or four combs of brood, and with pleasant, warm
weather, with maples and fruit and dandelions yielding pollen
and honey, the bee-keeper will be led to think that they will
soon be swarming and the colonies increased and his business
fairly boom.

But there comes a day with a bright, sunny morn. Clouds
by 11 or 12 o'clock. Rain, sleet, or possibly snow, by 4 o'clock
in the afternoon, and during the night perhaps the formation
of half an inch of ice by the next morning. Our balmy,
sunny May weather seems to catch a cold that it can not
throw off. All the spring flowers receive a set-back which
often "puts them out of business " for the remainder of the
season. The weather continues more or less cloudy or chilly,
and what becomes of the tender brood in the hives ? In a
week or 10 days we examine and find, in place of the broad
sheets of brood with eggs and all-sized larv;c strewn in strips
several inches wide clear to the outer margins, a few patches
of sealed brood the size of a hand or smaller. The eggs and
larva? have disappeared from the outside, and there may be
only now and then an egg placed in the oocasional empty cells
among the sealed brood. Indeed, the prospects look slim, or
"blue."

If such colonies as were taken from the cellar were set
down here in California In any of the winter months, I believe
there would be 6 or 7 combs full of brood in 3 or 4 weeks, and
the weather would not prevent it from hatching. But our
colonies In .January are weak — notable to maintain more than
2 or 3 combs of brood. Thus through January, February and
March they go through the process of " building up " to attain
strength sufficient to swarm. The cause of their becoming
weak is that they continue to fly about during September,
October, November and December, and get to be old bees, or
get lost. Then the weather Is unpropitious enough to hold a
weak colony in check, when, if the colony was strong in b<'es.
It could make rapid advance from the start. Such colonies
would be too early for sage or any other harvest, but the num-
ber could be increased, young queens reared, etc , in short,
about double the gathering force of the apiary, or reduce oni'-
half the number of colonies to be carried through a dry sea-
son. IjOS Angeles Co., Calif., April 10.

^

(£onix^ntton
Proccebtngs

j^

Papers Read at the Minnesota Convention

Held at Minneapolis Dee. 7 and 8, 1904

INSURING BEES

The principal upon which insurance of all forms is based
is not a subject for debate. It has beeu accepted after years
of trial to be one of the best and cheapest known means of
protection against accident, and nearly all possible kinds of
losses are susceptible of protection through the agency of
insurance. Prominent among the exceptions to this general
rule Is loss of capital invested in stock and fixtures of an
apiary.

We know of no insurance company at the present tiinr

!that will consider for a moment tlie proposition of Issuing a
policy on property of this kind. Why insurance companies
assume this attitude towards this species of profitable invest-
ment ofcapilal I shall not try to explain, but such is the pres-
I ent condition, and the proposition that confronts the owners
:! of large apiaries, who wish to protect themselves against loss
; of their property by accident, is. How can we obtain insur-
' ance?

I From the standpoint from which I view the subject lean

( see only one method that would be cheap, safe and desirable,
viz.: Form a bee-keepers' mutual insurance company and put
It In the hands of good, practical business men, who would be
interested In the success of the company and the business it
was created to protect.

This subject should be brought before the bee-keepers at
their annual convention, and proper measures taken to organ-
ze a company and commence business.

By request, I olTer the above suggestions, and hope action
along the lino indicated will bo taken.

Kanabec Co. , Minn. C. H. Harlan.

BEE-KEEPING AS AN OCCUPATION

The occupation of the bee-keeper is a most interesting
and unique one. There is no other business like it. The
skillful manipulation of bees, whether for the production of
honey or for the rearing of queens is an art of which the gen-
eral public know but little. Surprisingly strange questions
are asked us by people refined and educated, as well as by the
unlettered.

The progress of the industry in this country has placed
the occupation among the trades or professions, and like them
must be learned by careful study and practice in order to pur-
sue the business intelligently and successfully.

It is certainly more of an art than a trade, and must be
classed among the skilled avocations of men and women. In
many of the trades the hands may become so skillfully trained
as to work automatically, and by the use of patterns some-
times the mind is used very little.

Not so with the pursuit of the bee-keeper. To be success-
ful he must not only acquire a knowledge of bees, he must
also acquire skill by practice, and with something of an inven-
tive mind be on the alert for the different emergencies that
are sure to confront him, and especially during the swarming
season.

Here I am reminded that one season when I had been too
busy to clip the wings of many of my queens, and the swarm-
ing season in all Its commotion came on, I found some com-
fort In reading in Gleanings that at the " Hovie of the Honey
Bees" they had also been too busy to clip the queens' wings.
And while they had to climb tall trees in order to capture
some of their swarms, I had only to pull up an evergreen tree
on which most of my swarms clustered and carry it to the
hive prepared for them and shake them down Into it, then
return the tree to the socket In the ground in time for the
next swarm that would come out.

During a recent visit to New England I found but few
bee-keepers even among the farmers. The old-style hive was
generally still in use and the black bees, infested with millers,
still predominated. I wondered that Langstroth's movable
frames and the "ABC of Bee Culture " were not well enough
known to be appreciated. I noticed the absence of white
clover from the fields and pastures and roadsides. These
conditions doubtless accounted for the fact that No. 2 and No.
3 comb honey was sold in the city at i!S cents per pound.

They are fortunate indeed who can learn the theory and
practice of bee-keeping in some State Agricultural College,
under such Instruction as Prof. A. .). Cook gave in the State
of Michigan, and perhaps is now giving in California. It
seems to me that the Agricultural Colleges in the different
States should consider bee-keeping important enough to be
Included in their course of study. When such instruction
cannot be had It would be undoubtedly much to the advantage
of the student or beginner to spend one or more seasons with
some veteran in the business.

Yet most of us bee-keepers are probably self-made, and
are still learning our lessons by experience, striving to know
and dd the important things essential to the highest success,
eliminating the non-essential and trying to create or adopt the
best system for use In our apiary.

But what a debt the student of today owes to those of the
past who, like Huber, Langstroth, and others, have patiently
observed the honey-bees at work iu the field and in the hive,
at various times and seasons, and experimented with them
until they had found ways and means of managing these
industrious and wise little servants.

If the Hebrew writer of the proverb " Go to the ant, thou
sluggard" had been as well acijuainted with the honey-bee as
the ant, ho would doubtless have said, "Go to the honey-bee,
consider her ways, and be wise."

The most excellent periodicals |)ublished in the interests
of bee-keeping are not only exceedingly helpful but are indis-
pensable to all " up-to-date " bee-koepers. Those of us who are
beginners in this industry owe our success thus far chiefiy to
the benefits we have received from the veterans of experience
who have aciiuired their knowledge through the slow and
sometimes costly course of years of experience, and who have
freely furnished it to be printoil for the benefit of others.
The debt we owe them should lie acknowledged, and our
praise and honor bestowed upon them.

I have been interested to notices that the art of bee-keep-
ing to most persons, as they learn it. becomes fascinating, and
they grow enthusiastic in it. A common bond of sympathy is

424

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June IS, 1905

created extending even to strangers. One perhaps unusual
illustration is furnished by a prominent bee-keeper whom you
doubtless know by reputation, Mr. Henry Alley, of Jlassa-
chuseils.

When at his home last summer he stated that the season
before he sold a qm^en to a lady keeping bees in New York
State. At the end of the season she wrote him that she was
very well pleased with the queen; it had proved to be the best
one she had. This started a correspondence between them so
agreeable to both parties of threescore and more years of age,
that a few days previous to my visit they were married, and
I found them enjoying their honeymoonl

The Creator gave man dominion over all the creatures he
had made, that they might serve mankind, and the man wh

is able to acrjuirfi that dominion, and use it in harmony with
the law of their being, is served and benefited thereby.

We bee-keepers who understand much about the honey-
bee, so wonderfully made and endowed with ability to draw
for us such supreme sweetness from the tiny store-houses in
which the delicious nectar is found, are able to understand
more of the Divine thought and wisdom because it is beauti-
fully shown in the life and mechanism of the honey-bees and
their queen.

Our occupation, then, while being a means of sustenance,
unlike some others which dwarf the mind and degrade mau,
tends to elevate manhood and womanhood to a higher plane
of thought and life. J. Kimball.

) St. Louis Co., Minn.

r

\.

®ur Bee Kcepincj Sisters

=\

J

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, III.

A New Book : " How to Keep Bees "

Such is the title of a new book by Anna
Botsford Comstook, B. S. In the preface she
says:

" When we began bee-lieepiDg we found the
wide range of information and varying meth-
ods given in the manuals confusing

For the sake of simplicity this volume is re-
stricted to knowledge gained in practical ex-
perience in a small apiary."

That gives one the expectation of instruc-
tion, based mainly on practical experience, of
just such character as one needs to begin the
business, especially as the sub-title of the
book reads, "A Handbook for the Use of
Beginners," and the first word of the preface
is, "This book has been prepared especially
to meet the needs of the beginner in bee-
keeping."

A somewhat careful reading of the first 40
pages, and a hasty glance through the rest of
the book, hardly fulfills this expectation,
rather giving one the impression that the
knowledge of the author has been gained
mainly through the writings of others, some
of those writings being perhaps not as reliable
as they might be. For example, on page 29 :
" In developing a queen the bees usually pro-
ceed as follows : They select the important
egg, which differs in no wise from any other
worker-egg, and destroying the partitions be-
tween its cell and two adjoining cells, give it
more room." Bees do not " usually " select
an egg from which to rear a queen, " the im-
portant egg" being found in a cell which
needs no enlarging— a queen-cell, and not a
worker-cell. Even in the exceptional case,
when in a queenless colony the bees do make
a selection, it is a larva, and not an egg, that
is selected. Neither would any one who has
actually watched the work of the bees say
that there was any "destroying the partitions
between its cell and two adjoining cells," for
no such thing happens.

The work is written in charming style, its
228 pages being printed from beautifully clear
type on paper of excellent quality, and it con-
tains 31 full-page illustrations that are very
beautiful. The general reader will find it
nteresting; but as a guide for the beginner it
is not to be commended without reservation.

CaptUFlng Swarms of Bees

In a recent number of the American Bee
Journal I noted an inquiry in regard to the
best way to capture swarms of bees, and the
answer to same. I am tempted to give a little
history of a "method" that was used with
apparent success in this vicinity last season.

My husband is a bee-keeper, and we live on
a hill. I say this that you may understand
the story which follows :

A man came to the house of a near neigh-
bor and asked the boy, " Does that fellow up
on the hill keep bees"' Being told that he
does, he said, " Well, I want to put up a box

in one of your trees. I am going to get a
swarm off of him, and I will give you half of
the honey they make."

He put up the box with cross-pieces in it,
and smeared it inside with a mixture of honey
and sweet anise-oil, assuring the interested
youth that he had known bees to desert their
hives for a box with this oil in it.

Well, he got the bees, and, as we had good
reason to believe, "off of" my husband.
Also, he took good care to come in the night
and replace the full box with an empty one,
which also caught its swarm. I have heard,
from reliable source, that this man had over
100 colonies last fall, which he destroyed to
get the honey, which he sold, as of course he
could afford to do, at a reduced price, thus
further injuring honest bee-keepers.

I should like to have an opinion as to his
theory that anise-oil will draw bees.

Also, have honest bee-keepers no redress in
such a case?

I should add that the bee-keeping industry
in our State has not yet reached the stage
where apiarists do not consider the swarms of
value. We had an extra-good season last
year for both increase and honey. Our 17
colonies yielded an average of SO sections of
honey each, and increased to 36 colonies, only
5 of which proved too weak to winter success-
fully on the summer stands. Nebraska.

Saline Co., Nebr., May 11.

It is a popular belief that bees are attracted
by odors, and especially the odor of anise.

There is very likely some ground for this be-
lief, although bees are certainly attracted by
sight as well as smell ; for a bee may some-
times be seen making a hasty visit to a fiower
which has just been rifled of its sweets, a
still stronger proof lying in the fact that if an
artificial flower closely resembling the flowers
upon which bees are working be placed
among the real flowers, the bees will also call
upon the artificial flower. Admitting that
the odor of anise attracts bees, it does not
follow that it would make any difference as
to deciding upon a place for the lodgment of
a swarm, for the search of food is one thing
and the search of a home quite another thing.

The placing of a comfortable hive or box in
a convenient location is, however, no small
temptation, it being not so very rare an
occurrence for a fugitive swarm to locate in
an empty hive, even when that hive has not
been placed with any view of its offering
attractions to prospective house-hunters.

There is no law against putting empty
hives or boxes where swarms may find them ;
but our Nebraska sister may without great
difficulty make her bees proof against the
blandishments of all and sundry empty hives
and boxes. One way is to keep close watch
for swarms and hive them when they issue.
For a swarm will not issue and immediately
go to its new abode. It will settle and re-
main clustered for some time on some tree or
other object, apparently with the distinct pur-
pose of allowing the owner time to house it
before it sails away to parts unknown.

A better way is to have all laying queens
clipped. Then when a swarm issues it will
return, and the owner will have a second, or
even a third opportunity to see the swarm
when it issues. An afterswarm will he pre-
vented by the well-known plan of putting the
prime swarm on the old stand with the old
hive close beside it, and moving the old hive
to a new location a weeic later.

/=

V:

21u\ ^asty s Clftertl^ouijI^ts

'^

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Jf

PLACING SECTIONS IN THE SUPER.

I'm all torn up in mind again. Dr. Miller.
On page 339 you say sections look better
when so given to the bees that the lock corner
is the bottom corner. Wish you had been a
little more explicit as to the xi]hy of that. In
setting starters in sections I take a little pains
to have the locked corner at the top. Sec-
tions filled in that position are much less
liable to be pulled apart in handling— a con-
sideration which weighs quite a bit with me.
Both in pile and in case I want a section to
stand the other side up from what it did
while being built. I wish this because along
the top-bar the honey is pretty sure to be
plumped out fuller than along the bottom-
bar ; and finger bruises would start little leaks
else. Also there are sections that will jar
loose from the wood unless bottom side up.
And when the honey-vield is poor (a common
state of things with me) some sections are
not attached to the bottom at all, and lots of

them only attached an inch or so at one side
of bottom. These last would keep me in an
exasperated frame of mind while handling
honey did I follow Dr. Miller's way. My
Hasty jerk tears 'em loose — starts a big leak
instead of a finger-bruise leak. The bees
(just to pester me, and set a trap for me)
won't propolize a lock in a way to improve
the holding of it much. The only safety is to
have well-attached comb both sides of the
lock ; and if the lock is placed at the top I
can be tolerably sure of this.

CUPPING QUEENS AND HUMAN SCENT.

R. L. McColley is all right to clip his
queens so as to keep them from getting the
scent of his fingers. That sometimes is quite
an important little item. But he still exposes
them to the scent of his thumb. Can't he
improve his machinery and obviate that also?
Or has he discovered that the human thumb
is non-odorous? There, now! I've always

June IS, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

425

wondered why little Jack Horner inserted
thumb instead of finger in the pie ! Page 330.

SOWING ALSIKE CLOVER SEED.

I think R. A. Morgan is right that alsike
clover is the best honey-plant to push.
Farmers can be induced to sow it — but it's no
use to ask them to sow white clover. Page 331.

A NEW FORM OF BEB-HAT.

Shouldn't wonder if A. L. Oliver's form of
bee-hat would be liked by many— especially
by those who have not become habituated yet
to any other kmd. (Tobacco-pail cover with
screen tacked all around it; and then the
head, hat and all, butted into a suitable hole
in said cover.) Be a great success if all the
" butting in " folks adopt it. Page 334.

EV0I.t7TI0N OF BEES.

Great is evolution ! And how the bee of
the newspapers does evolute! Talk of three
genera for the bee — here comes a fourth
genus already ! Room for Stmclainapis rneli-
phohia! And the leading characteristic of
the new bee is great aversion to, and terror
at, the sight of flowers and the smell of nec-
tar. Page 339.

EDITING A BEE-PAPER AT LONG RANGE.

For an editor to conduct a leading maga-
zine in England and live in California at the
same time seems quite curious. The Yankee
proverb, " Some things can be done as well
as others," hath British followers as well as
American. Page 340.

CONSTITUTIONAL VIGOR OP BEES.

So Arthur c! Miller thinks there has been
a decline in tht- constitutional vigor of our
bees as a lot— to lake them as they run. Some
things do look a little like it. And he thinks
transferring larv^', and too constant feeding
of candy to nursery queens responsible in
part. His proof of this is not altogether con-
vincing (to breeders, at least), but It is worth
thinking of. I fear some seeming evidences
of decline might be picked up in regions
where never an aitificially reared queen has
been introduced since Samson took the honey
from his " frame hive." Also I incline to say
that Mr. M. and others exaggerate somewhat
the depressing ellects of old-style bee-keeping.
The light colonies that were spared to con-
tinue the apiary were largely second swarms
with excellent young queens, not decadents.
And some at least of the heavy ones chosen
to take up were heavy because the queen had
recently begun to lose her fecundity from age.
Page 241.

EZERA THRASHER AND HIS BEE-FEVER.

And Ezera Thrasher, who mourned the post-
office which the rural route wiped out, and
looked to the big bee-association to protect
him against stings, some of us will regret that
his bee-fever got well so soon. If Mandahad
only been a B.-K. Sister, now, he would have
seen some chance to rest up. Watching for
swarms may be made a good rest-up job, if
one doesn't have to do something else while
watching — vile scheme to distract the watch-
er's attention, and let the swarm get away.
Page 342.

/T

\^

^odox VCixWcxs Question Box

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

113^ Dr. Miller does 7wt answer Questions by mail.

=\

=/

Prevention of Swarming-
ring Bees

Transfer-

1. I have 2 colonies of bees in common box-
hives which have already sent forth one swarm
apiece to the present date (May 15). I would
like to let them swarm again, and then stop
them from swarming any more. As they are
strong colonies I fear that they may swarm as
often as 3 or 4 times. Advise me how to use
them to the best advantage.

2. I would like to get them out of the old
box if such a thing can be done.

Washington.

Answers.— 1. As I understand it, a colony
has sent out a prime swarm, and you desire
to prevent its sending out more than one
after-swarm. When the second swarm (which
is the first after-swarm i issues, hive the
swarm and put it on the stand of the mother
colony, setting the latter in a new place. That
will prevent further swarming.

2. Twenty-one days after the issue of the
prime swarm, drum out all the bees, put them
in a new hive with frames filled with founda-
tion, or with starters, then break up the old
hive and get what honey and wax you can
from the old combs.

Best Hive-Entrance— Bees Dying

1. Regarding the quotation from Swarth-
more (page 356) as to the auger-hole being
the best hive-entrance, I wish to say I bored
a 2-inch hole in the front end of several hives,
put a button over each, and opened them dur-
ing the honey-how, but my bees did not use
them much. It might work belter if I turned
the hole to the back end, which I now intend
to do.

2. Some of my colonies died mysteriously
last winter, with plenty of honey and a large
number of young bees. I should like to know
the cause. So far my theory seems to indi-
cate that they were clustered over combs of

bee-bread when the long cold spell caught
them. Is there anything in ill In a divis-
ible brood-chamber I think the bees would not
have died. We are in Southern Nebraska.

Nebraska.

Answers.— 1. Bees are creatures of habit,
and it is not easy to get them to change their
place of entrance. If you had given the au-
ger-hole first, and opened the other entrance
later, they would have stuck to the auger-
hole. You'll probably not do any better with
the auger-hole at the back — I think not so
well. For several years I gave my bees an
opening at the baclt for the sake of ventila-
tion at the lime of putting on supers, and
they didn't use it as an entrance.

2. The presence of pollen probably did no
harm ; the harm came from the lack of honey.
They ate all the honey in reach ; then the cold
held on so long that before they could get to
the honey in the other frames they starved. I
doubt that a divisible brood-chamber would
have saved them; although under certain
conditions it might.

Canadians and Americans

On page 329 you say that Mr. McEvoy is a
Canadian, but not an American. It may have
been the custom in the Stales to give the
name to no one but a United Stateser, but it
is only the custom among the lower classes,
and is purely an expression of provincial ego-
ism. We Canadians are proud of our name,
and have no desire to steal the name of an-
other country. Can you say the same? By
styling yourselves as *' Americans " you take
credit for the good works of all America.
Look out and see that some day we will be
refusing to annex the States. Canada.

Answer. — As already said on page 329,
" There may be a certain inconsistency.. . .in
saying that a Canadian is not an American,
but established custom controls.'' The feel-
ing " in this locality " is one of such broth-
erly kindness toward the bee-keepers of Can-

! Q'UEEIS !

jj We have secured the services g

of one of the best Queen special- a

ists in the U. S. Over 20 years' J?

experience rearing Queens. Our g

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Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens 1.50

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
r. TOXjEDO, - OHIO.

flease mention Bee Journal -wlien -wTiting

Place Your Orders Now.

ITALIAN QIEENS

EITHER GOLDEW OR HONEY QUEENS

Our Golden s will come up to any other Golden
Strain. Our Honey Queens are what some term
" Red Clover Queens." We always call them
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Before July 1. 1 6 12

Untested 11.00 $5.00 $9.00-

Warranted Tested 1.2S 7.0U 13 OO

Tested 1-^0

Select Tested 2.f 0

Breeders from $5 up. 1 6 12

2frame Nucleus (no Queen). 2.50 14.00 25.00

When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
price of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation. We
book orders for next season. Safe arrival guar-
anteed of all stock. We ask a trial order.

D. J. BLOCHER p^'^HIil*?"^''-

Y15, Do not send personal checks unless yoi»
add 10 cents for collection. 16Etf

"lease mention Bee Journal -when -writinp

What Adel Bees Do

E. Milton, Mass., May 27, l'>05.
Send me qneen same strain as the one sent
1904. That queen proved the best queen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
15, 1'lOS. RoBT. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are $1 each.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee Jourrial wnen ^ntuie.

WANTED

Young man, single, experienced with beee,
possessing large stock of bee-appliances, etc.,
desires interest in established apiary in first-
class Eastern locality. New York Stale pre-
ferred. Correspondence solicited from all
parts. Address, M,

Care .\merican Bee Journal,

■24 Alt 'S'i Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

We are nnw ^hle to quote lower prices than ever
before Hit-ljppi quality Kuaranteed. Webandletbe
G B Lewis C""s goods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed lilTes. Send for my RS-page CataloK, ana
leaflet for besinners. They arc tree.

44Btf \V. .1. MCCARTY, EmmetsburK, Iowa.

426

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June IS, 1905

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

Lewis' Goods at Factory Prices,

Root's Mlm and Extractors, Dadant's Coffll) Founilatioii, BiDgliam Smolfers.

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freight paid to your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
each year into every State east of the Rocky Mountains; let us ship to you.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order if You say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

E. Wash SI. Indianapolis, Ittd.

Flease mention Bee Journal "wheTi -writiTip^

A Standard-Bred Italian (}ueen-Bee Free !

For Sending One New Subscriber.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fine, Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the follow-
ing condiiioDS, all of which must be strictly followed;

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own
subsc iption paid in advance at least to the end of this year

2. Sending your own name with the SI. 00 for the Bee Journal
will not entitle you to a Queen as a premium. The sender must
be already a paid-in-advance subscriber as above, and the new sub-
scriber must be a NEW subscriber; which means, further, that
the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at
least not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a

n3W one ; and, also, the new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where
the Bee Journal is already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need be
made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be earned in
a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

We will book the orders as they come in and the Queens will be mailed
Will you have one or morel

It you cannot get a new subscriber, and want one of these Queens, we will send tne
American Bee Journal a year and the Queen — both for onlj $1.50. Address,

r^

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, EL.

feare

Manniacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large quantity of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

r.'lease mention Bee Juumajl ■wnen ■wnun.n.

ada that it would be a real pleasure to apolo-
gize for having used the word "American"
as applying only to the inhabitants of the
United States, with the promise never to
offend in like manner again, if thereby "es-
tablished custom " could be changed.

You say, " It may have been the custom in
the States. . . .but it is only the custom among
the lower classes." I do not know just what
opportunity you may have had for observa-
tion in the States, but I may be allowed to
say that with the exception of a very few de-
lightful days spent in Canada, my whole life
— not a very short one — has been spent in the
States, and I have been privileged to meet
some of the best and most intelligent in the
land as well as those of the lower classes, and
I have not found that the use of the word
" American " as applied to people of the
United States was confined to the latter.

in any case I suppose that you will agree
with me that we shall not go astray if we fol-
low the lead of a good dictionary. The Stand-
ard dictionary is a work in good repute —
among the upper classes of the States — be-
tween you and me I'm not sure I know just
what upper classes are — it also stands well in
England, and I suppose in Canada. It gives
3 definitions for the noun " American." The
second is, " Any native or inhabitant of the
American continent, whether aboriginal or
descended from European settlers." In that
sense Mr. McEvoy is an American. The third
definition is: " One of the aborigines of the
American continent." Mr. McEvoy doesn't
look like an American of that kind. But the
first definition, which in that dictionary gives
the most common meaning of the word, reads
thus: " A native or legally constituted citi-
zen of the Uniled States." Surely Mr.
McEvoy is not an American in that sense,
the common sense of the word.

While feeling obliged to defend my use of
the word "American,'' I may be allowed to
say that if I had known it would give you
offense I should have chosen some other word
for illustration on page 3'29, and shall have a
reckoning with "A Reader" for having drawn
me so near the vortex. But I make no apol-
ogy to Mr. McEvoy. I think he so thoroughly
understands my kindly feelings toward him
that if I should call him a thief he would
shake himself and laugh in that funny way of
his, and say, " Well, they must have some
new meaning over in the States for the word
' thief,' for I'm sure that so good a friend of
mine as Dr. Miller would never apply it tome
in any other than a complimentary way."

Atf

Extracting-Combs— Cover for Sec-
tions—Using Combs in which
Bees Died-Bi-Sulphide
of Carbon

1. Can good extracting-combs be built in
Hoffman wired brood-frames, from 2-inch
btarters of medium brood foundation?

2. Will they stand extracting as well as
combs built from full sheets?

3. In running for comb honey do you use
an oil-cloth or the underside of the covernext
to the sections?

4. What can be done with combs in which
bees have died during the winter, and crawled
inio the cells?

5. In using bi-sulphide of carbon for kill-
ing moths in brood-combs, how much should
be used to the cubic foot of space?

Illinois.
Answers.— 1. Yes.

2. No ; and for two reasons. Most of the
comb will be built without any foundation,
and the septum of natural comb is more
tender and thinner than that in foundation.
Also, the wires in this natural comb will not
be all in the septum as will be the wires in
full sheets of foundation.

3. The cover is directly over the sections,
with a beespace of air between the cover and
the tops of sections.

4. Give them to the bees as soon as con-
venient.

5. Perhaps an ounce.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

June IS. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

427

(Sxpcrtcnccs

Bees Wintered Well in the Cellar

Bees are doing well. No swarms yet. I
had no.winter loss at all. I tried cellar win-
tering for the first time, and thoee wintered
in the cellar are in better condition than those
wintered outdoors, although X had the strong-
est colonies outside. Herman Heurkens.

Brown Co., Wis., May 30.

Hans Bloomenstine UndBees

I see by de American Bee Shournal dat our
colored brudder (.Jeems Schmidt) vas done
wrode somedings for de Bee Shournal. Now
I dinks berhaps maybe I can do dot too. I
made my first acquaintance mit de honey-bee
aboudt 30 years ago alreatty, und dink I
know whereof I am shpeaking aboudt, don't
id, you know? If you dond't know den I
dells you. You see id come aboudt dis way.
I vas vonce a leetle dutch poy, und like all
poys I had a grandfadder. und he vas dutch
also, und he had some bees. 1 dond't know
odder if dey vas dutch or Idalian or plack
bees like our brudder Schmidt, but I do know

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross in case complete
in S-gross lots, 54.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, fo.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 i. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

BLACK Bni*sTer» Reis Cames-

• The KTNU of I'ouUry. '^ Large

size, good layers oi finest eggs.

Hardy and fearless, the best all

urpose fowl. Willow legs and

lay eyes. lUiistrated circular.

26thyear. H. H. FLICK.

MANCHESTER. MD.

t^" The most attractive eastern ex-
cursion iluring the coming summer will
be to Asbury Park, X. J , on occasion
of the annual meeting of National Edu-
cational Association, .luly 3 to 7, inclu-
sive, via the Nickel Plate Road and its
connections, either the West Shore or
LackawannaRoad.virith privilege of stop-
over at Chautauqua Lake points, Niag-
ara Falls and New York City. Rate,
$21.35 for the round-trip. Dates of sale,
June 29 and 30 and .July 1 and 2, with
extreme return limit of Aug. 31, by de-
positing ticket. Patrons of this route
may have the choice of a ride over the
most interesting mountain scenery in
New York and Pennsylvania, and
through the celebrated Delaware Water
Gap, or through the beautiful Mohawk
Valley and down the Hudson River,
which also includes the privilege of a
ride on day line boat on Hudson River,
between Albany and New York City, in
either direction, if desired. No excess
fare charged on any train on Nickel
Plate Road. Meals served in Nickel
Plate dining cars, on American Club
Meal Plan, ranging in price from 3Sc to
$1.00; also a la carte. Chicago Depot,
La Salle St. Station, corner Van ]5ureii
and La Salle Sts. City ticket offices. 111
Adams St. and Auditorium .\nnex.

For further particulars, address John
Y. Calahan, C.eneral Agent. 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 7— 23A4t

"If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

.><>. it-

Root's Goods ai Root's rrlces

EverythiDg used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER' S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .'. .'. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Nail

m

Untested Queen * •''^

Select U ntested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1-00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. rOUDER,

]J^: 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

itk. if'- •f'- .>'*' >•• >t' itiLitiii*iLjL*jLi*l.JL*Jti,*iii!l!&it^i4>i^^

#

$12.25 to Niagara Falls and Return

via Nickel Plate Road, June 18, 19 and
20, with return limit of June 24, or by
depositing ticket limit of July 14 may
be obtained. Through vestibuled sleep-
ing-cars. No excess fare charged on
any train on the Nickel Plate Road
Meals served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars, on American Club Meal Plan, rang-
ing in price from 35 cents to $1.00; also
a la carte. For further information,
write John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
113 Adams St., Room 298, Chicago, 111.
Passenger Station at Chicago, corner
Van Kuren and La Salle Sts., on the
Elevated Loop. Chicago City Ticket
Offices, 111 iVdauis St. and Auditorium
Annex. 10— 23A2t

VIRGINIA QUEENS If'rJolT.iryf^A

of careful selecti'U from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; alter June IS, 60c; tested
queens, $1.0"; after June 15, 7Sc; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June IS, Jl.OO. Vfrite postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17A.2ot Fredericksburg, Va.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

15Ai:t FREMONT. MICH.

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
poned stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen J .90

One tested queen 1. 10

One select tested queen.. 1.40

One breeding queen 2.20

One comb nucleus (no
queen) 1.10

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Sate arrival guaranteed
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. JJ. !..• STIKH^K.
204 East Logan Street CLARINDA IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jonr»»l.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

11 so, we can fill your order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3band Italians; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$8 per doz. Tested Queens, $1 eacli. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO. ^

13Atf LoREAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

'rt-ise mention Bee Journal ■woeu vrnt'i:.^

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I Save 1-4 on Sections I

■^ Wc are in the heart of the lumber district and do not have to pay excessive ^,

rg freight od the raw material. We manufacture all our own SUI»Pt.lE»» in the S^

• ^ most modcru equipped plant, therefore can save you one-fourth the price. Our ^

^ No. 2 Sections are equal to the average No. 1 Sections. You will agree with us '^■

^ when you receive a sample order. ^;

•■^ Prompt shipment and satisfaction guaranteed. ^

I JOHN DOLL & SON I^^pl^ |

!^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

428

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June IS. 1905

flHT<"r("r('i!("i'("Ki"iirK('iit'r("V(Trrcvi"rf rcrcrcrfVf'rfTcrf"! ( iT'ir wi

B66-SUPDll6§!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a larg-e stock and
greatest variety of everythiBg-
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,NeD. ; Shugart & Ouren, Council Blnffs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Laraar, Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438

w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

Diumer's Foundaiion i§ me mi

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase OTer 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Foundation for Cash a Specialty.
i., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

GOOD DISCOUNTS ON EARLY ORDERS

COMPLETE STOCK OF BEE SU PPLltS- - LEWI S CO.S «T FACTORY PRICES

MUTH SPECIAL HIVE

THE BEST DOVE TAIL MADE

SEND FOR CATALOG.

WE ARE ALWAYS IN THE MARKET TO BUY HON EY --SUBM IT PRICE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

5 1 WALNUT STREET,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

6flR-L0flDS

ol Lewis' B-Ware come to our city for distri-
bution. We carry a large stock which enables
us to malse imtnediate deliveries. We invite
your inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanss6n's Sons

Davenpon. Iowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundatiou made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

SS~}.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me tbat
he "prefers to pay f25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Please mention Bee Jotimal -when -writing.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is -what we are making for our customers.
— DOYETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HARSH I I ELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

VLt^ase mention iiee jDumaji w^hen ■wntane.

G.B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

We carry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundation Cutler free with each order, if you state where you saw this ad.

uMf NORRIS & ANSPACH, Keutou, Ohio.

dot 1 vone dime vent myself oudt to mine
granfadder's vone varm tay in May und de
bees was on de out-site of de hive oudt, (Now
you see I don't vas know vat bees vas) und I
dough t dey vas big flies und I got me a shtick
riftht avay qvick, und I thought I vould half
some fun but, Donner und Blitzea ! it vas de
bees vot had some fun ! I dells you I got oc-
quainted right avay, und I half fell in love
alretty mit de little animals. I know vat bees
are now.

I see dot de bee-men dalks so mooch aboudt
de queen of de colony. Now I don't know
mooch aboudt modern bee-keeping, but
would'ent it be better in dis free country if
you would said de Bresident of de colony*
Und I also hear dem talking aboudt klipping
de queen. Now do dey klip her like dey klip
horses? Und ven dey shpeak aboudt foul
brood do dey mean shicken brood? 1 vonct
asked a man vone time vot kind of a hive vas
best to keep bees in, und he said a bee-hive.
Now vot do you dink about a man vot vould
answer a shmart dutchman like I am in such

On6-Fl6C6 Secilons

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBlfl MFG. CO. ^^^^°°'

t^ease iDfintior Bee Jonrpal -when mrntlna.

Queens ! ITALIAN Queens !

By Return Mail

Queens from Root's Red Clover Stock and
Golden Italian Oueens, the best honey-gather-
ers in America. Untested, 50c each, or $6.00 per
dozen. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your
orders to

E. A. SIMMONS,

22Atf FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.

to sreai is (n Q mojj isv\ puy

o ■jno oj) jaAoij I

a
^ I

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to gel mine. Fred Fodner.
f lease mention Bee journal ^heu writlii^

June IS, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

429

u

DADANT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EX:OELS.

-■A''- .•I''. .«'Ai>, .WAir.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ «

OF ALL KINDS.

####

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

■'.tf'.tf^f'.ty

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

IF YOU WANT

LEWIS' POPULAR

BEE-SUPPLIES

BY RETURN FREIGHT
OR EXPRESS, ^^"o TO

H. M. Aknd, Manager.

York Honey -W^ff Co.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)
Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

A FULL LINE OF BEE-SUPPLIES CON HAND

Consisting of Hives, Sections, Sliipping-Cases— everything used by the practi-
cal, up-to-date beekeeper.

Catalo^r and prices on Honey on application. If you want Ciiood CSoods
at Factory Prices and Prompt Sliipnient, send vour orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amouulstomauy limes
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Ijice — the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial lOc box will
prove It. 100 cz.. by express. $1.0U.
«. K. STOCK FOOn CO.,
I>. .1. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bide., Chlcueo, 111.

$21.35 to Asbury Park, N. J., $21.35

and return, via Nickel Plate Road.
Tickets good via New York City. Dates
of sale, .Iiiiie 29 and 30 and .July 1 and 2,
with extreme return limit of Aug. 31, by
depositing ticket. Chicago City Ticket
Oltices, 111 Adams St. and Auditorium
Annex. Depot, La Salle and Van Bur(>n
Sts., on Elevated Loop. 8— 23A4t

a vay as dis? Und I also read aboudt a kind
of Root dat grows in Ohio, dat is good for
bees.

I vould like if Dr. Miller yould answer all
dese questions und make all dese dines clear
to me, und maype me und meia frow Katrina
might join de National Sociation in a body.
It dey is no color line maype dere is no
nationality line. If dese questions are all an-
swered maype I vill write again some dime
und dell you all I know.

Hans Bloomenstine.

Too Dry for Clover

Bees are doing poorly. It is very dry here —
but little rain for two months. There will be
QO clover unless rain comes soon, nor will
there be any hay. Henry Allet.

Essex Co., Mass., June (5.

Getting Combs Cleaned of Pollen

Of the isu colonies of bees packed for win-
ter on the summer stands I have 140 left at
this date. May 30. In overhauling the combs
left by the 40 colonies of dead bees, I found
many that were so full of pollen as to make
them useless for brood-rearing or storing
honey. When this discovery was made I
searched the old files of bee-papers to find
what Mr. Doolittle does with such combs.
Since reading what he says on the subject I
have found, by accident, a wholesale way of
getting the combs cleared of pollen with but
very little trouble.

Last sumtuer a colony of bees became
queenless, but I did not know it until I began
packing them for winter. Then I found a
good-sized colony with combs almost wholly
filled with pollen, and was puzzled to know
what disposition to make of the bees and
combs. I tiually concluded to place a strong
eolong with plenty of honey and a laying
queen on lup of the hive containing the
queenless bees. They wintered well together
and now make a strong colony for summer

430

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 1S,''1905

work. A few days ago I looked at those pol-
len-laden combs (i) of them) and I could not
find a particle of pollen in any one of them.
They were all as light and clean as new-made
combs. Edwin Bevins.

Decatur Co., Iowa.

Poor Prospects for This Season

I have taken up bee-keeping for a living.
So far I have had good success, but this
spring is a failure. All over Texas bee-keepers
seem lo be having a hard time of it. I took
an average of 133 pounds to the colony from
41 colonies, spring count, last year, but from
present prospects I fear I will not get half
that amount this year.

We had very cool weather 3 or 4 times in
April. That stopped the flow of nectar. Bees
don't find enough to build combs with.

Otto Sueltenfuss.

Bexar Co., Tex., May 30.

Too Much Swarming

I wintered s colonies of bees. They com-
menced swarming the last Sunday in April,
and I have to date saved 13 swarms, but lost 3.
I think they will swarm themselves to death.

Marion Co., 111., May 29. J. A. Hott.

Honey Famine in Tennessee

We have had a famine here among the bees
for the past year. I have lost 40 or 50 colo-
nies. I have had no surplus honey since 1903.

Honey is light here this year, and I fear our
honey crop will be a failure again. Bees are
nearly all dead where they have had no atten-
tion. G- D. Hawk

Sullivan Co., Tenn., May 29.

Bees Wintered Well— Building Up
Fast

Bees wintered i well here with no loss that I
have heard of.*; It has been a good spring.
Bees are building up fast, and will be in fine
condition for white clover.

I — r; C. W. HopsECGBR.

Skagit Co., Wash., May 24.

For Qu66ns

SEND TO
JOHN W PHARR
_ . Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
$6; 15 for $8.25; 25 for $12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
-(Prov. 3:21.) 6Atf

i^'ease mentioii Bee journal "wheB -w-ntixifc;

ITALIAN QUEENS

Tested $1.25 each

War. Tested i.oo "
Untested ... .75 "
6 or more, 10 percent
less.

No disease. Good Queens
and prompt service guaran-
teed. If you want a busi-
ness strain of bees send
your order to

CHAS. IW. DARROW.
23Atf R. F. D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

Southwestern Bee-keepers
SAVE MONEY

See our prices on all Bee-KeeperS* SUP-
PLIES betore you buy. ftsead for Catalog. We
carry a full and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HONEY-CANS AND FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co. in Texas
as their sole and exclusive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant & Sons' world-
famous Comb Foundation exclusively. Get our
prices before buving.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quantity at all reasons of the year.
Let us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Bought and sold. We will buy your lioney-
crop, and we especially warn your beeswax at
highest market price?^.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.,

IDtf

(H. H. HvDE, Successor)

SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS.

Please mention Bee ionnml 'wnen 'WTltinK

ABOUT THE SOUTH

"About the South" is the name of a 61-page
illustrated pamphlet issued by the Passenger
Department of the

lLLIPISCEmALR.R.(]0.

in which important questions are tersely an-
swered in brief articles about

Southern Farm Lands,

Mississippi Valley Cotton Lands,

Truck Farming-, Fruit Growing,

Stock Raising-, Dairying-,

Grasses and Forag-e, Soils,

Market Facilities
and Southern Immigration

along the lines of the Illinois Central and
Yazoo & Mississippi Valley railroads, in the
States of Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi
and Louisiana, including the famous

YAZOO VALLEY

OF MISSISSIPPI

Send for a free copy to J. F. Merry, A.G.F. A.,
1. C. R. R , Dubuque, Iowa.

Information concerning rates and train serv-
ice to the South via the Illinois Central can
be had of agents of connecting lines, or by
addressing

A. H. HANSON, G.P.A., CHICAGO, ILL.

23A4t

Please mention the Bee Journal,

mm For Sale

In one of the best locations in the United
States, both as to honey and market. No one
need write me about it unless they mean busi-
ness, and have at least $700 cash to put in the
business. Address, W. S. MITCHELL,

22A4t Muskogee, Ind. Tkr.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

S Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. 0

ourHI^VES and SEOTIOISrS ^
Are Perfect In Workmanship andlHaterlal.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us.a |

BEE= BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BT

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of priat for a number of years.
While some of the matter used ia the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things witb
bees. Price, $1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

tiangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic ia bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound la
cloth. Price, $1.20.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Boot. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.20
•
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
"Jound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
ill leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — Th©
author of this work is a practical and enter-'
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated-
Price, 50 cents.
•

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages lo a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

■Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experienco.
Price, 30 cents.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

June IS. 1905

IHH AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

431

•66§UI

Guaranteed Superioritu !

Lowesi-Prlces

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The American Bee-Keeper

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO..

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbh ST. Chicago. III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOQ OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one-piece Sections, Comb Foundation,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Bees and Queens for sale
in season. A. W. SITAS * CO., Centralis, Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Sheep-Raising Highly Profitable

Sheep-raising is a money-making business
when directed with care, intelligence and
experienced foresight. Bloodied Stock — that
excellent, high-graae stocit paper— will de-
vote its entire June issue lo Shroiishire
Sheep. The contributors to this number of

Blooded Stock

are widely known in sheep circles as having
a well-balanced experience. Tbey will write
from the practical side and teli how you can
imitate theirsuccess. Chandler Bros., Iowa,
and Richard Gibson. Out., Can., will be only
two of many lo warn you of the pitfalls of
sheep-raising and teach you successful
methods.

The July issue of Blooded Sfocfc will be ex-
clusively given up to Duroc-Jersey Hogs.
Don't miss a single issue. 25 cents a year.
Blooded Stock, Box gai, Oxford, Pa.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOE 1905 NOW OK HAND.
FREIGHT BATES FEOM CINCINNATI ARE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS atid CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

I^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W. WEBER '='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

n^aaa memaoo Be« Jonmai wnea WT>a]i&

Chicago, June 7— The volume of sales is in-
finitesimal; hence prices are not considered
important at this season. Comb brings 12@12i^c
per pound for best grades, off lots 7@10c. Ex-
tracted, 5@7c, according to what it is. Beeswax
sells upon arrival at 30c per pound.

R. A. BURKETT & Co.

Cincinnati, June 2.— There is only a fair de-
mand for honey at the ijresent time. We quote
amber extracted honey in barrels at 4Ji@6c. ac-
cording to qualiiy. White clover extracted at
6^(S-^c. The comb honey market is practically
closed for the summer. Beeswax, 29c.

The Fred W.MnTH Co.

Boston, May 23.— Our honey market contin-
ues very dull, with very little movement to be
noted. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1,
12)il@13c. Extracted, from 6@8c, according to
quality. Blake, Scott & IiKB.

Philadelphia, May 19.— The season is about
over for the sale of comb honey, with so few
sales that the market is not established enough
to quote price. Extracted honey has met with
some demand, and we quote as follows: White,
6@7c; amber, S^iu t)C. Beeswax, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, April 19.— There is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only. Beeswax firm at 30c.

HiLDRBTH & SeOELKBN.

Kansas City, May 12.— The honey situation
is a little sironger, and there is but little honey
left in the hand of the dealers. Best honey
bringing from $2.25 to $2.50 a case; amber at
from 2S@50c a case lower. Extracted, 4H@6c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, C, June9.— There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is in usual demand for this
season of the vear. We quote white clover at
7<asc; amber, in barrels, at 5}i@S>«c; in cans,
5Ji@6c. Beeswax, 2-<c. C. H. W. Weber.

Albany, N.Y., Feb. 8.— Honey market dull
this extreme cold weather, especially comb,
which candies or granulates and cracks easily.
We quote: Fancv s hite, 13@14c; No. 1, 12(2(130;
mixed, 10@llc; bncHwheat, 10@llc. Extracted,

better demand: Buckwheat, 6@6Kc; white,
6@6l^c. Buckwheat most in demand, as the
Jewish people will have no other. Beeswax,
30@32c. H. R. Wrioht.

San Francisco, May 31.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections. 11@12 cents; amber,8@10c. Extracted,
white, Sii®6 cents; light amber, 4®Sc; am-
ber, 3@3Hc; dark amber, 2H®3c. Beeswax-
good to choice, light, 27@29c; dark, 25'S26c.

The ship Atlas, sailing Saturday last for New
York, carried 236 cases extracted, reported to
be Hawaiian Island product. Offerings of this
year's California honey so far have not been
large, and mainly by sample. The movement
on local account is light.

Lan&stroth on the
Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edltioa.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of tlie Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club
U with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for f2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with J3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

Wa 8BLL ROOT'S Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndatiou. etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Ca0b.

M.H. HUNT « SON.

Bell Branch. Wayne Co., laicH
Please meiition Bee Journal when WTitin^

432

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June IS, 1905

Sections and Sections and Sections

AND LEWIS' SECTIONS AT THAT

By the Million can be shipped you the minute order Is received

The Following Agents Carry Lewis' Sections :

ENGLAND

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA

C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert. Acton.
California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose-

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA

Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

G. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Suppiles

Watertown,Wis.

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at San Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 31 and Nov. i, 2.

a\nertca/i

See 3ournal

45(hYeaf

CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 22, 1905

No. 25

A QUARTET OF APIARIES

( See page 436)

Apiary and Family of J. M. Mosteller,
of ClierokeeCo., N. C.

Home Apiary of James McNeill,
of Columbia Co., N. Y.

Part of Apiary of Chas. G. Maoklin,
of Whiteside Co., 111.

'S^

^m

Apiary of L. W. Elmore, of Jefferson Co., Iowa,

in Winter.

434

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22, 19t'5

> EVERY BEE-KEEPER #^

Should subscribe to Gleanings in Bee Culture. No progressive bee-keeper can afford to miss a single number. You subscribe '

^ to one paper already? Now, isn't it entirely logical that if you find one bee-paper profitable two papers would be doubly so? K^<"

Providing the second paper was right, and Gleanings is right. Every reader of the American Bee Journal is familiar in a way *

^ with Gleanings, so it is not necessary to go into details regarding its merits. Every number is entirely original matter. ^^<"

Every number contains a wealth of beautiful illustrations. In fact Gleanings is par e.\cellence in many ways. We have £.

^ just published a little boolslet devoted to Gleanings. It is a perfect miniature of Gleanings, going into details describing every 6kc<-

department, and showing just how Gleanings meets the needs of every bee-keeper everywhere. We will gladly send this £.

^ booklet with a sample copy of Gleanings on receipt of a postal card. ^^<-

Votume VWIII

Number 10 "

Some Regular
Departments—

Stray Straws —

By Dr. C. C. Miller, 111.

Beb - Keeping Among
THE Rockies —

By J. A. Green, Colo.

Gleanings from the
Pacific Coast—

By Prof. A. J. Cook, Calif.

Bee-Keeping in the

Southwest —

By Louis SchoU, Tex.

Conversations —

By G. M. Doolittle, N. Y.

Editorials-

By E. R. Root

Some Recent
Contributors—

Hoffman Frames —

By Julius Hoffmau

Producing Both Comb
and Extracted Hon-
ey FROM THE Same
Super —

By E. D. Townsend

The Scent Factor in
Introduction —

By Arthur C. Miller

The Folly of Sending
Unripe Honey to
Market —

By R. A. Burnett

The Hershiser Non-
swarming System —

By O. L. Hershiser

NailedSpacedFrames
By J. L. Hyde

Eastern Edition

^ To Induce You to Subscribe : V^

■^ ^

^ Gleanings and the American Bee Journal one year $1.(5 ^

-♦^ Gleanings 6 months trial 25 ^f.

= Gleanings one year and Red Clover Italian Queen (June or latei ) l.SO •

-»^^ Gleanings one year and " A B C of Bee Culture," postpaid 2.00 ^^<-

^ Gleanings one year and "Langstroth Revised," postpaid 2.00 ^^

■>*^^ Gleanings one year and " Hovf to Keep Bees," postpaid 1.75 '^''

^^ Gleanings one year and Standard Cornell Smoker, postpaid 1.85 i^r

^^ Regular price, $1.00 per year. Foreign postage, 48 cents per year extra. Gleanings is found in every ^^

•>^ important club list. ^«-

I THE A. I. ROOT COflPANY |

2 HEDINA, OHIO ^

^ BRANCHES : Ghicaao, 144 E,. Erie St. Philadelphia, 10 Vine St. New York, 44 Veseu St. X

9)&&e&&e&&e&&&&&^^&&^^i&&&e^-&'&&&f9^^&&^&&&^^^&

f-

1861 xjr

Entered at the Foet-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published YVeekly at Sl.OO a. Tear by Ceorge 'W. York Sc Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORae W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,. JUNE 22, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 25

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

3S4 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SITBSCEIPTION PRICE of this Journal la
$1.IKJ a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABBTj DATE indicates the
etyl of the month to which your subscription ispaid.
ForinBtance."deco3"on yuur label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, 19u4.

STTBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on vour wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riffhts. , ...

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. Fkance, Platteville. Wis.

^^T If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
pubUsbers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

I iN'CORPOHATEUi

OBJECTS:

1 . To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the wame.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual tee ot :?l.uti for each
20 (or fraction of I'n) colunies of bees (spring count 1
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, nr any other
tlrm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a tee of $10, increased by one-
fllth of one ( 1 ) percent of his or its capital used in
the alhed IntereBtf of bee-lteepine.

George W. York. Manager.

3J4 Dearborn St.. CHICAGO. ILL.

Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
190fi. we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending ubONE NEW subscription with Sl.H'.t forthf
Bee Journal a year. Now is a good lime to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies uf the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how manv
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

The American Bee Journal is absolutely an independetit publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping-, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves to be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 45th year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during- its long- and honorable history.

r

(Sbitortal Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

=\

\=:

J

Hive-Ventilation During Harvest

A good many bee-keepers prob;ibly fail to
get the benefit they might have from a suffi-
cient amount of hiye-ventilation during the
lime bees are storing. In many cases the
hive-entrance is the same in July as it was in
March. In March a strong colony may do
with not more than one square inch for its
entrance; but ten times that amount will be
better when the harvest comes, partly because
of the greater strength of the colony, and
partly because of the greater heat of the sur-
rounding atmosphere.

Those who run their bees for comb honey
have perhaps no successful plan for giving
ventilation except at the bottom of the hive,
either by a large entrance or by raising the
hive on blocks at each corner. But in run-
ning for extracted honey one need not be so
careful where the cool air strikes, and can
have an opening at the roof, perhaps by hav-
ing the cover shoved forward so as to leave a
space of ?4 inch or more. That allows a pas-
sage ot air clear through the hive. No need
to worry if rain should beat into such an
opening. Thii abundant ventilation will
make the bees more comfortable, and in some
cases — indeed, in many cases — may be the
means of preventing swarming.

Probably not a few who read these lines
would be the gainers to go at once and give
the air a better chance to get into their hives.
If fearful of the effect ot too much fresh air,
try it on a few colonies at least.

Foul Brood and Extracted Honey

In an article iu the Bee-Keepers' Review,
Elmer Todd sayf ;

The principal causes why foul brood spreads
faster in an extracting apiary, is due to ex-
tracting from combs containing brood, some
of which is, oci-asioaally, diseased, and then

transferring such combs to healthy colonies.
With such management, the extractor also
becomes a source of contagion, and might
disease a whole apiary it it were not cleaned
after extracting, even one set ot combs con-
taining brood taken from a diseased colony.

But he has learned from experience that by
using proper precautions, even in a badly in-
fected district, one may work just as safely
for extracted as for comb honey; and he
gives the following instructions:

Use a queen-excluding zinc between the
uppbr and lower stories, thus confining the
queen below, and extract from no comb from
the lower story, or from any comb containing
brood ; also be careful, when filling the upper
story for extracting, to use no combs taken
from diseased or dead colonies, such as may
contain the dried-down scales of the diseased.
Do this, and foul brood can be as easily con-
trolled as though the apiary were managed
for cocnb honey.

Commenting on the article, Editor Hutch-
inson quotes Wm. McEvoy as saying repeat-
edly that clean, white combs from the super —
combs that had never contained brood — were
perfectly sate to use when emptied of honey
and cleaned by the bees, and concludes by
saying :

Once we thought it necessary to burn up
hives, bees, combs and honey — then, grad-
ually, we began to learn to save first one
thing, then another, and that honey in the
supers is not contanlmated may be the next
thing we will learn.

Doolittle and Pratt on Queen-Rearing

At a meeting of the British Bee-Keepers'
Association, reported in the British Bee .Jour-
nal, Mr. F. W. L. Sladen, after giving an out-
line ot the " liwarthmore " process of queen-
rearing, and giving Mr. Pratt credit for doing
a good service to queen-rearing by introduc-
ing queen eel. e mounted in wooden cups, re-
lated a comparison he had made, as follows ;

In July and August last year I carefully
compared Fratt*s method of rearing the

436

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22, 1905

queens in a small cage in the top of a brcod-
comb, with the latest form of Doolittle's
method of rearing them 4 or 5 inches from
the top between combs of brood separated
from the compartment containing the queen
by a partition of queen-excluding zinc, by
rearing queens by both methods at the same
time in the same hive during a honey-flow, in
my apiary. In both experiments Pratt's cage
was placed in the top of the central comb of
the brood-nest. I found that the pupae in it
were smaller, and weighed less than those
reared by the Doolittle method. The queen-
cells by the Doolittle method were large,
broad, and pitted all over like good specimens
of .queen-cells produced naturally under the
swarming impulse, while those in Pratt's
cage were smaller and narrower, and their
walls and cappings were thin and compara-
tively smooth. The amount of food left in
the cells after feeding ceased was less in
Pratt's cage, and as the pupae developed into
queens it did not grow hard so quickly.

I believe that these results were chiefly
caused by the excluding-zinc, by which the
queen-cells were closely surrounded, prevent-
ing the nurse-bees attending to the queen-
cells and feeding the larvie sufficiently, and
also to some extent by the queen-cells being
placed in the top of the brood-combs, the
whole of the upper halves of which were out-
side the brood-nest (as they always are dur-
ing the middle and latter part of the queen-
rearing season, especially when there is no
super on the hive) , and were filled with honey,
so that a large proportion of field-bees, and a
smaller one of nurse-bees, were probably sur-
rounding the queen-cells than it they had
been in the brood-nest, and in cool weather
the queen-cells, being separated from the
brood-nest, would be liable to be chilled^

As the production of well'developed queens
is of the first importance, I prefer the form of
Doolittle's method above mentioned, and it is
not more laborious; on the contrary, it is less
so, for giving the queen cups first to specially-
obtained queenless and broodless bees is un-
necessary. I find they can be given direct to
the queen-rearing compartment of the colony
in which they are to be finished, and, if this
compartment contains only old brood, they
will be accepted satisfactorily here by con-
fining the bees in the compartment for a few
hours through the insertion of a wire-cloth
partition as by specially-obtained bees.
Queens should always be reared inside the
brood-nest between combs of brood, and the
nurse-bees should have free access to the
queen-cells.

Storing Extracted Honey in Tanks

In the Thirtieth Annual Report of the Onta-
rio Agricultural College and Experimental
Farm at Guelph, the Lecturer on Apiculture,
H. R. Rowsom, gives the following on storing
extracted honey :

During the last two years I have been try-
ing to discover the very cheapest and most
profitable method of storing extracted honey.
When a large amount of honey is to be stored
it Is found that the 60-pound cans generally
used represent a large outlay, and unless sold
quickly generally become dilapidated. Large
tanks, such as are used for water, vinegar or
pickles are expensive, and very much more so
when they leak. Oak barrels are costly, and
it granulated sugar is taken out of them it
costs nearly as much to cooper a barrel to-
gether again as to buy a new one. I have
been using rectangular tanks made of fioor-
ing, the ends and sides of which could be re-
moved after the contents had granulated.
Although they were well waxed they some-
times leaked at the corners.

This year [1904] I tried, with entire success,
lining these tanks with raanilla paper painted
with hot paraffin wax. I experimented with
dry goods packing cases lined with waxed
manilla paper, and found these boxes abso-
lutely proof against leaking.

To store honey in this way a box must be
used, the interior of which is free from any
projections which would cut the paper when
pressed against the sides of the box. Then a
full sheet of manilla paper is laid on the bot-
tom of the box (completely covering it) , and

another sheet around the interior sides.
Where the two ends of this sheet meet in one
corner is nailed a carpet strip so as to cover
both ends of the paper, and other pieces of
carpet strip join the edges ol the sheet on the
interior sides to the one on the bottom.
Manilla paper can be bought in sheets of any
length, and 36 or 43 inches wide. Then the
paper and carpet strips are painted over with
hot wax, and wherever the paper is acciden-
tally torn a small piece of shingle is nailed
over the break and then covered with wax.
This box makes the very cheapest means for
storing extracted honey, and one that is per-
fectly safe.

Nearly all bee-keepers strain their extracted
honey, through cheese-cloth. This is a very
slow process. The honey runs slowly, espe-
cially if it is not very warm, the cloths be-

I

come clogged with minute particles of wax,
and more or less honey is spilled in changing
cloths. Others run their honey into tanks;
and after the impurities have risen to the sur-
face, they run the clear honey out of the bot-
tom of the tanks. But this can not be done
unless the honey is thin, either from heat or
from not being sufficiently ripened. I have
made this method very reliable by using a
large tin storage-can placed out in the sun.
The can is painted black so as to absorb heat
more readily from the sun. The cover of the
can is a wooden frame with glass top, sloping
after the manner of a hot-bed sash or solar
wax-extractor, and this glass is kept turned
towards the sun. When the sun is strong,
the honey becomes very warm, and the small
particles of wax and other impurities come to
the surface.

(T

V

ITIisceUaneous Hctps 3tems

=\

J

The "Washington Bee-Reepers' As-
sociation asked the Lewis & Clark Exposi-
tion managers for an appropriation of $"000
for collecting and preparing an apiarian ex-
hibit at Portland, Oreg., this summer. We
do not know whether or not they got it, but
it showed that the State of Washington did
not intend to be left behind in the bee-keep-
ing line.

Apiary of James McNeill. — Mr. Mc-
Neill says this about his apiary:

I send a picture of my home apiary with
honey-house in the background. In 1880 I
began my bee-keeping on this spot with 3
colonies bought from a neighbor. I have
produced extracted honey almost exclusively.
I have been fairly and uniformly successful,
never having had a failure, nor can I record
any large yields of honey.

I winter my bees on the summer stands
packed with leaves. I started this spring
with 170 colonies at this yard.

Jambs McNeill.

need is "more power to their elbows"
through the enactment of stringent laws
against the adulteratioa of foods of all kinds.
The importance of such laws, and the great
need of the work the State Food Commis-
sions are doing, are becoming more and more
apparent to the public.

The San Antonio Convention of the

National Bee-Keepers' Association is to be
held Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, Oct.
81 and Nov. 1 and 2. Texas bee-keepers are
planning great things for the convention.
Their hospitality and entertainment of con-
vention members promises to be as large and
generous in extent as are the bounds of their
big State. It will be their opportunity to set
the pace for future conventions of bee-keep-
ers. We hope the bee-keepers from all over
the country will just " swarm " down on
those Texas bee-rangers, and give them the
" time of their lives " to " hive " the visitors.

Honey Adulteration in Illinois. — |

We are indebted to Prof. E. N. Eaton, State
Analyst of the Food Commission of Illinois,
for a copy of their Fifth Annual Report for
1904. Referring to honey, we find this para-
graph :

" The percentage of adulteration recorded
in honey, 33 percent, hardly conveys a true
idea of the condition of the market. The
samples were tew, and most of them suspected
of adulteration. As a matter of fact, adul-
teration of honey with glucose, once so preva-
lent, has been practically driven from the
markets."

Surely, the State Food Commission is a
good thing, not only for honey-producers, but
for all other honest p.-oducers of food prod-
ucts. But what the State Food Commissions

Apiary of L/. W. Elmore. — Mr. Elmore
wrote us as follows when sending the picture:

I send a snap-shot of part of my apiary of
50 colonies, taken Feb. 4, 1905, after one of
our heavy snow-storms. I winter my bees on
the summer stands altogether, and have been
very successful in wintering, although this
spring I have lost several queens. Our fall
honey didn't show up at all last fall, conse-
quently a great many colonies, especially late
ones, were short on winter rations, and have
come up minus this spring. Some bee-keepers
have had a heavy loss. My bees are doing
well now (May 5). White clover is in abun-
dance. We expect some honey in the near
future. L. W. Elmore.

Clover and Basswood Prospects are

good in Wisconsin. So reports Inspector
France, who generally knows all that's going
on in that State along the apiarian line. He
says there has been some delay in re-issuing
his new commission as Inspector of Apiaries,
and until he gets it he will be unable to
answer the calls for him to go on with
the work. So if there are any delays, those
who have requested him to come and inspect
their bees will now know the reason why. At
least those who read the American Bee Jour-
nal will know. And, of course, we think eoery
bee-keeper in Wisconsin, as well as elsewhere,
should read the old American Bee Journal
every week.

Apiary of J. M. Mosteller. — Mr. Mos-
teller writes as follows :

I am sending a photograph of my apiary
and family, so that others may see what
North Carolina can do in bee-culture.

I started with the movable-frame hives just
last year. The bees wintered well, and I
have had 3 swarms so far (May 22). June is
the principal swarming month here. Bass-
wood, sourwood, and chestnut are the main
honey-plants.

I have 60 colonies of bees, 4 of them Ital-
ians, and the rest blacks. I secured an Ital-
ian queen in May of last year, and now have
the 4 Italian colonies.

North Carolina and northeastern Georgia
are about as good a country as can be found
for bees. J. M. Mosteller.

June 22, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

437

^ (£ontribiitcb ^-
Special Clrttcles

^

Making a Bee-Hat— Hiving Swarms

BY C. E. MEAD

EVERY one likes his own fixings. A hot bee-veil is as bad
as being stung, for some folks.
Take a strip of blaci wire-cloth 6 or 7 inches wide,
depending upon the length of your neck. Make a hoop of it
that will just go around the outer rim of a straw hat. Sew
the top edge of the wire-cloth to the edge of the brim
of the hat. Sew a cylinder of mosquito-baron the lower
edge of the wire, and cut it out so it will fit over the shoulders.
Bind the lower edge with cloth having some B B shot or
gravel stones in the lower edge. Put it on and button your
vest, and your face is safe and cool. Air will go through wire-
cloth and not through veiling. You can see through black
better than any other shade. To those who do not wear vests
in hot weather, sew two pieces of tape to the back flap just
where it will come under the arms, and tie over the front or
breast-flap.

HIVING INACCESSIBLE SWARMS.

The first swarm I ever hived was in as bad a place as I
ever saw. It was on the trunk of an apple-tree that had the
top broken off by the wind, and the sprouts had grown on the
trunk from 2}4 inches thick and less. An old bee-keeper told
me mashed burdock leaves wet were offensive to bees. So I
took a butter firkin, holding about S gallons, and sprung sticks
in, which were cut a little larger than the diameter. My
companion sprung two of the largest of the sprouts apart and
outward, and we put the firkin in against the trunk, then
packed burdock leaves right behind the firkin and next to the
trunk, so that the bees could not get in there. Then we made
an oblique circle of burdock leaves around the trunk, the
highest point meeting the packing between the firkin and the
trunk. A few bees were put up in the firkin on a sprout, and
then by the use of a burning rag on the opposite side from the
firkin they were soon stampeded into it.

We carefully spread the sprouts and took the firkin, with
a board under it, to the bee-house where we turned it head
down, put two sticks on top, and sot the hive on them, and let
the bees run up into the hive.

You can put a light box or basket, open end down, on tup
of a limb that is too big to shake, and let the bees run up into
that. Then hive 'o suit. With a branch that you can shake
or jar the bees off by bumping, just hold a light box under it
and then shake them into it, place the hive over the box,
covering the surplus space with a board, and let them run up.

A good way is to put two empty hive-bodies where you
wish to have the bees stay. Dump the bees into them and
set the hive, with frames, on top of the two bodies, and put
on the cover. Remove the two lower bodies in from S to 7
days afterward, and put on surplus room, if the season de-
mands it. If the bees are the least bit cross, sprinkle them
well with sweetened water. They do not care to sting with
honey-sacs full. Cook Co., III.

What Is Honey ?— Definitions Reviewed

BY DAVE S. DUNLOP

THE question. What is honey ? is one with which cheujists
as chemists have no concern, and can have no authority.

The question, Whatis honey ? can be answered only by —
1st, the naturalistor student of beelife from a scientificstan<l-
point ; 2d, the man who deals in honey as a commercial prod-
uct— bee-keeper, honey commission merchant ; and 3d, the
purchaser or consumer of honey — the average mortal.

Prof. Eaton, at the Chicago-Northwestern convention last
December, said the Department of Agriculture had asked its
chemists for a definition of honey. If this statement is exiict,
it is very surprising, and the Department of Agriculture is on
entirely a wrong track. A chemist, as a chemist, has no more
authority to define honey than he has to define water or to
define milk. The chemist's work begins just after the delini-
tion of a thing has been made. His work is to discover con-
stituent elements, component parts, their proportion and man-

ner of combination. Water is not defined as H2 0, but H2 O is
said to form water. The definition of water is settled by long
usage, and the chemist merely says that in this thing defined as
or called water he finds the constituent elements are hydrogen
and oxygen in certain proportions rombined in a certain man-
ner. Where the water comes from, be it from clouds, the
physical geographer and weather liureau are asked about the
matter : if from artesian wells, then geologists are consulted
about the earth's hidden strata. If it is to be used for manu-
facturing purposes, the manufacturer is consulted; if to be
used as a beverage the physician Is consulted. But the chem-
ist is concerned, as a chemist, neither in the place nor manner
of the origin of water except as it affects his calculations or
instruments, nor is he concerned with its subsequent use at
the time he analyzes it.

What is true of water is true of milk and everything else.
The naturalist defines a mammal and its food secretion which
he terms milk. This fluid having been defined by the natur-
alist, then, and not till then, does the chemist's work begin.
He analyzes to see what this substance called milk consists of.
What is true of water and milk and everything else is equally
true of honey. The chemist has nothing to do with bee's as a
chemist. He has nothing to do with a honey-comb as a comb,
for a comb is a physical not a chemical fact. He has nothing
to do with flowers, nor with nectar of flowers, nor with sweet-
leaf excretions, nor with plant-lice excretions, nor with a bee's
manner of collecting nor manner of storing its food. These
things are all in the biologists sphere of labor. The natur-
alists—the students of bee-life— deal with these matters. He,
as a chemist, deals only with substances. Of course, the facts
he discovers are very valuable, and aid our practical conduct
of life, but this practical application of his knowledge is not
to be confused with his laboratory analyses.

On page 13, are four definitions of honey. The first three,
" Honey," " Comb Honey," " Extracted Honey," are all defi-
nitions with which a chemist as a chemist has no connection
whatever. The naturalist, bee-keeper, honey dealer and con-
sumer are the only persons with authority to define these
three things. The fourth definition, entitled "Standard
Honey," is apparently not honey as a whole, but only a cer-
tain kind of honey. Honey would be honey, and be " pure
honey," even though it were or were not " standard honey."
For their own laboratory use chemists can make as many dif-
ferent standards or chemical statements of differing grades of
pure honey as their convenience may demand, and bee-keep-
ers, nor honey consumers, nor naturalists, would be concerned
in the least. But the first three definitions can not be allowed
for one moment to be within the province of any analytical
chemist. Therefore, are we to assail chemists for these defi-
nitions— errors? Is it not more likely that the first three
definitions were given the Government Chemists, and they
deduced therefrom the fourth statement, which is not a defini-
tion, and does not profess to be, but is merely a chemical
description of a certain grade of honey ?

The avicultural bureau, or the customs officials, or the
food commissioners, must have made the original definitions
of honey, and it is to these authorities rather than the Gov-
ernment Chemists, that criticism of errors should be made.
Who gave the Bureau of Chemistry the definitions which they
sent out? Let us learn this, then we will know to whom to
write. A chemist, as a chemist, has no knowledge whatever
of the fact that bees gather nectar from flowers. That fact
is outside his scientific province, and he would have no au-
thority whatever to use that fact in any statement as printed
below the three definitions given.

As to the three definitions of honey, the third, which
defines extracted honey, is the nearest to accuracy, but could
be made to include more than its originator probably intended,
or bee-keepers would allow under the term. The second,
which defines comb honey, would include section honey, bulk
honey, extracting-frame honey, and brood-frame honey,
though usually only section honey is meant when the term
"comb honey " is used. But the' first definition of honey in
general, which is supposed to include everything entitled to
be called honey, is undoubtedly incorrect from the standpoint
of the biological scientist, the honey consumer, the honey-
dealer, or anybody else.

It is i)opularly understood, and has been from prehistoric
times to the present day, that lioney is the stored natural
food of adult bees, whether its llavor were sweet or spoiled,
whether it was wholesome or poi-^onous, whether it was white
or yellow, or purple. It has always been understood that
there were various grades of luany, good, fair, and bad. P)Ut
so long as it was a natural product uninterfered with by man
or other disturbing factor; soiling as it was j\ist as the
bees stored it, it was pure honey oven though ouly fit to be
made into honey-vinegar. Milk is pure milk no matter ifiin

438

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22, 190S

spring the cows do eat wild garlic. The quality of the milk
may vary with the cow's food and health. Kut it is still pure
milk so long as some other secretion of the cow, such as blood,
etc., is not mixed with the milk: and the bee's secretion
(chemically changed nec'ar from any source) is still pure
honey no matter whether gathered from fruit-juices, a neigh-
boring farmer's kitchen, or elsewhere.

A natural product may have many grades of various
qualities, but a natural product so long as it is left in its nat-
ural state can never be called adulterated. Adulteration, for
which a man can be punished, is a condition which the man
produced, not a condition which a bee produced. A man may
be forbidden by food commissioners (on the advice of boards
of health) to sell certain grades of honey, not because they are
not pure honey, but because they are unhealthy grades of
honey, just as a milkman can be forbidden to sell milk of a
cow just delivered of a calf, because of its undesirable effects,
but not because it is not pure milk. Milk with germs in is
also bad, but that is not a chemical impurity, originally
at least. It must have the germs added after leaving the
cow. Germs added to honey after the bee stored it would also
be an impurity. But in its pristine condition, after being
ejected from the bee's sacs into the cell, the honey is pure
honey no matter where the bee got her supply of liquid sweet
which in her foraging she collected. Any definition of honey
must be this broad to be true natural history ; and any defini-
tion of adulterated honey must Include some addition or un-
natural modification of this natural product.

The stored natural food of adult bees is undoubtedly
honey, no matter where the bee secured its food. If the
health boards deem honey-dew an unhealthf ul source of honey,
they may recommend that food commissioners forbid the sale
of honey-dew honey, but this is because it is unwholesome
honey, not because it is not honey, just as the sale of a badly
sprouted potato should not be allowed, not because it is not a
potato, but because it is an unwholesome potato.

Honey is the natural, viscid, sweet substance stored by
bees for food. It has varying flavors, colors, and qualities,
and if the writer understands aright, not always exactly the
same chemical make-up. But so long as it is the latter, un-
interfered with natural substance, taken by the bee out of
her honey-sac, and by her stored in a cell of a bee-comb for
the future food of adult bees, or to be later mixed with pollen
for young bees, then it is, in ihe bee's estimation, honey — pure
honey. What the bee classes as pure honey, it has heretofore
been the custom from Jonathan's day and before down till
now, for all mankind to call honey. To make a new definition
would be arbitrary. Neither naturalist, consumer, bee, nor
bee-keeper is calling for a new definition of honey. Let us
keep the old one. Putnam Co., Ind.

m

Savin? Weak Colonies— A Cheering Experi-
ment

BY ALLF.N LATHAM

IN writing our opinions for publication, too many of us I
fear write from too narrow a point of view, failing to put
ourselves in the other fellow's shoes while offering advice.
The veterans, in particular, are writing from the point of
view of the specialist, and have all too little sympathy for the
tender feelings of the man with two colonies.

For instance, a beginner asks what he shall do with a
weak colony, and is told to double it up. Now a man with
100 colonies can not pamper a weak colony, for it will be a
waste of his time, for has he not the ninety and nine left ? But
the man with two colonies does not feel like cutting down his
apiary SO percent at one slash.

I sometimes wonder whether even the old vets don't once
in a while recall the time when they would do almost anything
to save the individuiility of a weakling colony, a time when
the loss of a colony carried with it a pang akin to the loss of
a child, though the feeling be ever so far removed in degree.

I have not yet reached the time when I can with com-
placency see th(! destruction of an individual colony, and I
still put myself to great inconvenience to save the' life of
suijh. It is the piirpose of this article to describe the savino-
of a little colony last yc^ar. "

Some seven years ago I fell into possession of a stray
swarm which had been living on the branch of an apple-tree
two or three weeks. I cut off the branch and fastened it in a
common box about wiiirh I put many tliicknosses of paper
with roofing-paper outside. This colony built up and has
furnished me with one or two swarms nearly every season
since. Naturally it has acquired an individuality of its own.

Last winter nearly proved its death. When the bees flew

in March last there were but a mere handful compared with
the pile of dead bees on the bottom-board and the thousands
which clogged the spaces between the combs. It was a most
disheartened and wretched weakling, and I felt assured that,
unless I bore a helping hand, it would be numbered with the
dead.

Understand that I am writing to the man with one or two
colonies, and you who own your hundreds will only scoff at
what I have to say, so you would better not read further.

I made a box much larger than the hive, and in the box
arranged a shelf of thin board about 10 inches from the bot-
tom. Flush with this shelf in front was a flaring entrance,
while under the shelf was built a chamber which opened by a
double door to the outside in the rear. The hive was set in
without its bottom-board on the shelf, and all about it was
packed ground-cork. Thus the hive was amply protected
from cold. Over all was put a tight cover. It required less
than one afternoon to put the whole thing together in good
shape.

An old gallon can was hunted up, filled with boiling
water, and put in the lower chamber. Over the entrance,
which I have said was flaring, the outside size being about 10
by 3 inches, was nailed a wire-cloth screen, lightly nailed so
that it could be easily stuck on and pulled off.

In less than 3 hours the bees began to feel the warmth
from the water and began to appear at the entrance. The
next motning I removed nearly a cupful of fragments of bees
from the wired-in porch of the hive, and for about 3 days
nearly the same amount of refuse was piled out next to the
wire-cloth. The colony was extremely weak and made little
effort to leave the hive, bending all its energies to house-
cleaning. I had, of course, brushed out all the dead bees I
conveniently could before setting the hive in place, but the
bees found hundreds dead in the cells, and to get them out
they had to pull them to pieces.

The can of water was renewed daily, or else brought to
the boiling point by setting on the stove. By the way, always
remove the stopper when the can is set on the stove. I did
not do this one day, and when it blew out later on there was
a good exhibition of a spouting geyser.

In a few days this little colony was carrying in more flour
and meal than any other colony, and seemed to be getting
into prosperous shape. For 3 weeks they carried flour and
afforded an opportunity to compare flour with pollen. Flour
is a poor substitute, though better than none. Bees brought
up on flour appear to be short-lived and less energetic, unless
the experiment for some other reason cut down the length of
life and energy of the bees. The nurse-bees are rendered
costive by flour, and find difficulty in ridding their systems of
the pasty mas? which, as it is ejected about the hives, has the
appearance after drying of vermicelli.

The can of water was furnished the colony for 4 weeks
and more, till the colony had gained a strength that war-
ranted letting it shift for itself. By early June it compared
very favorably with ray average colonies.

I drove a swarm from it late in June, and to-day I have
the swarm and the parent colony both in excellent condition,
and in every way equal to my best.

I got much pleasure out of the experiment, for the work
came at a season when bees required little attention, and
there was solid comfort in seeing the colony grow from a
hopeless wreck into a self-supporting colony.

So I say to all little bee-keepers : Do not double up your
colonies from necessity, for if you wish to save a weak colony
so that your apiary may hold its own in numbers, you can do
so by doing as I did.

Does it pay to double up ? Even if your colonies number
hundreds doesit pay ? Evidently it does or so many success-
ful apiarists would not recommend it. Yet my own experi-
ence in doubling up has never been satisfactory in the results
obtained.

It has always been my experience that the double swarm
seemed to have at the end of a few days only as many bees as
the single one which occupied the stand had before doubling.
Possibly I do not understand doubling, but it is my opinion
that after doubling many bees are stung, many do not like
new quarters and leave, and many die from failing to mark
the new location. For a day or two the double colony appears
to have received new life, but there follows a rapid decline
into a state no better than existed before doubling up.

The fact is that in the weak colonies, as a rule, there are
only old bees, and old bees are not worth doubling. But if
there are a few hundred new-season bees the results will be
very different. I have seen amazing results follow the intro-
duction of a pint of young bees into a weak colony — new life
and rapid building up quickly follow.

New London Co., Conn.

June 22, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

439

^

(£onr>cntion
Procccbings

J

Papers Read at the Minnesota Convention

Held at Minneapolis Dee. 7 and 8, 1904

SOHE THINGS

HAVE LEARNED ABOUT BEE-
KEEPING

My first interest in liees dates back to the early fifties,
when as ;i small child I observed an old man hiving new
swarms in hives that were up to date at that time. They were
boxes 12 or IS inches square and two feet or more high, hung
upon flat posts bv cleats nailed to their sides, the posts hav-
ing similar cleats for the hives to rest upon, and when the
hive was in position the bottom was about IS inches from the
ground. The bottom-board slanted enough so that anything
dropping down inside the hive was easily carried out by the
bees. The bottom-board projected about three inches for an
alighting board. Two sticks were fastened crosswise near
the center of the hive to help support the comb. Two or
three holes were bored through the lop of the hive which were
closed with stoppers, the same being removed when supers
were placed in the hives for the surplus honey. These supers
consisted of square boxes and round ones about the size of one
peck measure. When this man thought there was surplus
honey to take off he would take a broom straw and remove a
stopper inside of the super, run the broom-straw in, and upon
drawing it out would look for honey on it, and by the amount
of honey on the straw he would judge as to whether it was
best to take off surplus honeyl

It was observing this man handling his bees, and the bits
of honey he gave me from time to time, that caused me to try
to keep bees later on.

Upon taking my homestead rights in Renville county, in
1877, 1 still had a desire to try to keep bees, but I was told I
could not keep them on the prairie, so I did not undertake it
until after some years when I found a swarm of bees had
taken possession of a martin house on top of the barn. I
tried transferring these bees into a box, but they soon died.

The spring following I bought two colonies and from that
time until now I have not been without bees and honey.
First I used the Langstroth portico 10-frame hive with wide-
frame section-holders in the supers. My bees would swarm
before they would work in the supers.

With these I had better success in obtaining honey in sec-
tions; but even with the 8-frame dovetail hive and the latest
improved section-holder I found only one or two hives in an
apiary of IS or 20 would store much section honey. My oppor-
tunity to study and observe the bees was limited, as farm work
took my attention, so I learned but slowly from the school of
experience.

Now after fifteen years of keeping bees I have decided
upon what I believe to be the best method to adopt, to obtain
the best results in getting surplus honey, both extracted and
comb.

On all good, strong colonies I place full extracting supers
with full-comb frames, or full foundation frames. If a'v of
the colonies got the swarming fever and a large swarm ((jines
off I hive it either on full-comb frames or full foundation
frames, and place a section super with foundaiion starter
in the sections. In this way I find the bees almost always
go to work at once, filling the sections. Sometimes I taki- the
frames from the extracting supers to hive the bees upon, sub-
stituting comb foundation frames for the extracting supers.

Now it occurs to me after these years of handling Ix-es,
since I have taken more time to observe them, that I have
hardly begun to learn anything about them. They do things
sometimes that are so unexpected that 1 have decided it wnuld
take much longer time, were I abh; to do so, to tell wh.it I
have yet to learn about bees than what I have learned.

The past summer, on two occasions, I observed a sv.ann
come out of one hive and enter another, the hive of aiiitlicr
colony that had just swarmed, and owing to the queen failing
to fly, they came back and all entered tha same hivf p> aci'-
ably, and each time they swarmed in about 3 days, and I hi- ed
them. Hoth swarms seemed to be double ones and ston il a
good quantity of surplus comb honey.

Another surprise for me was when I was shaking a iilmn-

tree I observed what I first thought to be a hornet's nest, but
upon closer examination I found was a swarm of bees. This
struck me as very strange, as it was Oct. 1, and I had seen no
signs for two months or more of the bees swarming. Upon
getting the bees down and shaking them in front of a hive I
found they had built a good-sized comb on the limb.

In conclusion I will say in bolialt of the great State of
Minnesota, when one can do as I have done, take many
pounds of the finest honey from the cornices of houses, and
obtain plums and honey from the same tree, it is a good State
to live in. I believe it will be in the lead of all States in all
lines of advancement and progress. H. V Pooue.

Renville Co., Minn.

BEE-KEEPING FROM A WOMAN'S STANDPOINT

Anything that tends to outdoor life has always appealed
very strongly to me, so when I began, some three or four
years ago, to read a series of articles in one of our farm papers
on "Bee-Keeping for Women," my Interest in the subject
was aroused.

I had always said that there was one thing that should
not come on our place, and that was a hive of bees, but when
I read of the wonderful things that a woman could do, and
how alone and unaided, even by her husband, she could sup-
ply her own table, and that of all her relatives and friends,
and still have enough to sell so that her pocket-book would be
full and running over at Christmas time, I was a firm believer
in the bee as a money-maker. I at once sent for the "ABC
of Bee-Culture," also subscribed for "Gleanings" and later on
for the American Bee Journal. Every spare moment was
spent in reading, until at last I decided I must have a colony
of bees.

One April morning I found, among other birthday pres-
ents at my plate an envelope containing some money, where-
upon the children exclaimed, "Now mamma will have her
bees !"

A few days more and I had called upon Mr. Acklin, and
made my first investment in one colony of Italian bees, veil,
smoker, etc. As that was the first time I had ever seen a
bee-hive, and stood in mortal fear of the bees themselves, I
felt when I started home that I had thrown my money away.

The next day a telephone message announced the arrival
of the bees at the express office, and suggested that I call for
them at once. This only increased the "sinky" feeling, but
smothering it as best i could I started out although with
many misgivings.

My husband came home with me, and suggested that we
stop at prayer-meeting on the way home ! We did so, but a
longer hour I never spent. The possibilities of unction not
divine in case one of the small boys hanging around outside
should take a notion to see the inside of that hive were any-
thing but pleasant to contemplate.

The bees were finally safely landed at home and the num-
ber of cakes of honey that were promised to friends from that
colony were beyond count.

Imagine my feelings when fall came and I had nothing to
show for the summer's work but an empty super and one
swarm — a good, strong one, however, which came out July 18.

The next spring the fever ran higher than ever, and when
a man drove in one day and offered me three colonies of bees
for a pair of fine geese, the trade was quickly made.

I was now fairly started in the business, and in a position
to put to the test the theoretical knowledge I had absorbed
during my year's reading.

Right here let me say to those who sneer at " book farm-
ing," that in my case at least theory and practice have fitted
together very nicely. In addition to reading everything I
could find on the subject, I have driven miles to talk with
other bee-keepers. I have always found them willing and
glad to aid a beginner, and many thanks are due them all, tor
much timely advice and help.

Every year since then I have added to my small begin-
ning, both by natural increase and purchase, until I now have
about 35 colonies, and the yield last season, of both comb and
extracted honey, far exceeded my expectations.

Living on one of the principal thoroughfares out of Min-
neapolis, there is a constant dcin ;ud for honey by people who
see the hives in the yard, and 1 have no trouble iu selling my
crop at a good price.

A few months ago the que- timi was asked in the Rural
New Yorker, how a young w>jin;ui of 20 could stay on the
farm to assist her mother, ami at, the same time earn a little
pin-money for herself. A large ivimber of answers were sent
in, adviiing her to try everythin^■ from sewing to small fruit,
poultry-raising being the favoriti . but not one mentioned bee-

440

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22, 190S

keeping. Just which one the young lady decided to try we
shall probably never know, but, if she is like most women, she
is experimenting with them all.

It seems to me there is no comparison, both from a finan-
cial standpoint and the labor involved, between caring for a
flock of poultry large enough to yield an income, and 30 or 40
colonies of bees. I know whereof I speak, for I've tried both.

How much pleasanter it is on a cold, rainy spring day to
think that your bees are safely housed than to don waterproof
and rubbers — if they're handy, and if not to wade out without
them — to chase some poor half- drowned chickens or turkeys
that have been foolish enough to leave their mother's wing.

Then, too, during our long, cold winters we know that our
bees are safe and sound in the cellar without further care
from us until the warm April days call them forth.

So far I have taken care of my 35 or 40 colonies without

any help except at swarming time. Occasionally an obstinate
swarm would take to the top of a tall tree, but I have gen-
erally been able to control them with a small spray-pump.

I have been surprised to find how few women are engaged
in this most interesting of all outdoor occupations. How much
better to spend our spare time in the sunshine and fresh air,
studying and caring for these tireless little workers, than to
strain our eyes over the embroidery frame or intricate lace
stitches.

To me there is nothing more fascinating than to watch
the bees as they come in with their loads of golden pollen, or
to open a hive and study the combs as they are filled with the
tiny eggs or the young bees just hatching, and to hunt out the
beautiful queen as she moves around among her subjects.
Truly we may say, "Marvelous are thy works, O Lord."

Hennepin Co., Minn. Mrs. W. S. Wingate.

Conducted by £mm^ M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

What to Combine With Bees

From time to time the question arises,
" "What business combines best with bee-
keeping?" However it may be with the
brothers, most ot the sisters have no need to
cogitate long about it; for them perforce
house-iseeping in the fullest acceptation of
the term is with bee-keeping the combination.
And the combination is not a bad one. A
rainy day is not a good time to work with
bees; but just the lime to put up fruit.
House-keeping keeps one too closely in the
house ; the work at the bees gives the chance
for the needed sun and air. The sisters who
enjoy bee-keeping, it they do not live the
longer for it — and many of them do — have at
least more of life for their work with the busy
little insects.

See what Mrs. Honaker has to say about it
in her article on this page.

Bar-le-Duc Ppeserves— Currants
and Honey

Inserted is this recipe, which never before
appeared in print to my knowledge. Up to-
date cooks know that this imported delicacy
is becoming more and more popular, as it is
better known, though its price made it pro-
hibitive where economy was essential. Where
time is no object, and is more plentiful than
money, one can now make this at home in the
currant season, and nothing surpasses it as a
company or holiday dainty.

Take selected red (or white) currants of
large size, one by one, carefully make an in-
cision in the skin }^ of an inch in size, with
tiny embroidery scissors. Through this slit,
with a sharp needle, remove the seeds, sep-
arately, preserving the shape of the fruit.
Take the weight ot the currants in extracted
honey, and, when hot, add the currants. Let
simmer a minute or two, then seal as jelly.
The currants retain their shape, are of a
beautiful color, and melt in the mouth.
Should the currants liquefy the honey too
much, carefully skim them out, reduce the
syrup at a gentle simmer to desired consis-
tency, and store as befort after adding the
fruit. — Boston Cooking School Magazine.

Bee-Keeping for Woi^en— A Desir-
able Occupation

In almost every rural community there are
a number of women with eonsiderable spare
time on their hands and with a laudable ambi-
tion to engage in some sniull business which
will insure them an individual income. To
such, when favorably located, I would say,
" Try bee-keeping." There is nothing about
or connected with the work repulsive to the
most fastidious, nor is there with the possible

exception of cellaring, anything about it be-
yond the strength of the ordinary woman.
Any woman who is able to do the work of the
average household, is able to take care of a
small apiary. The returns from even a few
colonies should, if bees are well managed, be
sufficient to insure financial independence;
while as experience is gained and the colonies
increase, a larger income may be expected.

I do not mean to infer by this that women
should endeavor to support themselves by any
kind of special effort, but only to encourage
those who are able and anxious to "do some-
thing," by pointing out to them the advan-
tages of this most desirable occupation for the
ambitious woman. For indeed it is a desirable
occupation in more respects than one. Profit-
able, and moreover strengthening and up-
lifting to body, mind and soul, it is well able
to supply the needs of many classes of women.
There is possibly no occupation open to
women capable of inspiring so much interest,
enthusiasm and spiritual contemplation as
that of apiculture. Even a woman's natural
repugnance to "crawling things " is forgot-
ten, and the wonder and admiration excited
by a closer acquaintance with the busy little
workers leads her to a greater appreciation of
the provision of an all-wise Creator for the
" children ot men."

Then because of this same uplifting and
ennobling influence, I would say to those
women who are bowed down with mental
care and worry, and who feel that life has
brought to them too little of its sweets and
too much of its bitter dregs, " Try bee-keep-
ing." Oftentimes this would prove more
diverting, more effective than a change of
scene and habit which physicians are so prone

to advise. For most country women, espe-
cially those whose interests are centered in a
farm home, there is small opportunity, and,
only too often, small means for travel, in
consequence of which the soul-sick and sor-
row-burdened woman struggles on in suffer-
ing and despair until roused in some chance
way, or until death ends the scene. If such a
one could or would be induced to undertake
the care of a few colonies of bees, untold
good would probably result, and life would
soon take on a new and broader meaning.

Not only is bee-keeping conducive to men-
tal and moral health, but to physical as well.
There is nothing which calls into play all the
muscles of the body more effectually, and
that, too, in the open air, than the various
changes of work called for in bee-keeping.
To those, then, who are in declining health,
and who feel the need of wholesome outdoor
exercise during the pleasant days of summer,
I would say, "Try bee-keeping." Many a
consumptive and rheumatic sufferer might
have been relieved, and possibly cured, if bee-
keeping had been engaged in at an early stage
in the progress of the disease. Many another
might be saved now, by engaging in it before
it is too late for any means to avail.

Ot course a certain amount ot time must be
available for the purpose before bee-keeping
should be engaged in by any one, whether
man or woman, whatever the object. For this
reason it should not be undertaken by women
whose hands are already full to overflowing
with other work. But otherwise, other things
being favorable, it is an occupation suitable
in every way for women — that is, for those
classes and under the circumstances named
above. Mrs. Millie Hokaker.

Vernon Co., Wis.

Bees Working Well

My bees are getting lots ot honey now.
They are working well on a good flow. I have
12 strong colonies, all mixed bees. I had all
Italians last year, but now all are mixed, I
believe. Mrs. D. Mater.

Cherokee Co., Tex., .June 5.

/T

ITiw :^asty 5 Clftcrtt?oucsI?ts

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

BUYING QUEENS AND FOUL BROOD.

I wish to call attention to the fact that the
Illinois Inspector thinks buying queens to be
a leading cause ot the spread of foul brood
into clean territory. The Wisconsin Inspector
is on record in the same direction, I believe.
Let's have a National Inspector of the queen-
breeding yards — bound to publish just what
conditions he finds in every apiary that adver-
tises queens for sale. Page 342.

CUT LOAF SUGAR FOR BEE-FEEDING.

Cut loaf sugar as a : ubstitute for candy to
put over a colony for wintering seems to have,
at least one excellent testimonial from ihe

sister on page 343. Bees can work at but one
side of a candy-cake, while Old Zero works at
the other side. The cubes of loaf sugar will
be more nearly enveloped by warm bees dur-
ing the process of slow liqueficalion. This
sister seems to find that they eat the most of
it even in hives where they do not absolutely
need it. And that's a good recommend for
the form of feeding.

This lady seems to think it remarkable that
it took her all last year to learn the ditterent
bee-traits. If she actually did all that we
shall have to part with her— for the good of
the human race. She must enter one of the
great astronomical observatories, and in two

June 22. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

441

years she will discover all the secrets of the
universe.

BOSNIAN HIVES SHOULD BE POPCLAR.

Bosnia seems to be the place for those who
howl about the high price of hives — the gov-
ernment furnishes free lumber to make bee-
hives. " Wish the kickers were all in
Bosnia 1" (Hive-trust man.)

FBKDING SUGAR AND FEEDING BACK HONET.

So Hutchinson thinks that feeding sugar
and feeding back honey are much alike in
that almost any results fan be secured. That
phrase, " Almost any results can be secured,"
sounds like a stand-patter, worth memorizing.
I suppose a good few of us experimented a
little at feeding for sugar-honey — and our sec-
tions cost us much more than market price —
and nevertheless we knew pretty well that we
could make a success of it if It were worth
while. Telling outsiders that sugar can not
be profitably fed for surplus is not to be rec-
ommended— foolish, because they won't be-
lieve it — and immoral, because most likely it
isn't true. Page 344.

HIVING SWABMS ON DRY COMBS.

Bees do swarm sometimes when they are in
a very hungry condition ; and it's not good
practice to hive such on combs of honey.
Results in excitement much like a robbing
scrape, with more or less of actual robbing
mixed in. Hive them on dry combs, and ex-
change for the combs of honey at nightfall.

When the honey-How is on, the practice re-
ferred to is not so bad ; but even then bees
like dry combs best, and will be a little more
likely to stay. I 'age 345.

EXTRACTED VS. COMB HONEY.

I would lift my voice in behalf of that fool
on page 345. ITe is not damaging the honey
market probably, while his wise (1) brother
may be doing just that thing.

QUEENS AND BABY NUCLEI.

If a queen is put in a baby nucleus only in
warm weather, and only when ready to mate,
the harm the new device does would seem to
be reduced to a minimum. Quite curious if
queenless bees are less tolerant of super-
numery young virgins than bees of a colony
with a laying queen are. According to .John
W. Pharr, page 34C, the latter will feed them
through the wires — presumably by the
amount of sting-poison which they evaporate.
Yet possibly this last may be wrong. All
queens soon die from nerve causes if entirely
bereft of company. Perhaps with only ene-
mies for company death would be about as
speedy, and the cause about the same.

SOUTHERN CANE SYBUP VS. HONEY.

So, according to the average Southern pal-
ate home-made cane-syrup is better than
honey. We can thank Mr. Ashley for that
item — even if we quarrel with the item itself.
Page 348.

r

K

X)octor ITItUcr 5 Quc5tton=23ox

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

It^" Dr. Miller does 7iot answer Questions by mail.

=\

^

Stachelfiausen's Practice With
Shaken Swarms

On page 246 Mr. Stachelhausen says:
" I put the shaken or natural swarm on the
old stand, and the parent colony close by its
side; 10 days afterward the most of the bees
of the old hive were shaken in front of the
swarm and the queen-cells cut out."

I am in the dark as to why he waits 10 days
in th,e case of a natural swarm. Is there not
danger that, in case the old colony was not
too much weakened by the loss of its field-
bees, a second swarm may issue 8 days or so
after the first one issued* Iowa.

Answer. — Although both shaken and nat-
ural swarms are mentioned, I suspect that
when Mr. Stachelhausen spoke of " 10 days "
be had shaken swarms particularly ia mind;
for surely, in the case of a natural swarm, as
you say, there would be danger of a second
swarm before the expiration of the 10 days.
With a shaken swarm there would be no such
danger, provided queen-cells had not been
started before the sliaking. If I am wrong in
any way about it, will Mr. Stachelhausen
kindly correct, if this should happeu to catch
his eye?

Introducing Queen-Cells or Queens

Suppose an apiarist has a number of choice,
ripe queen-cells in protectors, or just-hatched
virgin queens in cages, and they are of supe-
rior strain. How can he introduce them to
full colonies, remove the old queen at the
time of introduction, and Avfowthat they will
be accepted, and that the bees u'ill nut rear
queens from their interior brood, lake the
swarming notion, and do other things ob-
jectionable! Kentucky.

Answer.— I don't know. That is, I don't
know how he can be entirely sure, for bees
are somewhat given to cutting up all sorts of
didoes. But by doing as you say he can be as
reasonably sure as he can of most things in
bee-keeping. Sometimes a queen-cell that
looks all right contains nothing but a dead

larva. In that case the colony would start
cells of its own, and if strong enough would
be likely to swarm as soon as the first virgin
was ready to fly. So it would be a little safer
to give a virgiu queen. If not more than a
day old, and caged, its acceptance would be
practically certain. Indeed, if you take a vir-
gin not more than 6 hours old — possibly it
would be all the same if not more than 24
hours old — go to the hive and give to it the
virgin queen without any caging, and then
kill the old queen, there would be no question
as to acceptance. There are still two"ifs"
in the case ; (/' there were no cells in the hive
previously, and //' the virgin is not lost on
her wedding-trip. To provide against the
first, you must make sure to kill all queen-
cells in the hive at the time of giving the vir-
gin or queen-cell; otherwise you will be
pretty sure of swarming; and as to loss on
the wedding-trip, you must take your chances
and be ready to make good any chance loss.

Best Kind of Bees

Which kind of bees would you advise a be-
ginner to get, the (Jerman .or black bees, the
Italians, or the Carniolans? Which are the
best for comb honey ? Maine.

Answers. — 1. It doesn't make such a great
deal of differeuiu what kind of bees a begin-
ner starts with, as it is so easy to change
stock by the purchase of queens. So if he
can get no other than black bees handily, let
him start with them, and then get an Italian
queen. Of course, if he can get Italian stock
that will be better.

3. Italians arc: more gentle than black. Car-
niolans are reported to be still more gentle ;
but some report them cross. Carniolans may
not all be alike, or not all pure.

Swarms Uniting

Last year a lar^je swarm of bees came ofl,
and while I v as preparing to hive them a
swarm issued .' > n another hive and settled

with them. I didn't know how to separate
them, and as they seemed to agree I put 2
hives together, one on top of the other, mak-
ing a double-decker of it. They did well.
This was a new thing to me. In a few days
another swarm came off, and while getting
them into the hive a swarm from another col-
ony came pouring into the hive. There was
nothing else for me to do but to make another
double-decker. This thing was repeated the
third time.

This spring one of those double-deckers has
swarmed. There seemed to be a half barrel of
bees. They couldn't all get in a single hive
any way I could fix it, so another double-
decker was made.

What should I have done with them, and
what am I to do in the future. If they keep
this up I will have to get some 10-bushel
boxes. Iowa.

Answer. — Some throw a sheet over the
hive to prevent another swarm uniting with
it. If they persist in spite of the sheet, you
can help matters by having a smoker in full
blast and playing lively upon them. A better
way is to have your queens clipped; then
when a swarm issues, move the old hive away,
set a new hive in its place for the swarm to
enter on its return. Pick the queen up when
she comes out, and let her run into the new
hive with the swarm. With this management
swarms will seldom oSer to unite.

A Queenless Colony

1. My bees are doing very well now. I win-
tered 7, but have lost 2, and one other is very
weak. What shall I do with it? I think the
queen is lost, so I have thought that I would
put in with them the first swarm that comes
along.

2. Would you advise putting another super
on the hive before they swarm? They seem to
be rather lazy. Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. Yes, you can put a swarm
with them if they are queenless, or you can
unite them with the weakest of the others.

2. Giving more room is not a cure for lazi-
ness unless they actually need the room. But
be sure to give them all the room they need,
and the best way to be sure of that is to give
it a little before it is needed.

Asking Questions -
—Feeding Honey-

Hive-Ventilation
-Ants in Supers

1. Can one ask as many questions as he
wishes, if they are not answered in his bee-
books and are about bees?

2. Does a hive need ventilation if in the
shade, and, if so, would it need it when the
temperature gets up to 90 degrees in the
shade or below that? How low can the tem-
perature get before it needs shutting down ?

3. Is it all right to feed honey in the comb
from a colony that has died during the win-
ter, if it smells all right, and would it be if it
did not?

4. Would it do to put a littlechunk of comb
honey at the entrance at night to stimulate
brood-rearing?

5. Do black ants harm anything in the up-
per stories? Iowa.

Answers.— 1. Yes, provided he does not
ask more than 53 times in a year.

3. Yes, I once had combs melt down in a
hive so thoroughly shaded that the sun did
not shine on it all day long; but there was a
thicket on one side and a corn-field on the
other, so that there was little chance for the
air to stir. .\ colony must have ventilation
to some extf.m always; and, of course, it will
have some ventilation with a very small en-
trance. At any time when bees are busy
gathering til .c should be sufBcient ventila-
tion so the bees will hang out. An entrance
equivalent to '.i square inches is as little as
should be a!' .wed, and if that can not be had
otherwise . lie hive should be blocked up. But
20 square luehes of ventilating space is better
than 9. Tliere is no need to make any change
when the teiijperature runs up to 90 degrees,
nor when it runs down on cold nights.

3. Yes, ii it all right to feed honey from a

442

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22, 1905

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<« If Goods are ^vauted Quick, send to Pouder ''

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods afRoot's Prices

Everything^ used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .'. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Qiueen-Bees by Return Naii

Untested Queen $ .75

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breedintr Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen S.OO

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

Wf\LTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

'"ff ." '!#.• >!#? ■'?♦.■ '.^^ if.* '!|.* "if.* '!t.* *!•.■ 'if .■ f f .■ ff .* 'ff .* if.* if.* if.* 'ifj» 'if .» 'if.* ^.* 'tfF 'if .*■ 'if.*' Tf ;

•«.|r

m

?♦?

-».♦,«■
iii

#

#
#
■»,♦?
#

$14.00 to Chautauqua Lake, N.Y.,
and return, from Chicago, via Nickel
Plate Road, July 7th, with extreme re-
turn limit of Aug. 8th, by depositing
ticket. No excess fare charged on any
train on the Nickel Plate Road. Cheap
rates to other eastern points. Three
trains daily, with vestibuled sleeping-
cars. Individual Club Meals, ranging
in price from 3Sc to SI. 00, served in
Nickel Plate dining-cars; also service
a la carte ; and midday luncheon, 50c.
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
113 Adams St., room 298, Chicago, 111.,
for particulars. Chicago city ticket
offices. 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex, Chicago depot. La Salle and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.
12— 25A2t

VIRGINIA QUEENS iTrjoit:rnryV^i

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June IS, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15. 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

15A12t FREMONT. MICH.

Eees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. A 1 1 queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .90

One tested queen 1.10

One select tested queen.. 1.40

One breeding qneen 2.20

One comb nucleus (no
queen) 1.10

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of Queens, send for
free price-list. .1. L,. SXK4»IWCi.
304 Bast Logan Street CLARINDA IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jonntal.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so, we can fill your order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3-battd Italians; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$8 per doz. Tested Queens, $1 each. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoREAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

>^ease mention Bee Jotimal wtieu wrltlue,

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I Sections at 1-4 Less

•^ This is a plain statement. You can verify the truth of it Ir, sending us your '

1^ order. If you are iici satisfied with the quality of the goods when you receive them, i

1^ send them back; we want you to be absolutely satisfied.

I^ The quality of our goods has no superior, but the location and the modern i

• ^ equipment of our fiuiory, enables us to undersell any bee-supply house in the coun- ,

•^ try. Send us your orders at once. We ship promptly and jjive careful attention to

:^ instructions.

I JOHN DOLL & SON I^p^pues

^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN, g

colony that died in the winter, unless the col-
ony died of a contagious disease such as foul
brood, pickled brood, or black brood.

4. Yes, provided you do not leave it to start
robbing in the morning.

5. No, except to annoy the operator by
crawling over his hands and biting. There
are, however, ants in the South that ruin
whole colonies; and even where you live
there is a very large kind that honey-combs
bottom-boards.

Starting With Bees

I am a novice in the bee-business, having
just started this year.

I began by buying one colony of a bee-
keeper close by, and the combs are fo built
that I can not get the frames out to examine
them, so I can not tell whether they have
started any queen-cells or not, and do not
know whether they will swarm in a day or
two or a month.

This has been a very cool spring, but we
have had a few nice days, and it has not been
so cool but that the bees could fly nearly
everyday. But when we would have a nice
day the bees would come out and fly around
the front of the hive so one could hardly see
it. It has been nice for nearly a week, and
the bees are not flying around the hive now,
but seem to be working. Do you think they
have swarmed and left, or that the last few
warm days have brought the flowers out and
they are in the field working? White clover
is nicely in bloom (June 3) , and also a good
many wild-flowers. KaKsas.

Answer.— It is hard to be positive about it.
It may be that the bees tried to swarm on the
days when they were so thick on the hive, and
some defect prevented the queen flying with
them ; and it is possible that they were out
for a play-spell. If the bees were so thick on
the front of the hive that they actually cov-
ered it from sight, they were probably swarm-
ing— that is, they had swarmed out, and you
saw them when they had returned.

DOOLITTLE'S

Partner telling his
best girl about the
tine

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one of their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

llDtf BorodlDO, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

40-PaSe Catalog Free!
Full information regardinK all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, Beet Roods. Latest Im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hives and Fixtures*
Prompt shipments. John Nebel & SON Sdpplt
CO.. Eligh Hill, Mo, 3Dtf

Flease mention Bee Journal when writinit

HONEY- JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal s«rew cap, holding* one
pound of honey net, one g^ross in case complete
in S-g-ross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN.

265 Sl 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

June 22. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

443

Kcports anb
(Sxpcricnccs

Bees Storing Honey

The bees are working fairly well. Some
have two supers on anJ some one. They are
not all filled yet. The colonies which I am
running for extracted honey are doing splen-
didly. 1 try to keep the bees from swarming,
but some of them will do so in spite of all my
endeavors. I have had 2 swarms this season,
one on May 5 and the other to-day.

D. C. McLeod.

Christian Co., 111., June .5.

A Home-Made Wax-Extractor

If any one wishes to get a nice, clean prod- •
net in wax, and thoroughly rendered, with
little expense and labor, I would suggest one
of the many ways we have tried. " It works
like a charm,'' and costs but little.

With a can-opener, cut the top out of a
square 5-gallon oil-can. Beat the edges
smooth, and clean it with boiling soap-suds.
Put in the best combs first, and the old brood-

We have secured the services J^

of one of the best Queen special- 0

ists in the U. S. Over 20 years' 6

experience rearing Queens. Our §

Yard is stocked with select breed- a

ers from the best yards in Amer- jj

ica, and can send Queens by re- g
turn mail.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens l.SO

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiBJIDO, - OXIIO.

Please mention Bee Journal "wiien -writing

WhatAdelBeesDo

E. Milton, Mass., May 27, lOOS.
Send me queeu same strain as the one sent
1904. That queen proved the best queen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
15, V'OS. Rout. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are SI each.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee Joamal "wtien ^rrltuif,

4th of July

r Tickets will be sold at one fare for
the round-trip, plus 25 cents, from Chi-
cago, July 1st. 23, 3d and 4th, to any
point on the Nickel Plate Road. Re-
turn limit July 5th. Chicago Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts. City
Ticket Offices, 111 Adams St., and
Auditorium Annex. Telephones Cen-
tral 2057 and 6172 and Harrison 2208.

11— 25A2t

666-SllDDll6S!

Discount for Earlu Orders

We carry a larfre stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free II-

T,USTKATED CATALOG, and

read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES -Trester Supply Co., Lincoln,NeD.; Shugart & Ouren, Council BlutEs.Iowa;

Dimner's Foundaiion is me Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
increase over 1903. « « . « j. •<

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

I%^J^rlZ\^lTo!^TrtltZo^l%'o^ lle^l^lVn'^danada tor Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

6ftR-L0ftDS

of Lewis' B-Ware come to our city lor distri-
bution. We carry a large stocic which enables
us to make immediate deliveries. We invite
your inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Davenonrt. Iowa,

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
oulckly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, tl.SO— cash
with order. Address, „„_.,,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44A.if KNOXVILLE, TENN.

jyj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal -when ■wTitln&

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

rioiiso menuon iSee journal wnen .Titliig.

G. B. lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

Wecarryan-ist complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
free Foundai . a Cutter free with each order, if you state whe.i yon saw this ad.

uAtf NORRIS & ANSFACH, Keaton

Send for catalog. It's

Ohio.

444

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22 1905

BEST BEE-SUPPLIES

Lewis* Goods at Factory Prices.

Root's Smokers and Extractors, Dailant's Coniti Fonndation, Bingliam Smokers.

Dovetailed hives with the famous COLORADO COVER. The best cover ever put on a
bee-hive. Hives (if entirely complete) cost you no more with this cover than with other
covers, but they are far better. WHERE DO TOU LIVE? We will quote you a price with
freig-ht paid to your station if you send us your list of what you intend to buy. We ship goods
each year into every State east of the Rocky Mountains; let us ship to you.

A Porter Bee-Escape Free with First Order if You say where you saw this ad. 88-
page Catalog free. Send for one at once.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

E.waSi'st.lndiaDapolis,lDd.

■"Please mention Bee .Tourtiai -wtIirtj ■writi-ap

A Standard-Bred Italian Qneen-Bee Free !

For Sending One New Subscriber.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fine, Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the follow-
ing conditions, all of which must be strictly followed:

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own
subsc.iption paid in advance at least to the end of this year

2. Sending your own name with the SI. 00 for the Bee Journal
will not entitle you to a Queen as a premium. The sender must
be already a paid-in-advance subscriber as above, and the new sub-
scriber must be a NEW subscriber; which means, further, that
the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at
least not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a

new one; and, also, the new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where
the Bee Journal is already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need be
made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be earned in
a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

We will book the orders as they come in and the Queens will be mailed
Will you have one or morel

If you cannot get a new subscriber, and want one of these Queens, we will send tne
American Bee Journal a year and the Queen — both for only SI. 50. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

We are

Maniiiaclurers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large quantity of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFC, CO.,

combs on top of them, then pour in water till
nearly full. Having put on the cover, put a
smooth, clean stone on it. The cover is made
of heavy galvanized or tinned sheet-iron, with
holes made about the center, and nailed to a
cross made of boards 3 inches wide, notched
to fit each other, or like paste-board in egg-
cases, and just the length of the width of the
can, so as to keep the cover from tipping as
it is forced down.

Boil slowly till all the wax is on top. Let
it cool on a slow fire. The combs will render
better it exposed to the sun for awhile.

Jamaica, W. I. Robt. West.

Backward Season— Bees Dying

The season has been backward. Bees did
nothing on apple-bloom, and white clover had
no honey till the past few days. The bees are
booming on it now.

Some 10 days ago as I was looking over the
bees I noticed a number crawling on the
ground as though they were drunk. Later
they seemed to be all coming out of the hive,
and the next day ail were dead. It was one
of the strongest colonies. I can give no rea-
son for their death. No other colonies seem
affected any way. I imagine they found poi-
son somewhere. I don't think it could be
from spraying. S. N. BL.iCK.

Adams Co., 111., June 2.

Marketing Unripe Honey

The unripe-honey talk in the May 18 issue
is right, and if the advice were followed by
all producers the demand for honey would
surely be greater than it is now. Last year I
was particular to extract all the unsealed
honey beforehand from every comb, and this
was kept warm in a tank over an oil-stove for
several days, until it was good and thick.

Of course this did not have quite as good a
flavor as the all-sealed honey, but perhaps
was better than the whole lot would have
baen if extracted together.

Ashtabula Co., Ohio. H. E. Cbowther.

Treatment of Robber-Bees

I had a little experience with robber-bees
which might help some one some time. I had
a weak colony which I thought to strengthen
a little by giving them a frame of brood from
a strong colony. I had no sooner done so
than another colony of rather black bees com-
menced robbing this weak one. I covered
them up with a horse blanket, but they would
crawl under. Then I piled grass before the
hive, but to no purpose. I closed the en-
trance to one bee-way on the start; but they
bothered 2 or 3 days. I tried putting the weak
colony where the robber-colony was, and vice

BLACK

•• T

Cr> FtEIS CAMES-
k'ouUry. '^ Xarget

A»

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

;■ ea.se mention Bse Journal -wnen writliia

he KINU of ll .

size, good layers ot finest eggs.

Hardy and fearless, the best all

urpose fowl. Willow legs and

Say eyes. Illustrated circular.

25thyear. H. H. FLICK,

MANCHESTER. MD.

$12.25 to Buffalo, N. v.,

and return, via Nickel Plate Road, from
Chicago, July 8th, 9th, and 10th, with
extreme return limit of Aug'. 4th, by
depositing ticket. Stop-over allowed
at Chautauqua Lake points. Also low-
est rates to Ft. Wayne. Cleveland, Erie
and other eastern points. Three trains
daily, with first-class equipment. Meals
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars, on
American Club Meal Plan, ranging in
price from 35c to $1.00; also service a la
carte. No excess fare charged on any
train on the Nickel Plate Road. If con-
templating an eastern trip, write John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago, 111. Chicago
Depot, cor. Van Buren and La Salle
Sts., the only passenger station in Chi-
cago on the Elevated Railroad Loop, j

13— 25A3t

June 22, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

445

u

DADAIT'S F0U5DATI0S"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

STarvWeS

Pure. Brilliant, Fast Colors. Quickest, Safest
surest dyes made. Same packaj^e Star Dye
coiiirs cotton, wool, 8ilk or mixed gouds. All
other dyes require differentdyes for dilfcrent
(ToudH. SterDycHdo the work in nup UHIIR
No cheoiicals required. Cheap- UHt nUUn
esfit and best for successful home une — no fail-
ures if instructions are followed. Ninety shades.
Sold by mail— any color— 10 cents per package.

HIGGINS MFG. CO.. DEPT. 16. OLD TOWN, MAINE

Southwestern Bee-keepers
SAVE MONEY

See our prices on all BEE-KEePERS' SUP-
PLIES before you buy. Send for Catalog*. We
carry a full and complete line, will not be un-
dersold, and will discount prices of any com-
petitor.

HONEY-CANS AND FOUNDATION.

We represent the American Can Co. in Texas
as their sole and exclusive agents for Honey-
Cans. We also handle Dadant & Sons^ world-
famous Comb Foundation exclusively. Get our
prices before buving.

BEES AND QUEENS

In any quantity at all seasons of the year.
Let us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Bought and sold. We will buy your honey-
crop, and we especially want your beeswax at
highest market price?.

THE GRAHAM-HYDE BEE CO.,3

(H. H. HvDE, Successor)
IDtf SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.' C

DON'T BE BOTHERED

with Ileenn poultry, Ki'hll<l'. Lieht-
nliie Llei' Kllllnic Machine ii>»Ianl-
ly removes them from tliiitut rliU-k
or fatpobhier. 8 sizes. Also Poultry
Bits, j.ice Murder, Llphtnin(r Lice
Killing; Powder, et«. Ci»talo(r free.

CHARLES SOIIILD CO..
SOI Detroit St. Clevelaud, O.

versa, to see what they would do. It worked
all right as far as I can see. The robber-bees
were pretty quiet for a few days, but are now
working nicely. The weak colony, of course,
got the tield-ltees, and peace once more reigns
in our midst. 1 don't know much about bees,
but I had to do something, so tried the best
thing I could think of. I put away 5 colo-
nies last fall, and brought them through the
winter, but lost one after putting them out
this spring. H. E. Bartholomew.

Du Page Co., Ill,, June 4.

Home-Made Hives— Honey on Coast

It is hard to say what is best for others,
but as I am a carpenter and have a saw-table
and tools I can make hives cheaper than I
can buy them. Hive-bodies that cost 50 cents
at the supply dealer's in Portland cost me 30
cents or less to make them, reckoning $3 per
day for the work, and I use better lumber. In
the apiary no one could tell the difference be-
tween them 'uJ the factory-made hive. It
there is a bee-supply trust I don't know it,
but nearly all have the same prices. How
would it do for the bee-keepers to form a trust
or a union?

On page IW it says, "Oregon was repre-
sented by a small quantity of inferior honey,"
at St. Louis last year. Perhaps that is true,
but it also says, " It is said that the honey
gathered near the Coast is inferior in quality
to that obtained further inland." I am in
Wahkiakum county, on the Coast, and have

LICE SAP LIFE

■it's how they live and thrive,
u can't have healthy, profltabla
■rls or Btock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

IT >mptly kills all insect vermin and
ijiftkea dittlntf hens comfortable.
Sample lOc; 100 oz.. H.OO hy expresfl.
O. K. STOCK FOOO CO.,
D.J. Lambert, Vlce-Pre».
406 MoBOD Bide, Chlcttffo. IlL

For Queens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclalr. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year :
Tested, $1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
«6 ; 15 for S8.25 ; 25 for $12.50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
-(Frov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

Please mention Bee aonmal when writlna

Wb Sbll r.ooT's Goods in Michigan

Let ns quote you prices on Sections, Hlvea,
Fonndation, etc, as we can save jou time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Casta.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bbll Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

ITALIAN QUEENS

Tested' $1.25 each

War. Tested 1. 00 "
Untested . . . .75 •«
6 or more, 10 percent
less.

No disease. Good Qneeaa
and prompt service guaran-
teed. If you want a busi-
ness strain of bees send
your order to

CHAS. M. DARROW.
23Atf R.F. D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

hease men uon Bee Journal when writina

$21.35 to Asbury Park, N. J., $21.35

and retr \>, via Nickel Plate Road.
Tickets ^xoud via New York City. Dates
of sale, .}■ ic 29 and 30 and July 1 and 2,
with ext , III.' return limit of Aug. 31, by
depositing ticket. Chicago City Ticket
Office?, Ill Adams St. and .Vuditorium
Annex. 1 lepot, La Salle and Van Buren
Sts., on Elevated Loop. 8— 23A4t

446

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22. 1905

flDiary^For Sale

In one of the best locations in the United
States, both as to honey and market. No one
need write me about it unless they mean busi-
ness, and have at least $700 cash to put in the
business. Address, w. S. MITCHELL,

22A4t Muskogee, IND. Ter.

Queens ! ITALIAN Queens !

By Return Mall

Queens from Root's Red Clover Stock and
Golden Italian Queens, the best honey-gather-
ers in America. Untested, 50c each, or $6.00 per
dozen. I guarantee safe delivery. Send your
orders to _ _

E. A. SIMMONS,

22Atf FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.

Please xnentlon Bee Journal wueii ^VTitliuc

considered the honey the very best, if well
ripened. I think it far superior to any Cali-
fornia honey, and the public are my judges.
When I tirst sold honey here it was always
said, " Well, that is honey. It is not like the
California honey." That was years ago, and
those people are my customers still.

The bees are doing well. They were all
strong in the spring, and have 25 and 30
pounds of honey in the supers. O. K. RiCB.

Wahkiakum Co., Wash., May 22.

[It must not be inferred from the above
that California honey is inferior to any honey
in the world. Every State produces the
" best honey," we have learned. It is all ac-
cording to one's taste as to which is the "best
honey." — Editor.]

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

S Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

oi;rHI"VES and SEOTIOISrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and' Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us.a

i

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

OF

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, 111.

IF YOU WANT

LEWIS' POPULAR

BEE-SUPPLIES

BY RETURN FREIGHT
OR EXPRESS,

SEND TO

York Honey

H. M. Arnd, Manager.

AND BEE
-SUPPLY

Co.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)
Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

A FiiLL LINE OF BEE-SUPPLIES CON HAND

Consisting of Hives, 5ections, Shipping-Cases — everything used by the practi-
cal, up-to-date bee keeper.

Catalo;^ and prit'4-s on Honey on application. If you want Oood <jrOods
at I-^actory l*rK'e<4 and Prompt jl^hipment, send vour orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please fflentiou the American Bee Journal XdJSiiS^

CARNIOLAN QUEENS!

A limited number of choice imported Carnio-
lan Qaeens will be disposed of during July and
succeeding months. I shall be in Carniola dur-
ing Julj making these shipments which will
be distributed from Washington, D. C. Price:
Select Imported Queen, $4.ro. Write for rates
for 3 or more. Address, RALPH BEN rON,

92S N St., N.W., Washington, D, C.

ABOUT TBE SOITB

"About the South'' is the name of a 64-page
illustrated pamphlet issued by the Passenger
Department of the

lLLMSCEmALR.R.CO.

in which important questions are tersely an-
swered in brief articles about

Southern Farm Lands,

Mississippi Valley Cotton Lands,

Truck Farming-, Fruit Growing,

Stock Raising-, Dairying-,

Grasses and Forag-e, Soils,

Market Facilities
and Southern Immigration

along the lines of the Illinois Central and
Yazoo & Mississippi Valley railroads. In the
States of Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi
and Louisiana, including the famous

YAZOO VALLEY

OF MISSISSIPPI

Send for a free copy to J. F. Merry, A.G.P.A.,
1. C. R. R , Dubuque, Iowa.

Information concerning rates and train serv-
ice to the South via the Illinois Central can
be had of agents of connecting lines, or by
addressing

A.H. HANSON, G.P.A., CHICAGO, ILL
If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

bo SJB3.C T5 o% g mojj isi:; puy

B ?tio 00 JaAail I

a

!> .3 a> ^__ .

«Q a tn put'4 1878, '83, 'aa a luoa B

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in--
dnced me to get mine. Fred Fodnbr.

June 22. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

447

B66SUPPII6S

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest- Prices I i

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

Nbw .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Wb,eii coasig'nlnp, buying^ or selling^, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water ST. Chicago. III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOQ OF BEE-SUPPLIES

We handle the best makes of Dovetailed
Hives, one-piece Sections, Comb Foundation,
and all other articles needed in the apiary, at
lowest living prices. Bees and Queens for sale
in season. 1. W. SWA\ tc CO., Central ia. Kan.

16Atf Please mention the Bee Journal,

Second
Hand...

Honey Glassware,

Comb Foundation Mills

And s-Oallon Tin Cans

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. It interested write
for prices.

Second-hand 5-gal. cane, 2 in a box, in good
condition. Prices : 5 boxes, $2 ; 10 boxes, S3.75.
Order quick before all are gone.

J;4-lb. and 1-lb. Octagon 'l'ip-1'op Wlass
Honey-.far!i«. Prices: -'i -pounds, H. 50 a
gross; 3 gross for ?13. 1-lb., 1 gross, S5.25;
3 gross for sU.oO. Address,

YORK HONEY l~^p»L^v^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

On6-Pl6G6 Sections

"Columbia Brand"

strictly High-Grade in Timber,
Quality and Manufacture.

Prices on application.

GOLUMBlfl MFG. GO. ^^^^°'''

Headquarters for Bee-Suppiies

COMPLETE STOCK FOE 1905 lOW 01 EIND.
FBIIGET BITES FBOM CIROIHIITI IBE TEE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH CINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You ■will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS aud CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

Jl^"" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W. WEBER ='

Otfice and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, June 7.— The volume of sales is in-
finitesimal; hence prices are not considered
important at this season. Comb brings 12@l2yic
per pound for best grades, off lots 7@10c. Ex-
tracted, 5@7c, according to what it is. Beeswax
sells upon arrival at 30c per pound.

R. A. Bdrnbtt & Co.

Cincinnati, June 2. — There is only a fair de-
mand for honey at the present time. We quote
amber extracted honey in barrels at 4|4@t>c. ac-
cording to quality. White clover extracted at
6^(a:sc. The comb honey market is practically
closed for the summer. Beeswax, 29c.

Thb Frbd W.Muth Co.

Boston, May 23. — Our honey market contin-
ues very dull, With very little movement to be
noted. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1,
12>i®13c. Extracted, from 6@8c, according to
quality. Blaks, Scott & LsB.

Philadelphia, June 17. — As the season ad-
vances, there is very little call for comb honey.
In fact, no sales, and we make no quotations.
Commission men are accepting any offer they
can get for what little stock they have on hand.
Extracted honey is in some demand. Possi-
bilities of a big crop are holding prospective
buyers back. We quote: Fancy white, 7@7}^c;
amber, 6(^7c; dark, 5M@6c. Beeswa.^ in good
demand, 29@:0c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selssr.

New York, April 19. — There is no change in
the condition of the honey market. Very little
comb honey selling and prices ruling about the
same as our last quotations. Extracted in fair
demand only, lieeswax firm at 30c.

Hildrbth & Sboblkbn.

Kansas City, May 12. — The honey situation
is a little stronger, aud there is but little honey
left in the hand of the dealers. Best honey
bringing from $2.2Sto$2.£0 a case; amber at
from 2^S0c a case lower. Extracted, 4H@6c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. C. Clbmons A Co.

Cincinnati, O., Juue9. — There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is In usual demand for this
season of the vear. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, in barrels, at S}i®SHc; in cans,
5Ji®6c. Beeswa.-r, 23c. C. H. W. Wbbes.

Albany, N.T., June 10.— Our honey market
is practically o^-ir for this season and won't be-
gin again to any amount until August or Sep-
tember. We have carried over very little stock

of either comb or extracted. We quote nominal
quotations for honey in good condition. White
comb, 12(ail4c; mixed, 10@12c; dark, 10@12c.
White extracted, 5(a6c; dark, S@6c. Beeswax,
28@32c. H. R. Wrioht.

San Francisco, May 31.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, 11@12 cents; amber, 8@10c. Extracted,
white, 5}i@6 cents; light amber, 4@5c; am-
ber, 3@3Hc; dark amber, 2H@3c. Beeswax-
good to choice, light, 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.

The ship Atlas, sailing Saturday last for New
York, carried 236 cases extracted, reported to
be Hawaiian Island product. Offerings of this
year's California honey so far have not been
large, and mainly by sample. The movement
on local account is light.

The most attractive eastern ex-
cursion during the coming summer will
be to Asbury Park, N. J., on occasion
of the annual meeting of National Edu-
cational Association, .luly 3 to 7, inclu-
sive, via the Nickel Plate Road and its
connections, either the West Shore or
LackawannaRoad.with privilege of stop-
over at Chautauqua Lake points. Niag-
ara Falls aud New York City. Rate,
$21.35 for thi^ round-trip. Dates of sale,
June 29 and 30 and July 1 and 2, with
extreme return limit of Aug. 31, by de-
positing ticket. Patrons of this route
may have the choice of a ride over the
most interesting mountain scenery in
New York and Pennsylvania, and
through the celebrated Delaware Water
Gap, or through the beautiful Mohawk
Valley aud down the Hudson River,
which also includes the privilege of a
ride on day line boat on Hudson River,
between Albany and New York City, in
either direction, if desired. No excess
fare charged on any train on Nickel
Plate Koad. Meals served in Nickel
Plate dining cars, on American Club
Meal Plan, ranging in price from 35c to
$1.00 ; also a la carte. Chicago Depot,
La Salle St. Station, corner Van Buren
and La Sal'- Sts. City ticket offices. 111
Adams S). uud Auditorium Annex.

For furtl;ir particulars, address John
Y'. Calah: ... f'teneral Agent, 113 Adams
St., Roo II yi8, Chicago. 7— 23A4t

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlUK Advertisers.

448

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 22, 190S

Sections and Sections and Sections

AND LEWIS' SECTIONS AT THAT

By the Million can be shipped you the minute order is received

^^^^

^^s-tCj^'t'

The Following Agents Carry Lewis' Sections :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin. Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction-, Robert K alley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodmac, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

G. B. LEWIS CO. 0? r& Watertown,Wis.

National Bee= Keepers' Convention at San Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 30, 31 and Nov. i.

Cl\nertcan

Bee 3ournal

WEEKLY-SI, 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK & CO., 334 Deai-born Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 29, 1905

No. 26

Home Apiary of F. J. Miller, of Ontario, Canada

450

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 1905

m-

! EVERY BEE-KEEPER

Should subscribe to Gleanings in Bee Culture. No progressive bee-keeper can afford to miss a single number. You subscribe
§ to one paper already? Now, isn't it entirely logical that it you find one bee-paper profitable two papers would be doubly so?

Providing the second paper was right, and Gleanings is right. Every reader of the American Bee Journal is familiar in a way
§ with Gleanings, so it is not necessary to go into details regarding its merits. Every number is entirely original matter.

Every number contains a wealth of beautiful illustrations. In fact Gleanings is par excellence in many ways. We have
a just published a little booklet devoted to Gleanings. It is a perfect miniature of Gleanings, going into details describing every

department, and showing just how Gleanings meets the needs of eTery bee-keeper everywhere. We will gladly send this
a booklet with a sample copy of Gleanings on receipt of a postal card.

^ .«'#«. .«#«. .«#>. .«#w. .^tt. .«A#. .wi#. .>|^. .wAfa. .«|k. .liib. Mt't. .^l«. v|'. jiAi'. i#; jili; jiii^

-•♦!■ >♦.> ••»!■ -f' •«> >!»• •»." 1».- ■!♦.• If« ^»." ■!».• >♦" -rf ■ ••♦." 1»,- 1».» •!♦.•

Some Regular
Departments—

Stray Straws—

By Dr. C. C. Miller, 111.

Bee - Keeping Among
THE Rockies—

By J. A. Green, Colo.

Gleanings from the
Pacific Coast —

By Prof. A. J. Cook, Calif.

Bee-Keeping in the
Southwest —

By Louis SchoU, Tex.

Conversations —

By G. M. Doolittle, N. Y.

Editorials —

By E. R. Root

Some Recent
Contributors—

Hoffman Frames —

By Julius Hoffman

Producing Both Comb
and Extracted Hon-
ey FROM THE Same
Supers

By E. D. Townsend

The Scent Factor in
Introduction —

By Arthur C. Miller

The Folly of Sending
Unripe Honey to
Market —

By R. A. Burnett

The Hershiser Non-
swarming System —

By O. L. Hershiser

Nailed- Spaced Frames
By J. L. Hyde

"^ To Induce You to Subscribe : ^

*^ Gleanings and the American Bee Journal one year $1.75 T*

•i^^ Gleanings 6 months trial 25 ^»4-

s^ Gleanings one year and Red Clover Italian Queen (June or later) l.SO •

■♦^^ Gleanings one year and " A B C of Bee Culture," postpaid 2.00 ^^

^ Gleanings one year and "Langstroth Revised," postpaid 2.00 ^<

"*^^ Gleanings one year and "How to Keep Bees," postpaid 1.75 'sSr*

^^ Gleanings one year and Standard Cornell Smoker, postpaid 1.85 j^L.

= Regular price, $1.00 per year. Foreign postage, 48 cents per year extra. Gleanings is found in every »

^^ important club list. ^<-

I THE A. I. ROOT COflPANY |

2 HEDiNA, OHIO ^

^ BRflNGHES : Ghicaoo, 144 E.. Erie St. PtilladelDhia, 10 Vine St. New York, 44 Veseu St. X

9>&ee^'&e&€i^^€g4i^&^^i^^^'&«^i»&&&&&&*»'&&&&&&&®&&&&&&&&&&&&

Entered at the Po6t-0fflce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.
Published ^Veekly at 91*00 a Tear by tieorge W. Tork &. Co., 334 Uearbom St.

QBORae W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE 29, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 26

The American Bee Journal is absolutely an independent publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves to be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 4Sth year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during its long and honorable history.

/=

(Sbitorial Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

\,

=/

Scarcity of Section-Timber

Some alarm is expressed occasionally lest
basswood timber become so scarce that it can
no longer l)e used for sections, and the sug-
gestion has lately been made that we may as
well face the problem in advance, and turn
our attention to deciding whether bulk honey
or what else shall take the place of section
honey.

There is no cause for alarm ; there is plenty
of timber left for sections, even if every bass-
wood tree were wiped out of existence. To
be sure, the change must be made from one-
piece to the four-piece, but there are some
now who prefer the four-piece, and there is
no denying that the four-piece sections are in
some respects better than the one-piece. The
loss of basswood is not lil<ely to make much
difference to producers of section honey.

But basswood lumber is not going to run
out entirely for some years yet, though it
may, of course, continue to rise in price.
Until basswood sections get to be -S7.00 per
thousand we believe they can be profitably
used by the great majority of comb-honey
producers, and possibly a few could afford to
use them even at a higher price than that.

Is Foul-Brood Legislation Effective?

In Ontario there were visited by the foul-
brood inspector —

In 1900, 100 apiaries, among which 30 were
foul-broody.

In 1901, "7 apiaries, among which 29 were
foul-broody.

In 1902, 81 apiaries, among which 30 were
foul-broody.

In 1903, 96 apiaries, among which 28 were
foul-broody.

It will be seen that after the efforts of the
three previous years there appear to be still
left in 1903 nearly as many affected apiaries
as at the first ; and this is used by those across
the water who oppose foul-brood legislation

as proof that the efforts of Mr. McEvoy were
of no avail. But does it so prove? What
with the ignorance of bee-keepers regarding
the disease, and the insidiousness of its
approach, it might well be that in many places
it would not be discovered until the third
year of its existence. In the meantime,
through the ignorance or culpability of those
having infected colonies, it is possible that
the seed might be sown widely and in unsus-
pected riuarters.

Before pronouncing final verdict, some
questions might be asked and answered.
Were all infected apiaries discovered the first
year, or were fresh discoveries made each
year where the disease, not previously dis-
covered, had previously existed? Were all
the apiaries of Ontario, whether infected or
not, visited prior to 1903? And without
enumerating others, this final question : How
much worse would the disease have been in
1903 if there had been no inspector in the
three previous years !

A Tack-Puller as a Hive-Tool

A common tack-puller, such as is used for
pulling tacks out of carpet, and costing about
10 cents, is recommended in Gleanings in Bee
Culture as an excellent hive-tool.

Smoking Robber-Bees

Beginners need ciiutioning as to the use of
smoke when working at bees, and when rob-
ber-bees begin to be troublesome. The first
impulse seems to be to deluge the robbers
with smoke to drive them away. So a good
lot of smoke is blown all over the frames
where the robbers are trying to get in. But
that has its effect also on the bees of the col-
ony, making them I'ss fit to defend their
home. The beginner will do well to avoid,
so far as possible, having hives open when

robber -bees trouble. Sometimes the robbers
will not trouble at all if work be begun two or
three hours later. It work be done in the
evening, there is the advantage that night
will soon stop the attempts of robbers. Yet
evening is not generally the best time to work
with bees. Especially when buckwheat is
yielding, the gathering is done chiefly in the
forenoon, when the bees will be good-natured,
but cross in the afternoon.

Invention of the Honey-Extractor

Here's a bit of history that may interest
the younger readers :

Major Von Hruschka, a Hungarian, took
from a hive a piece of unsealed honey and
gave it to his boy to take to the house — some
say in a tin pail, some say in a plate in the
bottom of a basket. Boy-like, the youngster
attached a string and whirled the basket
about his head, and when the father looked at
it he found the cells on one side of the honey-
comb emptied. That set him to thinking,
the result of which thinking was the cen-
trifugal honey-extractor.

Much Chilled Brood Reported

There seem to be an unusual number of
complaints of chilled brood. It is easy to
account for it by saying that it is due to the
unusual amount of wet and cool weather, but
it may not be out of order to ask whether this
alone would have resulted in chilled brood if
there had been no meddling with the brood-
nest on the part of the bee-keeper. Indeed,
it may not be an unfair question to ask
whether chilled brood ever occurs in colonies
left entirely undisturbed. When brood is
spread, it may turn out all right if the weather
favors, and it may be all wrong if the weather

is adverse.

■•

Wintering a Queen With Few Bees

Many a bee-keeper has sighed for a plan by
which he could winter over a queen without
having her in a full colony. E. L. Pratt
thinks he has solved the problem, and says in
the American Bee-Keeper:

I have successfully wintered queens in
Swarthmore mating-boxes with less than a
pint of bees to each queen, and have, I be-
lieve, solved the problem of early queen-trafflc
for the Northern breeder.

It is surprising hnw well these little clusters
of bees withstanJ tiie cold and blow of our
severe Northern iLilitude — the rate of death
seems much less in proportion to the strong
standard colony — but being in compact clus-

452

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 1905

ter directly on full combs of select honey, I
suppose they have every chance. Where the
full colony may become separated, these little
clusters are closely confined in a given space.

I have not found it necessary even to cellar
them. I, of course, provide shelter from the
wind and the storm, either by placing the
boxes inside a standard hive-body with a tight
roof (four to a hive) and a flight-hole on each
side, or inside a shed or small house, with
flight-holes bored through the boarding.

In making up these wintering boxes I take
up two or three cupfuls of young bees, as ex-
plained in luy book, " Baby Nuclei," and just
before winter actually arrives I give each box
two fat combs of good honey ; do this on a
warm day to give the bees chance to settle as
they like upon the combs. Do not disturb
them again until spring, when they should be
examined and supplied with more honey if
needed, by changing the comb containing the
least brood for one of honey.

To prevent any possibility of the queens
wandering away from the cluster, place a
piece of queen-excluding metal over the
flight-hole on the inside. A Ji-inch flight-
hole is none too large for wintering queens in
Swarthmore mating-boxes.

Precaution In Handling Bees

Dr. J. D. Reynolds, of Cobb Co., Ga., sends
us the following clipping taken from the
Atlanta Constitution :

Charlotte, N. C, May 25.— (Special.) —
Mrs. Mattie Beard, a prominent lady of this

county, was seriously if not fatally stung by
honey-bees to-day. Mrs. Beard, while attempt-
ing to save her cow from the bees, was stung
50 times on the face and neck. Her condition
has been critical since 10 o'clock this morn-
ing, the attending physician holding out little
hope for her recovery.

Dr. Reynold says, referring to the above,
"though not very encouraging to the would-
be bee-keeper, it might lead to more precau-
tion in handling these irascible little insects."

There are some beekeepers who do not
approve publishing such items, but we fail to
see the unwisdom of it. Surely, such items
should be a warning not to go among bees
without a good face and head protection. To
do otherwise is dangerous, to say the least.
But why run any risk when a good bee-veil
can be bought for 50 cents?

Some bee-keepers seem to pride themselves
on being able to handle bees without head
protection. We think it is a false pride, and
some day they may rue their presumption. It
is better to be on the safe side always. Of
course there may be emergencies that arise
where a bee-keeper is away from home, and
no veil at hand ; in that case we would not
take the risk — would prefer to let the cow take
the stings.

/T

=\

Itltscellaneous Hetps 3tcm5

\=

=/

Mr. K. A. Holekanip, of St. Louis, Mo.,
we notice by the printed letter-heads of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, has been
selected as a director in place of Mr. W. F.
Marks, who recently resigned.

I $3 per day while in active service. This in
spector is authorized to inspect all apiaries
and take steps to eradicate diseases to which
bees are subject."

Washingtonians are to be commended for
their alertness and pushing qualities.

The State of Wastiington bee-keepers
have succeeded in having passed at the last
session of their Legislature a foul brood law.
In substance it is similar to the New York
law. " Among other things it provides that
on petition of 10 apiarists in any countythe
Board of County Commissioners shall appoint
an inspector of apiaries, whose pay shall be

The San Antonio National Conven-
tion.— Secretary Hutchinson sends us the
following notice for publication :

The International Fair holds its annual ex-
hibition in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out

for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, and continue three
ilays.

The Fair Association has designated Satur-
day, Oct. 38, as bee-keepers' day, and will so
advertise it, and especial pains will be taken
to have on exhibition hives, honey, wax, bees,
and other apiarian products. At this fair will
be on exhibition all of the agricultural and
other products of the South and Mexico, and
a visit to it will really be worth all the trip
will cost to give one an idea of the South and
her products.

Then the Texas members propose to give a
genuine Mexican supper, which will be free
to all outside members. There will be a
Mexican band and toast-making — in short, it
might be called a banquet. On Sunday the
members can attend church or go on a trolley
ride around the city. Side-trips to IJvalde
and other places are planned for all who wish
to see the country after the convention is
over, bee-keepers at the various honey centers
having promised to take bee-keepers around
free of charge. Texas is one of the greatest,
if not the greatest, of honey-producing States
in the Union, and bee-keepers will now have
an opportunity to see her wonderful resources,
enjoy the hospitalities of her people, and
proflt by meeting in convention, all a( a very
small cost.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be at the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer, long sound of a) , corner of Houston
and .Jefferson Sts., and rates are only $1,00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 135 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Everything is now all arranged except the
program, and 1 wish that every one would
write and make suggestions in regard to
topics and men to discuss them. If you have
no special topic that you wish put into the
program, you must surely have some ques-
tion that you would like brought before the
convention. Pour in the suggestions and
queries, and let me get up one of the best
programs that we have ever had.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

Mr. E. A. 3Iorgan, who conducts the
Apiary Department of The Farmer, published
in St. Paul, Minn., speaks very highly of The
Honey-Producers' League and its objects in
the issue of that paper for June 15.

-V (£ontrtbutcb -f
Special dvticks

=\

Putting Weak Colonies Over Strong Ones

BY EDWIN BEVINS

OWING to the success reported by Mr. Alexander and
some others, iti getting weak colonies in spring strength-
ened by placing them over strong ones with queen-ex-
cluders between, I tried it witli two colonies this spring. In
one instance there was no fighting; in the other there was
some. Ten days after the unions were made there were no
queens in the upper stories. 1 took away the zinc and let the
queens of the strong colonies have the range of both stories
until June 2, when I took off the upper stories and put supers
on the lower ones. The colonies were very strong at that
time, one of them much stronger than the other. This one
was the yellowest and strongest in the yard. I call them
"Yellow Devils." The bees seem to be of the strenuous,
Rooseveltian typo — always ready to work or fight.

Besides the two hives overflowing with bees at a time
when an immense number must have been in the fields, there
were five frames of brood in the upper hive. These I gave to
other colonies, put two supers full of drawn combs in sections
on the lower hive, and kind o' thought there would be no
early swarming from that hive. Supers with starters in sec-
tions would likely delay the swarming some more, but I did
not have them ready.

There was less honey in the hives of this yard than I have
ever known at the date I mention, June 2. From March 1 to
June 1 I fed all the colonies — 140, more or less — with perhaps
a dozen exceptions. I had to feed or let the yard be prac-
tically annihilated. The honey-flow did not begin till the
afternoon of June 2. There was a thunder shower the night
before, and that day was hot. In the afternoon the bees
stopped worrying me' and went for the white clover — the first
time they have seemed to be in good nature this spring.

HONEY MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Have my brother bee-keepers read carefully the honey
quotations as they have appeared in bee-papers for the last
six months or more? What cheerful reading they make!
Then glance, my dear brothers, over the quotations you have
received for some other things which 3'ou think you must
have, and ask yourselves how you are going to pay for them
out of the net returns for your honey. Perhaps some of you
have a home market for all, or most, of your product. Happy

June 29, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

453

is the man who is in such a case. Cultivate the home market,
but — and lot the cities " go to grass."

•'THINGS NOT SOLD FOR CASH!"

I must ask Mr. Davenport and others not to fire any more
old chestnuts at me. I am not keeping bees now for the
things I would not sell for cash if I could. I got enough of
those things in the early days of my bee-keeping, but I will
not deny that there is still a charm in the hum of the bees in
the apple-tree bloom. I am keeping bees now mainly for
revenue. But just as I have gotten the business up where
there ought w be considerable revenue in it, the revenue has
fallen out of the business. The bee-supply makers and deal-
ers, the commission men and the railroads, get the revenue.
I work for nothing and board myself. What am I going to
do about it? X think I'll join The Honey-Producers' League.

UNITING AND WINTERING WEAK COLONIES.

In Coleman's "Rural World" a writer on bee-keeping
says :

"Uniting two or more colonies in spring to make a good,
strong one looks very plausible, but it does not work out in
practice."

No? My way of uniting weak colonies in spring works
out very well in practice.

When the honey-flow begins, and I find I have some weak
colonies and some of moderate strength, I rob as many as
needful of their brood, and fill those of moderate strength
with combs of brood. vSometimes I take away all of the
brood of the weak colonv, and sometimes I leave the comb on
which the queen has done her latest laying. Supers are im-
mediately put on the strengthened colonies. Work goes on in
the hives of the robbed ones, and I have some colonies for the
fall harvest.

To winter weak colonies in the way and at the time which
the writer above-mentioned probably had in mind is worse
than useless. One must necessarily deprive himself of the
work of one queen if 2 colonies are united, and of more than
one queen if more than 2 colonies are merged into one. Then
the bees thus added are so old they will not be likely to live
long enougfh to be of much use as honey-gatherers. By the
method I use we have the work of all the queens all the time.
. The frames of brood can be put in other hives at the beginning
of the honey-flow, and utilized for a time as dummies, and
then the bees from them will add to the working force of the
colony right in the midst of the honey-flow.

Decatur Co., Iowa.

Distinctive or Individual Odors of Bees

BY AKTHUR C. MILLER

DOES or does not a colony of bees possess a distinctive,
individual odor, one differing from that of another col-
ony ? So many happenings in the regular course of the
daily work with bees can be explained by an affirmative an-
swer that it is currently given, but is it correct ?

When honey is being stored freely it is an easy matter to
unite bees of different colonies or introduce alien queens, but
the instant the flow stops difficulties are experienced. Under
such circumstances, when all bees and combs are in a sense
saturated with the odor of flowers of some sort, we should not
meet with any hindrances, if the theory is correct. It will
not do to affirm that the individual odor — or body odor, if you
prefer — is more potent than the honey odor, because we know
that when the flow was on, we met with no trouble, and if
such odor existed at all, it must be as potent during the flow
as the day after.

If the odor of a bee announces to the guards of a colony
that she is an alien, why do they pounce upon her in one case
and not in another? If the alien odor is an excitant to the
guards, why do they permit a laden alien to enter? If the
odor of bees from an alien colony stirs the guards to attack,
why do they permit alien drones to enter freely, for surely
drones must possess the home odor (if it exists) as much as do
their sisters ? And it should be noted that the presence of an
abundance of alien drones does not help their sisters to a
friendly reception. Why are very young aliens accepted
anywhere at any time ? Has their youth prevented their
acquiring any home odor?

If home odor guarantees a bee full freedom of her own
hive, why do the bees ball their own queen when they chance
to be overhauled at some inopportune time? In the excite-
ment does she drop that gauzy-tissued garment, odor ? If
odor is a vital, or even an important, factor in the introduc-
tion of alien queens, why is a queen introduced by caging

sometimes killed despite the supijosodly acquired odor? Or
why is a queen run in free, under one of several conditions,
not killed? The first is supposed to have acquired the odor
of the receiving colony and the sciond has not. If the bees
recognize an alien queen by her 'idor why will they, with
their own queen free in their midsi, accept any number of
queens we choose to give ? Or why will they sometimes ball
their own queen when she returns "to them after a few min-
utes chance separation ?

It may be asked why the bees of different colonies do not
intermingle more frequently if odor is a slight factor.
Chiefly, I believe, on account of their wonderful sense of loca-
tion. They will "home" if it is possible to do so. When
conditions interfere with this, they readily gain access to some
other colony. I recently saw an excellent illustration of this.
A colony of " golden " bees stood near the windward end of a
row of colonies of dark bees, and the bees of the former had
distributed themselves all through the leeward colonies, the
colony next to the goldens containing a lot of them, the next
not quite so many, and so on down the row. The prevailing
southwest winds did the distributing, and the other colonies
freely received the aliens. Perhaps golden bees have no odor,
or mayhap the dark bees had colds.

Many of these things occur too frequently to be logically
called exceptions, and others can be so regularly and uni-
formly produced by the apiarist as to make the odor theory
uDtenable. It is one of those beliefs accepted almost without
question because our grand-daddies said so. It may be right,
but, if so, how will we explain the multitude of exceptions ? I
believe the explanation is to be found in the attitude of the
individual bee, the so-called " alien." I have satisfied myself
that the queen's attitude governs her reception, and it is
logical to assume that the same law applies to the workers.
If a worker possesses senses so keen as to guide her from the
fields to her home and direct her in so many, to us, intricate
and obscure labors, it is quite reasonable to assume that these
same acute senses quickly acquaint her with the presence of
strange or unfamiliar surroundings, whereupon she is in-
stantly on her guard. Her actions then govern her reception.

Providence Co., R. I.

#

Seasonable Manipulation of Colonies

BY G. .M. DOOLITTLK

IT was with great interest that I read the questions by
"Pennsylvania," and Dr. Miller's answers thereto, found
on piges 210 and 211, for they couched on something that
has very much to do with the successful ending of the honey
season for the apiarist.

In Dr. Miller's answer to question S, he tells us regarding
the number of times the hive containing the colony which
gave him 300 sections of honey— the largest yield he has ever
obtained from one colony — was opened, and what he did at
each time he opened said hive. My method of working for
comb honey has been condemned very many times, as being
one requiring much " fussing " and manipulation, but if I
ever opened any hive having a colony in it which was worked
for section honey as many times during one season as the good
Doctor says be did that hive, I do not recollect the same.
Certainly, Dr. Miller does not train with the Hutchinson,
Townsend, Alexander, etc., class, who believe in working
bees with only two or three visits to an apiary each year,
claiming that an extra number of colonies with little atten-
tion is better than a less number with manipulation. And, of
course, I am on the Doctor's side. And why should I not be ?
None of these "many colonies with little manipulation"
recommenders ever reported a yield of 300 sections of honey
from a colony in a single season, nor anything like it, as far
as I can remember ; nor is their average yield of section
honey aLywhere near up to those who " look after the best
interests of the bees and themselves."

But I note in Dr. Miller's answer to question 3, that he
thinks I may enlighten the readers of the American Bee .Jour-
nal regarding how I manipulated the colony which gave me
309 pounds of section honey in one season, the same being 30
pounds greater (in pounds) than that secured by the Doctor.

Like him, I opened the hive in April to see if the queen
was clipped, and to know that there was honey enough to last
them till the flowers bloomed. Then, about May 10, the hive
was opened and the brood reversed. That was done by put-
ting the frames at the outside of the brood-nest in the center,
and those in the center on the outside, so that in a few days
all frames having brood in them would be very nearly liter-
ally full of brood. As I used 9 frames to the hive, this caused
6 of them to become full of brood bv May 17, when a frame of

454

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 1905

honey was taken from the outside, next the side of the hive,
and the cappings of the honey broken by passing a knife over
them flatwise, and bearing down on it quite strongly while
doing so. This prepared frame was set in the center of the
brood-nest, giving the bees great stimulus in removing the
honey and storing it around about the brood.

On May 24 there was brood in the whole 9 frames, 7 of
them being full all except the upper corners, the brood com-
ing clear out to the wood of the frames on all four sides. At
that time the brood-nest was reversed again, which practically
filled the 9 frames with brood S days later. Also at this time
of reversing the brood-nest, 2 frames having some honey in
them were set in the space for the side sections, as this hive
was calculated for sections at the side as well as on top.
These frames of honey insured the colony against running
short of stores to feed the brood, as well as to give room for
bees, so that the hive should not become overcrowded so as to
bring on the swarming fever. A week later 2 frames of the
oldest brood were taken from the brood-nest and 2 frames with
some honey in them, with the cappings broken, were set in
their places, while the place for side sections, opposite from
that having the 2 combs of honey put in the week before,
was opened so it could be used. One of the frames of brood
was placed in one side next the brood-chamber, and the other
on the other side, while the 2 frames of honey were used by
placing one on each side of these, so that I now had 13 frames
in that hive, 11 of which would soon be solid with brood, or
very nearly so.

At this time the sections were put over the brood-cham-
ber, so that the bees had all the room tliat was necessary to
spread out in to ward off the swarming fever.

When the colony was well at work in the sections the 4
frames in the side-section apartments were taken out and
their places filled with sections. And this was all the manipu-
lation used for the brood-chamber, or for the brood-frames in
the hive. The rest of the work consisted in taking off the
filled sections and putting empty sections in as needed.

From the above it will be seen that this colony giving the
309 pounds of section honey had its frames of brood-comb
manipulated only 6 times, as against Dr. Miller's 9 times with
his colony. This colony did not swarm, no increase was made
from it, nor was it helped in any way, except as given above.
That same year, two other colonies worked in the same
way, gave each 306 and 295 pounds of section honey, while
very many gave from 200 pounds up to the three above given.
That same year a colony worked for extracted honey gave 566
pounds. This colony was worked very similar to the above,
till it got its brood-chamber full of bees and brood, when it
was set over into a hive 4 feet long, and holding 32 frames.
This colony gave the remarkable yield of 22 pounds of honey
a day. Or, to tell it just as it was, the yield was 66 pounds in
3 days, or an average of 22 pounds a day. This colony was
not manipulated at all after it was in the long hive, only to
extract the honey. In fact, after any colony has gone into
the active storing of honey, I have never been able to see
where any manipulation can help any.

As I look at it, only that manipulation which has an
'" eye " toward the securing of the maximum number of bees
on hand just in time for the main honey harvest, counts any^
thing toward the successful production of honey. And, as Dr.
Miller says, " There's a big lot in that." Let me repeat it
again like this, "THERE'S A BIG LOT IN THAT." And
this I would say right face to face with Mr. Hutchinson,
Townsend, and others, were I where I had the opportunity to
talk to them thus. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

PS. — Lest I be misunderstood, allow me to say that I
consider the " shook " method of preventing swarming far
ahead of the cutting olT of queen-cells. And as the larger
part of Dr. Miller's manipulation was used to prevent swarm-
ing. I own that, outside of this, he used less manipulation
than I did. G. M. I).

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a two-cent stamp; SO
copies for 70 cts.; KiO for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed /r^e at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the oflSce of the American Bee Journal.

(£onr>entton
Proccebtngs

=\

=/

Papers Read at the Minnesota Convention

Held at Minneapolis Dec. 7 and 8, 1904

LATE FEEDING OF BEES

At our annual meetings there is some person who wants
some light on the subject of feeding. It is to be inferred here
when such person comes to put his bees into winter quarters,
or brings them in from the out-yards, that, to his astonish-
ment, some colonies are light in winter stores. How to sup-
ply them is what he wants to know.

The year that W. Z. Hutchinson was with us feeding was
discussed. Mr. Hutchinson told how he did late feeding.

Th,e fall of 1902 f made my first attempt at late feeding,
using the Miller feeder. I had 4 "nukes" that contained
late-reared queens, and were light in feed. Being desirous of
saving the queens, I iried Mr. Hutchinson's plan. I prepared
the feeders as follows :

Place the feeder upon a separate bottom-board, with a
comb-honey super rim for the hive to rest on. If you haven't
the rims you can make them ; have them 5 inches deep. Heat
the honey hot, 140 or 150 degrees ; pour into the feeder what
you need, and place a float in each compartment of the
feeder ; take the hive off the bottom-board it stands on and
place it on the prepared board. Be careful not to disturb the
bees before transferring, so that they will remain clustered
and not be on the bottom-board. After placing them on the
feeder, I usually raise one end of the hive a little and let it
drop, so as to rouse them up and get them to work at once.

These " nukes " came through the winter in good shape,
and 2 of them were in an out-yard of 50 colonies that gave me
a crop of 8000 pounds of extracted honey last season.

The fall of 1903 I fed some 25 colonies the last of Novem-
ber and the forepart of December. They did well, with two
or three exceptions. The past fall I have fed quite a number.
This point I noticed, that unless the honey was hot— 140 or
150 degrees — the bees did not take up the feed readily.

I usually wait about a day and a half, then I raise the
hive up from the feeder by placing under each end strips
about 2 inches square, and leave them for another day.
Usually by that time the bees will he clustered on the frames,
leaving the feeder clear of bees. Then transfer them to the
bottom-boards.

I do the feeding in the cellar, as the weather is too cold
to do feeding outside. A. D. Shepard.

Pierce Co., Wis.

SIZE OF HIVE RELATIVE TO THE HONEY-FLOW

During the time in which I have kept bees (about 10
years) I have been trying to figure out the size of hive best
adapted to my locality. In doing this I have naturally come
to some conclusions which might hold good in localities where
the honey-llow is entirely different from that in my locality.

In the first place, this is the flow as I get it year after
year: Dandelion and fruit-bloom just enough to keep up a
fair amount of brood-rearing, but not enough to boom the col-
onies. White clover enough to boom the whole apiary, but
not enough for surplus. Basswood in unlimited rjuantities ;
nothing afterward, not even enough to lay up stores to win-
ter on.

Now, what kind of a hive would a bee-keeper of experi-
ence choose to lit into these conditions if he knew of them to
begin with (which I did not) ? Would he use the same appli-
ances as he did in a clover country, or buckwheat country, or
an alfalfa country ? If he did, he would not be conducting
his business intelligently. Good business men do not go into
new ventures or new localities to start industries of any kind
without figuring out the last detail. No more should the bee-
keeper !

Now I think there are a few general principles which
should govern a man choosing a size of hive, two of which I
shall now mention.

First, you can not produce comb honey with a short but
profuse flow, as in my locality.

Second, the shorter and more profuse the flow of honey

June 29. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

455

the larger the hive-body, and, vice versa^ the longer and
steadier the flow of honey the smaller the hive-body.

Now try a small hive with a short, profuse flow for comb
honey, as I did at Brst, not knowing any better, and the re-
sult will br that without a profuse flow from clover the bees
will not work in the sections until the basswood begins to pro-
duce, then immediately they will swarm, and before they set-
tle down to work the season is over, with sections about half
filled. Such a result is a waste of time ; even with large
hives the result for comb honey with such a How is no bettor,
for the reason that while the swarming can be kept down to
some extent, the bees will not work in the sections as long as
there is room in the large hive, and the result will be half-
filled sections in the end. Thus such a flow is impossible for
comb hon(>y under any circumstances.

Xow having settled on extracted honey as the only suc-
cessful form of production for our locality, which shall we
use, large or small hives? I say large hives, by all means.
With small hives the swarming will begin at the beginning of
the main flow, and the settling process, if you try to keep
them together, will consume half the period of flow. I say,
keep them together, for what could you do with them divided
at such a time ? You have two almost worthless colonies for
the work in hand.

Another thing, with this combination, should you be able
to keep the swarm together, the hive-body will be so packed
with brood that there will be little or no honey, which will
make extensive feeding necessary "every fall, which adds
greatly to the cost of keeping the bees ; besides, if sugar syrup
is fed, the bees will not winter as well as upon good white
honey that they have put in and themselves arranged.

Xow ttese reasons I think sullicient to militate against
the small hive for a short flow of honey. For the large hive,

under the same conditions, there is to be said, first, there is
plenty of room for brood and stores for winter, and no over-
crowding just before or just at the beginning of themain flow.
If up to this time they have not acquired the swarming fever,
it is easy to keep them together until the end. Such a condi-
tion is ideal ; they are ready to put into the field every avail-
able bee to gather honey during the short period of flow.
After such a flow, when the honey is sufficiently ripened, the
supers can be removed and the bees will still have room
enough in a large hive if you do not wish to increase ; should
you wish to increase you can remove two frames of brood and
stores from each hive and make one booming colony with
stores enough for winter, from every four hives, and still
leave a plenty in each of the hives so depleted.

I will say at this point that I consider a large hive one
that has a capacity of 12 frames of the common dovetailed
hive; anything less is a small hive;.

Now, for a long, steady flow of honey, I can see why the
whole system must be changed, and that small hives would
be altogether the best to use. First, because you want the
bees to swarm as early as possible, thereby getting two work-
ing colonies with two laying queens, and double the working
force. The smaller the hive the quicker each (the parent
colony and the swarm) will recover from the division of
forces, and reach the surplus-storage period. With such a
flow comb honey can be produced, because the crowding pro-
cess, which is necessary for its production, will not cause a
second period of swarming.

With a fall flow of honey, even with small hives, the bees
are likely to have stores for winter, because the surplus ar-
rangements for light honey having been removed, and brood-
rearing falling ofl', plenty of storage-room is obtained.

Hennepin Co., Minn. D. D. Leonard.

r

\=

(Dur Scc=l{cepin(3 Sisters

"^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

J'

A Diseoupaged Sister

I went into last winter with 7 colonies and
came through with 6, losing my observatory
colony. For the past 4 years our bees have
profited us nothing (but experience). Last
year I fed all fall and got them into winter
and through in nice shape, but just when the
fruit-bloom was opening we had a hard
freeze, and since the clover came out, and
there are acres almost white, we have had
such cold, drenching rains that the bees have
done nothing, so I have had to feed 2 colonies
right when there was plenty of clover and
poplar bloom. Do you wonder at me feeling
discouraged^ But I do not mean to give up.
We will sit about the tires in .luneandbuy
sugar to feed the bees, and hope to catch
buckwheat and fall bloom.

Mrs. J. C. Parker.

Monroe Co., W. Va., .June .3.

Don't feel too discouraged; the season is
not over yet. I distinctly remember just such
a season a number of years ago. Plenty of
white clover, weather cold and wet, bees
starving in .June, dragging out their brood
ere we discovered their condition. Had to
hustle with the feeding in order to save them.
Things looked blue, and yet in spite of all we
had a very good crop at the end of the season.
So you see you may have a good crop after
all. Let's hooe.

Only Pollen— Finding Queens-
StapteFS for Sections

I do not know as a subscriber is allowed to
ask questions twice in one season, but as I am
much puzzled and not a little woriied, I am
taking the liberty to impose on your kindness
once more.

On May s I transferred a swarm of bees to
a new hive to get the frames in such shape
that they could be removed. In the new hive

I put full sheets of comb foundation. Every-
thing, apparently, was all right and in good
shape when the transfer was made.

Last week one day I was examining the
frames and looking for the queen-cells in the
above-mentioned hive, when I noticed perhaps
12 or 15 cells among the brood that looked a
blackish gray. It looked like a mixture of
honey and pollen that had grown— well, not
like milkdewed, but yet like iiiilkdewed.
Some were hard when I ran a toothpick down,
and others were about the consistency of
muck or dirt.

I was at once alarmed, and thought of foul
brood, but upon consulting my " A B C of
Bee Culture," I found foul brood was entirely
different, and could not find anything like it
described. Then I came to the conclusion
that it was honey and pollen mixed and stored
for future use. But the color was so dark,
and they all appeared the same but one, which
was red. This fact bothered me. I thought
of inquiring about it, but thought I would
wait a little and see if I could discover for
myself what it was.

Yesterday, upon opening this same hive, I
discovered about three times as much as there
was the other day, and I am very much wor-
ried as one other hive contains a ley/ of these
cells.

Was the lirood or eggs chilled in tiking out
the frames, or could the comb foundation
have been manufactured from wax from a dis-
eased colony? I must mention that some of
the cells were about half full of the substance,
and others would only have a little, but they
all seemed a little sticky when a toothpick
was run down. All cells were uncapped con-
taining this substance. Have I any cause to
be alarmed for fear of spreading among the
other colonies?

I read a short time ago in the American Bee
Journal how to divide the colonies so I would
not have to bother cfttching swarms if busy.
This struck me as au excellent idea, as I work
during the day. Bui the thing that bothers
me is how to find the queen moderately quick.

All but one of my colonies are very large and
strong, and yesterday — and only then by mere
chance — was the first and only time I have
succeeded in finding one of my queens. They
are not clipped. I don't like to do it. Is
there a way to find her quickly other than
taking out each frame — center frames first —
and hunting for her among the other beesi I
have looked repeatedly in each hive I open to
see her, and I do not seem to be able to find
her. I know she is there as there are brood
and eggs.

In my sections last year I put a square
piece of starter. This year I put in a three-
cornered piece, letting the point hang down.
The bees seem to take to it much better. I
make the piece about IJa inches, or 1'^ inches
on each edge. Is that a large enough piece
of starter? I had only one comb crooked last
year, and the starters were about 1 inch by IJ-^
inches last year, with the long end hanging.
This may soem a simple question to " one
who knows," but a beginner has to learn all
these simple things.

I would like an answer as soon as conven-
ient in my turn, as I am desirous of checking
the mischief if it is one to be checked, and I
should also like to know how to stop it.

.June 13. Miss Michigan.

Don't be worried about asking questions.
You are at liberty to ask as many as you wish.
We are always glad if we can be of service in
helping to overcome your difficulties.

Now as to the cells you speak of. I think
there is no reason for you to be alarmed, for,
judging from your description, I should say
it was pollen, and a very good thing it is for
the bees, too, large quantities being used in
brood-rearing. Y'ou will find that the quan-
tity will steadily increase, and instead of be-
ing two colors there may be as many as half a
dozen ditlorent colors. If you will notice
closely I think you will find that there is
much more of this substance iu the outside
frame, on one ur l)0th sides of the brood-nest:
as the season is well advanced you will find
these frames almost solid pollen.

With regard lo finding queens, I can speak
from much experience, that particular part of
the work generally falling to my lot, and
sometimes I find from 3.5 to lOU queens in a
day, doing nwve or less of it through the en-
tire season. Practice is what you need;
however, I mi^ht mention a few things that
will help you.

First, give your bees just as little smoke as
possible to keep them quiet. In opening

456

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 190S

your hive do it as quietly as you can, avoid-
ing any sudden 1ar — anything that will alarm
the bees and set them to running. This cau-
tion is more applicable to black bees than to
Italians.

Remove the first frame, the one nearest you,
and glance at each side of the frame for the
queen. She is not very likely to be on the
first frame, although you will sometimes find

wait an hour or so or till another day. Even
if the bees remain quiet, if you do not find
her upon the first or second time going over,
it may be economy to wait till another time,
when she may be found very promptly. There
are special ways of proceeding when a queen
must be found at once, as by sifting the bees
through an excluder, putting the combs in
pairs, etc., but I have given you just the

TOP AND BOTTOM STARTERS IN A SECTION

her there. Set this frame down outside the I
hive; this will give you room to handle the
rest of the frames easily. Lift out the next
frame and examine it, first looking over the
farther side of the frame, as the queen nat-
urally inclines to get away from the light.
Continue thus with all the frames, moving
them towards you as you return them. You
will most likely find her the first time going
over the frames, but if you miss her repeat
the process, unless you have been so unfortu-
nate as to start the bees running, in which
case you will do best to close the hive and

every-day plan by which I find queens by the
hundreds.

The bees will fill a section with almost any
kind of a starter, but after more experience
you will probably prefer to have the section
as full as possible of foundation.

If comb honey is to be shipped to market it
is very desirable to have the comb well fast-
ened at the bottom of the section. In order
to secure this we use a bottom starter j'^-inch
deep and 3', wide. The top starter is SJi,'
inches deep and 3,'„ wide. The picture of a
section thus filled is shown herewith.

tr

K-.

4- Some (Expert ©pinion ^-

^'^

J

What Proportion of Comb Sealed
Before Extracting?

Ques. 27— What proportiuii of an extract-
ing comb is it advisable to Tiiive sealed before ex-
tracting f

Mrs. J. M.NuLL (Mo.)— Fully three-fourths.

S. T. Pettit (Ont.)— All, or very nearly so.

Eugene Secor (Iowa) -Practically all of it.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)— Three-fourths to all.

Morgan Bros. (8. Dak.)— At least three-
fourths.

L. Stachelhadsen (Tex.)— At least three-
fourths.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— I prefer to have
the combs sealed fully one-half.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.)— It probably pays
to have 95 percent of the surface sealed.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— I prefer to have it
all sealed, or nearly all. The more the better.

Wm. McEvoy (Ont.)— Three-fourths to all
from clover. All if from basswood or buck-
wheat.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.)— If you desire good,
well-ripened honey at least two-thirds of the
comb should be sealed.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— Sealing has but little
to do with ripening. See whether the honey
is thick or thin, and act accordingly.

N. E. France (Wis.)— That depends upon
the weather. As a rule, the more sealed the I

better is the honey. Unripe honey is one of
the causes of low prices.

Arthur C. Miller (R. I.)— Seven-eighths,
at least. But honeys and climates make a
great difference.

Jas. a. Stone (111.)— About all, or the
honey will be thin and not keep well unless
ripened by ventilation in a warm, dry place.

G. M. Doolittle (N. Y.)— The whole un-
less artificial evaporation is practiced. If left
on the hive 3 weeks after sealing the honey is
all the better.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.)— It is better that
it be pretty well capped over. That is always
safe. To market any but fully ripe honey is
always a mistake.

C. Davenport (Minn.) —Two-thirds or
more, as a rule. But I have known combs to
be nearly all sealed when the honey was thin
and unfit to extract.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.)— Enough to make
sure that the whole is sufiicienily ripe. I
should guess not lest, than one-third under
ordinary circumstances.

C. H. Dibbebn (11! )— In a warm, dry
time, when the honey is quite thick, I should
not care much if it was capped or not; while
in a wet time I should want it all capped.

J. A. Green (Colo.)— I prefer to have it all
sealed. In a dry climate like that of Colo-
rado, good honey mav be secured without
waiting for it to be sealed, but I doubt if
much is gained by extracting sooner.

R. L. Taylor (Mich.)— That depends. If
nectar is coming in rapidly it ought to bg

mostly capped; if slowly, it may be good
honey before much capping is done. Some-
thing depends, too, upon the condition of the
nectar, owing to the degree of moisture in the
atmosphere.

O. O. Poppleton (Fla.) — This depends.
Some honeys never get properly ripened even
if all sealed and left in the hive for months.
Other kinds are well ripened as soon as any is
sealed. As a usual thing, however, except in
extreme cases, at least ^l of the comb should
be sealed. More is better.

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)— The more the bet-
ter. You get the best quality for table use by
leaving it on until the end of the flow. When
it is not possible to do this extract when
fairly well ripened— it may be when bees have
just nicely commenced to seal, depending
largely upon the weather.

E. D. Townsend (Mich.) — Our practice is
to keep adding upper stories as they are
needed clear through the season, then extract
10 days or 3 weeks after the season closes. In
this way we get say SO percent sealed before
extracting. Even with this late extracting
the sealed honey is very much superior to the
unsealed.

J. M. Hambaugh (Calif.)— This depends
upon the kind of honey. Linden or basswood
honey should be sealed almost entire, while
clover, Spanish-needle and many other kinds
will not require so thorough sealing. The
sages herein California, and alfalfa in Nevada,
require but little sealing, at least that is my
experience. The condition of the atmosphere
plays an important part.

E. S. LovESY (Utah) — If it is very thin it
is best to leave it on till it is capped and
ripened, but there are times when it is thick
and ripe when the bee-keeper doesn't need to
wait for it to be capped ; while it will improve
any and all honey to settle it in an open tank
before canning. Thin honey, which may
otherwise turn sour, will, as a rule, ripen all
right if left in an open tank for a month, then
the scum and all foreign matter should be
skimmed off before canning.

G W. Demaree (Ky.) — It depends upon the
condition of the nectar when gathered by the
bees. If the weather conditions are such as
to favor the bees with good, " thick " nectar,
a strip unsealed at the bottom of a part of
the combs does not injure the quality of the
honey. A good judge of the quality of honey
need not make any mistake along this line.
In the past few days I opened a jar of honey
that was produced in the famous honey year,
1883— over 31 years ago — and it is as fine
honey as was ever spread on bread.

E. E. Hasty (Ohio) — As a matter of choice
it would be advisable to have it all sealed. If
we extract mainly at the close of the season —
and also in mid-season if we use combs
enough, properly arranged — it is often pos-
sible to make a cheerful approximation to this
ideal. Under some circumstances honey
much less than half sealed may be nearly or
quite as good as any. Something must be
conceded to the impossibility of doing just
what we desire; but a proper system and
proper forethought would for the most part
keep us out of such impossibilities. One of
the worst things in connection with our craft
is the wide-spread disposition to stretch terms
and provisos and extract honey in a dread-
fully unfit condition.

An Impromptu Sermon on Bees

The Rev. Dr. Linklater, of Stroud Green,
who was the special preacher at Chaldron
Church on Sunday, was driven from the pul-
pit by a swarm of bees which had taken
possession of the nearest window.

From the lectern Dr. Linklater addressed
the congregation on the subject of the in-
trusion of the bees, instead of preaching from
the te.xt he had selected.

Let them preach the sermon, he said,
pointing to the bees. Watch them. They
want to escape to the fields and flowers, to
their home and honey, and the way is open,
and manifest to all who look on. There 15
the aperture — the window wide and open,
and nothing to prevent them escaping to the

June 29, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

457

free breath of heaven. But, no. They will go
their own way! They mean to escape through
the glass. For any length of time they have
been attacking the window, and defeat only
lends energy to the renewed attack. They
will not learn from experience. Within easy
reach, a few inches above, there is the open
window, and the free breath of heaven. But
they have set their obstinate minds to go their
way, and they will go no other. They will
perish in the attempt. Already there are
multitudes of their companions on the win-
dow-sill, who struggled and were defeated.
These living ones will not learn from the dead.

Poor buzzing bees, beating out your beautiful
lives to no advantage, when the way to free-
dom is open, when you could be enjoying the
life that God has given you! Is not this a
pathetic picture of poor human bees who are
thirsting for religious light, seeking that which
is impossible in the way they seek it? The
picture of the world of today, of so many
splendid lives, is the picture of those im-
prisoned bees, seeking the right thing, bttt
seeking it in tlie wrong way, and in their
obstinacy preferring death rather than the
life which is theirs through the open win-
dow— Jesus Christ. — British Bee-Journal.

Doctor ITtiUcr 5 Qucstion^^ox

=\

'^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does twt answer Questions by mail.

J^

Selllne Section Honey by Weight

In advertising honey would it not be wis-
dom as well as strict justice to both the
honey-producer and the purchaser of honey,
to require the members of the League to sell
section honey by actual weight, instead of
selling less than Itj ounces, and e.^cacting full-
pound price tor the same? As tar as I know
the custom now is to sell section honey by the
section at full-pound prices, when both the
purchaser and salesman know that very many
sections tall short of a pound. This is driving
many people to the extremity of letting the
purchaser of honey severely alone. A num-
ber of people buy both chunk and extracted
honey from me because they say they get the
amount they pay for. Kansas.

Answer. — It is far from the universal cus-
tom to sell sections by the piece. Much sec-
tion honey is sold at its exact weight. To
sell section honey by the piece, with a full
understanding on the part of the purchaser
that he is buying it by the piece with no ref-
erence to its weight, is all right. To sell a
section of honey with the understanding on
the part of the purchaser that he is getting a
pound when he is really getting less, Is all
wrong, even if the seller does not say in so
many words that the section does weigh
a pound. An honest seller would not allow
any such misunderstanding. It may be more
convenient to sell by the piece, but there is
more exact justice in selling by the pound.

Putting on Supers— Bees Deserting
the Hive

1. Several times in this Department you
have said that you have several supers on at
a time, and you thought that you would lose
by not using 2 or more. When do you put
the last ones on * I have tried using one at a
time, and also several at a time, and I can see
little difference.

2. In the spring I had a colony leave the
hive when they had some honey and brood.
The next day they came back and I clipped
the queen's wing, but they left the following
day regardless of this. I don't think the
queen went with them, though I could not
find her. Do you think they were "crazy,"
or what? There were no mice, moth, etc., to
bother them.

3. I have been thinking of dividing some of
my colonies equally, putting 4 frames of
brood and bees with the queen 6n a new
stand, and letting those on the old stand rear
a new queen. Would the bees on the new
stand be likely to return to the old one?

Missouri.

Answers. — 1. When the first super is about
half filled, and the harvestcontinues, a second
is placed imder the first. Then I continue
giving fresh supers throughout the season
just as often as the one last given becomes
half filled. The empty super is put at the
bottom until toward the close of the season,
when it is not certain whether an additional
super is needed or not, and then the empty

super is put on top, where the bees can use it
or not, as they like. The oldest super on the
hive is always kept next over the one last
given. Answering your question direct, you
will see that the last super will be given
toward the close of the harvest, which time
varies in different years.

2. Bees sometimes have a craze for desert-
ing their hives in spring, leaving plenty of
brood and honey. I don't know why. Some-
times it looks as it the old bees had all died
off rapidly, leaving so much brood on hand
that the young bees remaining deserted on
account of discouragement. Clipping the
the queen has no effect in keeping bees in the
hive; it only prevents her from going with
them.

3. Yes, you may count on all the fleld-bees
returning to the old location.

Uniting Colonies

I have tried, in a limited way, the plan of
temporarily uniting colonies with an excluder
between, and it does not work satisfactorily
for me. Inside of two weeks one or the other
of the queens will disappear. In one case the
lower colony was very strong, and the one
put on top was weak, with brood in only 2
frames, and the iiueen in the lower strong
colony was gone at the next examination.
There was no fighting among the bees, but
one queen seemed to be enough.

In uniting no smoke was used. They were
simply set together and left to themselves.
Have I omitted anything that should have
been done to make the plan a success?

It it would work, colonies could be equal-
ized very quickly by putting the lower one on
a new stand when separating. Ohio.

Answer. — There does not appear to be
anything lacking in your practice. Accord-
ing to the descriptions given by those who
have been successful, all that is to be done is
to set one colony over the other, an excluder
between. Have others made a trial of the
plan? and, if so, will they please report?

Putting on Supers— Swarming

When is the best time to put supers on
hives? Do bees necessarily accumulate on
the outside of the hive before swarming?

I have asked these questions before but re-
ceived no answer. Michigan.

Answer. — The best time to put on supers
depends a little upon what you may desire.
If you are anxious tor increase through nat-
ural swarming, it may be best to delay put-
ting on supers till after the harvest is under
way, for crowding the brood-chamber with
honey will have its effect in starting the bees
into tlie notion of swarming. Indeed, it
would make a more sure thing of swarming it
no super should be given until after the bees
have actually swarmed.

Generally, however, the desire is for honey
rather than swarms. In that case a super
should be given before there is any danger of

crowding the brood-chamber with honey. A
little too soon is better than a little too late.
One way is to watch the flowers from which
the harvest is expected, and put on supers as
soon as they appear in quantity. In your
region white clover is probably the thing tor
you to watch Another way is to watch the
condition of tuo brood-chamber, and put on
supers when the brood-combs begin to be
crowded with honey. The old rule was to
give supers when white wax begins to be plas-
tered on the upper parts of the comb; a good
rule in most cases, but for those who prefer
not to have any swarming (even though it
may be a rare thing for the bees to respect
their wishes) it is better to have supers on
before the bees get so far as to secrete this
extra wax.

I do not understand how it should be that
your questions have not been answered, un-
less there has been some failure on Uncle
Sam's part, and he is a very reliable old gen-
tleman. All questions received are answered
just as soon as possible. See " Send Ques-
tions on Time," page 404. See also " Putting
on Supers," pages 297 and 393.

Jlcports anb
(fxpertenccs

Bees Doing Little Work

Bees are not doing much here just now.
The first crop of alfalfa is cut and the weather
is dry. They are killing drones, but I keep
mine stimulated to breed, so when alfalfa
comes again I hope they will begin work in
earnest. G. Bohrbe.

Rice Co., Kans., June 14.

Bees Wintered Poorly— Prospects
Good

Bees did not winter well in this locality,
mostly because of lack of teed. We had very
little surplus honey last year, but there is a
fine prospect for this season. The pastures
are fairly white with clover now, and things
never looked more promising for a large
honey yield. I had 2 very large swarms on
June 6 and 14. John Stotts.

Marion Co., Iowa, June 15.

Progressive and Up-to-Date

" Progress " and " Up-to-Date " seem to be
the watchwords of the " Old Reliable," ever
looking after the best interests of all con-
cerned. It must require considerable hus-
tling to get so much bee-information together
for each weekly edition, and as you have sub-
scribers in all stages of development, from
the beginner to the expert, so the information
necessarily must be varied. Extended articles
on one subject by the experts no doubt suit
the older heads, while we in the student class
require to iearn from the ground up. Success
in apiculture like any other business, does not
depend entirely upon one idea but upon a
combination of circumstances.

A. BURKHOLDER.

Wayne Co., Mich., June 6.

An Old Bee-Keeper's Experience

It Is my purpose to give an account of how
I caught the bee-fever. If in your imagina-
tion you will go back with me to the year
1832, when I "as 15 years old, living in Craw-
ford Co., Pa., it was then my grandfather
got me to work in the garden and watch his
bees, while he attended court. He provided
me with a ladder, a rope, a bell, and a straw
skep, with orders to get the " king " in the
skep should ibey swarm.

Well, one clay while at dinner the boy called
out " Bees nwarming." 1 went to the yard,
found them alighting on a pine tree some lb
or 20 feet bi;,'h, and placed the skep on the
ground uudci them, sawed off the limb, let
them down bv tbe skep, and by the time I got

458

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 1905

jte ife Jtte ate i*it- ite i^i i*i **«■ iife i*.- a*&- i*.- ji^it ■«!*»- ite «*» i*i- i*»- a** «*»• ite ate -ite ■i*i- a?.
<< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

-♦T-»T

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'5 HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .•. .'. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Nail

Untested Queen $ .75

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Pair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

.-#«. .«ifc. .«'ib. M^'- .w|^. ..-#«. >#>. .^%'w. .yi$y .«#>. *$■'. .w4«. :i^:. .^$0. .«|«. .^iv. .-i^i,. .«i|^. .w|^. iiAv. .w|«. «-|^. .w|;,. >'|-. w#:

Ti|«- >!«■ -iP|«- -(■|«- -*f •- (if 5 -f • i«f «• -*|« -*f ■ -fif « -*f ■ -ff « -*|j»- -j»f ■«■ -j>|*- -j!|«- -ipf («- -)»|«- -*|«- •»|«- J.!*- -«!■ -j.|. Tj|.

#
#

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Ate
#

ite
?»T

jite
••♦.«■

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•»?

jite

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Ate

•»♦,••
>. >'<>.

$■4.00 to Chautauqua Lake, N.Y.,

and return, from Chicago, via Nickel
Plate Road, July 7th, with extreme re-
turn limit of Aug. 8th, by depositing
ticket. No excess fare charged on any
train on the Nickel Plate Road. Cheap
rates to other eastern points. Three
trains daily, with vestibuled sleeping-
cars. Individual Club Meals, ranging
in price from 3Sc to $1.00, served in
Nickel Plate dining-cars; also service
a la carte ; and midday luncheon, SOc.
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
113 Adams St., room 298, Chicago, 111.,
for particulars. Chicago city ticket
offices. 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex. Chicago depot. La Salle and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.
12— 25A2t

VIRGINIA QUEENS irrc?jst:iiryi'^rt

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Jlutchinson.
Untested queens, TSc; alter June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.0(1; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17A.26t Fredericksburg, Va.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over ^ of
the bee-keepers ot Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GliORGE E. HILTON,

15A12t FREMONT, MICH.

ITALIAN QIEENS

EITHER GOLDEN OR HONEY QUEENS
AFTER JULY 1.

Our Goldens will
come up with any other
(iolden strain. Our
Honey - Queens are

what some breeders call
" Red Clover Queens."

1 6 12

Untested 1.75 14.00 $7.00

Tested (or War. Tested) 1.25 7.0U 13 00

Breeders 5.00

2frame Nuclei (no Queen)... 200 11.00 22 00
When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
p rice of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaclion is
not giren. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation.

D. J. BLOCHER pearl city,

16Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

BffiE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

We are now able to quote lower prices than ever
before Highest quality Kuaranteed. We handle the
G. B. licwis Go's floods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives. Senrt for ray 88-paRe CatalOK, and
leaflet for beginners. They are free.

44Etf W. J. MCCARTY, Emmetsburt:. Iowa

Please nxentiou Bee ^onmal -vrhen 'wrltiac-

I Save Money on Sections |

'^ There is no use in paying one-fourth more for sections when you can buy them ^•

W froTii us at one-fourth less. The quality ot our No. 3 Section i.s ihe equal of the &

.^> average No. 1 Section. We manufacture only goods of quality. Let us prove it by ^'

i^ sending you a trial order. We assure you of prompt attention and guarantee you 5^

;^ satisfaction or refund your money. ^.

I JOHN DOLL & SON I^p^pues |

^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. S.

down they were going in nicely. In the even-
ing when grandfather came home the first in-
quiry was, "Did the bees swarm?" 1 wag
ready to say "Yes." He said: "Did you
get them to alight?" I said: "Yes, they lit
before I got the bell, and I hived them."
" Well, you ought to be a bee-man," he then
said.

That started the fever. When his friends
came in he told the story and closed by say-
ing, "Little John ought to be a bee-man."
That was no antidote for the fever, so I asked
him if he would sell me that swarm. He said
he would if I would hoe corn for him. I asked
him how long, and ht said, "About 2 weeks,
and I will teach you to make the skeps in the
bargain."

It was the last week in May that we closed
the bargain. I took the bees home, got my
mother to take care of them when I was from
home, and 5 years later I went to a home of
my own. I started with 4 skeps. About this
time a sawmill was started in the neighbor-
hood, and I learned the carpenter and joiner
trade, so I got to making bos-hives, and quit
the skeps.

About the year 1S44 a man from Vermont
came through Pennsylvania, selling "Week's
Patent Hive " — a box-hive with a chamber
for surplus honey. I got this hive and used
it for 6 years, and increased to 30 colonies.

In the month of May, 1851, I sold my farm,
made a sale of stock and bees, and left Penn-
sylvania, coming to Lafayette Co., Wig., June
6, and bought a farm. Then I started out to

" The KiNti of I'ouUry. '^ Large
size, good layers ol finest eggs.
^Hardy and fearless, the best all
purpose fowl. 'Willow legs and
Bay eyes. Illnstrated circular.
26th year. ' H. H. FLICK.
MANCHESTER, MD.
r.wAsti oieution Bee Journal "vrnen wiitmi:,

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of hooey net, one gross in case complete
in 5-g-ross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, fo.b. New York. If you want
to secnre some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 Jt 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

ABOUT THE SOUTH

"About the South" is the name of a 64-page
illustrated pamphlet issued by the Passenger
Department of the

ILLI[\OIHEmALR.R.CO.

in which important questions are tersely an-
swered in brief articles about

Southern Farm Lands,

Mississippi Valley Cotton Lands,

Truck Farming-, Fruit Growing-,

Stock Raising-, Dairying-,

Grasses and Forag-e, Soils,

Market Facilities
and Southern Immigration

along the lines of the Illinois Central and
Yazoo & Mississippi Valley railroads, in the
States of Kentucky. Tennessee, Mississippi
and Louisiana, including the famous

YAZOO VALLEY

OF MISSISSIPPI

Send forafreecopy to J. F. Merry, A.G.P.A.,
I. C. R. R , Dubuque, Iowa.

Information concerning rates and train serv-
ice to the South via the Illinois Central can
be had of agents ot connecting lines, or by
addressing

A. H. HANSON, G.P.A., CHICAGO, ILL.

June 29, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

459

COLUMBIA

ONE=PIECE SECTIONS

JUNE BARGAIN— Stock C.

^

following prices

1000— $3.00
3000— 8.50

5000— $13.75
10,000— 25.00

Q We have 300 000 No. 2—4 1-4 x 1 7-8 open-top Sections to move QUICK at the Jj

I

O These Sections are extra good grade of No. 2, and v^^e know will please you. V

Q Send your order quick. X

S

fb^>c^>o^>occco0oc

COLUMBIA MFG. CO.

ANTIGO, WIS.

:3A.tf

FINE QUEENS

By Return nail. From my
3 and S banded long tongued
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, TSc; untested,
60c; no disease. I guaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?
CHAS. M. DARROW

R. F.D. No.l. MILO, MO.

The names and addresses of
those in the U. S. who expect
..M..ww» to buy honey in car or less
than" ar Tots during I'lOS.
The St. Croix Valley Honey- Producers Ass n,
2oA3t Glenwood Wis.

Wanted

$12.25 to Buffalo, N. Y.,

and return, via Nickel Plate Road, from
Chicago, July 8th, 9th, and 10th, with
extreme return limit of Aug. 4th, by
depositing- ticket. Stop-over allowed
at Chautauqua Lake points. Also low-
est rates to Ft. Wayne, Cleveland, Erie
and other eastern points. Three trains
daily, with first-class equipment. Meals
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars, on
American Club Meal Plan, ranging in
price from 35c to $1.00; also service a la
carte. No excess fare charged on any
train on the Nickel Plate Road. If con-
templating an eastern trip, write John
Y. Calahan. General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago, III. Chicago
Depot, cor. Van Buren and La Salle
Sts., the only passenger station in Chi-
cago on the Elevated Railroad Loop.
13— 2.^A3t

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

buy 2 or 3 milch cows, and while looking for
them I ran across a man that had a number
of colonies of bees in logs that he got in the
woods. He said they were wild bees, but the
honey was sweet. I gave him $5 for one, got
it home, and it swarmed in a few days. Then
I started with 3 colonies, in about a month
from the time I sold out. So you see I still
had the fever.

About the year 1860, when I had 100 colo-
nies in box-hives, I heard of the Langstroth
frame hive. I got a sample, made hives of
that style, and transferred 60. I keep the
best Italians I can get, and change every third
or fourth year. I have a mill, make my own
foundation and some for the neighbors. I
aim to keep about 50 colonies over winter.

To keep back swarming I give plenty of
room and shade.

To avoid absconding I give each new swarm
a frame of brood of all ages, with frames of
drawn comb as starters.

To avoid after-swarms I pick out all queen-
cells but one on the 6th day after swarming.

To avoid robbing I keep strong colonies,
and don't leave honey lying around to tempt
them to rob.

I have about all the books that treat on
bees, and I take the American Bee .lournal,
(ilea'nings in Bee Culture, and the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review.

I have owned and handled bees for 73 years
and still have the fever. John Cline.

Lafayette Co., Wis.

Bee-Keeplng in Uinta Co., Utah

Bees are iloiuj,'- lirst rate this season. I have
had 2;.' swarinf. all prime, and expect a good
increase and also a good crop of honey. June
2 a swarm issueil with 'A queens.

My winter loss was about 6 percent.

Utah is not like Missouri. We have a good
governor, ami our county commissioners are
also all right in retrard to helping the bee-men
of Uinta County or in the State of Utah.
Our commissioners stand ready to appoint a

JULY 15LOODED STOCK

will c:ive tbe chaiupions ot Diiroc-Jersey swine a
hearing. The eutire number will bristle with
luoney-makinff articles. Al,le contributors will
consider tlie praciical value of this breed;bow to
malie nionev wit b it. Subscribe now. 2r)C a year.
Blooded Stock, Bo:l 221. Oxford, Pa.

For Queens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1 ; Untested, "oc ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
$6 ; 15 for $8.25 ; 25 for $12.50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Golr'ens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do jtistice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Mjchiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hivea,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bell Branch, v^ayne Co., MicH

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amouuisto many times
tbe cost of Lambert's Ut-ath to
Lice — the sure preventive. Loss
Can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting' hens from
lice without- harming egtis or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove It. 100 cz.. by express. JI.OU.
O. K. STOCK F«OI> CO.,

A-^-'v^^V ' I>- J- Lambert, Vice-Pres.

'\T?^^ 406 Monon Bid*., CblcUEo. IlL

,^I'^;^/

460

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 1905

Millions of Sections
ShiDDing-Cases

TONS of COMB
FOUNDATION

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee-Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thing- the bee-keeper needs. The best g-oods made. Lewis' Goods in Indian^
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received in the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 7Sc; Select Untested, $1.00; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested,
$2.00.

C|ii| Cr^^TX 31. t^r\ 100'* East Wash. Street
■ IVI> OOw I I oc \^\Jm INDIANAPOLIS. iND. •^•^ •^•^ •^■^

N.B.— A Porter Bee-Escape, or Us equivalent, FREE with first order, if you say where you saw
this ad. -i^asa menUoa Beo Jonmai Wben wrMne

A Standard-Bred Italian Qneen-Bee Free !

For Sending One New Subscriber.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fine, Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the follow-
ing conditions, all of which must be strictly followed;

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own
subsc -iption paid in advance at least to the end of this year

2. Sending your own name with the 8100 for the Bee Journal
will not entitle you to a Queen as a premium. The sender must
be already a paid-in-adyanoe subscriber as above, and the new sub-
scriber must be a NEW subscriber; which means, further, that
the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at
least not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a

new one; and, also, the new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where
the Bee Journal is already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need be
made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be earned in
a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

We will book the orders as they come in and the Queens will be mailea
Will you have one or morel

Xf you cannot get a new subscriber, and want one of these Queens, we will send tne
American Bee Journal a year and the Queen — both for only $1.50. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, EL.

We are

Manufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large quantit}' of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 14«> Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

county inspector at any time, when one is
needed. We are not troubled with any kind
of bee-diseases. We all guard against them
by keeping our bees and our yards clean, and
we also have the best bee-feeder there is made.
There is no danger of robbers, and we can
feed a yard of 300 colonies before breakfast
any time. We don't have to open the hive,
need no smoke, and drown no bees.

G. W. Vangundt.
Uinta Co., Utah, June 4.

-sse o^Btion Bee Jctomal waen writtnc

Aphides and Honey-Dew

I am sending a twig cut from the soft-maplo
tree with a shell-bug (?) of some kind on it.
The maples are covered with it in some parts
of the country, and the bees tumble over
themselves in the early morning and late even-
ing—sometimes nearly up to dark — gathering
the exudation or honey-dew. I have seen it
many times before, but not to so great an ex-
tent as this summer.

We have a number of the different aphides
that work on the trees, and plants of various
kinds which produce " honey-dew " of some
kinds, and sometimes the trees are dripping
with it. A small green kind is at this time
working on box-elder, and does almost every
year, the sidewalk at times being wet with it.

Bees are in tolerably good condition, though
there are many weak colonies. F. W. Hall,.

Sioux Co., Iowa, June 12.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so, we can fill your order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3 band Italians; theT will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Uatested Queens, 75 cents;
$8 per doz. Tested Queens, $1 each. Send for
circular. J, W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoRBAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

What Adel Bees Do

E. MiLTOx, Mass., May 27, liOS.
Send me queen same strain as the one sent
19U4. That queen proved the best qneen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
15, 1'^OS. RoBT. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are $1 each.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

.^'lAaaA (nentaou iJeti Journal -woeu wtjuti'

B^" The most attractive eastern e.x-
cursion during the coming summer wil)
be to Asbury Park, N. J., on occasion
of the annua! meeting of National Edu-
cational Association, July 3 to 7, inclu-
sive, via the Nickel Plate Road and its
connections, either the West Shore or
LackawannaRoad,with privilege of stop-
over at Chautauqua Lake points, Niag-
ara Falls and New York City. Rate,
$21.35 for the round-trip. Dates of sale,
June 29 and 30 and July 1 and 2, with
extreme return iimit of Aug. 31, by de-
positing ticket. Patrons of this route
may have the choice of a ride over the
most interesting mountain scenery in
New York and Pennsylvania, and
through the celebrated Delaware Water
Gap, or through the beautiful Mohawk
Valley and down the Hudson River,
which also includes the privilege of a
ride on day line boat on Hudson River,
between Albany and New Y'ork City, in
either direction, if desired. No excess
fare charged on any train on Nickel
Plate Road. Meals served in Nickel
Plate dining cars, on American Club
Meal Plan, ranging in price from 3Sc to
$1.00 ; also a la carte. Chicago Depot,
La Salle St. Station, corner Van Buren
and La Salle Sts. City ticket offices, 111
Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.

For further particulars, address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 7— 23A4t

June 29, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

461

u

DADAIT'S FOUIDATIOI"

IT EX:OELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

-(PTIif

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, HI.

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. JK

OUR H:I"V^ES and SE0TI02>TS i
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending- in your order now, you will SAVE MONKY, and
secure prompt shipment.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us a

LEWIS' SECTIONS,

SHIPPING-CASES,

AND A FULL LINK OF

BEE-SUPPLIES BY BETURN
FREIGHT OR EXPBESS. ^''<»'»

H. M. Aknd, Manager.

York Honey -'^slfp^ff- Co.

141 & 143 Otitario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— NoFth 1559

Catalog: and price!-! on Honey on application. It you want <jiood Goods

at Factory I»rice8 and Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

"Combeb" anb

"€xtractcb"

Alfalfa's Merits — Best
Lifter Ever Known

riortgage-

Alfalta is better than a bank account, for it
never tails or goes into the hands of a re-
ceiver. 1 1 is weather-proof, for cold does not
injure, and heat makes it grow all the better.
A winter flood will not drown it and a Are will
not kill it. As a borer it is equal to an arte-
sian well ; it loves water, and bores to reach
it. When growing there is no stopping it.
Begin cutting a 20-aore field ; when your last
load of hay is handled at one end of the field
it is ready to cut again at the other end. For
filling a milk-can, an alfalfa-fed cow is equal
to a handy pump. Cattle love it, hogs fatten
upon it, and a hungry horse wants nothing
else. If yuar land will grow alfalfa you have
the drop on dry weather. Once started on
your land alfalfa will stay by you like Canada
thistles or a flrst-class mortgage, but only to
make you wealthier and happier. Evidences
of the profitableness of alfalfa on irrigated
land in the semi-arid regions multiply from
year to year. Best results are obtained in

4tli of July

Tickets will be sold at one fare for
the round-trip, plus 25 cents, from Chi-
cago, July 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th, to any
point oil the Nickel Plate Road. Re-
turn limit July Sth. Chicago Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts. City
Ticket Offices, HI Adams St., and
Auditorium Annex. Telephones Cen-
tral 2057 and 6172 and Harrison 2208.

11— 25A2t

462

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 1905

566=SllDDll6S!

Discount for Early Orders

We carry a lar^re stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Free Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

WRITE AT ONCE FOR CATALOG

AGENCIES.— Treeter Snpply Co., Lincoln,Ned.; Shugart & Ouren, Council BlnfEs,Iowa;
Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.; I. H. Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
w. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

Diumer's Foundation is lu Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Out., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By R*turn Mall. S.f. Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.IOB1S. ONI SIX Twe

Unt.stad $0.75 »4.00 *7.

Sciact Unteatad ■ 1-00 5.00 9

Tested ' • . 1-50 8 00 15.

Saiaet Tasted '• 2.00 10 00 18.

Select Breeders, each $3:00

Two-frame Nucleus and Red Clover Queen 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

CflR-LOflDS

of Lewis' B-Ware come to our city for distri-
bution. We carry a large stoci which enables
us to make immediate deliveries. We invite
your inquiries for prices, Catalog, etc.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

Davenport. Iowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and g-iviog- entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

S^"J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it," — A. G.
Please mention Bee Jouxual "wheu 'writing,

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOYETAILED HIVES AIND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

^ ,-^ ,0 xuoxiuon I5*:it:s ^ouma~i "wneu wntme

G.B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

We carry a most complelelme of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundatloo Cutter free with each order, if you state where you s^w this ad.

NORRIS & ANSPACH, Kenton, Ohio.

t3Atf

Montana, Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, by
sowing in May or June.

DIRECTIONS FOB SOWING.

For dry farms, for raising seed, 6 to S lbs. ;
for hay, 8 to 10 lbs. Irrigated land, 10 to
16 lbs.

Be very careful to have the land well worked
and leveled. The leveler the land the closer
you can cut the hay. If sown with drill, put
seed in from one to two inches. If sown
broadcast sow evenly over the land, then drag
once with light harrow. Will grow best in
gravelly or sandy land. Heavy clay or alkali
land does produce good alfalfa. — Selected.

The Wrong of Selling Unripe Honey

" Look out for number one." That's all
well enough ; but I tell you the man who
wants all the happiness to be got out of this
life needs to do a lot of looking out for
others. The chauffeur who recklessly rides
over people and frightens teams brings into
disrepute the army of good people who ride
in automobiles. The few evil-minded slug-
gers who are killing people in the Chicago
strike are bringing into disrepute the whole
scheme of organized labor. The man who
puts on the market unripe extracted honey is
doing a wrong to every honest man who pro-
duces honey. — [.Just so. I am not sure but
we ought to keep harpingon this subject dur-
ing the entire marketing season. The trouble
is, the chaps who unload their bad stuff are
just the ones who do not read the bee-papers.
It would, perhaps, be well for bee-keepers to
buy up some of these odd lots in order to pre-
vent their getting on the market at all, either
to depress prices, or, worse still, disgust the
whole trade with any kind of honey. — Ed. J
— Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

QQQQSQSSSSQQQQQQSQQQQQQQSe

QIIEEIS

We have secured the services
of one of the best Queen special-
ists in the U. S. Over 20 years'
experience rearing- Queens. Our
Yard is stocked with select breed-
ers from the best yards in Amer-
ica, and can send Queens by re-
turn mall.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens l.SO

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiHJDO, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal wtien vPTiting

$21.35 to Asbury Park, N. J., $21.35

and return, via Nickel Plate Road.
Tickets good via New York City. Dates
of sale, June 29 and 30 and .luly 1 and 2,
with extreme return limit of Aug. 31, by
depositing ticket. Chicago City Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams St. and Auditorium
Annex. Depot, La Salle and Van Buren
Sts., on Elevated Loop. 8— 23A4t

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

June 29 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

463

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Guaranteed Superiority !

diesi-mcBsl i

We have been making Bee-
Mives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consignin?, bnying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

IT.A.IJIA.N"

Bees,Queeiis andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .65

One tested queen '^0

One select tested queen . . 1.10

One breeding queen l.oS

One comb nucleus (no

queen) 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrhal guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sanaple and
prices. J. I.. SXR«I%G.

204 East Logan Street. CLARINOA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jomrnal.

FOR ITALIAN QUEEN-BEE8

After June 1— Untested, TSc; Tested. Sfl.SO;
Select. ?2 SO: Breeders, $5 00. 2-frame Nucleus
and Queen, ?2.25. All orders will receive prompt
atteutioa. Address all orders to

B. T. OREQORY, Beevliie, Bee Co .Tex.

iTnd.^ Comb Foundation Mills

Honey Glassware

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Cotnb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

?4-lb. ahd 1-lb. Octagon Xip-1'op tilass
Honey-.fars. Prices: ^i-pounds, $4.50a
gross: 3 gross for $13. 1-lb., 1 gross, *5.25:
3 gross for sU.oO. Address,

YORK HONEY "iiP^^d^ CO.

[Not incorporated]
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please tuentlott Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

COMPLETE STOCK FOR 1905 NOW ON HAND.
FREIGHT RATES FROM CINCINNATI AR£ THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH OINOINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will saye money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

It^" For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER '='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- Becstpax-f

Chicago. June 19.— The little that sells con-
Bists chiefly of extracted and the market is a
small one. Comb rang-es from 12@12Hc for the
best white with off g-rades l@3c less. Extracted,
white, 5l^(a'ic\ amber, 5@6c. Beeswax, ready
sale at 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, June 2.— There is only a fair de-
mand for honey at the {)resent time. We qnote
amber extracted honey in barrels at 4^@6c. ac-
cording- to quality. White clover extracted at
6^@Sc. The comb honey market is practically
closed for the summer. Beeswax, 29c.

Thb Frbd W.Muth Co.

Boston, May 23.— Our honey market contin-
ues very dull, with very little movement to be
noted. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1,
12Ji@13c. Extracted, from 6@8c, according to
quality. Blakb, Scott & LiBB.

Philadelphia, June 21. — As the season ad-
vances, there is very little call for comb honey.
In fact, no sales, and we make no quotations.
Commission men are accepting any offer they
can get for what little stock they have on hand.
Extracted honey is in some demand. Possi-
bilities of a big crop are holding prospective
buyers back. We quote: Fancy white, 7@7>^c;
amber, 6®7c; dark, 5Ji@6c. Beeswax in good
demand, 29@30c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblsbr.

Albany, N.Y., June 17.— The honey market
here is very (?ullnow. It is between seasons.
Receipts and demand very light. Very Utile
old crop carried over, and will be in good shape
for new crop, which begins in August Ouota-
tiouB are nominal uow. White comb, 12'" 14c;
mixed. 10@12c; dark, lOc/ lie. Extracted, white,
(>@(>Hc; mixed, 5>i@6c; dark, 6@bHc. Beeswax,
28@30c. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, June 21. — There is very little
comb or extracted honey on the market at pres-
ent, but what there is is being quoted as fol-
lows: Kancy white comb, 24 section cases, ?2 25
to S 2. 50; No. 1 white and amber, $1.75 to :i;2.C0.
Extracted, per pound,4J6@6c. Beeswax, 25@2Sc.
C. C. Clbmons & Co.

New York, June 19. — The comb honey mar-
ket is very quiet and we are hardly justified in
making quotations, Some few lots are sold here
and there at 13c for fancy, and 10(§Jl2c for lower
grades, bnt no lar>,''e blocks could be moved at
these figures. There is still considerable of
last year's crop unsold, part of which, nodoubt,
will have to be carried over until the fall. Ex-

tracted honey in fairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6W@7c for
water-white, of§i6}4c for white, and 5@5Hc for
light amber. Southern at 50f" 60c per gallon,
according to quality. Beeswax somewhat de-
clining; choice average stock selling at 29c.

HiLDKBTH A SBOBLKEN.

Cincinnati, O., June 9. —There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is In usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c; amber, in barrels, at 5K@S^c; in cans,
5^@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. fl. W. Weber.

San Francisco, May 31.— White comb, l-lb-
sections, 11@12 cents; amber, 8®10c. Extracted,
white, 5H@6 cents; light amber, 4@5c; am-
ber, 3@3J6c; dark amber, 2M@3c. Beeswax-
good to choice, light, 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.

The ship Atlas, sailing Saturday last for New
York, carried 236 cases extracted, reported to
be Hawaiian Island product. Offerings of this
year's California honey so far have not been
large, and mainly by sample. The movement
on local account is light.

tn sj^a.C To "^l e tnojj 3ST?T pny *-

a

I'-ii'dl878,'83, 'OJ & lUOS' t^

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir;— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want auy more smokers your nev.- style is
good enou^-^li for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for wli:ii. he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me mj ii^er mine. Fred Fodner.

464

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

June 29, 1905

JUST ABOUT NOW

Is the time to be careful where you order your Bee-Supplies and what goods you order. Lewis' Goods will never disap-
point you. They are standard and will go together rapidly and accurately. This means something

WHEN YOUR BEES ARE SWARMING

Bee-Heepers, Do Not Be Misled

By the so-called cheap prices. They mean poor goods, constant delays, trouble and dissatisfaction. A little more money
expended on LEWIS' BEEWARE in the beginning will save you double the amount in the end.

MILLIONS OF SECTIONS READY FOR YOU

As is customary with all large concerns we have agencies or jobbers in different parts of the United States, where
our goods are carried in stock. If you are located near any of those named below it will save you time and freight
charges to send your order to them. Where the distance is not so great from Watertown to the agency, these jobbers sell
the goods at our regular list prices.

The following are distributing points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber iv: Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA

C. M. Scott ct Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO
Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

a B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
of Bee-Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

National Bee= Keepers' Convention at San Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 30, 31 and Nov. i.

a\nenca/7

^ee 3ournal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 6, 1905

No. 27

i

«

^^fefflir^'^* ■•"''- iT^

J.

1 ^^Hjj^HI

^^^^Hl^^

FACTORY AND APIARY OF KBETCHMER MFO. CO.

(See page 468)

.■•''- -ste- .*••. >•«'. ■••"- .••«'. >•*. .«•]'. >#i ili ili i#i i#ii*jLifeii*JLi*JLi*JLi*JLJi!l!iL

E. KRETCHMER.

RB8IDBNCE OF B. KRETCHHBR.

466

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6, 19t'S

HONEY CROP

Already the harvest has commenced Now is the time to think of packages. Don't make the great mistake of neglecting this point.
You may lose the entire profit of the year by shipping your honey in poor packages. Appearance counts in the market. When you buy
ROOT'S GOODS you are sure of the best. Sections and Shipping-Cases; in fact, everything for the bee-keeper, can be promptly obtained
at Root's Branches or Agencies everywhere.

No-Drip Shipping-Cases

Don't allow your Comb Honey to be sold at low prices on account
of poor Shipping-Cases. Put your crop into Root's No-Drip Cases
and it will reach the market in perfect condition, thus bringing satis-
factory returns. Our Cases are made of selected basswood, with 2 or
3 inch glass front, which shows off the honey to the very best advan-
tage. Below is a condensed price-list. Complete prices and particu-
lars are found in our general catalog.

Shipping-Cases.
Name and Size of Case.

J3
O

(d

XJ

—

'3

z

30
30
20
20
25
30
20
30
25
30
•25

Price complete
including 3-in.
glass one side,
nails and pa-
per, in fiat.

With 3 in glass
instead of 3—
per 100.

Without
glass, per
100.

1

25
25
15
15
18
15
15
23
20
22
20

10

100

.g

19-in 4-row for 4^:/ section

2 00
2 00
1 30
1 20
1 50
1 30
1 20
1 80
1 40
1 80
1 40

?18 00
17 00

11 00

10 50

12 00

11 50
11 00
16 00

13 00
16 00
11 50

$17 00
16 00
10 50

10 00

11 50
10 75
10 35

$16 00

15 00

l'> in 2-row " "

10 00

9 00

IRin 9-rnw " *'

11 00

10 00

9 50

7'- -in 4-row for 4x5 ''

14 00

10 50

Qi/ in 4-ro'w forS^fxS "

14 00

6}4-in. 3-row " "

10 00

Porter Bee-Escape

The great labor-saver. No well-regulated apiary can afford to be
without it more than a smoker.

Price 20c each; $2.25 per dozen, prepaid.

Price with board, 35c; S3.20 for 10, not postpaid.

Aikin Houey-Bags

Don't fail to try this package. It is now an established success.
No loss by breakage. Easy to fill. No package so cheap and attrac-
tive. Develop a home trade that will prove very profitable.

PRICE-LIST OP AIKIN HONET-BAOS.

Capacity

1-pound bags

2-pound bags

3J ,2 -pound bags

5-pound bags

10-pound bags

Printing name and address
extra

Size

332X5K

X9>2

xlO
lOxlOK

100

Price of Wt of

500 1000 1000

S 65

80

I 00

1 20

1 50

30

$3 00

3 75

4 75

5 50

7 00

75

50
00

10 00
13 50

1 00

10
18
28
35
45

May be sent by mail at ISc per pound extra for postage and packing.

The Simplex Jar

The handsomest glass package on the market.
It's a package you need not be ashamed of, and
will find its way beside the finest of the grocery
shelves. Create a demand for your honey.

This is a new jar with glass screw-top and rub-
ber gasket fitted to the taper screw on jar, which
seals absolutely air-tight. Put up in re-shipping
cases of 3 dozen jars each, with corrugated pro-
tectors.

Price $1.10 per case; 6 oases @ $1.05; 20 cases
or more @ $1.00.

Honey-Labels

We print them. Write for our sample book.

5-Gallou Square Cans

The above cut shows the favorite package for shipping extracted
honey. There is no shrinkage and consequent leaking; no taint to
the honey from wood, as is so frequently the case with barrels and
kegs. The cane, being made square, economize space, and are easily
boxed. They are used exclusively in the far West. Take 4th class
freight-rate.

PRICE LIST OF SIJUARK CANS.

No. in
a box.

Capacity of each can
in gallons, in honey.

Pric
Ibox.

e of
10 bxs.

Wt. of
1 box.

1

5-gal. can boxed ....

60 lbs.

$ 55

85

1 50

1 50

$ 5 00

8 00

14 00

14 00

10 lbs.

2

5gal. "

60 "

13 "

6 "

15 "

10

1-gal "

30 "

12

i.^.gal. "

20 "

Other sizes, other styles. Screw-cap Honey-Gates, Wrenches,
etc., etc. Complete catalog free.

BRANCHES

Catalog sent by Return Hall.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY

HEDINA, OHIO

Chicago, 144 E. trie St. PhiladelDhia, 10 Vine St.

New YorK, 44 Veseu St.

(Entered at the Po8t-0£Qce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matten
PubUshed Ifeekly at 91>00 a ¥ear by Oeorge MV. York A Co.,

334 Mearbom St.

QBORQE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 6,1905

VoL XLV— No. 27

PCBLISilKD WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK H COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
*l.tK> a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 5U
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPBR-LABBL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance, " decoo" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, 19<j4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
cbanne the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Associatioo

let —To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and detend its members in their
lawful riahts. , . . .w ^ ,. . *

3(j._To enforce laws against the adulteration oi
honey^. _

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. K. FKANCE, Platteville, Wifc

t^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
trablisbere of the American Bee Journal.

The Honey-Producers' League

I Incorporated I

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertisinfi.

'2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee I'f ?i.0(> for each
'JAi (or fraction ol jni colonies of bees (spring count ■
he owns or operates.

•J. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
Arm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a lee of $10, increased by one-
flflh of one (I ) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George w. York, Manager.

334 Dearborn St., CuiCAGO, ill.

Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
I90fi. we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending uaONE NEW subscription with $1.00forthe
Bee Journal a year.

/T

\»

(Sbttortal Hotcs '^ (Eommcnts

=\

jf

Prof. Beaton Off for the Far East

Twenty-five years ago, in company with D.
A. Jones, of Canada, Prof. Frank Benton
started to the Far East in search of new races
of bees, not returning to his native land until
11 years later. The introduction into this
country of the Cyprian, Syrian, Palestine, and
Carniolan bees followed. Now with Uncle
Sam at his bacis, and as the accredited head of
the Apicultural Branch of the Department of
Agriculture, he starts in the same direction
for a two-year trip, seeking more worlds to
conquer. Besides obtaining queens from the
Caucasus, he has his eye on the big bee of
India, Apia dorsuta, and any other new bee
that may fall in his way. Neither will he
slight any chance for something new Id the
way of honey-plants. Bee-keepers will hope
for substantial gains from his efforts.

Don't Save the Uncapping-Knife

If you extract before the bees have sealed
the combs, you can save the time and labor of
uncapping. But you will lose money by it.
The honey will be of such quality that your
customers will conclude they do not like
honey, whereas if you leave it in care of the
bees till all is sealed your customers will want
more, and " children will cry for it." It is
not, however, for the sake of avoiding the use
of the uncapping-knife that most of the ex-
tracting of unsealed honey takes place, but
for the supposed greater quantity of honey to
be thus secured. To a large extent this is a
delusion. If every bee-keeper should realize
how little in weight he gains by extracting
unripe honey, and bow much more in propor-
tion he loses in quality, he would hesitate
thus to spoil the market not only for himself

but for others.

♦

What is Good Honey Weather?

Quinby said that the honey-flow was at its
best when farmers were just beginning to
complain of drouth. Admitting this to be
true, it is just a bit doubtful whether in the
long run there if- a. gain in having such
weather. When laimers begin to complain

of drouth the drouth has already begun its
injurious effect on the growth of honey-
plants, and although the immediate eSect
may be an increased storing of nectar con-
densed to a greater extent than usual, the
after effects in the way of checking plant-
growth may more than counterbalance all the
gain.

Speaking of white clover alone, the desid-
eratum seems to be weather so hot that one
can not find any spot cool enough to sleep at
night, with plenty of moisture in the ground
from previous rains. Does the man who
grumbles at the interruption of the gathering
by timely rains, really know what is for his

own good?

-♦

Townsend's Mixed-Super Plan

Editor Root is quite enthusiastic over O. H.
Townsend's plan of having sections and ex-
tracting-combs in the same super. Dr. Miller,
while not denying advantages in the plan,
thinks it can be used successfully only when
extracting-combs are new and white, because
of the habit bees have of carrying bits of wax
from the extracting-oombs to finish sealing

the sections.

■♦

Studying the Wants of Beginners

The province of a bee-paper is to supple-
ment the information gained from books of
instruction on bee-keeping, not to take the
place of such books. Lack of understanding
this sometimes causes disappointment, and
occasionally a subscriber writes after the
manner of one who lately wrote :

" I think a paper printed for beginners
should state what should be done every month
or less, and should not fill up its pages at this
time of year telling how to winter bees. I
don't receive much advice through the col-
umns of the .\inerican Bee Journal in regard
to each day's work, or each month's work."

It would eertiiinly be a very desirable thing
for a beginner to have explicit instruction
given as to the work of each day in the sea-
son. It would, however, be a difficult thing
to give such instruction. What would fit one
locality would not fit another locality. What

468

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6, 1905

would be right for May 15 of a certain year in
a given locality might be the right thing for
June 1 of another year. Supposing, however,
it could be easily done, it would have to be
much the same for each year, and those who
had been taking the Journal a year or more
would object to having space thus occupied.
It would be proper matter for publication in
a book of instruction, which is expected to
give general instructions. Even the books of
instruction do not all count it feasible to give
such plans of operation.

All this is said with no feeling of criticism
against our correspondent. It is always
desirable to know what our readers want, and
just so far as practicable it is intended to
gratify their desires.

Gentleness of Caucasian Bees

A correspondent, after a visit to Prof. Frank

Benton at Washington, writes with regard to
a colony of Caucasian bees :

" It was simply wonderful the way he han-
dled them. I do not think anything that has
been written has been overrated. He first be-
gan by taking them out and handling them
the same as we do the ordinary bee; he then
blew on them ; shook them ; kicked the hive,
and put them to all the tests that you or I
could think of to make an ordinary bee get up
and sting. After all these tests they still
clung to the frame and did not show the
slightest intention to sting."

While many bee-keepers prefer bees having
sufficient resentment in their make-up to keep
at a respectful distance any one inclined to be
light-fingered, there are others who would be
glad to have bees without any sting. Next to
a stingless bee is a bee with a sting it will not
use upon its owner. Let us hope that these
very gentle bees may at the same time distin-
guish themselves as honey-storers.

r

\=

ITlisccUancoxxs Hetps 3tcm5

=\

J

Rev. John Dooly, of Berkshire Co.,
Mass., wrote an interesting article on the
honey-bees for beginners, which appeared in
The Courier, of Chatham, N. Y. If every
bee-keeper who can do so would follow Mr.
Dooly's example, and write an article on bees
and honey for his local newspaper, it would
doubtless help to increase the demand for
honey, and also would afford an opportunity
to correct the comb-honey misrepresentation
that has appeared so often in print. If all
would help in this matter we believe the tide
would soon be turned in the direction of
honey as a daily food.

enjoy a view of the rich farming country with
which Iowa abounds. It seems to us we
never before had seen such abundant fields of

Kretchmer Mfg. Co. — For a long time
we had been promising Mr. E. Kretchmer, of
the Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Red Oak, Iowa, to
visit him and their factory. Finally we found

.TUSTUS C. KKETCHMJSK.

the opportunity to make the trip, starting
from Chicago the night of June 12, and arriv-
ing there about 1:30 p.m. the next day.

Red Oak is 450 miles west of Chicago, so we
had a ride almost across both States of Illinois
and Iowa. We arrived at Burlington, Iowa,
about daylight, so fjom there on we could

bees, and in 1860 purchased an Italian queen
of the first importation by S. B. Parsons, pay-
ing for her §150. At .?S a month it took quite
a long time to pay for that queen. Italian
queens are somewhat cheaper now, it seems.
Mr. Kretchmer is the oldest bee-supply
manufacturer in America. He began to make
hives by hand in 1x64, on a carpenter's work-
bench under a tree. From that humble be-
ginning his business has grown until now

GEO. A. SMITH.

white clover in full bloom. The tempting
fragrance could be inhaled from the open car
windows as we sped swiftly along.

Mr. Kretchmer kindly met us with horse
and buggy at the train as it rolled in at the
Red Oak station. We rode through the town
and on beyond about a half mile to his resi-
dence, which adjoins the factory, and all of
them being located quite a distance from
neighboring buildings.

The factory is on the left side of the road,
as we drove to the entrance, and some 10 rods
back, with a nice apiary of about 80 colonies
of bees between, right on a carpet of white
clover. We never saw quite so thick a mat of
white clover in any apiary before. The bees
had begun to work on the endless fields of
clover just two or three days preceding our
arrival, and were doing a hustling business.
In fact, it seemed that all through the State
of Iowa there was promise of a rich harvest
of white clover honey.

Mr. Kretchmer located his factory in Red
Oak 15 years ago, coming from Coburg, a few
miles away , where he had taken up his residence
over 30 years before. He came from Germany,
and began to work on a farm at ^ a month.
In 1S57, we believe it was, he got his first

CHARLES W. KKETCHMBR.

there are 60 employes in the factory, divided
into a day and night shift. We were sur-
prised to learn that the Kretchmer Mfg. Co.
now makes everything used by up-to-date bee-
keepers excepting bee-hats, excluder zinc,
and comb foundation. They used to make
the last-named article, but now handle
Dadant's brand. Their section-making capac-
ity is about 25,000 per day. Their output last
year of all kinds of bee-supplies was some-
thing like 60 car-loads. At the rate they were
running when we were there we should think
their total sales this year would exceed last
year's.

An uncapping fork is one of the new things
offered. Mr. Kretchmer imports them for his
trade.

Mr. Kretchmer is founder and president of
the Kretchmer Mfg. Co., his son, "Justus
C," is vice-president, and Geo. A. Smith, a
brother of Mrs. Kretchmer, is the secretary.
Another son, " Charles W.," is also in the
business. There is still a third son, "Ray,"
who is expected to be a part of it a little
later on.

The Kretchmer Mfg. Co. issues its full
catalog also in the German language, the only
one of its kind in the world.

Mr. and Mrs. Kretchmer have three sons
and three daughters, all of whom are mar-
ried, we believe, and also have nice homes.
Mrs. K. is a motherly woman, a good, practi-
cal housekeeper, and takes a deep interest in
the success of her husband and children.

We shall not soon forget the genuine cor-
diality with which we were received and en-
tertained at the Kretchmer home and factory.
May their success continue, and ever continue
to be well-deserved.

Red Oak is an ideal city of 5000 inhabi-
tants, and not a sitigle saloon. It has 13 good
church buildings, one of which, the Metho-
dist—a new one— cost over -¥60,000, with a
seating capacity of about 2000 people. It is

July 6, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

469

said to have the largest number of $10,000
residences of any city in the West. That
seemed a large saying, but as Mr. Kretchmer
drove us up and down its delightfully shaded
hills adorned with beautiful homes, we could
but believe it was very near the truth. The

&

^-

m.

I @

I

nNOAPPING-FORK.

buildings are all kept well painted, with door-
yards nicely mown and tidied up. Red Oak
certainly is a model residence place. And its
people appear to take much pride in keeping
up a thrifty and home-like appearance, which
indicates prosperity and success.

By the way. Red Oak has a "curfew
whistle " at 9 p m., instead of ringing a bell at
that time for the children to go home. It is
the whistle connected with the electric power
and lighting plant which runs day and night.

We hope to visit Red Oak again some time.
It is in itself an inspiration, and makes one
feel like wanting to go there again.

Mr. W. P. Just, editor of the Sauk County
(Wis.) News, called at this office June 34.
Mr. Just is also a bee-keeper, and takes great
interest in everything relating to the busy bee.

Colorado Pair Apiarian Exhibit. —

Mr. Frank Rauchfuss, 1440 Market St., Den-
ver, Colo., superintendent of the Apiary
Department of the Colorado State Fair, to be

held at Pueblo, Sept. 11 to 15 inclusive, sends

us a copy of the list of apiarian premiums

offered, which are as follows :

1st 2d 3d

Italian bees and queen in
single-comb observatory
hives $ 8 00 $5 00 $3 00

Carniolan bees and queen
in single-comb observa-
tory hives 8 00 5 00 3 00

Caucasian bees and queen
in single-comb observa-
tory hives 8 00 5 00 3 00

Largest and best display of
bees ol various races in
observatory hives 10 00 6 00 4 00

Largest display of queens
of various races in mail-
ing-cages 5 00 3 00 2 00

Best case of white comb
honey 3 00 2 00 1 00

Best case of light amber
comb honey 2 50 150 100

Best and largest display of
comb honey 10 00 6 00 4 00

Best display of special de-
signs 3 00 2 00 1 00

Best dozen jars of white ex-
tracted honey 3 50 1 50 1 00

Best dozen jars of light
amber extracted honey.. 3 00 1 50 50

Best and largest display of
extracted honey 8 00 5 00 3 00

Best display of extracted
honey in granulated form 3 00 2 00 1 00

Best 10 pounds of yellow
beeswax 2 00 1 00 50

Best and largest display of
beeswax 5 00 3 00 2 00

Best display of special de-
signs in beeswax 3 00 2 00 100

Best display of honey-pro-
ducing plants, mounted. 3 00 3 00 1 00
Best display of fruits pre-
served in honey 3 00 2 00 100

Most instructive display of
apiarian products and of
the various uses made of
honey and beeswax 20 00 10 00 5 00

All honey and beeswax must be Colorado
products.

Mr. J. A. Green is the assistant superin-
tendent. Surely Messrs. Rauchfuss and Green
should be able to get together a great apiarian
exhibit if anybody could, for there are not
two abler bee-keepers and general hustlers in
all beedom.

Mr. Rauchfuss says: "We have now a
larger list and better premiums than formerly,
and hope to have a larger display than ever."

The way to keep up a good and liberal
premium list is for honey-producers to show
their appreciation by making a big display.
And Colorado bee-keepers know how to do
it, too. Write Mr. Rauchfuss for any further
desired information.

Mr. Pranli G. Odell, of Lancaster Co.,
Nebr., was a caller at our office recently. He
has about 20 colonies of bees, and intends to
increase to perhaps 100, then make a specialty
of queen-rearing. In fact, he has already be-
gun the work. And he will succeed.

Rev. A. R. Seaman, of Fayette Co., Pa.,
dropped in to see us June 24. He has about
40 colonies of bees, and is located in the great
iron manufacturing region where there is a
good deal of smoke and dust that is not con-
ducive to the growth of honey-plants.

Mr. E. B. Gladish, secretary of the
Leahy Mfg. Co., of Lafayette Co., Mo., wrote
us June 20 : " The honey crop has been good
here locally so far this season. We had a
nice rain to-day."

-V (Eontnbutcb ^-
Special drttcles

'^

I

How to Treat Foul Brood by the Baldridge
Plan

BY M. M. BALDRIDGE

THE Baldridge plan of treating a foul-broody colony suc-
cessfully is as follows :

1st. Open the hive of the diseased colony and cagi) the
queen. The best time to do this is late in the afternoon or
near sunset. Place the caged queen in the top of the foul-
broody hive, and where the cage can be got at with as little
trouble as possible.

2d. Bore a small hole — about one inch in diameter — in
the front end of the foul-broody hive a few inches above' the
regular entrance, and fasten over it on the outside of the
hive a Porter bee-escape. After the bees are through flying
for the day turn the foul- broody hive half way around so the
bee-entrance will face the opposite direction.

3d. Now go to some healthy colony and select one or two
combs of brood well covered with bees, and place them in an
empty hive and fill this hive with empty combs, frames of
comb foundation, or empty frames, and set this hive on the
stand of the diseased colony. The rear ends of both hives
will now touch each other, or they may be a few inches ajuirt.
Now leave the hive thus say 2, 3 or 4 days, or long enougli for
the outdoor workers in the foul-broody colony to return to
their old location. This they will do, of course, and they will
then remain in the new hive having one or two combs of
healthy brood.

4th. Near sunset of the second or third day take the caged

queen away from the diseased colony and simply let her run
into the entrance of the new hive.

Sth. Now close the regular entrance of the foul-broody
hive and all other exits except the one through the bee-
escape. Then gently place this hive by the side of the new
hive and close to each other, the closer the better, with both
fronts facing the same way. Thereafter the bees that hatch
or fly out of the diseased colony must pass through or out of
the bee-escape, and as they can not return they must and will
go into the new hive. By this means the new hive, in the
course of 3 or 4 weeks, will secure all, or nearly all, the bees
and brood that were in the diseased colony, and during this
time, or for any length of time thereafter, no robber bees can
gain entrance thereto and carry away any diseased honey.

This plan of treating foul-broody colonies prevents all
loss in bees, brood, honey, or the building of new combs, and
is a simple and practical way of treating the disease. In some
respects the plan is afar better one than any other I have
seen described.

My plan may be carried out in divers ways, but it is not
always best to describe such and thereby confuse the reader.
The entire plan is based upon the well-known fact that foul
brood is a germ disease, and that the germs may be taken
into a new hive by the bees tilling their bodies with the dis-
eased honey deposited in the foul-broody hive. The disease
may likewise be taken into the new hive by the nurse-bees.
My plan does away with all such danger, for when the dis-
eased colony is left undisturbed over night the bees re-deposit
all their honey, and on going out to work the following day
they go out with empty bodies and return with healthy honey.
All the nurse-bees will remain in the diseased colony, and be-
fore they pass out of their hive through the bee-escape all
germs in their bodies will have been disposed of in nursing
the uncapped brood in the foul-broody colony.

My plan of treating foul brood is not exactly a new plan,
as it was outlined by me in 1897, page 333, in the Bee-Keepers'
Review. Since that date I have treated a number of foul-
broody colonies by my plan, and always with good success. 1
am advised that others have done likewise.

Kane Co., Ills., June 20.

470

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6, 1905

Dodder or Love-Vine— Other Honey-Plants

I!Y PROF. A. J. COOK

I HAVE an interesting letter from Mr. B. S. Taylor, now
of Riverside Co., Calif., but formerly of Michigan. Mr.
Taylor has 400 colonies of bees, and has made quite a suc-
cess in apicultiire since coming to this State. He now calls
attention to the fact that gold-thread, or dodder, is destroying
much of the wild buckwheat — Erioginum fasciculatum, which
is one of our much-prized honey plants of Southern Califor-
nia. I have noticed ever since I came to this section that this
dodder was seriously menacing the very lite and existence of
our wild buckwheat, yet I think that it will take many years
before it exterminates the plant, if it ever is able to do so.

This dodder is a plant of many names. It is known as
dodder all over the country ; as gold-thread here in Califor-
nia, and we often near it referred to as love-vine. These last
names are quite appropriate, as it is thread-like in appear-
ance, and it is golden-yellow in color. It twines about its
victims in a very close, loving way, and though with no loving
thought such would be suggested by its close embrace. It is
known to science as Cuscuta Californica, and there are three
other species (one C. subinclusa, which is very common),
which are found in this county.

This dodder is a very interesting plant for three reasons :
It is a parasite, which accounts for its color, as all plants that
have not the green which comes from chlorophyl must depend
upon other plants or organisms for their nutriment, and so
sponge their living. This is the habit of dodder, and thus it
is that Mr. Taylor rightly brings his plaint against this plant
murderer.

This plant also interests us as it victimizes some of our
best and most prized plants, notably alfalfa, which suffers
greatly from its attack. Indeed, I know of no enemy that the
alfalfa-grower more dreads. It is, on the whole, a worse
enemy of this incomparable forage-plant than is the ubiqui-
tous gopher or the destroying wire-worm.

The third peculiarity that attracts interest to this love-
vine, is its life history, which is surely unique, and which may
be truly "made to point a moral and to adorn a tale." Its
tiny seed drops like other seeds to the earth, takes root after
the manner of all proper seeds, and springs up with no peculiar
feature except its exceptional color, which, in itself, is a
threat and a promise of evil. It now stretches up its golden
strands, entwines the luckless herb or shrub that promises
companionship, and now loses connection with the earth, and
draws all of its nourishment from the host that not only holds
it up, but gives it its entire support. This is how the buck-
wheat suffers, and why Mr. Taylor is disturbed as he sees one
of our best honey-plants sacrificed to support this grasping
parasite.

In most of our works on botany, this plant is included in
the morning-glory family — the convolvulaceie. Some of our
recent authorities put it in a separate family — cuscutace;e.

We may describe dodder briefly as follows : Annual, leaf-
less, parasitic herbs, with string-like twining golden stems
that are entirely destitute of the green that comes of the pres-
ence of chlorophyl. Tlie flowers are very small ; in the pres-
ent species hardly more than a lino (1-12 of an inch) long, and
are borne in clusters on the side of the slender stems. The
calyx and the corolla are of the same color, the latter being
deeply five-cleft. The corolla-lobes are slightly longer than
the carapanulate tube. There are five stamens inserted on
the corolla-tube, but the scale-like appendages usually in-
serted below the stamens are absent in this species. The
ovary is globular and two-celled, with two seeds in each cell.
The seeds are small, irregularly rounded, and, as we see from
the above, are very numerous.

As stated above, this plant is a great alfalfacide, and the
form and size of the seed make it possible to avoid it. The
alfalfa seed is crescent shaped, and not a little larger than is
the dodder seed. Every one interested in growing alfalfa
should possess himself of a good hand lens, and learn to detect
the presence of dodder seed in case it is present with the
alfalfa seed that he plans to use. In case he finds the intruder
present, he must take great pains to screen it out. From the
smaller size of the sei-d this only requires a little pains, and
with the free use of tlie lens may be done very perfectly.

The method or eradication in the alfalfa meadow is not
difficult of application, and will succeed with a fair trial. We
have only to put straw over the patch, which, from the bright
color of the gold-thread, is easily seen, and then burn. This
better be done as soon as the dodder is discovered, and thus
seed will not be formed. As the dodder is rootless we will
destroy it all in this ori;mation of its host. If all would prac-
tice this method, and exercise care to screen all seed that con-

tains the dodder seed, this pest might soon be banished from
the alfalfa fields, and large amounts saved to the growers of
this incomparable forage-plant.

In answer to Mr. Taylor regarding this pest in the bush,
where it runs riot among the buckwheat. I can only suggest
this same fire-and-torch method. It it will pay to take this
pains we could soon very materially lessen the evil, and so
keep this valuable honey-plant. It might pay well to do this,
and surely it will be well to give the matter earnest considera-
tion, as I have noticed, as Mr. Taylor has, the rapid increase
of this pest along the roadsides about Claremont.

HONEY AND THE WEATHER.

We have been having very exceptionally cold, wet, foggy
weather for this region. A few days ago we had a few very
warm days, and the way the honey came in was most encour-
aging to the bee-keeper. Now for days it has been so cold
that we were more comfortable with a daily fire, and the fogs
were very pronounced each day. It was so cold that the bees
ventured out but little, and, of course, the amount of honey
gathered was very light. Now we are having it warmer
again, and the bees are at work at a more lively pace, and we
may expect a good harvest as the abundance of bloom is phe-
nomenal. The black sage is now in full bloom, and white sage
is just opening.

CALIFORNIA HONEY-PLANTS.

I have been noticing the bees at work the past few days,
and marvel at the richness of our bee-forage. The peppers,
both staminate and pistillate trees, are humming all the day
through with the bees as they crowd the bloom with their
presence. There are many mints that share with the sages
the friendly, appreciative visits of the bees. The abundant
horehound is now in full bloom, and I notice that it, as well as
the black sage and the abundant salvias, is crowded all the
day long with the honey-gatherers. Phacelia tanacetifolia,
with several other species of the same genus, is swarming
with the nectar-lovers. Several species of gilias are now in
full bloom, one of which — Gilia capitata — has great heads of
flowers, and bears beautiful blue pollen. I was greatly in-
terested the first year I came here to see the novel sight of
bees heavily laden with this blue pollen, and was not con-
tent till I had hunted out its source. I find that several of
the gilias bear this, and I am glad to state that all of these
gilias are good honey-plants.

BARREN FRUIT-TREES.

J. C, of Geneva, N. Y., asks my opinion why his pear-
trees do not set any fruit. He adds that they blossom full,
but fail to set almost entirely. I will soon give a full paper
on this subject, but will only say that in such cases lack of
pollenation is usually the explanation. With pears, espe-
cially, and there are so many other fruits of which this is
equally true, oross-pollenation is often imperative to the pro-
duction of a crop. It is always wise in setting orchards to
mix varieties. Even granting it is better to grow just one
kind of fruit, there should be a sparing admixture of other
varieties, at least one tree in eight, if not in four. Care, too,
should be exercised that the varieties blossom at the same
time. It is true, however, that this cross-pollenation is not
always necessary. The Bartlett pear is often entirely sterile
to its own pollen, yet I have known rare cases where it was
wholly a success under such circumstances. Probably season
and climate have much to do with this.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 29.

#

A Few Apiarian Notes and Comments

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

HOW do you pronounce s-t-i-n-g-y ?" asked Prof . Comstock.
The smart boy nearest the foot of the class stood up and
said, " It depends a great deal whether the word is ap-
plied to a man or a bee."

"Go to the head, young fellow."

WHERE TO KEEP COMB HONEY.

To keep comb honey perfectly the temperature should
never go below 70 degrees F. From 80 to 95 degrees is what
should be aimed at during the daytime, and the room in which
it is kept should be dry and airy, if possible. A dark room
keeps the capping to the combs of a lighter color. Keeping
honey in a warm room makes the body of it thicker and
heavier. When thus kept, if there are any unsealed cells, the
honey will become so thick in them that it will not run out,
even if the combs are turned down on their sides. If the room

July 6, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

471

is damp, and the temperature falls lower than 60 degrees, the
honey takes on moisture, becomes thin, and eventually runs
from the combs and sours. Therefore, always store honey in
an upper dry room, and never in the cellar, as so many are
prone to do.

STUDY YOUR LOCAL HONEY-FLORA.

There is no subject of more importance to the bee-keeper,
nor is there one that gives him more pleasure than the study
of the honey-producing flora of his locality. No matter
whether they bloom in the garden, the field or forest, or per-
chance along the roadside ; if bees gather nectar from them
they at once become an object of interest and investigation.
The question of bee-forage is one that every one engaged in
bee-keeping should investigate, for upon the amount and
duration of the honey-producing plants and trees in the
vicinity of the apiary depends the success or failure of the
enterprise.

In locating an apiary for honey-production, one should
have an eye to the amount of bee-forage in reach of the loca-
tion, for no amount of labor and skill in the manipulation of
our bees will pay where it is wanting. Having the desired
flora in our location, and then so manipulating our colonies
that the maximum amount of bees comes on the stage of action
just at the time when the flora producing the ma.Kimum
amount of nectar is in bloom, our success is assured. And
without the desired flora, we can not meet with the success
we otherwise would, for planting and sowing for honey where
Nature does not give the same in profusion, can not make up
for what is lacking. It will help some, however, where our
environments keep us in a place where Nature does not
furnish flowers in profusioji.

HOW BEES BUILD CELLS WITH EX.\CTNFSS.

The question is asked, " How can so many insects occu-
pied at once on the edge of combs where it is dark, as in a bee-
hive, concur in giving them the common curvature from one
extremity to the other, as is found in the comb of the honey-
bee?" it is supposed that this direct mathematical work is
done by actual measurement, as each bee has a square or rule
to measure by, in the shape of the antenn;e All who have
observed the antenn:e of the honey-bee know that there is a
joint in each, out toward its end. In building worker-comb,
which is 5 cells to the inch, this joint is closed like a jack-
knite, so that when the antennae thus closed is straightened
out on each side of the head, the folded joints just touch the
walls of the cell, and thus each bee is enabled to work in har-
mony with every other bee in the hive, and we have every
cell of worker-comb as nearly exact as the average carpenter
can make a duplicate of the work of another carpenter.

In building drone-comb the antenn;o are straightened out
fully straight, so that they touch the walls of the cells when
fully extended at the extreme outside points, and by so doing
larger cells are made, or those numbering 4 cells to the inch,
which is the size of cells in drone-comb ; and these are as uni-
form as to size as are those of the worker pattern. In this we
see the wisdom of a kind Providence, which placed within the
bee an instinctive capacity as great, according to its wants, as
is the reasoning capacity in man.

FINDING BLACK OR HYBRID QUEENS.

To find a black or hybrid queen often baffles an expert.
to say nothing of the novice. Much care at the beginning is
the great secret of success. If possible, let the work be done
between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the largest
number of field-bees are generally out at work, so that the
hive is not congested with bees.

Open the hive slowly without a jar. and use as little
smoke as possible. Be very careful not to kill a single bee,
for if bees are killed the colony is liable to resent it, this caus-
ing so much smoke to be used in quieting them that the whole
mass is likely to be "stampeded," under which condition it is
nearly impossible to find any ciueen of any race.

Having the hive opened, remove the comb next to the
side of the hive nearest you first, and sit on the east side of
the hive during the forenoon, and the west side durinjr the
afternoon, thus allowing the sunlight to strike the side of the
combs next to the operator. As soon as the first comb N ••^-
amined. set it in a box or empty hive, placing the same on the
side farthest from you. On removing the second comb liom
the hive, glance down upon the side of the comb in the liive
which was next to the one you have now raised before y.iu
look at the one you have in your hands. If the queen i> on
that side of the" comb, she will immediately, upon the strong
sunlight striking her, commence to run around the comb to
get out of the light. If you do not see her at once (which you
will be apt to do if she is there, as the strong light strikag

against the side of the abdomen as she is running, will arrest
your attention as nothing else would), then look on the side
of the comb you hold in your hands that is the farthest from
you, as the queen is sure to be on one of the dark sides of the
combs. If she is not seen here, set this comb in the box up
against the one that you put in first.

Proceed in this manner till all the frames are taken form
the hive and placed in the box, unless you find the queen
sooner. If not found, proceed to look in any corner of the
hive wherever you see little clusters of bees, for if the queen
is very shy she may leave the combs and run down into the
corners of the hive. Not finding the queen in the hive pro-
ceed to take the combs from the box in the same order you
took them from the hive, ami glance the combs over in the
same way, and in nine cases out of ten any one should find
any queen before the combs are all back in the hive again,
even if the colony is composed of black bees in their purity,
and the operator is only a novice.

As noted at the beginning, care at the start so as not to
stampede the bees, is the great secret of success, and this
coupled with a strong light and a knowledge of how any
queen behaves under such conditions, gives you the key to the
whole matter. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

^

Contention
Procecbings

^

Papers Read at the Minnesota Convention

Held at Minneapolis, Dec. 7 and 8, 1904

SELLINa HONEY THROUGH GROCERS.

The methods of selling honey through the grocery trade,
whether in cities or small towns, must be pretty much the
same in all essential respects. It will hardly pay to attempt
to sell honey from house to house, especially in cities. There
is already too much of the peddling or canvassing business
done there. It is becoming an unbearable nuisance to the
house-keepers. So I take it that the best way for the honey-
seller is to work through the grocers who are already
established and are supplying families with other things for
their tables.

At present honey is considered by consumers a luxury,
or else is not bought on account of fear of its adulteration.
In either case it will be necessary to do considerable educat-
ing. Honey should be used more, and will be when once
the people come to know its value as a food, and also when
they can be assured that they are getting the absolutely
pure article every time they buy honey.

But one of the main questions is, How put up honey so
that grocers will be induced to handle it? Of course it must
be in suitable or convenient packages. Comb honey will
always be retailed bv the section, which usually weighs about
one pound. And the price should be for the best grades,
froin IS to 25 cents, depending upon the locality— or ability
of the consumers to pay. People who think they can afford
to pay 10 cents or more for a useless cigar certainly should
not object to paying 25 cents a pound for honey.

Extracted honey, put up in neat labeled jars holding a
pound each, should retail for at least as much as a section

of honey. , , , .

It is very important that honey of always the same grade
and flavor be bottled. If these characteristics are varied,
the consumer's suspicions are at once aroused, and he thinks
he is being swindled by an adulterated or mixed article. He
does not know that different kinds of flowers produce dif-
ferent flavored honeys. Where a bee-keeper or honey-dealer
has a mild-flavored honey, but of insufficient quantity to
supply his demand year in and year out, he can buy a
stronger-flavored honey to mix with the mild kind, and
thus increase his supply, and with about the same flavor.

In order to do a bottling business of any magnitude,
or where one bottles several tons of honey a year, it is nec-
essary to be equipped to do it rapidly and well. A full
equipment will cost about $100, which includes hot-water
heater, a metal melting-box for 60-pound tin cans, and a
combined mixing and filling tank with jacket for holding hot

472

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6, 1905

water. A firm with which I am famiUar has such an outfit,
and can bottle about a half-ton of honey a day.

This concern's melting-box holds IS 60-pound cans at
one time, and the bottle-filling tank' about 100 gallons. It
also has a second filling tank holding about 50 gallons. This
latter tank is used mainly for melting granulated honey tliat
was in barrels. A barrel of honey is stood on end on a
sheet of galvanized iron about 4 feet square laid on the floor.
If the honey is not solidly grained, the edges of the metal
sheet may be turned up, say two inches., After ending the
barrel, it is all removed in pieces, except the bottom-end.
The honey is then shoveled into the melting tank. This
beats digging the honey out of the barrel. Emptied barrels
are worth practically nothing, anyway, so they may as well
be torn to pieces, and the honey shoveled, as mentioned.
Perhaps the barrels could be sawed or broken up, so as to be
burned in the heater, and thus be used as fuel for heating the
water to melt the honey.

The heater and the melting tanks should be connected
so that there can be a circulation of water through all of
them at the same time. or. arranged so that each can be dis-
connected at will.

The honey should be bottled and corked or capped hot,
say as near 160 degrees as possible. But great care must be
i.:std not to let the honey stand long in the melting tanks at
a high temperature. It should be bottled at once. If not, the
flavor and color will be injured. If overheated, or allowed
to stand too long at a high temperature, it becomes a dark
amber, and somewhat bitter in taste. Of course such honey
can be used for baking purposes or for making honey-
vinegar, but even for baking I think that better honey would
make better cakes and cookies.

Now, having the honey bottled, and nicely labeled, the
next thing is to get it into the grocers' hands. Take a
sample jar or bottle (several, if you have various sizes) and
call on the grocer. Tell him your prices, and suggest at
what prices the honey should be retailed. It is a good thing,
also, to leave him a honey circular, giving directions as to
the uses of honey and where to keep it properly. Tell him
what day you will deliver whatever he orders, and try to
have a fair-sized wagon-load before making any deliveries.

It is a good thing to make regular calls on the grocers,
and see that they are kept supplied. Also, whenever you
call leave a self-addressed card (authorized postal size) on
which they can write their orders, affix a one-cent stamp,
and then mail. Such cards are a convenience all around.
If you have a telephone it is well to print your number on
the card also.

Some honey-sellers have found it an advantage to have
attractive honey show-cases which they loan to any grocer
who will keep their honey for sale. Such case holds perhaps '
two or three dozen jars, and about as many sections of
honey. The idea, then, is to load up a wagon with honey,
call on the stores where the honey-cases are, and see that
they are kept filled. This plan has worked well. It is rather
expensive to start with, but as many grocers have no good
place to put honey so that it can be seen by their customers,
and also where it will be kept clean, a glass show-case is a
good thing for all concerned.

An individual glass jar has been used with some success
in the restaurant trade. It holds about two ounces of honey,
and is also neatly labeled. The cost of the jar is about 2
cents. The jars can be returned after using, at one cent
each. As many restaurants charge 10 cents for a serving of
honey it will be seen that there is a profitable field for the
individual honey-package for hotels and restaurants.

But what needs to be done lirst is to get into the heads
of the consumers the fact that they can buy pure extracted
honey; that comb honey is not made by machinery; that
honey is the best sweet on earth ; and that they ought to eat
more of it, and cut out the glucose syrups and other ques-
tionable mixtures that are forever being palmed off on the
public. These are matters in which every bee-keepers' as-
sociation, as well as bee-keepers themselves, can help, and
help mightily. We must all unite in talking honey, and also
in getting newspapers to print items about honey. The
National Bee-Keepers' Association should lead in this cam-
paign, I think. It should prepare suitable matter for publica-
tion, and then its members and local organizations should
see to it that every editor they know publishes it in his
paper, even if it takes a little cash or several pounds of
honey to induce him to do it.

1 believe when the people of the United States once
understand the lioncy question they will use our sweet in
such quantities that bee-keepers will have to bestir them-
selves in order to supply the demand. Then the advice to
"keep more bees" will be heeded more than it is now, for
bee-keepers will see that there is a profitable outlet for their
crops of honey, and that there is good money in the business.

I trust this convention will discuss this question fully.
It means so much to every bee-keeper in the land. Just now
there are bee-keepers who do not know how or where to
dispose of their honey. In the good time coming such will
. not be the case. Honey-buyers will be hunting for honey —
they will be calling on bee-keepers to send in their honey,
and at a good price. May that happy day be hastened in
its coming ! George W. York.

/T

\=

®ur ^cc^Uccping Sisters

=\

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

=/

Some Sisters' Sayings and Doings

Over in England the sisters seem to have
gotten the start of the brothers — at least their
bees have — as appears from the following
item in the British Bee Journal :

"Mrs. Wright would like to inform the
editors of the British Bee Journal that she had
a swarm of bees from one of her hives at noon
on May 6."

This seems to have been the earliest swarm
reported.

On the other hand, a sister in Australia
seems to have come to grief from having been
too slow, according to the following from the
Australasian Bee-Keeper ;

" Mrs. AmosMilford, wife of a fruit-grower,
whose house and orchard are situated at Har-
court, Victoria, walketl into the garden yes-
terday, and, as she did not return, her hus-
band went in search of Iht. He was horrified
to find his wife prostrate on the ground, her
head and shoulders black with a swarm of
bees, which had evidently attacked and set-
tled on the unfortunate woman. The bees
were driven off and mediciil assistance hastily
summoned. Mrs. Milfoil, however, is suf-

fering so greatly from pain and shock that
her condition is regarded as very critical."

Does any sister live in the vicinity of Mad.
Cawein, who can coach her a little on the
matter of bees and rotten peaches before she
writes another book of poetry j The Literary
Digest, which calls her a poet of Nature, gives
the following as a specimen stanza :

Bee-bitten in the orchard hung
The peach, or, tiillen in the weeds.

Lay rotting where still sucked and sung
1'he wild bee, buriiig to the seeds

That to the pulpy h.iney clung.

" Stenog," of Gleiiiiings, seems to think it
is not entirely according to Nature " when we
are called to watch u liee making its way by
boring into a rottiiiLC peach lying on the
ground." But, then, "Stenog" is not "a
poet of Nature," auJ is not up on poetic
license. Indeed, it is generally understood
that he is not a license man at all, either high
or low. He should remember, too, that this
was a " wild bee," that had never had the
ways of Nature trained out of it in a Danzen-
baker hive. Neither was it a common peach,
but one of the poetic kind that turns into
honey. What a beautiful thought is expressed
in the words,

" the seeds

That to the pulpy honey clung."

How plainly that brings before us the pic-
ture of the clinging nature of peach-seeds,
clinging to the honey, " pulpy " honey at
that! No, "Stenog" is not "a poet of

Nature."

Bee Dress, Veil and Gloves

I do not know how other women bee-keep-
ers dress, but after a number of years in the
business I have settled down to pretty much
one style of dress, and one kind of veil and
gloves. In the first place, I tried wrappers —
the usual kind with loose fronts — but for sev-
eral reasons I found them unsuited to the
work before me. First, they are too warm to
admit of anything being worn over them, and
not having the sleeves lined the bees would
sting the arms and shoulders through the thin
fabric of which summer wrappers are com-
monly made. Next, the loose front, even
when belted down by girdle or apron, would
drag down when obliged to stoop for a length
of time over the hives, so that it quite seri-
ously interfered with the free use of the feet
at such times. Again, when carrying heavy
hives and supers, the weight pressed against
the dress would pull down this loose portion
enough to almost trip one down, especially it
obliged to travel over rough ground or
through high grass.

For the above reasons, also because of their
unwieldiness in the wash-tub and on the iron-
ing-board, the wrappers were discarded and
loose, unlined, bloused-waist suits adopted
instead.

These suits are made of calico or gingham,

July 6. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

473

with gored and neatly-fitted skirt which opens
directly in front. If placket is properly made
the closing will be practically invisible. The
skirt is joined, by means of a narrow belt, to
a carefully fitted bloused waist cut after the
latest shirt-waist pattern. The waist is closed
with buttons, the button-holes beinp; placed
close together. The neck is finished with a
widerutlle which falls well down over the
shoulders. The sleeves, instead of being
finished with cuffs, are simply hemmed and a
rubber cord run into the hems. Over the
dress I wear, when working in the apiary, a
common dressing-sack made of flannelette or
outing flannel. These suits are neat, easily
made, and very easily laundered. They very
closely resemble the two-piece shirt-waist
suits so popular the past few seasons.

Veil and hat are made in one. The hat is
usually a good quality of straw or cloth, such
as the men wear in the fields. To the outside
edge of the rim is sewed a wide, full veil of
tulle or mosquito-netting, with face part of
best grade of sewing-silk face- veiling. In the
bottom of the veil is rubber cord or a round,
smooth shoe-lace, put in "draw-string" fash-
ion. The veil is drawn up close about the
neck, under the rurtle of the neck of the
dress, thus making a bee-proof combination
here.

Gloves are of canvas or duck, such as are
sold in country stores for 10 cents per pair.
Sometimes old kid gloves are used, but these
I do not like so well as the canvas. To the

top edges are sewed the tops of heavy ribbed
black hose, which are drawn well up over the
arms, thus preventing any bees from getting
under the sleeves. Equipped m this way one
may work among the bees for hours in com-
parative comfort. This rig I have found
light, cool, and effective— in fact, all that
could well be expected of a bee-dress.

Slippers were once a favorite summer foot-
wear, but since working in the apiary I have
learned to wear high shoes. In fact, I wore
the slippers once too often, getting badly
stung about the ankles as a consequence.

But while for my own use I sew veil and
hat together, tor the men folks I make veils
separate with rubber cord in both top and
bottom hems. I frequently notice, however,
that they use the cotnbination in preference
to the separate articles. It is well to have a
number of each kind on hand for the accom-
modation of visitors or e.xtra help, as the case
may be.

A thing which one should try to do is to
make all these beforehand, for when the rush-
ing season is fairly on there is very little time
for extra work of any kind. This is more
essential when women do the work in the
apiary than where this falls to the men, since
in the latter case the women are still free to
make or mend gloves and veils, and do any
other similar jobs, while, in the former, time
even for the most trivial task often can not be
found. Mrs. Millie Honaker.

Vernon Co., Wis.

(T

\=

Doctor Itlillcr 5 Qucstion^Sox

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

J

Probably Bee-Paralysls

What ails my bees? I have one Italian col-
ony that has quite a lot of dead bees in front
of the hive, and some are also crawling
around in front of the hive. They seem not
to be able to fly, and their intestines are full
of a bad-smelling excrement. The brood is
healthy and they are working well, but a good
many on the entrance of the hive can not fly.
Do you think that I would better burn it?

Michigan.

Answer. — Don't think of burning. The
trouble Is probably paralysis, which is not
likely to be very serious as far north as you
are; although in the South it maybe. You
can try sprinkling thoroughly with sulphur,
which O. O. Poppleton has found a cure.
Dust the bees with it.

Non-Swarming Bees— Increase-
Comb Over Top-Bars

1. I have C colonies of bees, and none of
them has swarmed yet. My neighbors' bees
swarmed a long time ago. I have mine all in
box-hives, and one colony began to cluster on
the front o( the hive the first day of June,
and has been clustering more or less ever
since, but has not swarmed yet. What do
you think is the trouble?

2. Will it do to build up nuclei and divide
colonies in July?

3. My bees build combs on the top of the
brood-frames and between the super. Is it
because there is too much room between the
frames and the supers! Iowa.

Answers. — 1. It is nothing strange; but
without knowing particulars it is not easy to
say just why one colony swarms and another
does not. It is possible that your bees have
more room, or younger queens, or that they
are more shaded. Possibly your bees are of
sueh disposition that they are not inclined to
swarm; and, in that case, you are to be
greatly congratulated. The one colony you
mention may have been clustering out for
want of room, yet with little disposition to
swarm.

2. Tes, you can start new colonies in
August, only the later you start them the
less they can be left to themselves. For ex-
ample, you might start a colony late in
August by giving it rapidly frames of sealed
brood with adhering bees, so as to fill up the
hive.

3. Tou are likely to have at least a little
building over top-bars no matter what you
do. The more crowded a colony is, the more
inclined to such work. If the space between
top-bars and sections is more than '4 inch,
the trouble will be aggravated.

Transferring— Bees Starting Queen-
Cells to Supersede

1. May 27 I tried to transfer a strong colony
from a large box-hive. No. 1. I turned the
hive up, then set hive No. 2' on it, and smoked
and hammered a lot of bees out into the hive.
I know I got the queen. After this I set the
hive back, aiming to drive again in 31 days.
After 4 or 5 days I took a peep at No. 2, which
] was on full sheets of foundation, and found
one frame with cells about half built, and
eggs in them. Another had queen-cells
started. After 4 or 5 days I took another
peep, and found another frame with eggs in,
also the one that had the queen-cells on it.
On taking a good look I find from 1 to 4 eggs
in a cell ; more of them had 4 than had 1, but
there were generally 3 and 3. I took the
frame out and put it in a nucleus to see what
will become of the cells. No. 1 should have
been ready to drive again June 18, but the
13th a very large swarm issued from it. Now
I am at a loss to know just when to drive
again, or just what to do, as I want them in a
frame hive.

2. Why should No. 2 want to rear a queen
when there is already a good queen in the
colony? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. After making your drive you
say you " set the hive back,'' by which I sup-
pose you mean you set the old hive back on
the old stand. That was a mistake. You
ought to have put the driven swarm on the
old stand and put the old hive on a new place.
Then the driven swarm would have gotten all

the flying force. As it was, you left the mother
colony strong, and as soon as the first virgin
queen was ready it sent out a swarm.

You will drive 3 weeks after the first drive,
just the same as if there had been no swarm-
ing.

3. It is a more common thing than is gen-
erally supposed for bees to start queen-cells
in a swarm soon after being hived, for the
sake of superseding the queen.

Ventilation of Hives

I use the Danzenbaker bottom-board, and
have practiced, in a limited way, putting a
piece of wire-cloth in the place of one-third
or one-half of the bottom, sliding that much
of the wooden bottom out. This is done for
the purpose of giving ventilation across the
bottom of the hive. Last year in no hive
with such an arrangement did the bees cluster
out evenings, while they did in the other
hives. This wire-cloth produces about one
inch more space beneath the frames, and
sometimes comb is built below the bottom-
bar. But the most serious drawback to the
plan is that during hot days the bees cover
the inside of the wire-cloth at the rear end of
the hive, apparently frantically trying to get
out, although the entrance at the front is
wide open, J^ inch by width of hive.

It would seem as if the time and energy of
several hundred bees was wholly wasted
every day. Possibly a small outlet at the
rear of the hive might relieve the situation.

Can you suggest any remedy? Is the ven-
tilation worth the drawback? I suppose the
light attracts the bees. I use this wire-cloth
only between June 15 and Aug. 31.

Massachusetts.

Answer. — The ventilation is probably well
worth the drawback. I don't know of any-
thing better than your suggestion of a small
outlet at rear of hive, unless it would be a
large outlet. You perhaps think the proper
place for the entrance is at the front, and
that well-behaved bees should be satisfied
with that. Well, now, you try giving a full
entrance at the rear, and I prophesy that not
a colony will use it as such, providing it is
not given till June.

Jleports a\\^
(Sxpertcnccs

Honey Crop a Failure

Honey is a complete failure in this locality.
In some of my strong colonies the bees have
not entered the supers, and some have starved
since spring. V. H. Tube.

Walker Co., Ala., June 20.

Worst Spring for Bees

This is the worst spring for bees I have
seen. I have fed mine 500 pounds of honey
since taking them out of the cellar, and have
lost 7 colonies from being robbed, with en-
trances "a closed. Lewis Lamkin.

Woodbury Co., Iowa, June 19.

Prices of Bee-Supplies

The first paragraph of that article, letter,
or whatever it may be, by Mr. Hasty, on page
34S, headed, "The Present Prices of Bee-Sup-
plies," is a sort of puzzler to me. Why he
doesn't want the price of sections any lower
he doesn't explain. He gives us the impres-
sion that he btlieves it would be contrary to
the spirit of Christ for bee-keepers to insist
on getting tbiiu at lower prices than those
given in the catalogs. I have read and be-
lieve the story of Jesus, from the immaculate
conception to the resurrection and ascension,
and find nothing in the wonderful record that
requires me to love my neighbor heUer than
myself. If it can be shown that the outside
prices charged for sections afford the makers

474

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6, 1905

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens tor several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETUllN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Caroiolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones
(after Aug. 1 to Caucasian drones) .

Prices until Oct. 1. I After Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for *6.00 | Untested 13 for $7.50

" 6 for 3.25 " 6 for 4.00

" 1 for 60 I " 1 for 75

Tested—

Each SI. 50

Breeders —

Each 3 00

27A13t

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill. Tenn.

If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everythitig used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Levy Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Naii

Untested Queen $ .75

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen S.OO

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

#

•».♦.•■
?♦?
••.♦.«■

I WALTER S. POUDER,

^ 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Bee-SuDPllGs!

Discount for Earlu Orders

^We carry a large stock and
greatest variety of everything
needed in the Apiary, assur-
ing BEST goods at the LOW-
EST prices, and prompt ship-
ments. We want every bee-
keeper to have our Frke Il-
lustrated Catalog, and
read description of Alterna-
ting Hives, Massie Hives, etc.
— iww^i^iw write at oncb for catalog

AQENCIES.— Trester Supply Co., I,incoln,NeD.; Shngart & Ouren, Council BlufEs,Iowa;
Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kan.: I. H. Myers, Lamar. Colo.; Southwestern Bee Co., 438
W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. KRETCHMER MFQ. CO., Red Oak, lowa.

I You Save 1-4 on Sections |

•5 By buying from us. The quality of our BEK SUPPLIIi'S is unchallenged. ^

jS We use only the Ijest materials in the manufacture of our Supjilies. The advanta- S^

!^ ges we have in location and the modern appliances for manufacturing same enable ^\

^f us to produce high-grade Supplies at nearly 25 percent less than competing houses, ^f;

• ^ We will give you the benefit of this 25 percent. Don't take our word for it, but ^.

•^ prove it by sending us a trial order. Satisfaction guaranteed 'ir money refunded. ^..

:^ Careful attention given to instructions. ^'

I JOHN DOLL & SON lOPpuEs |

.g Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

only a living profit, there would be justifica-
tion for Mr. Hasty's contention that bee-keep-
ers ought to pay catalog prices, but the fact
that parties not conspicuous in the business
are making and selling sections below these
prices, is conclusive evidence that some folios
are malting some money they are not justly
entitled to. That the people who are malting
and selling sections at lower prices than those
made by great establishments are in the busi-
ness for pleasure or health is not to be sup-
posed. I am willing to give the other fellow
all that is justly his due, and a little more, if

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice Killing-Machine

klUt »U Ilea *nd mlteB. No Injury to blrda or fMtb-
era UandleB &oy fowl, emaUest chiok to lufeat
gobbler. Mftdein three Bitea. P^b for lUelf drBt
aeaeon. Also Lightning Liet Kiiling Puurdtr,
Poultry BiU, Lice Alurdtr. etc. WeiecureBpecl*!
luweipr»BBrftt«a. C»Ulof aent fr»e. Writeforlt

CHARLES SGHILD CO.
401 Detroit St., Cleveland, OUO

H0NEY=JAR5.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one
pound of honey net, one gross In case complete
in 5-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4-50 per gross, fo.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 & 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicnltnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive.
Yi.iu rant have healthy, protitable
fowls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptlT kills all insect vermin «nd
makes sittinu hens comfortable.
Sample 10c; 100 oz.. H.OO by expiess.
O. K. STOCK FOOI> CO.,
r>. J. Lanii>ert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bldf., Cbleuso, IIL

W) BiBQi ts o% Q mojj ssnt pay
o IRQ oo aaAaiji

■ ^ 2

■9Q a m j.,,.^ I8J8, .g-jj "US i; 1UU3 t^

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinc

July 6, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

475

COLUMBIA

ONE=PIECE SECTIONS

JUNE BARGAIN— Stock C.

following prices

I

We have 300,000 No. 2 — 4 1-4 x 1 7-8 open-top Sections to move OUICK at the V

1000— $3.00
3000— 8.50

5000— $13.75
10.000— 25.00

These Sections are extra good grade of No. 2, and we know will please you.

Send your order quick.

COLUMBIA MFG. CO.

AlfTIGO, WIS.

23Atf

FINE QUEENS

By Return flail. From my

3 and 5 banded lodgtongued
Italians. Tested, *l; war-
ranted tested, 75c; untested,
60c; no disease. I g^uaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW
R. F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

Wanted

The names and addresses of
those in the U. S. who expect
to buy honey in car or less
than car lots during r*OS.
The St. Croix Valley Honey-Producers' Ass'a,
26A3t Glen WOOD Wis.

$12.25 to Buffalo, N. Y.,

and return, via Nickel Plate Road, from
Chicago, July 8th, 9th, and 10th, with
extreme return limit of Aug. -^th, by
depositing ticket. Stop-over allowed
at Chautauqua Lake points. Also low-
est rates to Ft. Wayne. Cleveland, Erie
and other eastern points. Three trains
daily, with first-class equipment. Meals
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars, on
American Club Meal Plan, ranging in
price from 35c to $1.00; also service a la
carte. No excess fare charged on any
train on the Nickel Plate Road. If con-
templating an eastern trip, write John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago, III. Chicago
Depot, cor. Van Buren and La Salle
Sts.,the only passenger station in Chi-
cago on the Elevated Railroad Loop.
13— 25A3t

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I am able, and he claims something because
of his necessities, but I believe that the spirit
of " Live and let live," should be a part of the
other fellow as well as of me.

When he comes to the matter of hives Mr.
Hasty talks a little differently. He adminis-
ters a very mild and harmless kick to the
hinder parts of what seems to be taking shape
in his mental vision as a bee-supply-makers'
trust. Later, Mr. Hasty exhibits admirable
fighting qualities when he sees this possible
trust fastening a "yoke," which, of course,
will be of no possible use till it has been ad-
justed to the necks of the bee-keeping world.
He administers a most vigorous and well-de-
served kick right in the stomach of the possi-
ble "octopus" in the presence and to the
pleasure of applauding bystanders. These
by-standers are saying for his encouragment,
"Lay on, McDuff. " 1 refrain from adding
that part of the exclamation which follows
the copula. Edwin Bevins.

Decatur Co., Iowa.

Poor PFOspeets for White Honey

June 6 Henry Alley reported, " Too dry for
clover." I can report from western Pennsyl-
vania, " Too wet for bees. " The weather is
very warm, with a thunder-storm every after-
noon, and often another during the night.
There will be but little white honey in west-

■• The KiN(i of V'ouUr^-. '~ Larg*
size, good layers oi finest eggs.
Hardy and fearless, the best all
Inurpose fowl. Willow legs and
Bay eyes. Illustrated circular.
26thyear. H. H. FLICK,
MANCHESTER. MD.

QUEENS i

We have secured the services S
of one of the best Queen special- Q
ists in the U. S. Over 20 years' S
experience rearing Queens. Our q
Yard is stocked with select breed-
ers from the best yards in Amer-
ica, and can send Queens by re-
turn mail.

For Qo66n§

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year;
Tested, SI ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for $3.'25 ; 10 for
$6; 15 for *8.25; 25 for $12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3:'21.) 6Atf

Clease mention Bee Journal -when ^trritine.

0 Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

0 Untested Queens $ .75

§ Select Untested Queens 1.00

X Tested Queens l.SO

0 Select Tested Queens 2.50

I GRIGGS BROS,

0 521 Monroe Street,

S TOL.H3DO, OHIO. S

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltiuK AdTertlsers.

476

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6. 1905

QneeDs by Return Mail

The StaMdara-Bred kind, reared by some of the
best queen-breeders in America, and warranted purely
mated. Sent by return mail at these prices ;

One Untested Queen for 75 cents; 3 for*2.10; or 6
tor $4.00.

An Untested Italian Queen-Bee
FREE as a Premium

■ For Sending One New Subscriber ^=^=^

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a tine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian CJueen to the person who complies with the following conditions, all.
of which must be strictly followed ;

I. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2 Sending your own name with Sl.OO for the Bee Journal will not entitle yon
to a Queen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a MEW subscriber; which means,
further that the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one; and also, the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
he made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away— they must be
earned in a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

If you can not get a new subscriber, and want one or more of these Queens, we
will send the American Bee Journal a year and a Queen— both for only $1.50.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK 8 CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

^

(J. B. Uwis Co's Goods at Faelory Prices

We carry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It'i
free Foundation Cutter free with each order, if you state where you saw this ad.

NORRIS & ANSPACH, Kentoti, Ohio.

13\tf

ern New York or Pennsylvania. There is no
prospect for a change for the better. The
grass crop is simply immense, but whether or
not it can be made into hay remains to be
seen. The cultivator and hoe are lying idle,
while weeds flourish in all hoed crops.

Warren Co., Pa., June 20. W. J. Davis, 1st.

you and your B66S

WILL LIKE

"THE ELGIN HIVE"

A proven success Not an experiment

" The Elgin " is comprised of fewer
pieces than any other knocked-down
hive. No nailing required to put it to-
gether. Any man, woman or child can
assemble The Elgin in a few minutes.
Saves labor, trouble and racked nerves.
No pattern, diagram or book of in-
structions needed in order to set it up.

We are

Manuiacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

Simplicity of construction is such that
mistakes are impossible. Standard
size brood-frames, supers and other ac-
cessories perfectly fit " The Elgin."

Material and workmanship unex-
celled. Patent corners of metal make
it air and water tight, and prevent
warping. Made in 8 and 10 frame
sizes. Special sizes if desired.

Eat us figure on your Bee-Supplies—
Hives, Sections, Frames, Foundation,
etc. GOOD GOODS. SATISFACTORY
PRICES.

Send to-day for illustrated circular
and prices of " The Elgin." It will
pay you.

The National Supply Co.

E. End Kimball St. Bridge, ELGIN. ILL.

27A3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so we can fill yonr order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
S^band Italians; they will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$S oer doz. Tested Quei-ns, $1 each. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW &, CO.

13Atf LoRBAOViLLE, Iberia Par., LA.

SPECIAL !

Closing out a large quantity of No. 2 SECTIONS as
long as they last, at $3.50 per thousand.
Write for Catalog.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

WhatAdel Bees Do

E. Milton, Mass., May 27, 1905.
Send me queen same strain as the one sent
1904 That queen proved the best queen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
15 1905. RoBT. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are $1 each.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

we Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let ns quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
frei^hL Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

" M. H. HUNT* SON.

Bbll Branch, Waynb Co., Mich

July 6, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

477

u

DADAIT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

It." it.« -ilr -If?

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

'^ -^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

I

OP ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian Queens

Untested, after June 15, 75c; Tested, Sl.OO;

Breeders — tbe very best, 85.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. IVALXER S. HOHS.

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

VIRGINIA QUEENS iTrj^ir^ir/Af.

of careful selection from red-clover qneens and
Buperior stock obtained from W. Z. Hatchinsoa.
Untested qaeens, 7Sc; alter Jane 15, oOc; tested
qneens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, fl.OO. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
17A.2ot Fredericksburg, Va.

40-Pase Catalog Free!
Full Information regardlDK all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, Best goods. Latest Im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hives and Fixtures'
Prompt shipments. JOHN Nsbel & Son Supply
Co., High Hill. Mo. 3Dtf

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' Assr-
ciatioQ will hold its naxt meetini^ at Collee'e
Station, with the Farmers' Congress, July 25,
26 and 27, 1903. These annnal meetings are usu-
ally largely attended and are pleasant and
profitable occasions. Visiting bee-keepers from
other States are cordially invited to be present
with us W. H. Laws, Pres.

IiODis H. ScHOLL, Sec.-Treas.

National. — The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-lieepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will

Oct. 30, and continue three

begin Monday,
days.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be a.t the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer long sound of a), corner of Houston
and .Jefferson Sts., and rates are only SI 00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLOCN ITALIANS
By Raturn Mall. Safa Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.ICS1S. ONC SIX T

lad $0.75 »*.00 S

Untaatad 1.00 5.00

I 1.50 8 00

Taatad 2.00 1 0 00 1

Salaet Braadara, aaeh $3.00

Twe-frama Nuelaua and Rad Clevar Quaan 3.00

Untastad .

Salaet Untaatad
Taatad
Saiact Taatad

THE FRED W. IVIUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SECTIONS

Millions of Sections. You want quick de-
livery. We have the facilities for executing
orders promptly. Remember that

C\%*r»\\4--%T 's the first consideration

^UdlllV about Sections. "Lewis'
Sections" means highest
quality. Do nut be misled by low prices. A
clean-cut, brilliant, white section enhances
the price of your honey.

Shipping-Cases

Order your supply now. Pack your honey
in cases before storing away ; this keeps them
in a bri^'ht, clean condition. We invite your
inquiries. We can ship promptly.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

27A4t

Davenport. Iowa.

Please mention Bee Journal
when 'h'rUlng advertisers.

478

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6, 1905

LEWIS' SECTIONS,

SHIPPING-CASES.

-A.ND A FULL LINE OF-

BEE-SUPPLIES BY RETURN
FREIGHT OR EXPRESS.

SEND TO

H. M. Abnd, Manager.

York Honey -^^&P^t^- Co.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog; and prices on Honey on application. If you want Good Goods

at factory Prices and I»ronipt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange

— delivered here.

DiuniBr's Founflaiion is lu bbsi.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
Increase over 1903. a...

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Tl'^'^f.ZnTo^Tlfoi'rOnl^'i^ ile^ntirdanada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

** Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. S

>urI3:I^V'ES and seotioits I

Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material. S

S By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and 0

0 secure prompt shipment. S

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us.a |

Millions of Sections
SliiDDin2-Cases?8S§DA?rN"

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee-Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thing the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Qoods in Indian-
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received in the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 7Sc; Select Untested, $1.00; Tested, SI. 00; Select Tested,

82.00.

C«« ^k^\r> I I' O f^f\ 1004- East Wash. Street
■ Ivli SCO I I OC WW! INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ♦* •l••^ •!-*
N B — A Porter Bee-Escape, or Its equivalent, FREE with first order, if yon say where you saw
this ad -"^^ <ocoa>on He" Jouruai waan vrrtaix.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOYETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Here is the Best of All

The Modern Farmer . .$ .50
Agricultural Epitomist .25
Green's Fruit Grower. .50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings 1.00

2750

All for an even $1.00. Without Glean-
ings, SO cents.

THE nODERN FARHER,

ST. JOSEPH, MO.
^ease mftntJOD Bee Jonrraj -wtieij wntma

1 1-2 STORY

8-frame HIVES, either plain, or bee-way su
pers, $1.00. No. 1 Sections, $4 00 for 1,000. 24-lb.
Shipping-Cases, $13.00 for 100; 121b., $8.00 for
100; 20-lb. Danz., $11.00 for 100.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc., by the Car*Load One year's subscription
to Bee Journal free with orders of $10 or over.
Send for free list. BERRY BASKETS AND
CRATES in stock. W. D. SOPER,

loctf Rt. 3. Jackson, MICH.

Please mention Bee journal wnen ■wntine.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIRERT

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE
OF PHRENOLOGY

Incorporated 1S66 by Special Act of the New
York Legislature, opens its next session the
first Wednesday in September. For particu-
lars apply to the Secretary, care of

FOWLER & WELLS CO.

24 East 22d Street, Nkw York, N.Y.
27C2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Queens

FOR SALE

In all their purity, at the following prices:
Untested (Red Clover) 75c; Tested, Jl.aS;
Breeder, .?5.00.

ELDON WOODflRD

ASHVILLE, Chautauqua Co., N. Y.

27Ctf (Route t'b)

you say it will.'
Address,

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address, „„_^.,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44At£ KNOXVILLE, TENN.

jyj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.
Please mention Bee Journal wbeu writing.

July 6. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

479

B66§UDDlIl

Guaranteed Superioritu !

Lowest Prices] i

We have been making' Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

The AmericanBee Keeper

CMontbly, so cts- » Year.)
The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

ITA.L.IA.N'

Bees,Queens and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
poned stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untetted queen $ .65

One tested queen 'JO

One select tested queen. . 1.10

One breeding queen 1.65

One comb nucleus (no

queen) 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrhal guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
prices. J- »>• SXK«>I%G.

304 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, bujing or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 SOUTH Watbr ST. Chicago. III.

Imported Carniolan Queens !

Price: Select Imported Queen direct from
Carniola, ^4 00. Write for rates for 3 or more.
RALPH BENTON,
37A2t 935 N St. N. W.. Washington, D.C.
^ease mention Bee Jouma' when -writinE

HanT' Comb Foundation Mills

Honey Glassware

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Haod Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

Ji-lb. and 1-lb. Octagon Xip-Xop <jJIa»8
Honey-Jars. Prices: Ji-pounds, $4.50a
gross; 3 gross tor ?13. 1-lb., 1 gross, ?5.25;
3 gross for -^H.SO. Address,

YORK HONEY l^^p^^^y^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

COffiPLETE STOCK FOR 1905 NOW ON HARD.
FREIGHT RATES FROM CINCINNATI ARE THE LOWEST,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH,

AS ALL FREIGHT

NOW GOES THROUGH OINCINNATI.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed Free.

Send for same.

Discounts allowed on early orders. Take advantage by

ordering now.

Book orders for GOLDEN ITALIANS, RED CLO-
VERS and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

H;^ For prices refer to my Catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

^oncy anb
4- ^ccstr>ax-f

Chicago. June 19.— Tbe little that sells con-
sists cbiefly of extracted and the market is a
small one. Comb i a ages from 12@l2i^c for the
best while with off g-,'ades l@3c less. Extracted,
white, 5H(«7c; ambei, 5@6c. Beeswax, ready
sale at 30c. K. A. Burnbtt & Co.

Cincinnati, June 2. — There is only a fair de-
mand for honey at the present time. We quote
amber extracted honey in barrels at 4^@6c. ac-
cording- to quality. White clover extracted at
6J^(Si8c, The comb honey market is practically
closed for the summer. Beeswax, 29c.

The Fred W.Muth Co.

Boston, May 23. — Our honey market contin-
ues very dull, with very little movement to be
noted. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1,
12Ji@l3c. Extracted, from 6@8c, according to
quality. Blakb, Scott & Lee.

Philadelphia, June 21.— As the season ad-
vances, there is very little call for comb honey.
In fact, no sales, and we make no quotations.
Commission men are accepting any offer they
can get for what little stock they have on hand.
Extracted honey is in some demand, t'osst-
bilities of a bifif crop are holding prospective
buyers back. We quote: Fancy white, 7@"Hc;
amber, 6(^7c; dark,5M®f>c. Beeswax in good
demand, 29@30c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Albany, N.Y., June 17.— The honey market
here is very d nil now. It is between seasons.
Receipts and demand very light. Very little
old crop carried over, and will be in good shape
for new crop, which begins in Angust Quota-
tions are nominal now. White comb, 12('< He;
mixed. 10(gH2c; dark, IOl' lie. Extracted, white,
6@6Hc; mixed, 5Hi@6c; dark, 6@b^c. Beeswax,
28@30c. U.R. Wright.

Kansas City, June 21. — There is very little
comb or extracted honey on the market at pres-
ent, but what there is is being quoted as fol-
lows: Kancy white comb, 24 section cases, $2 25
to $2-50; No. 1 white and amber, $1.75 to $2,00.
Extracted, per pound,4)4fS*6c. Beeswax, 25(si28c.
C. C. Clbmons & Co.

New York, June I''.— The comb houey mar-
ket is very quiet and we are hardly justified in
making quotations, Some few loisa^e sold here
and there at I3c for fancy, and 10@12c for lower
grades, but no large blocks could be moved at
these figures. There 's still considerable of
last year's crop unsolJ,part of which, no doubt,
will have to be carric-i over until the fall. Ex-

tracted honey in fairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6i^(5t7c for
water-white, 0(5 6Kc for white, and 5@5J6c for
light amber. Southern at £0'f}60cper gallon
according lo quality. Beeswax somewhat de
dining; choice average stock selling at 2*?c.

Hildreth a Sboblken

Cincinnati, O., June 9. —There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is in usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7(ai8c; amber, in barrels, at 5%@5(^c; in cans,
5^@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. fl. W. Wbbek.

Denver, June 26.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enough of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new crop com*s in; the same is
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sectioDS, $2(a^2.2o; No. 2. $1.75@$2. White
extracted, 6}^f<' 7>4c per pound. Beeswax, 26c.
The Colo. Honey-Produceks' Assn.

San Francisco, June 21.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, 11@— cents; amber, 8<^10c. Extracted,
white, 5Ji@— cents; light amber, 4@454c; am-
ber, 3@3S4c; dark amber, 2Ji@— c. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.

Samples of new crop are on the market, with
asking prices mainly within range of 4@5J^c
per pound in carload lots at primarv points for
amber to water-white extracted. Some hand-
lers estimated thisjear's yield of California
honey at 2S0 carloads. This quantity has been
materially exceeded in some previous years,
but it is doubtful if the crop reaches the above
mark this season.

DOOLITTLE'S

Partner telling his
best girl about the
line

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one of their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

llDtf Borodino, Onondaea Co., N. V.
f lease menticr. Bee journal wlien wrltls^

480

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 6, 1905

We Cai\ Skip You
The Finest Sections on Earth

WHICH ARE

LEWIS'
SECTIONS

IMMEDIATELY

ON RECEIPT OF ORDER

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown,Wis.

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert. Acton.
California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO
Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

National Bee= Keepers' Convention at 5an Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 30, 31 and Nov. i.

a\nenca/>

Bee Journal

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YOFK £ CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 13, 1905

No. 28

(

MR. ntsbwander's bee-supplt store (See page 486j

.lOSEPH NTSEWaSUEK

462

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 13, 19jS

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE yt. YORK &CONPAISY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE BTIBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal la
$1,110 a year, in the United States. Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 6U
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPBR-LABEIj DATE Indicates the
endof the month towhioh your subscriptio ■ jspsi.i.
For instance, "dec<i6" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 19o4,

STTBSCRIPTION KECBIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING BATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

1st.— To promote the intereels of its members.

2d.— To protect and detcnd its members in their
lawful riehts. , . . .^ ^ ,.. .. *

3d.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration oi
jjoney*

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer-

N.K.lKANCE.Platteville, Wis.

laf If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
onblishers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tiie Honey-Producers' League

I INCOKPOKATEDI

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. to publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEVIBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee ot $i.U(> for each
2») (or fraction of 2'i) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

•2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual pavment of a fee of $10. increased by one-
fltth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keepina.

George W. York. Manager.

3d4 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Queen*Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to tiie
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
ittOfi, we will Kive an untested Ithlian queen for
sending usONE NEW subscription with Sl.nu forthe
Bee Journal a year. Now is the lime to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the oflBce of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY-JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal serew cap, holdiog- one
pound of honey net, one ^ ross in case complete
in 5-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less qnantities,
$4.50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

UAtf Please meution the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEAR! OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over J^ of
the bee-keepers of Mkhigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Ldw Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

28A12t FREMONT. MICH,

i^ease mentlou Bee joumaj wlien ^ntua^

«« If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES I

00 0

Root's Goods aiRooi's Prices |

0
0
0

0
0

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosler Strain Italian dueen-Bees by Return Nail

Untested Queen * .75

Select Untested Qneen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. POUDER,

«

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

"iTTf? TfTTfrTf*' -jjiiT 'T,*- -i,|T -J.,*- -,.^-i,|.- -j.^.- -^ir -^ -j., ,«■ ■(•,,»- -i.,..- -jjip- -^f *• -j.,? -i.|,«- -i;|7-j.|«- -(.,»■ i^i^

STANDARD BRED

QUEENS.

BUCKCYE STRAIN RED CLOVER,

GOLDEN ITALIANS

By Return Mall. Smtm Arriva

1 Guaranteed.

PR.IOH1S.

Untastad

Select Unteatad

Tasted

Select Teated

ONE SIX TWCLVC

$0.75 $4.00 $7. SO
1.00 SCO 9 00
1.50 8 00 15.00
2.00 10 00 18.00

Select Breeders, each

Two-frame Nucleus and Red Clover Q

$3.00

ueen 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO., |

No. 51 WALNUT ST..

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

LEWIS' SECTIONS,

SHIPPING-CASES.

-AND A FUI,I, LINB OF-

BEE-SUPPLIES BY RETURN
FREIGHT OR EXPRESS.

SEND TO

York Honey

H. M. AUXD. Manager.

AND BEE
-SUPPLY

Co,

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood <iioo«l!»
at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Xd^JmS^

Julyi3, 190S THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 483

i"DADANT'SFOFNDATIOI"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

x « BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

>«'«<!!«<OOOGGOOOiOOOOi0000000000090000fi'

COLUMBIA §

ONE=PIECE SECTIONS ^

JUNE BARGAIN— Stock C.

s

We have 300,000 No. 2—4 1-4 x 1 7-8 open-top Sections to move OUICK at the Q

following prices

1000— $3.00 5000— $13.75

3000— 8.50 10,000— 25.00

I

These Sections are extra good grade of No. 2, and we know will please you. O

Send your order quick. O

COLUMBIA MFG. CO. h

Q ANTIGO, WIS. S

484

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 13, 1905

HONEY CROP

Already the harvest has commenced, Now is the lime to think of packages. Don't make the great mistake of neglecting this point.
Ton may lose the entire profit of the year by shipping your honey in poor packages. Appearance counts in the market. When you buy
ROOT'S GOODS you are sure of the best. Sections and Shipping-Cases ; in fact, everything for the bee-keeper, can be promptly obtained
at Root's Branches or Agencies everywhere.

PRICE-LIST OF AIKIN HONEY BAGS.

No-Drip Shlpplug-Cases

Don't allow your Comb Honey to be sold at low prices on account
of poor Shipping-Cases. Put your crop into Root's No-Drip Cases
and it will reach the market in perfect condition, thus bringing satis-
factory returns. Our Cases are made of selected basswood, with 2 or
3 inch glass front, which shows off the honey to the very best advan-
tage. Below is a condensed price-list. Complete prices and particu-
lars are found in our general catalog.

Shipping-Cases.
Name and Size of Case.

12-in. 4-row for 4J^ section .
10-in. 4-row
12-in. 2-row
10-in. 2-row
16-Mn. 2-row
8-in. 3-row
■6Ji-in. 3 row
7)j-in. 4-row for 4x5
7>s-in. 3-row "

93^-ln. 4-row for3,?^x5
•6jJ-in. 3-row "

Price complete
including 3-in.
glass one side,
nails and pa-
per, in fiat.

1 10 100

2 00
2 00
1 30
1 20
1 50
1 30
1 20
1 80
1 40
1 80
1 40

CO I

bCiM
B O

?18 00
17 00

11 00

10 50

12 00

11 50
11 00
16 00

13 00
16 00
11 50

SI"
16
10
10
11
10
10

a ,
O (C •

r3 tfl O

$16 00
15 00
10 00

9 00
U 00
10 00

9 50
14 00
10 50
14 00
10 00

Porter Bee-Escape

The great labor-saver. No well-regulated apiary can afford to be
without it more than a smoker.

Price 20c each ; $2 25 per dozen, prepaid.

Price with board, 35e; $3 20 for 10, not postpaid.

Alkiu Honey-Bags

r^ Don't fail to try this package. It is row an established success.
No los3 by breakage. Easy to till. No package so cheap and attrac-
tive.^ Develop a home iiade that will prove very profitable.

Capacity

1-pound bags

2-pound bags

3}.^-pound bags

5-pouDd bags

10-pound bags

Printing name and address
extra

Size

3Kx5K

5 x7^

6 x9J^

7 xlO
10xlO>^

100

Price of

500 1000

$

65

80

1 00

1 20

1 50

30

S3 00

3 75

4 75

5 50

7 00

5 50
7 00

10 00
13 50

1 00

Wt of

1000

10
18
28
85
45

May be sent by mail at ISc per pound extra for postage and packing.

The Simplex Jar

The handsomest glass package on the market.
It's a package .tou need not be ashamed of. and
will find its way beside the finest of the grocery
shelves. Create a demand for your honey.

This is a new jar with glass screw-top and rub-
ber gasket fitted to the taper screw on jar, which
seals absolutely air-tight Put up in re-shipping
cases of 2 dozen jars each, with corrugated pro-
tectors.

Price $1.10 per case; 6 cases (gj SI. 05 ; 20 cases
or more («:$1.00.

Honey-Labels

We print them. Write for our sample book.

Mmf]'

5-Gallou Square Cans

The above cut shows the favorite package for shipping extracted
honey. There is no shrinkage and consequent leaking; no taint to
the honey from wood, as is so frequently the case with barrels and
kegs. The cans, being made square, economize space, and are easily
boxed. They are used exclusively in the far West. Take 4th class
freight-rate.

PRICE LIST OF SQUARE CANS.

No. in
a box.

Capacity of each can
in gallons, in honey.

1 Pric
1 1 box.

e of
10 bxs.

Wt. of
Ibox.

1

5-gal. can boxed

60 lbs.

S 55

85

1 50

1 50

S 5 00

S 00

14 00

14 00

10 lbs.

2

5 gal. "

60. "
12 "

15 "

10

1-gal "

20 "

12

i-,<-gal. "

6 "

20 "

Catalog sent by Return Hall.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY

HEDINA, OHIO

Other sizes, other styles. Screw-cap Honey-Gates, Wrenches,
etc., etc. Complete catalog free.

BRANCHES

GhicaQO, 144 E. Erie St.

Philadelphia, 10 Vine St.

New yorl(, 44 Veseu St

( Entered at the PoBt-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
PubUcilied YVeekly al »1.00 a fear by tieorge W. York Sc Co., 334 Mearborn tit.

OeOROB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 13, 1905

VoLXLV— No.28

Bottom-Starters in Sections

Od another page in this number, Dr. Miller
makes a strong plea for the value of starters
of comb foundation at the bottom as well as
the top of feotions. But it must not be for-
gotten that bottom-starters are one of the
Doctor's own inventions, and every one is
partial to his own baby. Do others who have
tried them find the same advantages? It cer-
tainly is more work to put double the number
of starters in a section, and there should be
no small gain to warrant so much trouble.

Another thing : By his own confession Dr.
Miller is troubled with poor seasons; in a
good season is there any advantage — or,
rather, a sufficiently paying advantage — in
having bottom-starters?

To those not familiar with the matter, it
may be well to explain that a bottom-starter
% of an inch deep is fastened in the bottom
of the section, and the top starter comes do«n
to within about' a fourth of an inch of the I
bottom one. (See illustration on page 4.'56. )

Some beginner is likely to say, " Why not
make the top-starter deep enough to come
clear down to the bottom-bar of the section?"
Because if that is done the foundation will
stretch enough to allow it to buckle and bend
over to one side, making the section a bulger.
If a very small space is left to allow for
stretching, the bees are likely, especially in a
6low yield, to keep a space between the
starter and the bottom-bar. The space be-
tween the two starters allows for the stretch-
ing, and the bottom-starter prevents any
space being left next to the bottom-bar of
the section.

Comb Honey and The League

In the Chicago Daily News for .June 21
appeared the following, which, we believe,
would be a good thing to have published in
every newspaper in the land :

Comb Honey

In March, 19<.I5, there was formed in Chi-
cago, and incorporated the following month
in Illinois, an organization called The Honey-
Producers' League. One of its objects is " to

publish facts about honey and counteract
Diisrepresentations of the same." It is hoped
through the efforts of this League, with the
co-operation of the leading newepapers and
magazines of our country, to turn the tide in
favor of the use of honey as a daily food, and
also, as before stated, to endeavor to correct
the popular delusion that comb honey is a
man-made article.

Some 3.5 years ago a noted " professor," in
order to work off a superabundance of " fun,"
as he termed it, published the statement that
honey-comb was manufactured, then filled
with glucose and sealed over, all with appro-
priate machinery. It seems that the prefs of
those days was waiting to welcome such a
yarn and forthwith scattered the news
throughout the length and breadth of the
land, ft was so well done, and seemed to be
so eagerly swallowed by the public, that its
unfortunate repetition has been going on dur-
ing all the years. The very best of metro-
politan dailies of largest circulations, have
been deceived by the comb-honey misrepresen-
tations, and have unwittingly aided in its
further dissemination.

Almost for the last 20 years there has been
a standing offer of $1000 made by a reputable
firm for just one pound of the so-called manu-
factured comb honey. But if there is any
such article in existence, strange to say no
one has as yet proved his claim to the reward
offered. The fact is, comb honey has never
been made except by bees, as otherwise it is a
mechanical impossibility.

It is true that the liquid honey — honey
taken from the original honey-comb by cen-
trifugal force — is sometimes adulterated with
glucose and offered as a pure article, but the
various State food laws are fast getting after
such adulteration, and either compelling its
true labeling or driving it from the open mar-
ket. At least since the passage and enforce-
ment of such laws in various States adulter-
ated liquid honey is disappearing from the
field of food products.

To sum up, then, any comb honey found
upon the market in small wooden frames can
be relied upon as being absolutely pure bees'
honey. Of course, the flavor may not always
be the same, as each nectar-yielding variety
of flower produces honey of its own peculiar
aroma, just as the pure maple sugar or syrup
tastes of the maple and not of the beech or
oak.

It may be said, further, that the prospects
for a generous crop of honey to be harvested
throughout the country the next two or three
months seem to be excellent at this time. So,
in all probability, there will be plenty of this
most healthful sweet for every inhabitant in

in the land, and each should see to it that he
gets his share. George W. York,

Manager The Honey-Producers'' League.

If any of our readers will try to have this
published in their local newspapers, we will
be pleased to furnish copies of it printed from
type-writer type, on one side of the paper,
which can simply be handed to the local edi-
tor with the request to publish.

If the above liriet item could be gotten into
several thousand newspapers within the next
two or three months, we believe it would help
the sale of honey tremendously, and would also
go far toward overcoming the evil effect of
the manufactured-comb-honey story that has
been going the rounds of the newspaper press
for so many years.

If any of our readers can use the article
that appeared in the Daily News, as published
herewith, let us know, and we will be pleased
to furnish a type-written copy of it, on re-
ceipt of a 2-cent stamp.

Since the foregoing was written, we have
received several marked copies of the Phila-
delphia Press, of which Hon. Chas. Emory
Smith is the editor-in-chief. Mr. "SVm. A.
Selser, a member of The Honey-Producers'
League, had an interview with him, and, as a
result. Editor Smith published the following
as an editorial in the Press for June 34:

Honey and Pure Food

Pure food has its myths as well as every
other crusade for reform.

The ingenious story printed as a Sunday
special in the supplement of a number of
papers by a Newark correspondent, who made
a business of furnishing ingenious hoaxes,
that honey was made of glucose and forced
into combs made of paraffin, has remained for
20 years the bane of the honey industry and
the sport of the exchange editor.

The old story is still in circulation, passes
through that devious orbit which begins with
the syndicate, passes to the Sunday special,
finds its way to the patent insert, is repeated
by more reputable weeklies, taken up again
by some ingenious writer and started again
on its syndicate course.

The Honey Producers' League, formed in
Chicago last March, has enlisted itself in the
effort to end this myth. For years it appears
there has been a standing offer of *1000 for
any honey of this character. In the nature
of things, neither paraffin combs nor glucose
filling can W prepared and sold at the price
at which actual honey can be furnished.
Liquid honey, separated from the comb, is
sometimes adulterated, but any bee-keeper is
aware that it is impossible by artificial means

486

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 13, 1905

to counterfeit the disposition of Ijoney in the
comb as made by the ingenious and busy but
non-adulterating bee.

Honey was the earliest of sweets. It un-
doubtedly began the human preference for
sweets by its consumption in the days of the
Lemur and the later Simian ancestor who
succeeded the Lemur in the chain of human
development. It produces none of the dietetic
disturbances due to either beet or cane sugars.
Its production steadily increases in this coun-
try. Its consumption grows, and. in time, if
The Honey-Producers' League accomplishes
all that it proposes, people will undoubtedly
understand that no food is so free from adul-
teration as honey in the comb.

I

Surely, bee-lieepers owe Editor Smith a big
vote of thanks for the above utterance. We
hope the honey-producing readers of the
Philadelphia Press will write and thank him
for it. We have already done so as Manager
of The Honey-Producers' League.

Let us urge again that all of our readers
who have any influence with the editors of
their local newspapers, request them to pub-
lish the short article on " Comb Honey,"
which was published in the Chicago Daily
News.

r

niisccllancous Hetps Stems

=\

v

Mr. J. T. Calvert, of The A. I. Root Co.,
dropped in to see us last week when on a trip
among some of the bee-supply manufacturers
of the Northwest.

Southern Bee-Keepers' Association.

—This Association is sending out a very neat
little booklet containing the program of its
second annual convention to be held at Savan-
nah, Ga., .July 5, with some beautiful illus-
trations. Wisely, the program is not so
crowded with long papers as to prevent im-
promptu discussion. Those who can not
attend the convention are asked to become
members by sending 50 cents to the secretary-
treasurer, Judson Heard, of Macon, Ga.

Mr. H. G. Quirin, of Ohio, according to
a half-column write-up in the Cincinnati
Enquirer, Is making a small fortune from
producing honey and rearing queens. It
figures an annual output of queens at 3000,
selling at $1 to $6, or an average of *2 each,
or $6000. Then it also estimates $1780 from
the sale of honey and bees. We think Mr.
Quirin, or any other queen-breeder and
honey-producer, would like to see the man
(or woman) who gets ¥"780 annually from
the sources mentioned. Truly, if such were
the ca'se, there would be a grand rush into
the business.

Mr. Jos. Nysewander, of Des Moines,
Iowa, is perhaps as large a dealer in bee-keep-
ers' supplies as there is outside of the ranks
of the manufacturers who also do a retail
business. It was our good fortune to visit
him on .lune 14, coming from the Kretchmer
Mfg. Co., of whom we wrote last week in
these columns. We walked into the office
about 11 a.m., and found both Mr. and Mrs.
Nysewander hard at work taking care of the
correspondence which was just bordering on
a "rush," as the bees of their many custo-
mers had begun to hustle on the thousands of
acres of white clover bloom that was begin-
ning to yield its nectar so bountifully.

For 22 years Mr. Nysewander has been in
the bee-supply business in Des Moines. He's
not an old man, either. He's just about the
right age to be in his prime. So is his good
wife. They certainly make a big team. They
unfortunately have no children, so Mrs. N.
helps in the office in the l:)usy season. It is a
fine sort of partnership, " All in the family,"
you see. And all the family in it, too.

We would hardly iiie to tell how much
business Mr. Nysewander did last year, but

it was quite satisfactory to him. And he
must have satisfied a good many customers
else the total sales would not have been so
large,

Mr. N. owns the building shown on the
first page. The lower two floors in width and
the basement are used for the bee-supply
business, and the upper two floors are divided
into four apartments, which are rented to
families at a good price. So it is a profitable
as well as a convenient building for its owner.
Mr. and Mrs. Nysewander reside some dis-
tance from their office. They had just sold

They had not changed a bit, unless it be for
the better. And the success they have
achieved is all deserved. May their tall
shadows ne'er grow shorter, nor less in width.

Home Apiary of Stanley Bros.—

Arthur and William H. Stanley are old-time
bee-keepers in Lee Co., 111. And neither of
them is yet an old man. We called on them
when on our way back to Chicago from our
Iowa trip, June 15. They own about 300
colonies of bees between them, located in
several apiaries besides the home apiary, one
of which is in Clark Co., Wis. We believe
all are run for comb honey except the Wis-
consin apiary, which is devoted to the pro-
duction of extracted.

Mr. Arthur Stanley is the inventor of the
Stanley Queen-Incubator, which is a success
in the hands of the queen-breeder.

When we were there the white clover was
just beginning to yield, and so the bees were
getting busy. Up to that time feeding
seemed to be the order of the day, and for
many days, as there had been so much cold
and rainy weather previous to that time.

Stanley Bros, were right in the midst of
strawberry-time. They also furnished various
vegetables for the local market, all of which
kept all bands very busy. We arrived before
breakfast, our train having reached their

HOME APIART OF STANLEY BROS., OF LEE CO., ILL.

their nice residence, and expected to move in
a month or two. They will perhaps build
another one in a better part of the city,
although nearly all parts seemed delightful.
Mr. Nysewander gave us a carriage ride for
several hours, and we were surprised to see
so many miles of beautiful residences,and also
lawns and parks.

We first met Mr. and Mrs. Nysewander at
the Philadelphia convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' A6.sociation some years ago. It
was then that Mr. W. A. Selser gave us that
never-to-be-forgotten 30-mile drive along the
Wissahickon River. Mr. James McNeill and
Mr. and Mrs. Nysewander were also in the
two-seated carriige. We had not met them
since then until we saw them in Des Moines.

station, 2>2 miles away, at about 5 a.m. It
was a hot morning, at least we thought so
after walking out fo the Stanleys and back to
town again in the hot morning sun. And we
think we are pretty good on the walk, too.

Honey-Prelerences — A " Stray Straw "
in Gleanings reads thus :

"Prof. Cook, after testing pretty much all
the honeys, pronounces sage ' preeminently
superior.' The editor of the Modern Farmer
puts Missouri honey at the top, and the edi-
tor of the Rural Bee- Keeper calls Wisconsin
honey the best, which is only another way of
saying that these three men live respectively
in the three regions mentioned."

July 13, 1905

THf; AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

48 7

^ (£ontrtbiitcb -f
Special Clrttcles

=\

I

Advantages of Bottom-Starters in Sections

BV DR. C. C. MILLER

ON page 424, our affable Aftertliinker refers to ray saying
sections look better with lock corner down, and says,
'• Wish you had been a little more explicit as to the w/iy
of that." Well, Mr. Hasty, I'll try to be I'xplicit, and as you
make some strong points against having lock corners at the
bottom, which show that it is a somewhat important matter
to have them the right way, we may as well talk the whole
matter over.

First, as to being more explicit as to the why of sections
looking better with lock corners down. They look better that
way because — because — why, because they look nicer so. The
matter of look^ is a matter of taste, and I don't know enough
to tell w/iy a peach tastes better to one man and an apple to
another. One thing, however, might be said, and that is that
there is more symmetry in the appearance of a section with
both visible corners alike. If both upper corners were lock
corners, then it would be a question as to whether a lock
corner or a plain corner looks better, and upon that question
there might be a division of opinion.

I don't dispute the truth of all you say. Been through it
all years ago; but much that you say is not true in this
locality it the present time. Aiid the things you say would
not be true with you if^you — used — bottom-starters. I'm not
sure that I ever so fully realized the value of bottom-starters
as I do since reading what you say.

You say that sections filled with lock corner up " are
much less inclined to be pulled apart in handling." That was
true with me before I used bottom-starters, because the bees
did not build the comb down to the bottom. But it isn't true
now. The comb is well built to the bottom, and you would
often have to examine closely to tell by the comb which was
bottom and which top.

" Both in pile and in case I want a section to stand the
other side up from what it did while being built," you say
further. Most emphatically that's what I don't want, and
what you wouldn't want it both top and bottom of the comb
were well fastened to the wood. 1 want the sections to stand
always (unless for a very short time) exactly as the bees had
them standing. The honey stays in the cells best that way.
Sometimes there's quite a slant to the cells.

" If the honey is all sealed how can it make any difference
which side is up?" Yes, but it isn't always sealed, every sin-
gle cell. .Sometimes there will be one or more cells next the
wood unsealed ; at least in this locality. To be sure, if that
honey is thoroughly ripened, as it ought to be, it is not likc^ly
to run out of the cell when upside down. But it is a little more
sure to stay all right in the cell if left just as the bees placed
it. Even the honey that is sealed will stay in the cell with-
out running down against the capping at the lower side, just
a little better, if left just as the bees placed it.

" Along the top-bar the honey is pretty sure to be
plumped out fuller than along the bottom-bar; and finger-
bruises would start little leaks else." There's where you have
the advantage over me. When you turn a section upside
down, you have a place to take hold. I haven't, because the
comb is plump full at the bottom as well as at the top. But
although yours is safer to handle, it doesn't look nearly so
well ; and what is of more importance, it doesn't ship so well.
(But, say, we don't put finger-bruises in our sections.)

" And when the honey-yield is poor some sections are not
attached to the bottom at all, and lots of them only attached
an inch or so at one side of the bottom." I know all about
that; have had them so they'd almost swing like a pendulum
when turned on the side — not fit to ship at all. I don't have
that sort of thing now. When the bees attack a section,
about the first thing they do is to fasten top and bottom
starter together, and at any time during the progress of that
section it could be taken out and shipped with perfect safety
without the danger of breaking out.

I'll tell you another thing that puzzled me for some time :
Like you, I'm addicted to poor seasons; and often when the
bees were storing very slowly I've had them fill honey faster
on the part of the starter toward the middle of the super than

on the outer side of the starter. The result was that the bot-
tom of the starter would swing over toward one side, and then
the bees would fasten it to the separator. All at once they
ceased doing that sort of work, and I wondered why, till It
occurred to me that it couldn't swing over, because I had be-
gun using bottom starters, and as the bees fastened top and
bottom together there was no chance for swinging over to one
side.

Now don't you come back at me, Mr. Hasty, by saying
that you rfo use bottom-starters and have the troubles men-
tioned in spite of them. In that case, I can only say they
work all right "in this locality." McHenry Co., III.

i«i

Simple and Safe Way to Get Increase

BY F. GREINER

IN practicing the so-called "shook swarm" method, or
when following the Heddon plan to prevent afterswarms,
the mother colony cuts no figure in the production of comb
honey. It is this mother colony which can be utilized advan-
tageously to swell the number of colonies without incurring
any risk, providing we can depend upon a fall honey-flow, and
we have combs enough at our command to fill the hives. With
comb foundation alone we can not increase as fast, although
we will succeed in a measure.

On the seventh day after a colony has swarmed, following
the Heddon plan referred to, we move the hive to a new loca-
tiojn, and after the bees which have marked their location
have left it, which will be after a few hours, we proceed to
divide the bees and brood-comb, forming two or three nuclei.
We observe that each division has a queen-cell or a virgin
queen. Queen-cells are plenty at this time, and if we have
some cells from choice stock, all the better. It is not very
difficult to obtain choice cells if we manage rightly. Almost
any good colony will finish up stocked-up cells in an upper
story over an excluder at swarming-time or during the honey-
flow. It is not the purpose of this article, however, to show
how it may be accomplished. So I only say, each nucleus
colony must be provided with a ripe cell, and combs added
from time to time. A nucleus thus formed seldom fails to get
its queen, and it is surprising how quickly the colony builds
up when honey is coming in.

A year ago last winter one of my out-yards was almost
wiped out of existence, and I did not make much of an effort
to populate the empty hives. This season I am increasing on
the nucleus plan explained above. A number of young queens
have already commenced laying, and I find these nuclei are
just the place to dump the many brood-combs obtained by
" shaking."

All these early made-up colonies will be brought up in
this manner to a state of populousness, not only to enable
them to gather their winter stores, but also to give a fair sur-
plus from buckwheat. I am now viewing the many fields
oeing put into buckwheat in the locality around this out-yard
with some anticipation. In localities without a fall honey-
flow perhaps as good results may be obtained by f.eeding. But
I am not partial to this kind of work, and do not recommend
it Ontario Co., N. Y.

The Season-Shooting Down High Swarms

BY WM. STOLLEY

LAST winter my bees wintered well without any loss, but I
have united with others several (rather medium) colonies
Laving very old queens, thus reducing the number of col-
onies from 42 to 36, all of which are in the very best working
condition now.

In .January we had 8 zero days, and on 3 days. during that
month bees had flights.

February brought us, from the 1st to the ISth, IS zero
days, and the temperature dropped as low as 26 degrees below
zero during that cold spell. During the remainder of Febru-
ary bees were out more or less on 12 days, and in March the
zero mark was not reached again, while bees flew on 21 days
in that month.

Our spring was anything but favorable for bees— it was
too cold and wet. The valley of the Platte River has been
flooded several times, and but yesterday we had another
down-pour of 2)4. inches, floodinj: all lowlands once more.
Many fields on low land are waier-soaked, and farmers are
still at it, trying to plant corn— 4 weeks late.

White and red clovers are in bloom now, and bees are
busy at work on them.

468

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 13, 1905

Alfalfa and sweet clover will very soon follow, and with
suitable weather conditions a fair honey crop may be ex-
pected, where bees are in proper condition.

Generally speaking, winter losses of bees were heavy here.
It was not until May 26 that I removed the winter packing in
my apiary. Yesterday 1 had my first swarm of the season,
and this reminded me of the severe criticism I suffered at the
hands of Mrs. L. Fees (page 38), and our Afterthinker, Mr.
Hasty (page 38), upon my applied "shot-gun remedy," as re-
ported by me in the American Bee .Journal of 1904, page 838.
However, Miss Emma M. Wilson, of "Our Bee-Keeping Sis-
ters," in a very sensible and able way defended me against
the slur of the " telescope " sister, and I can well afford to
trust that other practical and sensible bee-keepers will judge
similarly with Miss Wilson about it.

It is true that a person with a weak vision, cross-eyed, or
lacking in good judgment, will most likely make a bungling
job of bringing down a swarm of bees (when clustered out of
reach) by a well-aimed shot or two, but I hope that my report,
and this rejoinder to the comments made upon my veracity,
will cause other apiarists, who will have to deal with " high-
flyers" this season, to apply the shot-gun remedy, and thus
be convinced of the entire practicability of " bringing them
down."

I regret that the "inner consciousness" of Mr. Hasty
was so seriously aroused as to cause him to say that swarms
shot off of trees can not always be landed at a spot before-
hand ascertained. If Mr. Hasty had read carefully what I
say about it in my article, his conscious troubles would have
been avoided entirely, because I have not claimed that the
cluster of bees will always, and under all circumstances, fall
where the operator desires it to fall ; but I said, " as it hap-
pened," etc., it brought down the cluster of bees in every in-
stance right in front of the hive, properly adjusted. And it
did.

Mr. Hasty's voluntary counsel and advice to adjust the
hive after the dropping of the swarm is not very good advice,
whereas the adjusting of the hive can be done much better,
in most cases, before the shooting takes place, for the simple
reason that even most gentle bees, after they have struck the
ground when shot down, are angered and infuriated to such a
degree that it is decidedly unpleasant to fool around them
adjusting the hive. If Mr. Hasty will give it a practical trial
he is almost sure of being convinced. I have tried it in former
years, and have profited by experience.

It is also my opinion that even in cases when bees are
clustered too far out of reach for hiving them, and so located
that they can not be brought down in front of a properly
adjusted hive, several shots of fine shot fired right into the
cluster is a very practical way to prevent absconding of the
swarm, in a majority of cases.

Should it happen that the queen is killed by the shooting,
the bees will, on their own account, return to their old hive,
and thus not be lost to the apiarist by absconding.

Hall Co., Nebr., June 10.

=\

Contention
Procecbings

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Coaventlou, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904.

The 14th convention of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-
Keepers' Association was held in Chicago, Nov. 30 and Dec.
1, 1904. The first session was called to order by Pres. George
W. York, at 10:30 o'clock a. m., Nov, 30, after which Rev.
R. B. McCain offered the following invocation :

"Almighty God our Heavenly Father, we rejoice in the
fellowship of thy servants in the world who, whatever their
avocations and occupations may be, may come together in
fraternal relations and speak to each other of the interests
of their lives. We thank Thee for the goodly number that
have come here to talk over their daily work ; and we pray,
Heavenly Father, that Thou wilt give us the Master who
walks in the midst of the blooming fields and waving corn,
and who speaks the words of eternal truth to those who
listen to Him. Wilt Thou give His direction and the guid-
ance of His spirit in all we have to do. We pray Thou wilt

bless those left at home, protect them and keep them and
watch over the interests of all Thy people. Guide us to Thy
praise and glory while we live, and afterwards may we have
an eternity to spend in Thy presence with Christ, our blessed
Redeemer. Amen."

Pres. York at this point took the opportunity of intro-
ducing those present to one another, after which the secretary
read the minutes of the preceding convention, which, on mo-
tion, were confirmed.

Secretary Moore — A great many years ago there was an
honest old gentleman by the name of Jimmie Griffin, when
I was very small, and he says, "Francke, blow your own
horn or you'll never get a wife." So we have to blow our
own horn a little or people won't know we are doing any-
thing. The Executive Committee about three months ago
got together and decided they would try to have a big meet-
ing here this fall. We decided to send out two thousand
notices of this meeting. We sent it to everybody that would
likely, as we thought, come to the Live Stock Show in Chi-
cago in December. Atr. York thought we would get quite a
few dollars in. We got $23 in the mail as a result" of that,
and we are hoping we will get many more dollars at this
meeting.

The President appointed Messrs. Fluegge and Jacob as
ushers.

Dr. Miller — After hearing the report of the Secretary I
feel, as an officer of the National Association, like thanking
the oificers of this Association for the action they have taken.
It didn't occur to me before that a thing of that kind would
mean so much to the National as it does ; and that sort of
thing I think will help to increase the membership of the
National. It is an auxiliary to it in increasing its numbers.
I believe the action in that respect is worthy of commenda-
tion.

Pres. York — There were some who did not get the no-
tice we mailed, and the reason is this : We took the Ameri-
can Bee Journal list, commencing with the State of Wiscon-
sin and stopped when we got to the end of the two thousand
notices, which included Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois and In-
diana. There was no intention to slight anybody, but we
thought we had better stop when we got to the end of the
two thousand.

Sec. Moore — I thought we would get a lot of people in,
but I didn't expect to get even $23 in the mail, but I was
sure we would have a very big meeting.

Mr. Abbott — I want to call attention to one fact, that
because only $23 came in is no argument against the cir-
cular. Publicity is the biggest part of advertising. We
newspaper men find they .are always trying to play that
racket on us every time, but a man doesn't throw his money
away when he docs not get returns. He lets people know
he is in the world, and that is the biggest part of advertising.

The treasurer's report was read and approved, after
which an intermission of ten minutes was taken to allow
those present to pay their annual dues.

THERMOMETER IN THE BEE-CELL.\R.

"Where should a thermomenter hang in a bee-cellar?"
Dr. Miller — I should say that it is not an easy matter
to decide always where a thermometer should be hung in
the cellar. Quite a number of degrees difference will be
found in different parts of the cellar. At the top it will be
warmer than down at the bottom, so I try to find where I
think will be about an average temperature for the cellar,
and it does not matter so much where it is as that you
keep you thermometer in the same place all the time. If
I have it in any one place and decide about what I think
the temperature is at wiiich the bees are quietest, then I
try to keep it at that temperature. .Another thing, you can-
not go by absolute degrees, because thermometers vary so
much. As I said before, it doesn't matter so much, then,
what temperature you have as that you find at what tem-
perature the bees seem most quiet, and then try to hold it
at that.

Mr. Dadant — I wish to emphasize what Dr. Miller says
as to the temperature at which bees are quietest. The
thermometer is always needed to tell you whether, when the
bees are not quiet, the temperature is too high or too low.
If you find your bees quiet at say 40 degrees and you come
back again and find they are not quiet, and the temperature
is 42 degrees, you know it is a little too high. If you did
not have a thermometer you would not be able to tell whether
it vi-as too high or too low. I believe that is the only pur-
pose of the thermometer. If you can get your bees quiet and

July 13 19(5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

489

find out what the temperature is under those conditions, and
you keep your bees quiet at that temperature, it does not
make any difference where your thermometer is.

Dr. Miller— I am not sure but there is a way of telling.
If I understand Mr. Dadant correctly you c"'t tell by the
noise of the bees whether they are too cold or too warm.
I wouldn't like to be too critical about it, but I think when
they begin to get too cold there is a kind of rattling noise,
if I may so call it, of their wings, that you hear, and I don't
think I could tell you what the other is, but there is a little
difference in the noise, Mr. Dadant, between being too cold
and too warm.

Mr. Colburn — In relation to this noise that you speak
about, that is the noise bees make in the cellar, I have never
had much experience in cellar-wintering — only two winters
— and I found my bees making some sort of a noise all the
time, and yet they came through last winter very nicely.
The question is, how much or how little noise would a green
horn want to observe in order to know what the temperatun
should be?

Mr. Stewart — Is there any temperature where bees al-
ways keep quiet in the cellar, or do they always keep quiet
at any temperature in the cellar?

Dr. Miller — I think there are some who claim they can
secure perfect quiet. I never could. I think you will find
this: If you have one colony in the cellar and watch it
k closely you will find part of the time that colony will be per-

fectly quiet, and then it will have a spell of stirring up and
it will be noisy, and then quiet for a long time. If you have
a number of colonies in the cellar you will find that there
will be a noise there all the time. At least that is the way
I find it. At times there will be very little noise ; it will
suggest to you the blowing of a gentle breeze through the
dead trees in winter time. That you will find at all times
if your cell ,ar is like mine; and that I think comes from
the different colonies, here and there, making an unusual
amount of noise. I don't believe there is any one colony that
is all the time the same way. I think they have their spells of
"turning over in bed," when they make a little more noise
than usual. But as to trying to get them so that they are
entirelv quiet all the time, you might as well give that up.
But, find the temperature at which they make the least
noise. That is the point.

Mr. Kimmey — Do bees make more noise as they become
too cold?

Dr. Miller— Yes.

^Ir. Kimmey — Suppose I should find my thermometer at
28 degrees, would you advise me to leave it that way? Do
you think it is possible to find it that way?

Dr. Miller — No. I think you might possibly find, the
way you have it in your cellar, that they were most quiet at
40 degrees. I might find them most quiet at 47 degrees.
That is, your place and my place may be different. But your
question?

Mr. Kimmey — My point is, is it possible that the bees
would be so cold that they would make less noise than they
ought to?

Dr. Miller — No, sir, unless they are dead. When they
are dead they make hardly any noise! (Laughter.)

Mr. Kimmey — I don't want that then. I have tried to
keep mine between 45 and .'30 degrees, and have succeeded
very well and have not lost any. I would like to do better
than that if I could!

Mr. .Abbott — I would like to ask a question, to bring out
a point. Dr. Miller says that they will make some noise un-
less they are so cold that they are dead. I should like to
know if Dr. Miller thinks that bees ever get so cold in the
cellar or out-of-doors that they die from cold when they
have plenty to eat? I don't think they do.

Dr. Miller — There are some things I don't know. One
of the things I do know is that Mr. Abbott doesn't think as
I do about that. My bees will freeze. I take a bee in my
hand and if I hold it out in the cold long enough, that bee
is going to freeze.

Mr. Abbott — That is not the question. Don't confine it
to a single bee. If two lie together they make heat. Vou
can't make heat with one. If a lot of bees lie together tliey
make heat. Do they ever freeze when they all lie together in
that way?

Mr. Dadant — How big a bunch of bees?

Mr. .Abbott — The ordinary size?

Dr. Miller — If there is a stove in a room and it is hot
enough people are not going to freeze, and as long as there is
plenty of food there to keep the furnace going the bees will

keep up that heat ; they are not going to freeze. When they
fail of that they are going to freeze, Mr. Abbott to the con-
trary notwithstanding. He says they starve. I say they freeze.
You can pay your money and take your choice.

Ernest R. Root — I would like to answer both Mr. Abbott's
and Dr. Miller's questions. Last summer in queen-rearing
operations we conducted a series of experiments to get some
drone-layers. We had read in some of the old works that if
you freeze a queen for awhile she will become a drone-layer.
So I took about a dozen of our young, nice vigorous laying
queens, caged them with the bees, put them on a cake of ice
in a refrigerator and left them, varying all the way from two
hours up to 48. I expected some of them to be dead. The
bees were perfectly stiff at the end of two hours. I took them
out and examined them and put them back, and some of them
we put into nuclei to see what they would do, to see whether
the queens would refuse to lay regular worker eggs. I don't
know whether you believe me or not — I don't know whether
Dr. Miller or Mr. Abbott would ; I don't know exactly how
they disagree, but we found in every case that when taken off
the ice, chilled, cold — I won't say they were frozen to death;
they couldn't have been — in a few hours they would "come
to;" the queens would begin in three or four days afterwards
to lay, and lay normally, and not one of them laid drone-layer
eggs. The question was, if bees can be put in a position
where they are perfectly stiff with cold for 48 hours, can they
be kept in that condition longer, and, if so, how long? I
omitted to carry on that experiment. It has been said bees do
not die of cold. What kills them we do not know.

Another question, I should say the question of the temper-
ature of the cellar and the buzzing and noise depends some-
what on the time of year. When the bees are first put, in they
are apt to be quiet in our cellar, with a high or low tempera-
ture, but after they have been there for three or four months
they begin to get uneasy. Then the latter must be accounted
for. If the temperature is too high or too low it rpust be
brought to the proper degree. Giving bees a midwinter flight
stops the buzzing and roaring in our case. I would describe
this noise, when it is normal, as like a harp. Once in a while
you will get a noise something like the sound of telephone
wires, not that high note, but a sort of low, distant hum.
When you get something of the effect of that contented, quiet
noise amongst the bees that seems to indicate everything is
normal and right, that is the condition we call perfect; and
yet there is a little noise there, aiid that noise might, to the
beginner, seem to be the wrong thing.

Mr. Abbott— We don't get the point exactly yet. I think
this is a vital point, and I have been trying to get the bee-
books and bee-papers, to say something about it for a long
time and they have persisted in not doing it, and that is the
reason I am calling it out. I hold that bees are wintered suc-
cessfully where the mercury runs down to 40 degrees below
zero, out-of-doors, on the summer stands ; and that that can be
done in any place in the United States, provided there is food
accessible ; and that no normal cluster of bees ever dies from
cold when there is food accessible; and to be accessible it
must be directlv above the cluster; and that the bees in that
condition will winter safely any place in any temperature that
ever existed in the United States or ever may exist— if the
food is accessible— if the "stove" is there, as Dr. Miller says.
He brings the point out clearly. If the food is on another
frame or where thev can't get at it without breaking cluster
or following up the 'line of heat they will die from starvation,
but if thev can get at the "stove" they will not die. Now if
anybodv has anv evidence to prove to the contrary I should
like to know it, for I have been talking this thing for 15 or 20
years, and I don't want to talk it any longer if it is not right.
But I do. if it is right, longer and louder.

Mr. Wilcox— What I was going to say was bearing rather
upon the discussion between Dr. Miller and Mr. Root, but
since Mr. .\bbott has spoken I want to say I have conducted
one experiment that substantiates his claim very much. I
once took a bee-tree about four feet long and set it
up in the front yard, full of honey and bees, and
with a temperature of 40 degrees below zero. It froze
and burst open the whole length; and those bees win-
tered well and came out right in the spring. I could put
mv hands right through a crack anywhere in that tree That
goes to confirm somewhat Mr. .\bbott's theory. The other
matter about which I wish to speak is not very important or
profitable, but may perhaps be interesting as an experiment.
Before I commenced keeping bees in movable-comb hives I
inverted a half sugar barrel filled with bees and honey;
poured cold water clear to the brim to drown the bees; left

490

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

truly 13, 190S

it 24 hours with a temperature of 25 or 30 degrees below zero;
then went to carry my bees in and get my honey. I was sur-
prised on moving it into the house to find that the water was
not entirely frozen over at that very cold temperature and 24
hours out-doors, but I rolled it up under the stove just the
same and melted the ice out and went away from home. In a
few hours more the bees drove my wife out. They were all
alive and happy as ever. The query is, Why didn't they
drown? Every bee was under water; they were completely
covered. Then, again, why didn't that water cool oflf and
freeze over? I suppose perhaps the warmth of the bees pre-
vented that, but I would have expected them to drown if they
breathed. Can they live that long without breathing?

Mr. Becker — As to the question, do bees freeze out-
doors, I want to say this, that I have had bees that were out-
doors all winter with broken hives that you could almost run
your fist into, and they appeared to have wintered all right.
Last winter when the thermometer went down to 25 degrees
below zero in our latitude, I had 10 colonies in new hives,
with plenty of honey, and every one of them died, with the
exception of one. before spring came. It lived until spring
and then dwindled away and finally died, and in the hive there
was as much as 50 pounds of honey. The other hives, many
of them full of holes, stood on the summer stands. I couldn't
take care of them in the fall because I was too busy. I put
in a piece of gunnysack to fill up the opening and they win-
tered through in good shape, and produced virtually the honey
I got this year. I believe it is not so much the cold as it is
the condition that th? bees go to winter quarters in. I don't
believe in outdoor wintering. I don't want to risk it if T can
possibly help it. I believe what will do one year won't do
another year. The conditions as to bees are different one
year from another in one locality ; and they may be all right
in one locality and not in another. I also believe that if we
can keeo our bees dry, or from getting too much moisture
around the cluster, that the cold will not affect them so much
as the dampness does. The honey will freeze around when
there is much honey in the comb, and there will be great
chunks of ice hanging around the bees all over the comb,
and that is one effect of out-door wintering. When it is not
w-arm enough so that they can come out and clean them-
selves they will begin to get damp, and the dampness will get
through all the hives, and then the next little cold spell will
catch every one of them and they die. Where we winter bees
in the cellar, we aim to keep them dry and avoid the extreme
cold. I believe that dampness has more to do with it than
cold weather.

Dr. ^liller — I don't believe that this is a matter of vital
importance and I hope we will not take up time with it, but
if you are going on with it I want to say what I think about
it is, a single bee will freeze — I think no one disputes that ;
two bees put together will freeze if it is cold enough and the
cold continued long enough ; so will three or four ; and there
comes a point somewhere where Mr. Abbott will tell you they
don't freeze, they starve. If you have a small cluster that
small cluster will freeze, and before we get to the place
where Mr. Abbott says they starve, they still will die, whether
it is from freezing or from starvation, or whatever it may be.
But here is the point. You put them down to 40 degrees be-
low zero, or put them down to the point where they do not
stir, and I think you will get a point, and I don't believe the
bees will move at that even if there is honey above them.
They will wait until it gets a little bit warmer before they
will break cluster to get anything fresh. If you hold them
there long enough, and if the cold is severe enough, thev are
going to stay there and they will freeze, and freeze to death.
That is what I think. Now Mr. Abbott thinks they starve.
Stop that cold at any time and let them warm up and start
in afresh. But I say, put it down cold enough and hold it
there and those bees are going to freeze. You don't call it
starvation with a single bee, why should you call it that with
the colony? I don't believe it makes a particle of diflference
which way you believe.

Mr. Abbott — They don't get 40 degrees below zero in the
cluster.

Mr. Stuebing — I am an old bee-keeper — about 50 years
in the business. When bees are given honey they will never
freeze outdoors.

Mr. Root — I don't know whether I agree with Dr. Miller
or Mr. Abbott. I am going to tell you something, and Mr.
Abbott can clap his hands to show us whether it hits his way
or not. We wintered bees for a good many years at Medina
outdoors. We winter a good portion indoors now. I noticed
that the bees that were dead on the comb would be circled
around as near a sphere as they could be ; that on each comb
they would be in the form of a circle. If they were dead
there would be about two inches without any honey around
them at all. I never saw any bees that were dead that had
access to honey, no matter how cold it was, but every time
I found a cluster of bees dead I found they had eaten away
all the honey around them to the extent of three or four
inches. Seemingly they had got to the point where they
couldn't move ; whether they froze or starved Dr. Miller can
settle.

(Continued next week.)

®ur ^^e^'Kccpino^ Sisters

=\

=/

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Uniting Dwindled Colonies in Spring

No doubt some of the sisters will feel grate-
ful to Bro. Latham, page 43S, for arguing there
is no necessiiy for ending the life of a colony,
even it it has dwindled down to almost noth-
ing. When one has only :i colonies, it seems
a serious matter to reduce the number to 2;
and even when one has 100 colonies it goes
against the grain to reduee the number to 99.
One can not divest oneself entirely of sen-
timent, even in this dollar-and-cent age, and
the sick chicken is likely to be nursed care-
fully up to the day of its death, even if one is
sure that it has no chance for recovery. And
colony No. 3 can not be remorselessly swept
out of existence without leaving an aching
void. So there will be those who will be glad
to take Bro. Latham's plan of keeping the
family circle of 3 colooies unbroken, even if
it does cost more than it would to buy another
full colony. What mother could be satisfied
to give up the care of a sick child by being
told that another child cotild be bought to
take its place for less money than it would
take to doctor the sick one?

But if ills merely a uatterof dollars and
cents, it must be aduittted, albeit with a sigh,
that tinkering up a winkling in early spring,
especially if queenless, costs more than it

comes to, and it is hard to understand how it
can be more profitable for one with only 2
colonies than for one with 200.

Bees Troubled with Moths— Queen-
lessness— Transf ePFin g

Deak Miss Wilson:— Will you please tell
me how I can rid a hive of bees of the wax-
moth. I notice the bees are at work most of
the time carrying out stuff that looks like fine
sawdust. I have killed quite a number of the
moths on the outside of the hive. The colony
of bees is hybrids, and not a very large one.

1. How does a colony appear if it has no
queen?

2. If I should transfer them to a new hive
with one-inch foundation starters in the
frames, and starters in sections, would they
stay there all right and go to worki

3. The hive they are now in is an old one —
a chaff hive. Do you think I could lift out
the frames and clean them, and get rid of the
moths that way '

4. If I should transfer them to a new hive,
and there was any young brood sealed, or
just coining out, what could be done with
them?

I bought the colony this spring, and the

man that I bought them of said they were
all right, and I look his word for it. I think
he does not know how to keep bees clean, or
he would keep them in better shape. 'The
bees have not swarmed yet.

I hope this is not too long for you. but I
am very anxious about my bees, for I love
them, and they have not oifered to sting me.
I think I will get along all right with them.
Mrs. New Hampshire.

1. Bees that have been queenless some little
time will carry in a noticeably less quantity
of pollen than those that have a laying queen
and are rearing much brood. But the best
way is to lift out the frames and examine
their contents. If a laying queen is present
there will be eggs found in the cells, and if
she has been present long enough there will
be brood in all stages. "There may, however,
be a virgin queen in the hive, and in that
case there will, of course, be no eggs or brood
from her. On the other hand, there may be
eggs and brood and no queen. That would be
a case of laying workers. The laying of
these pests is not as regular as that of queens.
If drone-cells are present they will be used in
preference to worker-cells, and two or more
eggs may be found in each drone-cell. Often
one of the first signs of laying workers is the
finding of eggs in queen-cells, and if you find
more than one egg in a cell you may find a
dozen eggs in a single queen-cell.

One way to help decide whether any queen
is present, either laying or virgin, is to give a
frame of eggs and brood from another colony,
always supposing you have another, and if
queen-cells are started it is tolerably certain
that no queen of any kind is present.

3. Yes, but it may be well to say that it ia
poor economy to put inch starters of founda-
tion in brood-frames. You will be pretty

July 13 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

491

sure to have a good deal more drone-comb
built than you will like, and the loss from
rearing and feeding a big crop of drones will
more than counterbalance all you will save
on the foundation.

3. Yes, you can help in that way, but it is
the bees themselves that must be depended
upon to keep out the moths. Don't lay the
blame on the old hive. A weak colony, espe-
cially if the bees are of black blood, will allow
the moths to get the start of them in a new as
as well as an old hive ; and a strong, active
colony of black bees, or even a weak colony
of vigorous Italian blood will not suffer the
presence of moths.

Lift out the frames one after another, shake
or brush off the bees, and look for the silken
galleries of the worms. They will be found
more especially in the cappingsof the sealed
brood. Take a bis pin, wire nail, or some-
thing of the kind, and tear open the gallery

at one end. Then begin at the other end,
tearing it open as you go, and you will thus
drive along Mr. Worm till he comes out at the
hole you first made. Tnen when he is at your
mercy you can end his existence in any way
that suits your fancy.

4. The combs containing the brood can be
cut out and fastened into the new frames in
the regular way of transferring, filling the
frame with combs and tying strings about it
till the bees fasten it in. Perhaps an easier
way will be to leave in the old hive all the
frames with just enough bees to keep the
brood from chilling, and then when all the
brood is hatched out, which will be in 3 weeks
from the time of transferring, drive or shake
out all the rest of the bees. But it may be
that your bees will do all right m the old hive.

Don't send any postage stamps when you
write to this department, and write just as
long letters as you like.

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Db. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does 7iot answer Questions by mail.

Unltlns Bees-Some Difficulties

Why does a colony sometimes unite peace-
ably with a strange swarm, and at other times
fight it off until apparently not a bee is left?

The case is this: Last Saturday I put out
a few boxes with strips of foundation fastened
to the top. On Wednesday I found a swarm
of black bees in one of them, so I brought it
home after dark and placed it at the side of
the Jtahaii colony with which I expected to
unite it. I left them there until Thursday at
about 6 p.m., when both were smoked some.
The box was then turned upside down, the
bottom removed, and the bees shaken on a
board in front of the old colony. The black
<iueen was found and disposed of. The black
bees rushed in, and those that were slow
about it were helped along with smoke.

They were at once attacked by the Italians
inside the hive and on the alighting-board. I
smoked them through the entrance, which
seemingly stopped the fight, but only for a
very short time. I smoked them again, this
time sufficiently to take all fight out of them —
so I thought. Results: Truce until the
smoke had passed away, then wholesale exhi-
bition of Jiu-Jitsu.

After dark 1 brushed all dead and dying
bees from the alighting-board, and this morn-
ing I found not only the alighting-board cov-
ered with dead bees, but also the entrance
(^S,xl4i4) blocked so that hardly a bee could
puss in or out, and they were under the
frames as far in as I could well remove them
with a stick.

Now I am quite sure that had I hived the
swarm on regular size frames, hunted the
queen out, and then placed the hive over the
other, or the frames between the frames of
brood in the Italian colony, they would have
kinited peaceably. But last year I captured
12 strange swarms, and every time united
them with other colonies that I had at home,
and in the same way, not even bunting up the
queen in every case, and of the 12 just one
acted as the one did to-day. That one, how-
ever, was as bad as, if not worse than, this;
for the day after I united them the colony was
seemingly weaker than before, and the
ground was just covered with dead bees,
r While I do not intend to unite 2 colonies in
this way again, yet I would like to have your
opinion of the cause and the prevention of
the trouble. •

ti At present the bees are gathering well from
white clover.- Iowa.

Answer. — It is difficult to pay why bees
unite at one time peaceably and at another
time fight when conditions seem just the
same. I don't know just what was the
trouble in the case jou mention, but it is just
possible that the black swarm was an after-
swarm, having a virgin queen. If the

weather was bad, and the bees were not gath
ering, that would make trouble about uniting'
You would have had less trouble if you had
killed the black queen 2 or 3 days before
uniting. Also if you had united in a some-
what piecemeal manner. Bees seem to wel-
come the accession of a small number when
they resent the entrance of a whole family.
In hundreds of cases 1 have given to a colony
a single frame of brood or honey with adher-
ing bees, and never knew any fighting.

Swarmliis

1. Will bees swarm before building any
queen-cells? If so, are they likely to do so?

2 It is impractical for me to stay at home
and watch for swarms, so I must resort to ar-
tificial swarming or dividing — probably the
brush-swarm plan. At what stage of the
erection of queen-cells should the swarm be

shaken, when queen-cells are started without
brood in them yet — after brood can be seen in
them, or after they are capped over I

3. In removing the old hive to a new loca-
tion, and putting a new hive on the old stand,
is it essential that the old queen should re-
main or be shaken into the new hive on the
old staml? or can she be put into the old hive
on the new location?

4. Do afterswarms come out only when the
old hive remains on the old stand?

5. Do they always fail to come out when
the old hive is put in the new location?

6. If no afterswarm comes out when the old
hive is changed to the new location, is there
any need of cutting out queen-cells?

Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. Bees do not generally swarm
until a number of queen-cells are started and
the most advanced ones are sealed. Some-
times they do not wait till cells are so far ad-
vanced, and in rare instances they have been
known to swarm without having even eggs in
queen-cells. This refers to prime swarms.
Afterswarms have sealed cells with quahking
queens in them ready to emerge as soon as
the swarm has issued.

2. Swarms may be shaken without paying
any attention to queen-cells as soon as the
season of swarming comes, or as soon as colo-
nies are sufficiently strong. Some prefer to
wait until a number of cells are found con-
taining eggs or larvse. It would hardly do to
wait till sealed cells are present, for at that
time a swarm is likely to issue. 'The presence
of queen-cell cups with neither egg nor larva
in them need not be considered, for these may
be found at any time, even in winter.

3. The queen is to remain on the old stand
with the shaken swarm. The point is that the
brood is to be taken away.

4 and 5. Afterswarms are likely to issue if
the old hive is left on the old stand, and are
less likely if the old hive at the time of
swarming is removed to a new place ; but may
occur then. If the swarm is put on the old
stand, the old hive close beside it, and then a
week later the old hive removed to a new
place, you may count quite safely on no after-
swarm.

6. According to what has just been said, it
will be seen that removal of the old hive to a
new location will not prevent the necessity of
cutting out cells, unless such removal occur
some days after swarming.

/T

K

Vih\ ^asty s Ctftcrtl^oUijI^ts

=\

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

J'

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION HONET-LABEL.

If a sore spot has anything of the pathetic
quality about it, surely we may say that the
spot that's ynni] to bt: .sore is still more pathetic.
Our Editor touches a spot that's going to be
sore, on page 355 — that prospective honey-
label of the National Association. A label of
this sort says to the public, " We produce
better honey than do the common herd of our
craft, because, you see, we are the progressive
men." Is this going to be true? I am almost
for conceding that our progressives exercise
themselves to get more honey, to harvest
honey easier, to have things look nicer, to test
and adopt novelties, to have some specially
desirable kind of bee — anything and every-
thing except quality of product, secured in
the only reliable way — ripeness.

Ripeaess involves time (among other
things), and our typical progressive is scanda-
lized by the expenditure of that one thing.
His words are, "Hurry!" "Push things 1"
Honey just barely ripe enough to keep with-
out fermenting and changing flavor, is the
mark many set before themselves to strive
for. The. true mark should be a great deal
higher than that. 1 even fear that the gen-
tleman exists who wants to lean on a label —
and thereby sell houey more unripe than be-

fore. Also, a practical minimum of ripeness
for Association enforcement is going to be
very hard to set. Capped honey is not always
ripe; and uncapped honey is not quite always
unripe. Honey may be very ripe and yet not
taste very good. And, t'otherwise, honey
may (if right from the comb) be delicious to
the taste and yet be very unripe — totally unfit
for keeping, i'et it there is not some sort of
enforcement from the start the label will be-
come a sione around the neck instead of a
benefit— like the name of an immensely adver-
tised ginger snap that might be named— all
will soon expect it to be below average quality
instead of above, and persist in that expecta-
tion.

AUGER-HOLE ABOVE USUAL ENTRANCE.

Somehow I don't believe bees prefer an
auger-hole entrance to the usual form. I'll
admit that ii jften looks that way. Many
hives have iiii ordinary entrance at the bot-
tom and an a J ;,'er-hole 2 or 3 inches above.
We see thu iaiior popular and the former un-
popular— hikI ump to wrong conclusions.
Theauger-h :c is the nearest road to where
the bees w.ini u go. Also every inch away
from the t't ■ ''id (up to a certain limit — 10
feet or sot ud Ij a little to the desirability of
an alightinsr place, from the bee's point of

492

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 13 ICOS

yoiiandYourBees

WILL LIKE

"THE ELGIN HIVE"

A proven success Not an experiment

'• The Elgin " is comprised of fewer
pieces than any other knocked-down
hive. No nailing required to put it to-
gether. Any man, woman or child can
assemble The Elgin in a few minutes.
Saves labor, trouble and racked nerves.
No pattern, diagram or book of in-
structions needed in order to set it up.

Simplicity of construction is such that
mistakes are impossible. Standard
size brood frames, supers and other ac-
cessories perfectly fit "The Elgin."

Material and workmanship unex-
celled. Patent corners of metal make
it air and water tight, and prevent
warping. Made in 8 and 10 frame
sizes. Special sizes if desired.

Let us figure on your Bee-Supplies —
Hives, Sections, Frames, Foundation,
etc. GOOD GOODS. SATISFACTORY
PRICES.

Send today for illustrated circular
and prices of "The Elgin." It will
pay you.

The National Supply Co.

E. End Kimball 5t. Bridge, ELGIN. ILL.

27A3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so, we can fill your order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3-band Italians; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
%i per do2. Tested Queens, $1 each. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LORBACviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

f^f^j^ctf^ TT^tiiitioo B«e JoartiaJ ^(TQeu writajue.

The names and addresses of
those in the U. S. who expect
to buy honey in car or less
than car lots during T'OS.
The St. Croix Valley Honey-Producers' Ass'o,
26A3t Glenwood Wis.

WhatAdelBeesDo

E. Milton-, Mass., May 27, lOOS.
Send me queen same strain as the one sent
1904. That queen proved the best queen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
IS, 1905. ROBT. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are $1 each.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Ptease mention Bee J oumai vrnen WTTur^..^.

Wi 8bll Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beerwax Wanted for Casta.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bbll Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

Please mrention Bee Joomai •vrHKia WTltmc

Wanted

IS

I

QneeDS by Retnrn Mail

Tbe Standard-Mred kind, reared by some of tbe
best queen-breeders in America, and warranted purely
mated. Sent by return mail at these prices :

One Untested Queen for 75 cents; 3 for $2.10; or 6
tor $4.00.

An Untested Italian Queen-Bee
FREE as a Premium

=^^ For Sending One New Subscriber ^=^^=

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a line Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed :

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2. Sending your own name with SI. 00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle you
to a Queen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a WEW subscriber; which means,
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee .Tournal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one; and, also, the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
be made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be
earned in a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

If you can not get a new subscriber, and want one or more of these Queens, we
will send the American Bee Journal a year and a Queen — both for only $1.50.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK S CO.

334 DeaFborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

G. B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

We carry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundation Cutter free with each order, if you state where you saw this ad.

UVtf

NORRIS & ANSPACH, Kenton, Ohio.

We are

Manniaclnrers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS-HIVES-AND EVERY-
THING FOR THE BEE-KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments. Low Prices.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

]47 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

July 13, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

493

Tiew. At a small round hole the professional
guards have less chance to get in their mon-
keying with each incoming bee. So far as
that may cause popularity it would be a gen-
uine popularity. Page 356.

NEW vs. OLD COMB FOUNDATION.

As to new foundation being better than old,
a majority of the experts (15 out of 29) say it
is not. Three more join the same rank with
an " if" — if you'll steam it, or temper it, or
dip it in warm water. Then 9 more, inclin-
ing more or less to think there is some differ-
ence, think the difference is quite small.
That leaves only 2 unaccounted for, neither
of whom thinks the difference large. Seldom
we get so near absolute unanimity. Page 356.

HONEY vs. SOAP FOR WASHING.
I haven't gotten around yet to the experi-
ment of washing a pair of big, rough, dirty,
masculine hands in honey used instead of
soap. Of course we are interested to see that
a competent judge finds it to work tolerably
with feminine hands. Lack of penetratu'e
power is the off-hand suspicion one would
feel toward honey for this purpose; maybe
we suspect wrongly. The soap we quite com-
monly meet imparts a bad smell, and honey
wouldn't do that. Also, soap often carries
in itself a fearful nastiness, only partly elimi-
nated by strong alkali ; and honey is innocent
on that score. Say, Sister Wilson, try a batch
of handkerchiefs and napkins, and similar
small hardware, with honey and not a particle
of soap. Using as little water as practicable,
soak over night and wash out in hot water.
May be there's something to be found out yet,
who knows? 'Spects nothing but decidedly
white honey should be used on delicate goods,
lest it stain them. Page 360.

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June IS, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June IS, 7Sc; selected tested
quei-os, $1 25; after June IS, Jl.no. Write postal
caid for cir.;ular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

We have secured the services
of one of the best Queen special-
ists in the U. S. Over 20 years'
experience rearing (jueens. Our
Yard is stocked with select breed- a
ers from the best yards in Amer- V
ica, and can send Queens by re- Jjj
turn mail. a

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905: S

Untested Queens $ .75 0

Select Untested Queens .... 1.00 g

Tested Queens. . ., 1.50 S

Select Tested Queens 2.50 0

GRIGGS BROS. I

I Q 521 Monroe Street, «

g TOXjHSDO, - OHIO. §
0 0

t^:eas6 ai^nUjD Bee Joumai wfceEi wiTtuvu

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian Queens

Untested, after June 15, 75c; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders — the very best, S5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. VVAL,XER ». HO$«S,

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

4i^ 11/ \l/ 11/ \h Vi/\l> il> \ti »_«/ 11/ \l> \i/ \li \lt \n Ui \i/ ih \h vl/ \i/ \tt w vl/ \lt <^

B66 - SUDDlieS ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest

variety of everything needed in the S^

Apiary, assuring best goods at lowest &

!^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free lUus- ^|

."5 trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^

•^ AVrite at onoe for Catolog, either English or German language. ^

:^ KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. J^

=5 AGENCIES ^

■^ Trester Snpply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. S^

;^ Shngart& Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^"

;« Southwestern Bee Co., 43.9 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. S>^

Diuiiier's Foundaiion is ine mi. '

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Workinif Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer*s Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta^ Wis.

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List

ourHI^V^ES and SEOTIOlSrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFQ. CO., New London.Wis. "sa

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' Assc-
ciatioQ will hold its nsxt meetinif at College
Station, with the Farmers' Congress, July 25,
26 and 27, l'><i5. These annual meetings are usu-
ally largely attended and are pleasant and
profitable occasions. Visiting bee-keepers from
other States are cordially invited to be present
with us W. H. Laws, Pres.

Louis H. Scholl, Sec.-Treas,

B IJICK BHt»BT« »
•■ The KINO of l'<;

CAME*.

'^ Large

of I'ouUr^.
size, good layers oi finest eggs,
kHardy and fearless, the best all
■purpose fowl. Willow legs and
'Bay eyes. Illustrated circular,
25th year.' H. H. FLICK,
MANCHESTER. MD.
Please mention Bee Joumai "when "^^ritina

tp sjBa.C tC 01 g mojj iav[ pay ^

B ttiQ 00 aaAa^ |

a

Fdl'd I8;S, '83, 'ta Si 19U3 H

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style la
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of It. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

FINE QUEENS

By Return Hall. From my
3 and 5 banded long-tong^ned
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, 7Sc; untested,
60c; no disease. I g-aaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M, DARROW

R. F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

Partner in the bee-
uusiness. Must un-
derstand his busi-
ness. I have bees,

hives, aud all other supplies we need.

QUILLERMO ARNOLD, box 44. Cardenas. Cuba

Wanted

LOSS BY LICE

oil poultry amounts to many times
I lie cost of Lainberfs Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can be baved aud proHt made by
its use. Frees silting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
iToveit. lOOcz.. by express. $1.00.
O. K. STOCK FOOT> CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 MonoD Bldff., Chlcaeu, III.

Queens

From best bouev-
gatheriug stock, 60c.
Tested Queens, $1.00.

IMIOfl.A.'eilLi

WINCHESTER, IND.

28A4t ■ Ri. i.
Please meu'J jh Bee Joumai -when •writinp

494

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 13, 1905

B

Millions of Sections
ShiDDing-Cases^gC^DA^PoT.'

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee- Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thinsr the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Qoods In Indian-
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received in the morning shipped fame
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 75c; Select Untested, $1.00; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested,
£2 00.

CIUI e/^O I I B. f^r\ 1004 East Wash. Street
. IVI. oO^ I I oc \a\J% INDIANAPOLIS. iND. •^•^ •s••^ •^•^

N B.— A Por'er Bee-Escape, or us equivalent, FREE with first order, if you say where you saw
this ad. ^4^^. flacsxmoa .B6« Jonmaj waeu vrrKaii*

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
' Geasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Cam iolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones
(after Aug. 1 to Caucasian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for 16.00

6 for 3.25

Ifor 60

After Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for $7.50

6 for 4 00

" 1 for 75

Tested—

Each SI. 50

Breeders —

Each 3 00

JOHN M. DAVIS, Sprinp Hill. Tenn.

87 \ Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence Eeague.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPIING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO.. Harshfield, Wis.

I Now for Shipping-Cases |

•^ The quality of our wori is pretty well established. Those who have bought of ^•

:^ us know what the goods are. They also know that they can huy for less money from ^;

'^ lis Tf unn hfivR npfpr hnntrht. Rnvthin^r from u.'; the hest t.inifl t.n dn so is now when — *

The quality of
us know what the
us. If you have n
you want Shippi
Let us know to-il
are made in any si
width desired

our work is pretty well established. Those who have bought of
goods are. They also know that they can huy for less money from
ever bought anything from us the best time to do so is now when
iig-Cases. We save you money and give you goods of quality,
iiy the quantity you need and we will mail you prices. The Cases
7.e up to 18 inches, with one-piece covers. Be sure to mention the

JOHN DOLL & SON, |

!^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

ITALIAN aiEENS

EITHER GOLDEN OR HONEY QDEENS
AFTER JULY 1.

•^^^

Our Goldens will
come up with any other
Golden strain. Our
Honey - Queens are

what some breeders call
" Red Clover Queens."

1

6

$ 4.00

12

$ 7.00
13 00

Untested t -75

Tested (or War. Tested) 1-25

Breeders 5.00

2frame Nuclei Ino Queen) ■■ 2.00 11.00 22 00

When Queens are wanted with Noclei add
price of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation.

D. J. BLOCHER "^'^^hu^'^^'

16Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

BBE-KBEPBRS' SDPPLIBS.

We are now able to quote lower prices than ever
before Highest quality guaranteed. We handle the
O. B. Lewis Co's noods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetniled hives. Send for my 8«-page CatalOK, and
leaflet for beginners. They are free.

44Etf W. J. MCCARTY, Emmetsburg, Iowa

SECTIONS

Millions of Sections. You want quick de-
livery. We have the facilities for executing
orders promptly. Remember that

Quality

is the first consideration
about Sections. "Lewis'

Sections" means highest

quality. Do not be misled by low prices. A
clean-cut, brilliant, white section enhances
the price of your honey.

Shipping-Cases

Order your supply now. Pack your honey
in cases before storing away; this keeps them
in a briyht, clean condition. We invite your
inquiries. We can ship promptly.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

27A4t Davenport, Iowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Er"J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.

For Queens

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, *1 -, Untested. Toe ; 5 for $3.25 ; 10 for
t6; 15 for $8.25; 25 for S12.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and S frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (Prov. 3:21.) 6Atf

Please mention Bee Journal when writms,

July 13 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

495

Beesupplies

Guaranteed Superiority !

L0W6sRri66S

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

IT-A.rjIA.lST

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .65

One tested queen ''0

One select tested queen.. 1.10

One breeding queen l.oS

One comb nucleus (no

queen) 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrual guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
nrices J" ^* STROi\Cw«

ao4 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joarsal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

199 SOUTH W*TBH ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

Imported Carniolan Queens !

Price: Select Imported Queen direct from
Carniola, .f4 00. Write for rates for 3 or more.
RALPH BENTON.
37A2t 925 N St. N.W., Washington, D.C.
Flease mention Bee Jonraal when -writrnf:

Hand.'' Comb Foundation Mills

Honey Glassware

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

Ji-lb. and 1-lb. Octagon Xip-Xop UlaHS
Honey-Jars, Prices: Ji-pounds, ?4.50 a
gross; 3 gross for $13. 1-lb., 1 gross, .$5.25;
3 gross for $14.50. Address,

YORK HONEY ^s~^p«L^Y^ CO.

(Not incorporated]
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Queens now Ready lo Supdiu
Da Return Mall

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,

from selected mothers; have proven their qualities as

GREAT HONEX-GATHERERS.

f^r\iAr^*% l-folionc Have no superior, and few equals.
vJUlUcn I Ictlldlld Untested, 75c; 6for$4.00.

Red Clover Queens ^
Carniolans

Which left all records be-

ind in honey-gathering.

ntested, 75c; 6 for $4.

— They are so highly recommended, being

more gentle than all others. Untested, 75c;

6 for $4.00.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Otfice and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- ^ccstpax-f

Chicago. June 19— The little that sells con-
sists chiefly of extracted and the market is a
small one. Comb langes from 12@12Mc for the
best white with off grades l@3c less. E.xtracted,
white, SH^Tc; amoei, S@6c. Beeswax, ready
sale at 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, June 2.— There is only a fair de-
maud for houey at the present time. We quote
amber extracted houey in barrels at 4K@6c. ac-
cording to quality. White clover extracted at
aj^fccSc. The comb honey market is practically
closed for the summer. Beeswax, 29c.

The Fred W.Moth Co.

Boston, May 23.— Our honey market contin.
ues very dull, with very little movement to be
noted. We quote fancy white at 14c; No. 1,
12S^@13c. Extracted, from 6@8c, according to
quality. Blake, Scott & Lbs.

Philadelphia, June 21. — As the season ad-
vances, there is very little call for comb honey.
In fact, no sales, and we make no quotations.
Commission men are accepting any offer they
can get for what little stock they have on hand.
Extracted honey is in some demand. Possi-
bilities of a big crop are holding prospective
buyers back. We quote: Fancy white, ^@^%c•,
amber, 6®7c; dark, SM@6c. Beeswax in good
demand, 29@20c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Albany, N.Y., June 17.— The honey market
here is very cull now. It is between seasons.
Receipts and demand very light. Very Utile
old crop carried over, and will be in good shape
for new crop, which begins in August Quota-
tions are nominal now. White comb, 12'" 14c;
mixed. 10@12c; dark, lOw lie. Extracted, white,
6®6i^c; mi-ted, f^i^oc; dark, 6(96Hc. Beeswax,
28@30c. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, June 21-— There is very little
comb or extracted honey on the market at pres-
eut, but what there is is being (quoted as fol-
lows: Fancy white comb, 24 section cases, $2 25
to $2.50; No. 1 white and amber, $1.75 to J2,0i.i.
Extracted, per pound,4H@6c. Beeswax, 2Sto28c.
C. C. Clbmons & Co.

New York, Jane 19.— The comb honey mar.
ket is very quiet and we are hardly justified in
making quotations, Some few lots are sold here
and there at 13c for fancy, and 10@12c for lower
grades, but no lar^'e blocks could be moved at
these figures. There is still considerable of
last year's crop unsold, part of which, no doubt,
will have to be carried over nntil-the fall. Ex.

tracted honey in fairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6i^(5i7c for
water-white, t>@6Hc for white, and 5@55ic for
light amber. Southern at £0'" 60c per gallon
according to quality. Beeswax somewhat de
dining; choice average stock selling at 29c.

HiLDRBTH & SBOBLKEN

Cincinnati, O., June 9. — There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is io usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c; amber, in barrels, at 5K@5'^'c; in cans,
SJi@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Weber.

Denver, June 26. — The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enough of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new crop comes in; the same U
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, $2(g'J2.20; No. 2, $t.7S!a$2. White
extracted, 6Mii7}ic per pound. Beeswax, 26c.
The Colo. Honey. Producers' Assn.

San Francisco, June 28.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, 11@— cents; amber, 8<^10c. Extracted,
white, 5i4@— cents; light amber, 4@45ic; am.
ber, 3@3Kc; dark amber, 2H(9— c. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 27@29c; dark. 25@26c.

Market is quiet and presents in the main an
easy tone, especially for other than choice to
select water-white. In a limited way on local
account the latter sort is salable to fair advan-
tage. Common amber grades are not readily
placed, even at low figures, either for shipment
or on local account.

CROP 1905

We have a party warning' tbe first car o*^ aew
comb honey. It would probably pay those hav-
ing such B"oods to write us.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,

28Atf MANZANOLA, COLO.

QUEENS ~

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease.
One Untested Queen, 75 cents ; 5 for $4 ; 12 for
?7.oO. Two-frame Nuclei, with (iQeen,>:3 25

^*° LUTHER PRESSWOOD,

28ESt

RELIANCE, Polk Co., TENN.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

complete: than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee= Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount* to tbe Trade.

496

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURMAL

July 13, 1905

®®

BEE-WARE

OF THE SO-CALLED CHEAP PRICES ON

SECTIONS

THEY MEAN POOR GOODS,

POOR "WORKMANSHIP,

TROUBLE, DELAYS,

AND DISSATISFACTION.

Millions of Lewis' Sections now
Ready for You.

Read What Has Been Said by Thos ^ Who Know

Oakland, Mo., Maj 22, 1905.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen: — Your sections are simptl; superb.

Tours respectfully. Kobert Wilson.

Rome, Pa., Route 16, May 22, 1905.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertowa, Wis.

Gentlemen : — I think the sections the best I ever saw.

Tours truly. W. J. Hill.

G,

Smitbville, Ga., May 9, 1905.
B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.
Gentlemen : — Am anxious to use your sections, for I consider them
the best made. Yours truly, R. P. Johnson.

Deerfibld, Iowa.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen; — I want to say that I ""onsider your make of sections
the nearest perfect of any I have ever had. I have folded packages of
500 without breaking one, and I can not say that of others I have used.
Yours truly, George Brown.

Gkand View, Iowa, June 3, 1904.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Geidlemea : — [ received those sections in good shape, and am well
pleased with the same. They are all right in every way. I shall rec-
ommend your bee-supplies to other bee-keepers. 1 think you make
better goods than any other tirm in the world. Accept my thanks.
Yours truly, George B. McDaniels.

Kenton, Ohio, May 4, 1904.
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen : — The goods are simply fine in every respect. We have
compared a few of the No. 1 sections bought of another firm which we
carried over from last season with your No, 2, and find that the No. 2
are superior. Yours truly, Norris tt Akspach.

Centralia, Kans.
G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis.

Gentlemen : — Everybody wants Lewis sections.

Yours truly, A. W. Swan.

B. Lewis Co.,

Bee=Keepers' Supplies
WATERTOWN, WIS.

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Bee Journal

CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 20, 1905

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New Home of Mr. C. P. Dadant, with Jlississippi River Showa in the Rear at the Left.

(See page 502)

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498

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20, 1905

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BV

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal fs
Sl.UO a year, in the United States, Canada, an<l
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, 5U
cents a year extra for poBtape, Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-IjABETj DATE indicates the
endof the month to which your subscription ispai-i.
For instance, *"deco5" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, I9u4.

SITBSCBIPTION KECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but.
change tbe date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING KATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and detcnd its members in their
lawful Titrhts. . . .v, ^ ,* *. *

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
honey. _

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Vfla,

f^ If more convenient. Dues maybe sent to the
DubliBhers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tiie Honey-Producers' League

(Incorporated)

OBJECTS:

1, To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUBS

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of i!n) colonies of bees (spring countt
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (i) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keepinK.

George W. York. Manager.

334 Dearborn St.. Chicago, ill.

Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to theend of
1905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending ubONE NEW subscription with $l.(i0forthe
Bee Journal a year. Now is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the oCBce of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding- one
ponnd of honey net, one gross in case complete
in 5-gT08S lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New York. If jou want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265 A, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please meation the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-lceepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's (ioo<ls. Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Lo^v Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E, HILTON,

28A.12t FREMONT. MICH.

Please mention Bee journal "wlien 'wrltine

^(ii?i5?^??»??(<?*»Tw'5T^T*»??^^

<• If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods at Root's Prices

«#

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .•. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Mail

••.«r

.■if:

Untested Queen $ .75

Select Untested Qneen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Tf.*' TfjfTf? '?♦.» 'ifj* '"!#.* '!f^ '!#.» '?•■• *!•■* ff-* '!#■ '?•■* '?••* •?•■* "-9^ '?•■• '?#P ^t.* 'It? >•? *!#? '!#•* *.f .* tW

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Return Mall. Safa Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.IOS1S. . ONt SIX Twr

Untastad . , >. - - - $0.75 $*.00 »7

Selaet Untastad ...... 1.00 5.00 9

Tested ; . 1.50 8 00 15

Select Tasted 2.00 10 00 18.

Select Breeders, each $3.00

Twe-frama Nucleus and Red Clover Queen 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

LEWIS' SECTIONS,

SHIPPING-GASES.

-AND A FULL LINE OF-

BEE-SUPPLIES BY RETURN
FREIGHT OR EXPRESS.

SEND TO

H. M. Arn'd, Manager.

York Honey -"it^pBEf- Co.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. «& N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalogs and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Ooods
at Factory Prices and Prompt Siiipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please lention the Anierican Bee Journal ffyJuYsSS^

July 20, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

499

u

DADMT'S FOFIiDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

« ^ BEE-SIJPPLTES - ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

B

Millions of Sections
ShiDDing-CasesfSS^DA^Po"!!.'

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee- Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thing- the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Goods in Indian-
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received in the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 7Sc; Select Untested, $1.00; Tested, SI. 00; Select Tested,
$2.00.

CWLM Gf^r\ I I Jf. ^O 1004 East Wash. Street
■ IVl. OWW I I OC \^\Jm INDIANAPOLIS. IND. -f-^ •^•^ ^^
N.B.— A Porter Bee-Escape, or Its equivalent, FREE with first order, if you say where you saw
this ad. .--iut?t oiwLauxQ m«^h ji/nmaj maen wtsuu^

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June IS, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June IS, 7Sc; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June IS, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CMAS. KOEPPEN,
17A.26t Fredericksburg, Va.

Wanted

I Partner in the bee-
uusiaess. Mustnu-
derstand his bnsi-
nesp. I have bees,

hives, and all other supplies we need.

QUILLERMO ARNOLU, box 44, Cardenas, Cuba

;i>\l/\lAi/\li\i/U/\i/\i/U/\li\l/\l/(l/\l/\l/\i/\|/Vl/\l/U/UAl/\«/\

:^

SUDDII6S ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest

variety of everything needed in the ^•

Apiary, assuring bestgoodsat lowest ^

'.^ prices, aua (jiuuipt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free lUus- ^'

^ traied Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ft;

.3> Write at once for Catolog, either English or German language. ^i

^ KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. «'

9 AGENCIES $:

^ Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton & Ford, (iarden City, Kansas, ft:

■^ Stougart& Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^•

:^ Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., Sao Antonio, Tex. ^;

FINE QUEENS

By Return riall. From mj
3 and 5 banded long^-tongned
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, 75c; untested,
60c; no disease. I g'uaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW

23Atf R. F.D. No, 1. MILO, MO.

QUpNS!

We have secured the services q

of one of the best Queen special- a

ists in the U. S. Over 20 years' j?

experience rearing- (jueens. Our S

Yard is stocked with select breed- M

ers from the best yards in Amer- j!

ica, and can send Queens by re- ^
turn mall.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens l.SO

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOUBJIDO, OHIO.

500

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20, 1905

IN SEASON

Sections

We have a larger stock of sections than we ever had at
this season, and are prepared to make prompt shipment of sec-
tions, foundatioD, and most other goods. There has been very
little delaj' in orders all season except in a few cases where
something special has held some orders longer than usual. Our
agents generally are also in a position to make prompt ship-
ment. It the bees get lots of honey, and you need more goods
quickly, remember we are in a position to furnish them by first
train.

" I desire to thank you for being so prompt in sending the
sections I ordered from you. They came in less time than it
takes to tell it." L. G. Reed.

Kent, Ohio, July 10, '05.

Special Price on Tin Cans

We recently secured a special bargain in half-gallon square
cans. They are choice bright stock ; but as the pattern differed
slightly from the regular one they are now making, they closed
them out at a special price. We have also an overstock of
quart oblong square cans. While this stock lasts we will make
the following prices for shipment from Medina only :

J^-gal. oblong square cans with l^-jj'-inoh screw, $5.00 per
100; i;45 00 per 1000.

J^-gal. square cans with 1-inch screws, $6 00 per 100.
>^-gal. " " IJi-in. " 6 50

K-gal. " " IK-in. " 7.00 "

In 500 lots, 50 cts. per 100 less.

We have also a good stock of one and five gallon cans at
regular prices.

Glass Honey-Packag'es

Anticipating a demand for honey jars and bottles we have
put in two car-loads of stock before the summer shut-down of
the glass-factories, so that we are prepared to furnish the vari-
ous jars listed in our catalog. We have also a few odds and
ends of stock, such as we formerly listed, which we offer, to
close out, as follows. We can not duplicate these when pres-
ent stock is sold:

1-lb. tin-top tumblers. No. 789, 5 bbls. of 200 each, at .?4.50
per bbl.

IK-lb. tin-top glass pails. No. 778, 2 bbls. of 100 each, at
$5.00 p"er bbl.

Large lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 777, 1 bbl. of 150, $5.00.

Small lb. tin-top glass pail, No. 776. 1 bbl. of 300, $5 50.

1-lb. Oaken Bucket tin top, with wire bail, 1 bbl. of 150 for
$5.00.

These prices are all a dollar less than we used to sell these
tumblers and pails at. We have also a little loose stock which
we will pack and include at same rate.

Wide-Mouth Mason Fruit-Jars

The car-load price on Mason fruit-.iars is over a dollar a
gross higher this year than last. We carried over quite a large
stock, which we will sell at the same prices as heretofore —
namely :

Pint doz., 52 cts. ; 6 doz., $3.00; 12 doz., $5 75

Quart " 55 cts.; " 3.10; " 6 00

Half-gallon... " 75 cts. ; " 4.10; " 8.00

Triumph wrench, 15 cts. each.

Ball's waxed riugs. Sets, per dozen. These are far supe-
rior to rubber rings for fruit-jars, and cheaper.

In addition to the regular style of Mason jars we have a
stock of wide-mouth special Masons, with 3-inch opening.
These are especially desirable for canning large fruit whole, or
for packing chunk comb honey. These jars are of extra
quality, and cost $1.65 per gross more than the regular pattern.
As we do not list them, we offer our present stock at an advance
of 10 cts. per dozen, $1 20 per gross, on any size. They have
zinc caps and rubber rings. We have no wax rings of the right
size to fit these jars. They are a bargain at this price.

Caucasian Queens

We can spare a limited number of imported Caucasiau
queens, received direct from the best breeders in Caucasus.
Prices as follows :

Extra select Caucasian imported queens $15 00

Select Caucasian imported queen 10 00

Extra select untested Caucasian-Italian queens,
from Caucasian mothers mated with Italian

drones 3 00

Select do 3 00

Orders filled in rotatation. Delivery begins about July 15.

" How to Keep Bees "

A charmingly written manual describing clearly, and in
detail, the outfit, first steps, and methods. The author's well-
known literary ability has combined with her enthusiasm for
the subject to produce a very unusual volume.

Finally, with all due deference to the authors of excellent
books on bee culture which we have already, my opinion is that
this new book, " How to Keep Bees," is the best one for a be-
ginner, or one who does not wish or expect to keep more than
a dozen colonies, that has yet come before the world. — A. I.
KooT, in Gleanings, July 1.

Price, $1.00. Postage 10 cts. extra.

Gleanings' Contests

Second-Prize Photo.— Very liberal awards for best
photos of apiary and other beekeeping objects of interest. Full
particulars on application.

Pair Contest. — Gleanings offers prizes of $10, $5, $3 and
$2 for the largest list of subscribers taken by agents during
Fairs throughout the country this fall. Here's a chance to
make money on regular commissions and prizes. Write for
entry blank and particulars.

Complete Catalog by Return Mail.

The A. I. Root Company

:L^EIDI2Sr.A., OHIO

BRANCHES : GhicaQO, 144 E.. E,rie St. Philadelptiia, 10 Vine St. New York, 44 Veseu St.

^AAA A

( Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matterj
Published Weekly at 91>00 a ¥ear by Oeorge 1¥. ¥ork Jk. Co., 334 Uearbom St.

OBORQE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 20,1905

VoL XLV— Na 29

/T

(fbttorial Hotes ^ (Eommcnts

=\

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J'

Locality in Bee-Keeping

A ffcw years ago it became somewhat the
fashion to make a joke of the matter of
locality, possibly because some attributed to
locality things not fairly due to it. But its
real importance can not be pooh-poohed out
of existence. The fact that in Australia bees
are busily working at Christmas, and are in
winter quarters July 4, is a mere matter of
locality ; as also the fact that in the southern
part of the United States bees are at work
weeks before they are out of winter quarters
in the North.

Bui differences of locality are not alone
shown by parallels of latitude. Differences of
flora or other differences may be such that a
plan of work in a certain place may be excel-
lent, while not at all appropriate in another
place only a little distance away. For ex-
ample, a bee-keeper in a part of Illinois where
clover is the chief, if not the sole, source of
surplus, might be somewhat puzzled upon I
reading of P. H. Elwood's plan of manage-
ment, and would be likely to say :

" I don't quite see how I could carry that
out. I'm to dequeen no colony, if I under-
stand correctly, until it is found making prep-
arations for swarming. Then the cells are to
be removed just before they would hatch,
which would be in 10 days or more. Then a
cell is given, and it will be another 10 days
before the young queen will lay, or something
like 3 weeks after the colony is dequeened.
Then we are told, ' This operation should be
timed so the young queen will begin to lay at
the lime of the opening of the main harvest.'
That is, the dequeening must take place when
the bees are found preparing to swarm, and it
must be about 3 weeks before the opening of
the main harvest. But bees don't prepare to
swarm till the opening of the main harvest;
60 how can I dequeen when they are found
preparing to swarm, and yet do It 3 weeks
before the harvest ? I don't understand it at
all."

He will understand it better if he under-
stands that Mr. Elwood's main harvest is
probably basswood, which comes lat».r than

tte opening of the white clover harvest ; so
that it would be an impossibility for the said
Illinois bee-keeper to carry out Mr. Elwood's
plan, however good it might be in a basswood
" locality " in New York State.

The moral of which is, that while one is to
study plans and practices of bee-keepers in all
localities, yet in applying the knowledge so
gained one must keep clearly in view the dif-
ference in locality.

Giving Brood to Shaken Swarms

In shaking swarms, some advise giving a
frame of brood to hold the swarm, others say
the frame of brood will make the swarm
desert, and prefer no brood, while still others
advise giving a frame of brood and then tak-
ing it away as soon as the swarm becomes
sufficiently attached to the new home. Just
how long it takes for them to become suffi-
ciently attached may be an open question. J.
A. Green, after saying that swarms deserted
for him when given a frame of brood, was
asked whether such desertion occurred on the
day of shaking or several days after. He thus
replies in Gleanings in Bee Culture:

I believe they all came out again the day
after they were hived. Two years ago a large
percentage, to many of which brood had been
given, swarmed out the next day. Some of
them, though, were hived in only one section
of my hive, with supers above. This season,
all swarms, artiticial or natural, were hived
in two sections of the brood -chamber, gen-
erally with only starters in the frames, and
without brood, except in the case of two or
three afterswarms. Two or three days there-
after the lower section was taken away, leav-
ing them in a brood-chamber six inches in
depth, having the capacity of about five
Langstroth frames. So far as known not one
of them swarmed out. Of course, supers were
given them at the time they were hived.

Mr. Elwood's plan, having an idea that th
thing to do was to keep colonies queenless a
longer time than was done by him. It seems,
however, that Mr. Elwood's plan might be
called requeening rathei than dequeening, or,
to be more exact, dequeening and requeening.
Here is Mr. Elwood's scheme of manage-
ment, as given in the Bee-Keepers' Review by
Irving Kinyon, who, with one other man,
helped Mr. Elwood lake care of 1300 colonies:

" We discouraged swarming until we were
ready to remove the queens. Then, if any
were found preparing to swarm, the queen
was removed, also one frame of bees and
brood. If the queen was an extra good one
she was put in an empty hive with the frame
of brood. The next 6 or 7 colonies dequeened
had their queens killed and one frame of
brood from each taken to put with the queen
that was saved, which made the increase.

" The eggs that these queens would have
laid, if they had been left in the hive, would
hatch after the main honey-flow.

"After dequeening began, each yard was
gone through and the cells removed just be-
fore they would hatch. Since there had been
no eggs laid for several days when the cells
were destroyed the second time, the bees had
given up all idea of swarming, but were very
anxious to have a queen. We now select a
cell from some colony preparing to swarm,
place it in a West cage and give it to the de-
queened colony. This operation should be
limed so the young queen will begin to lay at
the time of the opening of the main harvest,
and this colony will have its share of surplus
honey, as this plan prevents the bees from
dividing their working force at the beginning
of the best harvest; and also gives tbem a
vigorous young queen during the honey-flow.
In destroying these cells we must be sure that
we don't skip even a small one, or it may up-
set the whole plan."

Preventing Swarming by Dequeening

Some years ago a good deal was said about
management by making colonies queenless to
prevent swarming. P. H. Elwood used the
plan successfully, but others reported failure.
Possibly they did not understand correctly

Freslily-Hived Swarms Deserting

A common question from beginners runs
something like this:

" I hived a swarm, and the next day it
sailed off to parts unknown. What shall I do
to prevent such a thing in the future?"

The most frequent cause of such desertion
is heat. A hive unshaded, standing out in the
broiling sun with a very small entrance and
all the rest closed tight, is a pretty warm place
in which to set up housekeeping, and one can
hardly blame the newly-settled family for
moving out.

The remedy is not diflBcult to imagine. If
possible, let the hive be in a cool, shady place.
A temporary shade, and sprinkling with

502

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20. 1905

water will serve a good turn. Give plenty of
chance for air. Some practice leaving the
hive partly uncovered for two or three days.
Some give two stories to the swarm, taking
away the lower story after two or three days.
Either of these plans provides to some extent
against an overheated dwelling. Some prac-
tice giving a frame of brood to the swarm,
with the idea that the bees will feel they can

not aflord to abandon so valuable a piece of
property.

In any case, it all laying queens are clipped
no prime swarm can abscond unless it joins,
or is joined, by some other swarm having a
queen with whole wings. The queen with
clipped wings may be lost, but it is better to
lose the queen alone than to lose both queen
and swarm.

r

iniscellaneous Hctps 3tcms

=^

\=

J

A "Visit to Dadant & Sons. — For many
years we have had a desire to visit the leading
bee-supply manufacturers and dealers in the
United States, who are also our leading adver-
tisers, and finally the opportunity to begin
doing so came last fall. We started out in
October, and, as most of our readers know,
we have had the pleasure of visiting quite a
number of such firms, and also of telling
something about them in the American Bee
Journal. We believe that these personal and
often somewhat minute introductions have
been appreciated both by the firms visited and
by those who read this paper regularly, who,
very likely, are their patrons in a business
way.

The last firm that it was our good fortune
to see was that of Dadant «fe Sons. For more
than a quarter of a century it was " Chas.
Dadant & Son." (Doesn't that look and
sound familiar?) But since the elder Dadant
passed away. In 1902, his son " C. P." has
taken into partnership with himself two of
his sons — Louis C. and Henry C, the former
being in his 26th year and the latter in his
23d.

The first home of the Dadants, and also
their factory, are located right in the woods,
about two miles from Hamilton, 111., for they
began by growing grapes and keeping bees, and
their present business has developed slowly
from these. There are so many trees around
their factory and other buildings that it is
impossible to take a good view of them from
any side, however we succeeded in getting a
snapshot of the main factory, or at least the
smoke-stack, as shown herewith.

One of the buildings, constructed of iron,

Prof. A. J. Cook and Wife, of Los

Angeles Co., Calif., called at this office last
week when on their way to spend a year of
travel and study in Europe. Their daughter, I
Miss Bertha Eldredge, will accompany them,
and devote herself to music while abroad. They
expect to sail Aug. 19, in the meantime visit-
ing relatives in the East. Prof. Cook holds
his 63 years wonderfully well, scarcely look-
ing a day older than when we first met him.
California climate and other things seem to
keep him young in looks and spirit even if
they can not stay the passing years.

Prof. Cook will continue to write monthly
for the American Bee .Journal while he pokes
around various places in Europe. So we can
all anticipate some interesting articles from
his kindly pen during the ensuing year.
And, meantime, all will join us in wishing
the three globe-trotters a safe journey across
the Atlantic, and a pleasant and profitable
year on the other side.

and then painted, contains only beeswax, and
holds something like 20,000 pounds. It is
usually kept full, for the Dadants believe in
having on hand a large supply of beeswax so
as not to run out of the only suitable material
for making their excellent comb foundation.
The original firm of Chas. Dadant & Son
was founded in 1803, and began the manu-
facture of comb foundation in 1878. When

the milling of the foundation, which position
he has held for 23 years, and he figures that if
all the sheets of Dadant foundation be has
made were put end to end, they would reach
two-thirds of the way around the earth. In
a few more years Dadant's foundation will
encircle the globe.

The bulk of the foundation made by the
Dadants is the " Weed process," which refers
to the method of sheeting the wax before
milling it. Mr. Leon Saugier, Mr. Dadant's
sOQ-in-law, and also brother of Joseph
Saugier, is in charge of this part of the work.

They have a certain foreign trade that for
some reason will have only the foundation
made by the old or dipping process of sheet-
ing the beeswax.

The Dadants have always been famous as
bee-keepers also. For 40 years they have run
several hundred colonies for extracted honey
at the home as well as at out-apiaries. For 12
years— from 1872 to 1884— Mr. C. P. Dadant
alone managed 550 colonies in 5 or 6 apiaries.

THE LATE CHAS. DADANT.

MAIN FACTORT OF DADANT & SONS.

they began it was the intention to make only
for their own use, as they were extensive bee-
keepers. The first year they made 500
pounds, but they made it so good that others
wanted some of it, so the second year they
made 2000 pounds, the third year 6000, and so
kept on, some years making more and some
years less, until during the year from July 1,
1903, to July 1, 1904, they made and sold over
115,000 pounds, which put them away up at
the head of the manufacturers of comb foun-
dation. If this season should continue as did
that of 1903, they may again reach their ban-
ner record.

One secret of the wonderful success of the
Dadant foundation is that every inch must be
equal in every way to sample. We saw how
they make it, and were surprised at the ex-
treme care with which every part of the pro-
cess is conducted. The least defect is de-
tected by the quick, clear eye of the young
lady who lays each sheet on the paper put
down by another young lady. Thus it is
sorted and papered as it comes from the mill.
These young ladies exchange places occa-
sionally to relieve the monotony of the work.

Mr. Joseph Saugier is the man in charge of

One year (1884) they had 45,000 pounds of
extracted honey. This was their largest crop,
from which they realized $2800 net of all ex-
penses. They use a very large hive, taking 10
Quinby loose-hanging frames, size ll^^xlS)^
inches, outside measure. Their hives face
south, and on the west inside of the hive is
a division-board or dummy, and the back end
is made of two boards. On each of some of
the best colonies (when we were there, June
21), there were 3 and 4 shallow extracting-
supers nearly full of honey. And they had
had only one swarm in their 4 apiaries of a
total of 250 colonies, so far this season ! They
have practically no swarms. They run their
apiaries for huney, and not for swarms ! They
believe in large hives — big colonies— and then
they always get the honey — if it is to be had
from the fiowers. Their methods are success-
ful, and they know it. When we enquired
why they did not push the sale of their spe-
cial or Dadant hive, Mr. D. replied, " Oh,
bee-keepers think it is too expensive." We
found it costs only about $1.00 more than the
ordinary hive. Surely, that should not pre-
vent business bee-keepers from buying them,
if by their use and following the Dadant sys

July 20, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

503

tern of management larger crops of honey can
be secured.

Mr. Dadant has promised to write a series
of articles on their hive and management for
the readers of the American Bee Journal in
good time for the season of 1906. To the bee-
keeper who desires to make a financial suc-
cess of producing honey, those articles will
be worth hundreds of dollars. There will be
no theory about them. The Dadants produce
the honey, and can give a good reason for the
faith that is in them regarding this matter.

It may not be known to all our readers, but
Chas. Dadant & Son were among the very
first to make successful the importation of
Italian bees on a large scale. They received
as high as 400 queens a year, and sold them
at $10 each, or $30 for a colony of bees with
an imported qneen. Of course, this was long
ago— in the early 70's. Mr. Chas. Dadant
made a trip to Italy at a cost of $400, in order,
if possible, to discover a method whereby a
large number of queens could be safely
shipped to this country. FiniiUy a plan was
devised, each queen being put in a very small
nucleus box, then 22 of the boxes were packed
together and shipped. Often the whole 22
queens, or at least 20 of them, would arrive
safely; then, again, all would arrive dead ex-
cept 2 or 3 in a shipment. The business con-
tinued successful and profitable until com-

petition, and unfaithfulness on the part of
their Italian shipper, put an end to it.

Mr. Dadant is fortunate in his family. Be-
sides his good ^^ite (who, by the way, is a
most faithful and excellent mother, cook and
housekeeper), he has three sons and four
daughters. Louis and Louisa, the two oldest,
are married, the son living on the old home-
stead which is located only two or three rods
from the main factory, and the daughter about
a half mile away. Henry and Maurice are the
other two boys. Louis and Henry are gradu-
ates of the University of Illinois, and Maurice
has still three years of work there. The
daughters at home are Valentine, Clemence
and Harrietta, the last being the " baby " of
the family, about 10 years old. Miss Valen-
tine, who has also attended the University, is
president of the Hamilton Library, an organi-
zation formed three years ago through her
efforts, and of which the town is justly proud.
It is open to the donation of good books, and
has now almost lOOO volumes.

Last year Mr. Dadant built a most beauti-
ful and substantial brick house, from which
at the rear the majestic Mississippi River can
be seen for nearly 14 miles. It is just oppo-
site Keokuk, Iowa, from which city it looks
like a young college in the distance. He and
his family moved into it last December.

Hamilton, the home of the Dadants, is just

across the riv^r from Keokuk, a fine railroad
and driving bridge, three-fourths of a mile
long, spanning the Mississippi at that point.
Hamilton is a city of 1300 inhabitants, and
Keokuk about 15,000.

Mr. Dadant is vice-president and director of
the State Bank of Hamilton. Louis C. is also
a director. Mr. Dadant's property interests
in and about Hamilton are extensive. He is
the leading business man of the city, and one
whom all respect and delight to honor.

We shall not soon forget our very enjoyable
visit with the Dadants. We were royally en-
tertained, Mr. Dadant devoting himself
wholly to us from the time of our arrival un-
til we departed. We understood how he
could thus absent himself from the business
when we saw how his sons, Louis and Henry,
made things hum in the ofiloe and factory.
They are taking right hold of the work, so
that Mr. Dadant is required only occasionally
during the day or week simply as counsellor,
his advice aud experience often being of in-
estimable value.

In next week's issue we will complete the
account of this trip, telling of a visit to the
old city of Nauvoo, and also of an 11-mile
carriage drive to see Mr. E. J. Baxter, a
brother-in-law of Mr. Dadant, who is another
large and very sucoessful bee-keeper.

-V Contribiiteb -f
Special Ctrticles

=\

Light-weight vs. Full-Weight Sections

BY L. V. RICKETT8

FOLLOWING my article on light-weight sections being one
cause of the small demand for section honey, on page 229,
1 will say that with the sections now iij general use, a 24-
section case of No. 1 separatored honey will weigh not more
than 22 pounds, on an average, which is 14=3 ounces per sec-
tion, q

» As stated by M. A. Gill (page 213), these sections were at
first intended to hold one pound of comb honey, which they
did, on an average, as they were used without separators, but
since separators have come into general use, and as by their
use the holding capacity of sections is reduced, we find that
the original 16-ounce section of honey has been reduced to
approximately 14;3 ounces ; yet it is being sold to the c<in-
sumer as a pound of honey.

This reminds me that for many years, and until about a
decade ago, a well-known soda company put up their soda in
two different sizes of packages, one size contained 12 ounces,
and the other 16 ounces. For many years the lighter weight
package was the one generally sold, but finally some of the
more enterprising of our grocerymen adopted the heavier
package. For a long time both sizes were sold, one grocery-
man selling the 16-ounce, while his competitor across the
street sold the 12-ounce size, yet the price was exactly the
same — 10 cents per package. But this state of affairs has
changed by the light-weight packages being forced out of the
market.

I predict that within 10 years from to-day the average
weight for a 24-section case of No. 1 separatored honey will be
24 pounds, or 16 ounces per section. This change will at first
be made by a few bee-keepers adopting a section large enough
to hold 16 ounces of No. 1 separatored honey, thereby increas-
ing the sale of their product and finally forcing others to fol-
low in their foot-steps.

Imagine a butter manufacturing company producing
bricks of butter weighing only I473 ounces coming in direct
competition with a company producing bricks weighing 16

ounces. Would they not soon be forced to increase the weight
of their product, or be driven from the market? A "pound
of comb honey " and a " section of honey " are synonymous
terms in the minds of the average consumers of section honey,
yet they are learning to their dissatisfaction that when buy-
ing a section of honey they seldom get a pound.

Leo F. Hanegan (page 268) says in his locality they have
trouble in getting 4>ixl% sections to weigh 22 pounds to the
case of 24 sections, on an average, when used with separators
when being filled, while across the country 8 miles from his
locality the bee-keepers must use sections of 1^4 inch width
in order to keep them from weighing over 23 pounds per case
of 24 sections. He says : "Our market demands an average
of 22 pounds per case of 24 sections of No. 1 honey," and asks
me to name one size of section for those two localities. My
answer is to use a section a little larger than the largest one
mentioned by Mr. Ilanegan — one that will average 16 ounces
to the section of No. 1 separatored honey. No one expects to
have each and every section weigh exactly 16 ounces.

The idea is to have them average that amount as nearly
as possible. I don't believe the old man, " Locality," will
assert himself so forcibly as to make it necessary to use two
different sizes of sections in order to have them average 16
ounces each.

As to Mr. Hanegan's market demanding 22 pounds per
case, I think he meant the wholesale market or commission
houses, and not the real market, which is the consumer. It
is this market that we must endeavor to please with regard to
the weight of sections, and not the large buyer, for if we have
plenty of those who buy and consume our product, there will
be no difficulty in finding the large buyer. There is where a
great mistake is made by bee-keepers trying to please the
large buyer instead of the consumer.

Perhaps the principal argument advantage by the advo-
cates of light-weight sections is, that the consumer often pre-
fers them, as they cost (when sold by weight) a cent or two
less than one of full weight. With reference to this I will say
that a customer who is too poor to buy 16 ounces of honey at
one time is too poor to be reckoned as a purchaser and con-
sumer of honey. And a family that can not use 16 ounces of
honey before it goes to waste is tint to be considered as a con-
sumer of honey. The facts arc that those light-weight sec-
tions are preferred by some for the purpose of some one to
receive pay for something they nrver possessed. This ' some
one " may be either the producer, wholesaler, or retail mer-
chant, but it is never to the bisi interest of the consumer or
the bee-keeper at large, as it tends to decrease the demand
for honey, and also its consumption.

Whitman Co., Wash.

504

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20, 190S

Knowing the Age of Bees Quite Necessary

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

MANY seem to suppose that a knowledge regarding the
age of bees is of minor importance, and something which
only scientists should be interested in. This I think is
a very mistaken idea, for in all our manipulation of colonies
we shall succeed only as we keep the right proportion of bees
of all ages in each or any colony we may make.

Nothing in the bee-business has given me more pleasure
in the past than experimenting to ascertain the different ages
of bees, and the different ofBces they perform at certain ages
when in a normal condition. When these conditions are not
complied with the colony is thrown out of balance, and in that
unbalanced condition we find that bees will feebly perform
any office of the hive till they can arrange matters normally
again. Then it is that we find very young bees going into the
fields, when they will bring less than one-half the load that
the bees over 16 days old will carry. Old bees will rear
queens which are not of half the value of those reared by the
younger or nurse-bees, and some workers will even lay eggs,
while this office is usually restricted to the queen.

In these experiments I have found that queens reared un-
der the most favorable circumstances attain the average of 4
years, and that, too, under the great stimulus which is
brought to bear on them under our modern bee-keeping,
wherein a queen is coaxed to lay more eggs each year than
did the queens of our fathers. In this way queens are con-
strained to lay from 3000 to 4000 eggs daily, while in box-hive
times, if a queen layed from 2000 to 2500 eggs in a day she
was doing remarkably well.

On one occasion I had a queen that lived and did good
work till she was nearly 6 years old, laying prolifically till
within about 3 months of the time of her supersedure, while
several have lived to be nearly or quite S years old.

Then I have had queens reared in little nucleus boxes, as
was quite the general way 30 years ago, which would not live
more than 5 to 9 months, and never keep more than 4 or 5
Langstroth frames full of brood while they lived. Those rear-
ing queens in this way were generally the ones who did not
think that there was anything worth looking after regarding
the age of the bees, which bees were making the best they
possibly could out of the bad plight into which their would-be
bee-keeper placed them. In a state of Nature neither all old
bees nor all very young bees rear queens, unless some accident
happens to force them to do so ; and I have found it a good
plan not to adopt the " accident " policy if I wish to rear
queens which will tend toward an improvement in the bees in
the apiary.

The worker-bee rarely attains to a longer life than 45
days during the months of June, July, August and September,
while those emerging from their cells in September may live,
many of them, till the next May or June, if not injured by our
winters, their life being prolonged above the 45 days just in
proportion to the work that they do, or the amount of hard-
ship they are required to undergo. Never have I known a
worker-bee to survive a single year, and I do not believe it
possible for such a thing to come to pass.

I find that, approximately, the bee is in the egg form 3
days ; in the larva form 53^ to 6 days, and in the pupa form 12
days. After emerging it takes the bee from 6 to 12 hours to
get fully straightened out, soon after which it begins prepar-
ing chyle for the larvie of the hive, doing this work very
largely till it is 6 days old, when, if the weather is- pleasant,
it comes out of the hive for the first time to take an airing
and mark its location, still continuing its work inside of the
hive— feeding the brood, building comb, evaporating nectar,
etc. — until it is 16 days old, when it goes out to labor as a field-
bee, after which it does very little of the inside work of the
hive, and dying of old age from 25 to 29 days later. While
these bees that are over 16 days old can be forced, through
being made queenless, to prepare chyle and rear queens, still
queens so reared will work after about the same order as will
the workers at field-work, when forced out after honey and
pollen when only 5 or 6 days old. In all our artificial increase
of colonies it is well so to form them that bees of all ages will
remain in each part of any division made.

I find that the life of the drone is nearly the same as that
of the worker undnr favorable conditions, but a very preca-
rious life he lives; for at any time when a scarcity of honey
prevails, and the bei^s are not fed by the apiarist, the drones
are unmercifully driven from the hives or are killed by the
workers. I have seen it stated that the drones do not live
one-half the time tlu' \v<]rkers do, the proof of which was the
writer's experiments made with a nucleus colony. All bee-
keepers should know that drones are " commoners ;" that is,

they have the privilege of entering, unmolested, any hive that
allows its own drones to remain, and that if they are driven
from one hive they are allowed to enter another which is re-
taining its drones. Such is the experience with all close ob-
strvers along this line.

A nucleus having a queen just fertilized has no more need
of drones, and persecutes them till they leave, or, if they per-
sist in staying, kills them. But with an isolated hive, and
feeding when there is a scarcity in the fields, it is quite easy
to prove that drones will live from 40 to 45 days.

It is a rare thing that any drones live over the winter, but
in one or two cases when the hives were unusually full of
stores, all during the late summer and fall months, I have
had them live so as to be flying in February, but they seem to
wear out faster during a state of inactivity than do the work-
ers, for with the advent of pleasant days in the latter part of
March and the first of April they are soon all gone, and that
when they are not driven from the hives.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

=\

(£onr>cntton
Procecbtngs

«/

Report of the Chlcaeo-Northwesteru Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, ill.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904.

[Continned from page 490 J

ABSCONDING OF SHOOK SWARMS.

"How to prevent absconding of shook swarms."

Mr. Smith — I find hiving them on a frame of brood as a
rule would prevent that.

Dr. Miller — May I ask Mr. Smith whether he finds in
hiving on a frame of brood they start cells on that brood?

Mr. Smith — Yes, I have found that also; not as a rule,
though.

Dr. Miller — One of the writers says, Give them a frame
of brood and within two or three days take it away again
to prevent them starting queen-cells.

Mr. Becker — If I have two swarms that come out at the
same time I hive them on a frame of brood, and I never
had one yet that left if I did that : and I always do it if I
have two swarms come together.

Dr. Miller — Are you talking about natural or shaken
swarms?

Mr. Becker — -Natural swarms.

Mr. Snell — I never practised that very much, but when-
ever I have done so I have given the colony a frame of
brood, and as yet I have never had them desert,

Mr. Whitney — I have practised shaking swarms and I
have never had the shaken swarm leave the hive. Some-
times if I shake them on comb I take the queen with them,
and I never had them leave.

Mr. Hutchinson — I never have had any experience myself
with shook swarming, but quite a number of those who have
written articles on that subject have made one point quite
clear, that the bees should be pounded and disturbed and
jarred until they fill themselves thoroughly with honey. The
natural swarm fills itself when it starts out, and when that
point has been attended to there has been very little trouble
with absconding. Whereas, if we simply take them off the
combs without any of this previous disturbance there will
quite frequently be absconding.

Mr. Abbott — I want to ask if the people who practise
shaking swarms give them the queen at once? The question
is asked if they start cells on the comb? Do they not have
a queen given them at once?

Mr. Hutchinson — They have the old queen.

Mr. Abbott — Suppose you make two or three swarms out
of a colony?

Dr. Miller— We don't.

Mr. Abbott — I thought if they would give them a queen,
and they had brood, I couldn't see why they would start
cells.

Dr. Miller — As a matter of fact they do start cells. There
are two things you are getting a little mixed, the absconding
and the starting of queen-cells. The point is, Do they start
cells? They have started cells for me in more than one case,

July 20, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

505

and perhaps you who say tliey do not abscond, if you had
examined carefully you might find that they had started cell>.
What they start cells for I don't know. Mr. Stachelhauscii
' says they start cells and he gives them the sheet of brood,
holding them there so that they won't abscond. Whether
they would go on with that and rear a queen and swarm
again I don't know, because I always stopped them and look
them away. But it is, I think, a pretty common thing that
they start cells when you give a frame of brood to a shaken
swarm.

Mr. Whitney — Perhaps I don't understand. When I said
they didn't abscond when I put them on frames of comb it
is simply old combs with the queen. I don't understand that
they would commence queen-cells under such circumstances
as that. But when I give them uncapped brood and eggs 1
have never had them trouble me by attempting to abscond,
but they do rear queen-cells, and they will rear a queen un-
less you introduce one, of course. I would think if they didn't
commence making queen-cells you would have a very weak
colony of bees very soon. When parts of mine leave the hive
sometimes I have shut them in for 36 hours, and especially
if I move that hive away from the old stand; and I have
never had any trouble, and I have shaken swarms a great
many times.

Mr. Abbott — I made shook swarms long before I ever
heard tell of shook swarms, at least I suppose I was doing
the same thing. I did this : I took a colony of bees and
divided it up into two or three colonies sometimes and gave
them all a laying queen. I had the queens, maybe a dozen,
before I commenced my work, and with each colony went a
queen, turned loose at once, and they had one frame of brood
and the rest foundation, and under such circumstances I have
never had any cells started or had any trouble. My idea was
to bring out the point that the way to make shook swarms

is to keep a number of laying queens on the colonies you
want to divide, and then turn the laying queens loose at
once, and I don't think they wdl build any cells if you do
that.

Mr. Hutchinson — If I understand the matter, they do not
shake the bees from the colony until they have made prepa-
rations for swarming ; and the bees are shaken off on the
old stand and the brood given the bees on the new stand;
and the old queen and all of the bees, or nearly all, go on
the old stand, and the flying bees that come back join that,
and that has a queen ; and what we have been talking about
is the giving of a new swarm a comb of brood to prevent
them absconding, and sometimes they go to work and build
cells on that. That is all the division they usually make; they
do not divide them up into several parts; they just have the
two ; and the old combs of brood are usually given a queen-
cell nearly ready to hatch, or else given a laying queen,
preferably a laying queen. If it is given, then there is no
use going to work and hunting up the queen-cells and de-
stroying them, because that colony and laying queen will
destroy them themselves.

Mr. Smith — I believe it is their instinct for ther own
preservation. You disturb a colony of bees, or alarm them,
and they will immediately start queen-cells, but they will cut
them out again after they find their old queen is secure, in
a day or two. I think that is the reason ; it is the fear of
their queen being injured or taken from them that they
start queen-cells.

Mr. Snell — I would like to ask any one who has given

a shook swarm a queen, and then that colony started cells,

if he has ever known them to be matured and a swarm made

from such colonies? I would doubt their doing it very

much.

(Continned next week.)

/T

'^ociox ITliUcr 5 Qucstton^^ox

=\

\=

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Jouraal,

or to Dr. C. C. Millbr, Mareng-o, 111.

tg~ Dr. Miller does iu>t answer Questions by mail.

J

Putting Weak Colonies Over
Strong Ones

I see that you wish everybody to report re-
sults in putting a weak colony over a strong
one. We tried 13 that way and we had no
queens killed.

We were very well satisfied with the results.
We have 8 pairs slill together. May not the
use of hybrid bees explain failure in other
cases? Missoi'Ri.

Answer. — I don't know. It doesn't seem
that there should be any difTerence between
hybrids and others, but sometimes there is a
difference where it is not suspected.

Putting On Supers— Dividing for
Increase

1. What is gained by putting the second su-
per below the first one?

3. Why put on a second super until the first
one is full \

3. Why not take the super off when full,
before putting on another one?

4. How long is it after the egg is deposited
in the cell until the cell is capped.

3. At what lime and in what way are the
young bees fed?

6. How long is it after the old queen leaves
the hive with the first swarm until the new
queen meets the drone and is ready to begin
laying?

7. 1 live in southwestern Missouri. Would
it be advisable to divide the bees in a hive
now! My bees have failed to swarm any this
Beason, and I should like to increase my stock.
Can one not having experience divide them
successfully?

How late would it be advisable to introduce
new Italian queens into old colonies, in this

latitude? I have only one Italian colony In
11, which I got by introducing an Italian
queen in September, 1904. I had no expe-
rience at that time, but met with the best of
success, and now the colony is very strong
and working nicely. I have had no swarm
from it. Would it not be better to introduce
new queens about Aug. 1, in this locality?

9. Would it be advisable to try to divide the
colonies after the supers have been put on.

Missouri.

Answers, — I. The bees will begin to work
sooner in the new superif it is put under than
they will if it is put on top,

2. After the first one is full, so that there is
no room for the bees to store, it will slill take
them some time to finish up the sealing so the
sections are fit to take off, and the second su-
per gives them room to work in during that
time.

3. For the reason already given. Try two
colonies side by side the two ways and see
which you like best. At the present writing
(July lU) very few of my colonies have only
two supers on. Some of them have four, and
a few five.

4. Eight or nine days.

5. They are fed by the nurse-bees tor 5 days
or more from the time the larva hatches out
of the egg until it is sealed over.

6. The young queen will emerge from her
cell about 7 or S ilays after the prime swarm'
issues. When 5 days old or older, she will
mate. In l»i days or more from the issuing of
the prime swarm she will begin laying.

7. Yes, by readiofj up well in your book of
instruction so as lo have general principles
well in mind, yi'ii ought to be able to make
increase successfully on first trial, and there
is plenty of time fnr it yet.

8. You can introluoe any time from now
until bees stop work.

9. Yes, if increate is important, although

you must remember that you can't have your
cake and eat it too, and if you turn the force
of the bees toward increase it will interfere
with the honey crop. There are localities,
however, where the harvest is heavy late in
the season, and in such a locality it is possi-
ble to get more honey by dividing early. In
most places a colony that works straight
through without having its forces divided
will store more than the colony and its in-
crease together would store.

Catching ttie Drones— How Many
Colonies to Keep

1. When should the drones be caught?

2. Why are there so many when it is only
necessary for them to meet the queen once?

3. I live in the south central part of the
State. Is it a good bee-district?

4. How many colonies would it be advisable
to keep? Indiana.

Answers. — 1. Any time. Prevention, how-
ever, is better than cure. Allow very little
drone-comb in your hives and you'll have few
drones.

3. For greater safety to the queen. If there
was only one drone for each queen, the queen
might make many trips before mating.

3. Yes, but some parts are better than
others.

4. Probably not more than 100, and perhaps
less than that if other bees are within 3 or 3
miles.

Transferring Bees from Box-Hives

I have a colony of bees in a box-hive. There
are no frames in it. The comb is built every
way in the I 'rood-chamber. I would like to
get them into a modern hive. I have a new
10-frame dovetailed hive. Can I put the new
hive on the ol'' stand and set the old hive on
top of it, fii. . have the bees go down and
build comb m the new hive, getting the bees
out of it in that way? How can I get them
into the uew hive? When would be the best
time of year tu do it? They swarmed June II.

MicaiOAN.

Answer.— It is not certain just how you
will come out if you set the old hive over a
new one. If the old hive is quite large, and

506

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20, 190S

the colony weak, they may not build down
into the new hive. If strong, and the season
good, they may build down satisfactorily. If
they do not build down, it is perhaps as well
to leave them right where they are, so as to
build up strong for winter ; then next year
you can transfer 3 weeks after swarming,
■when there will be no worker-brood in the
hive, driving out the bees, and melting up the
■comb, unless you want to save some of the
best of it. The probability is that the bees
will winter better and be stronger next spring
if you leave them in the old hive, as the col-
ony was probably not so very strong after
swarming.

Bees That Never Swarmefl

I bought 7 colonies 3 years ago, and they
liave never swarmed. Isn't that a very un-
•common thing? Illinois.

Answer. — Yes, it is a most decidedly un-
usual thing, and if you have bees that will do
good work and not one of the whole 7 colo-
nies offer to swarm in 2 years, you have some-
thing to be greatly thankful for.

Fastening Foundation Starters in
Sections

1. How do you fasten starters in the sec-
tions where you put them in say 3Jjj' inches
long? I can not keep them straight, as they
are not fastened at the bottom.

2. I find that when 1 leave as much as Ji of
an inch space between the bottom of the su-
per and the frames, the bees invariably till in
the space with comb and honey. Is it not
best to leave a space about -^o-inch?

MiSSOCRI.

Answers. — 1. At our house they are put
in with a Daisy fastener. The best way to
have the comb fastened well at the bottom is
to use a bottom starter »,' inch.

2. Of course they will build in a space of
J;, of an inch. And they'll build no little in
a 3^-inch space. Don't have it more than J^
inch.

Preventing Robbing— Using Queen-

Cells-Italianizing-Startlng

Nuclei Late

1. How can I prevent robbing among bees?

2. I have a queenless colony with 6 queen-
cells started. Can I use some of them to any
advantage?

3. I have several colonies of goldene and
two of blacks. Would I best get rid of the
black queens?

4. Is it too late in the season to start a new
colony with two frames and a queen?

Kentucky.
Answers.— 1. Robbing is likely to be
started if honey is left exposed where bees
can get at it, especially at a lime when bees
are not gathering. Avoid anything of that
kind. When there is nothing to be had in the
fields, sometimes robber-bees are so trouble-
some that even opening a hive and taking out

the combs will start robbing. At such times
avoid opening hives, or if you already have a
hive open and see by their darting into the
top of the hive that robbers are getting the
start, close up at once, and if for any reason
you must handle the bees, do it under a tent,
or wait till nearly dark before opening the
hives. Weak, queenless colonies fall an easy
prey to robbers. Either break them up or
supply them with a queen. Keep all colonies
strong an^ provided with good queens, and
don't do anything to tempt the robbers, and
you'll not be likely to have much trouble.

2. Yes, if you wish to have more queens,
each cell may be given to a nucleus.

3. Yes, if you find them inferior to the
others, as they probably are.

4. No, you can start in August, by giving
enough help.

Location for Keeping Bees

I am thinking of going to Arkansas, or
western Kansas, to keep bees. The forage is
sweet clover in both places. In which place
will bees do the best? Kansas.

Answer. — That isn't a question that can be
answered in a single word. You will find
good and poor locations in both States. The
best way will be to make a personal visit and
find out whether a certain location will suit
you. The number of bees already on the
ground must be taken into consideration.
The best location in either of the States is not
the best place for you if the ground is already
occupied by others. If you find a place where
there are no apiaries, only some one with a
few colonies who has no intention of increas-
ing the business, and whose bees are doing re-
markably well, that's likely to be a good
place for you. But remember that you can't
count on as good results with 50 or 100 colo-
nies as you can with only 2 or 3.

Queen Laying Several Eggs in a Cell

I have a queen that I reared in a nucleus.
She is of good size and pure Italian; very
gentle. I have seen her lay while holding up
the comb, but I have counted as many as 6
eggs in one cell. What do you think is the
matter with her? She is in a hive, but the
bees cover only 4 frames in it. Do you think
there ought to be more bees in it so the queen
could have more room? Indiana.

Answer. — It is nothing unusual for a good
queen to lay more than one egg in a cell when
she has so small a force of bees that she hasn't
room to spread herself ; although it is unusual
for her to lay so many as 6 in a cell. If she
keeps supplied with eggs all the cells that the
bees cover, you needn't worry about her
throwing in a few for good measure. If, how-
ever, she lays duplicates in a few of the cells
and leaves other available cells empty, there
is something wrong, and if she persists in
that line of conduct she should lose her head.
But it happens sometimes that a queen will
lay in an abnormal manner for a week or so,
and then Ftraighten up and lay as a good
queen should.

The'

Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

BEES AS A NATURE STUDY. I

Prof. Bigelow, on pages 373-5, gives us a
most delightful article. Hard work to handle
it adequately in the limits of this department.
It is well adapted to stir up some of that
strangely large proportion of intelligent peo-
ple who keep themselves oblivious to Nature's
multiple and perennial miracles as shown in
the transformation of insects — things are
created before our eyes, not out of nothing,
but out of incongruous previous things. And

what an enormous mass of world-work —
world's scientific work — is yet to be done re-
lating to insects! Of insect species 30,000
have been describnl (how little that is!), but
of undescribed species there yet remain nine
or ten times as many— say over 250,000 1 Most
of the lesser host of 30,000 still need to have
their life history and characteristics studied
up. I suppose many ambitious young men
and young women have mourned that there
was nothing of world-embracing significance

handy for one to do any more. Just let them
look around here. Here's original scientific
work that will last as long as the coal-beds do.
Let such a youth select one or more insects
for close acquaintance, and put himself in
communication with some institution or uni-
versity that works at this branch of Nature
work.

" How to Make a Cage for Your Canary
Out of Old Umbrella Ribs," is it now? Fine
specimen of Prof. Bigelow's scorn for the
clap-trap arrangements of previous workers
when they studied bees a little. It seems that
they have been very inconsistent, in that they
use costly and nice apparatus to study crea-
tures of much less importance than bees. Still
we must not forget that sometimes very
costly and fine-looking apparatus works — not
half so well as the clap-traps. I object decid-
edly to calling the one-frame observation hive
a failure. Allen Latham has recently been
making it a success to a remarkable degree.
There is room for both the Bigelow Educa-
tional Hive and the one-frame kind. Let there
be no fighting and calling names between
them. The former is new; and a season's
work with it is likely to result in consider-
able modifications — strange if it didn't. I
notice Prof. Bigelow speaks of letting the
bees run in, and letting the bees run out, in-
stead of speaking of putting the bees in and
taking them out. I infer, therefore, that he
has not continued very long working with
bees— in all weathers, and in all their moods
and tenses — and hardly knows yet how con-
trary they can be about doing just what one
wants them to do on mere asking. Students
well inured to bees are likely to prefer in
large measure free manipulations in the open
to bee-tight ones indoors.

The feeder arranged with a powerful mag-
nifying lens attached, to study the bee's mem-
bers "on the critter," and especially the
ligula and its way of taking in honey, I would
commend in the highest terms. I sadly fear
that most of our folks have never taken in the
idea yet that bees can not suck honey through
a straw as breathing creatures can. Just how
far sucticin is got up some other way than by
breathing, and just how far the fiuid is pad-
dled up, or chain-pumped up, or swallowed
up, or by capillary attraction wheedled up, are
fascinating propositions to study.

What we are after most greedily is the
seeming impossibility of a hive in which any
part can be seen at will without disturbing a
bee. We especially need to see them " at
home" with home feelings and quietness.
We want also a prosperous colony and not an
abnormal and woe-begone one. We can dis-
pense with great populousness, but we don't
want the colony too small. The Bigelow Edu-
cational Hive provides for a colony of maxi-
mum strength (which is very well so far) ;
but some of the bigger desirabilities, one can
hardly see how they are provided for.

THE PUCKERING ALUM-WEED HONEY 1

Alum-weed honey, eh ? warranted to pucker
a child's mouth so it can't bawl for seven
hours ! The demand for it should rise with
the progress of the anti-race-suicide reform ;
but Brudder Smith will have to shell out
advertising rates when he tells us his price
for it. Page 376.

SUMAC HONEY AND BLOOM.

The honey that I call sumac (still a possi-
bility of mistake) is amber or yellowish in
color, and in quality not bad — but still not as
good as I wish it was. When raw nectar it
has a tang, a sort of sour, reminding one of
the taste of sumac fruit (the red bobs), it you
ever tried to eat them. My locality is strong
on sumacs, especially Jihus copallina, which
blooms far along in summer, much later than
the other species. Page 361.

COMB HONEY in CONFECTIONERY.

All right to experiment with honey, using
wax and all, for confectionery, but look a lit-
tle out. So little way as my experience goes,
it is that honey always gets more or less of
bad taste from contact with melted beeswax.
Rather queer. Don't seem as though it ought
to be so. Wonder if it is the detergent
quality that makes the mischief — washes tne
wax and takes the impurities to itself. If
that's really the case a little invention may
come in here, too. Page 360.

July 20, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

507

'^

®ur IS^ccUccpinq, Sisters

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

The Laying; of Laying Workers

If you ever have much to do with laying
workers, you'll find that one of their pecu-
liarities is a preference for drone-cells in
which to lay their eggs, and rather than to
take up with worker-cells they will lay two or
more eggs in each drone-cell, if drone-comb
is present. It has been said that they prefer
the lirger cells because they can more com-
fortably reach to the bottoms of the larger
cells to deposit their eggs there. If that be
the case, a queen-cell ought to be still more
to their liking on account of its great diame-
ter. And in actual practice that seems to be
the case, for it is not uncommon to find in a
colony of laying workers a queen-cell with a
plurality of eggs, sometimes as many as a
dozen eggs in one cell.

So when a queen-cell has been found con-
taining more than one egg, it has been
counted a sure sign of laying workers. But
it seems the rule can not be relied on as one
without exceptions. About 10 days ago, in a
prosperous colony whose queen was less than
a year old and doing good work, I found a
queen-cell containing three eggs I I called
Dr. Miller's attention to it, and he said he
had never seen or heard of such a thing be-
fore. Yet since then two other cases have
occurred, one with three eggs in a queen-cell
and one with two. Is there a conspiracy
among the bees to unsettle our dependence
upon a rule that has been heretofore consid-
ered without exception !

Roger's Song

Who loves the rose without a thorn 1 Not I.

No guardian darts around her close.

For every passing hand she blows,

With every touch her bloom is strawn—

I love no rose without a thorn. Not I.

Who loves the bee without a sting? Not I.

'Tis but a stupid, idle drone

May live a feeble life alone,
And be so dull and poor a thing —
I love no bee without a sting. Not I.

Who loves a maid without a will? Not I.
A thornless rose, a stingless bee,
A will-less maid, are not for me;

6ive me the sweet wild briar still—

I love no maid without a will. Not I.

— Dorothea Gore Browne, in Sweetbriar.

Does it Pay to Double Up Colonies ?

Mr. Allen Latham asks the above question,
on page 43.8, and gives the following rather
two-faced answer :

" Evidently it does or so many successful
apiarists would not recommend it. Yet my
own experience in doubling up has never been
satisfactory in the results obtained."

Then he goes on to say that in a few days
the doubled colony has apparently no more
bees than the single one previously had on
the same stand.

In the spring there are times when colonies
dwindle away, and when they are taken with
the " dwindles" it doesn't pay to double up,
a half-dozen of them united will shortly
appear no stronger than each single one
did. Doubling such colonies has not been
advised of late years. Indeed, it is not gen-
erally advised to unite two weak colonies in
the spring if each has a good queen. In the
fall it is advised, as both are likely to die if
not united.

Doubling colonies in the spring is advised
when a colony is queenless. Then is the time
when tile beginner finds it hard to believe
that by reducing the number of colonies she
will have more bees. She thinks that by

giving to the queenless weakling a frame or
brood from time to time she can coax it along
and have it rear a ((ueen. But if she has only
two colonies, and one of them queenless in
early spring, experience will probably teach
her that reducing the two colonies to one will
result in more bees, and more colonies as well,
by fall.

Honey for the Toilet

Apart from the medicinal uses to which
honey is and may be applied, are those con-
nected with the toilet. A small jar contain-
ing honey should be kept on every washstand
and in every nursery. Honey proves a pana-
cea for most of the ills that flesh, or rather
skin, is heir to, in the shape of cracked lips,
roughness of the skin, blotchy patches
around the mouth, which are most disfigur-
ing to even the most beautiful, chilblained or
chapped hands, sore and cracked heels, wind-
caught ears, etc., which can all be prevented
by this simple remedy.

The application is so easy, and no one can
object to it, as they do to so many other
remedies. After washing any part of the
body suffering from any of the above un-
pleasantness, apply to the part affected, while
still wet, a very little honey, by dipping the
finger into the jar and smearing over. To
those who suffer habitually in winter from
any of these distressing complaints, the con-
tinued use of honey will prevent them from
appearing. Begin to use as soon as the
weather gets cold, or as soon as the wind be-
gins to nip. — Irish Bee Journal.

Reports anb
(Experiences

Light Honey-Flow So Far

This is the time when we should have our
heaviest honey-flow, but up to 2 days ago the
beee had barely made a living; now there is a
light flow on and we hope the same will keep
on getting better. Bees in general are in fine
condition and we may have a fair crop yet.
F. Radohfuss.

Arapahoe Co., Colo., June 26.

Good Clover Crop— Unsettled
Weather

There is an abundance of white clover, but
the weather is very broken — so much so that
the bees are handicapped, and can not put in
over halt time. I lost 15 colonies through
spring dwindling, and had to feed a lot of
them. What are left are in good condition.
W. Irvine, Sr.

Webster Co., Iowa, June 19.

Season in North Central California

"One swallow does not make a summer,"
neither does a big rainfall make a respectable
crop of honey. At least such is the observa-
ttion I am led to record in regard to the out-
put of the beehives in that portion of Cali-
fornia about the Bay of San Francisco. For
nigh some 40 years bees have been kept on our
place in the foothill north of Oakland, and
about 12 miles directly east of the Golden
Gate. As near as lean recollect our bees
heretofore stored a fair, or, in most cases, a
good crop of honey, every year we had over
an average rainfall. This year, however,
there is an entire failure of a crop ; in fact, I

have had some colonies make a fair storage of
nectar in our dryest years.

The past winter and spring was above the
average as to rainfall, in places it was much
above the average, and extended over a long
period. The nights, too, were cooler than
usual. This state of affairs no doubt pre-
vented the flowers from secreting nectar.

Such a long, wet season had a beneficial ef-
fect in producing a fine stand of vegetation;
the flowers were plentiful and marvelously
gorgeous. But, as stated, the nectar was lack-
ing, or could it be that the bees were lazy and
thought that there would be an abundance of
flowers the year through, and that it would
be unnecessary to fill their larders with win-
ter stores ! I hardly believe so.

tee drones to go early.

The indications were good for early swarm-
ing. Some colonies cast swarms in April and
some in May, but by the end of May and early
in June I noticed that many colonies began
to drive out the drones; in fact, there was a
great slaughter of them. I never saw the
banishment of the male population of the
hives begin before until toward the close of
July, or in August. This convinces me, too,
that the bees considered the honey season
closed early. No honey, no drones; no
drones, some winter stores, may be. Perhaps
this is bee-logic. W. A. Pryal.

Alameda Co., Calif., June 19.

Gathering from Sweet Clover

I have l.T colonies of bees and they are doing
very well. I have a small field of sweet clover
in bloom and my bees gather lots of honey
from it.

The American Bee Journal is worth its
weight in gold to me. James Ulrich.

Lebanon Co., Pa., June 26.

Terrible Cyclone in Kansas

On May s a most terrible cyclone made its
way through our little town, doing an im-
mense damage to life and property. Twenty
were killed, 4.5 families were made homeless,
§10,000 worth of damage was done to prop-
erty, and a score or more who were seriously
hurt were taken to the school-house. Aid
came from all directions. Kansas City wired
us $1000 to-day.

My loss is $1000, but my family escaped
from injury, so we are thankful. I lost 22
colonies of bees out of 75. The hives and
bees are entirely gone — no trace of them any-
where. Chas. Norlin.

McPherson Co., Kans., May 15.

Waterleaf— A Honey-Plant

I enclose a specimen of honey-plant quite
common here, but have never seen it described
or named in any of the bee-papers. It grows
on high land, in the edge of forests, and in
the old slashings, and yields a light-colored
honey of good quality. Coming as it does be-
tween dandelion and white clover it is a valu-
able addition to our honey-plants. Our bees
often store quite a surplus from it and it is
rarely a failure. F. M. Cottrell.

Shawano Co., Wis., June 10.

[The flower is the common waterleaf
(Hydrophyllum Virginicum). The name is
not a characteristic of the flower, as it does
not grow in water. Damp woods and shady
places suit it best, but it grows well in more
open ground. The pale blue blossoms open
slowly and bloom from June to August, thus
giving the bees a lengthy harvest time.— C. L.
Walton] .

ITALIAN QUEENS

** 1 3 6

Untested 6oo $1.75 $3.00

Tested 90o 2,40 4.50

Safe arriv:il truaranteed.
JOHN LEIMNQER, Ft.Jennlngs.OhIo

29Atf Please meatlon the Bee JoaroaL

508

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20 1905

SECTIONS

MilliODS of Sections. You want quick de-
livery. We have the facililies for executing
orders promptly. Remember that

Quality

is the first consideration
about Sections. "Lewis'
Sections" means highest
quality. Do Dot be misled by low prices. A
clean-cut, brilliant, white section enhances
the price of your honey.

Shipping-Cases

Order your supply now. Pack your honey
in cases before storing away ; this keeps them
in a bright, clean condition. We invite your
inquiries. We can ship promptly.

Lools Hanssen's Sons

a7A<t Davenport, Iowa.

Please mention Bee Journal ■when "wntuig.

THree Reqoislies

SECTIONS

FOUNDATION

SMOKERS

Every comb-honey producer knows how ex-
tremely necessary are these three articles to
Insure success in his apiary.

We Have Xheni All In Guaran-
teed <(uality

8ECXIOMS— We have a quantity of
No. 3 which are better than some we have
seen classed No.l. And to movequiokly— $1.75
for 500; S3 perlOOO.

FOUMOAXIOiH— Thin Surplus, every
inch of it guaranteed to be right or money re-
funded : 1 lb., 65c ; 5 lbs., 62e per lb. ; 10 lbs.,
60c per lb. ; 25 lbs., 58c per lb.

SMOKEKS— The best hot-blast, direct-
draft Smoker made: 4-in., $1.25; 3>^-in., 85c;
3-in., 75e; 23.^-in., 70c; 2-in., 50c.

Why not put those good bees in good hives?
They will appreciate it. You'll feel better
about it, too.

We sell the best made— THE ELCill^'
—patent corners. No nails — no dovetails.

money and bruius cannot make
l>etter. Maybe a circular will make you
believe it. Write for one to-day.

The National Supply Co.

E. End Kimball 5t. Bridge, ELGIN. ILL.

27A3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

^

Qneens by Return Hail

The Standard- Hred kind, reared by some of the
best queen-breeders in America, and warranted purely
mated. Sent by return mail at these prices :

One Untested Queen for 75 cents; 3 for $2.10: or 6
for $4.00.

An Untested Italian Queen-Bee
FREE as a Premium

^^=^= For Sending One Mew Subscriber ^^^^^

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a tine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed ;

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2. Sending your own name with $1.00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle you
to a Queen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a NEW subscrilier; which means,
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee .Tournal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one; and, also, the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
tie made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be
earned in a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

If you can not get a new subscriber, and want one or more of these Queens, we
will send the American Bee Journal a year and a Queen — both for only $1.50.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

G. B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

We carry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundation Cutter free with each order, if you state where ^ou saw this ad.

i3Atf NORRIS & ANSPACH, Kenton, Ohio.

!

"^^

m

^1,

^^B

(^^^3^

g

We are

Manuiacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS-HIVES-AND EVERY-
THING FOR THE BEE-KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments. Low Prices.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

July 20, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

509

DEMAND

Moore's strain ol Italians

Is greater thU season than ever. Why? Because his FAMOUS LONG-TONGUED RED-
CLOVER STOCK has won a worldwide reputation for ho ey aatherinKi hardiness, aod
Keatieness. 1 Bey were working so thick on a field of red clover at haying-time that
the man who cut it was afraid to drive his horsjs into it to mow it. Their long- tongues
enable them to secure nectar beyond the reach of shorttongued bees.

Untested Queens, 73c each; six, $4; dozen, $7 50. Select Untested, $1 each; six, fS;
dozen, $9. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Descripli ve circular free.

Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

29Dtf

P. S

Address, J. P. MOORE, Rt. I,

I am now filling orders BY RETURN iWAIL.

Umii^

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making- for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPIING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPl-lES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFlELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Learn Telegraphy and R.
Accounting

R.

$.')0 to $1C0 per month salary asBured ourpraduates
UDder bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. I*arKest syarem of telewraph scho(kls in
America. Endorsed by all railway ofliLials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted Write lor Catalog.

MORSE School of Telegraphy.

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta. Ga. LaCrosse.
Wis. Texarkana, Te.x. San Francisco. Calif.

2^A17t Please mention the Bee Jouraal

DON'T BE BOTHERED

with lireonpniilfry.HchUd'wLlirht-
nliiff I^k-e KIlllnE Machine in^cant-
IV removes them fn-m tiniest chick
or fat gobbler. 3 sizes. Also Pou Itry
Bits. Lice Murder, Llphtninp Lice
Kitlintr Powder, etc. Cutalotr free.

CHARX^ES SGHIT.D CO..
8 Fronki\>rt Bt. Cleveland, O.

LICE SAP LIFE

Tliiit's how they live and thrive.
Yoii can't have healthy. proHtable
fuwis or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly klllfl all insect vermin and
makes Bittlne hens comfortable.
Sample 10c; 100 oz., 81.00 by express.
O. K. STOCK FOOn CO.,
D.J. Lambert, Vioe-Pres.
406 MoBOB Bide., Ohlcaco, IlL

WB Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let ns quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Journal
wlieti wrltlne advertlserN.

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

< *^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

< Each Powcy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the

^ National Total Abstinence L,eague.

YOU may hold a policy and BOND,
^ General and special agents wanted. Address,

4 3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
eeasoDS, and the quantity of staoding orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my boolis were ckuredof orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETUHN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian ; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones); imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones.

Prices until Oct, 1. I After Oct. 1. I Tested—

Untested 12 for 16.00 | Untested 12 for f 7 .50 i Each $1.50

" 6 for 3.25 " 6 for 4 00 { Breeders—

1 for 60 I " 1 for 75 Each 3.00

a7Ai3t JOHN iy\. DAVIS, Spring Hill. Tenn.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold its naxt meeting at Colleee
Station, with the Farmers' Congress, July 25,
26 and 27, l')ii3. These annual meetings are usu-
ally largely attended and are pleasant and
profitable occasions. Visiting bee-keepers from
other States are cordially invited to be present
with us W H. Laws, Pres,

Louis H. Scholl, Sec.-Treas,

StiiDDlno-Gas6§ I^IV^

Made of Michigan white pine; 24-lb.,S13;
12-lb., SS; 20-lh. Danzy, Sll per 100; less than
100 lots, Wc more each; 3-in. glass. Ic each
more; No.'l Sections, $4; No. 2, .*3.50 per
1000. All l<ind8 of Supplies kept in stock.
Send for list. W. I>. S<»I»ER.

Rural Route 3, JACKSON, MICH,

27Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Capltai City Apiary !

Fine Italian <2u6^n^

Untested, after June 15, ~5c; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders— the very best, $5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. WAI^XER «. HO«S.

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

tjo BIB9.C xs oi 9 mojj }sui pay
c^nooaaaAOxr ^" ^

a

Pat'd 1878, 'SIS, 'Vi Si ItlUS t^

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stoae. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
salts. Comb foundation made easily and

?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Prcss» $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

jarj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.

^'■^"""^Sh^tV^, "^^

'^ LarK

Queens

he KING of li'i/ultr^-. " Large

size, |;ood layers ox finest egtrs.

Hardy and fearless, the best all

•urpose fowl. Willow legs and

lay eyes. Illustrated circular.

26t6year, 'H. H. FLICK,

MANCHESTER. MO.

From best honey-
gathering stock, 60c.
Tested Queens, $1.00.

28A4t

Ri. 1,

^,iich:a.h3Xj

WINCHKsTER, IND.

510

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20, 1905

r^

^
^
$

COLUMBIA

ONE=PIECE SECTIONS

JUNE BARGAIN— Stock C.

We have 300,000 No. 2—4 1-4 x 1 7-8 opeu-top Sections to move quick at the

following prices :

1000— $3.00
3000— 8.50

5000— $13.75
10,000— 25.00

These Sections are extra good grade of No. 2, and we know will please you.

Send your order quick.

COLUMBIA MFG. CO.

ANTIGO. WIS.

I

Dimner's Foundation is iii6 Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, SO percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis>

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

ourHI^VES and SEOTIOlSrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us a

For Qu66ns

■^Vi/\lAi/\i/\lAii\i/\i>

You Need
them NOW

Shipping-Cases

.Si Made with cover all 1q one piece and in any width up to 13 inches, of the best ^

•5 material obtainable for the purpose, in a factory thoroughly equipped to do the ^^

'■^ best class of worli. On account of our near location to the raw-naaterial district we ^

'^ sell them for less money than you can obtain them elsewhere. Be sure to mention ^.

i3 the width desired, and write TO-DAY. All we want is your first trial order. We ^

j» will naturally pet your other trade. ^

I JOHN DOLL & SON, |

^5 Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so, we can fill your order with the best
Qneens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3-band Italians; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$S per doz. Tested Queens, $1 each. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoREAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

tn'V^'afl sT^^Titlcm Bee Juumal 'wnen \7nianft.

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, $1; Untested. 75c; 5 for $3.35; 10 for
J6; 15 for $8.25; 25 for 812.50; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldene, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacrifice.
— (ProT. 3:31.) 6Atf

Please mention Bee Journal \7hen wrltuic

What Adel Bees Do

E. MiLTox, Mass., May 2", 190S.
Send me queen same strain as the one sent
1904. That queen proved the best queen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
IS, 1905. RoBT. Forbes.

AU Tested Queens are $1 each.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

CARNIOLAN QUEENS I

A limited number of choice imported Carnio
Ian Queens will be disposed of during July and
succeeding months. I shall be in Carniola dur-
ing July making these shipments which will
be distributed from Washington, D. C. Price:
Select Imported Queen, *4.ro. Write for rates
for 3 or more. Address, RALPH BENTON,

925 N St., N.W.. Washington, D, C.

July 20, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

511

B66SUPPI16S

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowesi^Prices

We have been making- Bee-
Mives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

)er

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO..

JAHESTOWN, N.Y.

Please mention Bee journal -wtien wrltlxift

iTA.rjiA.isr

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One unteEted queen $.65

One tested qneen '>0

One select tested qneen . . 1.10

One breeding qneen l.oS

One comb nucleus (no

queen) 1.00

All grades ready to send
bj' return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
prices. J* ^-^ STR^^^CJ.

ao4 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 SOUTH Water ST. Chicago. III.

CROP 1905

We have a party wantiag- the first car of new
comb honey. It would probably pay those hav-
ing snch g^oods to write as.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,

28Atf MANZANOLA, COLO.

Please mention Bee jotimal when "WTitme.

AUGUST BLOODED STOCK

rell-known,

I IMV^ - -" ^MarYTJrBf Ho l stein CatUe.
Vil ^L^v-^^^MiftsD^nffll^l^ft^^*^''^ value as
1^4. JoB^ ^^^^^^^r milkers. Ixit-
__ ter makers,

chee^^e makers, beef cattle, etc. Read it. Sub
S'.Tibe n.iw. ■.'..' a year. YoU Can afford 2&c.
BLOODED STOCK, Box 221, Oxford. Pa.

please mfiution Bee Jonmai 'vni'Ui 'wrltUvft

He

fefiMIMiiW^^aitWiMlhlill!

cs

4

O

o

UTi
O

o

Queens now i^eaflu to Suddid
Du l^eiiirn Mail i

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries, '
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as
GREAT HONEV-GATHERERS.

C\r>AAc^*^ l-f oil one Have no superior, and few equals.
vIOIQcn ILallctlld Untested, r5c; 6 for $4.00.

«-^ J /-»! r\^^ ^^.^^ ^ Which left all records be-

Red Clover OUeenS h^d in honey gathering.

^ ^- Untested, 7oc ; 6 for $4.

At Root's Factory Pri

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Oifice and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

_! — : .

Chicago. June 19.— The little that sells con-
sists chiefly of extracted and the market is a
small one. Comb t anges from Xl@-\l%z for the
best white with ofi" g-rades l@3c less. Extracted,
white, 5^(a7c; amDer, 5@bc. Beeswax, ready
sale at 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Albany, N.Y., June 17.— The honey market
here is very cull now. It is between seasons.
Receipts and demand very light. Very little
old crop carried over, and will be in good shape
fornew crop, which begins in August Quota-
tions are nominal now. White comb, 12(«Hc;
mixed. 10@l2c; dark, 10@llc. Extracted, white,
6@6Hc; mixed, 5!^@6c; dark, 6@6>ec. Beeswax,
28@30c. H. K. Wright.

Kansas City, Jane 21.— There is very little
comb or extracted honey on the market at pres-
ent, but what there is is being quoted as fol-
lows: b'ancy white comb, 24 section cases, $2 25
to S2.50; No. 1 white and amber, $1.75 to $2.00.
Extracted, per pound,4H@6c. Beeswax, 25(^28c.
C. C. Clbmons & Co.

PHILADBLPHIA, JuIy 15.— As the season ad-
vances, there is very little call for comb honey.
In fact, no sales, and we make no quotations.
Commission men are accepting any offer they
can get for what little stock they have on hand.
Extracted honey is in some demand. Possi-
bilities of a big crop are holding prospective
buyers back. We quote: Fancy white, 7@75^c;
amber, 6@7c; dark,5J6@6c. Beeswax in good
demand, 29®30c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Cincinnati, July 10.— We sold to day at onr
store new crop of fancy comb honey at 13?^c
per pound. There is still a big stock of last
season's honey on the market, that is going
begging at any price. Extracted honey is mov-
ing quite lively now. We sell amber in barrels
at SJ^iyoHc, according to quality. White clover
at 7@skc, Beeswax, 26c.

Thb Fred W, Muth Co.

New York, Jane 19.— The comb honey mar-
ket is very quiet and we are hardly justified in
making quotations, Some few lots are sold here
and there at I3c for fancy, and 10@12c for lower
grades, but no lart,-e blocks could be moved at
these figures. There iB still considerable of
last year's crop unsold, part of which, no doubt,
will have to be carried over until the fall. Ex-
tracted honey in fairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6ii(&7c for
water-white, 6(gi6Hc for white, and S@5Hc for
light amber. Southern at £0(ti'60c per gallon

according to quality. Beeswax somewhat de
dining; choice average stock selling at 29c.

Hildrbth & Segblkbn

Cincinnati, O., June 9. —There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is In usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, in barrels, at 5J<@5 c; in cans»
5%@6c. Beeswax, 2Sc. C. fl. W. Weber.

Denver, June 26.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enough of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new crop comes in; the same is
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, f2ra$2 20; No. 2. $l.75@$2. White
extracted, 63^(a7j^c per pound. Beeswax. 26c.
The Colo. Honey-Pkoducers' Assn.

San Francisco, July 5.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, 11@— cents; amber, 8®10c. Extracted,
white, S%® — cents; light amber, 4@45^c; am-
ber, 3@3Wc; dark amber» 2Ji@— c. Beeswax,
good to choice, light, 27@29c; dark,25@26c.

There has been no wholesale movement in
honey this week and no new features have de-
veloped.

DOOLITTLE'S

Partner telling his
best girl about the
tine

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one of their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

llDtf Borodino. Onondaga Co., N. Y,

flease mem ion Bee j oomal wtien WTltliu»

10-Page Catalog Free!

4<

^m Full information regarding all kinds of BBE-
KEEPERS' 8CPPLIES. Best goods. Latest im-
provements. Uanzenbaber Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipraerjta. John Nsbel & Son Sppplt
CO.. High lltll. Mo, 3Dtf

Flease mention Bee Journal "when -writing

512

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 20, 1905

SEND TO YOUR NEAREST
"LEWIS" AGENT

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber & Milling' Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

LEWIS

ECTIONS AND
HIPPING-CASES

ARE THE WHITEST, THE NICEST,
THE NEATEST tS? BEST

6. B. LEWIS CO.

Be«- Keepers'
Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

Prompt Shipments

a\ncrica/7

Bee Sournal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 27, 1905

No. 30

^

T*

■:':■'■' #1

...^.:.v.^..

--■;"".. -— -■■ ^

^»^ll II ■■■■■

$a^p^

.•:^-^t«

' »

1 ~

,/;nt*:

'■™

HI^K^

^w-—

'^

^
^
^

%
^
%

'^

APIARY OF W. D. SOPER, OF JACK80N CO., MICH.
(See page 518)

%

A

'^

'^

E. J. BAXTER AND HOME > I'lART, OP HANCOCK CO., ILL.

it

J^

514

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27. IW'5

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal ia
$1 00 a year, in the United States. Canad.a. anil
Mexico; all other cnuntries in the Postal Union. oO
cents a year extra for postaRe. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscriptio-i 13 pai. 1
For instance, '"decos" on your label shows thai it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, 19u4.

STTBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, bui
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited,

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

let —To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members In their
lawful riithM. . . .,. J ,. . .

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis,

tW If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
oablisbers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(Incorporated)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertlBinK.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUBS

1. Any bee-beeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
•2ii (or fraction of 210 colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
fltth of one (l) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied Interests of bee-keepinfic.

George W. York. Manager,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO. ILL.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose owu subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905. we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending uaONE NEW subscription with $1.00 for the
Bee Journal a year. Ni.iw is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them io you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding* one
ponnd of honey net, one g^ross In case complete
In S-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New York. If you want
to secare some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a iiuDdreU miles of me are over ^ of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Liov/ Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

28A12t FREMONT. MICH.

^iease mention Bee .j^:>timal ^rben vrritine.

|#######^H?####^^########t

If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES I

Root's Goods at) RooVs rrlces

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUUER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freig-ht Rates. .-. .-. .*. Catalog Free.

#

Hoosler Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Nail

■it'- '

Untested Queen $ .75

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding- Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

#

WALTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND

'tTTfFTf .■■ '^fv '*!•*" '!•-* '?•.' '''•.■ 'il* ''•■■ ''••* '-9* '••■■ ^t" '-^^ ''•■■ ^f * ''•■■ ■•■' ^f" "'f^ "-w^ ''•■ '■••*

s.<LJi.t

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEVE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS

By Return Mall. Safa Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.ICS1S. ONt SIX TWELVE

Untastad ... .$0.75 »4.00 »7.5a

Selact Unteatad 1 ..00 5.00 9 00

Tested 1.50 , 8 00 15.00

Select Tasted 2.00 10 00 la.OO

Select Breeders, each $3.00

Two-frame Nucleus and Red Clover Queen 3.00

/ THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

LEWIS' SECTIONS,

SHIPPING-CASES.

-AND A FULL LINE OF-

BEE-SUPPLIES BY RETURN
FREIGHT OR EXPRESS.

SEND TO

H. M. Arxd, Manager.

York Honey "s'IFp?^^ Co.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog- and prices on Honey on application. If you want Ciood Ooods
at Factoi-y Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Ad?aselS^

July 27, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

515

u

DADMT'S FOraDATION"

IT EX:OELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

« ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

00i^

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

Millions of Sections
ShiDDing-CasesfSC^DA^PoT

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee- Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thing- the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Goods in Indian-
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received in the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 7Sc; Select Untested, Sl.OO; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested,
$2.00.

C|li|° Cf^r\ I I A r^t^ ^00* E*S"^ Wash. Street
• IVIa OWW I I OC V^Vi/i INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •^•^ •3••^ ^*

N.B.

-A Porter Bee-Escape, or its equivalent, FREE with iirst order, if you say where you saw
this ad. ..>ir. 'iir-t:,i.u-t.y »*r>« j..jjjUflLi o^aev ^'rni^^

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michisan

Let ns quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT& SON.

Bbll Branch, Watnk Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Jonmal -when wrltUsft

VIRGINIA QUEENS ^V^'k^cr'^o-s^rnrrear^
of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c: after June IS, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June IS, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

4>\l/U/lil/\i/\i/\tAl/\l/U/\l/\l/\iAi/\i/\)AlAl/U/\l/\i/\l/lli\l/\l/\i/<^

B66 - SUDDlieS ! I

We carry a larpe stock and greatest ^■

variety of everj-tbing needed in the ^

Apiary, assuring Ixst goods at lowest £;

i^r prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus- ^'

f^ traied Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hivi-s, Massie Hives, etc. »:

^^ Write at onoe for Catalog, either English or German laniriiuge. ^'.

I* KRblCHlVlER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. ^

9 AGENCIES ^.

'■^ Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. &

■^ Shugart* Onren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lati ^r, Colo. *»•

^W Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Anto-i , Tex. £;

23Atf

FINE QUEENS

By Return flail. From my

3 and 5 banded long-tongued
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, 75c; untested^
60c; no disease. I g'uaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW

R. F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

! Qupis

Si We have secured the services
of one of the best Queen special-
ists in the IT. S. Over 20 years'
experience rearing- Queens. Our
Yard is stocked with select breed-
ers from the best yards in Amer-
ica, and can send Queens by re-
turn mail.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens 1.50

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOXjEDO, - OHCIO.

516

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27, 1905

IN SEASON

Sections

We have a larger stock of sectioDS than we ever had at
this season, and are prepared to make prompt shipment of sec-
tions, foundation, and most other goods. There has been very
little delay in orders all season except in a few cases where
something special has held some orders longer than usual. Our
agents generalli' are also in a position to make prompt ship-
ment. If the bees get lots of honey, and you need more goods
quickly, remember we are in a position to furnish them by first
train.

" I desire to thank you for being so prompt in sending the
sections 1 ordered from you. They came in less time than it
takes to tell it.'' L. G. Reed.

Kent, Ohio, July 10, '05.

Special Price on Tin Cans

We recently secured a special bargain in half-gallon square
cans. They are choice bright stock ; but as the pattern differed
slightly from the regular one thev are now making, they closed
them out at a special price. We have also an overstock of
quart oblong square cans. While this stock lasts we will make
the following prices for shipment from Medina only:

i4'-gal. oblong square cans with l>.,-inch screw, .?5.00 per
100; S45 00 per 1000.

i„'-gal. square cans with 1-inch screws, $6 00 per 100.
i,?-gal. " " V4-in. " 6 50

i,?-gal. " " IJ^-iD. '■ 7.00

In 500 lots, 50 cts. per 100 less.

We have also a good stock of one and five gallon cans at
regular p-ices.

If^

M

Glass Honey-Packages

Anticipating a demand for honey jars and bottles we have
put in two car-loads of stock before the summer shut-down of
the glass-factories, so that we are prepared to furnish the vari-
ous jars listed in our catalog. We have also a few odds and
ends of stock, such as we formerly listed, which we offer, to
close out, as follows. We can not duplicate these when pres-
ent stock is sold;

lib. tin-top tumblers. No. 789, 5 bbls. of 20(1 each, at ?4 50
per bbl.

11 3' -lb. tin-top glass pails. No. 778, 2 bbls. of 100 each, at
?o.00'perbbl.

Large lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 777, 1 bbl. of 150, S5 00.

Small lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 776, 1 bbl. of 200, $5 50.

1-lb. Oaken Bucket tin top, with wire bail, 1 bbl. of 150 for
.?5.00.

These prices are all a dollar less than we used to sell these
tumblers and pails at. We have also a little loose stock which
we will pack and include at same rate.

Wide-Mouth Mason Fruit-Jars

The car-load price on Mason fruit-jars is oyer a dollar a
gross higher this year than last. We carried over quite a large
stock, which we will sell at the same prices as heretofore —
namely :

Pint doz , 52 cts. ; 6 doz., 13 00; 12 doz., $5 75

Quart " 55 cts. ; " 3.10; " 6 00

Half-gallon... " 75 cts. ; " 4.10; " 8 00

Triumph wrench, 15 cts. eaoh.

Ball's waxed rings, 5 cts. per dozen. These are far supe-
rior to rubber rings for fruit-jars, and cheaper.

In addition to the regular style of Mason jars we have a
stock of wide-mouth special Masons, with 3-inch opening.
These are especially desirable for canning large fruit whole, or
for packing chunk comb honey. These jars are of extra
quality, and cost $1.65 per gross more than the regular pattern.
As we do not list them, we offer our present stock at an advance
of 10 cts. per dozen, $1 20 per gross, on any size. They have
zinc caps and rubber rings. We have no wax rings of the right
size to fit these jars. They are a bargain at this price.

Caucasian Queens

We can spare a limited number of imported Caucasian
queens, received direct from the best breeders in Caucasus.
Prices as follows :

Extra select Caucasian imported qusens SI5 00

Select Caucasian imported queen 10 00

Extra select untested Caucasian-Italian queens,
from Caucasian mothers mated with Italian

drones 3 00

Select do 3 00

Orders filled in rotatation. Delivery begins about July 15.

" How to Keep Bees "

A charmingly written manual describing clearly, and in
detail, the outfit, first steps, and methods. The author's well-
known literary ability has combined with her enthusiasm for
the subject to produce a very unusual volume.

Finally, with all due deference to the authors of excellent
books on bee culture which we have already, my opinion is that
this new book, " How to Keep Bees," is the best one for a be-
ginner, or one who does not wish or expect to keep more than
a dozen colonies, that has yet come before the world. — A. I.
Hoot, in Gleanings, July 1.

Price, tl.OO. Posiage 10 cts. extra.

Cleaning's' Contests

Second-Prize Photo.— Very liberal awards for best
photos of apiary and other beekeeping objects of interest. Full
particulars on application.

Fair Contest. — Gleanings offers prizes of $10, $5, iS and
$2 for the largest list of subscribers taken by agents during
Fairs throughout the country this fall. Here's a chance to
make money on regular commissions and prizes. Write for
entry blank and particulars.

I

M

Complete Catalog by Return Mail.

The A. I. Root ComDany

is/IezdhsT-a., OHIO

BRANCHES : GhicaQO, 144 t. Erie St. PhiladelDtiia, 10 Vine St. New Yorl^, 44 Veseu St.

(Entered at the Poat-Office at Cbicago as Second-ClaSB Mail-Matter)
Piiblished Weekly at Sl.OO a Year by Meorg^e ^f. Vurk A, Co., 334 Uearbom St.

QBORQE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 27, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 30

r

(Sbttortal Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

=\

^

Help Blow the " Honey-Horn "

Editor E. T. Abbott, of the Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, comments thus suggestively on
the short article we had published in the Chi-
cago Daily News :

George W. York, editor of the American
Bee Journal, and Manager of The Honey-
Producers' League, has an interesting article
in the Cbicago News on the importance of
honey as a food and the folly of thinliing that
comb honey is manufactured. Such articles
in a great city like Cbicago must result in a
world of good to the bee-lteeping fraternity,
and we hope the time may come when this
subject will be discussed in all the large
dailies of the land, as well as the country
weeklies. The way to make a market for
honey is to talk about honey, write about
honey, and show people what honey really is,
and what a healthy, delicious food it la for
the human family. In other words, the way
to boom your business is to blow your own
horn, and get as many more people as possi-
ble to help you. The oftener the thing is
repeated in print the sooner it will attract the
attention of the public, and the sooner they
will be ready to test the merits of the claims
made in the articles written.

By the way, for a two-cent stamp we will
mail a copy of the short article that appeared
in the Chicago Daily News to any of our
readers who may b« able to get their local
editors to publish it. We have it printed in
typewriter type, on one side of the paper —
just the nicest kind of " copy " for an editor
to hand right to his printer. If it could be
published in every newspaper in the land it
would help both consumers and producers of
hoDey. Not because we wrote it,' but because
it contains the truth about honey that should
be read by everybody.

J^

Prevention of Swarming by inversion

This is revived, after quietly slumbering
for some years, by an article in the American
Bee-Keeper from E. H. Dewey. He turned
the combs of a hive upside down, and a week
later he found that the bees had destroyed
the cells that were started. Other cells, how-
ever, had been started, and these in their turn
were a week later found destroyed as a result

of inversion. This weekly inversion wa
practiced upon 4 hives successfully. But the
same success was obtained by others years
ago, only to be followed by failures on
further trial. This is mentioned so that no
one may risk too much upon a plan that
would be a boon to bee-keepers if it could
always be depended upon.

Ventilation of Hives in Cellars

At the Ontario convention, reported in the
Canadian Bee Journal, discussion brought out
a number of expressions to the effect that
cushions were not of any special advantage in
cellars, bees doing as well with sealed covers,
only so there was large enough opening for
change of air sunuwhere. The statement was
also made that experiment had shown that
colonies in hives placed close to the cellar-
bottom did apparently as well as those higher

up.

^

Apis Dorsata to Be Investigated

A few years ago there was some talk about
introducing into this country the giant bee
of the far East, and fears were expressed that
if introduced it might prove among bees what
the English sparrow has proved to be among
birds — an intolerable nuisance. There is lit-
tle doubt that before Prof. Benton returns
again to his native land we shall know some-
thing definite in the matter. Instead, how-
ever, of shipping these bees direct to this
country. Prof. Beolon proposes the very sensi-
ble plan of bringing them under test and
observation on " their native heath " before
making any shipments, and if such testing
proves it advisable; they can be shipped to
California across the Pacific.

One of the points, no doubt, to be first set-
tled, will be the mooted one as to whether
these bees can bi; .ept in hives, or whether
they have the migratory habit so fully de-
veloped that they will desert their place of
abode periodically so as to interfere entirely
with their doiiu stication. Northern bee-
keepers, at least. ■ ed hardly have any anx-

iety on the score of similarity to the sparrow
business, for it is not likely that they would
survive a northern winter if they should at-
tempt to occupy the land by spreading them-
selves about promiscuously on trees as they
do in their present home. If, however, tbey
can not be persuaded to stay hived in their
native habitat, it is hardly worth while to
take any further trouble about them. But
many a thing that appears impossible proves
possible if persevered in, and it's well worth
while to know positively about those big bees.

White and Yellow Sweet Clover

J. A. Green, of Colorado, says in Gleanings
in Bee Culture, that both this year and last
the yellow sweet clover bloomed 15 days in
advance of the white, and he thinks an in-
crease in the amount of yellow sweet clover
would be a good thing for bee-keepers in that
region. There would not, however, be the
same advantage in yellow sweet clover in re-
gions where white clover is the leading honey-
plant. It would then come in direct compe-
tition with white clover, while the white
sweet clover would give an additional amount
of surplus, because, on account of its late-
ness, it continues to bloom after white clover
is gone.

Water for Bees

As the honey harvest begins to wane, the
trouble of bees about pumps, watering-
troughs, etc., will begin or increase. The
great point is to get the bees started at the
watering-place you provide for them before
they get in the habit of going where you
don't want them. If nothing else, provide a
big crock with a few sticks of fire-wood in it
and fill with water, and then see that it is
never dry.

Combs and Sections in Same Super

Speaking uf this, which has been given as
the Town send plan, the editor of the Ameri-
can Bee-Kti iH' says :

"This mithod is so old that we supposed it
was universally known. Mr. Samuel Cush-
man (then nl Pawtucket, R. I.) and the
writer, be!;:i'i using it about 1885, and the
writer ha^ um li it ever since, having hives and
supers spii. li.v made to facilitate such prac-
tice. 1 1 hsis ''<;bo mentioned by many writers,
if memory serves us correctly."

518

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27 , 1905

An Appreciation from England

The following editorial paragraphs, taken
from the British Bee Journal for June 22, and
which we are pleased to reproduce here, are
very appreciative of Mr. Frank Benton and
his long journey after bees and honey-plants
across the ocean :

We have been favored with a call and a
pleasant interview with Mr. Frank Benton,
Apicultural Investigator, United States De-
partment of Agriculture, who, in his official
capacity, has undertaken a journey extending
more than half around the world in search of
foreign bees and honey-producing plants. It
came as an agreeable change from our ordi-
nary editorial work to spend a few hours with
so fully-informed and widely-traveled a bee-
specialist as our visitor. Few men have had
such a long and varied practical experience
with foreign bees in their own habitats as Mr.
Benton, who seems eminently fitted for the
task entrusted to him. Fully impressed with
the importance of his mission, he was frank
and willing to a degree in conveying to us —
and through us to our readers — what his jour-
ney really meant, and this will be realized
when we say that, after a very few days' stay
in England, he goes through France, Ger-
many, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, and to

Turkey ; then leaves Constantinople for the
Caucasus, thence across the Caspian Sea and
by rail on to Bokhara, and, if possible,
through Afghanistan by caravan to Punjaub,
in India, and finally from Calcutta to the
Philippine Islands.

The specific object of his errand is, among
other things, to obtain a good supply of Cau-
casian queens of a particular strain, which
has been tried in the experimental apiary of
the Government apiary at Washington by Mr.
Benton himself with gratifying results. He
also hopes to be able to do something towards
deciding the usefulness, or otherwise, of the
giant bees of India, Apis dorsata, and other
species of this genera, known as Megapis dor-
sata, M. zonata, etc.

With all this before him, we heartily wish
for Mr. Benton's success, and if the desired
object is secured, as we trust it will be, British
bee-keepers will no doubt, in some degree at
least, benefit from his labors, because, should
the particular strain of Caucasian bees men-
tioned maintain the extremely docile and pro-
lific character of those already tried at Wash-
ington, we shall hope to see them introduced
into this country for the general good of the
craft. In any case, we shall hope to hear
from our good friend occasionally as time
passes, and that he may return safely from his
journey will be the wish of all readers along
with ourselves.

/T

K

VTiiscMancons VUxvs 3tems

=\

=/

Crop Reports and Prospects. — The

California National Honey-Producers' Asso-
ciation sent a notice to its members July 6,
signed by Secretary H. J. Mercer, from which
we take the following information as to crop
reports and prospects :

Southern California will have about % of a
crop.

Central California, " prospects are for a
fair crop."

The Colorado crop will be about 60 percent
of a full crop. Worms are destroying honey-
plants. Eastern slope cold and windy.

The Arizona honey crop to date is the light-
est in many years.

In Texas a fair crop is expected.

They estimate the crop for Southern Cali-
fornia to be 125 cars of 20 tons each. This
estimate is not a guess, but is based on reports
received and the number of cases and cans
sold.

A Visit to Mr. E. J. Baxter.— The

morning of the second day we were at the
Dadants', Mr. D. hitched up a good horse to
the carriage, and gave us an 11-mile ride
along the east shore of the Father of Waters.
It was a somewhat exciting drive, as nearly
all the bridges along the road had been washed
away during the recent unprecedented flood,
80 that we were compelled to ford streams
often up to the box of the carriage. In one
township 27 bridges were reported as having
been thus swept away. But much of the way
was very pleasant, as it was iu the shade, and
also early morning.

About a mile north of Hamilton the sweet
clover is simply wonderful in its luxuriant
growth along the roadsides. Mr. Dadant
said it was right there where his father, some
40 years ago, first recognized melilot, or sweet
clover, in this country. He had been familiar
with it as a good hoaey-plant in his native
France. So he began at once to gather the
seed and scatter it until all over that region it
grows in rich abundance, and is a source of
much nectar for the bees.

We arrived at Mr. Baxter's about U a.m.
He was just getting barrels ready for the first

extracting of the season. Besides a home
apiary of about 100 colonies, he has several
out-apiaries, in all some 250 colonies of bees.
And he seldom has a failure in the honey
crop. Like his brother-in-law, Mr. Dadant,
Mr. Baxter believes in large hives, and runs
for extracted honey exclusively, following
the Dadant methods of management which
are invariably successful.

Mr. Baxter has always made money at bee-
keeping, his annual honey crop running up
into the tons. He is a director in the State
Bank of Nauvoo, which is one of the most
prosperous institutions of the kind in all Illi-
nois. Its capital is $25,000, with a surplus
fund of $50,000. Its deposits of all kinds
amount to nearly half a million dollars.

Nauvoo is a city of perhaps 2,000 popula-
tion. It was founded by the Mormons who
were compelled to leave it in 1847, going on
to Salt Lake Citv. A few of the small brick
houses built by the Mormons are still in use
at Nauvoo. Some of the larger buildings
were constructed out of the stone from
the Mormon Tabernacle, which was taken
down after they left Nauvoo.

But to return to Mr. Baxter. He has two
sons and two daughters, the elder of the latter
being a musician. Both sons are at the State
University, as is also Maurice Dadant, men-
tioned last week.

Like Mr. Dadant, Mr. Baxter is just com-
pleting a brick mansion. It is a result of his
bee-keeping — a substantial proof that he has
succeeded. It is located at the side of the
home apiary. (See first page) . The picture of
the apiary was taken before the house was
built. It would be utterly Impossible to get
a good picture of it now, as it is located under
so many large trees, some of which are bass-
woods. And how the bees were humming on
the just-opening blossoms I It seemed we
never saw much finer basswood trees than
those in Mr. Baxter's apiary.

As the white clover had been yielding for a

week or two, oh some hives there were 3 and
i 10-frame exlracting-supers. Each had 9
frames, so there would be thick combs, thus
requiring less work in uncapping.

Mr. Baxter seldom has any swarms. This
condition would be expected as he uses hives
and methods similar to the Dadants, as before
mentioned.

Mr. B. has been a reader of the American
Bee Journal for over 20 years.

Both Mr. Baxter and the Dadants are large
growers of grapes, and have clearly proven
that grapes and bees may be kept within close
proximity to each other without one doing
damage to the other. The Dadants were in-
duced to plant grape-vines on a large scale in
order to convince their neighbors that bees
did not, and could not, damage sound grapes.
Mr. Baxter has one of the largest vineyards
in the country, and the Dadants have about
13 acres of vines, and grow as fine grapes as
anybody, in spite of near-by iapiaries. Nauvoo
is noted for its vineyards.

Immediately after dinner Mr. Dadant drove
us around the city of Nauvoo, then we started
on the homeward trip by another route. The
day's 22-mile ride afforded a good chance to
visit with Mr. Dadant. And we improved the
time.

We arrived just in time to partake of Mrs.
Dadant's splendid supper, after which it was
necessary for us to start for Keokuk to take
the train for Fort Madison, and then back to
Chicago again. It was a pleasant 2-day's
trip — one that we will not soon forget.

The Apiary and Residence of W. D.
Soper, of Jackson Co., Mich., appear on
the front page. On July 3 there were 75 col-
onies of bees in the apiary, all booming, and
pait had 3 stories on, each 12 inches deep. It
is Mr. Soper's farm residence, as the large
grain-barn can be seen in the distance at the
right. It is located 4 miles north of Jackson,
on the Lansing road. Mr. Soper is also a
dealer in bee-supplies, and is a general all-
around hustler. We had the pleasure of meet-
ing him at the Michigan State Convention,
held at Grand Rapids, last February.

Walter S. Hoss, a new queen advertiser,
located at Indianapolis, Ind., is sending out
some very fine Italian queens. We think a
trial order will convince any one that he has
nice bees. See his advertisement on another
page.

Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Coveyou, of Em-
met Co., Mich., are rejoicing over the arrival
of a fine baby boy, born July 13. They intend
to make him the " Bee-King of the North."
We hope they will succeed in so doing.

"Unite," Not "Winter"

The word " winter " in first line of the last
paragraph of my article on pages 452 and 453
should be " unite." I was writing solely with
reference to the uniting of weak colonies in
spring, and not about wintering at all.
Whose was the mistake I am unable to say.

The season here so far has been a fairly
good one for honey. The weather is very wet
at present. I have had but 4 swarms. Cause,
an abundance of storage-room in the shape of
drawn combs. Edwin Bbvins.

Decatur Co., Iowa, July 3.

July 27. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

5l9

Contention
Proceebings

«/

Report of the Chicaeo-Northwestem Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(CoDtinued from pa^ e 490 J
ADVANTAGES OF THE "WISCONSIN HIVE."

"What are the advantages of the so-called Wisconsin
hive?"

Mr. Bacon^It seems to me that the Wisconsin hive has
the combination of the good points of the Improved Lang-
stroth-Simplicity and also the dove-tailed ; it seems to me
that is the main reason for its popularity. It has a' portico
front and it is novvf made so that the supers which are now
used with the dove-tailed hive can also be used on the Wis-
consin hive. Those I believe are the principal points.

Mr. Abbott — I want to say that the main advantage of
the Wisconsin hive is that its makers took all they could
of the "St. Joe" hive and put into the Wisconsin, and made
a very good hive! [Laughter.]

Mr. Fluegge — I would like to ask these gentlemen what
the slatting arrangement in their super is. If they got that
from Mr. Abbott he didn't lose much. [Laughter.] I have
several of them and I always took an axe to them to get
the honey out. They may have improved them now. I hope
they have. When I was a beginner I had six of them and
the slats had no end-blocks ; they fitted into a rabbet at the
bottom of the super, and in order to get them out — one rabbet
was a little deeper than the other — I had to lift them up a
little ways and shove them over probably a quarter of an
inch, and the other end would come out.

Mr. Wilcox — I have tried the Wisconsin hive somewhat.
I bought one or two some years ago for trial and I found
some disadvantages. The question calls for advantages.

Pres. York — We don't want to know the disadvantages —
just the advantages!

Mr. Wilcox — One thing I disliked was that the end-bars
of the brood-frames st 'uck right out.

Mr. Root — That is the Langstroth-Simplicity.
Mr. Wilcox — I think it was listed as the Wisconsin hive.
I might specify another peculiarity of it which was that the
frames were anywhere from one quarter to three-eighths of
an inch shorter than the regular Langstroth or what would
be the old frame Langstroth length and that was an odd
feature of it because it didn't correspond with any other
frames in the neighborhood. Another feature of it was that
described by the last gentleman about the supers. The slats
in the bottom of the super didn't trouble me very much but
I didn't exactly like them. I may be mistaken. I don't know.
But I have always called it the Wisconsin hive. I think it
was.

Mr. Whitney — I want to back up what Mr. Wilcox
said about what he supposed to be the Wisconsin hive. You
know last winter didn't treat some of us very well, and we
lost a good many bees. I wanted some last spring to build
up my apiary, and I went out and bought four or five col-
onies. They happened to be in a queer sort of hive ; the
frames were a little shorter than the Langstroth; I couldn't
use them in the Langstroth hive when I came to make a
transfer ; and they had supers on that had that rabbet arrange-
ment that the gentleman here speaks about. I thought it
was a Chinese puzzle. I couldn't use it at all. Now. I
don't know whether that is the Wisconsin hive or not, but
as they describe it I should conclude it might be. It had a
portico.

Mr. Abbott — I want these gentlemen to get a clear idoa
about these hives, and it is a matter of some interest. While
I represent the firm making the Wisconsin hive, I think an
explanation is due them at least. They have made what was
called the Langstroth-Simplicity hive which is, I admit, prac-
tically worthless. They have discussed taking it off the nuir-
ket for a long time. It has a shorter frame, and a gr;i(i\e
all around, and the frames extend over, A great iii.-n'y
people call that the Wisconsin hive. That is not th^ W!-;-

consin hive at all. That is a Langstroth-Simplicity hive.
They make at the same time what they call a Wisconsin
hive, that is the trade name ; that has Hoffman frames in
it which fit inside the hive on a tin rabbet. The sliding
arrangement of the hive is the same as the St. Joe hive, and
if the gentlemen do not know how to handle that, why, we
are ready to show them how to handle it so that they won't
have any trouble about it. But don't get the two hives con-
fused. The old Langstroth-Simplicity hive, in my opinion, is
worthless because it hadn't a correct bee-space above it and
the frames were not the same. So when you order hives
don't say you want a Langstroth-Simplicity hive unless you
want an odd frame, for you will get it. The other is the
same as the dove-tailed hive; and in all of the hives that
concern makes, the frames are the same except that old
Langstroth-Simplicity, and that is not of any account.

Mr. Whitney — When you order hives don't order the
Whitney hive. He has a hive of his own, and he doesn't
want any better, and he has none to sell !

Mr. Stuebing — It depends mostly on the man, how he
handles the bees and how he places and handles the frames.
(Conclnded next week.)

Report of the North Texas Convention

The North Te.\as Hee-Keepers' Association met at Blos-
som, Tex., and was called to order by the President, J. M.
Hagood, at 1 p.m., April 5, 1905, the morning having been
taken up in a general social time. In the absence of the
chaplain, prayer was offered by W. H. White. The secretary
being absent, Mr. White was elected temporary secretary.

The first business was the appointment of a committee on
program, as follows : E. A. Ribble, Dr. R. P. Davies, J. R.
Scott, and E. W. Cothran. While the committee was out the
members were enrolled and membership fees taken up.

The Program Committee then reported the following, and
was discharged :

1. Spring Management of Bees in North Texas.

2. Best Method of Increase.

3. Best Method of Suppressing Increase.

4. The Best Bee for North Te.xas.

5. Honey-Producing Plants of North Texas.

6. The Best Frame for North Texas Bee- Keepers.

7. Which is the More Profitable, Bulk Comb Honey or
Section Honey 7

The Program Committee suggested that a committee be
appointed to select special subjects for discussion at the next
annual convention, and certain members be assigned the
special subjects.

The program was then taken up as follows :

SPRING MANAGEMENT.

Spring management of bees, as given by E. A. Ribble, is
to see to it that all colonies are supplied with plenty of stores
to carry them through to the first honey-flow, either by feed-
ing them syrup or giving them honey kept over for that pur-
pose. He keeps honey that is not in good marketable shape
for spring feeding. His unfinished sections are used for this
purpose by filling a super and setting.lt over the colony need-
ing feeding. Thus he tides them over the dearth which
usually comes in North Texas from May IS to July 1.

Dr. Davies advocates feeding enough to keep colonies
strong in bees and in good working condition for the honey-
flow.

Mr. Hagood gave his plan of taking the combs out very
early and then giving them back as they need the stores.

Mr. Scott prefers using the Uoolittle feeder, and feeding
as much as they need.

GETTING AND SDri'RKSSING INCREASE.

Dr. Davies prefers natural swarming.

Mr. Cothran increases by diviiling.

The best method of suppresMue: increase, as given by Mr.
Ribble, is to run for extracted lioney. Mr. Hagood prefers
large hives for the purpose.

BEST BEE AND HONEY-PLANT.S FOR NORTH TEXAS.

Mr. Ribble thinks the leather-colored Italia.T bees are the
best.

R. C. Abernathy prefers dark Italian bees.

As to the liest honey-plaiiu for North Texas, Mr. Hagood

thinks alfalfa is good ; also couou always produces more or

less honey every season. If inkleberry and sumac were

I spoken of as being good by those who live in the timber part

I of the country.

520

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27, 1905

BDLK COMB VS. SKCTION HONEY.

As to which is the more profitable, bulk comb or section
honey, Mr. Hagood says section honey.

Mr. Abernathy, bulk honey, every time, having produced
last season 18,000 pounds from 280 colonies of bees, and sold
the entire crop for 10 cents a pound. After disposing of his
crop he had orders for 16,000 pounds more.

Dr. Davies prefers section honey. Messrs. Eibble, White
and Scott also prefer section honey.

Quite a discussion took place on this subject, and much
good was derived therefrom.

On motion the convention adjourned to meet at 8 o'clock
the ne.vt morning.

vSECOND DAY.

The convention met promptly at 8 o'clock, and resumed
work as laid down in the program.

A committee to draft a program for the next mefting was
appointed as follows : E. A. Ribble, J. H. Barnes, Dr. R. P.
Davies and W. H. White.

The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted thus :
J. M. Hagood re-elected President; R. C. Abernathy, Vice-
President ; and W. H. White, Secretary.

A vote of thanks was tendered the people of Blossom for
the cordial manner in which they entertained the members of
the convention.

A motion was carried to tax the members 25 cents each as
annual dues for the purpose of keeping up the stationery and
other expenses that may occur.

Blossom was selected for the next place of meeting.

The convention adjourned until the first Wednesday and
Thursday in April, 1906. W. H. White, Sec.

-V (£ontrtbutcb -f
Special (Irtides

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Management of Bees for August

BY C. P. DADANT

THE second honey crop begins usually about the middle of
this month wherever fall blossoms abound. It begins

with the knotweed, and the ironweed, and ends with the
Spanish-needles and the asters, in September. Sometimes the
white clover lasts through the entire summer, and furnishes
quite a little honey during August, especially if the summer
has been moist. It is therefore necessary to give the hives
additional space unless the supers have been removed and re-
placed by fresh ones. It is in fact not very good management
to leave the supers on all through the summer, because the
bees will put a great deal of propolis in the sections. It is
better to remove them as soon as the clover crop is at an end,
to put them on again as soon as the fall crop begins, except
when the honey season is uninterrupted.

This applies especially to the production of comb honey.
With the extracting supers it matters but little whether the
bees put propolis in them, and they are safer over the brood-
combs than stored away in the bee-house.

Just as soon as the bees are noticed whitening their
combs, they should be given ample room. New swarms that
have filled the lower story during the clover harvest are often
known to fill supers during the second crop, so they must be
supplied with supers. Sometimes, also, colonies that have
swarmed and have become greatly weakened begin to recu-
perate and may prove among the best for the second crop.

It is well also to (examine all the colonies for laying
queens. After tlie swarming season is over some queens get
lost in the field while out to mate, and the colonies to which
they belong may not have had suitable brood at hand to re-
place their loss. So we often find, late in July or early in
August, strong colonies dwindling down because of being
queenless. It was formerly customary among the practical
bee-keepers to rear a number of queens and to keep them in
nuclei for such emergencies, but the queen-business has gone
into the hands of specialists, and the price of a (jueen is now
so low that it is hardly worth while to bother with queen-rear-
ing. Most of our producers order their queens from well-
known breeders at :i less price than it would cost them to rear
them.

But if we do noi wish to buy our queens, a good way to
replace the loss of a ((ueen is to supply the colony with a sheet

of brood in all stages (especially young brood), with the adher-
ing bees, from the best colony in the yard. A queenless col-
ony helped in time will still rear a queen and gather enough
honey for winter.

But we must bear in mind, at the August crop, that the
condition of the colonies is changed since the swarming sea-
son has passed. Some colonies that were strong in June may
be weak in August, and vice versa, so each hive must be ex-
amined just as at the beginning of the harvest, and either
given more space or reduced according to its requirements.

If the colonies have been given extra ventilation during
the hot weather by raising the hives from the bottom-boards,
it will be well to lower them down again by the end of the
month, as cool nights are coming and there will be loss of heat
if too much space is left.

New colonies made by dividing on old combs should be
reduced to the amount of space they can readily cover. In
this way they will put their honey in more compact shape for
winter, and will also protect themselves best against the moth.
For it Is at this season that the moths are most numerous.
Strong colonies have nothing to fear from them, and every
colony may be regarded as sufficiently strong if it does not
have more combs than the bees can cover, and if it has a good
laying queen. Hancock Co., 111.

Is Old Foundation as Good as New ?

BY J. A. GREEN

THE article by G. M. Doolittle, on page 54, would seem to
the inexperienced to be a " settler " on the question of
the comparative value of old and new foundation ; yet, to
my mind, it is as good an example as one could wish to find
of the desirability of really proving a thing instead of either
taking the word of some one else or accepting as conclusive
the results of incomplete experiments.

The question of the comparative value of old and new
foundation can not be settled entirely by the bee-keeper. In
a matter like this, we should ask the bees. But, you will say,
this is what has been done.

Doolittle and other bee-keepers have used old foundation,
and have found that the bees used it all right. Does not that
prove that old foundation is as good as new ? By no means.

Take notice that Doolittle says that a// the foundation
used by him for IS years has been put into the frames or sec-
tions during the months of December, January, February and
March, then stored away until used. Will he tell us what he
has had to compare this foundation with ? All that his prac-
tice really proves is that bees will use old foundation, some-
thing that I think no one will question. But it would give
scarcely a hint as to what was the preference of the bees.

Now let me tell you how I have tested this matter, in what
I consider the only fair and convincing way. Although I
fully believe that new foundation is best, and though I much
dislike to have any sections filled with foundation carried over
from one season to the next, I am obliged by the necessities
of my position to anticipate the bees' needs, and consequently
the close of the season usually finds me with quite a number
of supers filled ready for the bees, but unused. These, Doo-
little tells us, are just as good for use the next season as if
they were filled with fresh foundation just before the honey-
flow. Accordingly, no doubt, he would use them just as they
are, and consider himself lucky in having them all ready for
the bees.

Experience has made me a little cautious about this,
though, and I never give a colony a full super of old sections.
Instead, I divide the super, putting half the old sections into
another super and then filling both with sections containing
foundation as fresh as I can conveniently get it. They are
always put in in a certain way, the new sections all on one
side of the super, the old on the other, and I can always
tell at any time not only which supers are prepared this way,
but can always tell which of them are the old and which
are the new sections. I have done this for many years,
having each season from 20 to 100 supers prepared in this
way. Now, as to results :

In nearly every case, except when the bees have been
crowded into the supers by a heavy flow of honey, the bees
will start on the new sections first. Occasionally they will
make quite a start on them before they will touch the old
ones, but usually, in an ordinarily good honey-flow, there will
be only a little difference, just enough to show that they pre-
fer the fresh foundation. Even this little difference will
usually disappear before the super is finished, so unless you
keep close watch of the work being done, you will not notice
that the bees have any preference.

July 27. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

521

Perhaps you will say, it the difference is so slight that it
can not be detected at the time the super comes to be finished,
it does not amount to anything. It does amount to some-
thing, though, in just this way :

It is so exceedingly important that the bees make an early
start in the supers; that they form as early as possible the
habit of storing their honey there ; that for the first super at
least everything should be made as attractive as possible.

The man who has a large apiary must have his sections
prepared In advance of the time they are needed, but if you
have not many bees do not be in too great a hurry to get the
sections filled. When they are ready for the bees, keep them
closed up as tightly as possible, away from tlie air, and espe-
cially the light. The action of the light and air is to bleach
and harden wax. In the early days of comb foundation,
bleached wax was used for surplus foundation until it was
found that it was not as good as the softer yellow wax. Foun-
dation that is left closely packed, as it comes from the factory,
will deteriorate but very little.

That there is a difference in quality between fresh foun-
dation and that which has been exposed to the air is proved by
the fact that the paper separating the sheets of foundation is
often marked by an oily stain where it comes in contact with
the wax, while foundation that has been exposed to the air

I for any length of time can not be made to stain paper by con-
tact.

No, Mr. Doolittle, this matter of old foundation not being
as good as new, will not down. It will keep on its rounds
through th3 papers and on mortal lips, bobbing up its head
again and again until nearly all the bee-keeping world not
only thinks but knows it to be a fact.

The foregoing applies to foundation that has never been
put into the hives. If the foundation has been left in the
hive some time, so that it has been propolized by the bees, the
case is even stronger. I have frequently seen or hpard the
statement in regard to putting sections on late in the fall, that
they were all the better for having been worked over a little
by the bees, even if they had not been drawn out any. No
greater mistake was ever made.

When foundation is left on the hive at a time when the
bees are not inclined to draw it out, they are liable to cover it
with a varnish of propolis, after which they are very loath to
do anything with it. I have known such sections to go
through two good honey seasons untouched, though several
sets of other sections in the same super were promptly filled
and finished. The most profitable thing to do with founda-
tion in sections that the bees have begun to propolize is to cut
it out and melt it up. Mesa Co., Colo.

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Bereaved Sister— Motherwort

A few weeks ago I sent you a copy of the
Crawford County Press, containing an ac-
count of the death of my husband, and forgot
to mark it with my honey stamp, so that you
would know that a bee-keeper had sent it.

In the care of my husband all winter and
his recent death I bad almost forgotten that I
was a bee-keeper. After a very severe winter
and long, cold spring I found on -lune 1 that
I had lost 50 percent of my bees, and some of
those that were left were in a very poor con-
dition, but they are building up now. The
weather, and especially at night, is very
cool; to-day we are having a heavy rain. I
have taken oS no honey to date (June 29).

Later. — To-day (.July 5) I took off my first
super of honey. It is very nice, but we need
a little sunshine. It has been pleasant to-day,
but I think it will rain before morning. Bass-
wood trees are budded and almost ready to
blossom. I hope for some honey from that
source. There is an abundance of white
clover, but there is a little too much rain for
the bees, as we have a shower almost every
afternoon.

What is the name of the enclosed plant? It
begins to blossom in June and continues to
blossom till frost comes, and the bees work
on it incessantly.

I am all alone with my bees now, and feel
too sad and lonely to write. I wish you a
pleasant and prosperous summer.

Mrs. Paul Barrette.

Crawford Co., Wis.

Yes, I received the notice of your husband's
death, and was considerably puzzled over it.
Your letter makes all plain. I am sure the
sisters will all join with me in extending our
heartfelt sympathy in your affliction. That
sentence, " I am ail alone with my bees now,
and feel too sad and lonely to write," made
me feel that I would like in some way to let
you know that the sisters do care, and feel,
oh, so sorry for you.

I think the enclosed plant is motherwort,
one of the mint family.

Artificial Increase— Putting on a
Second Super

1. In artificial swarming do you recommend
forming one or two colonies from the original

one? A bee-keeper tells me his bees gather
little or no surplus honey if only one new col-
ony is formed.

3. Will you kindly explain how the second
super of a Langstroth Simplicity hive is fitted
on the first? Regular size 434x4(4' sections
are an inch or more higher than the top of
super No. 1, and a groove j*!,' inch from bot-
tom of super No. 3 admits tin supports for
the section-holder.

Now, I am at a loss to know how proper
spacing can be given. Miss Wisconsin.

1. The bee-keeper is right that increase,
either natural or artificial, is at the expense
of the honey-crop, it that is his meaning. But
your asking whether the increase should be
one, or two, from each colony, and saying in
close connection with that that little surplus
is obtained "if only one" new colony is
formed, sounds as though he meant that
there would be more surplus if two new colo-
nies were made. That can hardly be correct
anywhere in Wisconsin. It could be true
only where a long, heavy fiow came late in

the season. In your State, and with your
harvests, you will probably find that a colony
will give its greatest yield if it happens to be
one of that accommodating sort that directs
all its energies to the amassing of stores, not
bothering its head about sending out any
emigrants to populate some other hive or
hollow tree. In actual practice most bee-
keepers try to limit increase to a single new
colony formed from each old one, while some
limit the increase to one from each two old
ones. In this locality we try to limit to less
than that, but we have a time of it. You may
be assured that making an increase of two
from each colony will not give you more sur-
plus than an increase of one.

3. Ignorance of the exact construction of
the supers of the Improved Langstroth-Sim-
plicity hive makes it difficult to answer. It
looks just a little as though your second super
were made different from the first, and it can
hardly be that such is the proper thing. If
the tops of sections are an inch higher than
top of super No. 1, and bottoms of sections
only 3jj of an inch higher than bottom of
super in No. 2, there's plainly a misfit. It
looks as if by some means there should be
more than ''« of an inch, and you should raise
the supports up more than an inch from the
bottom, so that the bottom of super No. 3
should telescope down over the sections in
No. 1, and still leave a space of V inch be-
tween the two sets of sections. In anv case,
all supers should be perfectly interchange-
able, and so should all be alike.

/T

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Vi\i\ :^asty 5 (Iftcrtl?0U(3{^t5

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The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

=/

MENDING A LEAKT WOODEN TANK.

That a wooden tank otherwise leaky can be
made perfectly tight by covering it internally
first with manila paper and then with hot
paraffin (as per page 436) is a good thing to
remember. I do not feel like praising the
arrangement very highly, however. I fear
the first time it gets empty more or less of the
paper will get knocked off. Have a tank that
is permanently ti^'lit, even if it does cost quite
a bit more.

CHEMISTS ANl' UONET DEFINITIONS.

Quite willing am
the chemists — wh.
province and try 1
have stood for a;;-
be getting on thin
should put oil of ^'
adulteration, and .1
it in it is not an

I to see Mr. Dunlop go for
u they get outside their
' upset definitions which
5. Still, perhaps he may
i.e at one point. If man
rlic in milk it would be an
bad one. If the cow puts
adulteration — perhaps. If

man puts filthy water in milk it is an abomin-
able adulteration ; but if he puts it in flmt
rumdnij il thrmigli the cow, how then? The
practical distinction is getting pretty slender.
Poisonous, disgusting and uneatable honeys
are to be avoided, and proceeded against all
the same whether we put them in the same
class with adulterated honeys or in a class by
themselves. Shifting the skunk from one
classification to another — we need not resist
that with any idea that it is going to deodorize
him. Page 437.

DOniSLISU WEAK COLONIKS IN SPRING.

I have an apiary that often ranges above a
hundred colonies, and yet I want to thank
Allen Latham for his article on the weak col-
ony in spring — from the small apiary's point
of view. Most of us, I reckon, do not find
doubling up in spring a very satisfactory
operation. But shaking the little forlorn
remnant into a hole in the ground and cover-

522

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27, 190S

ing them up, there's no particular profit in
that; and in addition it's unpleasant to one's
feelings. Doubling up saves the unpleasant-
ness, and gets the problem off one's hands. I
also will plead guilty to the soft impeach-
ment of being willing often to save a colony
by doing for them much more than they are
worth. We are not, I trust, mere two-legged
bears with certain mental improvements. But
if he had asked me I should have guessed that
four weeks with a hot-water can every day
would have netted more harm than good — for-
gotten once in awhile, and also making cold
mornings worse by contrast. All's well that
ends well. I suspect that particular colony
was a little abnormal in devoting so large a
share of its energies to house-cleaning. With
me the somewhat weak colony is apt to be pro-
vokingly remiss about cleaning up, except
just as far as it needs the combs. That
nurse-bees using much flour instead of pollen
are apt to find defecation difficult, is a rather
important item, strong reason for waiting till
natural pollen comes. Page 438.

THINGS WE don't KNOW — AND DO KNOW.

So H. V. Poore thinks it would make a
longer article to tell what he has yet to learn.
Alas, we can not tell what we have not found
out yet! And there is one circumstance still
worse than that. We tell what we have
learned wrongly with much greater facility
than we do what we have learned rightly.
The latter seems so commonplace and unin-
spiring that we give it the go-by. Page 439.

A WOMAN'S BEES AND POULTRY.

Prayer-meeting. Small boys intent on fun
ranging around outside. Colony of bees in
buggy waiting to be driven home after devo-
tions are over. These are not collocations to
be recommended — too much like pin-wheel in
powder magazine. But never mind; Mrs.
Wingate has tried both a flock of poultry and

an apiary of bees as home money-getters, and
Hnds the latter to succeed much the better.
Her testimony is valuable; testimony on such
points being much more valuable than theory.
Of course it goes without saying that poultry
is confining in its every day demands, while
bees allow lots of vacation time. Page 439.

THE MISTAKES OF THE PRINTER.

For champion idiocy the printer's " out "
is quite in the habit of taking the cake. For
example see in the next to the last caption of
my department on page 441. According to
that bees feed young queens through gauze
presumably with sting poison. I can only
hope that the reader may conjecture that the
doings of two different sets of bees have got
condensed into one. Still I do much prefer
to say things myself rather than burden the
reader with slinging his own English — and,
eke, untangling mine if possible.

[The following is the paragraph referred to
in the above, with the omitted part in italics :
— Editor.

queens and baby nuclei.

It a queen is put in a baby nucleus only in
warm weather, and only when ready to mate,
the harm the new device does would seem to
be reduced to a minimum. Quite curious if
queenless bees are less tolerant of super-
numery young virgins than bees of a colony
with a laying queen are. According to John
W. Pharr, page 346, the latter will feed them
through the wires, while the former aacreed in
killiny them through the wires — presumably by
the amount of sting-poison which they evap-
orate. Yet possibly this last may be wrong.
All queens soon die from nerve causes if en-
tirely bereft of company. Perhaps with only
enemies for company death would be about
as speedy, and the cause about the same.

/T

X)octor IHiller 5 Qncstion^^ox

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Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does 7wt answer Questions by mail.

J'

Use of the Drone-Trap-
Swarms

-Second

1. Is there not danger of suffocating the
bees with a drone-trap!

2. After the first swarm issues, how soon
can I look for another? Missouri.

Answers. — 1. There is little danger of
doing any harm with the trap, although it
seems to annoy the bees somewhat, and there
is a bare possibility of an extreme case with
such a multitude of drones that the trap
would become entirely filled and suffocate the
bees. But such a case has never been re-
ported yet that I know of.

3. A second swarm usually issues about 8
days after the first, but the time may be less,
and it may be more. The 2 swarms you men-
tion in your letter were three days apart. If
the first one was a prime swarm, then the first
one had been delayed about five days. The
issuing ot a prime swarm is sometimes de-
layed by bad weather, and it may be delayed
by the queen failing for some reason to go
with the swarm. It is quite possible, how-
ever, that both your swarms were afterswarms.
You may have failed to see the prime swarm,
or it may have issued and the queen may have
been lost or killed, the swarm returning.
Then the 2 swarms would each have virgin
queens, and it is nothing unusual for 2 after-
swarms to be three days apart.

Handllns Bees Without Being Stung—
Clipping Queens

1. We occasionally have men pointed out to
UB who, it is said, "can do anything with
bees;" that bees will not sting them as they

do other people. Is it because they are coo
and self-possessed, ignoring a sting or two
and by avoiding quick, rapid movements bees
are less likely to sting them? or is there really
a class of people protected by electrical in-
fluence, or otherwise, against bee-stings?

2. A young man in this vicinity handles
wasps freely. He claims that by holding his
breath they do not sting him. Others who
tried it were promptly stung before they could
catch their breath. Can you explain the
trick?

3. I had a man manipulate my hives, which
he did with bare hands, and yet the bees did
not sting him, while they persisted in trying
to sting me, although I stood 10 feet distant
in the rear. Why was this?

4 How do those queens that have their
wings clipped, and are unable to fly, become
fertilized, as I understand that this occurs
during the flight of swarming?

5 Is there not danger or rendering queens
sterile by clipping their wings so they can not
fly?

G. Is it customary to clip both wings, or one
only?
7. When is the proper time to do it?

New York.

Answers.— 1. It is doubtful that there is
any one whom bees will not sting when they
. are in the right mood for stinging. But it
must be remembered that comparatively few
bees ever sting, or try to sting. It .50 bees
should be flying about you atone time, trying
to sting you, it would be a big lot, but there
are thousands of other bees flying about that
show no hostilily. The person who is nervous
and makes quick movements is likely to find
it resented by the few irascible bees, while one
who is slow and deliberate in movement will
be unharmed. There may be a difference in
the odor ot different persons that the bees

detect, and that may make some difference as
to the bees stinging.

2. Some time ago it was claimed that a bee
could not sting one so long as one held his
breath. It's all bosh, as any one can easily
prove. Quiet deportment is probably the
secret ot immunity from stings of wasps.

3. Often bees will sting one more readily
at a little distance from the hive than when
close up; I hardly know why. I work among
bees with bare hands, and there are thousands
upon thousands of them that never sting me;
others, however, don't seem to have the
proper respect tor me, so I get a good many
stings. As already said, difference in the
quickness ot motion, and difference in the
odor of the body, may make bees sting one
person more than another. Clothing may
also make a difference. Woolen or soft cot-
ton goods are not so good tor bee-keepers as
cotton or other goods with a hard surface.
Dark clothing is also more offensive to the
bees than light colored.

4 and 5. Clipping the wings ot a queen be-
fore she is fertilized would ruin her. When
a prime swarm issues, the queen is a laying
one, and does not need fertilization. In after-
swarms the queen may or may not be fertil-
ized during the act ot swarming; but no
queen should ever be clipped till it is known
that she is laying.

6. I do not know that any one ever clips
all four ot a queen's wings. Some clip the
larger wing on one side; others clip the two
wings on one side. Clipping only one wing
leaves the looks of a queen less impaired ;
but some, myself among the number, prefer
to clip both wings on one side because it
makes it a little easier to see at a glance,
when a queen is moving over the combs,
whether she is clipped or not.

". Any time at the convenience of the
operator after she begins to lay. A common
custom is to look through the hives as soon
as convenient after the bees get to work in
the spring, so as to clip any new queens that
have come upon the stage through super-
sedure the preceding fall.

Methods of Increase Other Than
Swarming

I have 8 strong colonies of bees, and I also
have 4 Danzenbaker hives with full sheets of
foundation, desiring to have them drawn out
in worker-comb. Being a beginner I don't
know how to proceed to increase to 4 more
colonies in the Danzenbaker hives, but here
is my plan :

To order 4 queens, and on their arrival —
before going any further I wish to say that

7 of my colonies are in Langstrotb hives, and
the remainingoneis in a 2-story Danzenbaker,
with 10 frames ot honey above and quite
a little in the brood-chamber — take two
frames, or one frame, ot honey, placing same
in a Danzenbaker hive with 8 or 9 frames with
full sheets of foundation, and then go to
another strong colony and shake half ot the
bees in this hive, placing a piece at screen
over the entrance, then place the caged queen
over the frames to be released by the bees.
Then set all in a new place. After 4 days
take the screen off the entrance. Look at
them about September, and if in poor condi-
tion feed them.

My point is to increase to 4 more colonies,
using the Danzenbaker hive, taking frames
ot honey from another Danzenbaker hive, so
the bees would not starve until they get
started.

I bought 6 queens, and not receiving any
instructions with them, I introduced them to
the best of my knowledge, after reading in the
"ABC of Bee Culture " how to introduce.
With the first 2 colonies I was successful in
finding the queen, and after killing her I
looked tor queen-cells; not finding any I
placed the caged queen over the frames, and
after about 5 days I noticed them carrying in
pollen and working.

In colony No. 3 I found noqueen, but about

8 queen-cells, so I placed an empty hive-body
on the ground, and after putting a piece of
perforated zinc over the entrance, I brushed
all of the bees in front of the hive and let
them run in, then placed the frames back in
the hive again. I put a queen-excluder over

July 27,, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

523

the hive-body, and left the zinc over the en-
trance for nearly a week, and found them
gathering pollen and working.

Hive No. 4, not having time on Monday,
when I removed the other queens, to remove
the queens in the other 3 hives, I just placed
the caged queensover the frames, and il being
bad weather I couldn't do anything with them
until the following Monday, when I went to
hive No. 4, and finding the queen I killed her
and removed the stopper in the end of the
cage.

No. 5, not finding any queen I took an
empty hive-body, placed a piece of perforated
zinc oyer the entrance, shook all the bees in
front, and let them run in, placing the frames
in the empty hive-body. I put a queen-ex-
cluder over the hive-body containing the bees,
and placed them on their stand. I did like-
wise with No. 6. I noticed that they are all
working and gathering pollen. Do you think
I was successful? After introducing a queen,
and the bees gather pollen and go to work,
doesn't this signify that everything is satis-
factory? Delaware.

Answer. — Your plan of making the 4 new
colonies will work, although there are objec-
tions to it. The loss of time while the bees
are imprisoned 4 days is quite an item. The
bees will fret no little at the confinement, and
you will find an unpleasant number of them
dead when you open the entrance, especially
if the weather is very hot. Better keep them
in the cellar during their time of imprison-
ment.

Here is another plan that is not open to the
same objections: From the colony in the
Danzenbaker hive, take one frame of brood
without any bees. Put it in one of the empty
Danzenbaker hives, the rest of the hive being
filled with frames of foundation. Set this
new hive on the stand of one of the Lang-
stroth hives; shake into the new hive the bees
from half the frames in the Langstroth hive,
after first finding the queen, which you will
also put in the new hive, and set the Lang-
stroth hive in a new place, putting into it
year new q ueen caged. Do this with each of
the four hive?, and the bees will work right
along with no interruption.

After introducing a queen, if the colony is
working vigorously and carrying in big loads
of pollen, it is pretty good evidence that the
queen is all right ; but the safe plan is to look
and see whether eggs are in the frames. You
were certainly successful in introducing, if
the whole 6 are laying well.

I thank you very much for your kind words
in appreciation of this department.

Seir-Requeenlng-HlvJngWIld Bees
In Trees— Where to Fasten Sec-
tion Foundation— Ants In
Hives

1. A week ago I transferred a frame of
brood from an Sframe hive to a Danzenbaker
hive, cutting the comb of course to fit 1he
Danzenbaker frames, but I did not transfer
the queen, and 1 gave them the %-inch en-
trance. Do you think that was right, or
should I have given them the small entrance?
How long will it take them to rear a new
queen? I put the new hive on the old stand.

3. I would like to know some good method
of getting a colony of bees out of a hollow
tree into a frame hive.

3. When one receives a queen from a queen-
breeder, does the cage always have the name
of the kind of a queen on it?

4. In putting foundation in sections on
which end or side of the section should the
foundation be put, the one that has the dove-
tailed end. or the other?

5. Why not use full sheets of foundation in
every other frame instead of every one, to in-
sure straight combs in the brood-chamber?

6. A neighbor of mine has one colony of
bees whose hive is fairly alive inside with lit-
tle black ants, although the bees seem to be
working well, but the ants are on the bees, in
the combs, and everywhere else. What can
he do to get them out? I thought mine might
get that way, and I would better find out
what to do. Kansas.

f* Answers.—!. Unless tley build down into
it the larger entrance is better. Probably

they will not build down. If no queen-cells
were already starti'l when the queen was
taken away, it would be about three weeks
before they would have a laying queen. It
is a severe drawback to leave a colony so long
without a laying qucon at the beginning of
the season.

2. Something depends upon the tree and
the hight from the ground to the swarm. If
the bees are low down, the side of the tree
can be chopped away, leaving the brood-nest
exposed, when the coinbs can be cut out and
fastened in frames. If the bees are too high
for that, it will depend upon circumstances
whether to cut off the tree above the bees and
below, letting down with a rope the section
containing the bees, or to fell the tree and
run the risk of some smashing.

3. Generally not, I think, although I do
not know.

4. I prefer to put in the foundation so that
the dovetailed corner shall be at the bottom,
but a certain gentleman who does some very
interesting afterthinking for these pages, and
for whom I have very great respect, prefers
the dovetailed corner at the top. But I think
he does not use bottom starters, and I do.

5. It will not make as even combs as to have
all frames filled alike. Rather than have
every alternate frame filled and the rest
empty, I would have all the frames filled half
full. In either case you are likely to have
more drone-comb than is profitable.

6. I have known auts to be troublesome at
the hives on account of getting on the hands
of the bee-keeper, and apparently annoying
the bees, but the bees always kept them
driven out, and I never knew them to be
allowed on the bees as you say. (Down South
it is different.) Trace the ants to their nest,
and destroy them with gasoline or bisulphide
of carbon.

Taking Off the Hlve-Cover-Sowlng

Buckwheat-Perhaps Milkweed

Pollen

1. Is there any danger of the brood getting
chilled if the hive-cover is taken oft when it is
warm, and if off for any length of time?

2. What do you think is the best to sow as
a honey-plant? Is not buckwheat about as
good as there is ? About what time should it
be sowed?

3. What is the cause of bees coming out of
the hive with their legs fastened together?

Iowa.
Answers.— 1. On a warm day a frame of
brood well covered with bees may be left out
a long time without any harm, perhaps all
day if the bees do not leave it. Without bees
the larger larvae will begin to crawl out of the
cells it left out too long— starving, probably,
rather than chilling. It the weather is too
cool tor bees to fly freely, avoid taking out
brood, or at least keep it out as short a time
as possible.

2. Buckwheat is good, and probably there
is no better time to sow than the usual time
farmers sow for a crop in your locality. Sweet
clover is also good, and perhaps rape or mus-
tard.

3. The pollen from milkweed sometimes
adheres to the feet of the bees, and thus gives
them the appearance of clinging together.

Perhaps Motherwort- Red Clover
Bees— Don't Swarm or Work

1. 1 am sending the top of a plant that
grows OQ our farm in great abundance, when
not restricted. Thtre is none of it on adjoin-
ing farms, and no one seems to know what it
is. It grows from 2 to 3 feet tall, and the
blossoms extend up and down the stalk for 8
or 10 inches. It seems to be a great honey-
plant, for I have seen the stalk black with
bees when in blossom. What is it?

2. What kind of bees is the sample en-
closed !

3. Can red clover Italians get honey from
red clover? There :i re great amounts of red
clover here, but ni.v bees can not get it. I
know this, for the ilher day while looking
over my bees I foii.id a red clover blossom

I which had grown nt'ht in the entrance of one

hlvt; I pulled it up and found in it a largo
amount of nectar.

4. I have some bees in box-hives, and 2
colonies of them have been covering the
fronts of the hives for three weeks and
haven't swarmed yet. They will not work,
either. What is the matter with them, and
what can I do for them? Missouri.

Answers.— 1. It looks like motherwort.

2. It is hard to tell anything about bees that
are mashed in the mail ; but the sample looks
like blacks.

3. There is difference in the length of the
tongues of bees, and there would consequently
be a difference in the depth to which bees can
reach in red clover ; so there is no reason why
there should not be obtained a strain of bees
able to do a good deal more than other bees
on red clover. There is also a difference in
clover. Sometimes, either because the blos-
som tubes are shorter, or because they are
more fully filled with nectar, even black bees
may be seen working on red clover.

4. I don't know. I'm afraid there's lazy
blood in them. It is possible that they have
young queens, and don't care to swarm, and
are crowded out of the hive for want of room.
If you drum them out, and put them in frame
hives, it might stir them up to work; at any
rate you could then see more about their con-
dition. Likely, however, they will shortly
swarm, and the swarms may then show better
industry.

How Much to Smoke Bees-Requeen-
ing to Change Stock

1. How much smoke should I give a cross
colony of bees?

2. When and what is the best way to re-
queen some of these warrior colonies? I ex-
pect to try some of those gentle long-tongued
yellow queens. O, no, they don't "bite!"
Well, just come to my apiary and I will show
you some of those "yellow jackets." But
they store lots of honey. Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. As in other cases, use as
little as possible, but enough to subdue them.
That isn't very definite, is it? Perhaps I
might say, keep on smoking so long as the
bees keep darting out at you, and stop as soon
as they beat a retreat. With most bees a very
little smoke is necessary, and it you keep on
smoking they will boil out and run over the
sides of the hive at the top. That's too much.
Some have reported bees of such disposition
that smoke seemed to have little or no effect
on them, if indeed it did not make them
fiercer, and the only thing to do was to
manipulate very carefully. Yours are hardly
of that kind.

2. Right away, or as soon as you can give a
queen of gentler nature, put her in the hive
caged so the bees can not free her. In two or
three days open the hive, kill the old queen,
and leave the new one in the cage, but with
candy which the bees can eat out to liberate
her.

Reports ani)
Experiences

Uniting Weak Colonies witli Strong

Dr. Miller asks for reports from those who
have had experience with uniting a weak col-
ony with a strong one in the spring with the
use of the excluder, to save both queens.

The past spring I had a strong hybrid col-
ony in two e.'iLtraoting-supers for a brood-
chamber— call it No. 6. About 4 rods to the
southeast was a colony in a 10-frame Lang-
stroth hive Willi a fine queen and about one
pint of bees— tail It No. 7. About 8 rods to
the northeast was a colony in a Jumbo 10-
frame hive which had lost its queen but had a
fair-sized cluster of bees— call it No. S.

I put 2 wooil-zinc honey-boards on No. 6
so the queens could not get their heads to-
gether. I then placed No. 7 on No. 6. Of
course a few rk-lders were lost from No. 7, but

524

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27 1905

as best I could tell they seemed to become
welcomed at their next-door neighbor's,
which was a strong colony.

Now, No. 7 staid on No. 6 about 10 days,
by which time it had drawn up a strong force
of young bees and developed a fine lot of
brood, and by this time No. S had developed
laying workers. I then placed No. 7 on top
of No. 8, the field-bees returning to No. 6. In
a few days the laying-worker nuisance was
done with, and the queen, brood and bees of
all ages were all together in the upper story,
and most of the honey. I then removed the
empty combs from the lower (Jumbo) hive,
spread those which had a little honey, and a^
soon as they carried up the balance of the
honey I removed the Jumbo hive and had a
fine force ready for business.

I could not see that No. 6 was hurt a parti-
cle. The queen was there all right and lay-
ing profusely, and bees in great enough
abundance. I had calculated that it would
dampen the swarming propensity in No. 6,
but afterward concluded to break up that col-
ony into nuclei, and did not wait to see re-
sults on swarming. W. T. Cabt.

Carroll Co., Mo.

Bees Doing Well Now

Bees are doing well now. I have had only
one swarm so far, and it was a fine one. I had
only 2 colonies to begin with in the spring,
but I found a big one in a hollow log, which
with the new one makes 4 colonies.

David Hatnbs.

Dallas Co., Tex., June 26.

Bees Doing Well

I have DOW a..uut tj uuiuuios. i began with
25, and they seem to be doing quite well con-
sidering the weaiher, for it rains a great deal
this season. There is plenty of forage for
honey. Basswood is just beginning to flow.
The weather is clear this morning, so look for
a lot of honey now. Some of my colonies
have stored nearly .50 pounds of surplus
honey. We have plenty of alsike clover, also
white and red. N. H. Keizeb.

La Crosse Co., Wis., July 5.

we noted that some one in Ohio, who seems
grievously alHicted with afterthoughts, criti-
cised the aforementioned shotgun method
caustically.

Now we 'fess up. A swarm clustered on a
high limb shortly after we read of this unique
method. My brother said he would try it.
The shotgun was brought out and two shells
slipped in. He aimed at the limb, about 6
inches from the clustered bees, on the tree
side, and let go both barrels. It worked
beautifully. The shock knocked the bees
down, and they fell in a cluster at his feet.
(He had taken the precaution to don a bee-
veil.) The jolting made them pretty mad at
first, but they took the matter philosophi-
cally, and after circling a few moments, clus-
tered on a low cherry-tree, and we had no
more trouble with them. That's all.

If any one can beat the record of 33 swarms'
from 5 in less than two months, we would
like to hear of it. Some of these hilarious
swarms have begun work in the supers, so we
have a faint hope that they may reform in
time. Frank E. Kellogg.

McHenry Co., 111., July 14.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Good Promise from Basswood

We have had a very good honey crop so
far, with a good prospect for basswood and
willow-herb. Basswood is 10 to 15 days later
than it has been in years; it will not be in for
nearly a week yet. But I never saw a better
promise for a bloom. Elias E. Covetou.

Emmet Co., Mich., July 17.

A Swarming Time

We are completely outdone, out-gen eraled,
and non-plussed. Adjectives and swear words
are useless. Our woe is caused by the busy
bee that is supposed to gather honey all day
long, and later be robbed of its stores by wan-
ton man. If any veteran bee-man has any
bee-lore that fits a tenderfoot, let him exhale
it, or forever after hold his peace.
Hear our troubles and weep.
As the Editor of the American Bee Journal
knows, my brother and myself have been dal-
lying with the supposedly useful bee for lo.
these 3 summers. Last fall we put into win-
ter quarters 9 colonies. Five survived the
rigors of our Harveyized-steel winter, and
this spring we doped them liberally with
granulated sugar at ^6.'2:t per barrel.

May 20 the first swarm came out. This was
very kind of them, and we hived the indus-
trious insects promptly. But listen: Those
bees haven't done a thing since that date but
swarm and — sting. Twenty-three swarms
have emanated from those 5 since May 20.
That is the truth, the whole truth, and noth-
ing but the truth, so help us John Rogers,
and we refer you to Stoughton Cooley, of
Cook County, as to our veracity and other
desirable qualities. He was out here and saw
the bees. We changed hives and tried other
anti-swarming devices, but the misguided in-
sects went on doing business at the old stand.
It is a fact that one colony sent out a swarm,
and three days later sent out another swarm.
How is that for industry?

A short time ago we noted a wail from
somebody that his bees didn't swarm. Shades
of the gentle Huber! If he lived near us we
could strike up a bee-trade in short order.
However, we must hear our burden of bees
alone. They haven't swarmed now for two
days, and we are resting easier.

By the way, we noted in the Bee Journal
that some gentleman tried shooting swarms
from high limbs successfully. A little later

Rain Spoiled the Basswood

Bees are doing fairly well, though it rained
every day for two weeks. Basswood slipped
by without the bees getting much more than
a smell. White clover and catnip are now in
bloom, and these rains will give us a good
stand of red clover and fall flowers though it
did spoil our basswood. H. G. QniBiN.

Huron Co., Ohio, July 14.

Not a Large Honey Crop

The honey crop is of extra-good quality and
lots of it. But nights are cold, and there
have been many foggy days, and the bees
failed to reach home, so many have perished
with their loads. Many colonies failed to
store last year, and those not fed starved,
consequently the California honey crop will
not be overly large this year.

Delos Wood.

Santa Barbara Co., Calif., July 4.

National.— The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facte, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, and continue three
days.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be a* the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer, long sound of a), corner of Houston
and Jefferson Sts., and rates are only $1.00 a
day, and up. The convention will beheld at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

May Be a Sliort Crop

The bees are hardly holding their own. If
they don't get some honey before long I am
afraid our honey crop will be short for 1905.
R. R. Pattison.

Otero Co., Colo., July 6.

Getting a Fair Honey Crop

I think we are getting a fair honey crop in
this State. The weather is spotted, the flow
is not continuous, and there is too much
swarming; things seem abnormal, but the
clover is still fresh, and with good weather it
should secrete nectar. The basswood is full
of buds and will open very soon.

Geo. E. Hilton.

Newaygo Co., Mich,, July 6.

Missouri.— The Missonri State Bee Keepers
Association will meet in Sedalla, Auii. 22 and
23, opening session to be at 2:30 p.tn , Aug. 22.
The room to meet in will be named later on.
The State Fair meeting there at the same time
will obtain low railroad rates from all parts ot
the State. The Livestock Association a' so meet-
ing there on the 24th will give us some inspira-
tion. Hon. Geo. B. Ellis, Secretary of the Agn-
cultnral department, will be there and give a
talk and lend a helping hand. Louis A. Osborn,
of that place, has kindly offered to act as host,
and will direct to the place of meeting and to
accommodaiion. Hotel accommodations can be
had at $1 to $2 a day. Private boarding cheaper.
Let us turn out en masse and have a glurious
time as well as to effect some extraordinary
progress. W. T. Cary. Sec.

Honey Season in tlie East

Honey has been coming in quite freely in
some parts of the eastern States, some bee-
keepers having taken off some extracted and
in sections. What the season will be as a
whole I am unable lo say. Bees have been
building up quite well, though in some locali-
ties there was quite a winter loss.

H. S. Ferbt.

Westchester Co., N. Y., July 5.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Lan&stroth on the
^m^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to aU the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal— Chas. Dadant & Son.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the iii-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
0€ work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. ILL

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accouutiug

$-.0 to $U0 per month salary assured our graduates
under bond. You dont pay us until you have a
position. Lamest system of teleEraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPEK-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladles also ad-
mitted. Write lor Catalog.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.
Cincinnati. O. Buffalo, N.Y. Atlanta, tia. LaCrosse.

Wis. Texarkana. Tex. San Francisco, Calif.
29A17t Please mention the Bee Journal

BKB-KBBPBRS' 8UPPL1BS.

We are now able to quote lower prires than ever
before Highest quality guaranteed. We handle tlie
(J B Lewis Co'a goods. Italian Bees for sale In
dovetailed hives. Send for my 8M-page Catalog, and
leaflet tor beginners. They are free.

44Btf W. J. MCCARTY, Emmetsburg, Iowa

July:

IMdS

I'HE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

525

ITAIIAN ftlEENS

EITHER GOLDES OR HONEY QUEENS
AFTER JULY 1.

Our Goklens will
come up with any other
Golden strain.rOur
Honey - ^Jueens are
what some breeders call
" Red'Clover Queens."

1 6 12

Untested ♦ -75 $ '•■00 $7 00

Tested (or War. TesMd) 1-25 7.0J 13 00

Breeders - - 5.00

2fraoie Nuclei Ido Queen)... 2.00 11.00 22 00

When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
p rice of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction w
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation.

D. J. BLOCHER P^^lbL^'^""

16Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTB Queen-Clipping
Device Is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. Wemailitfor
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
[ New subscriber to the Bee Journal
){orayear atfl.OO; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

OEOROB W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

QUEENS

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease.
One Untested Queen, TS cents; (! for $4; 12 for
*r.50. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen, $2 25
each.

LUTHER PRESS WOOD,

28E5t RELIANCE, Polk Co., TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal -when -writine

Hand." Comb Foundation Mills

Honey Glassware

We have for sale a &-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. It interested write
for prices.

%-lb. and 1-lb. Octagon Xip-Xop tilass
Honey-Jars. Prices: "., -pounds, $450 a
gross; 3 gross for $13. 1-lb., 1 gross, $5.25;
3 gross for $14.50. Address,

YORK HONEY l^?p«L^Y^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mentLou Bee ^oamal "wiieii "WTltlaC

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so, we can fill yonr order with the best
Qaeens Ibat muney can bay. Try our strain of
3band Italians; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$S per doz. Tested Queens, pleach. Sead for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoREAUViLLE, Iberia Par., La.

Flease mention £sae Jonrnai wnon -wntinA

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

Diumer's Founflaiion is M Best.

Send for Catalog-, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax Into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Oot , Sole Ageots in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis>

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making^ for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIYES AIVD SHIPPING-CASES ~

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

WhatAdelBeesDo

E. Milton, Mass., May 27, 1005.
Seed me queen same strain as the one sent
1904. That qneen proved the best queen I ever
peceived. Her bees filled a super before May
15, V'OS. RoBT. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are $1 each.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham. Mass.

■^ft^'iH nQRntiOTt^ Hert J "iijirixai "woen ^/otitj.;;..,-

Italian Bees % Queens
FOR SALE

l-fratne Nucleus with Qneea $1 50

1 Tested QueeD, $1.00; 6 for 5 00

1 Warranted Queen, (5c; 6, A3 50; 13 for 6.00
Satisfaction guaranteed. Address,
N. STAININQER, Tipton, Iowa.

30A3t

Please oientlon tne tt^e lonroal.

S Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.

I ourHI^T^ES AMD SEOTIOZSrS
9 Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

S By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and

S secure prompt shipment.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. "s.*

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RKTURN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian ; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oit. 1.

Untested 12 for t6.00

6 for 3.25

Ifor 60

After Oct. 1.

Untested 13 for

" 6 for

1 for

,$7.50
. 4 00
. .75

Tested—
Each . .

Breeders-
Each . . .

.$1.50
. 3.00

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill. Tenn.

I fcytSryr Shipping-Cases |

■^ We are ruuniog overtime tilling orders, bat are willing to run day and night to ^,

'^ iosure prompt shipment. No extra charge for this service. Besides, our Shipping- '

■ ■^ Cases are sold for less money and are of better quality than you can buv elsewhere. ,
9 This is no pipe dream, but a proven fact. Ask those who have bought from us.
'^ All cases are made with one-piece covers in any « iiUli up to 13 inches. Send us

■ ^ your trial order NOW. Be sure to mention width desired. ,

I JOHN DOLL & SON,

f5 Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

526

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27. 1905

s

- QneeDS by Return Nail

The StandartI>Ured kind, reared by some of the
best queen-breeders in America, and warranted purely
mated. Sent by return mail at these prices:

One Untested Queen for 75 cents; 3 for 5^2.10; or 6
for $4.00.

An Untested Italian Queen=Bee
FREE as a Premium

==^^^ For Sending One New Subscriber :

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a tine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who complies with the following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed :

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2. Sending your own name with SI. 00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle yon
to a Queen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a I^EW subscriber; which means,
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one; and, also, the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
be made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be
earned in a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

If you can not get a new subscriber, and want one or more of these Queens, we
will send the American Bee Journal a year and a Queen — both for only $1.50.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 DeapboFn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

s

^
<§

G. B. Lewis Co's Goods at Factory Prices

We carry a most complete line of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Send for catalog. It's
free. Foundation Cutter free with each order, if you state where you saw this ad.

t3Atf NORRIS & ANSPACH, Keutou, Ohio.

We are

Manuiactnrers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING- - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS— HIVES-AND EVERY-
THING FOR THE BEE-KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments. Low Prices.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian Queens

Untested, after June 15, 75c; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders — the very best, $5.00. Terms casli

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. WAI.XER M. HO»SS,

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please meutlou the Bee Journal.

60 SXB3.C lZ<n 9 mojj nsvi pay *«
a

tut'ilSlH,'

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have iried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if 1 want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Frkd Fodnbr,

If you want the Bee-Bool(

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cool(, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts to many times
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Liice — the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and protit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chirks. A 1 rial 10c box will
prove it. 100 (_z.. by express, $1.00.
'A O. K. STOCK FOOD CO.,

D. J. Lamliert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bldff., Cblcaco, lU.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

44Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

B?"J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it.*' — A. G.

••TThe KUSU of r.iijltiy. '^ Large

size, good lasers oi finest eggs.

Hardy and fearless, the best all

urpo.se fowl. Willow legs and

tay eyes. Illustrated circular.

26th year.' H. H. FLICK,

MANCHESTER. MP.

QFrom best honey-
I 4 f^^ ir% C g-athering stock 60c.
UWWlld 1-ested Queens, tl.OO.

28A4t ' Rt. i.

WINCHESTER, IND.

Jnly 27 l^oS

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

527

B66SUDPII6S

Guaranteed Superioritu !

L0W6S^Prl66S

We have been making Bee-
Mlves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

Fleaaa mention Bee Journal -when -wrlUoa

BeeSfQueens and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. A 1 1 queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen S .65

One tested queen "iO

One select tested queen.. 1.10

One breeding queen l.bS

One comb nucleus (no

queeni 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
prices. J» ^» STROI^G.

ao4 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consig'aLiip, "baying or selling'f consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

SEND TO

JOHN W. PHARR

Berclair. Tex.

He will furnish at same prices as last year:
Tested, *1 ; Untested. 75c ; 5 for «3.25 ; 10 for
$6 ; 15 for ?8.25 ; 25 for $12.50 ; 100 for $45. He
breeds Goldens, Carniolans and 3-Band Ital-
ians. Also 1, 2, and 3 frame Nuclei, and full
colonies. Prices given on application. Pharr
pays the freight, and guarantees satisfaction
on all Queens. To do justice and judgment is
more acceptable with the Lord than sacriflce.
— (Prov. 3: 21.) 6Atf

Hease mention Bee Jotuual -when wrltisf.

New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would pay those having ii ia car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
(roods and styleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

28Atf Manzanola, Coi o.

Please mention Bee Jouma]
when writing advertisers.

For Queens

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Queens NOW Ready 10 SupDlu
bii Return Mail

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,

from selected mothers; have proven their qtialities as

GREAT HONEY-GATHERERS.

/^/~v|/-| y^»l I -^ o I J O t^ £? Have no superior, and tew equals. BSl
vJUliiCll I LCtllCtlld Untested, 75c; 6 for $4.00. WSH

fel Red Clover Queens

W h ich left all records be-
hind in honey-gathering.
Untested, 75c; 6 for $4.
/^ • I — They are so highly recommended, being

^^3.rni013.riS more gentle than all others. Untested, 75c ;
6 for $4.00.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- Secsipax-f

Chicago, July 18 —Market is at a standstill,
partly because of the time of year when little
comb honey is consumed and partly to await
the outcome of the present harvest. The weath-
er is at present ideal and the flow of nectar
makes the bees hum, that hum that puts smiles
on the face of the husbandman though he be
weary, R. A. Burnktt & Co.

Albany, N.Y., June 17.— The honey market
here is very dull now. It is between seasons.
Receipts and demand very lig-ht. Very Utile
old crop carried over, and will be in g-ood shape
for new crop, which begins in August Quota*
tioQs are nominal now. White comb, 12*o 14c;
mixed. 10@12c; dark, 10@llc. Extracted, white,
6@6!^c; mixed, 5^6@6c; dark, 6@6!^c. Beeswax,
28@30c. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, July 20. — New comb honey has
made its appearance; fancy white in 24-section
cases selling at $2 75 per case; No.l at $2.50, and
good Remand, 'i here is no new extracted iu as
yet, market on old stock being quotable at from
5@6c. Beeswax, 25(m28c. C. C. clbmons & Co.

Philadelphia, July 19. — The outlook for
honey is very good. Some lots of new white
honey have already arrived and are selling in
a small way, according to grade, from I2@14c.
New extracted honey is selling: Fancy white,
65^@7c; amber, 5l^ra't.i^c. Beeswax in good de-
mand at 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Cincinnati, July 10. — We sold today at our
store new crop of fancy cumb honey at 13J^c
per pound. There is still a big stock of last
season's honey on ihe market, that is going
begging at any price. Extracted honey is mov-
ing quite lively nuw. We sell amber in barrels
at SjIwf.Vfec, accordiu^; to quality. White clover
at 7@8H.c. Beeswax, 26c.

Thk Frbd W.Muth Co.

Denver, June 2 .—The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enou^ru of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new rrop comes in; the same is
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 21 sections, J2w^^20; No. 2. $1.75^*2. White
extracted, 6J4*"7>^c perpound. Beeswax, 26c.
The Colo. Iioney-Producers' Assn.

New York, Jun: ''*. — The comb hooey mar-
ket is very quiet a:~ ' we are hardly justified in
making quotatiou-- Some few lots are sold here
and there at I3c io . ancy, and 10@12c for lower

grades, but no large blocks could be moved at
these figures. There is still considerable of
last year's crop unsold, part of which, no doubt,
will have to be carried over until the fall. Ex-
tracted honey in fairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6i^(^7c for
water-white, t.rg.t)^c for white, and 5(^S^c for
light amber. Southern at 50("'60c per gallon
according to quality. Beeswa.x somewhat df-
clining; choice average stock selling at 29c.

Hildrbth (b Segelkbn

Cincinnati, O., July 17.— There is no demand
for comb honey on account of tbe wu m
weather. Extracted is in usual demand f^r this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, iu barrels, at 55i@5'>6c; in cans,
S^@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. H. vv, Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Jnly 5.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, H@— cents; amber,8§10c. Extracted,
white, 5}i@— cents; light amber, 4@4j^c; am-
ber, 3@3i4c; dark amber, 2Ji@— c. Beeswax,
srood to choice, light, 27@29c; dark, 25S26c.

There has been no wholesale movement in
honey this week and no new features have de-
veloped.

SECTIONS

Millions of Sections. You want quicli de-
livery. We have the facilities for executing
orders promptly. Remember that

Quality

is the first consideration
about Sections. "Lewis'

Sections" means highest

quality. Do uut be misled by low prices. A
clean-cut, brilliant, white section enhances
the price of your honey.

Shipping-Cases

Order your supply now. Pack your honey
in cases before storing away ; this keeps them
in a briffht, clean condition. We invite your
inquiries. We can ship promptly.

Louis Hanssen's Sons

27A4t Davenport. Iowa.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

528

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

July 27, 1905

Oh! what will the Harvest Be?

Oh, harvest bee 1
With your snow-white honey

IN LEWIS' SECTIONS PUT UP IN
LEWIS' SHIPPING-CASES

SEND TO YOUR NEAREST
"LEWIS" AGENT

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert. Actou.
California Lumber it
San Francisco.

Milling Co.,

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Hoaey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus A Co., Seattle.

Q. B. LEWIS CO. ^ -^ss-

Watertown,Wis.

^ee Journal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL.. AUGUST 3, 1905

No. 31

Some 4th of July *' Kodaks" Taken at Dr. Miller's

(See page 534)

IB^

I

p

^^

i

f

Dr. Miller with Bee Hat and Veil, also Record-Book—
before going to tbe apiary

' Mother " Wilson — Dr. Miller's Beloved
Mother-in-Law

Brood-Combs with IKi <Jueen-Cells — Started by
Dr. Miller's Cyprian Colony

Dr. Miller Holding His Yearling Clydesdale,
" Roderick "

530

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3. 1905

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK 8 CONPAINY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal fa
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Canada, anil
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, ou
cents a year extra for poHtaRe. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispaii.
For instance, "deciis" on your label shows that it 13
paid to the end of Dtcember, I9u4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful rlKhU. . . .». ^ ,x -

3d.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration ol
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wis.

t^r- If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
oablishers of the American Bee Journal.

The Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUBS

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.0(* for each
20 (or fraction of lio) colonies of bees (spring count*
he owns or operates.

'2. Any honey -dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member <^n the
annual payment of a fee of $10. increased by one*
fifth of one (1) percent of hia or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George w. Vork, Manager,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premlutn

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
igOiS. we will t;ive an untested Italian queen )or
sending us ONE NEW subscription with $l.i'U for the
Bee Journal a year. Now is the lime to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

H0NEY=JAR5.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal serew cap, holding one
ponud of honey net, one gross in case complete
in 5-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f o.b. New York, If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 & 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

11 \tf ''Vs^p Tn*»ntir-tn the Ree Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a huudred miles of me are over %■ of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette K.K., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

12A182 FREMONT. MICH.

Sfiease meutioii Bee 4 :>ania> wbeu -vrttme

>iar. wCi*. *iif. *Ai'. *t'*- ■I'*' ->i<'- .!^i'. .«'!''■ .*'A''. .'i'". .*'#''- -<■#■'' ■«<l^' -^JL- -itiL -itiL- -*A^' ■«l'' -«l''- >lJf- itiL .^'i.- -l^- .'^^' -*#Jt

« If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

0
0

Root's Goods afRooi's Prices

Everything^ used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'5 HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freig-ht Rates. .•. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

••.»f-

■«.»v

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return IHaii

Untested Queen $ .75

Select Untested Qneen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

^!»?7».«' Tl? Tl? <!»." >♦." 'tf if.* If* <!»." <!!.• 'tf it." it" ll." 1|.« ■!♦." it." it" it" it? it" it." it" lt.*^!t?^!t^

Millions of Sections
ShlDDlng-Cases

TONS of COMB
FOUNDATION

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee-Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thing the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Goods in Indian-^
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received In the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 75c; Select Untested, $1.00; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested,
$2.00.

CIUI O/^/^ I I Jf /^r> 1004 East Wash. Street
■ IVI. OWV^ I I OC \^\Jm INDIANAPOLIS, IND. •^•^ •{••{• •^•i>

N.B. — A Porter Bee-Escape, or Its equivalent, FREE with first order, if you say where you saw
this ad. .-.su.^:- it^^xi^Laik iW'-rt jcajiiia* waeii vrrtrxcL^,

LEWIS' SECTIONS,

SHIPPING-GASES,

-AND A FULL LINB OF-

BEE-SUPPLIES BY RETURN
FREIGHT OR EXPRESS.

SEND TO

H. M. Aksd, Manager.

York Honey 'TuS.^f^ Co.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,
using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Vatalog and prices on Honey on application. It you want Cood Ooods
aE Factory Prices and Prompt ^liipnient, send j'our orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal ffySrS^

Aug-. 3, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

531

m

a

DADANT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

ih:

« ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ «

OF ALL KINDS.

T#TT»Tl)Rf^

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

- BUCKEYE STRifklN RCO CLOVER, GOLDEN ITAlUnS
By Rsturn Mall. Ssf* Arrjval GuaraiTtaad.

PR.ICSIS. oNc ' 'six twelve

Untastad •....'. $0.75 »4..00 $7.50

Salact Untaatad 1.00 5.00 9 00

Tastad ■.,....,. 1.50 8 00 15.00

Saiact Taatad . 2.00 10 00 18.00

Selaet Braadara, aaeh -......,. $3.00

Two-frama Nuclaua and Rad Clovar Quaan - v 3.00 .

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Wa 8BLL ROOT'S GOODS IN MICHIGAN

Let nB qnote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Journal -when writUiA

VIRGINIA QUEENS ^'/'L^cr^o^irrnr^ear^
of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtaioed from W. Z Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, 60c; tested
qneens, $1.00; after June IS, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after J une 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
17A2t.t Fredericksburg, Va.

4Hi/\i/vi/\l/\i/\i/Vi>\t/U/\t/Vi/U/iiAi>\i/\l>vi/UAt/\l/\i/U/\l/\i/\i/

Bee ■ SuDDiies ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest
variety of everjlbing needed in the
Apiary, assuring l>i st goodsat lowest
,^Z prices, and pruiupt sbipmeats. We want every bee-keeper to havi- our Free Illiis-
^g trated Catalog, and read description of AlterDating Hives Massie Hives, etc.
^^ Write at onoe for Catalog, either English or German lant; iH:;e.

^ KRhlwHMhR MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

^ AGENCIES

•^ Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnlton i Ford, i.rden City, Kansas.

*^ Shngart & Onren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, L: .■', Colo.

■« Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Anto Tex.

FINE QUEENS

By Return flail. From my
3 and 5 banded long^- tongued
Italians. Tested, *1; war-
ranted tested, 75c; untested,
60c; no disease. I guaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW

F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

I QUPNS !

J^ We have secured the services 2

g of one of the best Queen special- Q

g ists in the U. S. Over 20 years' C

2^ experience rearing- Queens. Our X

a Yard is stocked with select breed- kl

jz ers from the best yards in Amer- •!

2, ica, and can send Queens by re- X

a turn mail.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untesferi ^jueens $ .75 fl

Select I'l. tested Queens ... . 1.00 jj

Tested ij 11 eens 1.50 »

Select Tested Queens 2.50 0

GRIGGS BROS-

,^Ji Monroe Street,
TOLiKQO, - OHIO.

Please mouiuu Bee JouruaA vrneix vmtin^

532

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 1905

QUEENS

August is the time to requeen the apiary. It pays to
have the best possible stock. Root's Red Clover Strain is
famous the world over for its many points of excellence. A
young, vigorous queen introduced now will bring the colony
up to the best possible condition for wintering. Queens,
too, now are the cheapest, and prompt delivery is made.

We are in an unequalled position to fill your queen
orders. Having eleven apiaries, approximately 900 hives,
with hundreds of Baby Nuclei, we are in condition to take
care of all orders sent.

Table of Prices

Reg-ular Italian Queens

Untested queens ^ '5

Select untested queens 1 00

Tested queens 1 50

Select tested queens 2 50

Red-Clover and Other Strains of Italian Queens
Reared in the Root Go's Apiaries

Untested queen $1 OO

Select untested queen 1 25

Tested queen 2 00

Select tested queen 3 00

Breeding queen 5 00

Select breeding queens T 50

Extra select breeding queens, 1 year old 10 00

Imported Queens

Fair imported queens $3 00

Best imported queens 5 00

Caucasian Queens

We can spare a limited number of imported Caucasian
queens, received direct from the best breeders in Caucasus.
Prices as follows :

Extra .select Caucasian imported queens $15 00

Select Caucasian imported queen 10 00

Extra select untested Caucasian-Italian queens,
from Caucasian mothers mated with Italian

drones 3 00

Select do 2 00

Orders tilled in rotation. Delivery begins about July 15.

Prices of Nuclei

One-frame nucleus, without queen S2 00

Two-frame nucleus, without queen 3 00

Three-frame nucleus, without queen 3 50

One colony of bees in 8-frame Dovetailed hive, no queen 7 50

" I received my bees and queen and I am well pleased with them.
The queen is a beauty, and the bees easy to handle. They were to
worli in ten minutes after I put them in the hive." — E.T.Mills,
Ills., May 15, 1905.

" I beg to acknowledge receipt of five fine queens, and, as they got
here in good shape, beg to thank you for prompt and successful de-
livery. Without further advice, I am yours truly,

" Freuekico Somerford, Cuba, June 13, 1905."

" I am pleased to say that the bees are doing fine. I find eggs in
every available cell. I also found the queen, and it is entirely satis-
factory."—W. H. Durst, Ohio, July 20, 1905.

Send for complete price-list

GASES

Don't allow your comb honey to be sold at low prices
on account of poor Shipping-Cases. Put your crop into
Root's No-Drip Cases, and it will reach the market in per-
fect condition and bring the highest prices. Our cases are
made of selected basswood, with 2 or 3 inch glass front,
which shows oflf the honey to the best possible advantage.
Below is a condensed price-list. Complete prices and par-
ticulars are found in our General Catalog. Write for it.

Shipping-Cases.
Name and Size of Case.

12-ln. 4-row for 4)^ section . . . .
10-in. 4-row " "

12-in. 2-row " "

10-in. 2-row " "

16-in. 3-row " "

8-in. 3-row " "

63^-in. 3row " "
7Jg-in. 4-row for 4x5 "
TJg -in. 3-row " "

9}^-in. 4-row for 3°^x5 "
6Ji-in. 3-row '" "

Price complete

CO 1

I-

X3

including 3-in.

a CO

3 .
O to ■

03

glass one side.

1

30

nails and pa-
per, in flat.

With 2 i
instead
per 100.

With

glas

100

1

10

100

J2

2h

2 00

$18 00

817 00

$16 00

30

25

2 00

17 00

16 00

15 00

20

15

1 30

11 00

10 50

10 00

20

15

1 20

10 50

10 00

9 50

25

18

1 50

12 00

11 50

11 00

20

15

1 30

11 50

10 75

10 00

20

15

1 20

11 00

10 25

9 50

30

22

1 80

16 00

14 00

25

20

1 40

13 00

10 50

30

•J2

1 80

16 00

14 00

25

20

1 40

11 50

10 00

5-Gallon Square Cans

These are the favorite packages for shipping Extracted
Honey to the market. There can be no shrinkage and con-
sequent leaking ; no taint to the honey from wood, as is so
frequently the case with kegs and barrels. The cans being
square economize space, and are easily handled. This
package is almost exclusively used in the West. They take
4th class freight-rate.

PRICE LIST OF SQUARE CANS.

No. in
a box.

1

2

10

12

24

100

100

100

Capacity of each can Price of

in gallons, in honey. , 1 box. 10 bxs.

5-gal

5 gal

1-gal

}^-gal

1-gal
)s-gal,
34-gal

can boxed .

60 lbs.

60 "

12 "

6 "

3 "

12 "

6 "

3 "

$

55

85
1 50
1 50
3 40
H 00
9 00
7 00

$ 5 00

8 00

14 00

14 00

23 00

105 00
85 00
65 00

Wt. of
1 box.

10 lbs.

15 "

30 "

20 "

35 "

110 "

80 "

60 "

" The consignment of bee-material received to-day. Your prompt-
ness in filling orders is remarkable, especially when the circumstances
are considered. I am very well satisfied with the goods and your deal-
ing. I take pleasure in having introduced Root's Goods into this
neighborhood."— Rev. Wm. Engelke, Iowa, May 5, 1905.

" I do not want anything set up, as I would rather set the hives up
myself, besides it is a pleasure to put Root's hives and fixtures to-
gether."—John L. FoNK, Ohio, Jan. 11, 1905.

" I desire to thank you for being so prompt in sending the sec-
tions I ordered from you. They came in less time than it takes to tell
it."— L. G. Rked, Ohio, July 10, 1905.

Send for complete price-list

The A. I. Root ComDany

ILwlEIDIlSrj^, OHIO

f

Ghicaoo, 14' p,. Erie St.

BR-A-ISrOHES

Philadelphia, 10 Vine St.

New York, 44 Veseu St.

■▼-▼▼

^^^^^"^^^^^^^^

< Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Published Weekly at Sl.OO a ¥ear by Ueorge ^^. York & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORae W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, AUGUST 3, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 31

(£bitortal Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

=\

\=i

=/

The Fourth Double Number

It will be noticed that this is another
double number — 32 pages — making the fourth
of the kind so far this year. It will take sev-
eral minutes longer to read it all, but it will
pay to do it. We hope it will be enjoyed also.

Marketing Honey

This copy of the American Bee .Journal
might almost be called a special number on
the very important topic of marketing honey.
Results of actual experience are given, and if
minutely followed by others similar successes
should be attained. We bespeak a careful
reading of all in this issue on marketing
honey, as well as the other contents.

Shipping Extracted Honey

Usually extracted honey is shipped with no
loss whatever. Perhaps a large majority of
the producers put it into the common 5-gallon
or 60-pound tin can, two cans in a wooden
box. Practically all the Western extracted
honey is thus put up for market.

In some of the Middle States, notably Wis-
consin and certain parts of Illinois, and even
in New York State, much of the extracted
honey is put into barrels. Where the right
kind of barrels can be had, and if the pro-
ducer understands the use of barrels for such
purposes, they are all right. But please ex-
cuse us from handling honey in barrels, espe-
cially if it is to be held in storage many
months before being sold to the consumer
who will use it very soon.

Grading Comb Honey for Market

Few bee-keepers agree as to the grading of
comb honey. This doubtless is the result of
every bee-keeper seeming to think that his
own honey is always the fanciest kind of
fancy honey. At least that was our experi-
ence when we were dealing somewhat exten-
sively in honey. Nearly every shipper that
we dealt with thought he should have the

top-of-the-market price for his honey, no
matter in what grade it deserved to be placed.

We had some interesting experiences that
we could give if it were necessary. But we
remember several instances where half-filled
and half-sealed sections were put in back of
the row of nice ones next to the glass front.
Also where dark and " measley " looking sec-
tions of honey were mixed in with the nice
white ones that invariably veneered the case.

Let us say it in the kindest way possible,
that we are certain it will pay even bee-keep-
ers to be straight and honest. It never pays
to be otherwise, in the long run. It may be
possible to work off a gold-brick once, but
hardly the second time — not on the same per-
son, at least.

Were we to ship honey to a distant market
we would send only the best grades, and
either eat the poorer honey or sell it in the
home market at a little lower price, perhaps,
to people who would just as soon have it as
the finer-looking honey.

We would not put our name and address
on the sections or cases of honey unless we
had the consent of the purchaser to do so.
We might, however, put our initials on the
outside of all the cases, so that the receiver
should not get it mixed with some other
shipment of honey.

crate, first putting in the bottom of the crate
a thick bed of straw or hay, or excelsior. This
will act as a cushionunder the cases of honey.
The crate should then be enclosed on top by
nailing on say two or three strips of boards,
on which must be marked in large, plain

letters —

COMB HONEY.

Handle with Care.

Also coming even with the upper edge of
each side of the crate we would nail on a
piece of lioard, say an inch thick by 3 or 4
inches wide, and extending beyond the ends
of the crate about 5 inches. These will serve
as handles for the freight men to take hold of
when moving the crate either on or off the
cars.

As said before, whenever the foregoing in-
structions as to preparing comb honey for
shipment were implicitly followed, the honey
arrived at its destination in perfect condition.
It seems such a pity to have a lot of nice
comb honey arrive in a broken or smashed-
up condition, and all for the lack of proper
packing before shipping. We trust that
readers of the American Bee .Journal will
never be called upon to suffer any loss when
sending their comb honey toa distant market.

Shipping Comb Honey

Some time ago we promised to publish
detailed directions for shipping comb honey
safely. As the time to put such information
into practical use is now here, we present not
only the result of our own experience, but
that of some others as well.

For a number ol" years we were in the honey
business rather lixtensively, and every ship-
ment of comb honey that was either sent out
or received at our store, if packed according
to our instructions, carried safely.

In the first place, the comb honey should
be put in either r2-pound or 24-pound ship-
ping-iviifs. Then say 9 of the 12-pound or 6
of the 24-pound eases packed in a shipping -

"Sell Your Honey Early"

Editor Root gives in Gleanings the follow-
ing good advice as to selling honey :

" As we have said before in these columns
we say again, sell your honey early. New
honey, right off the hives, always has the
! advantage. Consumers learn to expect new
honey just as they expect new maple molasses.
It is generally poor policy to hold back, wait-
ing for better prices. Anyhow, manage to
get it sold before the holidays — the sooner
the better, as a rule."

Usually, higher prices rule for a very few
months after the first honey comes on the
market; after that the tendency in prices has
been to drop a little. 9o Mr. Root's advice is
all right, taken one season with another.
Occasionally it ™*y be the case that prices of
honey will tro up in a few months after the
new crop is put on the market, but such ex-
perience IS quite exceptional, we believe.

Lava Soap for Removing Propolis

This ha= been highly extolled, but J. A.
Green, in 'leanings in Bee Culture, reported

534

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Ang. 3 1905

it a failure with him. Editor Root, having
previously used it successfully, finilly struck
a kind of propolis that was proof against
lava soap. He says :

" To-day I got my hands pretty badly
smeared up with a yellowish-brown propolis,
' and now,' said I, ' is a good time to test the
lava soap.' It had absolutely no effect on the
propolis. I rubbed and scrubbed; but the

I

more I lathered and soaped the more it seemed
to stick. I then went to the benzine-can,
sopped my hands in the liquid, and soon had
the satisfaction of seeing the propolis roll off.
A second application of the soap made my
hands nice and clean."

He thinks this "gummy, yellowish-brown
stuff" must first be treated with gasoline,
alcohol, or the like.

r

inisccUaneoiis Hctps 2kms

=\

\=

jf

Fourtb of July with I>r. Miller.—

Again it was the happy privilege ot y<; editor
and wife to spend Fourth ot July with Dr.
C. C. Miller and his family. Doubtless the
great majority of our readers know that
Dr. Miller's family usually comprises, be-
sides himself, Mrs. Miller, her sister (Miss
Emma M. Wilson), and their beloved mother,
Mrs. Wilson. " Mother" Wilson will be 87
years ot age her next birthday. The presence
of this dear old saint would be a benediction
in any home. Although the day was cloudy
and rainy, we persuaded her to sit on the
porch, holding a tray ot four boxes of just-
picked luscious strawberries, in order to
" take her picture." The result is shown on
the first page.

Dr. Miller has two apiaries this season — one
at home, having 125 colonies and nuclei, and
an out-apiary (3 miles away) with 100 colo-
nies. All are run for comb honey. He began
with 178 colonies in the spring.

In early spring he and his efficient assistant.
Miss Wilson, had prepared 36,000 sections,
each with a top and a bottom starter of comb
foundation, and all put in supers ready to
place on the hives when needed. The pros-

He is using what proves to be a very rapid
method o? having queen-cells completed for
the queen-nursery. He removed the queen
from the only Cyprian colony he has, and
then gave that queenless colony two frames
of eggs and young larvie from the banner
colony. In due time the Cyprian colony had
those two combs looking like the picture on
the first page. There were 45 queen-cells on
one of them, and 74 on the other. It was
really laughable to see how the bees of that
"Cyp" colony had humped themselves in
order to provide a queen or two for them-
selves! Then at the proper time Dr. Miller
simply cuts off the perfected cells and puts
them in the queen-nursery, which is placed
over another colony for hatching. As the
virgin queens then emerge, they are intro-
duced to nuclei previously formed, and await-
ing the reception of the hybrid queens reared
by the fiery-tempered Cyprian nurses. It is all
a very successful procedure.

Dr. Miller keeps a book record of each col-
ony ot his apiaries. The home yard is num-
bered beginning with 1, while the out-yard
begins with a higher number. One book con-
tains the records of both apiaries for the sea-

very annoying, as it is located only a few rods
from the home. And when starting for the
out-apiary the record-book, of course, is about
the first thing thought of as necessary to take
along.

There is great advantage in this record-
book. Dr. Miller can, before starting from
the house in the morning, look over the col-
ony records in his book, and see in a Sew min-
utes nearly all the work needed to be done
that whole day. In fact, the condition of
each colony in his apiaries is noted in the
book. He can almost at once see just what
should be done next— the most important
thing that requires prompt attention — before
going to the apiary for personal examination.
And by referring to his record-books, he can
tell just what he has done each year with bees
during the past two score years or more. In
the picture shown, the Doctor is sitting in a
rocking-chair on the porch, with record-book
open on his lap, ready to find out just what
nuclei need virgin queens. After learning
that, we proceeded to the apiary and intro"
duced a number of them.

He is also making trial of the dual method
of introducing queens. Suppose a nucleus
contains a virgin queen. Three or more days
before she is likely to be ready to lay, a sec-
ond virgin is introduced. She is put in a
cage something like the Miller introducing
cage already on the market, but with no pro-
vision tor the bees to release her by eating
out the candy. Instead of that a little ball o
candy is dropped right into the cage, and the
virgin put in with it, then the stopper is put
in. Just as soon as virgin No. 1 becomes a
laying queen she is removed from the nucleus
and used wherever needed. On the same visit
when No. 1 is removed, No. 3 is let out of the
cage, and at the same time virgin No. 3 is put
caged into the nucleus. Then when No. 3 is

(From the Northwest)

peot was, July 4, that even more sections
might be required, should white clover con-
tinue to yield as it had in previous best sea-
sons.

Dr. Miller believes in rearing all the queens
for requeening his apiary and for increase,
from the queen whose bt-es produced the
largest quantity ot honey a previous season.
As it happened, that queen this time was a
hybrid. But he is requeeniug and queening
the increase made by the miileus method with
queens reared from the one mentioned.

TWO VIEWS OF DR. MILLER'S HOME APIARY

SOD. Each year requires a new book. Every
detail of each colony, and also of everything
connected with both apiaries, is carefully
noted down. Then at the end ot the season
it is easy to total the results, not only of each
colony, but of each apiary.

A lead-pencil is attached to the book with a
string, and notations are made at each hive
as the work proceeds. Of course, there is
danger ot forgetting to take the book along to
the apiary when starting, but in the case of
Ihe home apiary such forgettulness is not

(From the Southwest)

laying she is taken out. No. 3 is released and
No. 4 is caged, and so on. This plan has been
successfully used by Editor Root, and saves
the usual time of introducing a fresh virgin.

Dr. Miller likes horses also. He drives a
spirited team of mares in a two-seated car-
riage. It he were a young man we should
fear his taking to rate-horses. But as he is
now about 3 months past 74 years, he will not
likely be "carried away" with anything
faster in the horse-flesh line than he now
owns. One of his mares had a colt a year ago

AUR. 3. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

535

in May. Oa July 4 Dr. Miller haltered it and
led it out on the lawn to have its picture
taken. The result is seen. It is threequar-
ters Clydesdale stock, and promises to grow
into a fine horse of a beautiful light bay color.
The Doctor will soon be harnessing Roderick
and likely be driving him a little by the time
he is two years old.

We must not forget to mention the delicious
strawberries that are found on Dr. Miller's
place, which, with their " home grown "
cream, make such a rich feast.

But one day is all too short with Dr. Miller
and his happy family. It's almost a continu-
ous bee-convention from morn till night, for
aside from the time spent in the apiary it was
mostly bee-talk.

Dr. Miller is probably the most prolific
writer on bees in all the world. And his
writing is so original and entertaining that it
charms, entertains and instructs those wbo
are privileged to read it. But his conversa-
tion is just as pleasing, and withal he is so
cheerful and young-hearted that to be with
him even a whole day seems all too brief a
time. We count it a thing to be greatly

they will be announced with the dates as
soon as known. We are hoping to get up a
carload of bee-keepers to start from Chicago
in time 1o take in ihe " Bee-Keepers' Day " at
the Fair, and then the National Convention.
As soon as we can get any definite informa-
tion concernintr tiansportation we will place
it before our readers, and trust that as many
as can do so will arrange to go together from

Chicago.

•

They Leave the " Wax."— "Tour gov-
ernment," said the foreigner, " is a failure.
Everywhere your institutions are honey-
combed with graft."

"Oh," replied the hopeful American, "it
isn't as bad as you think. The grafters have
been public-spirited enough in most cases to
leave the wax."

T. W. Bryan, somewhere in Illinois, is
running a small advertisement in farm papers
offering, for -SI. 00, "The Art of Attracting
and Catching Snaruis of Bees. Copyrighted
June 0, 1904." We can hordly believe that
any of our readers would be willing to pay

MISS WILSON READY FOK BEE-WOKK

prized, that we have been permitted to know
Dr. Miller so intimately, and to be able to
present each week to our readers something
from his ready pen, drawn from years of
practical experience with bees. We are sure
all will join with us in wishing him yet many,
many years of health and happiness ere he
shall be called to exchange his earthly home
for the one " not made with hands, eternal in
the Heavens."

The San Antonio Convention of the

National Bee-Keepers' Association meets Oct.
30, 31, and Nov. 1. Oct. 28 will be " Bee-
Keepers' Day " at the International Fair to be
held at that time in San Antonio. We have
consulted several leading railroad companies
here in Chicago, and they tell us that no spe-
cial rates have as yet been decided on that
bee-keepers in the North can take advantage
of. They think there will be low rates in
force at. the .timeiof the convention, and that

Sl.OOfor what they can easily find out in any
one of the standard tjooks on bee-keeping, be-
sides a thousand and one other things of
value. Mr. Lisle Schneider, of Iowa, has
kindly sent us a copy of Mr. Bryan's adver-
tisement, taken from some farm paper. We
are always glad to have our readers send us
anything apiarian that they may find in publi-
cations that we would likely not see otherwise.

W. H. H. Stewart, of Whiteside Co.,
111., gave us a brief call last week. He is a
bee-keeper of many years' experience, and
usually attends the annual meetings of the
Chicago-Northwestern Association.

Ira Barber, of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.,
writing us July 2", said:

" There is a large crop of white clover honey
in this locality, and the honey season is over."

(r=z

v

Sonic (Sxpcrt
(Dpinion

^

J

More Honey from Colony and One

Swarm, or from Colony and

No Swarm ?

Ques. 3K— U7(ii'/i will (jive you more honey,
II roluuy with its one swann, or the same colony
it'itluiiit any awnnningf

Mrs. J. M. Noll (Mo.) — Usually the
former.

G. M. DooLiTTLB (N. Y.)— Without any
swarming.

Morgan Bros. (S. Dak.) — The colony with
its one swarm.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.) — One 3 ear with another,
the nonswarmer.

E, Whitcomb (Nebr.) — A colony without
any swarming, every time.

N. E. France (Wis.)— Big colonies pay
best. For comb honey, " shook " swarms.

Jas. a. Stone (111.) — My experience has
usually been in favor of the one not swarming.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.)— The one that does
not swarm, by a long way. At least in this
locality.

EuoENE Seoor (Iowa) — I can't say posi-
tively, but I prefer the colony that has not
swarmed.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— Conditions be-
ing the same, such as the honey-flow, the col-
ony without any swarming.

R. L. Taylor (Mich.) — I like to have my
bees swarm once, and think I get more honey
that way, besides having an extra colony.

J. M. Hambaigh (Calif.)— A great deal de-
pends. With a prolonged honey-flow of two
or three months, the colony " with its swarm."

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.)— In this locality the
one colony without any swarming. With a
flow sufficiently long the reverse might be the
case.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.) — I can get more
honey from a colony that I do not allow to
swarm. Something depends, perhaps, upon
the season.

J. A. Green (Colo.)— I have not been in
this Slate long enough to feel sure. In Illi-
nois, the one that did not swarm, other things
being equal.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.)— It depends. I
think usually it is wisest to permit one
swarm when the bees so desire. I would
always stop with the one.

Arthur C. Miller (R. I.)— It depends up-
on the man, and upon the time of swarm aad
honey-flow. Tsually the non-swarming col-
ony is the more profitable.

S. T. Pettit (Ont.)— Where the flow is
short and sharp, without swarming will give
most. Where the flow runs over several
months, the colony with its one swarm will
win.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— The colony if it does
not swarm, unless the crop happens to come
six weeks ^r two months after swarming,
when two colonies would, of course, do better
than one.

P. H. Elwoou (N. Y.) — With us the colony
without swarming. Where there is a later
honey-flow, /. «., where the late honey-flow
can be counted on, undoubtedly the two
would give more.

E. D. TownseND (Mich.)— I take the ques-
tion to mean surplus honey after the one or
two colonies are allowed their regular amount
for winter stores. With our Kalkaska bees,
where the seuson opens early in June, and
lasts durint: live weeks, usually, with no later
flow, the colony without any swarming. Here

536

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 1905

in Mecosto County, where the early How is
about the same, followed with a buckwheat
and aster flow, the difference is not as great.
Still, I think even here the colony without
any swarm.

C. H. DiBBERN (111.)— I would get more
section honey, or extracted honey, as surplus
from the colony that did not swarm. If the
total amount gathered is meant, I will have
to admit, o la Dr. Miller, " don't linow."

Wm. McEvot (Ont.)— Where the season is
slwrl, and ends when the colony is done, then
the colony without any swarming. In locali-
ties where the season is long, and much buck-
wheat is grown, then from the colony with
its one swarm.

O. O. PoppLETON (Fla,)— If the honey-flow
occurs early in the season, and is short and
heavy, the one colony will probably give most
honey ; but if the flow comes late, or is long-
drawn-out in time, the 2 colonies will prob-
ably do best.

G. W. Demaree (Ky.)— It depends upon
the length of the summer honey season, and
the time the prime swarm issues. It the
swarm issues at the right lime the parent
colony and its issue — if properly managed —
will beat any non-swarming colony.

E. S. LovEST (Utah)— This is rather a hard
question to answer. It the colony is weak it
will not do much in either case, but with a
strong colony, as a rule, it would swarm un-
less it was divided. Personally, I could pro-
duce more honey by the latter method.

C. Davenport (Minn.)— This depends upon
a number of things or conditions, as, for in-
stance, length of flow, what time they swarm,
and how the swarm and the parent colony are
handled. I can " swarm " any colony arti-
ficially so as to get more honey, either comb
or extracted, than if they swarmed naturally,
or did not swarm.

_ E. E. Hasty (Ohio)— Sometimes and some-
times— very often one way and very often the
other. With the early harvest a semi-failure,

and a good, late yield, the two would do much
the better. With those two condiiiuns put
vlre versa, the one would do much the better.
Probably the last state of things is rather iho
more common of the two.

L. Stachelhausen (Tex.) — In this locality
in some years a colony with its one swarm
gives nearly twice as much honey as the same
colony without swarming. In dry years, with
an early honey-flow, a colony without swarm-
ing may gather quite an amount of honey. If
the i-ame colony had swarmed during this
honey-flow we would get no hooey crop at all.

Honey Circular for Shipping-Cases

The Honey-Producers' League has prepared,
and succeeded in getting some of the leading
bee-supply manufacturers to send out with
their shipping-cases, a guarantee comb honey
circular, intended to aid in dispelling the be-
lief that comb honey is ever machine-made.
Bee-keepers all know it is never so made, but
on account of the general impression that it
is, the League thought it would try to pass
the truth along through the honey-dealers.

We trust that every bee-keeper who re-
ceives shipping-cases with the circulars will
be sure to put one in every case just under
the lid, so that whoever opens it will be com-
pelled to sell it.

The G. B. Lewis Co. are putting the circu-
lars in sealed envelops with printed directions
on the outside, then including them with
their shipping-cases in the flat.

Should any of our readers desire a supply
of these guarantee comb honey circulars, we
can furnish them, postpaid, at 10 cents per 50.

That our readers may see just how the comb
honey circular reads, we give it below.

"Conxbcb" attb
"(fxtractcb"

DRY WEATHER AND COLOR OF HONEY.

I do not believe that dry weather aiTects
the color of honey, except that in non-irri-
gated countries it is apt to lessen the yield,
so that bees, in their search for honey, work
on plants that ordinarily they would leave
alone. The honey thus secured is apt to be
darker and poorer in quality than what they
get from ordinary sources. In the irrigated
districts of Colorado and Utah, where alfalfa
is grown, the air is extremely dry, though the
ground may be well watered. When alfalfa
honey is secured free from any admixture, it
is water-white in color, and I have never
"seen anytliing to indicate that the weather had
anything to do with the color. In this valley,
though, it is but seldom that alfalfa honey
is secured alone. -An average of my honey,
even excluding the fall honey, which is dis-
tinctly darker in color, is of a_ light golden
tinge. — J. A. GrEE.x. in Gleaningi,

banner honey county of new YORK.

Tompkins Co., so I understand, has the
lionor of being the banner honey county of
New York. Its output was over 230,000
[pounds, or, figured in cars, it would be be-
tween seven and eight. When it is remem-
Ijered that that county is only about 30 miles
across it either way. these figures are somewhat
remarkable; but perhaps it will be better un-
derstood when it is known tliat the largest
bee-keeper in the world, probably, at the pres-
ent time, Mr. W. L. Coggshall, has some-
thing over 20 apiaries within its Ijorders.
There are other counties in the United States
that will show a larger output of honey, but
these counties are as large as some whole
States in the East. I refer to Los Angeles,
San Bernardino, and San Diego, in California.
-\11 these central counties in New York yield
immense amounts of honey. The territory is
already overstocked, and it would be useless
for an outsider to try to squeeze in. — Glean-
ings.

To the Purchasers of this Honey

The producer of this Comb Honey, and also the under-
signed, guarantee that the product in these sections or
small frames was all made by honey-bees.

There is no such thing as manufactured comb honey. It
never was made, and never can be, newspaper and maga-
zine articles to the contrary. If any one says there is such
a thing as manufactured comb honey on the market, just tell
that person that the National Bee-Keepers' Association, an
organization of over 2000 members, through its General
Manager, N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis., will pay $1000
for proof of such machine-made combs filled with glucose
or any other cheap syrup, and capped over by means of
machinery without the aid of bees. Also, a corporation capi-
talized at $300,000, all paid in, has had for many years a
standing offer of a like sum for the same so-called manu-
factured comb honey as described, and the offer is still good.
In addition to this, the bee-expert, a life-long bee-keeper,
now in the employ of the Department of Agriculture at
Washington, has repeatedly, in government bulletins and
in public addresses, denied the existence of any such prod-
uct. For evidence of this fact, refer to the report of the
Secretary of Agriculture for 1904, page 83 ; also to Farmers'
Bulletin No. 59, for 1905, pages 32 and 34, also issued by the
Department of Agriculture, entitled "Bee-Keeping," by
Frank Benton.

It may be well to state that the basis for these comb-
honey canards is possibly due to the fact that the flavor of
honey in one locality may be very different from that of
another ; that when one tastes of a honey quite different in
color and flavor from that which he used to eat on the old
farm, he concludes it is adulterated or manufactured, espe-
cially if it be of poor quality. As a matter of fact, the comb

honey from California is just as different from the same
article produced in the Central and Eastern States as the
fruits of that State are different from those in New Eng-
land. In the same way, the honey from Texas differs very
widely from that produced in Ohio, or honey from Florida
from that in Texas. Some honeys, like that from buck-
wheat, are very dark ; others are not only dark but ill-
flavored, and should never be sent to market, but be sold to
the baker or fed back to the bees for rearing young bees.

Two-thirds of the States in the Union have pure-food
laws ; and one may rest assured that, in all the States
where such laws are in force, both honey in the comb and
in the liquid condition, generally called " extracted," is and
must be the genuine product of the hive.

The oft-repeated misstatements about adulterated honey
and manufactured comb honey in the newspapers and maga-
zines has made it necessary for The Honey-Producers'
League to put out this statement, for the reason that the
general public has come to believe that a large part of the
honey on the market is adulterated or manufactured. If
the dealer will join with the bee-keepers in helping to cor-
rect these monstrous lies, it will materially increase his
sales of both comb and liquid honey.

The Honey Producers' League

GEORGE W. YORK, Manager

CHICAGO, ILL.

Dr. C. C. Miller, President, Marengo, 111.
Geo. C. Lewis, Vice-President, Watertown, Wis.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretary, Flint, Mich.
A. L. BoYDBN, Treasurer, Medina, Ohio.

N. B. — Do not store comb honey in a refrigerator, cold
storage, or cellar. These are the very worst places you can
put it. It should always be kept in the warmest and dryest
room you have. It is advisable to keep liquid or extracted
honey in the same warm, dry place.

Aug. 3. 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

337

^ (£ontrtbutcb ^-
Special Clrticles

=\

J

Comb Honey in the Home Market

BY "ILLINOIS"

Twenty-five years ago a man with 10 colonies of bees,
kept in the old-fashioned way, could supply our little
town with honey ; now we need about a ton to each
thousand people to supply the home market.

Then honey was sold by the pound, and in a small way ;
now we sell to consumers by the case, and it bee-keepers in
their home markets would put up their comb honey in small
cases of not more than 10 or 12 pounds each, and quote and
sell it that way, their market would be improved.

We have told people all about honey as a medicine, and so
the general public buys honey about as freely as bee-keepers
buy pills.

Sell a woman a section of honey and tell her how good it
is for the croup, mixed with lemon-juice, and she is likely to
put it away somewhere until the baby has the croup, and by
that time the honey may be in a condition either to kill or
cure — to kill the baby, or cure it of its love of honey for good
and all.

What we want is, people to use honey as an article of
food, so sell to them by the case, and they will eat it by the
case, and want more.

Put the retail price per case so that you can sell to
grocerymen at market rates, and so that they can make a fair
profit if they sell by the case, and a larger one when they sell
by the section, and let them supply the demand for less than
a case. You and your grocer will then be good friends, and
can work together.

It is an advantage to put your name on your honey in
'your home market, and also use a stamp with " Keep Comb
Honey Where it Will Be Dry and Warm," or something to
that effect.

One thing I must say, and that is, that people become
educated in regard to the quality of honey very fast, and so
first, last, and all the time, quality must not be lost sight of.
Keep all unfinished, leaky and broken sections out ; and don't
try to convince people that what they don't like is all right.

Good salesmen, and much talk, will not sell poor and off
grades of honey a second time ; and if I and my location can
not produce honey that will sell itself the second time, I would
better quit, for I will have to do so iu the end.

My experience in city markets is small, and I know that
ignorance in regard to honey prevails, yet it would seem as
If methods which are successful among a few thousand people
ought to be so among many, and I fully believe that what wi^
most need is men who will get honey of the right quality to
the eaters of it, in a clean and attractive condition, and then
The Honey-Producers' League, which is a long step in the
right direction, and other means of education, can do the rest.

I sometimes wonder if a " Honey- Eaters' League" should
not be organized to educate a large proportion of our bee-
keepers ill the handling and care of their bees and honey.

The marketing of extracted honey is quite different from
that of comb, but the same principles apply to both — small
quantities used as a luxury, large quantities as food.

Selling and Shipping Honey

BY F. GREINER

If every lover of honey had a fair opportunity to obtain
all he wanted at a reasonable price it would not be necessary
to hold over a part of our crop. We bee-keepers do not
reach consumers — there lies the trouble. We must aim to
distribute the honey we produce over a larger territory, c-ac//
one of us.

If we find it necessary to place our crop in the hands of
commission men, it is not advisable to ship it all to one firm.
It may work all right, and it may not. The practice is.alto-
gether too hazardous. One friend writes me from a neighbor-
ing county, saying he saw my honey at a certain house in Ilos-
ton, and went home and shipped his 7000 pounds to the same
firm last fall to be sold on commission, but it seems he has not
yet received his money for it ; the honey is not yet sold.

Another friend in my own town shipped the larger por-
tion of his crop — all the white honey — to the same firm, and
has not yet had his pay. My own honey was sold to the firm
before it went, at a fair price. The honey the two friends
shipped would have netted more than what I had received,
had it been sold at that time. But it seems to me the firm
could not handle so large an amount of honey, and made no
effort to find an outlet somewhere else. They allowed the
time when it might have been sold at a good price to pass by,
and now it is on their hands and the producers have no money
to use. The chances are they will have to wait till next fall,
and then take a small price.

It always has seemed to me a poor policy to ship a large
quantity of honey to one firm at one time, when it is to be
handled on commission. I have always sent small lots — not
over 400 or 500 pounds at one shipment. When that was sold
I shipped more. I also tried different markets. In this way
I received some cash right away, and I selected those mar-
kets for further consignments which gave me the quickest re-
turns and best net prices. I never have been caught with
comb honey on my hands when winter came on, following the
plan as outlined.

I want to sell for cash if possible, but I am never at a loss
to know what to do with my honey if the cash buyer does not
come around.

The firm to whom my two friends shipped their honey is
all right. I have dealt with them for years, sold to them a
number of times, but last fall they had too much on their
hands, and should have so informed their shippers.

HOW BEE-KEEPERS OBTAIN LOW FREIGHT RATES BY COMBIN-
ING WITH FRUIT GROWERS IN NEW Y'ORK STATE.

The fruit-growers of this vicinity formed an association
some years ago, having for its objects obtaining low rates from
the railroad companies, and to oversee the shipping of the
fruit, particularly grapes. The association hires a man to see
to the loading, and another one is sent to Boston, where all
the fruit is sent, to oversee the unloading. A great many
dollars have thus been saved to the fruit-men yearly.

While originally the association was formed for the benefit
of fruit-growers, concessions have been made to peach, plum
and even apple growers. I have also shipped butter, eggs,
chestnuts and honey in the same cars with the grapes without
objections being raised by the railroads. The rate on all
these products to Boston is but 35 cents per 1000 pounds,
which I consider a low rate. The transit is quick and safe.
Our own men and we ourselves handle the products. There
is seldom any smashing. When our honey can be corded

METHOD OF PACKING COMB HONEY FOR SHIPPING.

right in with the grapes (the grapes being in five-pound
baskets) no bettor way can be devised ; but I aim always to
get my honey into the center of the car, the grape baskets
thus forming a cushion on each end.

When honey must be shipped by way freight in small lots,
to insure safety it should be put up in specially constructed
crates, as shown in the picture lierewlth. They may be con-
structed on a different plan, Ijul this, it seems to me, is the
simplest. It is doubtful that auy straw put under the honey,
as is recommended, increases the safety or is a further guar-
antee against breakage. Ontario Co., N. Y.

538

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAi

Aug 3. 9?S

Honey Results Not All in Management

BY DR. C. C. MILLER

I have read with much interest the article by ray good
friend, G. M Doolittls, page 453. .lust a little bit hard not
to feel envious because he can do 30 pounds better with a
colony than I can, but I've concluded to be good and congrat-
ulate him. I want, lowever, to warn beginners not to con-
clude too hastily that the difference in the plan of manage-
ment is solely responsible for the difference in yields.

Remember, I'm not discussing the point as to which man-
agement is better. I'm only saying that Mr. Doolittle's
greater yield does not />roz/« that he has the better plan. A
number of things might play a part. With the same manage-
ment, Mr. Dooiittle might be more skilled and more careful in
carrying out details. He might have hetter bees. He might
have a better season : for seasons differ, and it may be that
next year 1 shall have a better season than I've ever had be-
fore. (But I'm hardly expecting it.)

There's another item that probably makes more difference
than all other things combined. Mr. Dooiittle got one colony
to store 66 pounds in three days. I can't do that. I never
did it. I don't expect ever to do it. 1 haven't the basswood
trees. I haven't some of the other things Mr. Dooiittle has.
I am in what is called a poor honey region, with white clover
as the only source of surplus, although of late years cucum-
bers or something else seem to help out in the fall. So far as
I know, Mr. Dooiittle has as much white clover as I, but I
think the greater part of his surplus comes from other things,
basswood looming up as the greatest producer. Without bass-
wood I don't think he could get 22 pounds a day. I think
that's at least 12 pounds a day more than any colony ever
stored for me, or could store from white clover.

It may do no harm to dream a little about what I might
do if I could turn my bees loose on Mr. Doolittle's pasturage
during the basswood harvest. It would be Lardly reasonable
to count on 12 pounds a day extra throughout the basswoiid
season, but I suspect that if the bees of that best colony of
mine had had the chance upon that basswood that gave Mr.
Dooiittle 22 pounds a day, they would not have ruptured any
blood-vessels in storing 6 pounds a day more than they could
on clover. If they had done that for a week it would have
made a difference of 42 pounds, distancing Mr. Doolittle's best
by 12 pounds.

Aside from advising beginners not to draw hasty conclu-
sions, a moral of the lesson is not to be too hasty about set-
tling in a place of poor pasturage, especially not to settle in a
place with only one honey-plant for surplus, where the bot-
tom falls out a good many years because of the failure of that
one plant.

Most likely some one would like to ask why I settled in
such a place. I didn't know any better. For years bee-
keeping was an avocation, and by the time I decided to make
it a vocation so many ties had bound me to the place that I
couldn't break loose. Even now I sometimes dream that if
an earthquake or something else should tear me loose from
this " locality,"' so I could be free to form new ties elsewhere,
I should begin to look for a bee-keeper's paradise just as soon
as I could wipe away the tears enough to see clearly where I
was alighting. McHenry Co., III.

0

The Honey-Producers' League and Section
Honey

DV DU. G. BOHREK

On page 596 of Gleanings, Mr. Virgil Weaver states a truth
which, in my opinion, should not be overlooked or ignored
by The Honey-Producers' League. He says, "The sec-
tion has done more harm to the comb honey market than all
other agencies combined." He claims that the comb-honey
lie was caused by section honey. I do not know just how
nearly correct this statement is, but I do know that all who
believe the artificial-honey and artiticial-comb falsehood in-
variably point to the section as the chief support of their
position.

If this embraced all the harm the section has done, we
might hope that, in time, the masses would learn that there
never was, in all time past, is not now, and probably never
will be, such a thing as artificial comb honey. But the so-
called pound sections, which seldom ever contain a pound of
honey, cause many persons to let them severely alone, for
the reason, as they very truthfully say, they do not weigh a
pound, but are sold at pound prices, and that they do not pro.

pose to pay for a pound and accept from 1 to 4 ounces less
than a pound.

If the section were consigned to eternal infamy, and
comb honey in shallow-super frames substituted, and sold
strictly by weight, very much more honey in the comb would
meet with ready sale than is sold as matters are now.

I have made it a rule to sell section honey by the pound,
and get 14 cents per pound for it, and I sell comb honey
stored in shallow super or extracting frames at the same
price, the honey being cut out of the frames, which makes of
it what is known as '-chunk honey." In this shape I am free
to admit that it is shorii of much " cosmetic ornament," which
is all that the section does for honey, by keeping the cell-cap-
pings intact, as a rule, so that the honey does not escape from
the cells and run over tlie comb surface and muss the section
or shipping package. That is, in case the shipping package is
not so roughly handled while in transit as to break the honey-
combs. In such an event the dealer can not stand the loss,
and must sell what does reach him in safety at a higher price,
in order to save himself. Thus it will be seen that the con-
sumer pays dearly for the useless ornament furnished by the
section.

I suggest that The Honey-Producers' I^eague advertise the
so-called pound section as not a pound, and urge both honey-
producer and honey-dealer to sell section houey by actual
weight, and not by the piece and under the name of a pound
at pound prices, when it is not a pound by perhaps several
ounces.

In a brief period of time the masses will let the section
honey severely alone, for they will soon learn it to be an ex-
pensive luxury, and will call it " dude houey," leaving out the
term " pound section."

I am fully aware of the fact that it is claimed by our bee-
papers that there is no such thing as a measurement for an
exact pound section, which is true, but the term "pound"
sticks to the section tighter than propolis, and serves the pur-
pose of causing the public very largely to denounce it as a
deception and a fraud. Lighter sales of honey are the natural
and legitimate result. Most of the counters of our honey-
dealers bear computing scales. Let tiiem ' uy and sell honey
by weight. If they refuse, let The Honey-Producers' League
not only advertise to do so, but actually buy and sell by
weight, and other dealers will be glad to follow suit.

In addition to this, advertise extensively the fact that
bee-comb or beeswax is not at all digestible, and that in the
extracted form honey is the most wholesome as food.

Also, labor incessantly for a national pure food law which
will impose a severe penalty for adulterating honey with glu-
cose, keep on nailing the artificial comb honey lie, and edu-
cate the masses to the extent of knowing that comb honey has
never been manufactured by man. Rice Co., Kans.

Selling Honey in the Home Market

EV J. -M. HOBBS

I will explain how I dispose of my honey in the home
market. I sell nothing but comb honey, and have sold all
I could produce for the last 14 years right in this city and
vicinity. I get 12J4 to 15 cents a pound, or a section.

I sell about 1,300 pounds or sections a year, and it is all
sold by Dec. 1st. When the last pound is sold I have re-
ceived the cash for every pound sold, each year, so far, and
we keep some 150 to 200 colonies right in the city.

This is how I have done it: In the first place, I don't
use any separators in the supers. I use the standard sec-
tions, which will weigh a pound, and I always make them
clean and attractive. I never sell a case of honey that does
not weigh '24 pounds net. My customers know this, and they
ki.ow that they get from 4 to C pounds more from me than
they do from those who use separators ; and they know that
no other man in this state sells a better grade of honey in
the comb. They also know that I always give 16 ounces, or
more, to the section, and that when they buy of those who
use senarators they seldom get over 14 ounces for a pound.

The most of the bee-keepers who use separators do not
use them always for the reason they say, that is, to make
the honey of a uniform appearance, but. as I have said be-
fore, it saves them 4 to 6 pounds to the case. Those who use
separators for short weights also want as many supers as
they can get in one season, therefore they cannot see a super
remain on the hive a moment after it is capned. They want
it off so another can be put on.

My customers have learned that unless honey is left on

Aug. 3, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

539

the bees until well ripened it is little better than sweetened
water and will never be good honey no matter how white
and fine it may look. This fad about looks does not deceive
them into buying short weights and an inferior quality.

I always have been honest with my customers on all of
these points, and they know it. They can tell my honey any-
where they see it, as my name is on every section and once
I get a customer he gets for me his neighbor, and I sell most
of thv'ui one-half case or 12 pounds at a time.

I also make light cases that- hold 13 sections, and de-
liver the honey in them. The customer leaves the lioney
in them until spring, or till the honey is used up. I have
a book -in which I keep the names of the customers where I
left the cases. I renuest them to save the cases for me,
and 1 go around in the spring and gather them up.

Once you get a customer in this way, and deal honestly,
you will train others without any soliciting. This has been
my experience, and I cannot supply my present demands.
last season I made 12 pounds a wdiolesale rate, and less 15
cents a pound.

To set a customer, and instead of losing him the next
season have him come and bring one or two more with
him, is the way to sell your honey in the home market. If
one is honest this will work nicely, but if you must use
separators in supers, you will have to order sections large
enough to hold 16 ounces to the pound, for the 14-ounce
pound is as dishonest as the grocer's 3-quart gallon of molas-
ses, or 12-ounce sugar done up in a nice, little, dainty pack-
age, as M. A. Gill says on page 213.

The way to dispose of anything is to make it attractive,
but in doing so do not use deception assisted by dishonesty.
C ic can use care without dishonesty. One can put up a full
pound as tastily as he can a 12-ounce pound, or a full quart
can of honey as showy as one that is a little less.

If any one will follow out what I have said, and does
not dispose of his honey in his home market it will be be-
cause he has a good deal more honey to sell than I do, or
has less customers to supply. But once you get the confi-
dence of the public for honest dealing, the rest is easy. Your
last sale is always good seed .sown.

Yankton Co., S. Dak.

Honey Education for the Public

BY C. A. ST.^RK

The widespread belief in the adulteration of comb honey
is, to my mind, the cause of the low price and small demand
for it.

To illustrate : I live in a small village and have an
aoiary. There are two groceries here that handle section
honey bought from commission men in the city, yet in this
small place I have never been able to supply the demand for
mv honey at 5 cents per pound advance over prices at grocers.
Even tlic grocer pays me, when I let him have honey, my
regular retail price in order to be able to furnish pure bees'
honey to his best customers.

Last fall one of these grocers sent to my house to know
if I had honey to sell. I sent word that I had sold all I
cared to sell, wanting what I had left for family use. He
sent back to say that his little son was sick, and wanted
honey. Couldn't I spare him a pound? Of course that ap-
peal could not be denied, so selecting a choice section of
honey I carried it down to the store myself.

Almost the first thing that attracted my attention on
entering the store was a case of fine looking honey. I was
astonished; thought that perhaps there was some mistake.
But on accepting the honey he remarked that he was par-
ticular what liis children ate, and that the honey in the
case was from the city, and for all he knew was made there
in some factory ! Right there I did some missionary work
along the line of comb honey.

I have had persons try to buy honey of me right in
those stores where nice section honey was on sale, and not
retting it of me they would walk out without buying, because
they doubted its being pure bees' honey.

Another time, one grocer bought a small stock of ex-
tracted honey put up in quart Mason fruit-jars. After keep-
ing it until he was tired of looking at it he closed it out
at 20 cents per jar — good honey, too — while I was sellin:^ iny
exti acted at 30 cents per quart, the customer furnishing his
own jar.

The remedy for this condition, I think, is in publicity.
Educate people to know pure honey by sight, in case of cnmb

honey, and by taste in extracted. Carry samples. Show them
that no two sections are exactly alike, while they would be
exactly alike if made by machinery.

In selling extracted, if possible secure a sample in the
original package, of the glucose mixture sold for honey.
Compare it with your own pure honey. Let customers sam-
ple it. You will not find it difficult to sell your honey, I
think.

It has been my experience that the only thing necessary
to make sales is to convince your prospective customers that
you have pure honey of fine quality, and of course that is
ithe only kind you should ever attempt to sell for table use,
if you care to continue in the business.

Putnam Co., 111.

Keeping Comb Honey in Good Condition

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

A subscriber to the American Bee Journal wishes me to
tell how to keep honey when off from the hive so it will
be as good when he gets ready to market it, as it was when
he took it frotu the hive. He says that his honey almost
alv/ays sweats and in some cases becomes nearly "sour be-
fore he is able to prepare it for shipping to market. This
being especially the case when the season happens to be
damp and rainy after he takes it off.

It is barely possible that the correspondent removes his
honey from the hives before it is fully sealed. This should
never be done, unless it is at the close of the white honey
harvest, so that the dark honey shall not be mixed with the
white, or at the end of the season in the fall, when, of
course, we are compelled to take off all sections.

Fully capped honey is not as likely to become watery
and sour as is that which is unsealed, and as unsealed honey
in any part of the section makes that section more or less
unsalable, it is always best, if possible, to leave all sections
on the hive until they are fully sealed.

But I mistrust the trouble with the honey has been in
its being kept in a room not sufficiently warm, or lacking in
ventilation. Any room, or article in such room, will draw
or take on moisture rapidly if allowed to become much cooler
than the surrounding air at any time, and this room might
have been colder than the surrounding rooms, hence attracted
moisture to it. If the room had been well ventilated it would
have helped much ; and had it lieen thus, couoled with suitable
warmth, I cannot see what hindered the honey from evaporat-
ii." u.id keenino- all right. I have found that a high tempera-
ture in a room is of very little service if said room is so ti.ght
and close that no draft of air can carry off the moisture.
Consequently honey should not only be kept in a dry, warm
room, but there should lie enough ventilation in and about
the room to carry off all moisture which evaporates from the
honey : and the larger the pile of honey stored in any room
the greater should be the draft or ventilation. Where such
a room can be had, even honey that has begun to sweat can
be brought back to fairlv good honey again ; but honey that
has been kept in a poor room until it has begun to sour can
hardly be luade salable again ; for honey which has once
soured will never become fit to put on the market, and no
one who cares anything for his renutation or the good of the
market will ever do such a thing.

The warm, dry, airy room will help much to thicken even
the worst sweating, souring lioney, but it will never bring
back its original flavor. I have even returned such honey to
the bees, and let them try their hand at making it market-
able again: and while they will dry and clean it up even if
they have to remove it from the cells and redeposit it again,
still it is an unpleasant job all the way around, and at best
the honey never looks as nice as when first removed from
the hive, and in taste it is very far from good honev from
the kind of flowers from which it was gathered.

The best thing that can be done with any honey which
has soured is either to extract it and keep it for feeding
purposes, after scalding it, or cooking till sufficiently thick-
ened, allowin,'' the liees to clean out the combs ; or feed the
honey to strong colonies ri'.-'t from the combs, when in
either case the combs can In i>reserved for bait-sections the
next season after the bees h.i\e thoroughly cleaned them.

Then it is not well to si' ire any comb honey directly on
the floor, for where so stor^ .1 the air cannot go under the
bottom of the pile, and tlin •ut^h lack of circulation of air
under the bottom, honey w;'I become watery in the most dry
and well-ventilated room at the bottom-back side of the pile.

540

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 1905

Some kind of a platform should be fixed on which to pile the
honey, and this platform should be made of open-work so
that the honey resting on it can not only have a current
of air going up through it, but all about the bottom of the
pile.

When I first commenced keeping bees, I stored my comb
honey in a room on the north side of the house, and piled
it directly on the floor, thinking I was doing the proper
thing, as the most of those having bees near here stored their
honey in the cellar at that time. But when I came to casing
that honey I found that the honey next the wall of the room
and the floor had soured and the honey was bursting from
the cells, while that higher up in the room, and out from
the wall, was still in good shape, as was considered at that
time. I took the hint at once, and the very next year found
me with a temporary platform fixed of slats, spread apart
enough so that the edges of the sections would just catch on
them, the platform being raised up a foot from the floor.
When another tier of sections was to go on top, strips were
placed between, and so on clear to the top of the pile, and
in this way there was no hindrance to the air from circulat-
ing all round the sections from below, from above, and from
between, and around the wood holding the honey. I now had
the problem solved, and the same has proven good for more
than a score of years.

All these things are little matters, but the whole of such
little matters apnlicable to every nhase or part of bee-keeping
life, when put together to make one great whole, makes all
the difference between success and failure in our beloved
pursuit, according as we understand and use them.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Re-queening Colonies During the Summer

BV C. P. DADANT

The re-queening of colonies, or replacing of queens by
younger ones has been much discussed. Some of our large
producers have advocated the replacing of queens every two
years. One of our Western leading bee-keepers has even
advised and practiced re-queening, that is, removing the
queen to compel the bees to rear another, and thus making
an interruption in the breeding. When this method was
recommended, I wondered whether it was possible to follow
such a method and succeed. My view is that the bees need
their queen at all seasons. It is true that they need her less
in the summer, after the crop is over, than in the Spring
before the crop begins, but the depletion of bees by colonies
in the summer is so prompt that there is need of constant
refilling of the ranks by new additions, though they need
not be so numerous. So I felt that this was a move in tlie
wrong direction.

Later, I had occasion to meet the person in question and
to inquire as to the success of his idea, and he. acknowledged
'that it was not satisfactory, though in his opinion this lack
of success was due to the conditions of the crop and dates
of the harvest of honey. But I doubt very much if any con-
ditions can be found that will justify a killing of queens to
compel the bees to rear others, thereby losing some 20 odd
days of breeding. In addition to this loss there is also a
risk of the loss of some of the young queens. In fact we can
safely calculate on losing about 10 percent, that will either
be lost in their wedding-flight or that will prove worthless.
To eliminate good queens that may prove still good for an-
other year, and run the risk of having a part of them, at
least, replaced by worthless ones, is a mistake.

It is also a mistake to re-queen hives that have good,
nrolific queens, just because they are two years old. If the
bees did not usually change their queen by rearing another
as soon as they notice that she is failing in her laying, there
would be good excuse fr)r such an action, but there is no
doubt that the bees do change their queens whenever they
lessen their breeding, and it is only in exceptional cases that
a colony allows itself to run down because its queen has en-
tirely lost her fecundity. Those who clip their queens' wings
have noticed how often these queens are replaced without the
knowledge of the apiarist. If this were not the case, an
apiary in which no nnecns were replaced artificially would
soon dwindle down to nothing.

But it is advisable and even necessary to replace queens
when there are evident signs of lack of prolificness. In my
experience, extending over nearly 40 years, with several
apiaries, I have noticed that the bees are less likely to replace
a queen that is only of very moderate prolificness, but whose

capacity is unchanged ; that is, a queen that from the first has
been of but little value, than to change a queen which has
been all her life vigorous and begins to fail. Our attention
must therefore be directed to the naturally inferior queens — •
to those colonies that have given but little crop. It matters
but little whether the queen looks bright, if she has not
filled her combs with eggs she should lie condemned, and
looks should not be considered. Not only must those queens
be changed, but the bees must not be allowed to rear others
of the same blood. Too often our bee-keepers have paid at-
tention to the looks of the bees rather than to their work-
ing qualities. That is why so many of our bright Italians
are sluggish and slow, though beautiful to look at.

The months of August and September are good months
in which to change queens, because queens are plentiful and
cheap at that time. We have also been able to discover the
poorest and the best colonies.

Those who have produced neither honey nor swarms
can probably be made to give a good harvest the following
year by changing the queen.

If we expect to rear our queens ourselves, we must be
sure and have the queen-cells from the most prolific, and at
the same time the gentlest colonies in the apiary, if these
two qualities can be found united in the same colony. If
we breed from the best honey-producers we will be sure to
make no mistakes. But let the queens be reared and lay-
ing before we attempt to change our breeders. Better have
a queen of mediocre value in a hive than an interrogation
point.

As a matter of course if we buy we must know the man
of whom we buy our queens, and we must get young queens
from an apiary where foul-brood is unknown, for there is
but little doubt that this disease may be transmitted by the
queens, though it is probably only in exceptional cases.
Honey, being used in the larval food is much more likely
to spread the contagion than any other thing. But there is
too much danger in foul-brood for us to risk anything from
a foul-broody apiary. There are plenty of good, reliable
breeders, and the business of queen-rearing has become so
much of a specialty that it is hardly worth our while to
rear queens. I never realized the truth of this as vividly
as I did when at the St. Louis Convention. Mr. Gill, of
Colorado, one of the most practical honey-producers in the
United States, said that it did not pay him to rear his
queens; that he preferred buying them, although he needs
several hundred every year. Scientific queen-rearing re-
quires a special outfit, and daily care, and is better conducted
as a specialty.

Let us bear in mind that the best time to introduce a
queen is during a flow of honey : that robbing is the greatest
incentive to the killing of strange queens by the bees, and
that after we introduce the queen it is best to let the colony
alone for several days. Queen-introducing is always more
or less risky. Some apiarists will tell you that there is noth-
ing difficult about it. that they have always succeeded. You
can just rest assured that the man who has always succeeded
is the one who has done the least of it. We practiced in-
troducing in former days when we imported some 40 queens
from Italy every season. The best method, in my opinion is
the one now generally used by breeders : Cage the queen
in the hive, just after removing the old one, and let the
bees liberate her by eating their way to her.

Hancock Co.. 111.

#

Brood-Frames and Frame-Spacing

HY C. W. DAYTON

I wish to answer Mr. Lathatn, on page 1.54, that if a
bottom-bar is sawed out IJ^-inches wide, in six months it
will have shrunk to about one inch. A top-bar which is l}i
at first will be 1-lfi less in six months, regardless of how dry
the lumber is when it is sawed.

I use what I call full width bottom-bars. That is, a
bottom-bar the same width as the top-bar, and on account
of shrinkage it makes them finally about 7-16 inch apart when
in use, with 1^-inch spacing. With side-bars no wider than
the top-bar, when any certain frame is to be taken out we can
move the frame on both sides away probalily about '4 i"ch.
though there may be honey along the upper edges of the
combs. This gives somewhat less than one inch "play" when
the bottom-bar comes up past the top-bars.

The ends of the top-bars rest in notches 1% inches wide
in strips of galvanized iron. These are used instead of the

Aug. 3, 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

541

usual tin rabbet — like the spacer in the "St. Joe" hive, put
out by Mr. Abbott, only his notches are twice as deep as those
I use. But I employ another contrivance that makes up
for the difference in depth of the notches. My bottom spacer
is of wire, soldered solidly to a strip of galvanized iron, which
is nailed fast to the bottom-board. This wire projects upward
between tlie bottom-bars V,i inches and is shaped like the
rounded or closed end of a wire hairpin. Quinby advised a
wire spacer, in the appendix of his "Mysteries," published in
1S60, but he fastened it to a strip of wood. Soldered to
iron is better. In fact, by solderinsr it in a permanent posi-
tion is the only way wire can be used at all. But when so
used it becomes the best spacer.

If it were not for these bottom-spacers, the full width
bottom-bars would crush bees when their edges pass one an-
other in the bottom of the hive, but before they come together
by about ],2 inch they are caught between the spacers and
guided into their positions.

On page 38 mention is made of frames which were 10 to
12 inches. Dzierzon favored a hive which was only 10 inches
wide. Langstroth adopted a hive having a 14-inch frame, the
same as \'our present adoption. And he probably never would
have used any other length had not Quinby told him of long
hives being good winterers. Then Mr. L. went to work and
made his liive with frames 24 inches long.

It is pretty certain that Quinby adopted the length of
frame on account of wintering while the deith was all right
for the production of comb honey by side-storage. But for
extracting, so large and deep frames are unwieldy. But
extractors were unknown at that time. If I am not mistaken,
the British Association adopted the 14-inch frame as the
standard. Cowan and Clieshire both use the 14-inch length.
And Mr. Root also used and preferred the 14-inch length ;
so all evidence eoes to show that that was the best length

As to those closed ends I have no love for them. It seems
to be a cheap way of providing an outer casing, Americans
are getting to keeping bees entirely too cheaply. I expect
they would have their colonies camp out under a little piece
of canvas if they could get the honey that way. If one bee
gets smashed between two side-bars their purpose is spoiled.
Bee-glue will begin to accumulate so as to need scraping
every time they are handled — a la Hyde. I haven't scraped a
frame in 20 years.

Gallup's plan of an outer protection was to make the
suoer or cover 12 inches deep. Then tack the strip which the
cover rested upon, and which extended all around the brood
chambers iome S inches below the upper edge of the brood
hive, so as to telescope. Then put a good chaff cushion in
the cover over the bees. I saw these in his apiary at Osage,
Iowa, in 1S81. I would think a colony would be about as cozy
in that fix as in the old straw hive.

MARKET CHANGING FROM COMB TO EXTRACTED.

I find it easy to shape a market according to what can be
produced for it. When I came to Southeast Los Angeles,
ten years a^o, all the stores were selling comb honey and no
extracted. Now since we have been pounding away in the same
spot and manner with extracted honey, there is not one case
of comb honey sold there in a year. And the five stores tliere
know better than to get any comb honey in stock. They all
have a good trade on extracted. A pound of comb honey could
not be found within three miles of Florence. Yet in all other
stores about the city comb honey takes the lead. Now, wliile
a hive arranged for the production of extracted honey costs
about the same as for comb honev. I think a hive built for
the production of extracted especially, can be run with oue-
diird the labor. Los Angeles Co., Cal.

Our Country's Undeveloped Apiarian
Resources

BY PROF. A. J. COOK

I have 'ust made the entire transit of our great country
2"d I have been greatly impressed with the apparent niag-
nitrU' of unused bee-forage. I made a brief stop on the
Sac-.amento river, and while there visited my friend, Thonias
W. Stevenson, who today owns an apiary which as he in-
forms me rarely fails to give a crop, in precisely the same
locality that his father used for bees years ago. Indeed I
bought honev from his father from this same apiary ov.r 40
years ago.

The reason that Mr. Stevenson is so uniformly success-
ful is not far to seek. He runs a large and successful d iry.

and owns great fields of alfalfa. Indeed, he is in one of the
best alfalfa regions of the Coast. Here, as in the San Joaquin
Valley, unlike the alfalfa bloom of Los Angeles County, the
alfalfa flowers secrete richly of nectar.

While in this region, I visited the Lisbon Reclamation
Tract, on the Yolo side of the river. It was never my
pleasure to look upon finer fields of alfalfa. Hundreds of
acres of this magnificent plant could be seen at a glance
of the eye, and much bloom was in evidence. Yet there were
very few bees so far as I could see. As the conditions here are
so similar to those on the Stevenson ranch, it seems almost
certain that this would be a good region for the apiarist.

As we came north along the beautiful Shasta Route,
througlv the Sacramento and Klamath Valleys, and thence on
into Oregon and Washington, it came to me over and over
that here, as on the Sacramento, much nectar was going to
waste because no apiarist was there to utilize the ricli floral
resources of the region.

As we came east over the Northern Pacific, through Mon-
tana, North Dakota, and Minnesota, the same condition was
apparent. Surely, we have a wonderful country. The man's
soul must be very dead, indeed, if he does not exclaim
proudly, "This is my own, my native land." Probably the
bee-keeper of no other land has greater reason to boast. Yet
I doubt if we have even more than touched the apiarian
possibilities of our great country.

Since making this trip across our continent, I have asked
one who is in position to know, if there are not successful
honey-producers in all these regions. He answered, "Yes,
but very few of them." This makes me more certain of the
two positions which I take in this article : Excellent bee
territory, very much of which is not occupied.

IMPORTANT WORK FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

The fact of flowers does not necessarily argue a honey
region. The flowers may bloom when bees are few in the
hive, as in case of most fruit-bloom, and thus, while these
are valuable, unless they are supplemented by later flowers,
such regions are worthless for bees.

Again, climatic conditions may stay nectar-secretion. I
have often referred to the fact that while alfalfa is a great
honey-plant in several States and regions, in parts of Cali-
fornia it seems almost worthless for such purpose. For this
reason, it would not be wise to embark in the bee-business
in any of the promising valleys mentioned in the above para-
graph, until an actual trial had proved the regions. This
kind of knowledge is of great general importance, and it
ought not to devolve upon the individual to gain it. What
better work could the Agricultural Division of the Depart-
ment of Entomologj- at Washington do, than to determine
just this point?

Which of the great valleys of the West are really valuable
for bees? Surely such knowledge is most desirable. It is to
be feared that it will be long delayed, greatly to the detri-
ment of our people, if left to individual enterprise. Great
economy could be practiced if the Government should under-
take in scientific fashion to determine these facts.

AGRICULTURAL WORK AT WASHINGTON.

Without doubt all our bee-keepers have read with more
than oassing interest, tlie important article in one of our lead-
ing bee-papers, by Mr. Frank Benton, regarding his trip to
the Orient in search of new varieties or species of bees that w'e
may possibly improve our apieultural possibilities. I have long
thought that such work might well be undertaken, by the
Government, and urged it upon the Department of Agricul-
ture several years ago. Yet I am asked the very pertment
question. Why did not Mr. Benton give the article to all
our bee-papers? He. as an officer of the Government, is
working for the whole people, and surely he. and Dr. How-
ard as well, would be glad to have the work of the Depart-
ment receive the greatest publicity possible. It would have
been very easy for Mr. Benton to have furnished all the
bee-papers with duplicate copies of the article. It is equally
certain that all the papers would have been glad to have
published it. Of course, they are not so eager, if the pub-
lication is of necessity delayta and so seems to indicate a
lack of enterprise on the pan of the editor.

I am sure that this matter has only to be brought to
the attention of Dr. Howard and Mr. Benton to secure the
desired change.

HONEY CROP IX MICHIGAN.

I tliink I have called the attention of our readers to
the fact that the present season has been disappointing to the

542

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3 1905

IjL-e-kcepers in California. The abundant rains gave great
promise, but the exceptional cold of the early part of the
year interfered greatly with success. In the East, the sea-
son has been one of excessive rains — indeed, one of the wet-
test seasons ever known. If I am correct, such a season in
the East is favorable to a generous honey crop. Of cour>e.
if the rains preclude tlie Bight of the bees so that they can-
not work, or if the season is too cold for the secretion of
nectar in the plants, there may be a dearth of honey even in
these wet years.

I think the present season has been wet and cold through-
out the East, and I believe, until quite recently, the weather
has been so cold that the honey promise has been disappoint-
ing. This seems not to have been true in this part of Michi-
gan. At Owosso, where my brother has a large apiary, he
informs me that he has already secured a large amount of
honey, and the bees at the present time (July 19) are gather-
ing very rapidly. I believe it is generally conceded that the
honey crop of Michigan this year will be well to the front.

S.^CE HONEY.

Mr. Milo Smith, one of our readers from California,
writes m€ that in his section, black sage produces much more
honey than does the white sage. I think a good many bee-
keepers in California have ■ the same feeling. I think the
honey from all the sages is so mucli alike that it would
be indistin.guishable. The fact that the black or ball sage
pushes farther up into the canyons would certainly give it a
wider range of bloom. It often blossoms much before the
white, and the flowers continue for a long period. Its lo-
cality is usually also more moist, and thus adds to its cer-
tainty as a honey-producer. I think that very likely the
preference of either plant would be more due to surrounding
conditions than to the plants themselves.

I did not wish to give the impression in my articles that
sage honey is superior to clover, linden or mesquite. The
lionev from all these sources is so excellent that it would
be invidious to make comparisons.

=\

Doctor 2TttUcr's
Qixcstton '- ^ox

J

Putting on Supers— Winter Stores

1. If one should give a super to a colony of bees when
the brood-frames were about half full of brood and honey,
would the bees leave the frames below and work in the
super, or would they fill up below first?

2. If one should take only what lioney is stored In the'
supers at the close of the season, would there be any dan-
ger of taking too much away from them so they would not
have enough to winter on, or would they provide for that
in the frames below before they filled the supers?

Z. Is there any danger of giving a super too soon?

M.\IXK.

AxswEUs. — 1. If strong enough they might work in both
places. If they had only strength enough to work in one
place, it would be below; and in general they prefer to
work as near the brood-nest as possiole.

2. Generally not, but sometimes, especially with a small
hive, there would be danger of a sudden close of the har-
vest with so much of the brood-chamber occupied with
brood that there would not be enough winter stores.

3. Yes, if you should give a super a month before the
harve,st it would be making the bees keep up the heat un-
necessarily in just so much more room.

Cutting Out Queen Cells -Honey Sections vs. Straw-
berry Boxes -Yellow Bees

1. Do you think it is all right to cut out all the queen-
cells in a hive when ilie second swarm goes out? I cur
them all out and hivi^ or catch the second swarm in a
liiving-box. then put them right back.

2. At swarming tin-.;' I have some hives with full-size
combs, and most of Iheni with space of 1/2 inch not attached
to the bottom-bar. Wh. n hiving a swarm I tip the hive

over till they will work up on the top-bar. Has this plan
been tried already?

3. Are there more honey-sections or more strawberry
boxes used? I mean in the United States, on an average,
right through?

4. Which kind of queen do you think is the better? I
have seen some very yellow and some pretty black ones in
my apiary.

5. Do you call the yellow ones Italians?

6. When does basswood blossom here in Marathon Co.,
Wis.?

7. How often is the average time to go through the
hives and cut out queen-cells? Wiscon.six.

Answers. — 1. Yes, that will work all right, providing
you don't miss any cells. If you miss any the swarm will
come out again, but of course you can return it again. The
plan is a good one where you wish to keep up the strength
of the mother colony, but many prefer to have the force
mostly in the swarm, setting the swarm on the old stand,
the mother colony close beside it, then moving the mother
colony to a new place a week later.

2. Yes. many have tried it, and some hives have been
constructed with especial reference to turning somersaults.

3. I don't know. My guess would be that the straw-
berries have the majority.

4. It isn't a matter of color. Some black queens are
better than some yellow ones, and some yellow ones are
better than some black ones. And there will be two youn.g
queens from the same mother, one light and the other
dark, one good as the other.

5. Yes, but Cyprians and others are also yellow.

6. The time varies in different years. This year it was
probably not far from July 1.

7. That depends on the management. The majority of
bee-keepers do not kill cells at all. If you mean to destroy
cells with the object of hindering swarming, it should be
about once in 10 days. But in the maiority of cases that
will not prevent swarming, only defer it for a time.

Itching from Bee-Stings

Is there any danger from bee-stings that cause Intense
itching all over? I got a lot of stings on my right hand the
other day. I ptit my hand into a tub of pond-lilies, bees
and all, and kept it in about a minute, then took it out.
There were lots of stings in my hand, and I pulled them
out. In about 5 minutes I was itching all over. It was
something terrible. I knew that something must be done
right away, so took a big drink of whiskey. In a short
time I was better. I have handled bees for 10 years, and
never had anything like that before. I did not mind one
sting, nor half a dozen. Possibly my blood was poor, but
I am in fine health, all the same. I hope it will not happen
again, for once in 10 years is often enough to take a drink
of whiskey. Maixe.

Ax.swEK. — I suspect you would have done just as well
without the whiskey, and I'm sure you would have been
better off without that minute in the pond-lily tub, for dur-
ing that time the stings were busy pumping in poison. The
slings should have been scraped out immediately. Possibly
a wet pack would have been a good thing. It is not likely
that there is danger of anything more severe another time,
although one can not always tell.

Superseding Queens-Introducing— Building Comb— Dan-

zenbaker Hive— Drone-Brood in Sections- Poul-

Brood Law in Illinois

1. What time of the year is the best to supersede old
queens?

2. Should they be superseded while the bees are work-
ing in the sections?

3. If I want to introduce a queen to a edlony that is
working in a super where can I place the introducing
cage?

4. The directions on the cage say to place the cage over
the brood, but as there is only 14-inch space between the
frames and the super, I can't put the cage there, and if I
space the brood-combs wide enough apart to put the cage
between them, won't the bees build comb between the two
frames?

AuR. 3, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

543

o. When I receive a queen from the mail, should 1 lake
out the escort bees before introducing the queen?

6. If I take a queen from a colony and replace lier
with a caged queen will they build queen-cells while the
queen i^ caged?

7. Have you ever tried Doolittle's plan of getting
worker-comb and section honey built at the same time, as
described in "Gleanings," pages 723 and 724? It so, what
is your opinion of tlie plan?

8. Will bees build comb behind the division-board of a
hive if there is more than a bee-space behind it, say % of
an inch, if they have room to work in the sections?

9. What are your objections to the Danzenbaker hive?

10. I have one colony of bees in a 10 frame dovetailed
hive that has all the frames filled with brood, and one of
the supers has drone-brood in the bottom of the sections.
What shall I do with it?

11. Has Illinois any foul-brood law? Ii,t,ixois.

Answkks. — 1. Most of the superseding by the bees oc-
curs toward the close of the honey harvest, and there is
probably no better time.

2. There would be no objection to a change of queens
during the latter part of the honey flow; no bee is living
in the time of the harvest that hatches from an egg as late
as three weeks before the close of the harvest.

3. Anywliere where the bees "do congregate"; there
being no better place than right between the combs in the
brood-nest.

4. You will find that you will not need very wide
spacing if the brood-combs, right where there is brood, are
shoved together till the cage is crowded into the brood, and
the bees are not likely to trouble by building comb there.
If they do build a little it can easily be cut away.

5. Generally they are not taken out.

6. Yes, unless you follow Mr. Abbott's plan — a good
plan, too — of caging the queen for 2 or 3 days, leaving her
so the bees can free her, at the same time you remove the
old queen.

7. No. for I have combs built on full sheets of founda-
tion : but I think Mr. Doolittle's teachings, as usual, aro
sound.

S. I think not.

9. Difficulty of handling rapidly without killing bees,
and trouble with pollen in the sections, are two of the rea-
sons. Another reason is that I don't know of advantages
enough to make them preferred to the dovetailed.

10. There is nothing but to cut the brood out of the
sections, using the rest of the section as chunk honey. To
avoid the same thing again, use a queen-excluder under the
super, or, what is perhaps better still, fill the sections full
of worker foundation.

11. Strictly speaking, no; a sum is appropriated to help
toward keeping down the disease, but there is no law cum-
pellinsj me to do anything about it if I have foul-broody
colonies. It is hoped, however, that what has been done
so far may help toward getting a satisfactory law.

Alfalfa -Bee-Sting Remedies

1. 1 have an abundance of white clover, and I have
read about alfalfa being such a good honey-plant. Would
you advise me to plant some, or would the white clover bo
plenty?

2. What is a good remedy to keep bee-stings from
poisoning me so? T'his must seem a silly question to you,
but it is an important one to me.

3. What is the latest in the season one can start a
nucleus and be safe?

1 read the American Bee .Journal and can not recom
mend it too highly. MtNXE.soTA.

Answkks. — 1. I doubt your gaining much by alfalfa so
long as the bees have more white clover than they can taks
care of.

2. A great many remedies for bee-stings have been
given, and what is commended by one seems to fail with
others. The important thing is to get the sting out in-
stantly. Among remedies offered are ammonia, saleratus
or soda, juice of onion or plantain leaves, kerosene, cloths
wet in cold water, etc. A homely remedy, perhaps as good
as any, is to lay on the place moistened clay or mud. Don't
rub or scratcff.

3. That depends upon the kind of season, the strenstU
of the nucleus, and the amount of help you give it. Two

Langstroth frames well filled with brood and well covered
with bees the 1st of Augusi. with the right kind of a season,
may build up to a fair colony without help. Usually however,
commencing as late as that, they would need help in the
way of bees or sealed brood, or both.

Wine Barrels for Extracted Honey

How would wine barrels do for holding extracted
honey? I have a number of them, and they are clean and
almost new. Iowa.

AxswEH. — I have an indistinct recollection that some
one has objected that honey was inclined to ferment in
such barrels.

Mosquito-Hawks Catching Bees

I have 5 colonies of bees, and the mosquito-hawks are
catching them very rapidly. Do you Know any way to stop
it? They come only early in the morning and late in the
evening! I am about two blocks from the woods or swamps.

LOUISIA.NA.

Ax.swER.— In an early volume of Gleanings a writer
said they were easily scared away by boys or brought down
by whips.

Best Bees for Super Work

Which is the best bee for super work, the black, the
Italian, or the golden? I have all three kinds and the
goldens are in the lead so far, but some people tell me they
are no good for super work. Kansas.

Answer. — The way to decide is by their work, and as
you have the three side by side you can tell better than
any one else which does the best work for you. You wilt
find bees of either of the three kinds that are good for
super work, as well as some that are poor. You can't
always tell by the color of a man's hair how big a day's
work he can do.

Transferred Bees Rearing No Brood

I have a colony that 1 transferred from one hive to
another, and they seem to have the hive about half full or
better. I made the transfer about 3 weeks ago, and there
is no sign of any brood yet that I can see. I also took
one out of a tree about 2 weeks ago, and they haven't any
sign of brood. The one I transferred first had no queen,
and I nut in another aueen. but I think they killed her.
How long after they are transferred do bees begin to rear
brood, and what shall I do with them? I can never find
a queen. Iowa.

AxswEH.— The queen should go right on laying with
scarcely any interruption, and in 3 days after an egg is laiit
a larva will hatch from it. You are probably correct in
your supposition that the queen was killed, and another
should be given. A queen should also be given in the
other case, as well.

Uniting Weak Colonies

Last fall I attended a sale near here where a bee-keeper
was selling out to remove to California. As the bees were
put up and bid off colony after colony, I thought it would
be a fine thing to own a colony or two to provide honey
for family use, so I bought a couple of colonies in Lang-
stroth hives.

Afterwards I bought a colony in a box-hive. Then I
brought them home and packed them for winter. They
came through in good condition. This was only the begin-
ning. Soon after I bought them I discovered I had an
"elephant on my hands." 1 knew about as much about
bees as a hog does about Sunday.

So I subscribed for the American Bee Journal, bought
a text-book, and straightway liecame almost inextricably
mixed up in a maze of qucm-cells, brood-frames, supers,
etc. I persevered in my stndi. s all winter, and this spring
I laid in a stock of bee-sup:''i-s and began puttering with
the bees. When those in tn- ..angstroth hives prepared to

544

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 190S

swarm I (iivicied them, letting the queenless part rear its
own queen. I also found a couple of bee-trees in the woods.
These I cut down and transferred, so now I have 8 colonies,
some strong and some weak. They all have laying queens
now (July 10). and if we "have seasonable weather from
now on I am in hopes will all be in good shape for win-
tering.

.There is quite a lot of big timber here yet. and a good
many bee-trees are cut every fall. I have often seen col-
onies starving to death where the tree had been rohbed. I
always felt sorry for the bees and wished I could do some-
thing to keep them from perishing.

1. If I should have some weak colonies this fall, say
covering 4 or 5 Langstroth frames, could I unite with one
of these "naked" colonies?

2. Would it be an advantage to me, or otherwise?

3. How much more stores would it take to winter the
united colonies than the weak colony by itself?

Missouri.
Answers. — 1. Yes, you could thus have a strong colony
instead of a weak one, but you must take more pains as to
uniting in fall than during a flow, and of course you must
look out to have stores enough.

2. It would be an advantage to have a strong colony
rather than a weak one.

3. I don't know just how much, but at a guess I would
say that if you unite two weak colonies of equal strength,
the united colony would not need more than 50 per cent
more than either of the colonies separately. If that be a
correct guess, you will see that it would be a saving of one-
fourth of the stores. More important than that, it would,
in many cases, be a saving of one or both of the colonies.

Sweet Mixture for Winter Stores

Would a mixture of sugar, "sugarall" and corn-starch
do to feed bees for winter stores? Of course most of the
starch will settle to the bottom so the syrup could be poured
off. I can get any amount of this mixture for nothing as
I handle the syrup after it is mixed, and at noon and night
the tanks are emptied, and it is thrown away. It is very
sweet. We will all agree that the sugar is all right, but
what about the starch and "sugarall"? Maine.

Answer.— I don't know. It would seem a little doubt-
ful that anything of so little value as to be thrown away
would be good feed for bees in winter. You could easily
experiment on one or more colonies. Even if not safe for
■winter food, it might be good to feed for brood-rearing in
spring. "

Greatest Honey State

What State has made the greatest success with bees
and honey during the last 10 years, and what is the best
location in the State? I want to go into the bee-business
quite heavily. Kansas,

Answer. — Put in short, your question asks for the best
location in the United States. I don't know just what that
IS, but there are a number of excellent locations. Take
the names of the leading producers of large crops of honev
and each one of them is likely to have a good location!
But that doesn't interest you particularly, for such loca-
tions are fully occupied already. Answering more directly
your question, Texas contends with California for the
highest place in honey-production, but I don't know what
available locality in either is best.

Motherwort-A Good Honey Plant

In my back yard grows this weed. It is a very hardy
one, as I have tried to exterminate it and failed. It comes
early and grows to be -3 feet high. I never happened to
notice till this spring how especially fond the bees are of
it. Now I am interested and want to grow it in waste
places. Very early in spring it begins to bloom, probably
when 8 or 9 inches high. As the stems grow it continues
to bloom, while the first bloom matures into seed. You
will notice this on the enclosed stalk. The bees prefer it
to catnip, white clover, basswood, or anything else. Whac
is it? And is the yiehl such as to pay growing it? "vVheri

must one plant the seed and how? We would have had
an immense honey-flow here but for the rains. I should
have added that as these flowers mature into seeds the pod
is a burr. Illinois.

An.swer. — It is motherwort. It is counted a good
honey-plant, and is good for waste places, but it would
hardly pay to occupy with it cultivated ground. I know
nothing about its cultivation-^never heard of its being
cultivated — but you would be pretty safe to sow at any
time when seed matures.

Swarms Uniting;

What is the reason my bees act as they do? Monday
morning, July 10, I noticed one colony of bees swarming,
and they settled on a small plum-tree. About the time I
was ready to put them in the hive another colony swarmed,
and settled on them. I was about to put them in w'hen
another swarm settled on them, making 3 swarms in one
from 3 different hives. I put them in a hive and they
seem to agree all right. If any one doubts it he can bring
2 hives and have the pleasure of separating them.

Wisconsin.

Answer. — Unfortunately the behavior of your bees is
nothing very exceptional. If two or more swarms are out
at the same time, they are very likely to go together, and
some have reported five or more swarms in one huge mass.
The consolidation of your three swarms will do good work,
only by next spring the colony will be no larger than each
of the three would have been if they had been separated.
You could have divided them into two or three parts, dip-
ping up the bees with a tin dipper, and giving each a
queen. The finding the queens is not so very difficult, as
in case of such uniting the queens are likely to be found
balled.

=^

(Eonrentton
Procccbings

rJ

Report of the Chicaeo-Northwestem Bee- Keep-
ers' Conventiou, held at Chicago, 111 ,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Contlaned from page 490. J

FIRST DAY— Afternoon Session.

Pres. York called for the report of the Foul Brood Com-
mittee which had been appointed two years ago.

report of the committee on foul brood.

Mr. Moore — The Foul Brood Coinmittee, of which I hnve
the honor to be chairman, really has nothing to report. We
reported in full to date at the last meeting, and from then
till now there was no work that could be done except in-
specting apiaries. I don't suppose that cornes under the scope
of this report. There is a heading in the program that does
refer to such matters as that. We might make our recom-
mendations ; we might tell you a lot of things : we might
say this fall the Legislature meets again and we have to get
the law over again, or fail to get it. Air. Kannenberg is with
me on this committee, and I believe there is a vacancy to
fill. As the committee having charge of this matter, we have
to urge upon each one of you individually to do what you
can to get a law through the Legislature this fall. If you
know some member of the Legislature, communicate with him
by all means. If you do not know any member take the pains
to find the names and addresses of the nearest member to
you and communicate with him. If every one of us would
do that it would have a material effect. When I was there
two years ago and appeared before committees of the
Legislature to get the laws we did get, they said, " For
goodness sake, stop writing us letters ; we will give you
anything if you will only quit writing to us."

Advertising is what we want, and the piembers of the
Legislature must know we are alive. How are they going
to find it out unless by individuals writing and saying. Give
us the laws we need? But hundreds have to do that. We

Aug. 3. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

545

want to ask this fall for either five or ten thousand dollars.
In this State there are 102 counties. The State, in its cen-
sus, has iormally said that there are 35,000 bee-keepers in
Illinois. If there were inspectors enough to cover that
ground it would take 50 to 60 working six months. Vou
can see how far five or ten thousand dollars would go. I
had a conversation with the Hon. Mr. Austin, who got our
last Bill for us, and he saw the point; he saw a thousand
dollars wasn't a beginning for this great State of 102 coun-
ties with that number of bee-keepers. So that we want
tjiis fall $5,000 from the Legislature to spend in the in-
terests of the bee-keepers in this State, and it is a question
of judgment whether to ask for $10,000 and give them a
chance to cut it in two, or ask outright for the $5,000 we
want. . If you don't ask for anything you won't get any-
thing, and in order to get anything we must have the help
of all the bee-keepers in the State. I would like to hear
from Mr. Kannenberg, who is a member of this committee,
and has some things to say.

Mr. Kannenberg — I am one of the committee and we
did pretty good work last year. I do not know whether we
can do it this year or not. But one thing I think I must
say, if we want to strive for that law we must have a
compulsory clause in it or else it is no good to us what-
ever.

Dr. Miller — Hear, hear.

Mr. Kannenberg — That is right. Doctor. We v.ant
about $10,000, that is about the only thing; and they will
give us only half, the same as in damage suits, if the bee-
keepers don't join in with us; I think we won't get much
out of it if they don't help us the way they did last year.
Last year I wrote hundreds of letters to all the Senators ;
I hope it did some good. As far as I know, the Hon, Mr.
Austin IS again elected to the Legislature with a large ma-
jority. I have not spoken to him this year, personally, be-
cause he is on his honey-moon trip. As soon as he comes
back I am going to speak to him.

Mr. Wheeler — I would like to ask who the other Com-
mittee man is?

Pres. York — Mr. Clarke, I think was the other member
of the Committee, but he has not served on the committee
at all.

Mr. Wheeler — I would like to ask how manv colonies
of bees Mr. Kannenberg has?

Mr. Kannenberg — 82.

Mr. Wheeler — How many has Mr. Moore?

Mr. Moore — I have never kept a large number; I have
less than 35 now. My family keeps about 400.

Mr. Wheeler — What I was getting at was, we want rep-
resentative bee-keepers on this committee ; we want people
interested, and that have thousands of dollars invested.

Dr. Miller — I have more bees than Mr. Moore and I
don't believe that I could influence Mr. Austin as much as
he has done. A man may represent a body of people with-
out himself being one of those people. Possibly it would
have its weight; at the same time if he can present the
thing the right way that is more than to say he has the
bees.

Mr. Colburn — A man has a thousand colonies of bees
and he goes to our Legislature and he says, I want this and
that, and the fellows say, you are selfish. If I have but
very few bees and I go there for somebody else it will be
two to one I will get what I ask.

Mr. Whitney — My experience with politicians is that
the man who has some influence in the community is the
man who will get some help from the Legislature, not the
man who may possess perhaps a thousand colonies of bees,
or any other interest that he may represent. I know in-
dividuals who haven't a single colony of bees that I think
would make good committeemen for that very purpose. It
seems to me the point is well taken.

Mr. Becker— On behalf of Mr. Moore I will say that
he is tlie right man in the right place. I have had r-ome
experience with Mr. Moore in the Legislature. Mr. Smith
and I were before the Legislature when they tried to get
our law passed and I know what efforts Mr. Moore made
in that direction, and we never left until we had the guar-
antee that the law would be passed, as far as the Committee
on Appropriations goes. We couldn't wait until the Hmise
debated on it and the Senate, but we had the promise ofthe
Committee; and they passed it in the House and in the Sen-
ate before they left.

Mr. Wheeler — I don't like to be misunderstood. It
wasn't in regard to getting that appropriation I was speak-
ing, and getting the Bill through; it was in regard to ths

committee's work afterwards. You must not lose sight of
the fact that people are interested that have money invested,
and it must be looked into a little and we must see that we
do not take men who are not interested financially in bee-
keeping and who are not interested in the welfare of bee-
keeping.

Pres. York — As I understand it, it does not make any
difference after the law is secured. This committee has
nothing further to do. The inspector is then appointed on
the recommendation of the State Association, and the money
is turned over to the State Association.

Dr. Miller — I move that the report be accepted and the
committee continued.

Mr. Smith — Has that vacancy been filled on that com-
mittee?

Pres. York — Not yet.

Mr. Smith moved, which motion was duly seconded,
that the chair fill the vacancy.

Pres. York— I think we might as well consider it a
vacancy because Mr. Clarke has never served on the com-
mittee.

Mr. Wheeler— I object to that. I don't believe that is
fair.

Pres. York — Then we had better have a motion to de-
clare the vacancy.

Mr. Moore moved, which motion was duly seconded,
that a vacancy be declared in the office of third committee-
man of the Foul Brood Committee. [Carried.]

Pres. York then put a motion to fill the vacancy which
on a vote having been taken was declared, carried. Mr.
Horstmann was then appointed as third committeeman on
the Foul Brood Committee.

Pres. York then put the motion to accept the report and
continue the committee, which, on a vote having been taken,
was declared carried.

Pres. York — Before we take up some of the questions
which have been handed in we will have a talk by Mr.
Ernest R. Root, of Ohio, on

BABY NUCLEI AND MATING QUEENS-BRICK HONEY

(Mr. Root exhibited before the convention a baby-
nucleus box, illustrating his remarks as he went on by
pointing out various features of the little outfit. We have
since obtained a series of illustrations, and think the reader
will have no difficulty in understanding Mr, Root's explana-
tions if he will keep before him the illustrations.— Editor s

Note.) , ,

Perhaps those of you who devote your whole attention
to the production of honey, may think that what I am now
about to say on this subject will be of no particular interest
to you for the reason that you can better afford to buy your
queens than to rear them yourselves. This, I believe, is a
mistake, as the honey-producer should properly inform him-
self as to the latest method of rearing queens so that he can
rear his own stock as a matter of economy. I hope to show
you, therefore, that you can afford to rear your own queens
to a very great extent after having purchased one or more
breeding queens, or having selected something from your
own stock which shows an unquestioned superiority over
other stock in the yard.

The business has been developed to a very pretty science.
Indeed I know of nothing in all the realm of bee-culture that
is more interesting or more fascinating than watching the
baby queens develop into full-fledged mothers.

It will not be necessary for me to explain how queen-
cells may be reared in wood'en cell-cups in quantity, nor how
the eggs of one or two breeding queens may be used for all
the cell-building work. This iiart of the operation has been
usually regarded as simple and easy; but the problem of get-
ting the young hatched virgins mated— aye, there has been
the rub. I desire to show you .i method whereby even this
part of the work can be acconiphshed simply and easily, and
at a trifling expense in bees and brood.

Until within the last year or so, full-sized two and three
frame nuclei using standard Langstroth frames have been
employed for mating the virgin^. To make such, it has been
necessary to break up a good many otherwise strong colonies
for honey-production. As a .cciu-ral rule, only three or four
nuclei could be made out of one colony. This made the
question of mating somewhat expensive. Mr. Pratt, Mr.
Laws, and others who have worked at this problem, have
now demonstrated that a small t.-acupful of bees and one or
two sections of comb will serve as good a purpose as a large

546

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 190S

nucleus, with the added advantage that the queens can be
found instantly.

I hold in my hand here one of Mr. Pratt's "baby" nucleus-
boxes. As you will see. it is a miniature hive made of o.uar-
ter-inch stuff with a small flight-hole in front. This has a tin
slide on the outside so that the hole can be closed, and a

perforated zinc slide on the inside. This latter can be re-
volved around, holding the queen after she is mated. The
little frames, as you will note, are secured to the cover, hav-
ing no ears nor projections. They are not made permanently
fast, but are secured by a staple bent at right angles, folded
over against the top-bar. When these little frames are filled
with comb and bees, the cover is turned bottom up, leaving
the frames standing upright. If the queens or the eggs are
not discovered on the two outside surf.?.ces 'of the combs, a
sliding twist will remove one of the frames so that its inside
surface, as well as the inside surface of the other comb, can
be readily seen. If the queen is laying, the fact can be noted
at a glance. If she is to be caged and sent out through the
mails she can be located without hunting. We have gone so
far as to take every bee in the box and put it in the mailing-
cage with the queen. In cases of this kind we supply the
box with fresh bees in the manner I shall presently explain.

To get these little "baby" frames filled with comb, we
make them of just the right size so that six of them will fit
in a standard Langstroth frame, a good deal as eight sections
used to be inserted in the old-style wide-frame. Each of
these little frames is supplied with foundation, and the whole
si.x in one frame is set down in the center of a strong colony.
In a few hours the comb will be drawn out, and will contain
some honey if honey is coming in, as well as, possibly, a few
eggs.

We have a good many of these frames, each containing
six small frames, scattered through the yard so that we can
get freshly sealed combs whenever we need them for the
"babies," for that is what we call these miniature nuclei.

Now, then, how do we supply these little boxes v,'ith
bees? We prepare a lot of them, say a dozen or so, uith
combs all ready for the bees. We next go to some •^<««\

colony and shake all the bees into a box, having previously
smoked them in order to make them quiet, and to get them
to gorge themselves with honey. This box of combless bees,
after giving the brood to other colonies, is then carried to a
shady place where we have the prepared miniature nuclei.
The box of bees before scooping up is given a bump in order

to get them into a heap. The cover is removed, and with a
tea-cup we scoop up one or two hundred bees and dump the
teacupful into one of the baby bo.xes, when the cover v.'ith
its combs is set down in place, thus confining them. In a like
manner the other babies are supplied. Of course, the en-
trances are kept closed. Having supplied all the bees, we

can now give each through the hole in the cover a queen-cell
built on one of these wooden cell-cups ; or in 24 hours after
the bees have come to know their utter queenlessness we
may run in a young virgin.

We can now distribute these baby bo.xes around in dif-
ferent parts of the yard ; but it is usually advisable to carry

HOW PRATT FEEDS SYRUP TO THE BABT NUCLBI.

them to an outyard or to some isolated locality where there
may be one or two hives with a large pri dominance of se-
lected drones. The queens are allowed to fly at this yard and
become mated, when they are brought home and kept for
supplying queenlcss colonies or to fill any orders that one
may have ; for these little boxes of bees will hold their
queens for a considerable length of time. It may be ncces-

Aug. 3, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

547

sary to "repeople" these boxes, for Mr. Laws says these
ckisters sometimes get uneasy: but we have kept these same
little clusters going all summer, rearing their own brood, and
working a good deal on the same plan as the ordinary strong
colonies.

1 wish to call attention to the fact that one can almost
control the male parentage of his bees by selecting some
locality where there are no bees, and keeping there a few
hives of select drones.

BRICK HONEY.

"I show here a sample of "brick honey," or what has been
appropriately called "honey butter." It is nothing more nor
less tlian an oblong cake of candied honey hard enough to
hold its shape. It is wrapped in paraffin paper and then
given other wrappings, or, better still, putting into a carton
and properly labeling it on the outside. These bricks of
candied honey are secured from the cans of alfalfa honey —
the honey, of course, being granulated solid. The tin can is
stripped off from the cake with a pair of tinner's snips. The
block of honey is now put into a regu.lar machine for cutting
up butter into bricks. This consists of a cast-iron plate with
four upright standards on which slides up and down a fn-.me
having two or more wires stretched tightly across it. These
wires are forced perpendicularly down through the block of
honey by a steady, even pressure. Another frame swung on
one of the standards as an axis, carries another set of v.ires
which cut the honey on a horizontal plane. When cut up,
these bricks can then be taken off with a thin-bladed knife,
placed on a piece of paraffin paper of suitable size, and
wrapped.

We have developed quite a business in putting up brick
honey at Medina and vicinity. It is now offered in some of
the largest retail stores in Cleveland. Of late we have been
calling it "honey butter;" and under that appropriate title it
seems to take well with the general public. Our labels show
how to liquefy, if preferred in that form, and also explain
that pure honey, or nearly all of it, will turn to this solid
state at the approach of, or during cool weather.

I believe this brick honey has a bright future, and that
many of our honey-producers will find it a field well worth
developing in their own localities. Ernest R. Root.

Mr. Wheeler — Do you have any absconding?

Mr. Root — Very little. I expected that, but we had very
little. Our early experiments indicated there would be more
or less absconding but I do not think that will be the case.

Mr. Kimmey — I understand the advantage of taking that
to an out-yard is to control the drones?

Mr. Root — That is all.

Mr. Meredith — Do you expect to put them on the mar-
ket? If so, about what would the complete expense be?

Mr. Root— We are going to put them on the market.
What the price will be I don't know. I am glad I don't. I
don't think it would be proper for me to mention prices at
this time.

Mr. Meredith^Will they be in your catalogue?

Mr. Root— In 1905.

Mr. Colburn — The queen-cell is sealed?

Mr. Root— Yes, what we call a "wrapped queen-cell."

Mr. Colburn — Would that be warm enough in severely
cold nights?

Mr. Root — I couldn't say as to that. In our locality we
had no difficulty from that. We had those cells hatch along
in November. This cage is what we call the Titoff case. It
is quite convenient for holding the cell.

Dr. Miller — With your indulgence, I would like to say if
you want to try the plan of having queens fertilized with
baby nuclei, that you can do it without any arrangement of
this kind at all, only just what you have at home. I reared
a number of queens last year and had them fertilized. I
followed Boston Smith's rule, "Do the best you can with
what you have." I didn't have anything of that kind. I had
an ordinary hive that I use every day, a dove-tailed hive. In
that I put a wide frame that will hold four sections. In that
I put one section of honey filled solid full of honey. Another
frame beside it with a section of comb, no honey in it at all.
It doesn't matter whether there is or not. I put those two
in the hive. Had tlie hive closed up in front so that it would
have only an entrance of one-quarter of an inch. Then I go
to a hive, take out a frame of brood with the adhering bee.^
and bring it to that hive. Then I tell my assistant to take
that and pound off the bees and at the same time I drop a
virgin queen in the bottom of the hive, quickly shut the

thing up, and leave them fastened there for three days. Then
open the entrance, and that is all. The bees do the rest.

Mr. McCain— After forming the little colony— the nucleus
— how Jong does Mr. Root keep that closed before liberating
the bees or the queen ?

Mr. Root — That all depends upon whether you carry them
to an out-apiary.

Mr. McCain — In tlie yard.

Mr. Root — Not less than three days. They will have to
be shut up at least three days to get them so that they will
get used to a new location. At the end of that time they
will do very well. In the out-yard you can use them imme-
diately.

Mr. Wheeler — Mr. Stanley is here. He rears queens and
I have bought hundreds of them in the last year and he has
a very unique and fine way of rearing them, and he will
exhibit for you any time you want him to in the back room.
He does not care to come before the assembly and speak;
but there is one thing I can assure you he rears good, lively
queens, and the bees take them, and they lay, and they are a
good color. He is one of the largest bee-keepers ia the State,
I understand ; he represents about TOO colonies. Such men as
that are men that work as well as talk.

Pres. York— Has Mr. Stanley anything to say on this?

Mr. Stanley — No, not unless anyone wishes me to talk.

(Mr. Stanley was requested to explain his method of rear-
ing queens.)

Pres York— While Mr. Stanley is getting ready I thmk
we may take up a question or two.

SH0OK-SW.\RMING.

"How many present think shook-swarming a preferable
and practical method of management?"

Mr. Whitney— That would depend largely upon circum-
stances.

(Pres. York called for a show of hands on the question.
The request was complied with.)

Pres. York— It would be preferable, I think. There were
four I think who raised their hands.

Mr. Wilcox— How many have an opinion concerning the
subject and know anything about it?

Pres York — Do you mean how many have tried it?

Mr. Wilcox— Yes. .

Pres. Y'ork— How many have tried shook-s warming?
Raise your hands. (About 10 responded.)

Pres. York — How many think it is preferable to all other
methods? Raise your hand. tOne responded.)

LAWS ON BEE-KEEPING.

"In what respect does the law of "Cook County differ from
the State laws relative to bee-keeping?"

Pres. York— Does anybody know of any different law in
this county from any other county in the State?

Mr. Moore— There arc no laws in Illinois except State
laws which are applicable to every cnunty in the State. There
are no County laws. .

Pres. York— Are there any ordinances m the City of Chi-
cago relating to bees or bee-keeping?

Mr. Moore— There have been ordinances made in certain
places in the State against keeping bees within certain limits.

Mr. Pease— We have in the ordinances of the City of Chi-
cago, an ordinance that bee-keepers do not care to discuss very
much, as a rule. If is still one c,f the ordinances. It is to
this effect, prohibiting the keeping of bees within 200 feet of
a public highway or alley. That ordinance is still in effect
although it has never been enforced. There has been no liti-
gation on the subject whatever. There has been consider.nble
controveisy among some of the bee-keepers of Cook County
to have that ordinance repealed. As to the legality of it, it
is a question as to whether it would be sustained or not. It is
in a measure conflicting with the State Laws as being rather
class legislation, and there has been a strong inclination on
the part of many of the bee-keepers of Cook County to have
that ordinance repealed. Philadeli)hia had a similar ordinance
which was taken into Court and CL.ntested and carried to the
Supreme Court of tlie State and there found unconstitutional.
I suppose that is what is referred to by this question.

Mr Moore— I am certainlv in tructed by the gentleman's
authority, which I take for graniol is correct, that there is
an ordinance in Chicago on keepm- bees within certain limits,
but it has given us so little troulii. that we didn t know there
was such a thing. It would tak> $500 or $1,000 to wipe it
off the statute book. No legish-ti- ii of that sort is going to
give us any trouble either now .i m the future, judging by

548

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3 1905

the amount of bother it has been in the past ; it might as well
stay there, as there has been no attempt made to enforce it.

Mr. Abbott— I am not a lawyer, but whenever there is
any specification regarding keeping bees a certain distance
from any place I pay no attention to it whatever. It cannot
be enforced in any State in this Union. That belongs to the
common principles of law that underlie all law. Every law
must be specific and must apply specifically to all the people
engaged in that industry.

Mr. Kimmey— Suppose you lived next door to a church
and should insist on keeping a row of bee-hives right along
side of the church, don't you think there is power In the
municipal power of a city to control that matter?

Mr. Moore— This matter has been threshed over at very
great length. The law of nuisances covers a great many of
these things. There is such a thing as a public and a private
nuisance. No man would claim that keeping a cow was a
nuisance, but in a city where people live close together vou
can keep a horse or a cow in such a way as to become a
nuisance. It may be a private nuisance, it may be a public
nuisance. The whole neighborhood is interested in having
it abated, in which case there is appropriate remedy. Keep-
ing bees or chickens is not a nuisance, but they may be kept
in such a way as to become an awful nuisance. Then there
is a remedy for the people aggrieved, at law.

Mr. Kimmey — Don't you think there is a remedy with
the authorities. Has the pastor of a church got to go to law?
Why can't he ask that there shall be a reasonable ordinance
passed to control those things?

Mr. Moore— It is not necessary to pass an ordinance. If
the church authorities are agreed, the church authorities as a
corporation can maintain an action for specific nuisance.

Mr. Kimmey— Your argument would abolish all law. I
don't believe that we should take the high and lofty position
that we can keep bees wherever we please, regardless of
everybody and anybody. When we do I believe we will find
ourselves subject to municipal legislation under the police
power granted by the State of all municipal corporations.

Mr. Moore— If the Legislature or if municipal corpora-
tions attempted to make laws to govern everything, pretty
soon they would be making laws telling you to have j'our
picket fence so high, to keep your next neighbor's chickens
out.

Mr. Kimmey— They do that very thing right here in the
city of Chicago.

Mr. Moore— There are a whole lot of things that must
be governed by common sense, and they have attempted to
make general laws to remedy specific cases of grievance.
There is always a law for specific grievance.

Mr. Stanley being now ready to explain his method of
queen-rearing, the subject was taken up.

STANLEY METHOD OF QUEEN-REARING.

Mr. Stanley — I have a frame of queen-cells here.

Dr. Miller — How do you get those queen-cells started?

Mr. Stanley— Started as they are now? Do you -nean
grafted ?

Dr. Miller— Yes.

Mr. Stanley— They are started with royal jelly and then
the larva is grafted in, I made these myself.

Mr. McCain— Are those the ordinary Doolittle cups?

Mr. Stanley— No. This is a frame showing complete
cells, some of them hatched and some of them not. At this
stage that should be removed (indicating).

Mr. Kimmey— What would I do with those if I Irid
them ?

Mr. Stanley — If you wanted to save the queen I suppose
you would put it in a cage until she hatched and then you
could make use of it by putting it in a nucleus, the full
colony.

Mr. Moore — Before these hatch you cover them with
some kind of a metal cover.

Mr. Stanley— Yes. In introducing the cage it is supplied
with a candy to liberate the queen at any time. They are
kept warm with the heat of the colony in full colonies or
nucleus.

Dr. Miller— Right down in the colonies?

Mr. Stanley— Yes; they are put right between brood-
combs, one, two, three or four colonies.

Dr. Miller — I wish you could all see closely the beautiful
workmanship of all of this. Mr. Stanley is a wonder as a
mechanic. His work is beautiful.

Mr. Whitney— Do you mean to say that you can intro-

duce a queen to a colony in one of those protectors— that is,
a laying queen, and the bees not kill the queen ?

Mr. Stanley — Yes, I can introduce a virgin queen into
a colony and have the laying queen caged.

Mr. Whitney — With room for the bees to go in and out
at pleasure?

_ Mr. Stanley — Yes, the bees can go in and out and feed
their laying queen. Have your laying queen caged, and the
virgin queen at liberty on the combs.

Dr. Miller — VVould it do if there were a laying queen
at liberty in the hive?

Mr. Stanley — You couldn't liberate ' the virgins. You
might lose your virgin and you might lose your life.

Mr. McCain — In regard to fertilizing. You have quite
a number of cells there. What is your method of getting
the queens fertilized?

Mr. Stanley— I use a three-frame nucleus, standard size
frame. I have tried the small one. I have had some failure
and some success.

Mr. McCain — Do you introduce the virgins one at a
time?

Mr. Stanley — One at a time.

Mr. Kannenberg — How long can you keep the queens
after they are hatched in those cells you have there?

Mr. Stanley — I have kept one 34 days to see how long
I could keep them.

Mr. Kannenberg — Without any honey? The bees will
feed them?

Mr. Stanley— Yes.

Mr. Wheeler — Could you introduce them after that time?

Mr. Stanley— Yes.

Mr. Whitney — Could you introduce that virgin queen into
the center of the hive where there is a laying queen, and not
have any of these virgin queens killed ?

Mr. Stanley — Yes; they can be cared for in the colony
with the laying queen.

Mr. Moore — They simply can't get at them.

Mr. Stanley — Certainly.

Mr. Moore — They are protected by the zinc.

Mr. Whitney — The question is about the bees killing
them.

Mr. Stanley — I haven't had any trouble with the bees
killing them.

Mr. Wheeler — Do they ever attempt to ball them?

Mr. Stanley — No, I have never had any trouble with
balling.

Mr. Wilcox — Would it not be better, in introducing them
into a hive, to put them in an upper story with a queen-
excluding honey-board ?

Mr. Stanley — If there are bees enough it would be just
as well ; all they require is to be kept warm.

Mr. Wilcox — You supply them with food?

Mr. Stanley — You don't need to supply them; the bees
feed them.

Mr. Wilcox — The bees will not feed the virgin queen?

Mr. Stanley — Yes, the bees feed tlie virgin queens while
they have a laying queen in the hive. There probably are
cases where they will not, but it can be brought about so
that they will.

Mr. Wilcox — I have very often slipped a virgin queen in
the hive with a laying queen, and found her dead afterwards.
I thought they killed her or starved her to death.

RE-INTRODUCING A BALLED QUEEN.

"When a laying queen is balled in introducing, what
method should be adopted to introduce her again to the
same colony?"

Mr. Whitney — That comes directly in line with some
practice I had a year ago, although I didn't ask that question.
I introduced the queen to a queenless colony for a young
lady who bought a colony of bees from me, and the next
day or two afterwards she wanted to see whether that queen
was accepted or not. She found they had eaten out the candy
and the queen was liberated. I told her there was a little
danger in opening that hive so soon, but if she cared to haye
me do it I would try to do so. I opened the hive and I
didn't find the queen — I gave them a little smoke — I was
afraid perliaps they had killed her. The young lady looked
down into the hive at the bottom and she said, "Mr. Whitney,
what is the matter?" I looked in and I said, "There they
are balling that queen as sure as you are alive." I put my
hand down and took that ball of bees out and shook them
and there that queen was and they hadn't hurt her. I re-
caged her and put her back and left it till the next morning,

Aug. 3, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

549

when I pulle'd the plug out and in three or four days the
queen was all right.

Dr. Miller — There is just one part that might be added
to what Mr. Whitney has said. He says that he introduced
that queen the second time in the morning.

Mr. Whitney — No; I introduced her immediately.

Dr. Miller — About what time was it?

Mr. Whitney — About the middle of the day it was that
we looked, and I introduced her again, but plugged up tlie
cage so tliat she couldn't get out, and left her there over the
frame till the ne.xt morning, and then carefully removed the
frame and didn't disturb the bees at all.

Dr. Miller — That is the point — if you free her at a time
when the bees are likely to be troublesome, in the morning.
Any other time in the day you will not be quite so safe as
if you free her just at night when there will be no chance
for robbers or foreign bees to get in. In this case it is the
queen with which you have had trouble, and you want to take
more than ordinary care. So take the additional precaution
to liberate her at night and you will be safe.

Mr. Wilcox — I thought perhaps there might be a word
more said in regard to the manner of picking up that queen
in the ball. He said he picked it up with his fingers and put
it in the cage.

Mr. Whitney — No ; I scooped the whole ball of bees up
from the bottom of the hive with my hand and shook them
out and the bees were very much surprised.

Mr. Wilcox — Sometimes a bee-keeper is, too ! I could
recommend those that are very timid to use a little table
spoon and pick up the ball and throw it into some water.

Mr. McCain — In regard to the ball of bees, I would like
to ask if it is a dangerous or unwise thing to smoke the
ball.

Dr. Miller — Yes, and no. I take the smoke and I will
warrant that one way I use it they will kill the queen, and
another way I use it they will not hurt the queen. Hold the
smoker off far enough so that the cold smoke comes upon
them, and they will leave it about the same as they will when
you throw them into the water. Get some bees in your
fingers and hold the smoker up so that the smoke will be
hot and see if you don't get stung. You will be sure to kill
the queen if you blow hot smoke on it.

Mr Kimmey — I don't know anything about these matters,
but I have had just a little experience. I got a queen, and
found after she was liberated the bees had balled the queen
in the bottom of the hive, and I picked it up and laid it on
top of the frames and moved it a little, and it never occurred
to me that tliey would sting me ; and the queen flew away
and I thought, "Well, surely she has gone." But I waited
about an hour, or something like that, and I looked again
and I found the queen back, balled in the bottom of the hive.
I simply picked it up, from my previous experience, and
carried it into a little building in my hands and then caged
it there. I had a caged queen and the colony without any
queen which I wanted to get that queen into. I didn't know
what to do. I went back and hunted up all the old bee-
papers I could ^find to get some information on the que=tion
I don't know just what paper it was in, but it said to smear
the bee with a honey and water mixture and throw it in the
hive and it would be all right. I thought, "Here is a des-
perate case and I don't know what to do." I tried it and it
succeeded, and that is all I know about it. I simply smeared
the queen with that mixture and poured a teacupful right
down between two frames and let the bees in, and it went on
and made a good colony.

Dr. Miller — It may succeed next time, but maybe it
won't.

Mr. Dadant — I thiiik there is a great deal less dan.yer
than some people would think of bees stinging when they have
balled a queen. I have never had patience to go after a pail
of water to throw the bees into. We have found the bees
ball and I was in too much of a hurry to release her to do
anything like that and I never got stung. They are rubbing
against one another and expect to be rubbed, and their stings
will not hurt one another; they will hardly hurt your fingers.
Our way to do it is to do it promptly.

Mr. Abbott — I would like to ask these gentlemen what
they have queens balled for? I wouldn't think anything more
about putting a queen into a hive and not having her balled
than I would about picking a frame out. I think a bee-
keeper hasn't learned his business that has them balled.
Mr. Whitney — If she were balled what would you do?
Mr. Abbott— She won't be. You might just as well ask
me if my wife left me what would I do. She won't leave.

Mr. Kimmey — I would like to know what I did wrong.
I simply put the cage in the hive and left it there, I believe,
about 43 hours and found her balled in the bottom of the
hive.

Dr. Miller — May I be allowed to interrupt and cut this
matter short by asking that Mr. Abbott shall tell us what he
can do so that there are- never any balled queens or queens
balled.

Mr. Whitney — Perhaps I can answer the question for

Mr. Abbott. I don't believe he keeps any bees! [Laughter.]

Mr. Abbott — I used to have about 200 colonies when I

was handling queens, but the question with me was. How

your colony came to be queenless?

Dr. Miller — That is not the question. The question is,
How does he do that he never has any queens balled?

Mr. Abbott — In the first place I don't have queenless
colonies to begin with, when I want to introduce a aueen.

Mr. Kannenberg — I had a colony of bees I wanted to
Italianize. I got the queen out about two days before, and
I left it queenless for two or three days. Then I looked to
see when I put the queen in if there was —

Mr. Abbott — You followed the instructions of the bee-
books and journals; you shouldn't have-done anything of the
kind. The way to introduce a queen ih not to kill the old
queen to start with. The way to do is to leave the old
queen in the hive ; don't interfere with her at all. When
you get your cage with the new queen, uncover the wire so
that the bees in the cage can get at the bees inside of it,
and get at the queen if they want to. Leave it there at least
48 hours, then catch the old queen and kill it, and uncover
the candy and cover up your hive as quick as you can. Just
as soon as you find the queen and kill it don't spend another
moment's time but get the frames back in as quickly as pos-
sible ; uncover the candy, cover up the hive and go about
your business, and pay no attention to them for two or three
days ; and when you go back you will find the queen laying
every time, and never have one balled. If j'ou kill the old
Queen according to the instructions in all the books, in nine
cases out of ten you will have trouble and have them balled.

Dr. Miller — I have had queens balled a good many times
when there was but one queen in the hive and none other
had ever been in : they balled their own queen.

Mr. Dadant — There are many cases in which we have
balled queens. I have seen hundreds of instances. I have
had two swarms come out and each of the two queens balled
because some of the bees of the other swarm were with that
queen. I have had queens that I was about to introduce,
balled before I had any time to do anything with them. I
have seen young queens balled in the hive. Those things are
accidents that happen in the bee-business, and the best of us
cannot avoid them.

Mr. Root — I would like to agree with both gentlemen,
but I think Mr. Dadant is exactly right. I also agree with
Mr. Abbott on his method of introducing queens. We have
been trying that all the past summer and the plan is all right.
Leave the old queen in the hive until you are ready to
release the new queen. We have been doing it with our
virgin and laying queens and it works better than it worked
the other way. But the "A B C of Bee Culture" has been
changed, Mr. Abbott, and our directions are changed to cover
that. We introduce our virgins ; we have three or four in a
hive at a time, and we also have a laying queen. As those
virgin queens begin to lay we take out the laying queen and
leave the other in the hive, and when the other begins to lay
we take her out. I think there is one point that has been
dropped, and that is this question of scent of the bees. At
the University of Pennsylvania I spent some three months
a year ago last summer, and after working a long time at
this problem the intention was to consider some problem of
introducing. I remember Mr. Abbott had been trying to
pound that thing into us, and we didn't believe it —
Mr. Abbott — For twenty years. [Laughter.]
Mr. Root— And Dr. Phillips takes the ground — and he
has been studying this question very carefully — that this
question of introduction depends almost entirely on the scent
of the bees. If the bees are balled, and you handle that ball
in your hand and get that queen in your fingers, the chances
are that they will ball up again '.ecause that scent has been
changed. The bee's sense of snu-U is very acute. If the scent
is changed a little bit the conditions are different. They rec-
ognize her somewhat as a stranger. I have had queens balled
in our yard. By picking up the queen and showing her to
visitors and dropping her back, tiK-y will ball her. Sometimes
a disturbance in the hive will eause them to ball her. But

550

THE AMERICAN BEE JOCRNAL

Aug. 3. 1905

this question of scent plays a more important part in it than
we bee-keepers have been in the habit of thinking. If she
has the same scent as the rest of the bees she will be accepted.
A little while ago Mr. Stanley spoke about putting virgin
queens in a hive where tliere is a laying queen. If they have
the scent of the rest of the bees the bees won't tackle them,
but if the laying mother can get at those then there will be
war.

Mr. Smith— Whv do bees ball their queens? In my ex- (
perience I find that there are two motives, one is to protect
them and another is to kill them. I will illustrate: I had
an Italian second swarm and a black swarm go together, and
both queens were balled. The yellow queen was balled with
her own bees; the blacks also balled their own queen. I
liberated them and neither one was hurt. I introduced the
Ijlack queen and she flew away. I introduced the yellow
queen and shook the bees all out on the ground, and dropped
her in among the bees as they went to tlie liive. She was
introduced that way perfectly safe. The black queen came
back and lit on the outside, and the yellow bees killed her.
In the first place they had balled their own queen, which I
think was for protection.

Mr. Abbott— I want to say I didn't mean my remarks
to apply to these abnormal conditions of two swarms going
together or anything of that kind. I want to be rightly
understood. I just let them go together and let them fight
it out. I don't fool with them.

Mr. Smith — If you alarm a colony they will sometimes
ball their queen. That is to protect the queen.

Mr. Root— Shut the hive up and they will be all right.

DISPENSING WITH THE BEE-VEIL.

"Generally speaking, can the bee-veil be dispensed with?
How many think it can?"

Mr. Smith— I would like to see a man go through 40
or 50 colonies in the honey season without a bee-veil.

Mr. Dadant — There are a few gentlemen here that get
along without bee-veils but if they wanted to follow some of
us all day among the bees and not flinch, stay right with it,
they will wish they had a bee-veil, unless they are absolutely
proof against the sting, and there are very few that are.
When you have a bee-veil you don't have to wear it all the
time, but you have it at hand so that you can wear it if you
have to.

Dr. Miller — I may say in regard to that, that there arc
men who do not use a bee-veil at all. There was one of them
went in one of my apiaries ; he went around with me with
a smoker and he said, "They will never sting me; there is
no need for me to wear a veil." And he kept that smoke going
all the while, so I couldn't have any use of the smoker. I
won't give you the man's name because I am afraid it might
hurt the feelings of his son Ernest. [Laughter.]

Mr. Whitney— There was a friend of mine who said he
didn't need a veil. He was extracting a great deal of honey.
He sold the honey around through the community. I didn't
know anything about bees then, and he invited me into the
yard where he was taking off some frames ; and he said,
"Thev never sting an honest man." I went in and stood
around the hive and pretty soon a bee struck him right over
the moutli. I said, "I guess you're right." [Laughter.]

Mr. Moore — If any one really wants to handle bees with-
out a veil he can do it. I have been engaged in marketing
honey in Chicago, and for the sake of advertising I have done
a great many outlandish things. I have attempted to go into
my own hives and other peoples' without the bee-veil. The
past summer I didn't carry a veil with me except on one or
two days. I opened the hive without smoke. But I want to
tell you right now, I got stung on one occasion twelve or
fifteen times because not wearing a veil. If you are so
patriotic, all right ; but as a rule it pays to have a veil.

Mr. Whitney — A friend of mine in Ohio has been able to
handle his bees without a veil for years. At one time he
thought he would look into one hive and he took off the cover,
and they came out. He backed up and held uo his hands
and they still came. He turned around and ran down the
outside cellar-way and shut the trap-door, and he was stung
so badly he fainted away and was sick for three weeks. Since
then he hasn't been able to handle bees at all. A lady friend
said, "I always use a veil; never go into the yard without
one."

"shook" or "shaken" swarm.

"Is it better to sav "shook swarm" or "shaken swarm?"
Mr. Root— If Dr. Miller wasn't here I would say "shaken
rms," but in his presence I always say, "shook swarms,"

swarm

Pres. York — I think we would better refer that to Mr.
Hutchinson.

Mr. Hutchinson — I agree with ]\lr. Root on that ques-
tion.

Dr. Miller — It that thing is entirely to spite me, I am
going to say a word about it. I am very glad of an oppor-
tunity to say a word in favor of having people at large under-
stand that bee-keepers are not a lot of ignoramuses. I have
felt mortified at the use of that word as a violation of com-
mon English, that a teacher in any one of our public schools
would know better than to countenance. If either of these
good brethren who have such a vicious feeling towards me
can give me any possible reason why the word "shook" is
any better than the word "shaken," they can give me some-
thing I have never had yet. The word "shook" expresses
something to me a little stronger than the word "shaken."
When Mr. Root told me that, I knew that there was some-
think that had shaken loose in his brain. If they have a seat
reserved in one of these places, say in a concert, there will
be laid down a little slip and on it marked, "Taken." Do you
think I would feel any more secure of that seat if it was
markei "Took?" [Laughter]. Now, I consider this, without
any joking, of enough consequence that we should spend a
little time upon it. If there is any reason why "shook" is
better than "shaken" I would like to hear it. One is good
Enghsh, the other is bad, and it seems to me that is enough
to settle the question, unless you can give some other very
strong reason.

Mr. Dadant — In regard to this matter I think there is
a great deal in locality! [Laughter.] I am foreign born, but
when some of our Western Americans took a trip to Europe
I was with them, and I had occasion to say to an Englishman,
"Hurry up," and he said, "I suppose you mean "make haste."
Mr. Whitney — When I saw the words "shook swarm" I
thought the whole thing was wrong. What is a swarm? It
is bees in the air or in cluster. Then you can't make a shook
swarm or a shaken swarm. It is simply a colony of bees.
You can't shake them or have them swarm in the air or clus-
ter, so that it is not a swarm at all.

Mr. Wheeler — I would like to know of how much money
value this is to us. We are here to learn something. I
didn't leave my work to come here to listen to sport. I came
here to learn something about bee-keeping. Now what does
this have to do with bee-keeping?

Mr. Abbott — I used to teach school and they paid me $50
a month for teaching their children the correct use of the
English language. It must have had some value to me. But
I disagree with Dr. Miller that the use of the word shook
is not as correct as shaken. This is simply the invention of
a new condition of things, and new conditions of things are
creating words and phrases every day in America. I suppose
I could mention 50 that have been created within the last few
years. It is just as proper to apply "shook'' to a new condi-
tion of things as "shaken;" and the words got into Dr. Mil-
ler's dictionary that way.

Pres. York — This is one of the questions for diversion.
Now we will go on to something more solid. '

Mr. Wheeler — We have editors, such as Mr. Hutchinson ;
leave such things to him. We don't want to spend our time
here to-day on that. He will put that word in just as he
pleases when he gets home, anyway.

ADVANTAGE OF SHOOK SWARMING.

"What is the advantage of shook swarming?"

Mr. Hutchinson — I suppose primarily that the principaf
advantage of this shook swarming is that we are able to have
the work gone on with without being there to see to it. We
forestall swarming. We make preparations for the bees to
swarm and we are not there to take care of them, so instead
of that we go at it and shake them off and make the swarms
while we are there to see to it.

Pres. York — What about joining the National in a body
this year?

Dr. Miller — Moved, duly seconded, that this Association
join the National in a body, at the rate of 50 cents a member.

Pres. York put the motion which, on a vote having been
taken, was declared carried.

Dr. Miller — Right in connection with the point which is
before us is tlie question of uniting with the State. If it is a
proper thing to bring tliat up now I move that this Associa-
tion, as a body, unite with the Illinois State Association, pay-
ing into its treasury 25 cents ner member.

The motion was seconded.

Au?. 3 IWS

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

551

Mr. Colburn — What is the present membership of tlie
Illinois Society?

Mr. Smith — The present membership of the Illinois Slate
Association is over 150.

Mr. Wilcox — How many bee-keepers' societies are there
in the Slate of Illinois?

Mr. York — I think there are two besides this, outsidi-
of the State organization, that is, the Northern Illinois and
the Western Illinois.

Mr. Whitney — I want to ask the Treasurer as to v. hat
effect taking 25 cents for each member joining the State
would have upon our balance in the Treasury?

Mr. Moore — There would not be enough money left in
the Treasury to support our Association if we paid out 7.j
cents on each dollar, that is, 50 cents to the National and 25
cents to the Illinois State, The actual expenditure for mem-
bership if this motion is passed, under our Constitution, will
be about $20 out of our treasury.

After a long discussion Pres. York put the motion that
this Association join the Illinois State Association in a body
by paying 25 cents a member, which, on a vote having been
taken, was declared carried. The necessary amount to pay
same was secured by passing the hat.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

The President appointed as tellers Messrs. Fluegge, Jncob
and Dadant. Ballots were taken and the officers were all
re-elected as follows: President, George W. York; Vice-
President, Mrs. N. L. Stow ; and Secretary-Treasurer, Her-
man F. Moore.

queen's wing and LEG GROWING.

"Does a queen's wing ever grow again after being
clipped?"

Dr. Miller— No.

Mr. Criggs — Does a queen's leg ever grow where a leg
has been pulled out?

Dr. Miller— No.

Mr. Criggs — I was clipping a queen's wing one time with
gloves on, and I didn't have a very steady hand, and in some
way pulled off one of the large legs right to the bottom. I was
sorry at the time, but I thought they had so much brood and
eggs they could rear another queen. However, I kept c'ose
watch and they didn't rear another queen to take her place,
but this queen in the course of another two weeks had another
leg.

Mr. Wilcox — Did her progeny have a missing leg, too?
[Laughter.]

Mr. Criggs — I didn't find any that did.

Dr. Miller — I would rather believe a clipped queen got
into that hive from another hive than to believe the wings or
leg would grow on again. That has sometimes happened. A
clipped queen has gone from one hive into another.

Mr. Criggs — I should say not. This was a pure Italian
queen and all the other queens within two rods were dark.
I had only half a dozen Italian queens in the whole apiary
of about fiO or 80 colonies ; the rest were all dark bees.

Mr. Whitney — Was that a queen of your own rearing?

Mr. Criggs — No.

OUTDOOR WINTERING OF BEES.

"In outdoor wintering is water running out of the en-
trance of the hive an indication of poor winlfin" •"

Mr. Wilcox — I should say not, but it indicates poor prep-
aration for wintering. There ought to be absorption enough
so that it wouldn't condense and accumulate.

Mr. Snell — That has been my experience. If the ventila-
tion is proper, and the preparation is proper for wintering,
there will be no water running out from the entrance.

STARTING WITH BEES.

"Tell a few good ways for beginners to get a start iii
bees and a first-class experience at one and the same time."

Dr. Mdler — Buy a colony of bees, buy a bee-book, or
several of them, and subscribe for a bee-paper, or several of
them, and then go on and get your experience.

Pres. York — I noticed that the Doctor didn't say he could
buy his experience, too.

Dr. Miller — He will buy it and pay for it.

EFFECT OF MARKET REPORTS ON HONEY PRICES.

"What effect has market reports on the price of honey .■""
Mr. Burnett — I don't know that I ought to answer or en-
deavor to answer that question. I make some market repor'

What effect it has, has to be problematic. I think, however, it
is in general alignment with all other reports on prices. Peo-
ple are guided by what they find to be a price in a certain
market. It gives you an idea of what goods can be obtained
for there. It is also a guide for those seeking a market.
I should think it had a good deal to do as a matter of fact
with the general business of the country.

Mr. Colburn — I am a resident of Chicago and I asked
that question because I wanted to find out if there is any dif-
ference, or if it had any appreciable effect ; and the reason
I asked it is, I have been on South Water Street a good
many times and I always found on enquiring there that the
prices of honey were invariably greater than these market
reports give us to understand. Why that is so I don't just
know. I think I know the South Water Street houses pretty
well. I was a grocer here in Chicago for a number of years
and went all around the streets with my market wagon on
every day in the summer, and every other day in the winter,
and I found things down there were quite peculiar. This fall
I examined up and down the street on one or two days and
I found at that time five different firms reported honey as
selling at 15 cents a pound in one-pound sections. At that
time our market quotations — the nearest was within seven
days — gave us prices at 12 to 14 cents. This is what I don't
understand, and I want to understand it. Every bee-keeper
within 300 miles of Chicago who sends his honey here, if he
takes these papers, naturally is enquiring and looking at these
reports, and these reports ought to be reasonably accurate.
At the stock yards, with which I was familiar for a number of
years, the market reports give the actual sales as they are.
They don't say, "We quote so and so." They say, "Armour
bought so and so, such and such a kind of stock, and it sold
for so much." I think our market reports ought to be under
the control of this Association, on account of the fact that
there is such an apparent discrepancy between the reports in
the papers and the actual condition on the street. We as
individuals who are bee-keepers are interested in having prices
at a reasonable figure, and we don't want any market reports
which show the prices of honey to be less than it is generally
sold at. Whether they are, or not, I can't say, but I think
they are. In every investigation I have made I have in-
variably found a difference of one or two cents in the reported
price of the honey from the price on the street. In the quo-
tation from Milwaukee it is from one to two cents higher than
the Chicago market, and yet Milwaukee is 200 miles nearer the
great center of honey-production than we are. I brought this
up because I think the bee-keepers will lose two cents a
pound on every pound they send to Chicago unless they get
straight market reports.

Mr. Wilcox — The question is. What effect do market re-
ports have on the honey market? If they be timely and truth-
ful they tend to steady the market, to prevent fluctuations,
and are highly profitable to all.

Mr. Moore — There isn't any use in allowing any preju-
dice to enter into the discussion of these questions. I know
a good many people think that all lawyers are thieves, and all
commission men in the same class. They are very much like
the rest of us : they are all honest and all dishonest. But
according to Mr. Colburn's own statement there is no dis-
crepancy. He said the market report gave 12 to 14 cents.
Twelve meant the lower grade, 14 meant the highest grade.
Understand that those quotations mean some considerable
sale. You go along and ask a man what is the price and he
says 15 cents. He thinks, to look at you at first, you are a
suburbanite, come to carry honey home under your arm. If
you say, "Here, I want five or ten cases," he gives it at 14
cents, according to the quotation that you say was quoted.
There are different circumstances. Quantity and quality of
purchase make a difference as to quotations, as you state it,
and are .fair.

Mr. Burnett — As to difference. I would like to have him
change the word invariable to variable. It seems to me it is
hardly fair that it should be invariably higher than the quota-
tions. As a matter of fact we all know that is not the fact.
That buying honey, as he buys it — perhaps he met a man who
buys from the receivers. The majority of the houses on
South Water Street that sell honey in a small way or keep a
few cases, buy it from some of t' e receivers, and they need
to get a cent a pound as a mare'n over and above what they
pay. The purpose, as I have uiidi rstood for many years, of
market reports, is to give as nearly as may be the actual value
of honey sold as received. A lot "i honey sold consisting of
25 or 100 or 1,000 cases is the price that the purchaser must
be guided by. Allow him to sen 1 the honey here and get a
cent a pound less than the quotations are for that gradi; of

552

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 190S

honey, he feels that he has not had the market value for it.
So that it is not fair to any one to say that it is invariably so,
but that it does vary is a fact.

Mr. Fluegge — I find the market quotations in Chicago
givjn cut as nearly correct as they possibly can be. I visited
a number of grocerymen and they informed me that the prices
they paid for first-class honey were 14 cents a pound, and that
is comb honey. That is what the quotations are now. I have
been watching it for several years and there is very little
difference between what the grocerymen say and what the
Quotations are, so I think they are as nearly correct as we can
get them from that standpoint.

HORIZONTAL WIRING OF COMB-FOUNDATION.

"Can brood-frames filled with full sheets of foundation
be wired horizontally in a manner that will prevent buckling?"

Mr. Dadant — If we wire foundation at all, I believe as a
general thing those who do wire put their first wire too low.
The weight is at the top — the pull is on the top story; the
cells are nearest to the top of the frame and the first wire
should be put very close to the top, within an inch. When
you come to the bottom of the frame, those who have handled
foundation for years, know that those cells are hardly ever
stretched, and there is no need of wiring below the middle of
the frame. If you put one wire at the middle and the other
two above, you will have better success than if you put the
wires within your space in the frame.

Dr. Miller — I would like to ask Mr. Dadant a question I
think germane to the subject. In those, do you suppose that
the wires are taut or slack?

Mr. Dadant — It would be better for the wires to be taut
if they are pressed into the foundation. A slack wire is only
supposed to follow the wax if it settles. The great trouble is
giving it to swarms. When full sheets of foundation are
given they sag at once before it is finished ; that is the time
when it is really more of a strain upon it than is natural
with the comb, because bees build their combs entirely at the
top before they lengthen them, but when you give them a full
sheet they will load it from the bottom, and the top has a
greater strain upon it. and I think nearly all the strain takes
place from that. I think the wire ought to be taut, but in a
great many cases it is not necessary at all if it is carefully
done to wire.

SIZE OF COLONIES OF BEES IN SPRING.

"How much brood, honey and bees should there be in a
hive in the time of fruit-bloom before putting on supers?"

Mr. Wilcox — I am confident that the answer to that will
vary according to the locality somewhat. For my part I never
put supers on during fruit-bloom. Then, the quantity of bees
cuts no figure. If there is not surplus enough coming in our
locality at that time to make a decent start, I always divide
them, if they are strong enough to bear dividing without be-
ing weak colonies, when clover opens in the middle of June.
Fruit-bloom is in the middle of May, and if there are two
bushels of bees I would divide them ; if there was one bushel
I would divide them ; if there were 10 nounds of live bees
I would divide them and give the other half a young queen,
but I would build them both up for the honey harvest the
first of July or the latter part of June. Our best honey-yield
comes in August, from wild flowers. Consequently I would
be sure, anyway, to have more bees to gather more honey
later in the season.

PREVENTION OF ROBBING DURING A HONEY-FLOW.

"What can be done to prevent bees from robbing in the
honey-flow season?"

Mr. Hutchinson — You couldn't make them rob then.

Dr. Miller — They can rob. The way to stop them is to
take away the fool bee-keeper that gets them to rob.

Pres. York— He oueht to be clipped !

EXTRACTING FROM COMBS HAVING BROOD.

"Will extracting from combs containing unsealed brood
injure the quality of the h.oney provided no brood is thrown
out?"

Mr. Wilcox — No.

Mr. Burnett — A gentleman here has the idea with regard
to that brood, that it has a tendency to sour the honey. If
there is any such thing it is important. It may be one of
those things that is an unknown quantity to us. We often
find in a consignment of honey, there are one or two packages
that will ferment, and the rest show no tendency to do so.
As dealers, and finding so many instances of that kind, we
are quite at a loss to know what is the cause of it.

Dr. Miller — I should say yes to that question ; if you had
obliged me to say yes or no just at first blush I should have
said no, but thinking more carefully over it I should say yes,
because if you put brood-frames — and by that we generally
understand combs containing brood — into an extractor you
most surely will have unripe honey in that, and when you
throw unripe honey out you are likely to injure the quality
of your honey, and that may account for the kind of honey
that Mr. Burnett is talking about.

Mr. Wilcox — I think it is terrible to throw out unripe
honey, but it does not follow just as he expressed it, surely.

Dr. Miller — Almost surely.

Mr. Dadant — I have had considerable experience in the
matter of extracting honey. I must say, in the first place,
it is not advisable to e.xtract honey from combs containing
young brood ; and in the second place I believe Dr. Miller
is right; if you do that you are extracting in the beginning of
the season and you will have thin honey. If you extract at
the end of the season from brood-combs that contain brood
and sealed honey the brood will likely be sealed also. There-
fore it is unlikely that the bee-keeper who wants good honey
will extract from brood-combs containing unsealed honey.
If it contains any he can throw it out without throwing
any brood out. Those who are expert enough can make it
in such a manner that it moved the larvse a little forward
when it was extracted and this larvje could work back
after the comb was taken back to the hive, or the bees
would take them back, and yet none of them were thrown
out. But you don't want a careless boy to turn the ex-
tractor, because a little too fast whirling will throw the
brood out, and then you have a chance for fermentation.
Although, I believe very ripe honey will not ferment even
if it has brood in it. The ancients tell us they used to
preserve bodies in honey, showing that honey will keep
things from rotting. I believe that bees and larvse will
be preserved in the honey if the honey is ripe, but if the
honey is unripe it will be sure to ferment, whether you
have dead larvje in it or not.

Mr. Wheeler — I have had a suspicion of that thing
for quite a number of years, and the more I have watched
it and studied it, the more I have made up my mind there
is a great deal in it. You not only throw out the honey,
but the food that is given to the bees, that sours the
larvffi. One has to be very careful in extracting. Another
point Mr. Dadant makes about the honey season being
at a close; we don't have such a thing around Chicago
where there is sweet clover; honey is gathered so that
they can continue to breed and have young bees at all
times. If you extract from those combs that have brood
in you must have young larvje. And then those young
bees have a liquid' they are floating in a liquid. If that
liquid is thrown out it is my impression it floats on top
of the honey and it sours and gives the smell of sourness
to the w'hole dish of honey. Yet I believe the honey
down underneath is just as sweet as it ever was.

Mr. Wilcox — You don't believe that is thrown out
without throwing out some brood?

Mr. Wheeler — That is immaterial. We do throw out
the brood. I think you throw out some of that liquid
when you don't throw out the brood.
(Continued next week.)

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and "Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Pricks, prepaid— Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for SI. 25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Amerlkanlsche Blenenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one vear — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

Aug. 3. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURftAL

553

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Outdoor Suitable Work for Women

Dear Miss Wilson: — As each week I read
the interesting chats our " Sisters " give us, I
most energetically want to "talli back," but,
like Helen Keller, my hands being my only
mode of communication, and they being
otherwise pretty luUy employed, I have been
unable to do so. However, this special cor-
ner of June 22 is too attractive to let pass, so
"here goes it."

In "Convention Proceedings" (page 439),
Mrs. Wingate speaks of the Rural New York-
er's request for suggestions in regard to pin
money for a " home-tied farm-girl 2U years
old." I noticed that paragraph, and thought
of suggesting bees, but it seemed foolish to do
so, as any country girl should not need to be
told the money-making abilities of either bees
or poultry. A girl without sufficient obser-
vation, or "get there" resources, to carve
out a lucrative line for herself in rural occu-
pations, will not usually succeed in carrying
out others' suggestions. In fact, I looked on
the inquiry as manufactured to draw out
unique, interesting and useful " pin money "
opportunities.

Our country and farm girls are too bright
and resourceful to need outside suggestions.
But, of course, there are many ways to help
" make the wheels go 'wound " that a timely
hint opens our eyes to, and which such an-
swers as the Rural New Yorker's inquiry
opened the flood-gates for, are most timely
and helpful.

Again, Mrs. Wingate's comparison between
our comfort in knowing our bees are safely
housed, and to "don waterproof and rubbers,
if they're handy, and if not march out with-
out them, to chase some half-drowned chick-
ens or turkeys that have been foolish enough
to leave their mother's wing," is most kill-
ingly true. There is simply no comparison
between the work of the two occupations, or
the expense.

A friend of mine has made a careful esti-
mate that it takes 1000 White Leghorns to
support modestly two people. The initial
expense of housing, feeding, etc., such a flock
is a serious one. And the care ! The same
party says — and I think with truth— that
there is no branch of farming, developed as a
specialty, that so employs, at its utmost ten-
sion, every faculty the human body possesses,
mental and physical.

As a rule, I think it's best not to put " all
our eggs in one basket," or to depend for our
income upon just one branch of " home in-
dustry;" but to keep some bees, and some
poultry, and some small fruit, and make each
the best of its kind possible. This gives a
variety of interests, breaks the routine and
drudgery, and insures every year a fair re-
turn and income.

Now concerning women managing bees
alone, " I hae me doots " as to its being prac-
ticable for the " average American woman."
And this because housekeeping, (which in-
cludes " Bar le Due Preserves," and such
like, I suppose, which seems to me a simply
(Iremlful undertaking!), serving, social and
church duties pretty well " tuckers them out,"
and they haven't much energy to lug around
honey and manipulate bees. Of course, 5 or
10 colonies is a quite different matter, but
take 20 to 40 colonies and there is consider-
able manipulating to be done, take the sea-
son 'round.

While I can manage 80 colonies for ex-
tracted honey with a helper, my hands are too
weak to do really any very ellicient work
among the bees alone; so perhaps I am not a
fair judge of the situation. At the same
time it should be encouraging to invalid sis-
ters to know that with the help of a small
boy our returns are some years over .*S00
from our bees, and this in a rather poor sec-

tion for flora, and where prices are low for
honey — 5 to II cents being our best.

Well, "We've got a swarm!" so good by
all, and best wishes for " a big harvest for us
all this summer."

Frances E. Wheeler.

PS.— Figuratively speaking (of course), I
would like to " pat that brother on the back "
who, on page 4;hs, talks so sympathetically of
the saving of weak colonies, and gives such
useful, helpful advice. F. E. W.

Miss Wheeler knows what she is talking
about, as she keeps both bees and poultry,
and her interesting way of talking about them
makes one wish one could be clad in a cloak
of invisibility and tag her around at her work
to watch her for a day.

While bee-keeping has its rosy side, the
darker side must not be supposed to go alto-
gether with the chickens. If you keep
enough bees there is many and many a time
those same " rubbers and waterproof, if you
have them handy," will be called into service;
if not, you will have to get along without
them. Even worse than working in rubbers,
with the bees in no amiable temper, and
crawling over you where you'd rather not
have them — still worse, it is to have the
weather so bad for a day or more at a time
that you can't go near the bees, and yet you
feel there's work that must be done, or things
will get into such a snarl that you'll be
swamped.

Fortunately, all tastes are not alike, and
enough will be found of varying tastes to fill
the different occupations. It would be bad if
all the sisters should take to bees, and leave
the biddies to take care of themselves.

"Essence Honey "—Another Fraud

Karo Corn Syrup is not without a competi-
tor as being better than honey. The writer
received a circular laying before the public
the discovery of " 3 flavors that will gain you
fame;" "their equals unknown to science."
One of them attracted attention at once, being
thus described :

" Far Ahead and Cheaper than Fresh
Honey. Essence Honey. ?10 per gallon.
Nothing like it in the world for candies, arti-
ficial honey, liquors, etc."

With visions of "fame "to be gained by
the use of this wonderful discovery, as well
as a fortune to be acquired by supplying the
market with a superior article of honey, in-
quiry was made for full particulars as to how
this " far ahead " honey was to be made. The
reply was as follows:

"Dear Madam:— Take 80 percent glucose
and 20 percent rock candy syrup ; after mixing
this then mix 2 ozs. Ess. Honey to every 100
lbs. Color with yellow to suit yourself."

There you have it, sisters. No longer any
need to endure stings and hot suns. Make
honey winter as well as summer. No failure
of seasons. No danger of overstocking. No
one who has ever had a good taste of glucose,
with its lingering taste reminding one of an
old brass spoon, would be willing to go back
to the behiad-the-times article got together
by the bees !

In one respect the directions are a trifle
vague; "Color with yellow to suit yourself."
But that gives room for original experiment,
and you can only tell what " suits yourself"
by trying successively carrots, chrome yellow,
aniline dyes. etc. There is a possibility of
improvement also by varying the proportions
of the ingredients. So large a portion of
rock candy syrup (of course granulated sugar
would not do at all) must have a weakening
effect upon the delicious flavor of the glucose.
Why not make it 99 percent glucose and 1
percent rock candy syrup?

/T

=\

K

irir. :^a5ty 5 aftcrtl^oucjt^ts

=/

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

extracting small quantities of wax.

■ I can bear witness that for neat and con-
venient extracting of small charges of wax a
kink in the plan given by Robert West is ex-
cellent. Press all the refuse down with a per-
forated follower, and let the whole establish-
ment get cold before removing the wax.
Mine was a much smaller arrangement than
his, and I used it very diligently and often.
Not been used lately. Page 443.

sawing off things with swarms.

Comrade J. Kimball, it seems, felt com-
pelled to pull up an evergreen-tree to get the
swarm clustered upon it. If he keeps on he'll
yet be compelled to saw off the leg of a sleep-
ing man for the same reason. Page 423.

feeding bees — 3AGB FAILED TO BLOOM.

It appears that in famine time, in a mild
climate, careful tucding of each colony indi-
vidually saves practically all the colonies,
while open-air feeding, much less work, still
lets quite a percent of them perish — looking
in fact like a case of not energy enough to
get out and appropriate the feed. The demise
of a thoroughly worthless colony may be con-
sidered as some gain as well as some loss : but
a salve of that kind is hardly strong enough
to cure the sore when the loss is .50 colonies
out of 200. Think I should want to try a
compromise system. Of course, the colonies
that need least will get most; but with per-
fectly and easily movable frames all around
it ought not to b<- i hard job to exchange a
few frames betw • ■- the feeble folk and the

bloated bondholders. Then, after a time (in
the style of the Irish communist) , " faith, and
we'll divide agin."

And Mr. Dayton furnishes us another case
of the ever-occurring unexpected, in that sage
(never known to do so before) entirely failed
to bloom last year. Queer. And yet a well-
marked member of the numerous family that
Mr. C^ueer, the cousin of Adam, has sent
down to us. Page 422.

QUEENLESS BEES PERSECUTING VIRGINS.

Doolittle also accuses queenless bees with
persecuting caged young virgins. And bees
with a queen he finds much inclined to the
same trick. Avoid the whole thing as much
as you well can. Page 421.

FROF. EATON'S HONEY DEFINITIONS.

I think Prof. Eaton's honey definitions to
be exceedingly good ones, and hardly have
any suggestions to make. Page 419.

KEEl'lNG QUALITIES OF HONEY.

Glad to see we are getting to the truth
about the l)ehavior of honey when kept for
considerable periods. The tiresome falsehood
usually loli: in the past about honey "just as
good as ever. " shows signs of playing out.
" Good riditanee " to it I Page 419.

HI IK.-. FOR BEE-ASSOCIATIONS.

I am nut rnre it would be advisable for us
to adopt :Ik- Australian rules for our associa-
tions; but I' ■: quite sure it will do us good
to co?t^id(r t!iat men of the same race and

554

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 190S

general objects as ourselves have found such
rules advisable. Those whose interest in us
is mainly in shearing us are sometioies favored
too much — and also they might be proscribed
too severely. Page 420.

THE " CLOISTERING HIVE" IN WINTER.

Mr. Dadant is right, that in our climate it
is better to let winter bees fly when they can
<and suffer real losses from chilling and snow-
shine) rather than to try to restrain them of
their liberty. Nevertheless the Cloistering
Hive is interesting. It should do us some
good to study up the ingenious devices of our
fellow craftsmen of other lands. Giving bees
air through perforated tubes darkened at the
ends is a nice way. I'm not sure but some of
our manipulations might borrow it. A lot of
hollow weed-stems not quite large enough for
bees to crawl through is also an ingenious air-
supply when hives are to be closed in with
cow-dung. Why cow-dung instead of mud?
Mud, when perfectly dry, is a tolerably good
bee-wall; but it reabsorbs water too easily.
Every rain maljes it wet. Cow-dung, when it
does get dry once, resists water nearly as well
as a board, and being lighter than a board, it
holds more air, and is probably warmer.

Having such a nice arrangement for shut-
ting bees in might very easily make the bee-
keeper a hobbyist on that subject — be shutting
them in at odd times all summer. And here's
a question possibly profitable for our experts
to butt their heads against; Would frequent
shutting in through the summer get them so
habituated to confinement that the winter's
shutting in would do little or no harm? I'll
venture the guess that most colonies (not all)
could have their restlessness greatly mitigated
that way — but not entirely cured probably.
Page 40.5.

Reports anb
(fxpertcnces

Prospects Poof in Colorado

The first crop of alfalfa has been cut, and
although bees are very strong not a pound of
comb honey has been produced. Many bees
are starving, and many are trying to rob those
that are weak. It looks now as if the price
of honey would solve itself, though I am sorry
to see things in their present condition.

The weather has not been favorable for the
secretion of nectar. It has been cool and
quite windy, with very cold nights. Grass-
hoppers are playing havoc with the sweet
clover. I have but little hope now of a
honey crop. W. S. Bbvbrlin.

i; Delta Co., Colo., July 7.

Good Yield from One Colony

I have 80 colonies of bees, 40 at one yard

and 40 at another. I took 46 pounds in 13

days from one hive while it was rainy

weather. I havedoubled up my colonies now.

.John Gerthoffer.

Onondaga Co., N. Y., July 21.

A Peculiar Honey Season

The present honey season is in more than
one respect a peculiar one. The copious rains
during the first 3 months of the year produced
an extraordinary growth of shrubs and
bushes, at the same time causing great hopes
for an unusually large honey-crop to spring
up in the hearts of our bee-keepers. The
honey-How from black sage started in with
full force, and in years there had not been
seen such a glorious bloom of this wonderful
honey-producing plant. Those bees that
were in good condition (having been fed as
late as March) profited well and carried in
considerable honey, which, it must be said,
was of rather thin quality. Unfortunately
the weather was not very favorable— too cold,
and dry fogs prevailing, and preventing the
bees from making wax. Soon reports came,
that in general the hives were honey-bound,
that the bees were loafing, and it was rather

difficult to start them to working in the
supers for comb honey. This state of things
lasted all through the months of May and
June, and thus it happened that not so much
extracted honey, and still far less comb
honey, was produced than might have been
the case. The swarming-fever started in
rather late, but when they began to swarm
rather large swarms were cast off, and many
an apiarist has more than doubled his number
of colonies.

This mouth, up to date, we have had only B
bright mornings; also a few rather hot days,
the temperature running up as high as 100"
F. When the black sage stopped blooming —
which was sooner than expected — there was a
lull for over 14 days, when the bees became
rather cross and difficult to handle. White
sage bloomed all right, though not so well as
desirable. At present the bees are working
hard on sumac.

We therefore might say that the present
honey-crop, though by no means as large as
anticipated, will still be above a medium
average ; that is, as far as extracted honey is
concerned, while it will be far below half in
comb honey. Max Boelte.

San Diego Co., Calif., July 1".

Clover Crop Cut Short

I have 40 colonies of brown bees. It was
so dry here during June that the white clover
crop was cut short. Bees are at a standstill

now. E, G. GUTHREY.

Saline Co., Mo., July 3.

Splendid Work of One Colony

I started last spring with one colony of
bees, it having wintered well, and in April I
bought one colony of 3-banded Italian bees,
which did well. It cast a swarm the forepart
of May, and the swarm filled 10 Danzenbaker
brood-frames and 28 sections, and the old
colony filled 36, making 64 in all. This they
did in about 4 weeks, when the honey-flow
was cut short on account of dry weather. But
the recent rains have brought white clover
into bloom again, and bees are going to work
on it once more. I use the Danzenbaker hive
and sections. Fred W. Maneke.

Madison Co., 111., July 20.

Roeky Mountain Bee-Plants and a
Mint

I send samples of Rocky Mountain Bee-
Plant (white and purple), also what I think
is a species of mint. I would like to know
what the name is. W. O, Darnell.

Weld Co., Colo., July 8.

[We are glad to get samples of the Rocky
Mountain Bee-Plant from its native home.
The plant grows as far east as Illinois, but
Prof. Cook, in " The Bee-Keepers' Guide,"
says it does not promise much for bee-keepers
in the East. The other sample belongs to the
Mint family, but has no common name except
the ciliated Blephilia, which comes from the
scientific name Blephilia ciliata. The whole
mint family is famous for the fine-flavored
honey which the bees get from it.— C. L.
Walton.]

Odors of Queens

I think any one with experience will agree
with A. C. Miller, page 453, in regard to the
reception of an alien, whether a queen or not,
but will not agree with him on the odor
theory. Why will the bees cluster on a cage
that a laying queen has been in, it there is no
odor? Why will they sometimes ball her
when she has been handled? Two different
odors — one pleases, the other makes them
angry. I think there are two sure indications
that odor is one of the principal factors in
introducing. Where hives set close together
bees irill intermingle, and I think nearly every
one laden with honey, or a very young bee,
will mix with other colonies unmolested.

It you walk into a strange boarding-house
and put down f 10 for a week's board in ad-

vance, I think you would meet with as warm
a reception as the little bee does with her
pockets full, or the little infant that strays to
the wrong door. They may have a full house,
but will try to accommodate you somehow;
it is so with the bee.

Give the queen plenty of time to acquire
the scent of the hive, then let her in with as
little disturbance as possible, is about the
safest way. A. W. Tates.

Hartford Co., Conn., July 3.

Short Season for Bees

Bees are doing fairly well now on white
clover. The season will be short on account
of excessive cold and rain.

C. R. Bridgman.

Lafayette Co., Wis., July 15.

Rains Injure the Honey Crop

We had an unusual amount of rain all win-
ter and spring, and a good crop of blasted
hopes in lieu of the big crop of mesqulte and
catclaw honey we were looking for. We gen-
erally get a second bloom of both in July, and
hope to have it this season.

S. N. SALSBnRT.

Cochise Co., Ariz., .luly 15.

Poor Weather for Honey Crop

We have had 5 days of good weather for
bees to work (the last 5 days), and another
good day to-day. Most of my colonies have
2 supers on. I have not taken off any honey
to amount to anything yet. Cold nights and
rainy weather have lost us 3 weeks of time.
Our white clover has been a wonderful crop.
Lisle Schneider.

Delaware Co., Iowa, July 18.

Prospects for a Good Honey Crop

Basswood is budding out nicely, and the
fields and pastures are entirely covered with
white clover bloom, so if the weather keeps
favorable we will have a good honey crop.
Heretofore it has been very unfavorable. It
has been raining more or less nearly every
day for the last 4 weeks.

C. O. Behostrand.

Polk Co., Wis., July 3.

Scarlet Sumac

What is the tree, a sample of which I en-
close? It has clusters of blossoms from 3 to 0
inches across, and the berries are red and bit-
ter when ripe. Is it a honey-tree?

Nathan Pulsifbr.

Aroostook Co., Maine, July 17.

[The tree or shrub is the Scarlet Sumac,
Rhusglabra, the common name coming from
the cluster of scarlet berries appearing in the
late summer. All the sumacs are classed with
the honey-producing plants.— C. L. Walton.]

Foul

Poor Yield from White Clover-
Brood

A good many bee-keepers are located along
the Mississippi River bottoms. The principal
sources of honey are clover, heartsease, and
Spanish-needle. White clover has been very
plentiful, but the weather has been too cold
and wet for a good honey-flow, and the yield
will hardly average 25 pounds of surplus
comb honey per colony.

Foul brood has secured a good foothold
here, many yards being badly affected before
the owners were aware of its presence. It
took about 125 colonies from me in 2 years —
nearly all — but I have now built up to 116
colonies, all clean and doing nicely, thanks to
State Inspector Smith, who visited us last
year. Mr. Smith also called July 1. He found
a great change for the better in my yard.

The next day I accompanied him, as pilot,
and we visited nearly all the bee-keepers about
Fulton and Albany. We found foul brood
in every apiary but one. Some yards were in
pretty bad condition, but their owners will
try hard to head off the disease fcllowing Mr.

Aug. 3. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

555

Smith's directions, and we hope to malte this
section of country once more a prosperous
place to l<eep bees.

I have tried to do some work among the
bee-l<eepers here, and while 1 find nearly all
of them willing to try to stamp out the dis-
ease, I also find a few old-timers who don't
believe there is any such disease, or they say,
" It will all disappear when a good honey-flow
comes; I don't believe it is conlagious," and
make no effort to prevent its spread. In fact,
they leave old, diseased combs exposed for
the other bees to clean out. I found one old
bee-keeper who would not let me look into a
a hive in his yard of 60 colonies; he said they
were working all right, and that was all he
cared for.

How I would like to see a law passed that
would bring such men to time — teach them
that this is not a country in which each one
lives for himself alone.

The progressive bee-keepers must keep up
the fight for a good law, and some time Illi-
nois will be classed among the States having
a good compulsory law.

Our outlook (or a crop of fall honey is
good, W, G. Lawkence.

Whiteside Co., III., Jnly 13.

Light Honey Crop

The honey crop in this locality is only
about half of what it was last year. The
weather was too cold, and the clover season
is about over. It is possible, but not prob-
able, that we will get a light fall crop.

Henrt a. Wyman.

Kewaunee Co., Wis., July 17.

I

White Honey Almost a Failure

I think the bee-keepers of this part of the
State at least are suitable subjects for the
" blasted hopes "column, as our white honey
crop is nearly an entire failure, owing to the
almost continuous rains and cloudy weather
during the period of clover bloom.

Clover never promised better. There was a
very rank, thick growth of it, and between
showers it smelled very sweet, and bees
worked lively on it, but for only a few hours
or a day at a time, when they would be shut
in by another rain, and consume a good part,
no doubt, of what little they had just gath-
ered. The result is that our supers are from
partly-filled to empty. Those run for ex-
tracted honey did a little better, but not much.

There was a little basswood bloom, and bees
got merely a taste from that. Now we hope
our bees will get enough fall honey for win-
ter stores, at least. We have bad but little
surplus from this source for several years,
whereas usually we used to get much more
darb>than white honey.

In answer to Dr. Miller's request, I will say
that several times I have set one colony over
another with an excluder between, with good
success.

In one of my upper extracting stories with
an excluder below, we found an egg in a
queen-cell at two different times, and there
had been no brood reared from below where
the queen was for a week or more. The eggs
must have been brought up from below. Is
this a common occurrence or very rare;

I have been wanting to get a crop of honey
that would warrant me in attending the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, and
thought when San Antonio was selected as
the place for the next meeting, I must attend
if possible, and meet face to face some of the
veterans an J larger honey-producers, most of
whom I know only by tbeir writings in the
bee-papers. Also to look over some of the
great State of Texas, which I hurriedly passed
through 23 years ago. B. T. Davenport.

Green Lake Co., Wis., July 22.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National.— The International Fair is to be
held Jin San Antonio, Tex , Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. Wheu this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 60U or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these

facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, and continue three
day a.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be a* the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer. long souud ot a), corner of Houston
and Jefferson Sts., and rates are only .*1.00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Be.\ar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, .SVc.

Missouri.— T lie Missouri Stale Bee Keepers'
Assocfaiioa will meet in Sedalia, Aug. 21 and
23, opening session to be at 2:.10 p.m , Aug. 2J.
Tbe room lo meet in will be named later on.
The Stale Fair meeting there at the same time
will obtain low railroad rates from all parts of
the State. The Livestock Association also meet-
ing there on ihe 24th will give us some inspira-
tion. Hon. Geo. B. Ellis. Secretary of the Agri-
cultural department, will be there and give a
talk and lend a helping hand. Louis A. Osborn,
of ihat place, has kindly offered lo act as host,
and win direct. to the place of meeting and to
accommoda' ion. Hotel accommodations can be
had at tl to $2 a day. Private boarding cheaper.
Let us turn out en masse and have a glorious
time a? well as to effect some extraordinary
progress. W. T. Cary, Sec.

The STANDARD-BRED kind. Untested, 75 cents each; 3 for $2.10;
or 6 for $4 00. They give satisfaction. Or the American Bee Journal
for a year and a Queen for SI. SO. Here are some unsolicited testimo-
nials from those who have had our Queens :

V\Zhat They Say of Our Queens

Geokge W. York & Co.

After importing queens for 15 years, you have sent me the best.

She keeps fli;

Langstrolh frames fully occupied to date, and although I kept ttie hive well con
traded to force them to swarm, they have never built a queen-cell, and will put ut

100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada, July 32, 190.5.

Chas. Mitchell.

fiEOROE W. YOKK & Co. „ ~. ;, 1. A

The two queens received of you some time ago are fine. They are good breeders,
and the workers are showing up fine. I introduced them among black bees, and the
bees are nearly yellow now and are doing good work. A. W. bWAN.

Nemaha Co., Kans., July 15, 1905.

George W. York iV: Co. ^ , . .

The queen I bought of you has proven a good one, and has given me some of

my best colonies. N. F. OGLesbt.

Washington Co., Va., July 22, 190o.

I

I

I

Georoe W. York & Co.

The queen received of you a few days ago came
through O. K., and I want to say she is a beauty. I
inunediately introduced her into a colony which had
lnun queenless for 20 days. She was accepted by them,
un.l has gone to work nicely. I am highly pleased with
ht-r and your promptness in filling my order. My father,
who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced her very fine.
Vou will hear from me again when I am in need ot some-
ihlng in the bee line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., 111., July 13, 1905.

An Untested Italian Queen-Bee
FREE as a Premium

= For Sending One New Subscriber =

for the American Bee Journal tor a year with ?;1.00.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fiiie Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian ( 'ueen to the person who complies with tbe following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed :

I. The seuder of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advanc*' at least to the end of this year.

2 Sending vour own name with .«1.00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle yoii
to a tiueen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, an.l the new subscriber must be a MKW subscriber; vvhich ineans
further that llii- new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at least
not for a whole vtar previous to his name being sent in as a new one; and, also, tne
new subscriber' must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being laKon.

We think ».■ have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
be made. Our Iremium Queens are too valuable to throu away— they must be
earned in a li-itimate way. They are worth working lor.

Address all .'idersto .^„., ~ ,-n

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Stfeet, CHICAGO, ILL.

556

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3. 1905

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for SI .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
DC work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL .

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

DOOLITTLE'S

Partner telling his
best girl about the
fine

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one ol their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

llDtf Borodloo, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee journal -when ^Tltmy

Hand.^ Comb Foundation Mills

Honey Olassware

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

^.I'-lb. and 1-lb. Octagon Xlp-Xop tilass
Honey-Jars. Prices: 5j-pounds, $4.50a
gross; 3 gross for $13. 1-lb., 1 gross, $5.25;
3 gross for §14.50. Address,

YORK HONEY ''^^p^^^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mentioiL Bee Stomal wnen "wrltlafr

BEE-BOOKS

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on tbe other side.

(This Cnx is the itJi.L Size of the Knifb.]

Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say Inst what name and
address you wish put on the Knite,

Tbe Novelty Knife is indeed a noTelty. The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Qaeen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The {Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish ti the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

I Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it ; but if the " Novelty ** is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so fot
tunate as to have one of the ''Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will ^erve as an identifier; and ii.
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento conld a mothet
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladT to a gentleman, the knife havinf
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompa!! = 'uir cu< gives a faint idea, but cannot f nlly convey an exact representation of
thislbeautiful knife, a< iiy " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Qet this '.aluable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to th«
one sending nsiHRi jl .new scbscribeks to the Bee Journal (with$.^'W.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO. Chicago. Ul

49'Pleas* allot' ^bont two weeks for your knife order to be BlleO.

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This I'ook contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; It is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 113 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Tear Among the Bees," but that little worlc
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, $1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual oi the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly praca-
cal and scientific. It contains a lull delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 395 Ulustrations. Bound in cloth.
19lh thousand. Price, *1.20.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant.— This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relatmg to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

AB C of Bee-CiUttire, by A. I. & E. B.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.30

• „

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
'jound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchtnson.— The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Knltur, by Thomas G. Newman.
This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, lor 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

—Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

"Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce.— Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

WANTED ^ ^

500 Colonies ox Beco to run on bhares in South-
west Texas— that great honey couniry. Per-
sonal attention. M. H. HYDE
31t)2t 111 Fourth St., san Anto.mo, Tex.

Aug. 3. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

557

Here is thi^ Best of All

The Modern Farmer . .$ .50
Agricultural Epitomist .25
Green's Fruit Grower . .50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings 1.00

2.50

AU for an even $1.00. Without Glean-
ings, SO cents.

THE nODERN FARHER,

ST. JOSEPH, MO.
•t^ease tdftuaon Bee JoTrrr-aj "orixeu wntmfe

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERT

Read what J. I. ParknTjOI
' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
, cut with one of your Com-
' bined Machines, last winter-
50 chatf hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a Erreat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
" it with this Saw. It will do all
TOtt say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. cS John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE
OF PHRENOLOGY

Incorporated 1866 by Special Act of the New
York Legislature, opens its next session the
first Wednesday in September. For particu-
lars apply to the Secretary, care of

FOWLER & WELLS CO.

24 East 22d Street, New York, N.Y.
27C2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Queens

FOR SALE

In all their purity, at the following prices:
Untested (Red Clover) T5c: Tested, *1.25;
Breeder, ¥5 00.

ELDON WOODflRD

ASHVILLE, Chautauqua Co., N. Y.

27Ctf (Route 66)

SUiDDlno-Gases poIaVl

Made of Michigan white pine; 24-lb.,$13;
13-Ib., ?S; 20-lb. Danzy, $11 per lOO; less than
100 lots, }4c more each; 3-in. glass, Ic each
more; No. 1 Sections, $4; No. 2, *3.50 per
1000. All kinds of Supplies kept in stock.
Send for list. W. ». S«»I»KR.

Rural Route 3, JACKSON, MiCH.

27Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

40-Page Catalog Free !
FulMnformation regarding all kinds of BBB-
KBBPBKS' SUPPLIES. Best KOude. Latest im-
provements. Danzenbaber Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John Nebel, & 8oN Supply
CO.. ifit'h llill. Mo. 3Dtf *

ITALIAN QUEENS^

Untested Gbo SI. 75 S3.00

Tested 90c 2.40 4.50

Safe arrival guaranteed.
JOHN LEININQER, Ft.Jenn)n«;s,Ohio

29Dlf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

m

im.

THE DEMAND FOR p

Moore'^ Strom oi Italians I

Is greater thi« season than ever. Why? Because his FAMOUS LONG-TONGUED RED- ^

CLOVER STOCK has won a world-wide reputation for honeygatherinir, hardiness, and f^a

gentleness, iney were working so thicii on a field of red clover at haying-time that Eg;

the man who cut it was afraid to drive his horses into it to mow it. Their long tongues 5^

enable them to secure nectar beyond the reach of short.tongued bees. NgJ

Untested Queens, 75c each; six, $4; dozen, $7. £0. Select Untested, $1 each; six, $5; ^S

dozen, 19. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Descriptive circular free. (^

Address, J. P. MOORE, Rt. I, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky. ^

p. S.— I am now filling orders BY RETURN MAIL. 21Dtf ^

'-'^O^t.t^ j^'er.^io;

J Joura.^ wnt-'R 3^'j'iTir.,

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

OF

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence L,eague.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, IIL

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$50 to $1C0 per month salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Largest system of teiepraph schools in
America. Endorsed bv all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS l.N DRMAND. Ladles also ad-
mitted. Write lor Catalofi.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.

Cincinnati. O. Buflalo. N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.
Wis. Texarkana, Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention the Bee Journal

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice Killing Machine

k,iU»»llUooMd mites. Noinjurj toblrd»tjr(e»th-
eiB. Handle* »nj fowl. amfcUuBt oblok to Ifcrgest
gobbler. MsJo In three BUe». Pays for Itself «rtt
Bes«on. Aleo Lig/itnina Lien KUling Fbwdsr,
Fimltri/ Bift, Lice Murd/rr.etc. We eeoure ip«ol»l
I.JIT expreBB r*tefl. C«t»lf>f;flent free. Write for It

CHARLES SOIIILD CO.
» Frunkl'ort Ht. Cleveland, OUO

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

We are

Manuiacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS-HIVES-AND EVERY-
THING- FOR THE BEE-KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments.^ Low Prices.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

■147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, niNNEAPOLIS, MINN.

j H0a36 Qkentloii .' ao Joaru&i wUfOX wzltlnK

558

THE AMERICAN BEE JOOHNAL

Aug-. 3. 190S

Diumer's Foundation is ili6 Besi

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for jourself. 1904 output, SO percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Diltmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER. Augusta, Wis>

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

a ]■■ — DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES

ft jfC '^e carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.

(5 THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

What Adel Bees Do

E. Milton, Mass., May 27, 1905.
Send me queen same strain as the one sent
1904. That queen proved the best queen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
IS, 1905. ROBT. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are $1 each.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

;_iH «J«0'CIC-Ti **fl« ^

-Trai OOTi^X. «T

Italian Bees % Queens
FOR SALE

l-frame Nucleus with Qneen SI. 50

1 Tested Queen, ¥1.00 ; 6 for 5,00

1 Warranted Queen, T5c; 6, S3.50; 12 for 6,00
Satisfaction guaranteed. Address,
N. STAININQER, Tipton, Iowa.

30A3t t^lease mention the hec Journal.

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. ff

ourHI^V^ES and sEOTionsrs I

Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material. ^

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and 0

secure prompt shipment. S

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. us a |

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian ; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long- tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for 16.00

6 for 3.25

Ifor 60

After Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for

6 for

" Ifor

.$7.50
. 4.00
. .T5

Tested—
Each S1.50

Breeders-
Each 300

27A13t

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

Last Gall !or SHIODino-Gases I

Now, Mr. Bee-Keeper, this is the last time you will see our reminder on Ship- »

ping-Cases. We will emphasize again that we carry only goods of qualiiy. Our ^,

Cases are all made wilh one-piece covers in any width desired up to 13 inches. We ^

sell them tor Itss money than any olher house, because we can produce them g_
cheaper.

Our policy is satisiaction or money back. Write us NOW, tell us what 1

3'ou want, and we will quote you prices. A trial order is all we want. Your future '
orders will naturally come to us. (Be sure to mention width desired when writing. )

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Buildlug, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Capital City Apiary !

Fineltalmn<>^ueens

Untested, after June 15, "5c; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders — the very best, S5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. WALTER «. HOAS,

1133 Blaine Ave.. INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

6d siBai XS oi g mojj jsut puy
B I^O 00 -iSAaN I

Fat'diSiS. '8i, 'u^ & laus

OTisviLLE, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if 1 want any more smokers your new style is
^ood cnoug-h for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view tor what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive,
Tou can't have healthy, protlCabla
(owIb or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vermin and
makes sittiner hens comfortable.
Sample tOc; 100 oz.. 11.00 hy expt^sa,

o. K. STOCK rooi> CO..

D. J. Lambert, Vioe-Pres.
406 Monon BIde<i Chlcaffo. 111.

Flease mentiou Bee Journal ■w^hen ■wxitiiifi

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cool(, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention Bee jotimal when writing.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

Aug. 3, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

559

B66SUPPII6S

Guaranteed Superioritii !

LowesRnces

We have been making Bee-
Hlves, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New . . Il,LUSTR ATED . . CATAiOG

free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

Please mention l^ee Journal "When wriLlnK
IT A-LiIA-lSr

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported slock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $.65

One tested queen '^0

One select tested queen. . 1.10

One breeding queen l.o5

One comb nucleus (no

queen) 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe armal guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
nrices " • "-'^ *S* "■ ■»" "^-^ ^w*

ao4'EBSt Logan Street. CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consuU

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 SOUTH Water ST. Chicago. 111.

• The KlNa of V'-rliij. '^ Large
size, good lav erb Oi finest egps.

^«k Hardy and fearless, the best all
I^Kfpurpose fowl. Willow legs and
■'"'Bay eyes. Illustrated circular.
Ib>, 26t6 year. ' H. H. FLICK.
^ MANCHESTER, MD.

QFrom best honey-
tlC^^t^C ?alhering stock, 60c.
U^^Wlld Tested Queens, tl.OO.

J. F" m:ich-a.e:i_i

28A4t Rt. 1, WINCHBsTEK, IND.

NEW Comb Honet-Crop of 1905

We believe ii would pdy tbose having ii la car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est *-pot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods aod si vie of package; when you cau ship,
etc. We handle more ot these goods than any
other firm rii the U.S. Yours f(jr business.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

2^Atf Manzanola, Colo.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Queens NOW Readu 10 SoDDiy
Du mm Mail

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred m separate apiaries,

from selected mothers; have proven their qualities as

GREAT HONEY-GATHERERS.

i~i^iA^*-% I-f altOfl^C Have no superior, and few equals.
vJUIClCn ILdllclIld Untested, roc; 6for$4.00.

Bl Red Clover Queens

W hich left all records be-
hind in honey-gathering.
Unie&ted, 75c ; 6 for $4.
•-» • I ^^ ^ — They are so highly recommended, being

^^f*fT|iO|3^|l5 more gentle than all others. Untested, 7.5c;
6 for S4.0U.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

^oncy anb
4- Becstpax-f

Chicago, July 18 —Market is at a standstill,
partly because of the time of year when little
comb honey is consumed and partly to await
the outcome of the present harve-*t. The weath-
er is at present ideal and the flow of nectar
makes the bees hum, that hum that puts smiles
on the face of the husbandman though he be
weary. R. A. Burwbtt A Co.

Albany, N,Y.» July 26.— There is some call
for honey, new crop, and if here would proba-
bly sell for best prices of season, as the general
impression is there will be a large crop. White
comb honey will start off at iSc to early uuyers.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, July 20.— New comb honey has
made its appearance; fancy white in 24-seclion
cases selling at $2 75 per case; No.l at $2.50, and
good demand. '1 here is no new extracted iu as
yet, market on old stock being quotable at from
S@6c. Beeswax, 25@28c. C. C. clhmons & Co.

Philadelphia, July 19. — The outlook for
honey is very good. Some lots of new white
honey have already arrived and are selling in
a small way, according to grade, from 12@14c.
New extracted honey is selling: Fancy white,
6J4@7c; amber, 5!^@tp^c. Beeswax in good de-
mand at 2Sc.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Cincinnati, July 10. — We sold today at our
store new crop of fancy comb honey at 13!^c
per pound. There is still a big stock of last
season's honey on the market, that is going
beggini? at any price. Extracted honey is mov-
ing quite lively now. We sell amber in barrels
at 5'4'«<i!^c, according to quality. White clover
at T^S^^c- Bceswa.N, 26c.

The Fred W.Muth Co.

Denver, June 2'^.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enougu (f old stock on hand yet to
last until the new ciop comes in; the same is
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, $2f«'-: -0; No. 2. $l.75&$2. White
extracted, 654(S">^t; per pound. Beeswax. 26c.
The Colo. Honby-Pboducers' Assx.

New York, June 19. — The comb honey mar-
ket is very quiet acd we are hardly justified in
making quotations. :Dome few lots ate sold here
and there at I3c for i::ncy, and 10^12,; for lower

grades, but no large blocks could be moved at
these figures. There is still considerable of
last yearns, crop unsold, part of which, no doubt,
will have to be carried over until the fall. Ex-
tracted honey in fairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6i4@7c for
water-white, 'j(5i6J^c for white, and S^S^c for
light amber. Southern at SO'*? 60c per gallon
according to quality. Beeswax somewhat de-
clining; choice average stock selling at 29c.

HiLDRBTH A SbOBLKBN

Cincinnati, O., July IT. — There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is in usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, in barrels, at 5%@5Hc; in cans,
SK@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, July 1''.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, 11@— cents; amber, 8@10c. Extracted,
water-white, 5® — cents; white, 43^®—; light
amber, 4@— cents; amber, 3@3)4c; dark am-
ber, 2^@- c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27@29c; dark,25^26c.

There is now plenty of new honey of good
quality on the market, but it is moving- slowly
and prices continue weak. Prices for all grades-
of both extracted and comb honey are ruling
lower than last year, and even at the low prices
there is a tendency for stock to accumulate.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS
We have a good supply of Pure ISa!«!ii-
tvoofl Houey in (JOlb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 1 can
in a bo.x, at S cents a pound ; 2 or more cans,
boxed, at "• , cents— all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order. Siimple, by mail, 8 cents in
stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYl^u^PP^L^^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

It so, we can fill your order with the best
Qneeas iha. ai. uey can buy. Try our strain of
3-band Ita.i:tn-; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
Id per doi: Trsted Qucns, .fl each. Send for
circular. ..' W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf Loreauville, Iberia Par., La.

560

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 3, 1905

ii

TIME IS HONEY "

SO THEREFORE LOSE NO TIME IN SENDING- IN YOUR ORDER FOR

Lewis' Sections and Shipping-Cases

Established 30 Years

Twenty Big Agencies in the U. S.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BOY YOUR

BEEWARE

MAKES THE FINEST

Standard Goods Prompt Shipments

Consistent Prices

6. B. LEWIS CO.

Bee -Keepers'
Suppli-s

Watertown,Wis.

Wr)

45th Year

No. 32

562

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 10. 19C'5

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W.YORK £; COMPANY

S34 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE BTTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal ffl
$1.00 a year, in the Uniteil States, Canada, and
Mexico; all ottier countries in the Postal Union, ^u
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
endof the month to which yourt»ubscripiio ■ ispaiii.
For instance, "decoa" on your label shows thai it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, 19u4.

STTBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pHy subBcription. but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association
j8t.— To promote the interests of its members.
2cL— To protect and delcnd its members in their
lawful rlBhta. ,. .v ^ ,* . ,

3(1.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration ol
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General ManaKcr and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkanck, PlatteviUe, Wis.

t^T If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

* INCORPOKATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keet>er may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual tee of $l.n(t for each
:!0 (or fraction of 2n) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member nn the
annual payment of a tee of $io, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-kcepine.

Gkukge W. Yohk, Manager,

■Sdi Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW subscription with $l.ouforthe
Bee Journal a year. Now is the lime to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the ofBce of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain co^er, metal screw cap, holdiug one
pound of hooey net, one g^ross in case complete
in S-g-ross lots. $4.00 per g^ro«8; less quantities,
$4.50 per grn^s, I o.b. New York. If you want
to secure sume, 1«l us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 k. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Hlra^e me^'ion the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART uF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred mill
the bee-keepers of Mich.
Marquette li.R., wliie!! ■
region. Root's (ii,.;'
Prompt Servi< c {,.
for Catalog.

GEORGE h.

28A12t FR

' me are over ^{ of

a. I am on the Pare

1 lopletely covers this

~, Factory Prices,

.V Freight. Send

HILTON,

EMONT. MICH.

##

<< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

w

Root's Goods at Root's frlces

«

Everything used by Bee Keepers.

POODER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Naii

Untested Queen * .75

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tjsted Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. POUDER,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

tif^ wA:, «A« wife wA« ^Ab WAb. wA^. «'A«. «'tv. wiv. .wA*. .liAi'. .wAii. M^y. .n'A*. .«Ab. .wi*. «i«. *t>'- VAi'' .tiA>>. .wA«. .*t'w. .*%». .a'Air.

.v£! 513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

flease mention Bee Journal wtien wxitinR

Millions of Sections

B

ShlDDing-Cases^gs^DA^rN'

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee- Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
ttiincr the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Goods In Indian-
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received in the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 7Sc; Select Untested, fl.OO; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested,
$2.00.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 East Wash. Street
INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •^•^

*♦ **

N.B.— A Porter Bee-Escape, or its equivalent, FREE with first order, if yon say nhere yon saw

this ad. -,.-»^ j^.s-W.»^JJJ* ».. .* I. c rij: jj.g^ Tj._i.*v •^^■•'^lJl^^^

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$5(t to $11 0 per nionili salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. Ydu don't pay ua until you have a
position. Jjuryest system of leieKraph schools in
America. Endorsed tiy all railway ofBcials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DEMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted . Write lor Catalog.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY,

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta. Ga. LaCrosse.
Wis. Texarkana, Tex. San Francisco. Calif.

29A17t

Please mention the Bee Journal

FOR SALE

too colonies of BEES. Will trade for land
in western Kans-s.

EDWIN BEVINS, Leon, Iowa

32A2t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more
completely than any other published,

send 11.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounta to the Trade.

^ BLACK

^ •• The

rmii -

BLACK ,^RCASTC» REO

The KTNU of f'OTJltr^,

, _ "Large

size, good layers oi finest eg^s.

Hardy and fearless, tlie best all

urpose fowl. "Willow legs and

!ay eyes. Illustrated circular.

26th year.' H. H. FLICK,

MANCHESTER. MO.

Lewis' Shipping-Cases

Sections, and a
full line of
Bee-Supplies

H. M. ARND.
Mgr.

By Return Freight or Express. Send to

YORK HONEY Tvl^^y CO. Notmc

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog aud prices on |loney on application. It you want Crood tioods
at Factory Prices and Prompt S^liipnient, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Aug. 10, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

563f

u

DADANT'S POMDATION"

IT EX:OE3nL.S.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

« ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER. GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Return Mall. Safa Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.IOS1S. ONt SIX TWE

Untastad $0.75 $*.00 $7.

Salaet Unteatad 1.00 5.00 9

Tesiad 1.50 8 00 15.

Saiact Taated ■ • 2.00 10 00 18.

Select Breadera, each ■ ' $3.00

Two-trama Nueleua and Red Clover Queen 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save jon time and
freight. Beeswax Waotad for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bell Branch, Watne Co., Micb
Please mention Bee Joomal -when WTitme,

VIRGimA QUEENS lf'n?oT.:ilTT<^lfs

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
Ruperior stock obtaiued from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, T5c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHA5. KOEPPEN,

17A2(.t FREDERICKSBrRG, Va.

B6e - SUDDI16S ! I

We carry a lar^re ^tock and greatest
variety of ever.vfhinc; needed in the
Apiary, assuring bfst goods at lowest
prices, and prompt sbipmenis. We want every bee-keeper to hav^i our Free Illus-
trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives. Massie Hives, etc.
Write at once for Catalog, either English or German languai;e.

KRbTCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

AGENCIES

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnlton i Ford, darden City, Ka.csas.

Sbugrart<S: Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Lan; j

Southwestern Be; Co., 43a ^V. Houston St., San Aotoi

. Colo.
Tex.

23Atf

FINE QUEENS

By Return Hall. From my

3 and 5 banded long-tong'ued
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, TSc; untested,
60c; no disease. I guaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others aud can^
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW

F.D. No. 1. MILO, M&.

'^'fVfvt>'ft\(fy(fy'ffMf>'ffy(fyi\(f>(fy(fy(»y(f\(fy(f>'t ^MtvfMf>(fy(f>s^

! QUpN S '

g We have secured the services

M of one of the best Queen special-

Sz ists in the V. S. Over 20 years'

» experience rearing (Jueens. Our

0 Yard is stocked with select breed-

C ers from the best yards in Amer-

21^ ica, and can send Queens by re-

0 turn mail.

« Prices to Sept. 1. 1905:

0 Untested < Jueens $ .7,^

g Select I'ntested Queens .... l.oo

0 Tested (Jucens l.SO

0 Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS,

.Jl Monroe Street,
TOT./fc r)0, - OHIO.

'-'leas© m»iu''- n "lee Joomal ^vheo wTituj^

564

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 10, 1905

QUEENS

August is the time to requeen tiie apiary. It pays to
have the best possible stock. Root's Red Clover Strain is
famous the world over for its many points of excellence. A
young, vigorous queen introduced now will bring the colony
up to the best possible condition for wintering. Queens,
too, now are the cheapest, and prompt delivery is made.

■^e are in an unequalled position to fill your queen
orders. Having eleven apiaries, approximately 900 hives,
with.hundreds of Baby Nuclei, we are in condition to take
care .of all orders sent.

- Table of Prices

Regular Italian Queens

Untested queens S! 75

Select untested queens I 00

Tested queens 1 50

Select tested queens 2 50

Red-Clover and Other Strains of Italian Queens
Reared in the Root Go's Apiaries

Untested queen *1 00

Select untested queen 1 25

Tested queen 2 00

Select tested queen 3 00

Breeding queen 5 00

Select breeding queens , 7 50

Extra select breeding queens, 1 year old 10 00

Imported Queens

Fair imported queens ¥3 00

Best itJQported queens 5 00

Caucasian Queens

We can spare a limited number of imported Caucasian
queens, received direct from the best breeders in Caucasus.
Prices as follows :

Extra select Caucasian imported queens $15 00

Select Caucasian Imported queen 10 00

Extra select untested Caucasian-Italian queens,
from Caucasian mothers mated with Italian

drones 3 00

Select do 3 00

Orders filled in rotation. Delivery begins about July 15.

Prices of Nuclei

One frame nucleus, without queen 82 00

Two-frame nucleus, without queen 3 00

Three-frame nucleus, without queen 3 50

One colony of bees in S-frame Dovetailed hive, no queen 7 ^

" I received my bees and queen and I am well pleased with them.
The queen is a beauty, and the bees easy to handle. They were to
work in ten minutes after I put them in the hive." — E.T.Mills,
Ills., May 15, 1905.

"I beg to acknowledge receipt of five fine queens, and, as they got
here in good shape, beg to thank you for prompt and successful de-
livery. Without further advice, I am yours truly,

"Fbederioo Somerford, Cuba, June 13, 1905."

" I am pleased to say that the bees are doing fine. I find eggs in
every available cell. I also found the queen, and it is entirely satis-
factory."—W. H. Durst, Ohio, July 30, 1905.

Send for complete price-list

CASES

Don't allow your comb honey to be sold at low prices
on account of poor Shipping-Cases. Put your crop into
Root's No-Drip Cases, and it will reach the market in per-
fect condition and bring the highest prices. Our cases are
made of selected basswood, with 2 or 3 inch glass front,
which shows off the honey to the best possible advantage.
Below is a condensed price-list. Complete prices and par-
ticulars are found in our General Catalog. Write for it.

Shipping-Cases. .
Name and Size of Case.

12-in. 4-row for 4Jj section

10-in. 4-row '■ "

12-in. 2-row " "

10-in. 2-row " "

16-Mn. 2-row " ''

8-in. 3-row " "

6K-in. 3row " "

7)g-in. 4-row for 4x5 •'

7jJ-in. 3-row " "

9}J-in. 4-row for 3.^^x5 "

63j-in. 3-row •' "

Price complete

S 1

%

si

including 3-in.

a CO

^ o-

03

glass one side,

a o

O IB ■

■o

nails and pa-
per, in flat.

5 S-

5 -a-

«>

30

1
25

10

100

^.2£

-a

3 00

?18 00

$17 00

$16 00

30

25

2 00

17 Ot)

16 00

15 00

20

15

\ 30

11 00

10 50

10 00

20

15

1 20

10 50

10 00

9 50

25

18

1 .50

12 00

11 50

11 00

20

15

1 30

11 50

10 75

10 00

20

15

1 20

11 00

10 25

9 50

30

22

1 80

16 00

14 00

25

20

1 40

13 00

10 50

30

22

1 SO

16 00

14 00

25

20

1 40

11 50

10 00

5-Gallon Square Cans

These are the favorite packages for shipping Extracted
Honey to the market. There can be no shrinkage and con-
sequent leaking ; no taint to the honey from wood, as is so
frequently the case with kegs and barrels. The cans being
square economize space, and are easily handled. This
package is almost exclusively used in the West. They take
4th class freight-rate.

PRICE LIST OP SQCABK CANS.

Capacity of each can Price of

in gallons, in honey. 1 box. 10 bxs.

Wt. of
1 box.

10 lbs.
15 "

" The consignment of bee-material received to-day. Your prompt-
ness in filling orders is remarkable, especially when the circumstances
are considered. I am very well satisfied with the goods and your deal-
ing. I take pleasure in having introduced Root's Goods into this
neighborhood." — Rev. Wm. Enoelke, Iowa, May 5, 1905.

" I do not want anything set up, as I would rather set the hives up
myself, besides it is a pleasure to put Root's hives and fixtures to-
gether."— John L. Fdnk, Ohio, Jan. 11, 1905.

"I desire to thank you for being so prompt in sending the sec-
tions I ordered from you. They came in less time than it takes to tell
it."— L. G. Reed, Ohio, July 10, 1905.

Send for complete price-list

The A. I. Root Company

is/fl:EiDiiq-.A., OHIO

Gtiicago, 144 E. Erie St.

®

Philadelphia, 10 Vine St.

New York, 44 Veseu St.

Dee Journal

i Entered sit the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Claas^Mail-Matterj
Published ^Veekly at 91. OO a Year by tieorge YV. Tork Sc Co., 334 ■>earboni St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., AUGUST 10, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 32

/T

(Sbitortal Hotcs ^ Comments

\=

=\

=j

A "Post" that Needs Posting

In Ihe Denver Post the tirst week in July
there appeared the following questions :

1. Is there such a thing as manufactured
honey! It so, is it comb or extracted, and
where can it be obtained?

2. Can eggs be manufactured?

The Post gave the following answers :

1. Yes. It is, both the comb and the ex-
tracted, and can be obtained from almost any
grocer. A great percentage of the honey
marketed now is of this class.

2. They can be and are.

Mr. R. R. Pdlterson, of Otero Co., Colo.,
sent us the newspaper clipping from the Den-
ver Post, showing the above questions and
answers.

As Manager of The Honey-Producers'
League we wrote the editor of the Post, call-
ing his attention to the honey misrepresenta-
tion, and requesting a correction, adding that
we would be pleased to enroll the Denver
Post in the list of newspapers that were help-
ing to undo the wrong perpetrated on an
honest industry by the starting of the manu-
factured-comb-honey libel some 2.5 years ago.

We have not had any reply to our letter to
the Post's editor. If any Colorado bee-keep-
ers have seen a correction of the quoted mis-
representations in the Post, we would be
pleased to know it. Perhaps some Denver
bee-keeper can enlighten us.

By the way, the poultry people ought to
look after their "manufactured eggs" ques-
tion and answer. We quoted it just to show
what a lot of valuable information f?) the
Post was giving its readers !

Future of One-Piece Sections

Editor Root and Dr. Miller are at it again.
This time it's a scrap as to the outcome of
the growing scarcity of basswood lumber.
Editor Root entertains the idea that as a re-
sult of that scarcity producers of section-
honey will soon be driven to make a change
to bulk honey or something else. The Doctor
obstinately refuses to yield to such pessimis-
tic views, and insists that he is not going to
give up the production of section-honey, no
matter how far skyward the price of basswood
may soar. The following "stray straw" gives

the situation at latest accounts from the seat
of war :

"At last we have the whole dread truth.
After basswood lumber disappears it will cost
75 cents a thousand extra for 4-piece sections,
page 701. Pshaw ! if that's all, I'm not going
to lie awake nights fearing that I'll have to
give up the production of section honey."

To which Editor RootmaktS this comment:

" But, hold on. Doctor! When lumber ad-
vances labor will also advance somewhat. It
is the experience of the Root Co. that our
own laijor has increased, and is still increas-
ing in cost. Well, suppose we put the price
SI. 00 per 1000 extra, you will have to add to
that cost your own labor in putting the 4-
piece sections together."

Clearly, Editor Root thinks 4-piece sections
do not count. It's either 1-piece or no section
honey. On the other hand. Dr. Miller will
take " aid and comfort "from the fact that
there are bee-keepers who used 4-piece sec-
tions before the 1-piece were known, and have
never been willing to give up the 4-piece for
the 1-piece. C. E. Woodward says in the last
Bee-Keepers' Review:

" I have never yet seen a 1-piece section
that I considered worth putting the founda-
tion into. The 4-piece section, made from
white poplar, is the only first-class section on
the market."

^

Injury to Queens In the Mails

Most of the queens sent by mail, fortunately,
are untested queens that have only been lay-
ing a short time. These generally, not always,
may be expected to do as good work as if
they had taken no postal journey. On the
other band, there is much complaint that
tested queens turn out poorly under the same
circumstances, the purchase- sometimes feel-
ing that he has not been fairly dealt with to
have a queen prove a poor layer after having
paid an extra price. The following paragraph
from the Bee-Keepers' Review emphasizes the
matter. Kecouuting a visit to .J. P. Moore,
the Kentucky queen-breeder, the editor says:

" Among the things mentioned by Mr.
Moore, one worth repeating is the injury that
comes to tested queeos from shipping them,
or, to be more exact, perhaps, from checking
their egg-laying so .'uddenly by taking them
from full colonies w hen they are at the height
of their egg-layinf- He says that a young
queen, that has jutt < 'mmenced to lay, stands
shipment much bftf '.and usually proves to

be of value as an egg-layer after shipment,
while a tested i|ueen often turns out very
poorly. He says that a tested queen ought to
be shipped in a full colony or a nucleus, to
say the least. I have noticed the same thing
myself. This year I have bought several
tested queens of various breeders, and very
few of them have turned out well. One layed
worker- eggs for awhile, and then turned
drone-layer. Another layed a little while,
and then turned up missing. None of them
hive proved good, prolific layers. Young
queens, of this year's rearing, sent as soon as
they had commenced laying, turned out all
right. Still further, I bought nearly a dozen
full colonies having tested queens at least one
year old, and some are probably older, and
these queens, never having been out of their
hives, are splendid layers. As Mr. Moore
says, a choice tested queen ought to be
shipped in a full colony or a nucleus."

It is no new suggestion that a sufficient rea-
son for the different results in mailing tested
and untested queens lies in the fact that a
tested queen taken right in the midst of heavy
laying carries a burden of eggs nearly equal
to the weight of her own body, while an un-
tested queen carries a lighter weight. Let a
man with a bag on his shoulder, nearly equal-
ing his own weight, attempt to stand in the
middle of a moving, swaying railroad car,
and he may judge something of the difficulty
to be met by the heavily laden queen. If
sent in a nucleus or a full colony, she has a
more secure footing upon her native heath.

It is a question, however, whether, with
the proper precautions, the tested queen may
not be sent just as safely by mail as any other.
If she be taken from the hive and kept in a
cage for 24 hours or more before being
shipped, her burden of eggs will be greatly
reduced in weight. Surely she ought to travel
more safely for the lightening. Most likely
any queen would be a little better off to go in
a nucleus or full colony, but in cases of long
distance express charges are high, perhaps
amounting to mote than the damage accruing
to the queen when sent by mail. Safe advice
to the beginner would be to say :

When buyiog a tested queen, either have
her sent in a full colony or nucleus, or else
stipulate that she be kept out of the hive a
day or more before being mailed.

Size of Cells

It may be convenient to remember the
figures 3, 4, and r> as applying to the size of
cells, that is, their diameters. The diameter
of a queen-cell at the time when the egg is
placed in ii is such that 3 of them placed side
by side nieiiMin an inch; 4 drone-cells meas-
ure an inch, uinl r> worker-cells.

566

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 10, 1905

A Queen Experience

We sent a very fine yellow, selected un-
tested Italian queen to a bee-keeper in Wood-
bury Co., Iowa, on June 31, as a premium.
Tuesday, the 3.5lh, we received the following
letter from bim, dated .June 24, and also the
queen still alive :

George W. York * Co.

Dear tiirs .-—The Italian queen you sent
me arrived Saturday eve, but the wire was
mashed in, and in bad shape, and the bees
feeble, so I return you the queen by to-day's
mall. Toucan send me another one; but I
want a good one, and yellow one.

Yours truly, .

We at once wrote him that he should have
introduced the queen, and not have returned
her, as she doubtless would have turned out
all right. The wire on the cage was bent in
just a little, but that was nothing worth men-
tioning. If the liees accompanying the queen
seemed to be a little weak, that was no detri-
ment, as some bee-keepers destroy the bees
and cage that come with a queen, and intro-
duce the queen in another cage. This is done

to prevent the possibility of also introducing
a contagious bee-disease.

No queen-buyer is ever justified in return-
ing a queen that is received alive, as queen-
dealers only guarantee safe delivery, and then
sa<i5^nc'«'o«," provided the purchaser does his
part. Had the Iowa bee-keeper done his best
to use the fine queen we sent him, and she
had died in a day or two, or had not given
promise of being all right, we would gladly
have sent him another queen free. But to
return a queen that arrived safely, just be-
cause the cage-wire was bent in a little, and
the accompanying bees seemed to be weak
(all as a result of going through the mails),
is not the way to treat a queen-dealer or
breeder. We have had suflBcient experience
in the queen-selling business to know that
many of the complaints against queen dealers
are wholly unwarranted. Of course, some
complaints are entirely justifiable. But we
know of a number of queen-dealere who
would much rather give a customer a half
dozen queens than not to treat him fairly.
Queen-dealers have rights as well as do those
who buy queens, and when both parties to a
deal will act fairly there will be no occasion
for complaints.

r

ITTisccUaneous Hctps 3tem5

=\

\=

j^

Baron H. De Blonay, a noted Swiss
bee-keeper who was also a civil engineer, died
June 9. He was the owner of the castle of
which Mr. C. P. Dadant gave a description
in the American Bee Journal on his return
from Europe. De Blonay was a very demo-
cratic man, and did not boast of his ancestry,
which dated back nearly 10 centuries. He
always signed his name " H. De Blonay,
Eng." He was quite a lover of the bees, and
a member of the Societe Romande d' Apicul-
ture.

California Apiarian Experiment

Station.— We take the following item from
the Kingsburg (Calif.) Recorder:

The United States Department of Agricul-
ture has established a sub-station in the plant-
introduction garden at Chico, for investiga-
tions in apiculture. An apiary has been
established, and a specialty will be made of
the testing of honey-plants to be secured by
Frank Benton, of the Department, who is now
in India. Bee-diseases on the Pacific Coast
will be investigated, and experiments will be
made with the different varieties of bees,
among ihem the giant bees of India, and the
various specimens of the Philippines. The
apiary and substation at Chico is in charge of
John M. Kankin.

the whole flock. In her hurry she dropped a
125 set of false teeth. The baby, left alone,
crawled through the spilled cream and into
the parlor, ruining a S20 carpet. During the
excitement the oldest daughter ran away with
the hired man, the dog broke up 11 sitting
hens, and the calves got out and chewed the
tails off of 4 fine shirts. — Corfu " Enterprise."

J. H. Fitch, of Taylor Co., Iowa, made
this oflice a pleasant call last week. He is 72
years of age, and still takes a deep interest in
bees.

Buy Your Own Paper.— B. F. Schmidt,
of Clayton Co., Iowa, sends us the following,
and suggests that ii might interest our
readers. But we feel I'lite sure that very
few, if any, of the readers of the American
Bee Journal borrow it from their neighbors:

A man who was too economical to subscribe
for his home paper, sent his little boy to bor-
row the copy taken by his neighbor. In his
haste the boy ran over a -j; (lO colony of bees,
and in 11) minutes looked lihe a warty summer
squash. His cries reached his father, who
ran to his assistance, and failing to notice a
barbed-wire fence, run into it, lireaking it
down, cutting a hiindfu! of flesh from his
anatomy, and ruining u s.',.00 pair of pants.
The cow took advunta^'i.- of the gap in the
fence, and got into the cornfield and killed
herself eating green con:. Hearing the racket
the wife ran and upM;i a 4-galIon churn of
rich cream into a baskn oi kittens, drowning

Wm. Duncan, of Dupage Co., 111.,
dropped in to see us last week. He is a
banker, and says he has lots of fun with his
bees, as well as considerable profit from their
honey.

The Michigan Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation is advertising the honey crop of its
members through the medium of a booklet.
This booklet has a crop report, which gives
the name and address of each member having
honey for sale, how much he has (comb and
extracted), and how put up. The booklet
also contains information regarding honey as
a food, care of honey, etc. They are to be
distributed among the honey consumers, and
large honey-buyers of the State and elsewhere.
If funds will permit, other advertising will
also be done outside of the booklet. The
plan has been tried one year, and was success-
ful enough to warrant a second attempt this
season. The Association extends a hearty
invitation to Michigan bee-keepers to join the
Association, and also asks them to send their
names and reports of their honey crop, and
the way it is put up, before Aug. 12, with
$1.00, and they will then get the benefit of
this year's advertising. The $1.00 will also
make each a member of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association with its benefits. Every
Michigan bee-keeper should at wire send his
(or her) name and address with $1.00 to the
acting secretary Elmore M. Hunt, Bell
Branch. Mich.

"Combcb" anb
"(fxtmcteb"

HONEY IN ANCIENT IRELAND.

There was no sugar, and honey was greatly
valued ; bee-hives were kept everywhere ; and
tlie management of bees was considered such
an important industry that a special section
of the Brelion Laws is devoted to it. The
people used honey in a great many differ-
ent ways. They basted roasted meat with it;
it was used with salmon while cooking, and as
a seasoning willi all sorts of dishes. Often
at meals each person had a little dish some-
times of silver, filled witli honey, beside his
plate and each morsel, whether meat, fish,
or bread, was dipped into it before being con-
veyed to the nmutb. The people often mixed
honey with milk, either sweet or sour, for
drinking. From honey also was made a kind
of liquor called mead, very sweet and slightly
into.xicating. Tliis was considered a delica-
cy: and a visitor was often treated to a drink
of mead immediately on arrival. As bees were
so abundant, beeswax, as might be expected,
w as turned to account for lighting purposes.
In some of our old records we find wax
candles mentioned as being used in the houses
of the richer classes (in Dinnree for instance)
long before the fifth century. — From Joyce's
Ciiild's History of Ireland, in the Irish Bee-
Journal.

ACREAGE OF ALFALFA NECESSARY FOR .'lO COLO-
NICS.

How many acres of honey-plant are neces-
sary to take care of 100 colonies of bees ?"

This being an alfalfa district, I thought it
would perhaps interest my fellow bee-keepers
to state my experience this summer, as the
above question has often put me to thinking
regarding pasturage.

In partnership with my brother we had
79 colonies, spring count. The season was
at least three or four weeks late, having cold
nights accompanied with drizzling rains at in-
tervals throughout May until the middle of
June. By this time the alfalfa was starting
to bloom, "scattering." There were very few
stores in the hives, no brood-rearing to speak
of, as we have no blossoms to mention until
alfalfa comes on. On the 26th of June we
had two swarms come out which we had to
feed for a few days on account of a cold rain.
After then we had fine weather, and the bees
went to work with a will on the thousands of
acres of alfalfa surrounding us, which had a
purple cast by this time. By the middle of
July all the alfalfa was cut except^ a little
around ditches, etc., our own fields included,
and everything seemed to be at a standstill
in the apiary. Up to this time we had hived
48 swarms, making a total of 1S8 colonies.
There being very little sweet clover in bloom
we decided that the only surplus honey we
should get would be gathered on our own
farm: and having 30 acres or more of alfalfa,
we knew we could control that amount of
pasture, as other fields are generally cut when
coming in bloom, making better hay. When
the first cutting of alfalfa was all done we
had only 19 colonies working in the supers.
On the 5th of August we were putting on
another round of supers, honey coming in ga-
lore. That 30-acre field was a sight to be-
hold. From morning till night it was a con-
stant uproar. We stood there many times and
listened to the buzz overhead as they passed
to and fro, it doing us more good to know that
they had at last struck a land of plenty, and
we the satisfaction of knowing that we can
control to a certain extent our own pasture.
That alone amounts to us to more than the
loss in hay.

Though only a novice of a few years'
experience in bee*keeping, my idea of suc-
cess in that line, "to be master of the :^itua-
tion," is to control as much as possible our
own pasture, and not depend on our neigh-
bors being delayed in cutting their fields of
bloom. We are not so fortunate as some bee-
keepers wiiere nature provides with plenty of
moisture and a constant honey-flow through-
out the season. A scarcity of water for irri-
gation means a scant honey crop; therefore,
profiting by this year's experience with alfalfa
we will try next year to regulate the bloom
so as to have a paradise for the bees through-
out the season.

I am satisfied that 1.000 acres of honey-
plant isn't necessarv to take care of 100 colo-
nics of bees. We had aO colonies that stored from
three to six supers of honey, while the(>thers
fell below three supers.- — Ceo. J. Smith, of
Colorado, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

AuR. 10, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

567

4- Contrtbutcb -f
Special Clrticles

^

Not More Colonies, But More from Each

BY GRANT STANI-EV

THE question uppermost in the mind of many a beekeeper
is likely to be. How many colonies can I handle and

make each colony turn out a good profit to the owner?
There is scarcely any doubt, however, but that many bee-
keepers are keeping'more colonies than they can successfully
handle, laboring under the impression that it is hives of bees
rather than bees in a hive that is to bring ultimate success.

This article has no reference' to the specialist or to the
experienced bee-keeper who counts his colonies by the hun-
dred, but rather to the majority of bee-keepers as we find
them the country over.

Let us look at the farmer for instance. We know very
well that there is scarcely a farmer that is large enough for his
farm — he has so much land chat he is "land poor, " so to
speak ; and if every farmer would put the manure and labor
on SO acres he now puts on 100 he would produce as much,
while the reduction in taxes would be no small concern. If I
mistake not, there are few farmers in Holland with more than
40 acres of land, and yet the best butter and cheese in the
world is produced there. We can see from this that it is not
so much in numbers as it is in making each number turn out
the highest possible percentage of profit.

I am afraid too many bee-keepers are trying to over-reach
in the increase of colonies instead of working to obtain the
maximum result from the minimum number. It is not so
much the number of colonies as it is in making each colony do
its utmost in storing surplus. Any colony that does not store
a high percentage after careful manipulation should be broken
up, or change the queen. It surely does not pay to furnish
hives, fixtures, and possibly labor, to run an apiary of 75 col-
onies when 50 can be made to secure the same profit. The
" not how much but how well " principle will apply fully as
well to bee-keeping as to any other line of business.

The queen may be from the most prolific strain in the
world, and the hive simply a ne plus ultra, and yet without
the constant attention on the part of the bee-keeper the
highest results will not be reached. It must be the harmoni-
ous working of both bees and bee-keeper all along the line in
order to bring all this about.

At present we hear a great deal about keeping more bees.
If it refers to more bees in a hive, all right ; but if it means
more hives of bees, my views are somewhat different, and
they are in tune with the highest principle of science — to ob-
tain the best possible results from a minimum investment of
capital.

Bee-keepers, above all others, have no time to sit at the
corner grocery or post-office. If a few moments of leisure
time manifest themselves he has perplexing questions which
have so presented themselves that he needs to sit down and
think them out. Remember, no business will run itself, and
if we do not get behind it and shove it along it will not go.
The more effort is put into any business the greater will be
the success. Lycoming Co , Pa.

The Sense of Smell Among Bees
Experiments

-Some

TranslalrtI from " The Bulletin de la Societe Romande D^Apicnltun '
BY C. I'. DADANT

IN .July, iy02, while sojourning a few weeks in the Cevenuf-
I was perusing some old journals found in the sittiii-
room of an inn, while I was seeking to kill time in a loni:
rainy day, and the following lines fell under my eyes. I fom
them in the '• France Agricole and Horticole " for April. V>v»
and the title was, "Ants Kecognize One Another l>\ tl
Smell."

"The ants," said this article, "recognize one anotlp
very readily. When an ant enters a colony which is not it
own, it is almost immediately put to death. ■ A German n;a ■
alist, Mr. Alorecht Kethe, of tStrasburg, has sought to nc.

nize by which sense could be exercised so subtle a recognition,
and has ascertained that it was a question of smell. Mr.
t'ook had already observed that if an ant touched water, it
was infallibly attacked by its sisters at its return home, and
he had concluded that the washing causes the ants to lose a
special property enabling thi^m to be recognized by one
another. Then Mr. Forel('The Ants of Switzerland.' page
263 and following) had confirmed this hypothesis, by showing
that ants from different nests may be put together if pre-
viously their antennie, which are the olfactory organs, have
been cut off.

"Adding to these considerations a new proof, Mr. Bethe
crushed a few ants, and with the juice thus obtained he
painted an ant which he then introduced into an ant's nest.
When the ant was perfumed with juice of ants from this same
nest, it was well received ; in the contrary case it was at once
attacked.

"A larva, washed in alcohol at 35 degrees, then put back
in its nest, was similarly attacked as a stranger. Put aside
24 hours before being returned to the nest it was on the con-
trary well received, that lapse of time having been sufficient
to allow it to reproduce its family smell. It seems, therefore,
most likely that in the phenomenon of recognition it is the
sense of smell which is in action."

These lines have impressed others besides myself, for I
have found them reproduced in L'Apiculteur, of June, 1900,
as well as in divers other agricultural or apicultural publica-
tions.

The thought has come to me, while reading them, that
that which applies to ants is applicable to bees whose cus-
toms and instincts differ but little from those of the former.
I therefore resolved to repeat with bees the experiments of
Mr. Bethe as soon as I would return home. But time failed
me, and the entire year passed before I could make the pro-
jected experiments.

Last year, in April, as I was classifying some notes, the
above quoted lines came back to daylight and reminded me of
my projects. I happened to have a few days of quietude, the
season was propitious, and I decided at once to make a few
trials.

All the experiments made upon ants by Messrs. Bethe
and Forel, with the exception of that on cutting the an-
tenn;c, repeated by myself upon bees, ended in the same re-
sults : they no longer recognized their sister taken away half
a minute before, when she had been washed in diluted alco-
hol. They accepted without difficulty the drones and the
workers of another hive than their own when they had been
previously painted with juice from crushed drones from their
own hive. A few larvio daubed with diluted alcohol were
found thrown out a few minutes later. Returned the next
day with their sisters, those bees that had been washed with
diluted alcohol and had been held long enough away from the
hive to permit this odor to evaporate, were again well received
in their home.

In the presence of these facts of which several experi-
ments giving constantly identical results evidenced the value,
I was led to en()ulre whether bee-keepers could not take
advantage of this to open their hives and handle their bees,
by giving to their hands the odor of the hive which they want
to examine. I conducted my experiments in this direction,
and will give you further the obtained results which I copy
almost literalfv from what I pompously call "My Apiary
Journal." ' L. Forestier.

(To be continued.)

Retailing Honey— Glucose, Etc.

BV F. STROHSCHEIN

CONSIDERABLE has been said and written about educa-
ting retailers to care for honey properly, and there is some
ground for it, too, as I shall presently show.
Some time after the early honey harvest two summers
ago I entered a small country store, and at once spied a case
of como honey upon the counter. This, of course, interested
me, so while the merchant was doing up the articles which I
had ordered, I tried to raise the cover of the case. This was
not an easy thing to do, for it was covered with other things,
among which was a cigar-box full of tobacco. When I did
raise the cover enough to get a jieop inside I saw quite a good
deal of tobacco among the sections. I saw that case for weeks
with only a few of the sections removed, and it was no great
wonder that the honey did not se)I. for if consumers purchase
honev with a tobacco Havor I'l^v haven't much desire for
more'. If they did not see the tobacco they possibly had an

568

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 10, 1905

idea that the bees had gathered the honey from tobacco-
plants.

I also saw in a store in a small city a case of honey which
reminded me of a rugged, rolling country. It seemed to be up
hill and down hill. The comb-surface was so uneven that it
was very clear that the bee-keeper had ased neither comb
foundation starters nor separators. This honey retailed at 14
cents a pound, whether the price was higher or lower iu the
general market.

EATING GLUCOSE.

I have had some experience with glucose (Karo Corn
Syrup). I have a delicate stomach, and certain articles of
food produce a bad, slimy taste in my mouth the next morn-
ing after eating thera. Glucose is among these articles, and
up to the time of reading what Prof. Eaton has to say (page
710 — 1904) I supposed it was the acid, about which so much
has been written, that produced these results. Now comes
Prof. Eaton and upsets it all, saying that it is perfectly whole-
some and contains no acid that is harmful. I have always
supposed that pure glucose would be as easy to digest as
honey. Yet if the commercial article is pure there is quite a
difference, for honey has a beneficial influence on my stomiich,
while glucose produces opposite results.

HOFFMAN FRAMES WITH SQUARE EDGED END-BARS.

Several bee-keepers have expressed a preference for the
Hoffman frames with a square instead of a V-shaped end-bar,
and I must say that I agree with them, and the bees, too, for
they will fill with propolis in the open space on each side
caused by the V-shaped end-bar, making it square. In this
way 10 times as much propolis holds the frames together as is
possible with a square edge, and in separating these frames,
and again in pushing them together, propolis gets between
the edges and the spacing is increased to a certain extent, for
frames need not be handled much, and they can not be gotten
into a 10-frame hive unless the propolis is scraped off.

FASTENING FOUNDATION IN BROOD-FR.iMES.

The method of fastening foundation with saw-kerf and
wedge works beautifully with Dr. Miller, and yet after having
tried both ways I find I can fasten starters or full sheets
much quicker and more securely with melted wax. I say
" more securely." for sometimes the saw-kerfs are not deep
enough (or the wedges are too deep), when the wedges can
not be driven in far enough, which leaves the foundation too
loose, giving a lot of trouble by falling down.

My method is as follows : I get a piece of board '+ inch
thick, 3 inches wide, and long enough to fit between the end-
bars. One inch from one edge nail a strip one inch wide, and
in thickness half of the top-bar less half of the thickness of
the foundation. Hold this against the top-bar so that the
strip will reach halt across the underside of the top-bar, lay
the starter against it, and fasten with melted wax. Thus
fastened the starters will not fall down.

VALUE OF PROPOLIS AS A REMEDY.

L'Apiculteur advises beekeepers to burn propolis on a
stove to fill the room with a pleasant odor. I have often done
this. But I know of a better use for propolis. For a swollen
face, toothache, or other ailment, drop some propolis on a
shovelful of hot coals, allowing the fumes to pass over the
face, and its curative powers will soon be noticed. In Ger-
many it was even used in this way to cure caked udders of
cows.

The products of the hive are used far more as remedial
agents in Germany than in the States. Little seems to be
known as to where bees get their supply of propolis. In this
locality they get their main supply from a sort of poplar-tree
or at least that is what I think it to be. The buds and short
stems are full of this sticky glue, and propolis freshly gath-
ered by the bees has the same odor as the glue on these trees,
but after it has been for some time in the hive there is some
difference in the odor.

IS CEDAR-WOOD MOTH-PROOF?

The honey-bees love the red-cedar trees because thev
know they are moth-proof. If one can afford to make cedar
hives for his bees he will never be troubled with moths. So
said Mr. C. S. Key before the Minnesota Horticulturists, when
lecturing on the red cedar. I wonder if moths really will avoid
cedar-wood. I do not think much would be gained by making
hives of cedar-lumber, yet it might be of value for keeping
brood and extracting combs secure from the moths. If any
bee-keeper knows more about it I wish we might hear of it.
I have also seen it stated that lice will not infest poultry if
they roost on poles of cedar-wood.

WHY DO BEES IGNORE SOME FLOWERS AT TIMES ?

Mr. D. W. Working (page 98—1904) tells of the prolific-
ness of the Rocky Mountain bee-plant — Cleome integrifolia.
One spring I got a package of its near relative, Cleome pun-
gens, but none of the seed came up. Having some seed left it
was again sown the next spring with the same results. To
my surprise a single plant grew there last summer. It began
to blossom the latter part of June and continued into Septem-
ber, and such a mass of bloom I never saw before. The dis-
couraging part of it was that I never saw a honey-bee upon
the blossoms, although a dozen or more bumble-bees were
constantly swarming over it. I have also noticed this condi-
tion of affairs with golden-rod. Can any one give a reason
why honey-bees will at certain times ignore the flowers of
some plants though they are visited by bumble-bees, wasps,
and other insects ? Winnebago Co., Wis.

(£onr>cntion
Procccbings

^

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from page 552. J
QUEENS KILLED WHEN INTRODUCING.

"I introduced a queen into a queenless colony and
they killed her; four days afterwards I introduced another
queen and they killed her. What should I have done?"

Mr. Wheeler — I would say, put healthy young bees
into the hive to kill any drone-layers. They would pre-
pare the way for the queen every time.

Mr. Swift — I had the crossest lot of bees I ever ran
across in my life; I couldn't get the queen into that hive;
I tried three dififerent queens. I gave it up. I kept them
supplied with young bees all the time.

Mr. Snell — The best way is to introduce two frames
of young bees into the parent colony, and at the same
time put their queen in with them, or introduce a queen
at that time. Those bees seem to destroy the laying
worker so that the queen is never molested. I have never
yet had a failure in that way.

DETECTING ADULTERATION IN BEESWAX.

"How can we detect foreign substance in beeswax?"

Mr. Dittmer — I don't know that I can give any rule.
It is force of habit with me. I get wax sometimes, and
it looks suspicious, and there is generally something the
matter with' it. The most common thing that occurs with
me is receiving wax that contains tallow. In fact, some
people have shipped wax to me and were rather rash
about it, so that I think almost anybody could have de-
tected it; but as to giving any chemical process, I can't
say anything about it.

Mr. Abbott — I see Dr. Wiley has written another let-
ter to explain the matter with regard to what is called
the "Wiley lie," published in the Rural New Yorker. I
was writing an editorial note on it before I left, for the
Modern Farmer, and I used a sentence at the last of it
that these comb-foundation people will be interested in,
and these bee-keepers. Dr. Wiley saj's that paraffin is
used wholly or in part in comb-foundation in the United
States. This statement came from Canada a short time
ago, and now it is repeated by the chief chemist of the
United States, and I say in my editorial there are only a
few manufacturers of comb foundation in the United
States. If they put paraffin in wax they know it, and we
want to know it. If they don't do it, it will not be a very
hard thing for them to prove it. If they do do it, it will
be a very easy thing for the United States chemists to
prove. Now this subject of foundation is up, I think it
would be a good time to hear from the comb-foundation
makers right now as to what they have to say in answer
to Dr. Wiley. I have had my say in the paper, and it will
appear in the next issue, and I want to know if they put
paraffin in foundation.

Mr. Dadant — I will give you three methods by which

Aug. 10, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURJMAL

569

you can all detect, without chemical analysis, whether
comb foundation is pure or not, and you can test it with
your own beeswax, comparatively. The first test we have
is the HEAT TEST. It is the most delicate because you have
to get the exact heat at the exact spot. Foundation is a
little more brittle, a little more in pieces than solid bees-
wax. Therefore you will heat the foundation more readily
than beeswax. A lump of beeswax that is round or large
will not heat so readily through as sheet foundation full
of holes. Therefore you must expect your foundation
to melt a little more readily. Between 135 and 150 is the
temperature, but your thermometers may vary a little.
You take a piece of beeswax, tie it to the thermometer,
take it to the right spot, put it in a pint bottle, put the
stopper in it, put it on the stove, and see at what degree
that thin beeswax melts. Do the same with the sheet
foundation, and see whether it melts at the same or about
the same temperature. Another test is the saponification
TEST. That is the changing of beeswax into soap : it will
change to soap as grease will. It is no longer beeswax.
Take lye and heat it, and take beeswax and melt it. and
pour the two together and it will no longer be beeswax;
if it is paraffin it will be paraffin. The paraffin will
pour out just the same as before. The paraffin is a min-
eral substance which is not at all touched by lye, v.hile
beeswax is absolutely dissolved by lye.

The third test is specific gravity. Beeswax is heavier
or lighter than other substances of the same kind. That
is another very fine test, because if there is a little bulb
of air in your specimen, whether beeswax or foundation,
you will change the specific gravity. It is very difficult to
make that test, but you can. A specimen that has a great
deal of paraffin of one kind will flow where beeswax
would go with the foundation. The way to do is this;
Take water and put pure beeswax into it. Pour in alcohol
until the beeswax goes to the bottom. The beeswax is
then heavier than the solution which you have of water
and alcohol. Then you are ready to test any samples
that may come to vou. In this particular it is the same
thing as before. If your foundation is full of holes, when
you put it under, the air will be in those and hold it up.
You have to be very particular to have the wax from your
foundation the same as your beeswax, if you want to make
a proper test. If you have a sample of paraffin it will
float, while the beeswax will go to the bottom.

Mr. Dittmer — It seems to me that the statement that
Mr. Abbott has made, as to what Prof. Wiley said, puts
the comb-foundation manufacturers in the position of be-
ing guilty unless they are proved innocent. It seems to
me that is rather a poor predicament to find one's self in.
Personally, I am perfectly satisfied that neither the Da-

dants nor the Roots use anything but what they know
to be pure beeswax. So far as I am concerned, I think
that my reputation with those who have used my founda-
tion will carry me through. I think that the foundation
manufacturers of this country have always had the repu-
tation of using nothing but what they honestly knew to be
pure beeswax; and as to taking the position of proving
ourselves innocent, it seems to me that is the wrong posi-
tion. We should be first proved guilty, and then give us a
chance of saying something. But this idea of considering
a man guilty until he proves himself innocent is wrong.

Dr. Miller — In Europe there are perhaps some 17,000
or more of the Rietsche presses in use; a large number of
the bee-keepers making their own foundation. In this
country I think there are not nearly so many bee-keepers
making their own foundation as there were 25 years ago.
I think the reason that so many of those Rietsche presses
are used in Europe, and that the making of foundation
has been simmered down to a small number of manufac-
turers, is that in Europe, they cannot buy pure founda-
tion as we can here. I don't have any thought at all about
the quality of foundation when I buy it; I know it is pure
almost as absolutely as if I had given it all three of the
tests mentioned by Mr. Dadant. I think Mr. Dittmer is
entirely right in saying- every man should be supposed to
■be innocent until proven guilty, and the burden of proof
should not lie upon the manufacturer to prove that he is
innocent. I think in the same way Wiley, if he has made
that mistake again, should be taught to believe that he
should not, after having made such a sad mistake before^
that he should certainly not make the third mistake, or
the bee-keepers of the country will resent it.

Mr. Abbott — Of course, you are just taking this on
my say so, but I have the article and I suppose it is set up
in type now and will be in the Modern Farmer in the next
issue, and I cut it from the Rural New Yorker. This let-
ter is addressed to the editor of that paper, and signed by
Dr. Wiley. It seems the editor of the Rural New Yorker
asked for an article with regard to the matter of adul-
terated honey, and Dr. Wiley is endeavoring to set himself
right. It is in connection with the Ladies' Home Journal
statement, and there is a whole column in it and the arti-
cle closes up with the statement I refer to. Of course it
was news to me. I thought I had been handling tons
and tons of foundation that was pure, or, at least, I had
been telling my customers it was pure, and I was standing
behind it myself, and I had my reputation at stake and I
wanted you people to know it as soon as possible. I
thought I would send it to the American Bee Journal, but
we like to get "a scoop," and I thought I would copy it
first.

r

v=

(Dur '^zz^zzx^xwq, Sisters

=«=^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Marketing Comb Honey— Getting
Bees Out of Supers

I started with 2 colonies of bees one year
ago in nailed-up boxes. They stored a little
honey and sent out 2 swarms. But this
spring we sent for new hives and transferred
them, making 7 colonies out of the 4. They
are just doing fine; 6 have nearly filled the
first supers. We will put on the second supers
to-day. I am working for comb honey.

Where is a good place to ship such honey,
and how should I prepare it for shipping?
There are a good many bees kept around here,
so our home market is more than supplied.

What is the best way to get bees out of full
supers when taking them off the hive?

I will write again when we take off the full
crop this fall. Mbs. Etta BrTLBR.

Iowa Co., Iowa.

Even if your home market is pretty well
supplied there is a always a chance for com-
petition, and if you put a superior article
attractively prepared before the people you

may find a pretty good market for it at home,
after all.

Still, if you wish to ship it, study the honey
quotations in the American Bee Journal, and
select from those nearest you. But remem-
ber there is a good deal of risk and trouble in
shipping, and you will do well to take a lower
price at home, making at least a difference of
3 cents a pound heiween home and distant
market.

You can use the I'orter escape, in the even-
ing, placing the escape under the super you
wish to remove, and by morning most of the
bees will be down out of the super, which can
then be removed. Or, you can place the
supers in a room with screen-doors or win-
dows, allowing the bees to collect on the
screens, occasionally moving the screens to
let the bees out.

At our house we like a quicker method, and

use the Miller tent-escape. We smoke the
bees so they will run down soraewhat before
the supers are removed from the hive, then
remove the supers, piling them up 10 or 12
high. If the piles are not so high of course
the bees will come out quicker. Now we put
on a Miller lent-eeeape and let the bees come
out at their pleasure.

That you may know how to make a Miller
tent-escape, the following is copied from Dr.
Miller's " Forty Years Among the Bees:''

robber-cloth.

I take a piece of stout cotton cloth (sheet-
ing) large enough to cover a hive and hang
down 4 inches or more at both sides and at
each end. This must be weighted down at
the side with lath, and for this purpose I take
four pieces of lath about as long as the hive. I
lay down one piece of lath with another piece
on it, and one edge of the cloth between the
two pieces of lath. I then nail the two together
and clinch the nails. I use the other two pieces
of lath for the opposite edge of the cloth.
This makes a iiood robber-cloth just as it is,
but it is better to have the ends also weighted
down, especially on a windy day. For this
purpose I Djak.' a hem in each end, and put in
it shot, nails pebbles, or something of the
kind, stitchi.i^' across the hem here and there
so the weighiiug material will not all run to-
gether at uRu side or the other.

570

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 10, 1905

I

QDICK COVEKINO WITS ROBBER-CLOTH.

r In any case where one wants to cover up a
hive quickly against robbers, as when open-
ing and closing the same hive frequently for
the sake of putting in or taking out combs,
this robber cloth will be found a great con-
venience. No careful adjustment is needed,
as in putting on a regular hive-cover, but one

away the three flaps of cloth all but about l'^
inches, and turn this IV-inch margin into the
inside of the tent and sew there with heavy
thread.

Another way is a little easier to do, and it
is a little better, although a little harder to
describe. Take a piece of wire-cloth 22x9i.,
inches. Mark a point at the middle of one of
the longer sides, and on the other side mark

MILLER TENT-ESCAPE

can take hold of the lath with one hand, and
with a single throw the hive is covered
securely, with no killing of bees if any
should happen to be in the way.

MILLER TENT-ESCAPE.

Having made the robber-cloth, an escape,
not in the shape of a cone, but in the shape
of a pyramid, is fastened centrally upon it.
Take three equilateral pieces of wire-cloth.

a point o'.; inches from each end, as shown in
the figure. Make a fold at each of the dotted
lines The wire-cloth may be cut away at the
two outside dotted lines, or. what is better,
the end pieces may be folded over and sewed
down. Now bring the two parts of the upper
margin together and sew with wire, and then
proceed to fasten the tent in place as before.
In this latter case, of course, a hole must be
cut at the top of the tent.

A

/ \
/ \

/l

\ /

each of the three sides measuring 11 inches.
Put ihem together in the form of a tent, sew-
ing the edges together at the three sides by
weaving fine wire through. At the top, how-
ever, let each of the pieces be folded out, so
that a hole large enough to push your finger
in will be left. Lay the tent centrally on the
robber-cloth, and mark where the three corners
(if the tent come. Now starting at each of
these points, cut the cloth to the center. Cut

I When one of these tent-escapes is placed on
a pile of supers, or on a hive containing bees,
the bees will pass out freely at the top, but
the bees that try to get in attempt to make
the entrance farther down. Once in a great
while there will gather a bunch of the out-
going bees at the top so as to clog the exit,
and then the robbers will settle on this bunch
of bees and work their way in, but a little
smoke will scatter the bunch of bees.

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasset.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio,

PERHAPS A CASE OF SWARMING ODT.

On page 377, a friend interested in bees, but
quite uninformed about :hem, asks a long
stung of questions. The answer to the 10th
one struck me as deoidedly wrong — and being
an appointed meddUr. I meddle. The fact
that the bees clustered and allowed themselves
to be hived, although not jiosUive evidence
that they had a queen, seems to me a strong
indication that they had. Bees in a hive
which they consider home it they lose their
queen just stray helplessly and hopelessly till
they dwindle out by death, or by the inroads
of moths and robbers. They do not swariu.

I In a hive which they have not accepted as
home yet, they are not likely to stay if the
queen is lost — unless there is young brood to
nurse, and rear a young queen from. With
young brood and a strange hive I think it is a
matter of some uncertainty whether they stay
or not. If they choose to leave they can
abandon the hive without doing it in exact
swarming style. " Indiana's ** bees had brood,
and if indeed they were queenless they chose
to slay.

Another thing. Bees eight days after losing
their queen would have queen-cells, which
they are unlikely to leave. 1 would inter from

this, also, that the queen was not lost.
Queenless bees abandoning a hive which they
do not consider home, would not cluster in a
natural way, if I am right — might begin a
cluster, but unlikely to form a complete and
quiet one — most likely to throw themselves
upon some other hive and try to enter, or, in
case DO other colony was by, to roam off in
search of one. If any remains of their former
home were to be found, they might go there
and devote themselves to crawling helplessly
around.

I should incline to say that the case in band
was a case of "swarming out,'' so-called.
Queen stopped laying when the old colony
was broken up. Probably had nearly stopped
before by reason of short supplies. Hungry
and discontented they felt still more discon-
tented when the last brood was sealed. When
there is little to eat, and nothing to do, a
"hungry swarm," as they call it over in
Europe, is quite in order. When put back
they might be expected to stay for awhile.
(Roosting in a tree-top did not strike them,
on trying it, as improving the situation much. )
And it transpired directly after that the
honey-supply improved; and on that account
they gratified their owner by flying out and in
more. After all is said, however, I will grant
the possibility of bees lojig time queenless
forming a quiet cluster in a tree.

TIME REQUIRED FOR 9WARM-CLD9TERING.

When I first read Mr. Doolittle's article on
how bees find their future home, I was taken
a-back by the statement that a swarm clusters
in from two to five minutes after coming out.
Had it been some of our rank and file I should
have smiled and said. He never actually timed
bees with a watch, and his guess was quite a
bit too small. But Mr. Doolittle rarely, if
ever, lets things go with a mere wild guess.
My first query was with myself. Does time
seem longer to me just because a swarm is
out? and have I lieen greatly overestimating?
Well, swarms galore have been out this sea-
son, and (when not too much rushed) I have
been timing them by the watch. I was not
mistaken, so far as the strain of bees in my
yard is concerned. They spend from 7 to 15
minutes on the wing.

Now the much more important question
recurs. Do different strains of bees, and dif-
ferent yards, have different habits in this re-
gard? Jf that's the case, it would explain
some differences of opinion about certain
other matters. Presumption favorable to the
affirmative, to begin with. It's too late to
ask for observations this season, but will not
those who have the actual time of their bees
please report? It's possible we shall find that
different years differ. Quite possibly I have
had, some time, a swarm comeout and cluster
in two minutes, but it is very, very rare if
ever. The behavior of swarms in nearly all
respects certainly lakes a great range of
variation I think I wrote long ago that bees
have forty different ways of swarming. Page
390.

POTTING WEAK COLONIES OVER STRONG ONES.

Edwin Bevins gives us, on page 452, a
timely though small experiment — two weak
colonies put over two strong ones without
intending to unite. Total failure, so far as
the object in view was concerned. Both
queensoE the weak colonies disappeared in
ten days. The scheme is important enough
to justify many more reports, small and large.

BEE ODORS AND SENSE OF SMELL.

And so Arthur C. Miller must be getting
after the bee's sense of smell as one of the
old superstitions. All right. I'll hold his
" bunnit " if somebody else doesn't get the
job ahead of me. But until he ;j)-o/r« some-
thing (as his tirst onslaught does not seem
to), he must let us keep on using the familiar
language about the bee's keenness of scent.
Time enough to "go ahead" with new
phrases when we are sure they are right. The
dog (to an absolute certainty) recognizes his
master by smell— and it's also certain that he
has other means of recognizing him besides
smell. Probibiliiy pretty strong that the
same is the case with bees recognizing each
other — also, that they are sometimes quite
hateful to hiveinates when they do recognize

Aug. 10. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

571

them as such — and sometimes quite peaceful
toward aliens when they recognize them to
be aliens. To cite human parallels, the smell
of the Negro is different from the smell of the
Caucasian (for the Caucasian race has a dis-

tinctive smell) ; and the smell of the China-
man differs from both. This shows that there
is DO ingrained absurdity about one little
nation of bees differing slightly from another
little nation. Page 453.

(

r

\.

I)octor ZTtillcr 5 QucstioivSox

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
Dr. Miller does iMt answer Questions by mail.

=\

Jf

A Swarm In a Chimney -Shade for
Bees-Uueenltss Colony— Bee-
Birds— Swarmlne— Taking
Orf Honey

1. How can I get a swarm of bees out of a
chimney into a hive* Can I do so after they
have started to build comb?

2. I have been told that all new swarms
should be put in the shade and the old ones
in the sun. Is this true?

3. If a colony is queenless will the bees rear
a queen it given some brood!

4. How can I capture bee-killing birds?

5 When a swarm clusters and separates in
two bunches upon the same limb, are there
two or more queens!

6. How long before all the bees have left
the super should a bee-escape be used ?

lOWA.

Answers. — 1, It depends upon the particu-
lar conditions. Possibly all is within easy
reach, so that you can easily get at the swarm
and treat it just as if it was in a hive. If not,
you can go at it in another way. Place a
Porter bee-escape over the chimney, and over
that a hive containing at least one frame of
brood, the rest of the hive being filled with
combs, frames of full foundation, or starters.
The bees that come out, not being able to get
back any farther, will settle in this hive, and
at the end of 3 weeks you will have about all
the bees, even if they have had comb and
brood.

3. There is good reason for putting a newly-
hived swarm in the shade, but I don't know
why it isn't just as well to have an old colony
also in the shade.

3 Yes, but it is much better to give them
with the brood a sealed queen-cell.

4. Shoot them, then you can easily catch
them. Perhaps, however, you might trap
them, if you knew the kind of bait chat would
attract them.

h. Maybe, and maybe not.

6 The lime varies. Sometimes the bees
will be all out if the bee-escape is left on over
night, and sometimes not. They are a help,
but if you are in a big hurry they are too slow.
That means escapes that allow bees to go down
into the brood-chamber. The Miller escape,
which is put on a pile of supers when they
are taken from the hive, will be likely to leave
the supers clear of bees if left on for half a
day. For my own use I like these very much,
but a man is likely to think well of his own
baby. (See page 570.)

White Flakes In Front of the Hive-
Smoker Open at Both Ends

1. Last evening we had a telephone call to
" bring a hive and take these pesky bees out
of my grove." We did as we were told, and
soon bad the swarm transferred from the
limb of a tree to a hive. I hived them on 2
drawn combs and 6 frames with full sheets of
foundation, then set them in the apiary. To-
day noon we notice the ground is strewn with
little particles of white Hakes, and is fairly
white in front of the hive. Of course I know
they claim this is wax from the bees. I could
fill three or four thimbles from what is on the
ground, and there was a lot of it on the limb
from which I took the bees. This has a ten-
dency to cause me to believe wax is spittle.
The bees certainly have a place to use it in
those 6 frames of foundation, if it is wax.

Had the bees been put on a full set of drawn
combs I should have thought nothing of it.
This is the first lime I ever saw so much of it.
2. Is there a smoker made that can be
opened at each end? If we could open the
breech end to relight when the fire goes out
it would be lots handier than pulling out all
the wadding from the top just to get a light
into it. Iowa.

Answers.— 1. i'ou are right as to the simi-
lariiy between wax and spittle, at least to that
extent that both are secretions. But if you
are hinting that the little white scales that
you could pick up by the thimbleful are any
other than beeswax, you will have trouble to
establish your point. Even if that colony
was wasteful, and didn't use all the wax that
was secreted, that doesn't prove that it was
not the genuine article. Haven't you seen a
good many pellets of pollen dropped and
wasted? But you didn't conclude from that
that it was not good usable pollen. If you
will make good use of Joe's eyes when bees
are busy building comb, you can satisfy your-
self pretty thoroughly that the little pear-
shaped scales are nothing but pure wax, fresh
from the bee-factory, when you see the bees
bringing them into use, a scale sometimes be-
ing plainly seen stuck onto the progressing
work.

3. So far as I know there is no smoker
made that opens at both ends. I have had
breech-loaders, but I don't believe you would
like them. In general we want to pile fuel
on the fire, not under it. But it would be an
easy thing to have a smoker constructed so
as to load at each end, and I've no doubt you
could get one by paying a little extra. But
it's so seldom that a smoker needs relighting,
that it would be only a nuisance to have it
open at the bottom. There's something
wrong with the fuel, the smoker, or with
Joe, that allows the fire to die out till it burns
out, and I don't believe a doubleender is the
proper solution of the difficulty.

Bees Filling a Super- A Play Spell-
Straight Combs-Storing for
Winter

1. How long does it take a strong colony of
bees to fill one super? I put one on July 6,
and they started to work in it right away. It
holds 24 sections.

2. What makes the bees gather and waste
time by Hying in front of the hive about a
half hour everyday? About a week ago I
raised the hives an inch in front, but they
still do it.

.1. I used full fuuudation sheets in all my
hives, and still the bees have not made
straight combs, but have bound Ihein to-
gether here and there. What causes this?
How can I separate, them so I can pull them
out one by one? If done once, will they con-
nect them again, or bow can I hinder this?

3. Will the bees stop working in the supers
of themselves in time to fill their frames be-
low for winter? If aot, what shall I do?

5 Some time atr^ I bought a large prime
swarm and had to haul them 4 miles, but I
did not give thein air enough, and when I
came home I bad nnly one pint of bees left. I
cleaned out 13 qui'its of Oead bees, and then
introduced a queen to them July 4, which
they accepted. \\\\\ they build up before
winter, and get enn jgh honey to take them
through till next bi ng? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. It may take all summer, and
it may take 3 or 4 days. Either of these
would be an extreme case. Perhaps 10 days
to 2 weeks would be something like an aver-
age for filling and finishing; for it takes some
time after lieing filled for the sealing to be
finished. If the bees have abundance of room
2 weeks will be a pretty short time.

2. Bless your heart, you wouldn't grumble
because children waste time playing, would
you? Those bees are having a play spell, and
raising the hive a foot wouldn't stop them.
Don't worry, it's good for them.

3. Without seeing the case it's hard to an-
swer; but if the work is properly done noth-
ing of the kind should happen. I suspect just
a little that you have put in the foundation
without foundation splints or wiring, and that
the foundation, being loose, has flopped about
so as to touch in places. The foundation
should be fastened securely in the middle of
the frame, and then there would be no trouble.
Carefully pull the frames apart, if necessary
cutting apart the places that are fastened to-
gether; gently push toward the center of the
frame any parts that are to one side, and
when returning the frames don't have them
just as they were, but turn every other one
end for end. Then the same places will not
come together as before ; and after 4 days or
more repeat the process if they are not yet
all straight.

4. Yes, generally; but it is always well to
have on hand some extra combs of sealed
honey to give to any needy colony.

5. I don't know; they may if the season is
remarkably good. The probability is that
you will need to give them combs of honey or
feed them otherwise.

A Reporter and "The King Bee"

You will see the " king bee " mentioned in
the accompanying clipping taken from the
thrice-a-week World, of New York. I have
been a bee-keeper since 1868. and as yet I
can't say that I ever saw a ■' king bee," un-
less it is a drone; and if Mr. Fry was stung
to death by a drone, don't you think they
should have allowed him more space than a
mere I'^-inch item in a newspaper?

Is it through my ignorance that I ask what
is a " king-bee?"

I have been located here in Cuba with api-
aries since 1899, and now have 4 apiaries.

Cuba.

Answer. — No, you never saw the king bee
mentioned, for you never looked in the right
place. This king bee had a sting that worked
telescope fashion, and when opened out to its
full extent was I'-g inches long. If you want
to see him, don't go to looking through hives,
but take a 2inch auger and bore a hole
through the skull of the reporter that wrote
that item, and when you reach his brain there
you will find that king bee in all his glory.

The newspaper item referred to reads as
follows :

STDNG TO DEATH BY A KING BEE.

LoOKPORT, N. Y., June 19. — James T Fry,
a farmer, aged 83 years, succumed this morn-
ing to injuries received in an encounter with
a honey-bee. Fry was moving the bee-hives
on his farm near this city last evening, and in
so doing angered the honey-makers. A king
bee attacked Fry and stung him several times
in the face before Fry succeeded in killing it.
He was chased to the house by a swarm of the
indignant insects. Blood poisoning quickly
developed in the wounds made by the king
bee, and allei ted the heart, causing Fry's
death within 12 hours.

Swarming in Black Hives— Loaf

Sugar for Bees-Starters In

Sections

1. At the last bee-keepers' convention held
in this city, a g-untleman stated that if hives
are plainted ick and set in shady places,
the bees will nut swarm. Have you tried this
method will; success?

2. Loaf su^'i: as a food for bees has been
mentioned rectntly in the American Bee Jour-
nal, and was, 1 think, tacitly commended by

572

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 10, 190S

Mr. Hatty. What are your objections, if any,
to usiog it in winter in place of candy?

3. If one uses inch starters at the top of
sections, do you thinli it advisable to place
starters at the bottom of sections also?

Connecticut.

Answers.— 1. No, I never tried it. If he
meant that when a colony is set in the shade,
the hive being: painted black it will not make
it swarm any more than being painted white,
he was right; for when a hive is kept in the
shade the black can not absorb the direct rays
of the sun. If he meant that if you paint a
hive black and set it in the shade, the colony
in such a hive will never swarm, he was as
wrong as wrong can be. A colony in the
shade will not be as sure to swarm as if in
the sun, but so far as black paint maUes any
difference, that difference will be in favor of
swarming.

2. I never tried it, and don't know whether
it would be as good or not. If there is any
objection, it would be the danger that there
might not be enough moisture for the bees to
use the dry sugar. In most places that might
not be an objection at all. But the safe thing
would be to try it at first on a small scale.

3. The size of the top starter has nothing to
do with the need of a bottom starter. The
object of the bottom starter is to get the
comb well fastened to the bottom-bar of the
section, and this is needed just as much with
a small as with a large top starter; if any
difference, it is more needed.

Reports anb
(Experiences

Bees Doing First-Rate

I bought 2 colonies, giving S4 a colony for
them last spring. I brought them home May
20, and have had 2 swarms which are doing
well The first swarm is filling the second
super. If I can do as well for the bees when
they need my help as they are doing for me
now, I can talk to N. E. France.

Wm. Matthews.

Grant Co., Wis., July 3.

Good Price for Honey-
Bees

Wintering

any account all summer, or this would have
been a hummer for honey.

I can not be without the American Bee
Journal because I get all my information out
cf it, and it is a welcome visitor every week.
Geo. M. Seifert.

Northampton Co., Pa., July 28.

I am the first one who kept bees in this
county, and when I first began to talk about
them some people thought I had a screw loose
somewhere. I tent for 20 hives this spring
for different people. I spent over $100 before
I got a live bee, but since we have a railroad
here I am all right. I get as high as 50 cents
per pound for my honey.

My first swarm issued May 21, and the bees
are slill swarming.

[ winter the bees outdoors in winter-cases,
and I can keep my bees out when the ther-
mometer is 3U degrees below zero. I will
write about my experiment later on.

Last week we had company who took my
bee-hives for tombstones. They said they did
not know that I had been living in a grave-
yard '■ Fred Hoffman.

Fergus Co., Mont , June 38.

Weather Hard on the Honey Crop

I had (i colonies of bees, spring count, and
increafed to lU this summer. All are in good
condition, although the dry summer has
killed ail the white clover, and bees are doing
nothing. They did very well in the fore part
of the summer, but from all appearances I
will have to feed it we should not have a fall
honey-How.

I have supers on all except 4 hives, and the
bees have started lo work in all of them.
Some were very nearly full when the How
ended like magic. I look off about 100
pounds of pure white honey the beginning of
Juue, and everybody 6u.\s it was the nicest
they ever saw. I retail my honey from the
houte at 18 and 20 cents a section, and have 2
grades by weight. We have had no rain of

Bees Not Doing Well

My bees are not doing very well this season.
There seems to be no nectar in the white clo-
ver. One colony I have had for 4 years, from
which a swarm has never yet issued, but it
does the work. W. H. Hobert.

Dekalb Co., Mo.. July 28.

Discouraging Time with Bees

This year I have had the hardest fight I've
had since I went into the bee-business. When
the white clover came into bloom the rain
during May destroyed the entire crop. Then
came on the crimson clover, and met a simi-
lar fate, and dry weather in June got what
little buckwheat there was. My bees seem to
live " from hand to mouth" with nothing in
the brood-chamber.

Time and again I've attempted feeding the
weak colonies, placing the Boardman feeder
inside and contracting the entrance to barely
a bee-space, but robbers come "to beat the
band."

My only salvation now is our fall flow of
honey, though from my 50 colonies I do not
expect to get a pound of surplus honey, be-
cause they are so awfully short of supplies. I
hope no one else is having these things to
contend with. Geo. M. Phifer.

Mecklenburg Co., N. C, July 10,

White Honey Harvest a Failure

The white honey harvest is a failure here.
There was much white clover bloom which
yielded quite freely early, but failed to yield
later. The weather was too cold, especially
at night. To-day it is rainy and cool. I have
taken only 20 or 25 supers of finished honey
from about 70 colonies run for comb honey.
Most of the hives now have on 2 supers each,
and there are but very few finished sections
to be found. Edward Bevins.

Decatur Co., Iowa, July 25.

Doing WeU With the Bees

I bought a 2-frame nucleus last year, which
built up into a strong colony. In the spring
of this year I put another hive on top of the
one they are in, and now both hives are full
of comb, with some honey at the top of each
frame and the rest filled with brood. I expect
to take 3 or 4 frames of brood from them to
put into other hives. This is my first expe-
rience in such work, but I have "ABC of
Bee Culture," and I think I will get along.

The bees have not swarmed this year. The
king-birds are here every day. I often see
them catch drones, and I think they have
caught queens. Joel F. Lee.

McLean Co., 111., July 5.

Finding Queens

I seem to have made a little discovery in the
matter of finding queens, that is worth re-
porting, as it enables us to find the queen in
any old hive, whether combs can be lifted out
or not, and in properly constructed hives it is
much abbreviated.

If a box-hive is used make a hole, or two.

if preferred, say an inch auger-hole, (if there
isn't one already) in the top and near the
back part of the hive; then pour a good vol-
ume of smoke in at the entrance, keeping it
up until the hive is pretty well filled. Very
soon the bees begin pouring out at the hole,
and in every instance that I have witnessed
the queen was among the first.

In using the simplicity hive I slipped the
enamel cloth forward so that about an inch at
the back was uncovered. They poured out
here and she was soon picked up with very
little trouble and no harm whatever was done
to the bees.

It might be a good plan to set the hive on
an oilcloth, sheet, or the floor, if one is afraid
the plan may not work successfully at first,
then they would spread out over the back of
the hive and on the cloth where she could be
looked for. But with a little experience such
precaution will be unnecessary. Remember,
a good volume of smoke must be used, enough
to start the bees at once on a stampede to get
out. Davis R. Emmons.

Champaign Co., Ohio, Aug. 1.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National. — The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
I. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starling the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, and cu?timne three
days.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be ajt the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer, long sound of a), corner of Houston
and Jefferson Sts. , and rates are only $1.00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

Missouri.— The Missouri Stale Bee-Keepers"
Association will meet ia Sedalia, Aug. 22 and
23, openidg session to be at 2:30 p.m., Aug. 22.
The room to meet iu will be named later on.
The State Fair meeting there at the same time
will obtain low railroad rates from all parts of
the State. The Livestock Association also meet-
ing there on the 24th will give us some inspira-
tion. Hon. Geo. B. Ellis. Secretary of the Agri-
cultural department, will be there and give a
talk and lend a helping hand. Louis A. Osborn,
of that place, has kindly offered to act as host,
and will direct to the place of meeting and to
accommoda' ion. Hotel accommodations can be
had at $1 to $2 a day. Private boarding cheaper.
Let us turn out en masse and have a glorious
time as well as to effect some extraordinary
progress. W. T. Cary, Sec.

My apiary, con-
sisting of 98 col-
onies, 250 extra

and small supplies.

Good location.

FOR SALE

hives, 200 extra supers

Worth $1,100; price, $800.

E. F. READ, Arvada, Colo.

Please Meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

0 Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. 0

I OUR HI^V^ES AND sEOTionsrs I

6 Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material. «

S By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and S

2 secure prompt shipment. g

1 PAGE & LYON MFQ. CO., New London, Wis. v.s.a |

Aug. 10. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

573

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessbe Queens for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian ; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones In distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for $6.00

■' 6 for 3.25

Ifor 60

After Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for 17.50

6 for 4.00

" 1 for 75

Tested—

Each

Breeders —

Each

.$1.50
. 3.00

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill. Tenn.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., flarshfield, Wis.

I Shipping=Cases

j^ Who stands the loss the Shipping-Cases bring? The merchant doesn't— the

^S railroad company won't. You do. That's why it doesn't pay to bay poor Cases,
i^ When you buy our Shipping-Cases you get Cases that are known for quality,

•^ and are sold all over the country. There are none better made, and the price is as

^« low as the lowest, it not less. If not satisfactory we don't want your money. Try us.

I JOHN DOLL & SON,

:^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

We are

HaniiiactQrers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS-HIVES-AND EVERY-
THING FOR THE BEE-KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments. Low Prices.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

What Adel Bees Do

E. Milton, Mass., May 2", I'lOS.
Send me queen same strain as the one sent
1904. That queen proved the best queen I ever
received. Her bees filled a super before May
15, lOOS. RoBT. Forbes.

All Tested Queens are $1 each.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Italian Bees ^% Queens
FOR SALE

l-frame Nucleus with Qneen $1.50

1 Tested Queen, $1.00; 6 for 5.00

1 Warranted Queen, 75c ; 6, S3 50 ; 13 for 6.00
Satisfaction guaranteed. Address,

N. STAININQER, Tipton, Iowa.

30A3t Please mention the iiee Journal.

Hand.^ Comb Foundation Mills

Honey Glassware

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

s^-lb. and 1-lb. Octagon Xip-1'op tilass
Honey- Jars. Prices: :°4 -pounds, $4.50 a
gross; 3 gross for $13. 1-lb., 1 gross, $5.25;
3 gross for .i;U.oO. Address,

YORK HONEY l^u^Vl^yE CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mentioii Bee Jonmal w&en 'wrltlaK

BKB-KBBPBRS' 8DPPLIBS.

We are now able to quote lower prices than ever

before. Hiebest quality Kuaranteed. We handle the

G. B. Lewis Co'8 Kooda. Italian Bees for sale in

dovetailed hives. Send for my 88-page Catalog, and

leaflet for beginners. They are free.

44Ett W.J.Mccarty. Bmmetsburi;. lowa

^leprae mennon Bee Joomai wlien wntmg,

Lan^stroth on the
^m^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and oug-ht to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being- revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for SI .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we wUl
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-Qook for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK St CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, HI,.

574

THE AMERICAN BEE JOCRNAL

Aug. 10. 1905

Diiiiner's Foundation is me mi

Send for Catalog-, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Graingek & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

§ll)0lldnQu66n8DuMrnMdll8

The STANDARD-BRED kind. Untested, 75 cents each; 3 for S2.10;
or 6 for 14.00. They give satisfaction. Or the American Bee Journal
for a year and a Queen for $1.50. Here are some unsolicited testimo-
nials from those who have had our Queens :

VS^hat They Say of Our Queens

Geokge W. York & Co,

After imporling queens for 15 yeiirs, you have sent me the best. She keeps ii'.^
Langstrolh frames fully occupied to date, and although I kept the hive well con-
tracted, to force them to swarm, they have never built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week. Ceas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22, 190.5.

George W. Yobk & Co.

The two queens received of you some time ago are fine. They are good breeders,
and the workers are showing up Bne. I introduced them among black bees, and the
bees are nearly yellow now and are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kans., July 15, 1905.

fiBORGE W. York iV: Co.

The queen I bought of you has proven a good one, and
my best colonies.

Washington Co., Va., July 22, 1905.

has given me some of
N. P. Oglesby.

George W. York & Co.

The queen received of you a few days ago came
through 0. K., and I want to say she is a beauty. 1
immediately introduced her into a colony which had
been queenless for 20 days. She was accepted by them,
and has gone to work nicely. I am highly pleased wilh
her and your promptness in filling my order. My father,
who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You will hear from me again when I am in need of some-
thing in the bee line. E, E. McColm.
Marion Co., 111., July 13, 1905.

An Untested Italian Queen- Bee
FREE as a Premium

- For Sending One New Subscriber =

for the American Bee Journal for a year with $1.U0.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a line Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian CJueen to the person who complies with the following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed :

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2. Sending your own name with $1,00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle J'oii
to a tjueen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscribur
as above, and the uew subscriber must be a WEW subscriber; which means,
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one; and. also, the
new subscriber masi, not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
he made. Our Freuiium Queens are too valuable to throw away— they must be
earned in a le|j:itim:ile way. They are worth working for.

Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

i

ITAIIAN ttlEENS

EITHER GOLDEN OR HONET QUEENS
AFTER JULY 1.

Our Goldens will

come up with any other

Golden strain. Our

'' ^ Honey - ijueens are

iaS^ what some breeders call

" Red Clover Queens."

1 6 12

Untested « .75 J 4.00 $7.00

Tested (or War. Tested) 1.25 7,00 13 00

Breeders 5.00

Zframe Nuclei (no Queen) , 2,00 11.00 22.00
When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
p rice of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation.

D. J. BLOCHER P^^lbL?"^''

16Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Capitai City Apiary !

Fine Italian <>I^u^^ns

Untested, after June 15, 75c; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders— the very best, $5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and sfttistaction

guaranteed, 'WAI.XEIt S. HOSS,

1123 Blaine Ave,, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

bo STO3.C X3 en g mojj jsb^ puy
o ItiQ oo aaAaii 1^

a

Please Mention the American Bee Journal l^ln&

''^ O » P«l>dI878, -82,

OTisv'iLLK, Fa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything In
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
?ood enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodnbr.
)^)eas6 mention Bee Jotimal -whea wntiiu:;

QUEENS~

Best 3-band Italian Bees free from disease.
One Untested Queen, Tocents; (;for$4; ISfor
$7.5(1. Two-frame Nuclei, with (iueen, .'?2,25
each.

LUTHER PRESSWOOD,

28ESt RELIAN'CE, Polk Co., TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Au?. 10 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

575

M§UDDlil

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowesi-PricesIB

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustratbd .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

Queens NOW i^eady 10 SiiDDiy
Du Retiirn Mall

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,

from selected tuothers; have proven ibeir qualities as

GREAT HONEV-GATHEKERS.

f~ii^tric^f% I'^a 1 ! a t^ c; Have no superior, and few equals.
VJUIUCII ILdllClllO Unteaed, 7oc; 6forK00.

The AmericanBee Keeper I B Red Clover Queens

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

Please mention Bee Journal wben -wrlthMt
IT-A.lL.IA.lSr

Bees,Queens and Nuclei

Choice Home-bred and Im-
ported stock. All qaeens
reared in full coloaieB.

One untested queen $.65

One tested queen oq

One select tested queen.. 1.10

One breeding queen 1.65

One comb nucleus (no

queen) 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Fouodation. Send for sample and
Drices. J* B-*- STRONG*

304 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jovrnal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying ot selling, consull

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

Wea»** (nflntion Bae Journal -wnifln ^rntlnA

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry atiKninis tomaiiy times
the costof Lambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved aud profit lujicle by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A tnal 10c box will
prove it. 100 cz.. by express. Sl.OU.

O. K. STOCK FOOD CO..

I>. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon lild£.« ChtcaiEo« lU.

Fiease mention Bee Jouroa; vhen •writing
New Comb Honev-Crop of 1905

We believe it would psy those having- it in car
lots or otherwise lo write us. Give usyour low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
e^oods and siyleof package; when joucau ship,
etc. We handle more ot these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

28Atf Manzanola, Col').

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltine advertisers.

W h ich left all records be-

hind in honey-gathering.

Untested, 75c ; 6 for ?4.

/"♦ »•«-• nr\t ^% *-i ^ — They are so highly recommended, being

^'3.r|||OI3.nS m^re gentle than all others. Untested, 7.5c;

6 for $4.00.

c. H.W.WEBER "s:r

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

^oney anb

Chicago. Aug. 4— Fancy white, 14c; No. 1,
white, 13@13Hc; fancy amber, ll(ai2c; No. 1, am-
ber, 9@l0c; fancy dark, 10c; No. 1, dark, '>c.
White extracted, b<g^lc; amber, 5@6c; dark,
5@5iic. Beeswax, 28c.

The new crop is appeartag and selling in a
fair way considering that this is midsummer
time. R. A. Burwhtt & Co.

Albany, N.Y., July 26.— There is some call
for Qoney, new crop, and if here would proba-
bly sell for best prices of season, as the general
impression is there will be a large crop. White
comb honey will start off at 15c to early ouyers.
a. R. Wrioht.

Kansas City, July 20.— New comb honey has
made its appearance; fancy white in 24-sectton
cases selling at ^2 "5 per case; No.l at $2.50, and
good demand, 'i here is no new extracted in as
yet, market on old stock beingquotable at from
5@6c. Beeswax, 25«f28c, C.C. clbmons & Co.

Philadelphia, July 19. — The outlook for
honey is very good. Some lots of new white
honey have already arrived aod are selling in
a small way, according to prade, from 12f^l4c.
New extracted hooey is selling: Fancy while,
6H@7c; amber, 5!^(a6Hc. Beeswax in good de-
mand at 28c.

We are producero of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sklser.

Cincinnati, Aug. 2.— At this writing there is
a good demand foi extracted honey; shipments
a e airifling daily. New comb honey is com ng
in quite freely, although the demand is only
fair, a condition which may be expected early
in the season. We quote amber extracted in
barrels and cans at 5^@6i^ cents respectively.
White clover extracted at 7@SJ4c. Fancy white
comb at 12@15c. Ueeswas, 26c.

The Fred W.Mdth Co.

Denver, June 2t». — The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enouLT'i of old stock on hand yet to
last until the ue ■ crop comes in; the same is
selling- as follow^ No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections. J:- -:-20; No. 2. $l.75@$2. White
extracted, 6^1" ~>7' perpound. Beeswax. 26c.
The Coi.o. IJoney-Producers' Assn.

New York, Ji:iic^ 19.— The comb honey mar-
ket is very quiet - i-i we are hardly justified in
makiagquotaih- , Some few lots a* e sold here
and there at Lk ancy, and 10@12c for lower

grades, but no large blocks could be moved at
the^e figures. There is still considerable of
last year'a crop unsold, part of which, no doubt,
will have to be carried over until the fall. Ex-
tracted honey in fairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6^@7c for
water-white, (j@6>ic for white, and 5(^5^c for
light amber. Southern at EOMbOc per gallon
according lo quality. Beeswax somewhat de-
clining; choice average stock selling at 29c.

Hildreth a Seoblkbn

Cincinnati, O., July 17.— There is uo demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is In usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, in barrels, at 5Ji@S^;c; in cans,
5^@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. fl. W. Whbek.

San Francisco, July 19.— White comb, l-lb-
sectious, H@— cents; amber, 8@10c. Extracted,
water-white, 5@ — cents; white, 4^4@— ; light
amber, 4@— cents; amber, 3@35ic; dark am-
ber, 2W@— c. Beeswax, good tochoice, lieht.
27@29c; dark,25@26c.

There is now plenty of new honey of good
quality on the market, but it is movine" slowly
and prices continue weak. Prices for all grades
of tioth extracted and comb honey are ruling
lower than last year, and even at the low prices
there is a tendency for stock to accumulate.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POONO CANS

We have a good supply of l*m-e Uaws,-
M'oo«l Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 1 can
in a box, at s cents a pound ; 2 or more cans,
boxed, at 7' cents — all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order. Sample, by mail, S cents in
stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYITppI^v^CO.

Hi H:; I >ntario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

It so, we cr.n fill yonr order whh the best
Queens thai monej can buy. Try our strain of
3-baad Italians; they will not disappnitit you
with empty -'supers. Untested Queens, 7.^ cents;
$8 per do/. Tested Queens, $1 each Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

13Atf LoRBAuviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

576

IHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug-. 10, 1905

WHEN YOU SEND FOR A DOCTOR

You get the best you can find, don't
you ? You would rather spend a
thousand dollars this side of the grave than
a hundred in funeral expenses. You do not
stop to consider the cost. The finest ph3's-
ician, the one best adapted to your needs, is
the one you are going to have. So it is
with BEE=5UPPLIES. A little more
money expended on LEWIS' GOODS in
the beginning will save you double the
amount in the end.

LEWIS' GOODS are worth every cent
they cost, and whether you receive them in

the dead of winter or at the height of the
honey-flow, or when your bees are swarm-
ing, they will fit accurately, admit of being
put together quickly, and will be found to
be made of the finest material. This saves
you time ; this saves you trouble ; this
saves you honey, and time, trouble and
honey mean money to you. Your honey put
up in good shape will bring higher prices,
and the demand for it will be increased
from year to year. This factory's reliable
goods have started many a man, on the road
to success.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Lovelaud.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO
Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris «& Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA

Cleaver & Greene, Troy.
TEXAS

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

Q. B. LEWIS CO. B

Manufacturers of

ee- Keepers'
Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A.

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at San Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 30, 31 and Nov. i.

^y^^

-vV/^

45th Year

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

CHICAGO, ILL., AUGUST 17, 1905

No. 33

APIARIAN EXHIBIT AT THB WEST MICHIGAN STATE FAIK, HELD AT GRAND RAPIDS, IN 1904

(titi- page 582)

§KM

f<^«E>)?

578

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 17. iyc5

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE StrBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal 19
tl 00 a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, aO
cents a year extra for poetage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABBIj DATE indicates the
end of the montb to which your subscription ispai,!.
For instance, "deco5" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, I9u4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change tbe date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING KATES will be given upon appli-
cation. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^_^^^^^__

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

igt —To promote the interests of itB members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riahts. , . . ^ ^ ,.,. ... *

3d.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration oi
honey*

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General ManaKer and Treasurer-

N.E. Fkance, Platteville,Wl»,

•y" If more convenient, Dues may be sent to the
Dublishers of the American Bee Journal.

The Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.0(» for each
20 (or fraction of 20) colonies of bees {spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on tbe
annual payment of a tee of Sio. increased by one-
flfth of one (l) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George W. York. Manager,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905, we will give ad untested Italian queen for
sending ubONE NEW subscription with $l.iiO forthe
Bee Journal a year. Now is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wiph extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples. let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the oEBce of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars^
porcelain cover, metal &«rew cap, holding one

fionnd of honey net, one g^ross in case com{3lete
n 5-gToss lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New York. If you want
to eecnre some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mentioo the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette K.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
lor Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

28A12t FREMONT. MICH.

^'leaae mention Bee : .■■i—.a' 'wliexi "wntaEjc

HjTt^^?Jr?Jr%#'^?»HHr?»r?(ii?^r?»?^r-!i»T?»^^^

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES I

-1«f -If?

Roots Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. jgk

POUDER' S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. ^

Low Freight Rates. .•. .-. .'. Catalog Free. X

ill?

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Mail

Untested Queen * ."S

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen *5.00

Best Imported Queen S.OO

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WftLTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Vlease mention .tiee J oumai wnen writing

Millions of Sections

ShiDDlng-CasesKS^DA^rN^

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee- Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thing the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Goods In Indian-
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received In the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 7Sc; Select Untested, $1.00; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested,
$2.00.

C« Ma SCO IT & CO* INOIAN^POLfl."'lNO."^l4- ^^ ^-i*
N.B.— A Porter Bee-Escape, or Its equivalent, FREE with first order, if you say where you saw
this ad. -i^eivs- aneiifiuaii ts-^^ j j".^^^iij. maen vr^fuz:^

Learn Telegraphy atid R. R.
Accounting

$50 to $1C0 per month salary assured our graduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write lor Catalog.

MORSE School of Telegraphy,

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo, N.Y. Atlanta. Ua. LaCrosse,

Wis. Texarkana. Te.v. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention the Bee Journal

FOR SALE

TOO colonies of BEES. Will trade for land
in western Kansas.

EDWIN BEVINS, Leon, Iowa

32A2t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

If you want tlie Bee-Bool(

That covers the whole Aplcnltural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Ceol(, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

BLACK^RCASTKO F(EI3 GAMES-

" The KiNti of l'',/ultr>'. '^ Largo
size, good layers oi finest eggs.
Hardy and fearless, the best all
nrpose fowl. Willow legs and
Bay eyes. Illustrated circular.
25th year. "H. H. FLICK,
MANCHESTER. MD.

Lewis' Shipping-Gases

H. M. ARND,
Mgr.

Sections, and a
full line of
Bee-Supplies

By Return Freight or Express. Send to

YORK HONEY I'^PPLV CO. Nome

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Ivine from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood doods

at Factory Prices and Pi-ompt !<«hipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange

— delivered here.

Aug. 17, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

579

u

DADANT'S FOUNMTIOI"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

-^K -^i/^ -jf^ a

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

►

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Raturn Mall. Saf* Arrival Guarantaad.

PR<ICB1S. ONE SIX TWEl

Untastad $0.75 »4.00 %7.i

Salaet Untastad 1.00 5 00 9 i

Tested 1.50 8 00 15. (

Select Tested ■ 2.00 10 00 18.1

Select Breadara, each $3.00

Twe-frame Nucleus and Red Clover Queen 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let DB quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Poandation, etc., as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wonted for Casta.

M. H. HUNT « SON.

Bbll Branch, Watnk Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Jonm^ -when 'writm^

VIRGmiA QDEEHS if k^cr^oltranl'^eafs
of carefnl selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, 7Sc; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June IS, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN.
17/L26t Fredericksburg, Va.

4^\l/\l/\i/\tAt/Vi/\l/\l/U/\l/\l/\l/U/U/\l/\lAl/il/\l/\i>

B66 - SUDDI16S ! |

We carry a large stock and greatest
variety of everything needed in the
Apiary, assuri 11 u' best goods at lowest
prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus-
trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating llivee, Massie Hives, etc.
Write at once for Catalog, either English or German laugnage.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

AGENCIES

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton i* !

Shagart& Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myer

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San

. Garden City, Kansas,
araar, Colo,
onio, Tex.

■5^'fyff^(fy(f>(f>ffy(t>(f>(f\'ff>iy(f>(fy(f>f»Mfy'f* ivfyffyffKfXfKfi'Sv

3Atf

FINE QUEENS

By Return flail. From my
3 and 5 banded long-tongued
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, 75c; untested,
60c; no disease. I guaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW

F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

QTipNS ■

" We have secured the services
of one of the best Queen special-
ists in the U. S. Over 20 years'
experience rearing- Queens. Our
Yard is stocked with select breed-
ers from the best yards in Amer-
ica, and can send Queens by re-
turn mall.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens .... l.iX)

Tested Queens 1.50

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street.
T01-<a!D0, - OHIO.

^Inarie li'-niion Bee Jounii'. wyje^ vriituxf

580

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 17, 1905

iM
^

®®

What is tbe United States GovernmeDt Doin^
for the Bee-Keeper?

A Corner of the Government Apiary where the Caucasian and Carniolan Colonies Stand.
Photographed by D. E. Lyon.

Do You Know?

Do you realize to just what extent Uncle Sam has the
interest of his bee-keepers at heart? Few do. To get the
whole truth we have sent Mr. D. E. Lyon to Washington
with instructions to place before the readers of Gleanings
just what is being and what intends to be done by the
Division of Apiculture of our great National Department of
Agriculture at Washington. Mr. Lyon gives the results of
his journey in the August loth number of Gleanings. What
he tells is intensely interesting, and every bee-keeper should
know the facts. Mr. Lyon has also obtained some splendid
photos, which are reproduced in this number.

Mr. Frank Benton, head of the Division of Apiculture,
is now on a journey around the world in search of new Bees
and Honey-Planls. Gleanings keeps in close touch with
him, and its readers are always sure of obtaining news first
hand of this most remarkable trip.

Gradinpr Rules

In the August 15th issue of Gleanings is found another
article of greatest practical value to beekeepers. It is
headed, " Comb Honey Grading Rules." Hardly one bee-
keeper in ten understands grading, which is of such impor-
tance in marketing comb honey. For this reason there is
much confusion and loss. Gleanings has written to the
most prominent Honey Dealers all over the United States,
and gives their replies in this number. It's an important
thing to know how to grade your honey, and Gleanings tells
you.

Superb Illustpations

The illustrations in the August 15th issue of Gleanings
are typical of what its readers receive every number. Three
full-page halftones, some smaller ones, and many line draw-

ings illustrating the numerous short articles. The half-
tones are the work of the finest engravers in the United
States, and are printed on the best paper, giving results
that are hardly equaled in many high-class magazines. This
item alone doubles the value.

Bee-Keepers Everywhere

Gleanings aims to make itself indispensable to every bee-
keeper every leliei-e. It has succeeded. No progressive bee-
keeper can afford to be without it. In every issue are
departments that cover the peculiar conditions that are met
in diJEerent parts of the country. The editors of these
departments are the best practical bee-keepers in their re-
spective localities. The best of bee-keepers everywhere
contribute. A list of them would be a list of the most suc-
cessful bee-keepers in the United States. What bee-keeper
can not profit by reading the experiences of such men?

To Induce You to Subscribe

1. Sample copy Free

2. Six Months' Trial $ 25

3. Gleanings 1 year and Red Clover Italian

Queen (June or later) 1 50

4. Gleanings 1 year and A B C of Bee Culture,

postpaid 2 00

5. Gleanings 1 year and Langstroth Revised,

postpaid 2 00

6. Gleanings 1 year and How to Keep Bees,

postpaid 1 75

7. Gleanings 1 year and Standard Cornell

Smoker, postpaid 1 85

8. Gleanings and the American Bee Journal 1

year l 75

&&

The A. I. Root Company

Ghicaoo, 144 t. trie St. PtiiladelDhia, 10 Vine St. New York, 44 Veseu St.

Dee Journal

Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter i
Published YVeekly at $1.00 a Veap by iSeorge *V. VorU & Co., 334 I>earborii St.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,. AUGUST 17, 1905

Vol, XLV— No, 33

/T

(fbitortal Hotcs £^ Comments

\«=

=\

=/

The Honey Crop of 1905

Editor Root gives the following paragraphs
on the honey crop conditions, in Gleanings in
Bee Culture for Aug. 1 :

Although the reports have not come in as
freely as I could desire, yet, taking all sources
of information, including such reports as we
have received, 1 am not far from the truth
when I say the crop has been a light one,
taking the United States as a whole, and an
entire failure in many localities. The condi-
tions in California and Texas are not materi-
ally different from those already reported. In
the southeastern part of the United States,
particularly in North Carolina, the season has
been almost a failure. Apparently Michigan,
Wisconsin, possibly Minnesota, northern Illi-
nois, and Ontario, Canada, will have a fair
crop of honey. The prospects were dubious
two or three weeks ago, when there was a
change for the better. New York and Penn-
sylvania report all the way from a fair to a
poor season. New England seems to be in
the doubtful list yet. Colorado will be very
much behind its general average ; and this is
particularly so for the Western Slope,

Those who are located in the clover

belt, where there is still considerable white
clover in bloom, as well as pea-vine and com-
mon red, will do well to look to their bees
and see what they are doing. Do not give up
yet. You may get a fair crop of honey. The
recent rains, which appear to be general,
came just as it was beginning to get a little
dry. Queer season this.

An old and experienced honey-dealer once
said, " There is always enough honey some-
where to supply the demand,'' If you can
get a fair price for your honey better not hold
it, but sell, as later on it may turn out to be
like last season — many held their honey, and
then a lot was dumped on the market all at
once, which caused the price to drop away
down.

Mating and Swarming of Virgins

Do bees sometimes swarm out with the only
queen they have, leaving the colony hope-
lessly queenless! Does the colony, or part of
it, generally, or sometimes, go out with the
virgin queen when she goes out to mate? Not
a few have answered both these questions in
the affirmative, Mr, Muth-Kassmussen is
quoted by Mr, Doolittle, in Gleanings, as say-
ing that when a queen is lost in any way, and
the bees rear a successor from her brood.

*' when the virgin queen flies out to mate,
the bees will swarm out with her and will
settle on a tree or bush, like a normal swarm,"
Mr, Doolittle never knew of any swarm going
with a virgin queen without a rival queen
being left in the hive, said rival being gen-
erally confined in a queen-cell, and says:

" So far as my experience goes, a swarm
goes out with a virgin queen only when there
are rival queens left in the hive in the shape
of other virgin queens in queen-cells, and
when all but the last virgin have gone out
with swarms, or been disposed of by the bees
or by the queen that is at liberty in the hive;
then, a few days later, this remaining queen
goes out to meet the drone alone, with mine of
her hees ai-rontpanyiny 7ie)\ is fertilized, and
soon becomes mother ol the colony,"

Opinions on both sides are likely to be
forthcoming, and it will be interesting to note
the outcome. It will be a good thing if there
can be a positive decision, unless, indeed, it
happens that bees in California are not gov-
erned by the same laws in such cases as are
those in New York,

Sainfoin as a Honey-Plant

This plant, (limlirychis sativa, continues to
loom large in Canada. The question arises.
Why is so little said about it further south?
" A York County Bee-Keeper," in the Cana-
dian Bee Journal, makes a point in its favor
which gives it distinct value; it differs from
other clovers in that it appears to yield nectar
early in the morning, the bees working on it
fully an hour before they do on alsike and
white clover. Also, that the first bloom
comes between fruit-bloom and white clover,
and the second crop when there is a dearth
from other sources.

John Fixter, apiarist of Central Experimen-
tal Farm, who has done much to bring this
plant into prominence, sends the following to
the Canadian Bee Journal :

1 am so pleased with the results of our sain-
foin test that I feel it a duty to bring it again
to the notice of our friends. The small field
sown in the spring' of 190-t was sown on poor,
sandy soil, and therefore did not do ver.v well
the first season, It did not even bloom. Not
being discouraged, we allowed it to stand
over. Since sprini; it has made fairly good
growth, coming' nto bloom June 9 — white

clover bloomed June 14, and very little out
at that date. Bees are working so well on
the sainfoin that a bee-keeper standing in
the center of the field would be looking where
the swarm was — every plant has a bee on it.
We can not do too much by way of bringing
this wonderful plant before the notice of our
friends. It is not only a honey-producer,
but makes such excellent fodder, and will
produce honey each time it blooms.

Colonizing Bumble-Bees

Speaking of the relentless war that has
been waged on most farms against bumble-
bees up to a few years ago, because of the
difficulty of harvesting hay with several
bumble-bees' nests in the field, a writer in the
Farmers' Review says :

" Now, we are coming to see that we have
done a foolish thing in exterminating these
insects, upon which depends the entire crop
of red clover seed. Doubtless they can be
colonized, and their habitations fixed at a
distance from the fields that have to be cut
over,"

So far as reported, all attempts in the past
to colonize bumble-bees have been unsuccess-
ful, and it is doubtful that much can be done
in that direction in the future. Their habits
are quite unlike those of the hive-bee. A
single female or queen starts out in business
in the spring, all by herself. Some of her
progeny come to her aid, but a nest of bum-
ble-bees remains always a diminutive affair
compared with the thousands in a hive of our
honey-bees. There are no combs made of
wax, larva- and honey alike being contained
in cups formed in the pollen-mass, so movable
combs are not likely to be viewed by them
with favor. The same writer says :

•' At this time of year they would be hard
to get, as the broods hatch out later, but it is
the second crop of clover that produces the
seed and not the first, and that is the crop
that is fertilized by the new broods of bees,"

That's a little like saying that the moon is
more useful than the sun, for the moon
shines at night when it is dark, and the sun
shines only in the daylight. To be sure, the
bumble-bee is needed to fertilize the blossoms
of the second crop of red clover, but many
farmers seem to think there is something in
the nature of the plant that makes it willing
or able to produce seed only on the second
crop. If bumble-bees were present in suffi-
cient number to fertilize the blossoms of the
first crop, why should it not produce seed as
well as the second?

582

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 17. 1905

r

irtisccllaneoixs Hcips 3tcm5

=\

*^

J

Pres. Jas. U. Harris, of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, surprised us with a
call last week, when on the way to his Col-
orado home from eastern Pennsylvania, where
he had been attending the funeral of his aged
mother. Mr. Harris was looking very well.
He has an apiary of nearly 100 colonies in
Mesa Co., Colo., but reports the honey crop
almost a failure in his locality, and exceed-
ingly small for all of Colorado.

N. E. France, State Inspector of Apiaries
for Wisconsin, reports that he has the bee-
diseases nearly wiped out of that State. He
says that a few bee-keepers have been care-
less, and so have not cured every case. Of
course, it is necessary that bee-keepers co-
operate fully with the inspector, else no dis-
ease can be completely eradicated. Mr.
France certainly has done a good work in-
Wisconsin, and deserves the thanks of all its
bee-keepers.

A Bee-Keepers' Field-Meeting will
beheld at The A. 1. Root Co. 's exhibition
apiary at Jenkintown, Pa., Thursday, Sept.
7, 190.=i, in which will unite the Pennsylvania
State Bee-Keepers' Association, New Jersey
State Bee-Keepers' Association, Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers' Association, New York bee-
keepers, and all bee-keepers and others inter-
ested in bees, from the surrounding territory.
Jenkintown is a suburb of Philadelphia. If
bee-keepers in that locality desire further in-
formation, they can address Wm. A. Selser,
Jenkintown, Pa.

The West Michigan Pair Apiarian
E.vhibit of 1904 is shown on the first page.
Beginning at the left of the picture the ex-
hibits belong to: Mrs. C. I. Smith, of Grand
Traverse Co. ; Oscar Smith, of Kent Co. ; W.
D. Soper, of Jackson Co. ; and A. G, Wood-
man Co., of Kent Co.

In order to get a picture of all the exhibits
the plan of the exhibit of A. G. Woodman
Co. is not fully shown. Comb honey was
piled up in the form of a house, with comb
foundation for the roof, pyramids of beeswax
for spires, full sheets of foundation in sec-
tions for window-sashes and window-panes,
etc. A neat little sign over the door bore the
words: " Home, Sweet Home."

All the exhibits were very nicely arranged,
as can plainly be seen.

The premium awards were well distributed,
all exhibitors winning some of the money, so
doubtless all were well satisfied. W. Z.
Hutchinson acted as .judge, and also took the
photograph of all the exhibits.

The apiarian department commanded as
much attention as any other on the grounds,
and the bees were especially interesting to the
school children and the school teachers. It
is hoped that a great many more exhibitors
will participate at the coming Fair, which is
to be held at Grand Rapids, Sept. 18 to 23, in-
clusive. Mr. A. (i. Woodman is the superin-
tendent of the apiarian department. It is his
desire that enough more cchibitors will take
part this year so as to#ll one entire wing of

the 8-winged octagon Cross building — Art
Hall. The premium list has been increased
by $.i0 for the coming Fair, and no doubt if a
due appreciation of the generous premium
list is shown by bee-keepers, more money will
be offered in premiums in the future.

For further information, address Superin-
tendent A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

John P. Coburn, of Middlesex Co.,
Mass., is a bee-keeper 72 years old, and has
some 50 colonies. In the Boston Globe, for
July 23, he is pictured as handling a frame of
bees, with a veil on, etc. There is quite a
nice write-up of his apiary and bee-keeping
experience. Last year he had one colony that
produced 104 pounds of honey, and another
102 pounds.

Such illustrated articles in the daily news-
papers can hardly fail to be helpful in in-
creasing the use of honey, as they call atten-
tion to it in the best way possible. Wherever
it can be done, it would be a good thing to
invite newspaper editors to visit your apiary,
and show them the inside workings of the
hive. Then, as they leave, be sure to give
them a sample of nice honey, so that they
can write intelligently and from personal ex-
perience. Of course, when possible, it is
safer if the visited bee-keeper can have the
privilege of reading the proof of what is
written before it is printed.

The "Farm Journal " Apologizes.—

In the Farm Journal for July, "Aunt Har-
riet," who had something to say about manu-
factured comb honey several months before,
has the following paragraph :

Just one more reference to the statement
about adulterated honey and artificial comb.
As I neither eat nor buy honey, I based my
opinion on newspaper reports, magazine arti-
cles, and the complaints of those who try to
buy good honey. Wm. A. Selser's article,
"The Honey-Bee,'' in the May number, will
enlighten the consumers; the producers know
the truth; and to all who read my mistake, I
offer my sincere apologies.

That is a splendid utterance. " The pro-
ducers know the truth "—yes, that is the best
source of information to go to when wanting
facts about any special business. It is not
safe to attempt to write for publication on
any unfamiliar subject. Even when fairly
well acquainted one sometimes gets things
twisted.

//

(Eoinbcb" a\\^

A Plan for Increase

The method of increase given here secures
queens for the new colonies reared under the
swarming impulse, and the workers also
which bear her company are fully developed,
and have not been half starved in the larval
state as so many young bees are apt to be
where the apiarist interferes.

It will usually happen during the swarm-
ing season that several swarms will come off

on the same day, or within one day of each
other. Hive each of the swarms on the old
stand and place the old colony containing the
young bees and queen-cells beside the new
hive with its entrance facing in the opposite
direction. Take the half-filled supers and put
them on the new swarm in the way most bee-
keepers are familiar with.

Just a word of caution here: When hand-
ling any hives or frames containing queen-
cells use the utmost care to see that they are
not jarred in any way as such treatment will
destroy a large percentage of the unhatched
queens.

The queen-cells in the old colony if the
swarm has been a normal one, will be just
about ready to cap over when the swarm is-
sues, and in a day or two at the most the best
of them (which are the oldest) will have been
capped over.

Now we will suppose that this same pro-
cedure has been followed with two swarms
that issued at the same time. If there is any
choice in the stock, that is if one has proven
superior to the other in honey-gathering qual-
ities, or in other desirable traits, then arrange
to preserve the queen-cells in it.

Two or three days after the swarms have is-
sued, or when most of the cells are capped
over, and when quite a number of young bees
have come out of the hatching brood, shake
the colony containing the cells, which you
don't wish to keep, down at the entrance of
its swarm, pinch off all the queen-cells from
the frames, put the frames back in the super
and set the super on top of the other hive
containing queen-cells and young bees. There
will be enough young bees in this hive to
look after both lots of brood.

In 5 or 6 days from the time the swarms is-
sued you will have a lot of ripe queen-cells
just about ready to hatch ; most of the brood
will be capped over and the 2-storied hive will
be crowded with young bees, the majority of
which have never been outside.

Now is the time to make the division —
place 8 or 9 hives where you want the new
colonies to stand ; see that the same number
of frames contain a queen-cell each; put 2
frames (one with queen-cell attached) and all
adhering bees into each new hive, give each
new hive an extra frame of honey it you can
spare it, if not never mind, but look out later
when the queen starts laying, and see that
they all have plenty to keep them going.
Shut the little hives up tight until the even-
ing of the following day if the sun is not too
hot ; if it is, then leave them open.

Avoid setting the new hives in a row so that
their entrances all face in one direction ; scat-
ter them about in odd corners of the yard, or
if you have an eye for symmetry in your ar-
rangements you can put them in groups of
four with the entrance of each hive in the
group facing in a different direction from
the rest.

It will thus be seen that from S to 10 colo-
nies can be secured with the best of queens
from the brood of 2 old colonies and the
young bees of one. Nothing is taken from
the swarm, and in fact one swarm is increased
by its young bees. — Frank P. Adams in the
Canadian Bee Journal.

Making Rock Candy for Feeding

The ordinary pulverized sugar in honey
mixed into a stiff dough makes a very excel-
lent bee-candy for cold-weather or spring
feeding. But one objection to this kind of
feed is that the granules will sometimes rat-
tle down on the bottom-board, and be carried
out and wasted. The candy that we prefer
is made by mixing sugar and a little water
and a little honey, and boiling long enough
so when cold it will form a translucent block
of rock candy. Do not stir, as that makes it
somewhat mealy or grainy, and the result is
the bees will cause the granules to drop down
and so be wasted. The honey is necessary to
prevent graining. It may be a little sticky,
but it should be wrapped in paraffin paper,
and then when ready for use the the paper
should be peeled off on one side and the
candy placed on top of the brood-frames. Our
experience in giving lii/iiUI feed in cold
weather is not favorable. We always use
combs of sealed stores first ; then, if we have
not the combs, candy.— Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture.

AuR. 17, 1905

THfc AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

583

^ (Eontributcb -f
Special Clrttcles

=\

I

Kettle for Rendering Beeswax from Old
Combs

J

I

BY C. P. DADANT

FIND the following in L'Apiculteur for July, and us it
appears to me to be vi'ry practical, I have concluded to
translate it for the American Be3 Journal :

At the last meeting of the Comtoise Association, one of
the members, Mr. Beaux, of Chailhiz, presented in the name
of Mr. Kuhu, manufacturer at Chaille, a kettle intended to
extract entirely the beeswax from the old combs of the apiary.

The slumfrum obtained by the melting in an ordinary ket-
tle contains still a large enough proportion of beeswax to
enable the apiarists to sell it to the beeswax bleachers, who,
with the help of powerful mi'thods which are impracticable to
ordinary bee-keepers, manage still to extract quite a quantity
of beeswax from the slumgnm in question. The rendering of

■ir

a — Removable crank, b — Level of the water, e — Screen for strain-
ing the liquid wax. d — Level of the combs, e — Wings of the
wheel, f — Shoulders for supporting kettle on stove.

the wax in these cases has therefore not been thorough. The
kettle of Messrs. Kuhu and Beaux washes entirely the rem-
nants of broken combs, leaving in them no perceptible quan-
tity of beeswax. The residue, after treatment by this method,
may be considered as entirely cleaned out.

A mechanical disposition, simple and ingenious, and the
use of a melting liquid of high temperature (water saturated
with salt), permit reaching this much desired result. Let us
examine the kettle.

1st. It is a receptacle of galvanized iron or tin, the shape
of a circular wash-boiler, and supplied near its basewiJia
projecting edge or collar which allows it to stand upright on
any ordinary stove. Its capacity is about S gallons, which
permits a woman to handle it easily.

2d. In this body is fitted a screened hoop, the center of
which is perforated, and through which a shaft is placed, the
latter at its bottom supplied with a winged wheel siniilur to
those on windmills. The upper end of the shaft ciiri a
crank which is removable at will.

We fill the kettle with old combs up to the level of the
screen, and put on the inside the screen and the shaft witli its
winged wheel ; the.T fit the crank on and fill the kettle to
within 2 inches of the top with water. When heat is api 'ied
tlie wax melts and seeks to rise. But at the same tini> : he

pellicles, cocoons and cast-skins of the brood-combs ascend
also, and close the holes of tlie screen. Then comes the work
of the winged wheel by the use of the crank. At the time
when the water begins to boil, wo turn this crank every half
minute at the rate of 40 to 60 revolutions per minute. The
fan-shaped wings stir the mass of cocoons, beat it, break it to
pieces, and, thanks to the windmill shape of the wings, push
towards the bottom all the obs-tructing residue, thus permitting
the lighter beeswax to come up through the screen and rise to
the surface.

This process is entirely new, and has much pleased the
members.

Another "trick " still imjiroves the result. We all know
that the hotter a body gets the more fluid it becomes, and the
easier it becomes separated from the solid particles. Beeswax
is subject to this rule. Although it is fusible at less than the
temperature of boiling water, it becomes very fluid at 212 de-
grees, and is still more so at a higher temperature. It appears
that a much higher temperature may be reached by using for
rendering wax a solution of salt in water. Take a certain
quantity of water and add salt until it can melt no more ; that
is, until undissolved sait remains at the bottom of the vessel
in spite of all the stirring you may do. In this condition the
solution has its boiling degree raised to 230 degrees, and this
is a first advantage which permits the beeswax to become
more fluid and to pass through more readily to reach the top.
On the other hand, the salted water has become more dense.
It is heavier than pure water, and this helps to raise the bees-
wax to the top more readily. This use of salt was mentioned
by Dr. Miller, in February Gleanings, as mentioned in L'Api-
culteur for April.

Thus stirring with the screw-shaped wheel, and use of a
salt solution, are the two new and ingenious points of the in-
vention of Messrs Kuhn and Beaux. This was not found at
first trial, but has been the result of a series of experiments.
The trials have been numerous, and at the beginning success
was doubtful. After a quarter of an hour of stirring every
half-minute, the work is done. We remove the kettle from
the fire, remove the crank which would otherwise be caught
in the cooling wax, and we cover the kettle to let it settle
slowly. After 30 hours the cake of wax will come out readily.
We take it out and wash it with clean water. All that will
not brush off readily still contains some beeswax, and should
be put aside to be remelted with the next batch. The residue
remaining in the kettle contains no loneer any beeswax. The
separation of the wax from the residue has been complete,
and the maximum of economical rendering of wax has been
reached by a simple method which is within the reach of all.

The presentation of this kettle has been a prompt success.
It is certain that with this rustic implement, easy to manage,
and enabling one to remove all the wax from the combs, the
average bee-keeper has great advantage in being able himself
to render all his old combs. The kettle is also suitable for
any kitchen stove, and the cost of fuel is practically eliminated.

Several orders were given at once by members of the
Association. The price is within the reach of all, 15 francs
at the factory. I have had the curiosity of inquiring into the
prices of similar implements, and I was astonished to find
that this small implement is exceedingly cheap when com-
pared with others, and its acquisition will complete the outfit
of many a small bee-keeper. Xo other system gives the ad-
vantages mentioned in connection with this.

The Association complimented Messrs Kuhn and Beaux
on their discovery, and hoped that the "Comtoise Wax-Ivet-
tle " may become as popular as several other implements in-
vented by some of its members Dk. Sexe,

President of the Comtoise Associatio7i.

I believe that the ideas expressed above are practical.
The salt-in-water idea for rendering wax is developed here
with a very good argument. I expect to try this implement
myself, and report later. Hancock Co., 111.

iji

Hive for Producing Extracted Honey

BV w. w. m'ne.^l

I WANT to tell the readers of the American B(^e .lournal
about a hive I have been using for the production of ex-
tracted honey. I have dum a good deal of experimenting
in hives in my own apiary, and, besides, I have had the ad-
vantages of comparing the dilti-rent styles of hives in actual
practice in large apiaries in other places. The one 1 have
chosen as being the most suitable for the purpose here, and I
dare say in manv other sections of the country it will work
just as well, I will describe [i^ fallows :

584

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 17, 1905

The hive is double walled, and takes 10 crosswise self-
spacing frames in the brood-chamber. The inner bottom
slopes to the front, which permits of the hive being set level
on its stand, and l<eeps the floor dry, too. There is no pack-
ing of any kind between the walls, the hive merely being lined
inside with lighter material. The frames are llxie^i inches,
outside measure, and there is room for a follower at the back.
This gives an entrance space fully 17 inches long, and as I
make it s^' of an inch high, it will readily be seen that there
is abundant room or means for ventilation. I regulate the
entrance in the ordinary way, by the use of entrance blocks.

Now, with this large entrance there is no need of prying
the hive off the bottom board, as is often done with hives
having detachable bottoms. Bees need lots of air when they
are storing honey, but to give it in this way is so much easier,
so much more practical, that tall, narrow" hives are not "in
it " at all.

When you pry or wedge up a hive, such work must all be
undone again at the close of the season. The bees fly out
more or less along the sides, and often cluster there also. This
makes it worse about bees getting into one's shoes while
standing at the side of the hive. This is especially so if low-
top shoes are worn. Then, when swarms issue the queen is
liable to leave the hive by the side entrance, and get lost in
the grass, if she is clipped. Give me the permanently large
entrance, regulated with the blocks, every time.

Now this hive has a large base; it does not blow over
easily, and, besides, afi'ords large super accommodations.

I forgot to mention that it has a portico similar to the
Langstroth hive.

The super takes 13 frames if ordinarily spaced, or 12 with
a follower. 1 have used both a 6-inch and a 7-inch frame in
the super for extracting, and both work admirably. For my
own convenience I want nothing larger than a 7-inch frame
for extracting purposes, but on 8 and 10 frame hives of the
ordinary make it is better to use a deeper frame. There will
be more honey harvested at less expense by using one deep
super, taking the same size frame as those used in the brood-
chamber, than in two shallow supers. A narrow, shallow
super costs nearly as much as a standard-depth brood-cham-
ber, and two of them require just double the amount of
manipulation.

If one doesn't mind extracting from large frames, then
there is no question about their superiority over shallow ones,
in most places, for the production of extracted honey. When
I say this I have in mind the Langstroth hive and frame. In
my hive I get nearly as much super-room as there is in a 10-
frame Langstroth brood-chamber, and have the pleasure of
using a 7-iach frame.

There is a large telescope cover, ventilated, that fits down
all over the super and rests on a rim about an inch below the
the top edge of the brood-chamber. This affords a good deal
of shade in summer, and keeps out all rain during the winter.
When I wish to prepare the colony for winter, all that is
necessary to do is to remove the frames from the super, spread
a cloth over the honey-board which is left in place, lill the
super full of dry forest leaves, and the job is done. I always
leave the flat super-cover off during thewinter, otherwise the
packing would become wet in the super and destroy the colony

This hive costs a little more at the start, but if you pro-
duce extracted honey, and live in a place where bees need a
good, substantial hive, make some on that order and compare
their utility ivith othpr Tn^t-oo r,f Vii^r^it, Scioto Co Ohio

their utility with other makes of hives.

(£onxx^ntton
Procccbings

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Conveutloa, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from pa^e 56'* J
DETECTING .\DULTERATION IN BEESWAX.

Pres. York— Have you the entire letter?

Mr. Abbott — I l.ave the entire copy, my comment anO (lit
editor s v.pon it.

Dr. Miller — Just what is the statement he did m:ike?

Mr. Abbott— The sentence states that honey is not
adulterated, but that p;.raffin is used wholly or in p;in in

the manufacture of foundation. Those are not exactly the
words hut that is the substance of it.

Dr. Miller — That leaves it, he might say if he knew
of a single case in which some fool who was making ex-
periment!- might have used only half a pound of it. Per-
haps it will be wise for us to be careful in what we say,
and rather ask the question whether Prof. Wiley has any
proof; and perhaps it would be wise to let the journals
ask him. I think that would be better.

Mr. Dadant — 1 think you are doing Mr. Wiley a great
deal too much honor by paying so much attention to what
he says. In regard to this accusation, it only strikes one
or two firms. I am perfectly willing to stand on my own
responsibility, and my respectability, without any atten-
tion being paid to it.

Mr. Dittmer— Mr. Dadant is wholly right. Prof.
Wiley's reputation in the past has been such that he de-
serves no attention on our part, and the best way to get
rid of an obnoxious person is to ignore him.

Mr. Abbott — Mr. Wiley is chief chemist of the United
States; his word is authority not only in the United
States but all over the world. He is quoted as the repre-
sentative of the United States by the chemical men of the
world and we cannot ignore Mr. Wiley. We have to face
the fact that he represents the United States among the
scholars of the world so far as chemistry is concerned,
and he represents the United States so far as the people
in command are concerned. We cannot ignore those
things. It is all right enough to say we are giving him
too much advertising. We are not giving him too much.
The chief chemist of the United States, who speaks by
authority of the United States, ought to tell the truth.

Mr. Dadant — But he doesn't. It will serve no purpose
whatever to demand anything. A man who will state a
thing which he knows to be false will stick to the false-
hood. He will make an untruthful statement again, and it
will simply make matters worse by having anything to do
with him.

Mr, Hutchinson — Not only Mr. Dadant but all other
comb-foundation manufacturers are affected if these state-
ments go out in the Rural New Yorker all over to the
reading community that buy honey; it prejudices them against
our product.

Mr. Dadant — In that case, don't ask him to prove it but
simply state that it is not so. If you ask him to prove it
when he has made the statement he will prove it in some
way if he has to manufacture something in order to prove
it in one single instance. That will be sufficient for him, and
sufficient to hurt your business that much more.

Mr. Colburn — I wanted to ask if anybody here knows
whether bees will work on foundation that is made nartially
of paraffin ?

Dr. Miller— Yes. they will.
Mr. Colburn — What proportion?
Dr. Miller — I don't know.

Mr. Wilcox — What causes the difference in foundation
with regard to some being very hard and others very soft at
the same temperature?

Mr. Dadant — Beeswax is a little like iron; you can cast
iron and make it malleable, and it is the same way with bees-
wax. Pour beeswax into a mould and the cake will be brit-
tle. It will break readily and you can't stretch it. But put
that cake of beeswax under the roller and it will become mal-
leable ; that is, warm it to a certain temperature. There are
a good many points concerning beeswa.x that it is impossible
for the genera! public to know. In regard to the adultera-
tion of beeswax with tallow, it may be well to inform you
as to the way of detecting tallow. It is very easily detected ;
it makes the beeswax softer, and when you have a cake which
you suspect of having tallow at the ordinary temperature,
run your fingernail over the cake. If it is pure beeswax it
will make ripples in the cake ; if it is tallow it will make
a dull-looking streak in the cake.

INCREASING THE CIRCULATION OF BEE-PAPERS.

Pres. York — Here is a question that I didn't ask myself,
but I would like to know the answer. "What can be done
to increase the circulation of bee-papers?"

Mr. Moore — Advertise.

Mr. Abbott— I do net think that that ought to be passed
by. I am not saying that because I am interested in papers ;
I don't publish a bee-paper ; I publish a farm paper. But it
does seem to me that there is not enough pride among bee-
keepers in our industry. I asked that question and I asked

Aug. 17, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURJXAL

585

it because I wanted to say something. You take the poultry
people, and there are in the United States something Uke
15 or 20 poultry papers that have a circulation ranging from
25,000 to 75,000. They all have good circulation, and every
poultry keeper swears by his poultry paper. Every poultry
keeper has a pride in his industry and therefore he reads
carefully his poultry paper. They do not all take the same
paper, of course, but they swear by some poultry paper, and
they go out and talk it up amongst their friends, and they get
subscribers for the different papers ; they are talking it up at
institutes and poultry meetings, and all the time interested
in pushing the circulation of their papers. But it seems to be
a crime to mention a bee-paper at any bee-convention. The
editors are so modest they will hardly distribute sainple copies
for fear some one will say they are trying to drum up trade.
If they are, they are drumming up trade that helps us. Take
the American Bee Journal, the only weekly bee-paper that is
published on this continent and it has a paltry circula-
tion say of less than 10,000 copies, and perhaps there are
less than 30,000, all told, that read bee-papers, and we are told,
and we tell the world, that there are over 300,000 bee-keepers
in the United States. Are there less than 30,000 out of 300,-

000 who have enough pride in the industry to spend one
dollar a year to learn what is going on in the industry? It
seems they must think it a very small business if it is not
worth investing a dollar in. There is no other kind of an
industry but what the people who belong to it are willing to
take three or four different papers. The hog people, the sheep
people, and the poultry people, take three or four papers. A
man came into my place the other day who is just an ordi-
nary poultry fancier in the city, and before he went out he
had subscribed for four poultry papers in addition to mine.

1 said to my wife, "That fellow has some pride in his indus-
try." If a man happens to take two or three bee-papers, and
spends two or three dollars a year for bee-literature, he seems
to think he is making a bank account for some fellow, that
lives in the city. I can't understand how it is we have so
little industrial pride in our papers. If the American Bee
Journal, instead of having less than 10,000 had 100,000 sub-
scribers, what a power it would be. Then when Mr. York
opened his mouth in the .American Bee Journal in regard to
such a thing as we have just been discussing it would mean
something, because he would have a constituency behind him,
and he could make himself heard all over this land. I say,
the way to do it is for the bee-keepers of the United States
to take an interest in the circulation of our bee-papers. Mr.
York, Mr. Root and Mr. Hutchinson will all be gone soon,
their hair will soon be as grey as mine — mine is not very
grey yet, but I am getting old, and I know it — and Dr.
Miller there, and somebody must come into their places, and
this industry is to be perpetuated and the bee-papers are
what perpetuate it, and I say we ought to take more interest
in it than we do, as individuals, and bodies.

Dr. Miller — I must say a word in defence after such a
lambasting as that. I very much doubt whether there is a
larger percentage of poultry men take the poultry papers
than the percentage of bee-men that take bee-papers. Did
you tell us how many poultry subscribers there are and how
many poultry keepers? Please remember this, that there are
more people that keep hens than keep bees, very many more ;
there are more than five times as many.

Mr. Abbott — I am talking of the poultry fancier.

Dr. Miller — If you count the poultry fanciers and the
bee-fanciers I think they will rate very fairly. I think the
bee-fanciers take just as many papers as the poultry fanciers
take poultry papers. But you must remember that the sub-
scription list of these papers is not made up of fanciers so
much as of those who keep a few hens or a few bees. My
wife keeps hens and several other wives keep hens, and Ihey
don't keep bees at all. When you take the number, I do
believe Mr. Abbott will find out he is a little hard on us.
We are keeping up to the mark just as well as the chicken
people are. The thing in a nutshell is, there are not so
many bee-keepers as there are of the others, and I don't
believe we are as "worse" as we might be.

Mr. Whitney — I agree somewhat with Mr. Abbott and
with the Doctor. I think the Doctor's position is about > r-
rect when he makes a comparison between the chicken n
and bee-keepers. But the fact is, we don't take the I'te-
papers as we ought to. I don't care how many chicken men
take chicken papers, every mother's son of us ought to take
a bee-paper. There is not a farmer in the country but ought
to t&ke an agricultural paper and a bee-paper and a fruit

journal. They all raise fruit, they all raise poultry, and
nearly all of them ought to keep a few colonies of bees ;
that is, keep them right, keep them as they should be kept.
I have tried my best in the last year to increase the sub-
scription list of the different bee-papers; I have succceeded
in getting four or five individuals to subscribe, and they are
delighted with what they get in the bee-papers. I think if
we would all take that interest in it. that we go to somebody
who is our neighbor — and some clever fellow would just as
soon give a dollar for something he doesn't know anything
about, may be he will learn something about it, and in that
way we have increased the circulation of these different
journals may be one hundred percent. I think we can do it
next year, and if we do that, we will increase the member-
ship of the National Association, too.

Mr. Dadant — I wish to take issue with Mr. Abbott in the
statement that there is a greater percentage of poultry raisers
who take poultry papers than there are bee-keepers who
take bee-papers. I believe it is the other way. I think
you all know everybody keeps poultry, except a few people
in the big cities. Every farmer keeps chickens. We see
the chickens when we pass by the farm-house ; and lots of
city people keep poultry. Now. what per cent are there of
those people who keep bees? How many are there of the
people who keep poultry who read a poultry paper? Only
here and there. But of those who keep bees the great
majority, who have an interest at all I believe, take a bee-
paper. There are plenty Vi'ho raise two hundred chickens
a year and who make money out of them who do not take
a poultry paper. But there are very few farmers that we
find who make any money at all out of bees that do not
take a bee-paper. Therefore, I believe, generally, the bee-
keepers take a journal where the poultry men do not take
a poultry paper.

Mr. Whitney — I know a bee-supply man who has a large
sign out by the side of the railroad advertising bee-keeper's
supplies and honey, and he doesn't take a journal, and I have
talked to him more than a little to get him to subscribe for
some of the journals.

Dr. Mill er— I would like to ask those bee-keepers who
take only one bee-paper to rise. (7 rose.) How many take
only two? (2.) How many take only three? (16.) How
man take only four? (5.) How many take more than four?
(6.) I am very glad to have the opportimity of asking those
questions. I want to follow the advice of Mr. Abbott, and
urge that those who do not take a bee-paper, that did not
rise, to take a bee-paper. You will like it; it will do you
good.

Pres. York— I would like to ask Mr. France to say
what he found in Wisconsin, where he had made a pretty
thorough canvass of bee-keepers, as to the proportion of
them that take a bee-paper.

Mr. France — A few years ago, I don't remember the
year, I was going to make a very thorough report v.^hile
inspecting bees over the State. I believe Wisconsin will
average up to any other State as a honey-producing State;
it will average as well in its proportion of those who are
readers of bee-papers. When I had finished that season, I
am sorry to say I found only one in twenty who was a
reader of the bee-papers. That looks pretty tough for my
own State, but I believe if you take the subscription lists
vou will find it will average up with the other States. It is
just the same with the farmers' institute. Wherever the
farmers' institutes were frequently held we found better
farmers; and invariably wherever I find a home that takes
a bee-paper I find a better bee-keeper.

Mr. Abbott— I want to say further, I know scores of
people who have from 10 to 15, 20 to 100 colonies, who do
not take any bee-paper at all. I have a way of finding out
because I am taking subscriptions on the basis of new sub-
scribers only for the American Bee Journal, and you would
be surprised to know the information that comes to me along
that line. People come to me and say, "I want to take
that club offer of yours;" and I say, "Why, you can't take
that; vou get the American Bee Journal right along; that
is {or' nczv subscribers." They say, "No, I don't. I don't
take it at all." Some of them say they never have taken it;
and some of them say, "I never have heard of it ; what kind
of a paper is it?" And they don't all live in Missouri, either.

[Laughter.]

(Continued oe.^t week.)

Why Not send in some new subscriptions for the Amer
ican Bee Journal ? Samples free for the asking.

586

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 17, 1905

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

White Clover and Cool, Wet Weather

In this locality, as in many others, white
clover is doing a wholesale business at grow-
ing and blooming. Plenty of nectar in the
bloom, too. But cool and wet weather has
not allowed the bees full chance at it. Yet
there may not be so much loss in that, for
cool, wet days may prolong the growth and
the blooming enough to make up all loss.
Good weather or bad, the bees have done a
lot of storing. Yet .July 20, while the fields
are still white, and apparently the bees are
hard at work, robber-bees are beginning to
trouble. There doesn't seem to be any plain
reason for it. Most likely, however, it is only
temporary. Other years there have been days
when the harvest seemed about to close, and
then the bees would take fresh hold again and
do good work. Their finished work would
show evidences of these breaks in the harvest.
A section would show that they had begun
rounding it off, sealing up without drawing
out to their fullest extent the outer cells,
some of the outermost cells still remaining
unsealed, then, as if by an afterthought,
these outermost cells would be drawn out to
their fullest extent, the afterthought show-
ing very plainly in the finished section.

Honey in the Heart of London

Over 50 pounds of comb honey of excellent
quality have recently been gathered in the
very heart of London. The bees belonged to
a woman apiarist. — Farmers' Review.

So-Called Poisonous Honey

Dear Miss Wilson:— I would like to ask
a question which bothers me. Can honey be
poisonous without poisoning the bees' The
reason I ask is this: While I was uncapping
some honey some was so green in the comb
that when taken out there was a slight tint
of green. New Jersey.

Yes, there is such a thing as bees gathering
honey that does not injure them, and yet is
poisonous to the human family— at least the
honey sickens the people that eat it. Such
cases, however, are rare, and it is not likely
you will ever be troubled in that way. There
IS the well-known story of soldiers— was it
Aenophon's army? — being thrown out of
action by eating honey gathered perhaps from
mountain laurel. Some say honey from lau-
rel IS poisonous, while others who live where
laurel is abundant say they never have any
poisonous honey. Down South honey from
yellow jasmine has a bad name.

Don't be alarmed at the slight tint of green
in honey Some very good honey has that ;
doesn't alsike or sweet clover honey «

How Many Supers to the Hive ?

What a difference in practice there is as to
the number of supers on a hive at the same
time. Now and then some one— generally a
beginner in the first year— talks as if only 1
super at a time were to be used. Indeed there
is— at least there has been— such a thing as a
closed-top section ; and with closed tops how
could more than one super at a time be used'
I wish some one who uses these closed-top
sections, or indeed uses only 1 super at a time,
whether the tops be closeu or open, would tell
us all about how it works.

Then there are those— experienced bee-
keepers, too— who advocate having only 2
supers at a time. It must be that their supers

hold more than usual, or that their colonies
are smaller than they are in this locality.
Some of our colonies would certainly be
crowded out of the hives if the attempt were
made to confine them to an 8-frame hive and
3 supers of 24 sections each. The bees simply
couldn't all get in.

Some of the 3-super folks would probably
raise their hands in horror if this third week
in July they should see the supers piled up
on our hives. Possibly 2 or 3 colonies have
only 1 super each. That's because something
has gone wrong with the colony, and it isn't
counted as amounting to anything. A very
few have only 2, and these are counted little
more than failures. The season, however, is

good, or these might not have even the 1 or 3.
Most colonies, however, have more than 3
supers each. Quite a number have 5, and a
few have 6 supers each.

Of course it is possible some colonies have
more super-room than they need, but it does
less harm to give too much than too little
room.

Very Small Honey Crop

Our honey crop here so far is very small.
It was too wet while the clover bloomed, and
when the basswood opened we had 3 or 4 days
of hot weather, and then 3 days of cold winds,
so that bees could not fly, or could not fly
enough to do anything. They work on sweet
clover now, but there is not plenty of it.
Goldenrod will soon bloom so they still have
a show, although there has been no show for
honey all summer — except a few hours at a
time. I received a card from Faribault, Minn.,
and it says that the honey crop so far is short
there. (Miss) Mart Theilmann.

Wabasha Co., Minn., Aug. 3.

Doctor 2TttIlcr 5 QixcstiouBox

=\

\=

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does «o( answer Questions by mail.

Plan for Wintering Bees

1. I am making some boxes to put over the
hives to winter the bees, and want them
water-tight. Would it be all right to cover
the boxes with tar-paper, or would the tar
odor be offensive to the bees?

3. Shall I close the entrance entirely during
winter, or only part? What size opening
should I leave? Illinois.

Answers.— 1. The tar-paper on the outside
will not trouble the bees.

3. By no means close the entrance entirely.
Leave an opening equivalent to 1 to 3 square
inches, according to the strength of the col-
ony.

"Llnins" Bees In the Woods

How can I line bees out in the woods?

Wisconsin.

Answer. — Set your bait and watch the
direction the bees go when they leave it. Then
move your bait in that direction, and try
again. Keep on till you find that the bees
go back in the opposite direction, and then
you'll know you've passed the right place,
and you can bait back nearer to it, all the
while keeping a close watch on the trees to
see or hear the bees flying in or out. Another
way is to cross-line. After watching the
direction the bees take, instead of moving
directly in that line, move at right angles to
it and watch the line the bees make. Now
guess about where the point would be where
these two lines cross, and try accordingly.

Meaning of ttueen Terms

1. In queen-bee advertisements what is the
meaning of untested, warranted tested, tested,
select tested, and breeders?

2. Have the untested queens sent as pre-
miums been mated! Wasuinqton.

Answers. — 1. As used with regard to Ital-
ian queens, these terms have been in use as
follows : An " untested " queen is one reared
from an Italian mother, and has begun to lay,
but it has not yet been determined what her
progeny will be, so it is not known whether
she has mated with an Italian or a black
drone.

A " tested " queen is one which has been
laying more than 3 weeks, and whose worker
progeny show the 3 yellow bands.

A " warranted '' queen is one whose progeny
has not yet been seen, but is sent out with the
agreement that if such progeny does not show
the 3 yellow bands it will be replaced with
another queen purely mated.

A " select tested " queen is one which in
some respects seems better than the average.

A "breeder" is one supposed to be of such
good stock and good characteristics as to be
superior to others to breed from.

It may be added that these things refer
largely to color, and a good many care less
for color than performance.

3. When a queen is sent out by any one, it
is always understood that she has been mated,
unless it is specially stipulated that she is to
be a virgin.

Miller Frame— Split Sections— Foun-
dation Splints— Spacing in Hives

1. In the Miller frame, what objections
would there be, if any, to halving all bars as
well as the bottom-bar, placing foundation
over one-half, then nailing together!

3. Could sections be made in the half form,
vertically, and a full sheet of foundation laid
between the halves, then fastened some way?

3. Why do your splints not extend from
top-bar to bottom-bar? On page 88 of " Forty
Years Among the Bees," you say " 'i inch
shorter than the inside depth of frame."

4. Such light sticks as your splints are
liable to twist or warp and make foundation
wavy. Do you often find them not exactly
straight just before using, and discard them?
I suppose after being boiled in wax they
would DO longer warp.

5. It is complained that side-spacers, nails
or staples are objectionable for several rea-
sons, and that an indented rabbet is objection-
able because the frames will not slide on it.
Could the bottom spacing be accomplished by
driving headless (" finishing ") nails Into the
hii<e-enils so they would strike the bottom-bars
in the middle, }ti inch from the bottom? To
lift frames this small distance, several at once,
and slide them on metal rabbets at the top
would seem reasonably easy, a slight iDclina.
tion of the frame being all that would be
necessary. To secure top-spacing, why could
not an indented metal spacer be used? One
could be laid on each end of the frames, the
two thus keeping the frames regular in dis-
tance. A notched strip of heavy tin, similar
to the notched stick used for fastening frames
for shipment (page '-'23, " A B C of Bee Cul-
ture''), would constitute the spacer. If the

Aug. 17, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

587

hive is to remain on the stand, these 2 top-
spacers could be removed before closing the
hive, merely being used for a moment to see
that the frames have been accurately spaced.
If the hive is to be carried a few feet to
another stand, the spacers could be left in
until the hive is settled. The tin strip would
simply be bent down, for the spaces between
the frames and the intervening parts be at
right angles so as to be flat and rest on the
frame top-bars.

Of course, for out-apiaries and removals to
the cellar, etc., different and more permanent
fixtures would be necessary. What I am try-
ing to get is a frame with all bars of identical
width and no projections, automatically
spaced, and with practically no propolis at-
tachments. I am using closed-end frames,
but I long for a hive where I can take out any
particular frame withoat touching any other
frame or springs, or other piece of hive furni-
ture. Can my plan secure this? Indiana.

Answers. — 1. I don't know that there
would be any objection except the extra
trouble and the difficulty of having all the
parts accurately fitted together. But I don't
think there would be any advantage in it. It
is barely possible that you may be thinl<ing
that if all parts of the frame were halved
there would be no need of any kind of sup-
port to keep foundation from sagging, but
unless you use foundation expensively heavy
there will certainly be need of splints or wires.

'2. Yes, such sections have been used to a
considerable extent in England. One objec-
tion is that the finished section does not pre-
sent so good an appearance, the foundation
showing through the upper surface of the
top-bar, and also through the side-bars.

3. Merely for convenience in putting in the
splints. If the splints filled the whole space
from top-bar to bottom-bar, it would take a
good deal more time to put them in. And it
would make no better work.

4. No, I have no recollection of ever dis-
carding a splint because it was not straight.
Neither do I remember seeing a splint that
was warped or twisted, either before or after
being boiled in wax. I think that a splint no
thicker than 1-16, even if warped or twisted,
would be straightened out when pressed in
the foundation.

0. Spacing, such as you mention at the top,
has been in use, and bottom-spacing has also
been used, but such spacing has not found
very general acceptance. Without actually
trying it, I should not expect your bottom-
spacing with nails to work very easily. You
would have to lift the frames at least an
eighth of an inch, and that would take away
all the slide at the top, and then it would be
some trouble to settle them at the right place
at the bottom. What is wanted often, is to
have one frame, or all the frames in the hive,
to slide as far as wanted with one shove. On
the other hand, I am pretty sure that your
spacing would not have to be changed in the
least to move hives in or out of the cellar, or
to haul to an out-apiary.

But remember that I don't know anything
about the whole affair any more than you do,
and the trial of one hive wculd settle the
question for you more than a year's guessing
on my pan. You see I'm not as good a
guesser as I mrght be, for I guessed you
would try to coax along a (|ueenless colony
in the spring rather than to reduce the num-
ber of hives with bees in by uniting, and you
went and did just the thing I guessed you
wouldn't do. Nevertheless, I'm going to ven.
ture another guess. Y'ou siy, " I long for a
hive where I can take out any particular
frame without touching any other frame, or
springs, or other piece of hive furniture."
Y'ou can easily have a hive that will allow
that so long as no combs are built in the
frames, but I venture the guess that when
you get combs built in the frame, they'll never
be so true and straight that you can take
hold of any one of them and lift it straight
up without interfering with one of its next
neighbors. When you do I'm ready to apolo-
gize for my skeptical guess.

r Peedlns Pollen-tiatherlnz Bees—
producing Beeswax

I. Do bees need to be fed if they are gather-
ing pollen every day, and nearly all day some

days, although they have not the least sign
of honey in the hives?

2. Will bees make nothing but wax it the
combs are taken out every day during a
honey-flow? I am so informed by a bee-
keeper. If he is right, what becomes of the
nectar which they are bound to gather? He
says they convert that into wax also. I am
much interested in this matter, for wax
should be our main object here in Cuba, as
our honey market is ruined. Cuba.

Answers.— 1. When bees are carrying in
pollen they are generally, if not always, carry-
ing in at least a little honey. They would
hardly live without gathering any. If none
can be seen in the hives, it is because they use
it up for their daily needs, and although they
may get along in that hand-to-mouth manner,
it would be better to feed so that at least a
small amount of stores should be in sight in
the hives.

2. You will hardly make a brilliant success
of wax-production by taking out the combs
daily; that is, if you should take out all
combs. There must be plenty of comb left at
least for brood-rearing. Success in producing
wax has been reported by taking out the
combs every tew days and feeding back the
honey. Bees will construct comb only so
fast as they have something to put in it, and
your informant is not so far out of the way
when he says that wax will be made of the
nectar they gather if they have no comb in
which to store it.

ural harvests, but queen-breeders generally
find it uphill business to get on when the
flowers are not in good working order.

2. If there is an inevitable diminishing of
natural pasturage, it must certainly have its
effect upon the industry. But you will par-
don ine it I say that I am very skeptical about
any such diminishing. There may be locali-
ties where only a fifth as many colonies can
be supported as 20 years ago, but take the
country at large, and I believe there's as much
nectar secreted as there was 20 years ago.

ttueenless Colony — Swarming— Uni-
ting a Swarm witli a Colony

ttueen-Rearing-Is Natural Bee-Pas-
turage Diministilng ?

1. Can queen-rearing be made a prufltable
pursuit in a locality where the honey-yield is
not sutlicient to warrant one to run an apiary
for surplus honey?

2. Is the inevitable diminishing of natural
pasturage for bees, which is gradually taking
place, calculated to affect seriously the indus-
try in this country? I am told that localities
which 20 years ago would abundantly support
100 colonies, will nvm barely support 20.

Georgia.

Answers. — 1. I have some doubt about it.
To be sure, feeding can take the place of nat-

1. I have one colony of bees which I think
has lost its queen, but I am not sure of it. I
looked all through the hive and could not flnd
her. The bees worked hard after I first hived

I them, but are not working so well now. Do
you suppose the queen is dead?

2. W ill these bees construct queen-cells and
rear another queen?

3. A colony cast a swarm 3 or 4 weeks ago
and it has not swarmed since. What do you
suppost is the trouble?

4. Would it he all right to put a new swarm
in with a weak colony and thus make a strong
one out of it ; Iowa.

Answers.— 1. I'm afraid they have no
queen.

2. Yes, if you give them a frame of eggs and
young brood they will be pretty sure to rear a
young queen. But it will expedite matters
very much if you give them a frame from a
colony that has swarmed, said frame having
on it a sealed queen-cell. It will be likely,
too, to be a better queen.

3. You probably have an idea that every
colony that swarms should send out one or
more afterswarms. That is by no means
always the case Many a colony is satisfied
to send out a prime swarm without thinking
of swarming again. And most bee-keepers
would be thankful it there was no such thing
as an afterswarm.

4. Yes; but in thus uniting, the 2 queens
should be both laying queens, or both virgin
queens. If one has a laying queen and the
other a virgin, they are likely to fight.

/T

K

^

mv. pasty's afteitl?oiu3l?ts

=^

The

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

"T"

SECTION WITH TOP AND BOTTOM STARTERS.

On page 456, that picture of a section with
the top pieces of foundation in it is very
admirable in its distinctness. We can see that
the two pieces of foundation areof two differ-
ent kinds, one with side walls much better
developed than the other. The picture is
praiseworthy from two different directions — a
beautiful example of distinctness as a picture,
for one thing, also a most excellent way to
show the uninitiated just how the thing is
done.

AMOUNT OF COMB SURFACE TO BE SEALED
BEFOKE EXTRACTING.

As to what proportion ot comb surface
should be sealed before extracting, 6 of the
29 experts do not give direct answers. I am
delighted to see that a majority ot those who
do (13 out ot 2;i) say it should be all sealed,
or nearly all— and Doolittle puts in the
" tiger" by saying to let it ripen two weeks
afler it is all sealeil. Good ! It practice now
could only be as i:<cellent as precept ! As to
the minority, six name J., to only two for -'s,
one 'v ^od one ' One-third used to be the
leading precepL, mid now it only gets one
vote. Page 45ri.

BALDRIDGE FOIL BROOD TREATMENT.

The Baldridge plan of treating foul brood
by depleting the "Id colony to nothing, and
building up in u place a new and healthy

colony looks very well on paper. All it lacks
is use sufficiently long and broad to show that
it actually works according to program
always. It it does fail you have increased not
exactly the number ot your diseased colonies,
but the number of your diseased combs. The
general success ot this attractive method is
greatly to be hoped for. Page 469.

now HEES MEASURE ANGLES.

Never thought ot it before till Mr. Doolittle
told me! Each bee carries antenn;v bevel-
squares to measure distances and verify an-
gles. Now, maybe that is the way they get
their angles and diameters so nearly uniform.
While making the first raise of the outer wall
ot a cell, they can gently keep touching the
inner wall which is already up a bit. But
those who have observatory hives and sharp
eyesight must verify it that they actually do
that — lest we be like that great professor
(reputed the greatest in America), who gave
it out that bees stood in their cells and built
them up around them I Page 471.

WOULD >'." E THE EMPTY HONEY-BARRELS.

Our edito]' read a good paper to the Minne-
sota folks aliout keeping the grocers supplied
but 1 must get one arrow into it. Destroy-
ing a tight Niirrel to get the honey out of it is
one of the br.rbarisms ot tne past which it is a
reproach to our inventive good sense to have
continued uiinute longer. No patriotic per-

588

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 17, 1905

son, remembering how near exhanstion our
country's wood-supplies are, can loolf at such
crazy waste with placid feelings. I'll guess
that the winning way will be a loop of slender
steam pipe thrust through a big bunghole —
next shake it a good plenty — next turn out
into a tank and finish the process there. The
value of such a barrel as honey ought to be
trusted in, would more than pay a laborer for
a day's work getting the honey out. Page 473.

THE HIGH PRICE OF SECTIONS.

Mr. Bevins is puzzled at my seeming so in-
different to the high price of sections. I wrote
fin a private letter) just as I felt. Presum-
ably I felt that way partly from willingness to
see good people make a good profit — as long
as they refrain from making hogs of them-
selves altogether. Moreover, I felt that the
cost of suitable wood would soon be up to the
flve-dollar-a-thousand mark, if it isn't now.
Not wise to do kicking (mostly in vain) about
so short a period of overcharge. I'll bend a
little, however — can say that I don't at all
admire selling No. 2 sections as No. 1. Per-
fectly white and clear material will have to be
high while material that will make No. 3's
holds out yet. Page 473.

I 2?cports anb
Experiences

Bees Ooing Well

I have 9 colonies. On June 15 they were
all doing super work. On July b three of
them began on their fourth super, having
stored 72 pounds each. J. R. Chkistie.

Miami Co., Kans., July S.

Hot Weather Burns the Clover

The bees in this locality stored several
pounds of surplus honey as long as it lasted,
which was about 2 weeks in June and the
first part of July. Then hot weather set in
and burned the white clover and basswood
brown, leaving the bees in a condition to do
nothing. They hang about the hives as if
they were half asleep. To-day we had some
rain, but it didn't last long, though it helps
the bees. They were working on mustard
right after the rain. The average will be
about 7.5 pounds per colony.

„, „ B. F. Schmidt.

Clayton Co., Iowa, Aug. 2.

Fine Crop of Honey

We had a fine crop of honey here. I have
up to date about 3500 pounds of as fine honey
as I ever produced, and have increased to 200
colonies of bees. There is prospect of a good
fall flow. Everything seems to be favorable.

Madison Co., 111., July 17. L. Webneb.

Bees Doing Fairly Well

The bees are doing fairly well, but it has
been too wet in this locality. I am taking off
some fine honey to-day. F. McBride.

Hardin Co., Ohio, July 28

Inspecting Apiaries

The State Inspector of Apiaries, Mr. J. Q
bmith, visited some of us recently by invita-
tion. He first called on Mr. J. E. .Johnson,
president of the Western Illinois Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, who has an apiary of 56 col-
onies in the south part of Knox county. His
bees were found in good condition. When he
overhauled my apiary of IC colonies he found
8 diseased. He pulled off his coat, slid into a
pair ol overalls, and went lo work. We put
foundation into nearly !i)ij lirood-frames, the
bees of the fS colonies into ntw hives, and the
hives which had contained ihe diseased bees
aside for the rendering tank.

I spent 3 days with Mr. Smith, visiting and
caring for apiaries in this vicinity, and would

recommend any of our members who have dis-
eased bees to call upon him. He is thorough
in his work, and has practical knowledge of
the various diseases of bees.

Alt AH Retnolds.
Knox Co., 111., July 17.

" Culver's Physic " a Honey-Plant

I am sending a blossom of what I would
call a weed, but I tell you it is a good one,
and 1 find the bees working on every blos-
som. What is it?

I have just 100 colonies with my increase
and they are doing very well.

C. M. Laurence.

Black Hawk Co., Iowa, July 20.

[The weed to which you refer is Leptandra
Virginica, or Culver's physic, but if you find
it more useful than useless, it might be well
to call it simply a plant rather than a weed.
Of course, weeds are plants, but plants that
keep their place, and are orderly and valua-
ble directly or indirectly to man, should not
be called weeds.— C. L. Walton].

Heavy Loss in Wintering

I put 35 colonies of bees into winter quar-
ters last fall, and there was not one living
bee in the 35 hives when I took them out, so I
had to start anew, and was quite discouraged.
I bought 3 colonies, which came on the train,
and as they were being loaded on the car some
of the bees got out, and the men who were
handling them threw the hive down. I lost
one colony in this way. I sent for 2 more to
Ontario, and when they came both queens
were dead. I hope I will have better luck
another year. Henbt Swain.

York Co., N. B., July 39.

About Half a Honey Crop

There is about halt a honey crop here in
southern Iowa. Two weeks of rain did it.
Bees ceased gathering June 27.

A. B. Tackaberry.

Van Buren Co. , Iowa, Aug. 2.

The Great Value of Honey

I am very much interested in bees, having
started with 11 colonies. I have discovered
that honey is very healthful, so much nour-
ishment is to be derived from eating it. In
our home it is a remedy for all ills. To use it
is to know its true value. A. .McConket.

Lyon Co., Iowa, July 31.

Not a Good Honey-Flow

The honey season is over for the present.
We have not had a very good flow. I have
3 bee-yards located in a valley running not
quite north and south. The home bee-yard
did the poorest; my next yard about 5 miles
north did the best; the other one about 12
miles north comes next. It would seem that
the latter has the best chance, as it has a more
extended te-ritory, while the other two yards
are wedged in between the hills.

I may not have much more than a ton of
white comb honey and 1000 pounds of ex-
tracted, from 160 colonies, spring count. I
increased but little.

We expect some buckwheat honey, par-
ticularly in the yard that has already done
the best. j. Greiner.

Ontario Co., N. Y., July 31.

Good Bee Country— Hot Weather

I live 20 miles from a railroad, in the hills,
and have about 10,000 acres of farming land,
all in grain and cattle raaches. Our town has
only two families, but we have a post-office.
The Valley is stocked with heavy oak timber,
and so are the hills, and one does not need to
go very far to find a bie-tree in a 200-acre
patch. I have found 11 of them.

Last spring I had 2(; colonies of bees, but
did not have enough exira hives on hand for
swarms that might issu;-, so I made boxes and

sent to San Francisco for the fixtures. After
4 months the goods came. During that time
I lost more than half of my bees. The very
day the supplies came I lost a big swarm with
the queen which I received from the Ameri-
can Bee Journal last year, and shortly after-
ward I lost the rest. I saved only 6 out of the
whole apiary. By the first of April swarming
was all over.

I increased to 48 colonies, and from one col-
ony took 4 supers of the nicest and whitest
honey I ever saw, and it has 3 supers on yet.

July 4th was exceedingly hot in this local-
ity. The thermometer was 115 degrees in my
house; at different places in the Valley 3
miles from my home it was 120 degrees, and 5
miles below it was 122 degrees. 1 heard that
some places in the San -loaquin Valley it was
as high as 138 degrees, dogs went mad and
had to be killed, and men became insane and
jumped out of windows. The combs in hives
with brood and sections full of honey melted
down to the bottom, drowning everything. I
lost at least $50 worth of bees and honey. I
raised all the covers during this hot weather,
and had shade-boards on all the hives.

This is a good bee-country, and I would
like to make a business of bee-keeping. But
I am ilone, have poultry besides, and have to
do my own cooking and housekeeping, so I
am afraid I shall not make a success of it.
Bernhard Schnuchbl.

Monterey Co., Calif., July 18.

Different Races of Bees

In speaking of races of bees, the different
authorities on bee-keeping do not give a
description sufUoiently definite to enable
those unacquainted with the different races
to distinguish one from the other, except per-
haps the 3-banded light and dark, and the
golden or 5-banded, Italians. I wish some
one would describe the Caucasian, the Cyp-
rian, the Carniolan and the Holy Land bees ,
giving size, color, and general appearance.

Just now all these different bees are being
advertised for sale, and very many bee-keep-
ers know nothing about them. I have been
acquainted with the different colored Italians
and the Egyptians, but the other varieties
named I have never seen, nor read nor heard
a clear description of, by any of the authori-
ties on bees. Dr. G. Bohreb.

Rice Co., Kans., July 31.

Very Short Honey Crop

As far as I can learn the crop so far is short
— very short. We had a very unusual cold
and wet spring. May 29 bees were starving.
They have been very slow to breed up since
then, and were not in good condition for the
first honey-fiow, which is just past. We will
hope the next crop will be a great deal better.
I am running for extracted honey, although
nearly all other bee-keepers are producing
comb honey. J. T. Hammersmark.

Washoe Co., Nev., July 31.

HanT' Comb Foundation Mills

Honey Glassware

We have for sale a 0-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

%-lb. and 1-lb. Octagon Xip-1"op tilass
Honey- Jars. Prices: 84-pounds, $4.50a
gross; 3 gross for $13. 1-lb., 1 gross, $5.25;
3 gross for §14.50. Address,

YORK HONEY M^^'^^y^ CO.

(Not iacorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.
Flease mentloii Bee .iomual vtrtien wrttlaK

Please meutlou Bee Jonrual
when writing Advertisers.

'i

Aug. 17. 1905

THE 4!V1ERIC4N BEE JOURNAL

589

THE DEMAND FOR

Moore's strain ol Italians

Is greater thi<% season thau ever. Why? Because his FAMOUS LQNG-TONGUED RED-
CLOVER STOCK ^3.s won a world-wide reputation for houey-gatheciuff, hardiness, and
geatieoess. I'hey were working so thick on a field of red clover at haying-'time that
the man who cut it was afraid to drive his horses into it to mow it. Their long tongues
enable them to secure nectar beyond the reach of short-tongued bees.

Untested Queens, 75c each; six, $4; dozen, $".£0. Select Untested, $1 each; six, $5;
dozen, $9. Sale arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Descriptive circular free.

Address, J. P. MOORE, Rt. I, Morgan. Pendleton Co., Ky.

p. S.— I am now filling orders BY RETURN MAIL. 29Dtf

^^^•r, /•'•'^■'■!:(»r- Hf*e Jouni.^i wii-.-a wr-f

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. n

ourHI^VES and SE0TI02>TS |
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. "sa

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National. — The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, a«d continue three
days.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be a* the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer, long sound of a;, corner of Houston
and .Jefferson Sts., and rates are only ?1. 00 a
day, and up. The convention will beheld at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, <S'<!c.

Missouri.— The Missonri State B6e-Keepers'
Association will meet in Sedalia, Aug. 22 and
23, opening session to be at 2:30 p.m , Aug. 22.
The room to meet in will be named later on.
The State Fair meeting there at the same time
will obtain low railroad rates from all parts of
the State. The Livestock Association also meet-
ing there on the 24th will give us some inspira-
tion. Hon. Geo. B. Ellis, Secretary of the Agri-
cultural department, will be there and give a
talk and lend a helping hand. Louis A. Osborn,
of that place, has kindly offered to act as host,
and will direct to the place of meeting and to
accommodaiion. Hotel accommodations can be
had at $1 to $2 a day. Private boarding cheaper.
Let ns turn out en masse and have a glorious
time as well as to effect some extraordinary
progress. W. T. Cart. Sec.

DON'T BE BOTHERED

Willi lire uri poultry. SehildVLIcht-
alMiEL.ice KllLlne Machine instant-
\\y removes them from tiniest ehiok
nr fat ^'obbler. 3 sizes. Also Poultry

jBitg. Lice Murder, Lightning T.ice

iKillincr Powder, etc. Catalog fcee.

I CHARLES SCHTLD CO..

■ 8 FronkiDrt St, Cleveland, O.

Please TOeiiCio-t" .r^n.-t joqj-ui '^r<Hu ■wntaruiP:

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

^ ♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, III.

Diuiner's Foundaiion is liie Best.

Send for Catalogs, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yoarseli. 1904 output, SO percent
li^crease over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

t Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Di'.t ier*s Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Fleass mention Bee Jonm&l when 'vrrltliui

CapltaUCity Apiary!

Fine Italian Queens

Untested, after June 15, ~5c; Tested, SI. 00;

Breeders— the very best, $5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. ^VAL.TER S. HO$«S,

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

A Famous Breed-Holstein-Frleslan

Holsteins will average 1000 to 1200 pounds of
butter a year. They are an excellent breed
for dairymen and cheese makers. Realizing
the popularity and value of these cattle
Bioodfd Sti>ck — that husliing Block paper —
will give up its August issue to HolstetDS.

Blooded Stock

lor August will contain a complete history of
this breed; telling of their Dutch origin;
their value as milkerB, butter producers,
cheese makers,etc. W. J.GiUettheads the
list of contributors.

The September number wlU be devoted to
Torkshira hogs. Subscribe now! 2&c a
year. Anybody can afford 25c.

Blooded Stock, Box 221, Oxford. Pa.

■Tisj. wnon wrttimt

to M« H E

"" Pal'd 18J8, '83, '»'.: & ItlUS

Otisvillk, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers yonr new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor ol Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in.
dnced me to yet mine. Frbd Fodnkr.

r ease '.unuiiJu Bee Journal whea orrHtinp

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

590

THE AMERICAN BEE JOGRNAL

Aug. 17, 1905

DOOLITTLE'S

Partner telling his
best girl about the
fine

Italian
Queens

in their apiary. Don't
order a queen till you
get one of their cir-
culars.

CHOICE BREEDERS

Now being sent out.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK,

llDtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

f lease mention Bee journal -when wrltliw

Made of Michigan white pine; 24-lb., $13;
12-lb., ,$S; 30-lb. Danzy, Sll per 100; less than
100 lots, >2C more each; 3-in. glass. Ic each
more; No. 1 Sections, $4; No. 2, $3.50 per
1000. All kinds of Supplies kept in stock.
Send for list. W. 1>. SOPER.

Rural Route 3, JACKSON. MICH.

27Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

lO-Page Catalog Free!

1*

^B Full information regardinK all kinds of BBB*
KKBPBRS' SUPPLIES, Best goods. Latest im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt sliipments. John Nebbl & Son Sopplt
Co., High Hill, Mo, 3Dtf

ITALIAN QUEENS^

Cntested 65c $1.75 $3.00

Tested 90o 3.40 4.50

Safe arrival guaranteed.
JOHN LEININQER, Ft.Jennings.OhIo

29Dtf Please mentiou the Bee Journal.

WANTED ^ ^

500 Colonies ol Beeo to run on shares in South-
west Texas— that great honey country. Per-
sonal attention. H. H. HYDE
31 D2t 111 Fourth St., s an Antonio, Tex.

Select Tested Breeders

Golden Yellow Breeding Queens, 91. Every
young queen from them yellow as gold. Non-
swarming, non-stingers and hustlers for
honey, s-page leaflet on Queen-Rearing free
to all.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Queens-ITALIAN-^ueens

BY RETURN MAIL

Queens from Root's Red Clover Stock and
Golden Italian (Queens— the best honey gath-
erers in America. Untested, 50o each, or $6
per dozen. I guarantee safe delivery. Send
your orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Fort Deposit, Ala.

33Alf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WAINITED

A man and wife (no children) to take charge
of a small country home. Must be a gooJ
gardener, who also understands bees, poultry,
cows and horses. A gond place and home for
the right kind of people. Address or call on,
C. E. HERRICK,
Room 635 Rla'.to BIdg., Chicago, III.

Please mention
when wrltitie .

Bee Jonmal
advertisers.

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN MAIL. Breeders used ;
Imported dark leather-colored Italian; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct.

Untested 12 for

6 for

1 for

I After Oct. 1.

.$6.00 I Untested 13 for

. 3.25 " 6 for

.60 " 1 for

i Tested
Each $1.50

4.00 I Breeders—
.75 I Each 3.00

27A13t

JOHN M. DAVIS. Spring Hill, Tenn.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HARSHFIELD flANUFACTURlNQ CO., narshfleld. Wis,

I Shipping;=Cases |

^ &

!^ The difference between good Cases and poor Cases is the difference between loss ^i

1^ through breakage in shipping. 9:

■ g. John Doll & Son's Shipping-Cases are known far and near for quality. They ^;

•^ have a reputation for honesty. These Cases cost no more than the poorest — why ^•

:^ not have the best? Send your order to us now to insure prompt shipment. S;

I JOHN DOLL & SON, I

;^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

We are

Maniiiacliirers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING- - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS— HIVES-AND EVERY-
THING- FOR THE IBEE- KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments. L,ow Prices

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

i

Au?. 17. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

591

B66§UPPli6S I

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest « Prices

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, 50 cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO..

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

eieaae mention tiee journal -wlien writSna
• ITA.IjIA.1T

Eees,Clueeiis and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $.65

One tested queen 00

One select tested queen . . 1.10

One breeding queen 1.65

One comb nucleus (no

qneeni 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival ^aranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of eaoli grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
prices. •'• ^' STRi^NCr.

ao4 East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joarsal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water ST. Chicago. III.

Please mention h«eJonma; ^wr-ec vnntinA

LICE SAP LIFE

Thut's how they live and thrive.
Yuu can't have healthy, profitable
fowls or itock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

prnmptiv kllla all Insect vermin and

^^^ maken ptttinir hens oumfortable.

rft?\^^^ V Sample tOc; 100 nz . H.on hy express.

\%^rtr^4lK ®- K. STOCK FOOI> CO..

V&'y^iKlF^ ^^ Laml.Hrt, Vire-Pres.

\fo^/^^ 4<>6 MoDon Bldff., Chicago. IIL

Flease mention Bee Jouruat when "wiitine
New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would jjaj those having tc in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us jour low-
est spot cash prices, and fullj describe the
e'oods and styleof package; when you can ship^
etc. We handle more ot these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLBY & SON. Bees and Honey

MANZANOLi, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Queens Now ReadyioSoDDiy
Do Return Mail

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries

from selected mothers; have proven their qualities as

GREAT HONEi'-GATHERERS.

/~f /-vlz-l/ikn I ■<- o IJ O M ^ Have no superior, and few equals. B— I
VJUIUCII I Idlldlla Untested, -oc; 6 for $4.00. Ka

Red Clover Queens ^^
Carniolans

W hich left all records be-
in honey-gathering,
tested, 75c ; 6 for $4.
— They are so highly recommended, beinjj
more gentle than all others. Untested, 7bc ;
6 for $4.00.

C. H.W.WEBER S"

Office «nd Salesrooms. 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Ayes.

^oncy anb

Chicago. Aug. 4.— Fancy white, 14c; No. 1,
white, 13@13!<c; fancy amber,ll@12c; No. 1, am-
ber, 9@10c; fancy dark, 10c; No. 1, dark, 'ic.
White extracted, o@7c; amber, S@6c; dark,
5®Siic. Beeswax, 28c.

The new crop is appearing- and selling in a
fair way considering- that this is midsummer
time. R. A. Bokkktt <t Co.

Albany, N.Y., July 26.— There is some call
for honey, new crop, and if here would proba-
bly sell for best prices of season, as the general
impression is there will be a large crop. White
comb honey will start off at 15c to earlv buyers.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, July 20.— New comb honey has
made its appearance; fancy white in 24-section
cases selling at S2 75 per case; No.l at $2.50, and
good demand. There is no new extracted iu as
yet, market on old stock being quotable at from
S@6c. Beeswa.'E, 25'a 28c. C. C. clbmons ± Co.

Cincinnati, Aug. 2.— At this writing there is
a good demand foi extracted honey; shipments
ate arriving daily. New comb honey is coming
in quite freely, although the demand is only
fair, a condition which may be expected early
in the season. We quote amber extracted in
barrels and cans at 5X@6H cents respectively.
White clover extracted at ~(sS%c. Fancy white
comb at 12@15c. Beeswax, 26c.

Thb Fred W.Muth Co.

Denver, June 26. — The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enoutrh of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new crop comes in; the same is
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, f2iq ^.;.20; No. 2, $1.T5@$2. White
extracted, 5)i(a,7Xc perpound. Beeswax, 26c.
The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

New York, June 19.— The comb honey mar-
ket is very quiet and we are hardly justified iu
making quotatiotis. Some few lots are sold here
and there at 13c fm fancy, and 10@12c for lower
grades, but no lari,'e blocks could be moved at
these figures. There is still considerable of
last year's crop un'^old,part of which, nodoubt,
will have to be ca -led over until the fall. Ex-
tracted honey iu lairly good demand. New
crop California honey selling at 6X(a>7c for
water-white, 6@o}^c for white,^and 5@5Jic for
light amber. Southern at £0w60cper gallon
according to quality. Beeswax somewhat de-
clining; choice average stock selling at 29c.

HlLDRBTH A SbGELKBN

Philadelphia, Aug. 7.— Some honey arriv-
ing, with prospects of a good crop all through
the East, but no call for comb honey during
the hot weather, so that prices are not as yet
established. Extracted honey arriving freely.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 7@8c; am-
ber, 6(s7c. Beeswax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm, A. Sblser.

Cincinnati, O., Aug. 8. —There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is in usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7®8c; amber, in barrels, at SH@S'ic; in cans,
5Ji@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. fl. W. Weber.

San Francisco, Aug. 2.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, 9@io cents; amber, 7.«8c. Extracted,
water-white, S@SJic; white, 4i4@5c; light am-
ber, 4@4M cents; amber, 3)(i@4c; dark amber,
25<@3c. Beeswax, good to choice, light, 2S@29c.

There has been no noteworthy movement in
honey during the current week. Prices remain
steady as quoted. Receipts have been of fair
size and show a very superior quality. Local
jobbers complain that apiarists are holding
above the ideas of local dealers and therefore
little business is done.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Kass-
-wood Hoiiey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 1 can
in a box, at S L-ents a pound ; 2 or more cans,
boxed, at 7}.^ cents— all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order. Sample, by mall, S cents in
stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYI^u^ppI^v^CO.

Hi li:; Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

If so. we can fill your order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
S-band Italians; they will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
$8 per doz. Tested Queens, Jl each. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.
13Atf LoREAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

Please mention Bee jotimal when wntine.

592

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Au^. 17, 1905

"Experience Teaches a Hard School'

IT is a bad plan to give your order for
Sections and Shipping-Cases, or in fact
anything in the bee-supply line, to the man
who quotes you the lowest price. There's
as much difference in bee-goods as there is
in people. Last spring a bee-keeper in
Michigan wrote to firms throughout the
country for prices on a large bill of goods.
Some of the quotations he received were
delightfully low and inviting, much lower
than " Lewis " offered them at. The man
took all his catalogs and correspondence to
an old bee-keeper of long experience and
asked his advice. Result: We Got the
Order.

LEWIS' GOODS are worth every cent
they cost, and whether you receive them in
the dead of winter or at the height of the
honey-flow, or when your bees are swarm-
ing, they will fit accurately, admit of being
put together quickly, and will be found to
be made of the finest material. This saves
you time ; this saves you trouble ; this
saves you honey, and time, trouble and
honey mean money to you. Your honey put
up in good shape will bring higher prices,
and the demand for it will be increased
from year to year. This factory's reliable
goods have started many a man on the road
to success.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwya, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Haussen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus ,!v! Co., Seattle.

6. B.LEWIS CO. B

Manufacturers of

ee- Keepers'

Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A..

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at San Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 30, 31 and Nov. 1.

-*-'--*--^/--*-AAA

■' ▼▼▼TT^^^ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼■

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK & CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

'W^'^

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., AUGUST 24, IS 05

No. 34

\

APIAKT OP MK9. AND MB. .liME-' HONAKER, OF VERNON CO., WIS.

(See page 602).

594

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug, 24. 190S

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV

6E0RGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SITBSCRIPTION PRICE Of this Journal 19
$1 OO a year, in the United States. Canada, and
Meiico; all other countries In the Postal Union, iu
cents a year extra for postaRe. Sample copy free.

THE WKAPPBR-LABEIj DATE indicates tlie
endof the month to which your subscription ispai.i.
For instance. "deciio"on your label shows that it 19
paid to the end of Dtcember, 19U4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.~We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, bin
change the date on ytmr wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING KATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist —To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and detend its members in their
lawful riBhts. ■ ^ *i, ^ ,* *■ *

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
boney.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wis.

f^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
onblishers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tlie Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-beeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $i.W for each
20 ( or fraction of 20) colonies of bees (spring count )
he owns or operates.

2. Any hooey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
fifth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George W. Tork, Manager,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
\9i)^, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW suberription with $i.tiO for the
Bee Journal a year. Now i^ the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish rxtra copies of the Bee
Journal tor use as samples, let us Itnow how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

H0NEY=JAR5.

For a limited time we oifer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding one

fionnd of honey net, one ^ross in case complete
d S-gros8 lots, $4.00 per gross; less qnamities,
$4 50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you waul
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 i. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf PleaKP mi»nii<in the Hee. Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a huudri-il iniU-s ut me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Mi'hipan. I am on the I'ere
Marquette K.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's <J<>oils, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

28.\12t

FREMONT. MICH.

TfTTlTT^.* '^I^' ''?0^ '-?♦.■»" ■'!♦^ '1♦^ 'i#^ 'tlr 'i#^ '':•.■» ''.♦.* 'tt.* ''S^ '^^ ''4^' ''!♦^ ^^ '^t.* 's#.*' ^9s ■"!#!.■ ^f^^^

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES I

itJLJitiL ilk

'if.- -it."-

Root's Goods at Root's Prices |

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POLDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freig-ht Rates. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Nail

#

Untested Queen * .75

Select Untested Queen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen $5.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

WAb «iv. ^A'«. liAV. •'Ab. WAV. .«tV. .a'Air. .WAir, .liiii. .WAii. .a'Air, .^$'0. .«'Ai'. .1iA'>. .WAir. .WAir. .*$'». .sAv. Mt'*- ■^^''. .«A'. .*A<'. .*t!r. mAW, .^Ajr. .«#■>,

ToTTfT wTr» Tf* f f" ^t.*" '.f* "^f* '!•.'' -'!•.» if» if* if.- if* if* if- if- i#.- if- if- if- if- it- if- -ifTTf*-

".'ease mouuou ±iee Jouri-a wa-^i: -t^-rvu.

Millions of Sections
SliiDDin2-Casesf§3gDA??oT

Abundance of Bee-Smokers, Bee- Veils, Bee-Escapes, Bee-Hives, etc. Every-
thing- the bee-keeper needs. The best goods made. Lewis' Goods in Indian-
apolis at Factory Prices. Orders received in the morning shipped same
day. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS mailed promptly from our breeder, here in
the city. Untested, 75c; Select Untested, $1.00; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested,
$2.00.

Clui cr^/^ I I jf r^r\ ioo4 east wash, street
• IVI. OOw I I OC \^\Jm INDIANAPOLIS. IND. 4••^ •^••^ ^-t*

N.B. — A Porter Bee-Escape, or Its equivalent, FREE with first order, if you say where you saw

this ad. ^-.a^v;^ jLijUSUSuim teri-a ^ ^j I^r^.^.. Biiea. W":>..w.-L

Diumer's Foundaiion is liie Best.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

Working Wax Into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger &. Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer*s Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please mentlou Bee Journal -when 'WTitin&

Lewis' Slijpping-Gases

Sections, and a
full line of
Bee -Supplies

CO.

By Return Freight or Express. Send to

H. M^ARND, YORK HONEY M^P^y KjXI. (Notmc.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long- Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalos- !»ii«l prices on Honey on application. If you want tiood Uoods
at raeloi-y i>rices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 28c cash, or 30c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal l^lnSm

Aug. 24, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

595

u

DADANT'S FOraDATION"

IT EX:OELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ «

OF ALL KINDS.

.''$1'. -"'fe^ j«^ if ■j^ite'

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

t

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEVE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS

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Saiact Taatad - - - 2.0(

Select Breeders, each

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THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

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Wa Sell Root's Goods in michiqan

Let us qnote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
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freight. Beeswax Wanted lor Casb.

M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
S^ease mentJon Bee JoTiniaJ -when writui^

VIRGINIA QUEENS I'/'rcr^oss^nd'years
of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtaiaed from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June IS, 60c; tested
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traced Catalog, and read description of Alternating I

Write at onue for Catalog, either English or German I

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AGENCIES3^:__

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FINE QUEENS

By Return riall. From my
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CHAS. M. DARROW

F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

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596

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 24, 1905

e«

What is tbe United States Government Doini
for Hie Bee-Reeper?

A general view of the Experimental Apiary ot the U. S. Government, at Washington, D.C.,
in charge of Frank Benton. Photographed by D. E. Lyon.

Do You Know?

<ag

Do you realize to just what extent Uncle Sam has the
interest of his bee-keepers at heart? Few do. To get the
whole truth we have sent Mr. D. E. Lyon to Washington
with instructions to place before the readers ot Gleanings
just what is being and what intends to be done by the
Division of Apiculture ot our great National Department ot
Agriculture at Washington. Mr. Lyon gives the results of
his journey in the August l.ith number of Gleanings. What
he tells is intensely interesting, and every bee-keeper should
know the facts. Mr. Lyon has also obtained some splendid
photos, which are reproduced in this number.

Mr. Frank Benton, head ot the Division ot Apiculture,
is now on a journey around the world in search of new Bees
and Honey-Plants. Gleanings keeps in close touch with
him, and its readers are always sure of obtaining news first
hand of this most remarkable trip.

Grading- Rules

In the Aui;ust 15th issue ot Gleanings is found another
article of greatest practical value to beekeepers. It is
headed, " Comb Honey Grading Rules.'' Hardly one bee-
keeper in ten understands grading, which is of such impor-
tance in marketing comb honey. For this reason there is
much confusion and loss. Gleanings has written to the
most prominent Honey Dealers all over the United States,
and gives their replies in this number. It's an important
thing to know how to grade your honey, and Gleanings tells
you.

Superb Illustrations

The illustrations in the August 1.5th issue of Gleanings
are typical of what its readers receive every number. Three
full-page halftones, some smaller ones, and many line draw-

ings illustrating the numerous short articles. The halt-
tones are the work of the finest engravers in the United
States, and are printed on the best paper, giving results
that are hardly equaled in many high-class magazines. This
item alone doubles the value.

Bee-Keepers Everywhere

Gleanings aims to make itself indispensable to every bee-
keepero'crj/tfi/ifir. It has succeeded. No progressive bee-
keeper can afford to be without it. In every issue are
departments that cover the peculiar conditions that are met
in different parts of the country. The editors ot these
departments are the best practical bee-keepers in their re-
spective localities. The best ot bee-keepers everywhere
contribute. A list of them would be a list ot the most suc-
cessful bee-keepers in the United States. What bee-keeper
can not profit by reading the experiences ot such men?

To Induce You to Subscribe

1. Sample copy Free

a. Six Months' Trial $ 25

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aBORae W. VORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, AUGUST 24, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 34

The American Bee Journai. is absolutely an independent publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping-, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves to be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 45th year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during its long and honorable history.

(Sbttorial Ticks ^ (Eommcnts

'^

Contradictions in the Bee-Papers

Occasionally the view is expressed that
there are so many conflicting views in the
bee-papers that it is discouraging; so dis-
couraging that one would do better to give up
such reading altogether. There is no dispu-
ting the fact. Just so long as you read bee-
books and bee-papers you will And contra-
dictions. If you never read a word about bees
you would find contradictions in your own
experience.

The contradictions you finJ in print some-
times are due to the fact that wrong views are
entertained, and sometimes to the fact that
what is true in one locality is not true in
another, and often to the fact that some little
difference in management is not recognized,
but that same unrecognized difference in
management makes a wide difference in re-
sults.

Often, too, the reader gets two opposite
views from two different writers because said
reader does not fully understand what one or
both said. But if you keep on reading and
studying, you will gradually get more and
more of the tangles straightened out. It
would be the height of folly to give up trying
to obtain the advantage of the experience of
others just because the experience of differ-
ent writers is not always the same.

Big Purcliase of Honey

(ileanings in Bee Culture chronicles the
purchase in one consignment, by the National
Biscuit Co., of 711 carloads of li""!'!/' That is
not because honey is the cheapest sweet. It
is not because the National Biscuit Co. lacks
business capacity, and recklessly spends
money for a higher-priced article when some-
thing else as good could be bought for less
money. It is because honey gives to the
eoods in whose manufacture it is used a keep-

ing quality that can be had in no other way.
If it is a profitable thing for this money-mak-
ing company thus to use honey, why is it not
just as profitable in the home of every bee-
keeper? Instead of making a fresh cake
"when company comes," said cake to be
kept till thrown away when dry and stale,
why not make that which will keep the year
arounS?

In all cooking, honey may be used in place
of sugar, only keeping in mind that less mois-
ture must be used with honey than with
sugar.

Selling Comb Honey in Frames

For some this may be an advisable thing.
Here's the way L. L. Grass does it, as re-
ported in Gleanings in Bee Culture:

I produce comb honey by using extracting-
supers and shallow extracting- frames wiih
starters. These weigh from 3i., to .5 pounds
when filled out, according to thickness of
comb in a frame. This 1 sell at l.") cents a
pound by the frame or frames. I weigh it
before starting, and put the weight of each
frame on the top-tiar. Customers seem to
appreciate that style of package, and I very
seldom fail to make H sale to those who need
honey, after I have held it up to the light to
let them see the clearness.

I carry it to market in the supers by tack-
ing a strip of wood half way down the ends
of the supers with ^lots sawed out to hold S
frames to a lo-fr:ime super. That keeps
them from rubbiD^' and breaking the cap-
pings when some combs are thicker than
others after gradiDg. It also keeps thera
from sliding, whiih they would do after the
first frame is taken out.

Slow Introduction of Queens

There are conditions in which a queen will
be promptly and kindly received, no pre-
liminary caution iHiiig necessary. The queen
is simply droppt'l ' o the hive or run in at
the entrance, an 1 is well. But there is

always some risk, and, as a general rule, the
element of time is an important factor. The
queen is sometimes caged in the hive for a
certain length of time, then set free upon the
combs by the bee-keeper, but generally it is
planned to have her liberated by the bees. To
make them longer in liberating her, the candy
may be made quite hard, or pieces of card-
board may be nailed over the opening so that
the bees must take time to gnaw away the
card-board to get at the candy.

One of the American Bee Journal family
thinks he has made an improvement over
these plans. It is the very simple one of
making as small as practicable the tube con-
taining the plug of candy. Instead of having
the diameter a halt inch or so, it is only a
quarter of an inch, allowing only one bee at
a time to work at the candy. It will be
readily seen that this will make slow work,
but work that is pretty sure to go steadily
forward, because the candy is fully exposed.
With a small diameter, the time taken to lib-
erate a queen in an introducing cage may be
varied directly in proportion to the length of

the tube.

♦^

Cleaning a Bee-Smoker

When a thick coating forms inside the
smoker pour in a little kerosene and set fire
to it, leaving the smoker open. The deposit
can then be easily scraped off while hot and
soft, or peeled off when cold. This from J.
A. Green, in Gleanings in Bee Culture.

Sawdust for Smoker-Fuel

The question as to the best fuel for smokers
is one largely of convenience. Each one is
likely to have a preference for that which is
most easily obtainable. To those who have
unlimited quanlilies of sawdust at disposal,
the very minute instructions of S. E. Miller,
in the Progressive Bee-Keeper, may be of use.
He says:

I used sawdust from under my buzz-saw
table, whiih is mostly from pine or other soft
wood, and the smoker is of the upright boiler
(Bre-pot) pattern, the kind now in general
use.

Direction' First, put down on the grate a
small wa'' u( excelsior or fine shavings. In
the abseace of both of these use grass. Put
on just enough to keep the sawdust from
sifting down through the grate into the space
beneath it. Next fill the fire-pot to within
about three-fourths of an inch of the top
with sRWLlust ■-oaked and packed down until
it is pacKe -omewhat firm, but not too solid.
Then with u pointed stick bore a hole down

598

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 24 1905

in the center by running the stick down
nearly to the grate and giving the upper end
a rotary motion so as to form a funnel-shaped
hole in the sawdust. Into this hole drop
about a teaspoonful of kerosene. I keep a 10-
cent oiler with kerosene (coal oil) in it where
it is handy, and And it useful in tiring up,
even when I do not use sawdust.

Now light a match and drop it into the hole
and set the smoker outside with the cover
thrown back, and leave it so for 15 or 3U min-
utes. Do not close it too soon or it will
smother out in short order. After it is well
started put some green grass on top of the
sawdust to act as a spark arrester and close it
up. Give several puffs to make sure that it
is well started, and it you have done every-
thing just right, you will be ready for 3 or 4
hours' work without replenishing of fuel.

When it gets too hot and begins to throw
sparks it will be necessary to grab up a bunch
of green grass and put it on top to keep down
the sparks.

Destroying Queen-Cells

Nearly every beginner, at some time in his
career, conceives the idea that if he persist-
ently destroys all queen-cells that are started,
there will be no swarming. But he finds in
time that bees will swarm in spite of such
efforts, and concludes that the destruction of
queen-cells has no effect whatever. Yet some
experienced bee-keepers declare that in many
cases destroying queen-cells one or more
times is sufficient to prevent all swarming.
Under such efforts some colonies will be pre-
vented from swarming, others will not. The
seasons may make a difference — undoubtedly
do. Some seasons bees seem to have a mania
for swarming; other seasons a good many
colonies will make no attempt at it. Whether
there is profit in destroying queen-cells is an
open question.

(T

Drone-Brood for Fish-Bait

Some years ago this was mentioned, and
now it comes up again in (ileanings, more
particulars being given. The knights of the
rod " specify that the age of the brood shall
be just before hatching, when the young
drones are- white. A young white drone is
removed from the cell and strung on the
hook. Its color and shape at once suggest
to the fish a big, fat grub, and anglers say
that fish will bite this bait as they will bite
almost nothing else. It is especially adapted
(0 all fish with large mouths like bass, blue-
gills, and the like."

4- Some (Sxpcrt ©pinion -f

==\

*^

J

More Honey from the Basswood
Leaves or the Blossoms ?

Ques. 29 — /« it true that the bees gather
more from basswood leaves than from basstvood
btossofnsf

S. T. Pettit (Oat.)— No.

O. 0. POPPLETON (Fla.)— I don't know.

J. M. Hambaugh (Calif.) — I think not.

Jas. A. Stone (111.)— I do not think it is.

E. D. TowNSBND (Mich.)— No, not in this
locality.

L. Stachelhausen (Tex.) — No basswood
in this locality.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.) — No, unless in ex-
ceptional circumstances.

N. E. France (Wis.) —No. I did not know
that basswood leaves yield honey.

G. M. DooLiTTLE (N. Y.) — Bees gather
7iothing from basswood leaves in this locality.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— I think not. I have
never seen much from either, in this locality.

Dr. J. P. H. BROW>f (Ga.)— I can not an-
swer, as I do not live in a basswood location.

Edgene Secor ( Iowa; —Not in this locality.
I never saw bees gather anything from bass-
wood leaves.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.) — I do not know. It
is at least 75 miles from my apiary to the
nearest basswood tree.

J. A. Green (Colo. )— I think not. They
may get honey sometimes from the leaves, but
ordinarily, at least, not in any quantity.

Dr. C. C. Miller (111.)— I shouldn't sup-
pose so. I've seen many a bee working on
the blossoms, but never one on the leaves.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.) — I think not. I have
never seen them gathering from leaves, and
in my locality I am pretty sure they do not.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo. ) —I never lived in a regu-
lar basswood region, and don't think leaves
yield any except in cases of insect honey-dew.

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)— I never saw our
bees work on basswood leaves. I never sus-
pected that they gathered an ounce from that
source.

E. S. Lovesy (Utah) — As to quantity, I
have had no experience on this question, but
as to quality I would say that no real, pure
nectar is collected by the bees from leaves
!!uch as they collect from the flowers. The
prodact on the leaves is produced by a small

insect of the aphid family; the dew softeos
it, and hence it is called " honey-dew," and
bees and other insects gather it.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — No, by no
means. They gather wholly from flowers, ex-
cept there are aphids or scale insects in the
trees working on them.

Morgan Bros. (S. Dak.) — Basswood leaves
yield very little. Basswood honey is secreted
in the calyx of the flower, and may be seen
sparkling in the sunlight.

Arthur C. Miller (R. I.) — Bees do not
work on basswood leaves here. But basswoods
are few and far between, the European linden
taking their place, and the bees go only to the
blossoms of that.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — This Is something
I never heard of until lately. I never saw
the bees work on the leaves, and I do not be-
lieve they ever do here. I will watch this
matter closely in the future.

R. L. Tatlor (Mich.)— Sometimes I have
seen the bees apparently working a little on
basswood before the blossoms are open, but
not when they are open. But a trifle it any
nectar is gathered from the leaves here.

Mrs. J. M. Null (Mo.)— I would like to
know. I don't relish the notion of basswood
honey-dew. We don't have it in this neck of
the woods. All honey-dew, or at least most
of it, is derived from hickory leaves here.

C. H. Dibbern (111.)— I never knew that
bees gathered any honey from basswood
leaves. It is not true that they gather more
from that source than from the blossoms,
otherwise why do many bees visit the bass-
woods when not in bloom?

E. E. Hastt (Ohio)— I don't think it is a
common state of things, although it may have
happened sometimes, especially in recent
years when the crop was small. 'Spects the
old-fashioned 10- pounds- a- day basswood
honey never came from the leaves.

Wm. McEvot (Ont.)— No. Spme seasons
the bees gather honey-dew from the leaves,
but this condition of affiirs happens so rarely
that it's not worth counting, and although it
is really honey dew it gets spoiled by the
countless millions of " stuff " that feast upon
and soil this class of honey.

G. W. Demabee (Ky.)— No, not in my
locality. In fact, bees do not gather " honey "
from the leaves of basswood, or any other
kind of leaves. But under certain conditions,
not very well understood, bees gather a dark,
sweet substance (condensed sap) called
"honey-dew." But in my locality honey-
dew does not show uji more than once in 5
years.

I

-V (£ontributcb -f
Special Ctrticlcs

=\

=j

Bee-Paralysis and Pickled Brood

HV ADKI.\N (iKTAZ

DURING the vnars from 1894 to 1896 quite a discussion on
ibee-paralysis occupied the beo-papers. Many articli^s and
^reports were vvritten, and a number of remedies tried and
the results reported. It must be remembered that at that
time bee-paralysis seomed to have been much worse than
usual. In fact, whole apiaries had been wiped out entirolv.

It is in the early spi ing that the malady is the worst. i\
is shown by a large majority of the bees being hairless and

shiny, as if they had been polished. \t the same time they
are stiff and sluggish in their movements, as if half-paralyzed.
Those in which the disease is less advanced show it by un-
easiness and frequent scratching and twisting of the wings
and abdomen. As the season advances the old, shiny bees
gradually die out, young bees emerge in large numbers and
take their place. It is possible — even probable — that some at
least of the young bees contract the disease when in the larval
state, but as bne-paralysis is a slowly developing disease, they
do not show the signs of it until some time after having
emerged, more or less, according to how bad the case is.

When the number of healthy, or comparatively healthy,
young bees has sulliciently increased so tliat the management
of the colony (if I may use that terra) falls into their hands,
they soon realize that something is wrong with the old, shiny
bees, and proceed at once to throw them out of the hive. This
is sometimes done gradually, but usually all at once. That is,
when the old bees have not already died out from old age and
sickness.

During the summer the bees do not live long enough to
reach the shiny stage, unless it be in exceptionally bad cases,
but plenty of them can be seen shaking and quivering.

AuR. 24. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

599

CAUSK OF BEE-rARALYSIS.

Microscopic and bacteriological investigations have shown
that boe-paralysis is due to the presence of a bacillus. The ex-
pression " a bacillus " does not mean that there is only a single
one iij each diseased bee, but it means that all are of the same
kind. That kind is called Bacillus Gayioni.

What is bacillus, or what are the bacilli of different,
kinds? llacilli are classified as " plants," though they are
not at all like Mowers, trees, grass, etc. They are like very
small rods. The kind of bacilli, or to use accepted terms, the
bacillus that produces foul brood is only one-thousandth of an-
inch long, and one 40-thousandth of an inch thick ; while that
producing bee-paralysis is only one IS-thousandth long and
one 3S-hiindredth thick.

When bacilli have attained their full size, they break into
two or more pieces. Each piece grows until full size, and
breaks also, and so on. This process lasts as long as there is
plenty of nourishment and sullicient heat and moisture. When
these conditions fail, the rods become spores of a more
rounded form. These spores will resist the disinfectants,
poisons and other noxious substances; also the extremes of
cold and heat, far better than the rods. They will keep alive
without developing for quite a length of time, and then turn
into rods when the proper conditions are met with. The body
of a larva affected may contain, not thousands, but millions
of these rods. When the larva dies they still consume the
soft parts and multiply for awhile, and then turn into spores,
escape, and float in the atmosphere. Some reach the honey
and remain there, and likely some are taken in by the bees or
brood in the act of respiration, or otherwise.

But here comes the most remarkable part of the program.
These spores, which resist heat, cold and chemical agents so
well. re(|uire a certain amount of moisture to keep up their
vitality. Dry air does not contain enough. So those of the
spores that have not found a safe lodgement in the honey or
the bodies of some larv.T or bees, dry out and lose their vitality
in the course of a day or two. And this is a general rule
(there are some exceptions) with all kinds of bacilli. Every
one knows how benehcial sunshine and dry climates are to the
sick people.

CULTIVATION.

Here the question might be raised. How do we know that
these tiny creatures do the mischief — such little things that
it takes the most powerful microscope to see them.

Well, we know it by cultivating them. Small glass vials
about a half-inch in diameter and a few inches long are pre-
pared. In these are placed some beef-broth, gelatine, milk,
or anything on which we think the bacilli will thrive. The
vials are stopped with some cotton, then carefully heated and
otherv/ise treated so as to make sure that no germ from the
air, or anything else, can get in and interfere with the culture.

Suppose we want to study the bacilli producing foul
brood or bee-paralysis. We cut a small piece of the extremity
of the tongue of a bee from the diseased colony. That piece
contains a minute drop of blood, and that drop, minute as it
is, a number of bacilli. W'e put it in the vial. Soon after
the bacilli begin lo multiply there just as they would in the
body of a bee. We can study them easily, and ascertain all
we want about them. Then, to be sure that we are right, we
take some of that culture, feed it to some bees or brood that
we know to bo healthy. Then if the disease develops we
know that we have the bacilli wanted, and that said bacilli
are the cause of the disease.

DEVELOP.MKXT.

The chief difference between foul brood and bee-paralysis
is that the first is a rapidly developing disease, and the other
a slowly developing one.

The first result is that in the cases of foul brood, the
brood infected dies before ready to seal, or soon after. This
does not occur with bee-paralysis. The malady develops so
slowly that the affected brood would not die until some time
at least after having emerged. It is possible — even probable —
that the majority of sick bees contract the malady only afn i
reaching the adult state.

Jt is often said that foul brood is a disease of the brood,
hut not of the adult bees. That is an error. All the micro-
scopical investigation.s mad(^ have shown bacilli in the adult
bees — workers, drones and queens, as well as in the brood.
Even the ovaries of the queen have been found infected. .Such
being the case, it may seem strange that the malady is nut
propagated by the adult bees unless they carry some infe.r '
honey. It is a known fact that sick bees go out of thi' I
and die away from it. Cheshire thinks that since foul lit
develops so rapidly, the bees which contract it get very r:i! i
too sick to remain in the hive, and go out to die before •. V
can infect the others.

INFECTION FRO.M THE QUEEN.

It i-i an indisputable fact that bee-paralysis may be trans-
mitted by the queen. Probably by laying infected eggs. The
malady is very contagious, anyway, and spreads very rapidly
from one hive to the others.

Some writers have said that there are two stages, so to
speak, of the disease. In the first the disease is about as
I described at the beginning of this article. But sometimes
a turn for much the worse comes all at once ; the bees become
shiny rapidly, the work is almost neglected, young bees just
emerged, or only two or three days old, are shaking and
(juivering ; and ere long the colony perishes.

When it comes to that point it is probable that the eggs
laid by the queen are infected. I don't know whether any
microscopical examination to that effect has been made or
not. In fact, bee-paralysis has been studied very little yet,
and much remains to investigate.

I had one case like that once, upon which I tried an ex-
periment. While the colony had reached the worst stage of
the disease, it was pretty strong yet. The honey-flow was
good, and the temperature sulliciently high. I removed the
queen and gave the bees a young laying queen. In due time her
progeny hatched out, strong and healthy, or apparently so,
and soon after they cleaned out the old bees. Of course, the
disease reappeared, but nothing to be compared to what it
was while the old queen was there. Evidently the old queen
was infected and was laying infected eggs. I did not make
a microscopical investigation. I have neither the time, the
means, nor the ability necessary for that kind of work.

REMEDIES.

A great many were tried during the years referred to at
the beginning of this article. The most popular were re-
queening, salted water, and sulphur.

Re-queening is not a cure, but always an improvement,
especially if the old queen is more or less diseased already.
In any case, a young prolific queen would cause an increase
of young, comparatively healthy bees, and that of itself would
be a considerable improvement.

The other remedies are of but little account at the best.
Every few days somebody reports having applied sulphur,
salt, or something else, and met complete success — the shiny
bees had completely disappeared. Hnfortunately the disease
invariably reappeared the following spring. As the old,
shiny bees would have disappeared anyway — either died out
or been driven out — the conclusion forced itself upon the
mind that the remedies used had but little effect at the best.

CAMPHOR.

My bees had the disease from the beginning. It kept on
increasing during several years until I finally either had to do
something or quit keeping bees. The bacilli are in every
part of the bodies of the bees or brood, chiefly in the blood.
The spores may be anywhere in the hives, and very likely like
those of the foul brood in the honey and pollen. Feeding with
carbolic or salicylic acid would fail to reach the spores, and
perhaps act only in the digestive organs of the bees. Dusting
with sulphur or other similar substances would certainly kill
whatever spores or bacilli it would reach, but would fail to
reach the honey, especially if sealed, or even the blood or
other interior organs of the bees. Spraying would not be
much better. Fumigating would be the thing, the vapors
would penetrate everywhere in the hive, even through the
cappings, and through the bodies of the bees also.

This may seem rather " otf," but it is not. The bees and
other insects breathe through a far more complete apparatus
than the higher animals. What we might call their lungs
ramify and penetrate everywhere throughout the whole body.
Evidently some substance ' that would evaporate freely would
be preferable, as then the fumigating would be done auto-
matically. At last I decided to try my camphor and crude
carbolic acid. By that time the winter was at hand. I put a
piece of camphor in some hives and a very small dish of car-
bolic acid in the others.

When the spring came a considerable improvement was
noticed. The colonies were much stronger, the number of
shiny bees very much smaller than ever before. There was
but little difference between the two remedies, and what may
have been was in favor of the camphor, so I dropped the car-
bolic acid. Neither one can be :sed during the summer. The
carbolic acid, if given in anyiuint! like an effective quantity,
is liable to cause the bees to abscond. As to the camphor,
they enclose it in an envelop of wax and propolis in less than
24 hours after it is given.

For several years I repeated the treatment every winter
with the result that the disease became less and less, and
and finally disappeared, as far as I could see. Then I discon-

600

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 24, 19( 5

tinued the treatment. Hut last summer (1904) I saw again a
few bees here and there twitching and scratching, showing
that the cure had not been complete. The malady might have
been re-introduced from abroad. If it was, it came through
some of the queens I bought, as there are no bees near enough
mine to give them the disease. But I rather think that the
cure was not complete.

Bee-paralysis is a very erratic disease. Sometimes it
appears, or disappears, or nearly so, without any cause or
reason that can be assigned. And it is possible that, the dis-
ease decreased of iiself, and that the supposed effect of the
camphor applied was a mere coincidence.

PICKLED BROOD.

This seems to be essentially a disease of the brood, or
rather of the pollen first, and then the brood fed on that pol-
len. The first intimation of it is some larv» having a dull
appearance, and stretched or turned in a wrong position.
More and more are seen, and as the disease advances they be-
come a kind of yellowish gray, eventually turning to browji.
Most of them finally die before being sealed, others only after.

When a large portion of the brood has become diseased,
the bees discontinue brood-rearing entirely, and cease to
bring in pollen. Eventually the sound brood hatches out,
arid the dead larvLC dry enough so that the bees can take them
out, which they do. They also clean out the infected pollen,
and if at that time the hive is examined, the combs will be
found as bright and clean as tbey can be. The queen has
died, and no attempt at rearing another has been made. This
has invariably occurred in every case that I hive seen, 'when
left to themselves. It seems, therefore, that the queen also
becomes diseased, which is likely to be, since she receives the
same nourishment as the larvic. The adult bees and drones
seem to remain healthy throughout. However, if a micro-
scopical investigation is ever made, it may show a different
state of affairs.

The malady is not contagious, or very little if at all, and
does not spread from one hive to the other. Some one in
these columns suggested that since the malady is not conta-
gious, it would be best to break up the colony and distribiiie
the combs among the other colonies. I certainly would not
risk it. Because the malady is not contagious from hive to
hive, it does not follow that it is not. so from comb to comb in
the same hive. In fact, it spreads over all the combs of an
infected hive, and there is no reason why it should not do so
where a diseased comb is introduced in a healthy colony. It
would be easy to try, but I don't care to do it.

If the queen gets sick, the cessation of brood-rearing may
be due to her condition. However, it is not so in all cases. I
once removed the queen and put in her place a young- laying
queen. She laid a few hundred eggs and quit. The bees
made no attempt at brood-rearing, and did not even resunn'
pollen-gathering. The eggs remained unhatched some 8 or 10
days, and finally disappeared.

CAUSES OF PICKLED BROOD.

Some have said lack of honey, some lack of pollen. It is
neither one. I never liad a case yet where there was not some
honey, and sometimes there was a considerable quantity of it.
It certainly is not the lack of pollen. In my locality, polleii
could be had by the ton the whole summer," from pumpkins,
melons, corn, ragweeds, and lots of other sources in succes-
sion. When the disease reaches a certain point, the bees
cease to bring in the pollen ; that's all there is to it.

The investigations of Dr. Howard show that the disease
is due, not to a bacillus, but to a fungus— Aspergillus Pollini.
It develops in the pollen, and thence into the digestive appara-
tus of the brood. Dr Tloward thinks that the malady could
be carried from one hive to the other by robber-bees. So far
as I remember, the most I had of it in any one year was 4 col-
onies in one apiary and 3 in the other. Last year I had 1
case, and the year before none. That does not look iniicli
like contagion.

t'URK FOR PICKLED BHOOD.

The advice is usually given to melt the combs, pollen,
brood and all, and siai t the colony on foundation again. Thai
always seemed to nr.e to be too much trouble, and I never have
done it. I let the thing go through its course, and when the
bees have cleaned everything 1 give them a queen and some
brood to start anc-.v. I have tried carbolic acid, given m
described above, th:!t is. letting its vapors do the work. It i>
effectual. The only trouble is that if enough Is given to et'c-c;
a cure within a reasonable time, the bees may abscond.

The case I had lasi summer was discovered early ; ilien.
was but little diseased brood yet, and <iuito an amount of
sound brood nearly all sealed. I didn't want to lose all that

brood, so I caged the queen, intending to come back 21 days
later, after all the sound brood would be out, and then disin-
fect the combs by putting them in a box and burning sulphur.
Somehow or other I was delayed, and when I visited the hive-
the bees had already cleaned everything thoroughly. I gave-
them another queen and some brood. The malady has not
reappeared.

.STARVED BROOD.

Several times dead brood has been sent to Prof. Cook for
identification. In some of his contributiot.s he states that the
brood sent him looked merely like starved brood. It may
seem strange that such a thing should occur more often in
California than elsewhere, but in reading the " Rambles " of
.1. II. Martin, in Gleanings, we find the statement that in
many parts of California the summer temperature during the
day reaches 100, and even 110 degrees, sometimes more. And
in looking at the halftone engravings, we see the hives, single-
walled at that, exposed to the hot sun without any protection
whatsoever. More than that, the hives are right on the bare
ground, in a climate where it does not rain the whole summer.
XVho does not know that in dry and hot weather the tempera-
ture of the ground exceeds considerably that of the atmos-
phere ? And with the hot sun above, and ttte radiation of the
hot ground below, the temperature to which these hives are
exposed must be excessive. When the temperature is too
high the bees are forced to abandon the hive. The brood left
behind starves, or is overheated — likely both. Then the un-
lucky (?) Californian sends a piece of it to Prof. Cook, asking
if it is pickled brood or bee-paralysis 1

POISONED BEES.

Occasionally bees are poisoned by gathering nectar or
pollen from fruit-trees that some ignorant person sprayed dur-
ing blossoming time. Some cases of bees dying from the
emanations of copper-melting furnaces or similar- kinds of
establishments have been reported. And, very often in such
cases, the apiarist has thought that his bees had some disease.

Another cause of trouble is the gathering of nectar or
pollen from plants having narcotic properties. Several kinds
are known, but here (in the United States) the only important
one is the yellow jasmine. The bees affected look, or rather
act, very much like those having bee-paralysis, and frequently
the two cases have been taken for each other.

DISEASES OF BEES.

15ee-paralysis and pickled brood have not been studied
seriously yet. We barely know enough to recognize them,
and none too well at that. Foul brood has been more thor-
oughly investigated, and yet it is only a short ume ago that
we finally learned to distinguish it from black brood and
pickled brood. And the distinction is not yet as fully estab-
lished as it might be.

A cause of mistakes may be the presence of more than
one disease at the same time in the ailected colony.

Recently, Prof. Lambotte, of Liege (Belgium), asserted
that the so called Bacillus alvei was merely the well-known
Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus. He was certainly mistaken,
but it has since been suggested that both might have been
present in the diseased colonies, and thus misled him.

More recently (last summer, 1904). Dr. Burri, of Zurich,
(Switzerland), beg'an a new study of the foul brood. He found
in some cases the regular foul brood bacillus (Bacillus alvei),
with all the characteristics described by Cheshire and Cheyne.
and later by Prof. Harrison, of Ontario (Canada). In some
other cases he found another kind of bacillus, which is ex-
tremely dillicult to " cultivate,." and therefore to study. Occa-
sionally the bacillus mesentericus is found, but in small quan-
tity, and seems to be accidental.

A third kind of bacillus has been seen, but seems to be
very rare.

There is, furthermore, some acid brood — something like
what we call here pickled brood — but Dr. Burri found it
always in samples having also foul brood. It is caused by a
kind of bacteria which do not form spores, and therefore is
not a bacillus.

Other institutions in Germany have also taken up the
question, and we may before long be thoroughly informed on
all these questions.

Cheshire, in his examinations of diseased bees (see his
book. Vol. IIj, found several organisms besides the foul brood
and bee-paralysis bacilli, but he did not have the time to study
them.

In Germany, in 1897, a peculiar disease was observed.
Young bees incapable of flying came out and died in heaps.
Much of the brood was dried up, retaining its form. It could
not be cut with a knife, but broke to pieces under pressure.

Aug. 24, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

601

The oausf was ascertained to be a fungus similar to tbe one
(OiJium albicaus) which attacl<s ilio mouth of infants.

Prof. Leucl<art has also described a fungus (Oidium
Leuckarli) which causes injurious, but not disastrous, effects
in the intestines of bees.

Much is to be studied yet. Knox Co , Tenn.

■■^

(£onr>cntion
Procccbin^s

rJ

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Couveutlon, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from pa^re '^^ \
A NATIONAL HONEY EXCHANGE.

"Is there any movement on foot regarding a honey ex-
change or any method whereby the National Association can
market its members' honey?"

Pres. York — There was a movement started in St. Louis
to ora;anize a National Honey Producers' Association, and
there were some subscriptions of stock taken.

Dr. Miller — But not for the National?

The President — It was started in the National conven-
tion.

Dr. Miller — I think you are right that there was a move-
ment started there to get up a honey exchange, but not that
the National was to do anything about it.

Mr. Whitney — From the report which was sent me I
think the Doctor is right. There was an attempt to or-
ganize something inside of the National, or by individuals
who belonged to the National becoming stockholders of the
new corporation if it was formed, for that purpose.

CASH FOR PROOF OF ADULTERATED COMB HONEY.

"I suggest that this Association offer $500 for two
pounds of comb honey that is proved to be adulterated."

Pres. York— I don't know who suggested that, or where
the $500 is to come from, but the intention no doubt is all
right. It is proposed that this Association offer $500 for
two pounds of comb honey. I suppose it is meant two
pounds that the bees didn't make. What are you going to
do with it?

Mr. France — I think nearly all here are members of the
National and this was threshed over very thoroughly at St.
Louis. I don't know why it should be brought up again.
We know that manufactured or so called artificial lonib
honey has not been made or placed upon the market, and
there is no necessity of agitating that matter here at length.

Mr. Wilco-x — I read the proceedings of that convention
at St. Louis, and I think all who have read it understand
if anything is to be done it will need to come in a little
different form from this. But I hardly see the necessity or
advantage of trying to do anything. But if wc do, we should
need to put it in proper form or else wc would cre.it' .\
wrong impression and say something we didn't intend.

Mr. Whitney — It seems to me it would be better tn let
the individual who manufactures that pound of honey t.ike
the A. I. Root Company's $1,000 for it. I understand they
have an offer, and have had it for years, to pay $1,000 to
anybody who produces the proof. If I were going to maiin-
facture that pound of honey I would rather go to them,

"What can this Association do to counteract the csil
effect of the publication of the manufactured-comb-lnMicy
story in the press of the country? Can we do anytlini"-
If so, what?"

Mr. Dadant — Publish statements to the contrary.

Dr. Miller — I doubt very much the ability of this A"- -
ciation as an association to do anything, but I don't at all
doubt the ability of the individual members to do soniei'
by working through the local press. They can do a .•
deal in that direction. I doubt the wisdom of any
on the part of this Association.

Mr. Whitney — On that question I have somcthni.^
teresting — to me, at least. I heard of a mei'chant in

city who sold a lady a case of honey, and the next day
she sent it back and came in in a day or two after to tell
him she had se:-,t that honey back. She said, "That is manu-
factured honey. It came from South Water street ; it was
made by machinery, and I never bought any such honey as
that." He told her that she was mistaken, and convinced
her it was not manufactured ; that it was put in by the bees.
She finally consented to let him send the honey back to her
house. But there are plenty of people who really think that
there is plenty of manufactured comb honey on the market.
I meet them at home; intelligent people on everything else
but bees and honey ; they don't know anything about it.

Mr. Moore — Some of your may think we are threshing
this thing out at unnecessary length. My specialty has
always been honey for private families. Some of us visit
the people who eat our honey on their tables, and you will
all admit that they are not quite the biggest chumps on
earth that are running the city of Chicago, large and small,
rich and poor : and I want to tell you, from all those people,
of all conditions in life, comes this question, "Is comb honey
really manufactured?" And they ask me as an expert to
answer it. "Is most of the honey on the market manu-
factured?" This comes to me in one hundred and one
different ways. I have one answer. Of course I say that
all comb honey is pure honey. Some of you perhaps do not
come in touch with these folks in the way I do, and you
think it is a question that we are putting too much stress
upon, but every one of you ought to carry the idea through
your lives, that whenever you can you want to strike a blow
in favor of the right. Dr. Emma Walker, in the Ladies'
Home Journal, put forth a statement in which she said that
one of the largest uses o'f paraffin was to make manufactured
comb honey. Then and thereupon I wrote to her contra-
dicting it, and I wrote to the editor saying that it was abso-
lutely false, and it was wrong for any one in her position
to put forth a statement that would injure a large number
of people. Mr. York also wrote to the editor a personal
letter. We both got answers. I suppose that that depart-
ment was flooded with letters from all over the coimtry.
We looked with a great deal of interest to see what would
be done. Perhaps two months afterwards came the answer,
an article in which she summed the thing up and said this
and that authoritv said it was so ; and that the Encyclopedia
Britannica said that there was manufactured comb honey,
and gave four or five different authorities stating that comb
honey was manufactured and paraffin was largely used. But
she summed it up. at the bottom by saying that "after talk-
ing with practical bee-keepers and considering the matter in
all its points we have decided that there is no sucji thing,
and never has been, as manufactured comb honey." It was
the result of our influence. Now, all of you go through life
and remember to use your influence wherever you see the
opportunity. Wherever you see in the newspaper an article
with this falsehood, go to the newspaper, or write, and have
it contradicted, if possible, and do not let a single instance
go by of contradicting this infamous lie that has been passed
around from one end of the world to another. That is the
way in which this Association, and we as individuals, can do
good; whenever we see a head, hit it!
(Continued next we'k.)

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a le.page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and "Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more ifioney they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the

subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25. 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal

602

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 24, 1905

=^

®ur SeeKecpino^ Sisters

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Mrs. and Mr. Honaker and Their
Apiary

I am sending you to-day a picture of a por-
tion of our bee-yard, showing Mr. Honaker
and cayselt. The beekeeper has a scowl on
her face, which her husband declares is
"quite natural."

The yard is located in the garden directly
back from the dwelling-house, so that all
hives are in view from the dining-room win-
dows. There are in all about 60 colonies, 3 or
4 more than were taken out of the cellar last
spring. This is the number usually kept.
All colonies have stored considerable surplus
this season, duplicate hives being generally
used for supers All supers have honey in
them, all but two or three being practically
full. Besides what is now on the hives, we
have perhaps taken off BOO or 700 pounds.
The picture shows the apiary as it is to-day,
having been taken less than a week ago.

The shrubbery back of the hives where Mr.
Honaker stands is red raspberry bushes,
which, at the present time, are well loaded
with ripe fruit. The young trees shqwn
further back are 6-year old walnut seedlings,
some of which are perhaps 15 feet in hight.
Nearly all swarms that have issued the last
two years have settled on these trees, often
breaking down limbs with their weight.

Back of the garden is a cornfield, just now
beginning to tassel. In the distance, on the
line between our farm and a neighbor's, is a
large cherry-tree, which may be seen for
many miles in all directions.

We use a large 12 frame hive, something
like the Dadant hive. We produce mostly
extracted honey, using always queen-ex-
cluders between upper and lower stories. We
have no basswood within reach, our main
crop coming from white clover, although
alsike is grown quite extensively on our own
and neighbors' farms. We have a small field
of alfalfa, which, if it does well, will be en-
larged another season. I am fortunate in
securing a bountiful honey crop this season,
considering that we have only the one depend-
ence from which to obtain it. I have never
had any foul brood in my apiary, although it
is possibly at no great distance from us.

Mrs. Millie Honaker.
Vernon Co., Wis., Aug. 4.

Laying Workers— Bees Moving
Eggs, Etc.

Mt Dear Miss Wilson : — You have helped
me so often through the American Bee Jour-
nal that 1 am afraid my gratitude is of the
sort described as " a lively sense of favors to
come." So 1 am sending you some of my
summer bee-puzzles.

You helped me when 1 first began keeping
bees, 3 years ago; last year I wrote to you
about making artificial increase with Italian
queens; this time my questions are chiefly as
lo the "ways that are dark" of the bees
themselves.

I was in California all last winter, and did
not return to unpack my bees till the middle
of May. I think this was rather an advan-
tage, as the spring was unusually cold. Two
colonies out of 3:i were dead, but the majority
were in splendid conouion, having nearly
double the amount of bees and brood they
had in May of last, year, and they had no feed-
ing. Only one colony hm] the listless, dis-
pirited look about it th::) made me say before
I opened it, "I expni this hive has no
queen." But there was a queen, and brood,
too, though only on •,' cumbs; but the capped
brood was all drone- brood in worker-cells,
and there were 3 vacau'- ueencells at the
bottom, and I thought i; :;,ust be a case of a
drone-laying queen. Ar, unusually early

swarm came out that day, and I put what
bees there were (not very many) in with it,
and killed the queen.

Lynch law — and the innocent murdered as
usual ! I put the brood in with the swarm,
and a week later the rest of it was all beauti-
fully capped worker-brood.

I have now another colony that I think has
only laying workers. Over a month after
swarming 1 found brood on 7 combs, but all
the capped brood was drone-brood in worker-
cells. This time I waited a week and looked
again. Still there was no worker-brood, and
there were a lot of queen-cells with little
grubs in them. I cut these all out, and
stapled 2 capped Italian queen-cells on the
comb. Two days later they had not torn
them down, and I hope the colony will right
itself. If I do not find the worker-brood
after 3 weeks, what should I do? Is it pos-
sible to find and destroy laying workers, and
then give a laying queen? I was afraid they
might kill one, if given with the laying
workers in the hive.

I have been rather unfortunate with my
queens. None of them are clipped, but I have
found as many as (i crawling on the ground.
Three came out with first swarms, so I hived
them as with clipped queens. Two are doing
well, but the third has been another puzzle. I
gave them one comb of honey at one side of
the hive, and one comb of brood at the other,
and the rest foundation only. A week later
the bees had queen-cells on the brood-comb,
and also on the corner of the new foundation
next to it, and I could not find the queen. I
gave them Italian brood, after cutting out the
other queen-cells, and after 31 days 1 found a
fine young queen and eggs on one comb.

I should have thought the old queen got
hurt in swarming and died just after, if it
had not been for the queen-cells— and queen-
cells only — on the new foundation. The cells
had good brood in them, which could only
have been put there alter swarming. Do you
think they killed the (|ueen as soon as they
had gotten her to lay in their new queen-
cells? Now ants carry their eggs about.
Have worker-bees ever been known to carry
eggs from worker-cells to more conveniently-
placed queen-cells when deprived of a queen?
Now for my last puzzle, though I have a
feeling that I am asking very foolish ques-
lions. But it is one of the best ways to
learn.

A colony swarmed .June 17. I did not know
that it had swarmed before, but the brood left
was all capped. I saw the queen that issued
with the swarm go into the new hive, but I
could find neither queen nor queen-cells in
the old one. I gave them a comb of brood,
and a day or two afterward I found lb queen-
cells on it. Feeling .sure now that they had
DO queen, I waited till the brood was 7 days
old; then I cut out all the queen. cells and
gave them a comb of luy best Italian brood,
on which they immediately reared a number
of fresh queen-cells. 7>» days after I gave
this brood, I looked again and found all the
queen-cells capped, and some " nibbled " by
me bees ready for hatching: and then, to my
surprise, I saw on the i-omb among the capped
brood several cells of baby brood. To make
"sure" into "certain," I went home and got
the magnifying glass. There they were,
healthy looking larvn , some looking only a
day or two days out of the &gg^ and only S in
all, uncapped on the omb. There was not
an egg anywhere or a lueen, that I could see.
Not wishing to lose the Italian queen-cells,
1 divided the bees ami put the comb with the
cells on in another hi\n, giving the old hive a
fresh comb of brocm On this they have
reared a lot more , .^en-cells, but there has
been no fresh bim-i ; the hive.

Now with all li..'^. . leen-oells I can hardly
think there ever wa i laying queen in the
hive. But where m that tiny brood come
fpOTn?

Bee-books say the eggs hatch at 3 days, and
are capped at the 9th. This is of course the
rule, but do they ever hatch when a week
old? The eggs of other insects often remain
a long time before hatching. The hive with
the other half of the bees and the queen-cells
reared a fine-looking queen, but misfortune
pursued them, too, and I suppose she was lost
on her fiight. There is no queen there now,
and they are hard at work at queen-cells
again.

Thus far there has been very little surplus
honey ; most of my colonies have not begun
to put anything in the supers yet. Hitherto
I have ufed only a top starter in my sections,
but as you and Dr. Miller so strongly recom-
mend a bottom one also, I am trying them in
a number of marked supers to see the result -
in this locality. Colorado.

July 33, 1905.

No, it is not possible to find and destroy
laying workers. A laying worker looks like
any other worker, and the only way you could
distinguish one would be to find it in the act
of laying while you held the comb in your
hand. You might spend a long time before
succeeding in this, and then when you had
succeeded you would have put out of the way
only one of a goodly number of workers en-
gaged in the miserable business of laying eggs
that by no possibility can produce worker-
bees.

You did a good thing to give them a sealed
queen-cell, for they will accept a cell when
they would kill a queen. In the meantime,
however, the colony will be rapidly diminish-
ing in numbers, and you can give it aid with-
out waiting until the prospective queen be-
gins to lay. From any colony with a laying
queen, take one or two frames of brood,
selecting the youngest you can find, and ex-
change for one or two frames in the invalid
colony. If you are willing to take the extra
trouble, it will be better to take only one
frame from a colony, and by drawing one
each from four or more colonies you can give
your patient quite a set-up. Neither will this
cost very much to the colonies from which
the brood is taken, if you select combs mostly
filled with eggs and young brood.

There are those who are very positive that
bees carry eggs from one place to another ;
others are skeptical about it. But it is not
necessary to suppose there was any such
transportation in the case you speak of,
where eggs were found in queen-cells on
foundation. Did you ever stop to think that
in the usual course of events efrry queen is
superseded by the bees? That superseding
takes place generally in the latter part of
summer, and it would be nothing strange if a
good many queens made preparation for a
successor immediately after being hived with
a swarm. A queen may do excellent work
at laying up to a certain time, perhaps up to
the time of swarming, and then fail rapidly.
If she disappeared from your colony entirely,
before her successor was ready to set up in
in business, it is not likely the bees killed her,
but that she died from old age. And old age
may come to a queen before she has lived a
year, or not till she has lived 5 years.

Before any attempt at a guess in the case
of your last puzzle, allow the remark that
jou need not worry as to any question about
bee-keeping being considered foolish, unless
it be one plainly answered in the books of
instruction which bee-papers are supposed to
supplement. Especially when one shows
such intelligent powers of observation, any
questions arising are likely to bring out
points of interest that may be instructive to
others as well as to yourself. A good ques-
tioner is, in an indirect way, a good instructor.

The presence of those few cells of young
brood might be accounted for in more than
oneway. A queen might have been in the
hive, and after haying laid only a few eggs,
she may have been accidentally killed by you
when the hive was opened — queens are some-
times Killed in that way. Laying workers
might have begun work, and then desisted.
As good a guess as any is the one .vou yourself
have made. Eggs do remain in a hive some-
times without hatching for a number of days.
Dzierzon reports a case of the kind.

After trying bottom starters, kindly report
whether a success or otherwise.

Aug. 2», 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

603

"The Honey-Money Stories"

We have just issued a 64-page-and-cover
booklet, 5-'.,xS'.j inches in size, printed on
enameled paper, entitled, ■• The Honey-Money
Stories." The cover has a picture of a sec-
tion of comb honey, 3'.. inches square, the
comb being in gold-bronze, which gives it a
very attractive appearance. Then on the
gold-bronze comb are printed these words;
" From Honey to Health, and from Health to
Money."

It is edited by Earl M. Pratt, and contains
a variety of short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about honey
anil its use. The manufactured comb honey
misrepresentation is contradicted in two
items, each occupying a full page, but in dif-
ferent parts of the booklet. It has in all 31
halftone illustrations, nearly all of them being
of apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also con-
tains 8 bee-songs, namely, " The Hum of the

Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom," " Buckwheat
Cakes and Honey," and an entirely new one,
called, "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
last song has not been published before. The
songs alone ought to be worth more than
the price of the whole thing.

it is a booklet that should be placed in the
hands of everybody not familiar with the
food value of honey, for its main object is to
interest people in honey as a daily table arti-
cle. It is thought that it will be just the
thing to sell on railroad passenger trains, on
news stands, etc. The stories and items are
all so short and helpful, and the pictures so
beautiful, that it will likely be kept by any
one who is so fortunate as to get a copy of it.
Its postpaid price is only 2.5 cents, but the
health-value of its contents would run up into
dollars. We mail .'i copies for $1 00, or club
it with the American Bee Journal — both for
$1.10. It would be very nice for a gift to a
friend.

(T

Doctor IHillcr 5 Question Box

^

\=

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Db. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
Dr. Miller does iu>t answer Questions by mail.

J

Uniting Colonies — Space Under the
Frames

1. What is the best way to unite 2 colonies
of bees at this time of the season \

3. Is it detrimental to best results to have a
2.inch space in the brood-chamber under the
frames.? New York.

Ansv ERS.— 1. I don't know. What might
be best 'o one case might not be best in
another. Here's one way that is good : Kill
the queen in one of the hives, and 2 or 3 days
later set this hive over the other with 2 or 3
thicknesses of newspaper between, making a
hole in the newspaper large enough for one or
two bees to pass at a time. A few days or a
week later you will find that the bees have
eaten away much of the paper, and you can
then put into the lower story the frames of
brood that were in the upper story.

3. Only good can come of it any time ex-
cept during the gathering season, and then
the space must be reduced to 'i inch or so. If
the full 2 inches are left when bees are gath-
ering, they will build comb below the bottom-
bars.

having written about bees. Please don'
cherish thoughts of that kind. I don't be-
lieve others are so different from myself, and
I have always enjoyed seeing what you have
written.

Taking Off Honey— Bee-Keeping as a
Business

Plan of Superseding Queens

What is the matter with the plan of killing
undesirable queens, and changing their brood
for the brood of the best queens* It looks as
if this might be practiced to quite an extent
in many apiaries. I am doing some of it
now. Iowa.

Answer.— The plan will work all right, and
you are wiser than the average to take that
much trouble to improve your slock. The
only " matter " I can see wiih the plan is the
trouble it takes, but the gain ought to pay
well for the trouble taken. Could not the
work be lightened by having sealed cells ready
in advance, giving a sealed cell in an intro-
ducing cage at the time of killing the queen?
Better still, a virgin queen? I must confess
that I have taken still greater trouble in super-
seding several queens, caging in the hive a
laying young queefc taken from p. nucleus
with the candy of the cage covered so the
bees could not get at it, and two days later
killing the old queen and leaving the candy
so the bees could eat it and release the queen
in the cage. This is the plan of introducing
advocited by Emerson T. Abbott.

A private word shows a tendency to regret

1. How early is it safe to take off comb
honey that contains no bee-bread, and pack it
away in shipping-cases?

2. I have 91 colonies with from 200U to 3000
pounds of comb honey. This has been a
good year, and if I bad been prepared for the
work I would have had a much larger yield.
But I teach school 0 months in the year, 30
miles from my bees, so you will understand
that my vacation is a busy one. I am thinking
very strongly of going into the bee-business
and dropping school work.

The American Bee Journal is a fine paper
and full of valuable information. Iowa.

Answers.— 1. To get the best price for
comb honey it is well to take it oF as soon as
it is sealed, because it is whiter then, and the
market demands the whitest combs. If left
on longer it will bt- better to the taste in all
probability, but the comb will not be so white.

2. Don't think of depending upon bees
alone till you have enough money ahead to
tide you over one or more years of failure.

A Beginner's Experiences

1. I am a beginner, having started last year
with 4 colonies, ami last spring I bought 3
more colonies, witli the expectation of get-
ting t> new swarms. Three swarms issued
from them, but -'uf them died shortly after
they were hived. The weather was cloudy
and rainy. Do you think they should have
been fed! I did jiv them syrup a couple of
times.

2. I found some cl-'s in one of the swarms
that died, and am Finding them to you, and
would like to havi you tell me what kind of
eggs they are. Art- ihey moth eggs?

3. We had very nice weather last spring,
and honey began to i-ome in early. One col-
ony had very nearl 'ue super full of honey,
but it was not r;.i;- all capped over, so to
make room for in* .orkers I put an empty
super on top of ili ne. About a week later

I looked at it again, but it was not yet com-
pletely capped, so I left it for another week,
and when f again opened the hive I found
that every bit of the honey had been taken
from the combs. What became of that
honey? The last week has been a little
cloudy, but there has been occasionally clear
weather, so that the bees could fly out, and
they seemed to be doing good work.

I suppose I should have put the empty
super under the full super, but I did that last
year and the bees carried all the honey down
into the empty super, and of course lost a
good deal of time. This year I put the empty
super on top, and lost all the honey.

4. I had one colony that swarmed 3 times.
The bees would settle, and before I could hive
them they would go back into the old hive.
They did this 3 times. What was the matter
with them ? That was a month ago, and they
have not swarmed since.

5. I never clipped a queen yet. In fact, I
have never been able to find the queen in any
of my colonies, though I have looked many
times. The bees all look alike to me.

Oregon.
Answers.— 1. Yes, it weather is cloudy and
rainy immediately after a swarm is hived, it
should be fed. When they have used up the
honey they carried with them in their sacs,
the bees have no stores in the hive to fall back
upon, and if not fed must starve.

2. As nearly as I cm make out, after the
specimen has been crushed in the mail, what
you send is the egg of the cockroach, dark
brown or black, and larger many times than
the egg of the moth, which is white, and
round as a marble.

3. Although it seems pretty rapid work for
the bees to carry all the honey out of the
super in 2 weeks' time, there seems no other
way to account for it. The honey-flow must
have stopped, and the bees carried the honey
down into the brood-chamber. If the honey-
flow stopped longenough, the bees would carry
the honey down, no matter whether the empty
super was under or over the full one.

4. Some would say they went with the
queen on her wedding-trip, but Mr Doolittle
says bees don't do that. It is possible that
the queen was not able to fly with the swarm,
and ihe swarm woald then go back into the
hive. The queen crawled back into the hive
the first and second time, but the third time
she was lost, and then the swarm did not go
again. The usual thing would be for the bees
to swarm again when the first virgin queen
issued from her cell; but the stoppage of the
honey-flow at that time prevented the swarm-
ing.

5. If you persevere you will undoubtedly
succeed in finding a queen, and having found
one it will be easier to find others. Look for
a bee larger than the workers, with wings
that look too short for her size.

Why No Honey Coming In?

In this locality we have had no honey so
far, and almost no swarming. There has
been plenty of white clover and some other
bloom, but absolutely no honey, while last
year all supers were full by July 1."), and there
was free swarming. There is no disease. The
bees simply stay in the supers and don't work,
and but few bees are to be seen on the flowers.
What is the trouble? Kansas.

Answer. — I don't know. I only know that
sometimes there is abundance of white clover
in bloom and bees can get nothing from it,
and at other times when no bloom is to be
seen the bees fairly roll in the nectar. Some
have said it was owing to electrical conditions.

Bees Tearing Down Queen-Cells

I had one ulony queenlessand gave them a
frame of hrootl. The third day after, they
had 4 qiieL-ii-cells started. The next time I
looked they were capped. When they had
been tapped about a week I looked into the
hive again, intending to cut them out, but
found mat ilio bees had torn them down be-
fore it was iuiii- for them to hatch out. I also
found thai 2 ariiticial swarms with queen-cells

604

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 24. 190S

had done the same thing. I gave one of them
another frame of brood. What is the matter
with these colonies? Wisconsin.

AN8WEER. — The probability is that a young
queen had emerged from her cell. Her first
care would be to see that all rivals were out
of the way. Possibly you may say that you
are sure that could not have been the case,
for you looked the combs over very, very
carefully, and every queen-cell was torn open
at the side, the end of the cell being entire,
showing that no queen could have emerged
from it. In that case a virgin from elsewhere
may have entered the hive. Oftener than you
might suppose a virgin or a laying queen en-
ters some hive other than her own. Some-
times, however, bees take a notion to destroy
cells with no apparent reason for it.

Italian Bees Practically Motli-Proof

What bees, if any, will keep moths out of
hives? What bees are liext to keep moths out?

Arkansas.

Answer. — No bees will succeed perfectly in
keeping the moth entirely out of the hives.
Any bees will succeed to a large measure, if
colonies are kept strong. Itailians are very
much better than blacks. Even asnucleus of
Italians will defend themselves quite well
against the moth. Not a thought need be
given to any danger from moths in strong
colonies of Italians with laying queens.

A Queen Experience

A colony that swarmed July 19 was put on
a new stand and given a virgin queen, which
the bees apparently liberated July 20. She
immediately (I suppose) lore out all the
queen-cells. July :il the hive was opened,
the cage removed, and ibe frames put in or-
der. Twenty minutes afterward the queen
was dead outside the hive. Was the queen
accepted for a time, that is, long enough to
destroy the queen-cells, then killed by the
bees when the hive was opened? All of these
bees were afterwards run through perforated
zinc, and given brood in all stages, but no
queen-cells were started, nor can I tind any
signs of laying workers. What is the matter*
Would you try to reduce such a colony?

Indiana.

Answer.— Hard to tell just what was the
matter. The supposition that the virgin you
gave was accepted, allowed to destroy the
cells, and then killed by the bees within 20
minutes after yon opened the hive is hardly
tenable. Left to themselves, it is very un-
likely that the bees would turn upon the
queen after she had destroyed the queen-cells.
If your opening the hive made the bees at-
tack the queen, they would be a good deal
longer than 20 minutes in killing her, for she
would be killed by balling, which probybly
means starving to death. It is possible thai
you might accidentally have Isilled her your-
self. That the bees should have been sifted
through an excluder so as to exclude any
queen, and then should refuse to start queen-
cells, is at least very unusual. It is possible
that there is a queen in the hive, however.
Virgin queens are up to tricks, and one of
their tricks is to enter some hive other than
their own. Just as soon as you got through
sifting, and had turned your back, a virgin
may have entered from el.s'cwhere.

If you And no eggs prcbtnt by the time the
queen, (it they hsve a queen), is 3 weeks old.
you have your choice eiih«r to break up the
colony or to give it a queen. In the mean-
Mime, it you desire to lieep the colony going,
give it frames of unsealed brood and eggs
from elsewhere, to keep up its spirits and its
strength. It would du no harm also to give a
queen-cell, which will be destroyed it any.
thing in the shape of a queen is present.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.

l^cpovts anb
(Sxpcriences

Poor Honey P/ospeets

The honey prospect for Grant and Crawford
counties is very poor this year, owing wholly
to the bad weather. It has been mostly rainy,
cloudy, and cold. It has rained every day for
9 days up to to-day, and it threatens now.
Not all the time, but from one to four showers
a day, some of them very hard ones. It is
impossible to make hay or do any farm work.
We have about one-third of a usual basswood
bloom, and it is open now.

The season is far advanced, the honey sea-
son is almost over, and our hives are not full —
yea, they lack a good dtal of it. May the
American Bee .lournal still come, and we will
hope for a better crop next year.

Crant Co., Wis., July 8. L. G. Blair.

Putting Weak Colonies Over Strong
Onts

On page 570, in referring to Mr. Bevins'
loss of queens when he put 2 weak colonies
over at many strong ones, Mr. Hasty says,
" The scheme is important enough to justify
more reports, large and small." Here is a
small one:

Early in April 9 colonies of a little less than
medium strength were put over as many
stronger ones. For an experiment 6 of the
9 pairs were left in that way till the middle
of June, working peaceably in the same su-
pers above the upper brood-nest, and each
queen doing her full duty. The other 3 pairs
were taken down at the opening of clover,
and each pair put into an tenement hive, wide
enough to give each queen .5 Langstroth
frames on her own side of a bee-tight divisiou
board, and covered with a zinc-excluder.
They have not only gone through the early
harvest, but through a three weeks" tlearth, and
are still occupying the supers in common
harmoniously. I consider that in this report

2 things should be noted which may amount
to conditions; First, the bees used were pure
3-banded Italians, and Second, The upper col-
onies were stron;,' enough to cover fairly well

3 Langstroth combs. I could not be confident
of success with hybrids, and should expect a
pint of dysentery-stricken bees to lose their
queen regardless of purity or race. It may
be well to say that the 6 pairs worked one
above the other were on frames .t'-;., inches
deep, and the 3 worked in tenement hives are
on Langstroth franes. E. W. Diefendorf.

Cooper Co., Mo., Aug. 12.

" Honey, Honey Everywhere "

I never could see much difference in the
honey-How one year with another in this
vicinity during the past 16 or 17 years. Every
year seemed to he about the same. Some
years the fall flow would be good and the
spring (low light, other years the spring Bow
would be the belter. But this year is an ex-
ception right through.

I started the season with 271 colonies and
did not have over 'M swarms. The fact of it
is the bees did not have time to swarm. The
season started with a little robbing among
themselves, and they cleaned out a few of the
neighbors' hives. Thin fruit-bloom started,
and I noticed that tin- bees were humming
quite loudly. I got the surplus boxes on
nearly all, and the fruit-bloom lasted about 2
weeks. By this tiiiic the most of the colonies
had their supers liuifihed and one colony had
2 completely tlnished. Then the raspberry
and white clover Hoh started. I run out of
sections as I wasn't expecting such a flow,
but I have a horse-power machine for making
hives and I cut out chunk-honey frames for
the surplus boxes. I e; i out pieces 1'^ inches
wide, and just .so the' would drop inside of
theend-barsof theseeron-holders, and tacked
a piece of tin about un; inch square on each
end to keep them from dropping down, the

tin resting on top of the end-blocks of the
section-holders. I fastened the foundation
on these top-bars by nailing a little strip right
down on the edge of the foundation.

The flow seemed to get better all the lime.
The only trouble was to give the bees room
enough, and to get the honey off the hives.
Some of the colonies built comb on the out-
side and under the bottom-boards. The bass-
wood How was splendid, and there is a heavy
buckwheat flow on now. I hove honey piled
up everywhere. Butter tubs are full; I
bought all the barrels in the 3 nearest towns,
and they are full; I built a large tank; the
honey-house is piled full of supers clear to
the top, and there must be 700 or 800 full su-
pers on the hives that should be taken off at
once. There would surely be a drop in the
New York market if I shipped all this honey
at one time, but there is no danger of that, as
it will take me from now until next spring to
get it all weighed ! I can't sleep nights for
dreaming about automobiles, big iron tanks,
and bees. Wm. Kernan.

Sullivan Co., Pa., Aug. 9.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Xational. — The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 6011 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct.. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, and continue three
tlmju.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be a* the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer. long sound of a), corner of Houston
and Jefferson Sts., and rates are only SI. 00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Lan^stroChonthe
*^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Oadant— Latest] Edition.

This is one of tlie standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal— Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
I or work.

Aug. 24, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

605

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Qcbens for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to BU orders by RETUKN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian ; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones); imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for $6.00

■' 6 for 3.25

I for 60

After Oct. 1.

Untested 13 for *~.oO

6 for 4.00

" 1 tor 7.T

Tested—

Each

Breeders —

Each 3.00

.*1.50

27Al3t

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill.Tenn.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPINC-CASES ~
■^'e carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HARSH FIELD riANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfleld, Wis.

Shipping=Cases |

i Poor Shipping-Cases are an expensive investment. No matter what price you ^

buy them at, you are paying too much when you feel your loss through breakage in j»

' shipping. ^

When you buy Doll's ShippinK-Cases you get the best there is in the mar- £

ket, and you are not asked to pay more than others ask you to pay for poor Cases. ^

1 We don't want your money unless we satisfy you. Try us. »

JOHN DOLL & SON, I

■.^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 5

i

■ ' iiimmmmi0^t^^

li-Mi. _3|[^

p

We are

Mannfaclurers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING - CASES — EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS-HIVES-AND ^EVERY-
THING FOR THE IBEE - KEEPER

Sen-d for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments. Low Prices.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Select Tested Breeders

Golden Yellow Breeding Queens, SI. Every
young queen from them yellow as gold. Non-
swarming, non-stingers and hustlers for
honey. S-page leaflet on Queen-Rearing free
to all.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Ce'ie memaon Bee Jonrna; wnen vmtmg

Queens-ITALUM-iJiieens

BY RETURN MAIL

Queens from Root's Red Clover Stock and
Golden Italian Queens— the best honey gath-
erers in America. Untested, 5Ue each, or $6
per dozen. I guarantee safe delivery. Send
your orders to
E. A. SIMMONS, Fort Deposit, Ala.

33.\i f Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTE Queen-Clipping
Device Is a fine thing for use ia
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREK as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
I for a year at $1.00; or for $1,10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,

. , - CHICAGO, ILL.

Learu Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$50 to $IC0 per month salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Largest system of teleEraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPEK-
ATORS AIRWAYS IN DEMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write tor CataloK.

Morse School of Telegraphy.

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta. Ga. LaCrosse,
Wis. Texarkana, Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29At7t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal

ITAIIAN ttlEENS

EITHER GOLDEN OR HONEY QUEENS
AFTER JDLY 1.

j^y* Our Goldens will

^ come up with any other

Golden strain. Our

Honey - 4{ueen8 are

what some breeders call
r / " Red Clover Queens."

1 6 12

Untested » -75 $4.00 $7.00

lebted (or War. Tested) 1.25 7.0U 13 00

Breeders 5.00

2£rame Nuclei (no Queen)... 2.00 11.00 22.00

When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
price of any Queen wanted. We guarantee safe
arrival of all Queens and Nuclei. Our breeders
may be returned after 30 days, if satisfaction is
not given. Cash must come with all orders.
Orders are booked and filled in rotation.

D. J. BLOCHER p^*1I:l?'^^

16Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

We are now • ble to quote lower prices than ever
before High' -i quality (aiaranteed. Wehandlethe
G B i.ewiv i'o 3 goods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetaileri hives. Send for my 88-page Catalog, and
leaflet for beginners. They are free.

44Etf W. I. Mccarty, Bmmetsburi;. Iowa

Please Mention Bee Journal
wlien writing advertisers.

606

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 24. 1905

GEOROE W. YOBK & Co. „ a.u J u J

The two queens received of you some time ago are fine. They are good breeder?,
and the workers are showing up fine. I introduced them among black bees, and the
bees are nearly yellow now and are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kans., July 1.5, 1905.

Geobge W. York iV: Co.

The queen I bought of you has proven a good one, and
my best colonies.

Washington Co., Va., July 22, 1905.

has given me some of
N. P. Oglesby.

I

^

Georoe W. York & Co.

The queen received of you a few days ago came
through O. K., and I want to say she is a buauty. I
immediately introduced her into a colony which haa
been queenless for 20 days. She was accepted by them,
and has gone to work nicely. I am highly pleased with
her and your promptness in filling my order. My father,
who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You will hear from me again when I am in need of some-
thing in the bee line. E. E. McColm.
Marion Co., 111., July 13, 1905.

An Untested Italian Queen-Bee
FREE as a Premium

- For Sending One New Subscriber =

for the American Bee Journal for a year with .?1.00.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a line Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian (^ueen to the person who complies with the following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed :

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2. Sending your own name with -$1.00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle yoii
to a Queen as a premium. The sender roust be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a MEW subscriber; which means,
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous.to his name being sent in as a new one; and, also, the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
be made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away— they must be
earned in a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 DeapbOf n Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

§ Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. 8

I ourIII"V"ES and SEOTIOITS |

0 Are Perfect In YVorlimanshIp and Material. <

8 By sending- in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and S

8 secure prompt shipment. ^

1 PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New Lor :m, Wis. us* |

t^ease mention Bee ionrual ■wnen wrltuiA.

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian Queens

Untested, after June 15, 75c; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders— the very best, $5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. '»VALXER S. HOSS.

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

tiD BIBO.C XS oi 9 mojj ^SBf puy
o ?no 00 iaA8^ I

a

PX'd 1878, 'Si, 'as & 19US t^

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
thesmokerline; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
If 1 want any more smokers your new style Is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view tor what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to ?et mine. Fked Fodnek,
I' ea^e oaentloii See Jo'imai 'sruen writaijj.

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the
following prices:

lib. Jars with corks — 1 case of 31 doz. for

$5 50: 3 cases, $15.50.

3^-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5 25; 3 cases for -*15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars- 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

HTd'' Comb Foundation Mills

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

YORK HONEY l~u^p«L^Y^ CO.

(Not incorporatf d)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Do You Need Queens ?

By Return Mail ?

It so, we can fill your order with the best
Queens that money can buy. Try our strain of
3'baud Italians; thev will not disappoint you
with empty supers. Untested Queens, 75 cents;
fS per doz. Tested Queens, $1 each. Send for
circular. J. W. K. SHAW A CO.

l3Atf LoREAUviLLE, Iberia Par., La.

A New Magazine

Would you like the new iiiag.izine— written especially for ynu
— to you — by you, Rood sturit-s, pretty, seiviuciihle fiialiions.
Iioiisehold hcljis, reci("-3. letters from subscribers, practiciil
r>liins f>ir earning incomes— a chnriiiing magazine— wort li
iiiaiiy times its price/ If so, send us 2'* cents for a year's mb-
-iriiili.iii, or send postal for Siiiiiplc ci.iiy.

The WOMAN'S JOURNAL

702 Journal Bldg. CHICAGO

Aug-. 24.1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

607

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Ouaranteed Superiority ! v

Lowest- Prices B

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

Nbw .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

Queens NOW i^eady to SuDDiy
Do Return Mall

Stock which canDot be excelled. Each variety bred iq separate apiaries,

from selected mothers; have proven their qualities as

GREAT HONEr-GATHERERS.

{~if\t/^£if% I -^o 1 1 O rt CT H*^® °o superior, and few equals. B— ■
vJUlUCII 1 LCtllCtlld Untested, 7dc; 6 for $4.00. 103

TheAmericanBee Keeper I B Red Clover Queens

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

Please mention Bee Journal when wrlthaa

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Cboice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .65

One tested queen ')0

One select tested queen.. 1.10

One breeding queen l.oS

One comb nucleus (no

queen] 1.00

All grades ready to eeod
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 300 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
prices. ••• "j* 8T/mCOJ^^w»

304 Bast Loffan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Jovrnal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 80WTH Water St. Chicago. III.

fPlease xneatior. ^fle Journal -vnoji wntxafi^

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry araouDls to many limes
the cost of Lambert's Ueatli to
Lice — the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and protlt made by
its use. Frees sittint^ hens from
lice without harming eggs or
cliicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. lUO cz.. by express. $1.90.

O. K. STOCK F«»D CO..

I>. J. Laniliert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon ItlJe., Chlcacu. IlL

'-oase mention Bee .loo '-n a '« ber w^iy.c^

New Comb honey-Chop of 1905

We believe it would i>ay those having it ia car .
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low.
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and si vie of package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more ot these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manjcanola, Colo,, and F.-iiRFiFLD, III.
ISAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Which left all records be-
hind in honey-gathering.
Untested, 75c ; 6 for $4.
/^-j^^J I ^_ — They are so highly recommended, being

^'d.rrllOlcl.nS more gentle than all others. Untested, 75c;
6 for $4.00.

c. H.W.WEBER "s:r

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warefiouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

policy anb

CHiCAGo,Aug^. IS —The demand has absorbed
all the oflfeiidgs of fancy and A No. 1 grades of
white comb honey at 14c, while No. 1 has sold
at 13@13Hc. No call at present for other than
the best grade, it really being difficult to place
what ordinarily is called No. 1. Extracted,
while. 6@7c; amber, light and dark,5('« 6c. Bees-
wax, 28c. R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

Albany, N.Y., July 26.— There is some call
for tioney, new crop, and if here would proba-
bly sell for best prices of season, as the general
impression is there will be a large crop. White
comb honey will start off at 15c to early buyers.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas Citv, July 20.— New comb honey has
made its appearance; fancy white in 24-section
cases selling at $2 75 per case; No.l at $2.50, and
good demand, 'i'here ts no new extracted in as
yet, market on old stock being quotable at from
S@6c. Beeswax, 25an2Sc. C. C. clbmons A Co.

Cincinnati, Au^. 18.— The heavy requests
for offers on honey recently, have a tendency
to lower the prices. We are striving hard to
maintain gocd prices, by giving our friends
more than their honey is worth, to hold up the
market. So far we have been successful. Still
offer extracted honey as follows; Amber in
barrels and cans at 5}i@6%c, respectively.
White clover at Tf&SJ^c. We feel that lower
prices will prevail iu the near future.

Comb honey is coming in quite freely. We
quote fancy while comb honey at 12@15c. The
arrival of Western car-load shipments of comb
honey is anticipated daily, after which the
nrarket will be shattered as to prices. Bees-
wax, 26c. Thb Fred W.Mxtth Co.

Denver, June 26.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enout;u of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new L:rop comes iu; ihe same is
selling- as follows : No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, $^'"^::^0; No. 2, $l.75@$2. White
extracted, 6H'"~/t-c per pound. Beeswax, 26c.

The Coi o. li'iNEY-PKODUCEKS' ASS.N.

New York, Au
the market as yc
K-xtracted is l
quote: Califuni
according to <iu.
In barrels from
remains steady

I ^. — No new comb honey on

d very few inquiries so far.
ly good demand and we
from 5J4@7c per pound,
and quantity. Southern
6Sc per gallon. Beeswax
per pound.

HiLDRETH A SEOBLKEN

Philadelphia, Aug. 7.— Some honey arriv-
iug, with prospects of a good crop all ihrough
the East, but no call for comb honey during
the hot weather, so that prices are not as yet
established. Extracted heney arriving freely.
We quote as follows; Fancy white, 7@3c; am-
ber, 6(a'7c. Beeswax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Cincinnati, C, Aug. 8.— There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is In usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, in barrels, at 5Ji@5'-ic; in cans,
5^@6c. Beeswax, 2Sc. C. H. W, Weber.

San Francisco, Ang. ''.—White comb. 1-lb-
sections, ''@10 cents; amber, 7(»8c. Extracted,
water-white, 5@5Kc; white, 4^4@5c; light am-
ber, 4@4% cents; amber, 3H@4c; dark amber,
2Ji@3c. Beeswax, good tochotce, light, 27@29c.

The honey market shows little change this
week. All dealers have large stocks and all
new arrivals show an excellent <juality. Wh te
honey which has been received in this market
is of a very superior quality and is meeting
with a fair demand. Prices are being held at
the figures quoted, though trading is very light.

FOR SALE

Until further uuttce, fine- 1 quality new crop
California Water-White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60.1b. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN
265 & 2tj7 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUNO CANS
We have a good supply of Pare Kaxs-
M'oo«l Honey in (iO-lb. cans that we can
ship Ijy retiu'u freight at these prices: 1 can
in a bo.\, at S cents a pound ; 2 or more can.*,
boxed, at 7' . cents — all t.o.h. Chicago. Cash
with order. Sample, by mail, S cents in
stamps, to cover pacliage and postage.
Address,

YOPK HONEYrtPppl'^CO.

m H:i Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

608

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 24, 1905

Have You Got to the Shipping-Point ?

IF SO ""

Remember that the G. B. Lewis Co. make the finest, whitest, neat-
ist, and most accurately fitting SHIPPINQ-CASES on the
market, and also that they and their agents have in stock these and
all kinds of honey-packages ready for prompt shipment.

IF NOT

And you are still in need of Sections aiid other Supplies,
remember that LEWIS' GOODS will give the best satis-
faction. For sale the world over.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

tWI S i

LWATCRT£WN^

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS CO. B

Maaufa, urers of

ee- Keepers'
SupiDlies

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. -A.

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at 5an Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 30, 31 and Nov. i.

SiPle^^^^2^ii^

45th Yeai-

CHICAGO, ILL., AUGUST 31, 1905

No. 35

rtii7'.j«».-«"B

***«i T--- iir ^aH^

•••g— "■ ,^||*^ '•fc -w^^™ 1

H> w" viaaa^

*r^HM,H^^^H

■ '- :-^- ■ ■! **•

Si£

1

. ^js L_

Part of Apiary of Wm. M. Whitney, of Walworth Co., Wis.

Apiary of S. C. Ford, of Walworth Co., Wis.

! and Honey Exhibit at the Midsummer Fair, held at Part of Apiary of J. J. Measer, of Reno Co., Kan.

Lake Geneva, Wis., July 14 and 15, 1905. (Sue page 614.)

610

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug, 31. 190 5

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal fB
81.00 a year, in the United States. Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries In the Postal Union, ou
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-IiABETj DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance. "decn5"on your label shows that it is
paidtotheendof Dtcember, 19U4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent ua to pay Bubscription, bui
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riahts. . . .», ^ ,^ ..

3(1.— To enforce laws against the adulteration oi
honey* _

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

Cteneral Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. France. Platteville, WIb,

^^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
OQbliBhers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 20) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any hooey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (I) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George W. York, Manager,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905, we will Kive an untested Italian queen for
sendinE uaONE NEW subscription with $1.00 for the
Bee Journal a year. Now i^ the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the ofllce of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY- JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal serew cap, holding one
ponnd of honey net, one gross in case complete
in 5-gros6 lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, fo.b. New York. If yon want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETM & SEQELKEN.

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

UAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred mi'es of me are over ^^ of
the t3ee-l£eeper8 of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette K.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

23AUt FREMONT. MICH.

f Lease mention Bee .joumal wnen mltiiie

#

<< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

Hoosier Strain Italian Queen-Bees by Return Nail

1!^

Untested Qaeen $ .75

Select Untested Qaeen 1.00

Tested Queen 1.00

Select Tested Queen 2.00

Select Breeding Queen 15.00

Best Imported Queen 5.00

Fair Imported Queen 3.00

WALTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

r^1^-'7|fF7f.. ,(.. '/.||;F7|F'j!f •- •,(•■ ,-fr •,!.. ■,,ff: •,,. •■ •,(.■ -,(. -i!(,« .If.- v.|,. ,|.. «(.. irjr -0^ ,,,. •,(.■ •)(#? -^

Diuiner's Foundaiion \% m mi.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

ing- Wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.

&INGER & Co., Toronto, Out., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wk

Flease mention Bee Journal when -wrltliifi,

THE DEMAND FOR

I mm'h strain of Italians

I Is greater this season than ever. Why? Because his FAMOUS LONG-TONGUED RED-

' CLOVER STOCK has won a world-wide reputation for hooey-gatheridg, hardiness, and

I g-entieaess. iney were working so thick on a field of red clover at hayiug-time that

' the man who cut it was afraid to drive his horses into it to mow it. Their long tongues

I enable them to secure nectar beyond the reach of short-tongned bees.

Untested Queens, 75c each; six, $4; dozen, $7.50. Select Untested, $1 each; six, $5;

[ dozen, $9. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Descriptive circular free.

; Address, J. P. MOORE, Rt. I, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

; P. S.— I am now filling orders BY RETURN MAIL. 29Dtf ^§

Sections, and a
full line of
Bee-Supplies

By Return Freight or Express. Send to

YORK HONEY 'iiP^^^^ CO. Nome

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Oood»
at Factory l*rices and Prompt S^hipnient, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Lewis Shipping-Gases

H. M. ARND,
Mgr.

Please Menlioo the American Bee Jonriial Admti?e!S*

Aug. 31, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

611

i "DADMT'S FOUNDATIOI"

IT EXiOELS.

####

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

« « ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ ^

OP ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times,

###

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Return Mall. Safa Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.ICB1S. oNt SIX

Untastad $0.75 $4.00

Selact Unteatad '1.00 5.00

Tailed 1.50 8 00

Saiact Tested 2.00 10 00

TWELVE

$7. SO

9 00

15.00

18.00

Select Breeders, each

Twe-frame Nucleus and Red Clover Queen . . ■ .

THE FRED W. MUTH C

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINf

'l«TI.

Wi 8bll Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let ns quote you prices on Sections, HiTes,
Foundation, etc, as we can save jou time and
frelcrht. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Journal when WTiltDt^

VIRGINIA QUEENS IfrJoltllTyl^ri

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
queens, jl 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
17A26t Fredericksbdbg, Va.

4i>\lif\ii\i/\lAi/ii/ii/\i/il/\l/\l/\l/VI/\i/\l/\l/\l/U/\«A^A

B66 - SUDDli6S ! I

: stock and greatest
ling needed in the
■St goods at lowest
\ e our Free Illus-
, Massie Hives, etc.

We carry a lai't;t

variety of every t!

Apiary, assuring hi
prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-lteeper to ba
traced Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hive^
Writ* at once for Catalog, either English or German latigiiaife. ^

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. 5

— agencies ^

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton & Ford, (

Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Lan

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Ant..

arden City, Kansas. &
.r, Colo. ^'

, Tex.

FINE QUEENS

By Return Jlall. From my
3 and 5 banded lon^-tougued
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, 75c; untested,
60c; no disease. I guaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW

23Atf R. F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

^iy(f^(fy(f\(f>(f>(fy(f>(fy(fy(fy(f>(fy(fy(»\(fy(fy(fy i>(fy(fy(f>(fy(f><^

QUEENS

We have secured the services
of one of the best Queen special-
ists in the U. S. Over 20 years'
experience rearing (jueens. Our
Yard is stocked with select breed-
ers from the best yards in Amer-
ica, and can send Queens by re-
turn mail.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens l.SO

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS,

.S21 Monroe Street,
TOLiHSDO, - OI€IO.

^ease mention Bee Journal 'when ^pnting.

612

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 31, 1905

SEPTEflBER SPECIAL

Cash Discount tor Early Orders

We can not remember a year when we were not crowded with
orders through the spring months, and somewhat behind, some years
more than others. In order to divert some of this trade to the fall and
winter months, we have offered Inducements in the way of an early-
order cash discount. This year we will be more libera) than ever be-
fore in the amount of discount allowed. For some months the price
of some of the materials used has been a little lower, and we have
stocked up heavily, and propose giving you the advantage of the
saving in price. The abundant farm crops throughout the country
are stimulating trade in almost all lines, and prices are already stiffen-
ing. The discounts which we propose to offer for early cash orders
are as follows :

For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 percent.

Nov. 1 9 "

Dec. 1 8

" " .Ian. 1 I '•

" " Feb. 1 6

" " March 1 4 "

" " April 1 3

You will notice that, after .January, the discount drops 2 percent
a month ; and if we find that advancing prices of materials do not
warrant the larger discount, we reserve the right to reduce the amount
of discount at any time. Your safest plan is, therefore, to order at once.

This discount is only for cash before the dates named, and is in-
tended to apply to hives, sections, frames, foundation, extractors,
smokers, shipping-cases, cartons, and other miscellaneous bee-keepers'
supplies. It will not apply on orders for the following articles exclu-
sively ; but where these form no more than about 10 percent of the
whole orders, the discount may be taken from the entire bill : Tinned
wire, paint, Bingham smokers. Porter bee-escape, glass and tin honey-
packages, scales, bees and queens, bee books and papers, labels and
other printed matter; bushel boxes, seeds, and other specialties not
listed in our general catalog.

Beeswax and Comb Foundation

To compensate for the large early order cash discount we propose
to increase the trade price of wax ; and until further notice we will
pay 26 cts. cash, or 30 cts. in trade, for average wax delivered here or
at our branches. When you take trade at 30 cts. a pound you]will not
be entitled to the early-order discount on the supplies.

The price of comb foundation was reduced Aug. 1 two cents a
pound, and the revised price stands as follows:

Grade.

Size, and sheets
per pound.

Medium Brood I 784x16% 7 to 8

Light Brood \ 7%xl6J4 9 to 10

Thin Super SKxlo^ 28

Extra Thin a'i'xlSM 32

lib.

55
57
62
65

— In lots of —
5 10 25

53
55
60
63

51
53

58
61

49
51
56

59

50

48
50
55

58

The early-order cash discount applies to the reduced price of
foundation, making a total net reduction of 7 to 8 cts. a pound for
September orders. We recommend that shipment of foundation be
avoided in extreme cold weather, and to that end it would be well to
get in your supply in the fall. Use your leisure time in winter to nail
and paint your hives, put up sections, and prepare other articles ready
for the spring rush.

Extra-Long Bee-Gloves

Having made arrangements for our supply of gloves from a factory
making a specialty of their manufacture, we save enough in the cost
to enable us 10 oiler them either with or without fingers at 35 cts. a
pair; by mail, 42 cts.

No-Drlp Shipping-Cases

Don't allow your Comb Honey to be sold at low prices on account
of poor Shipping-Cases. Put your crop into Hoot's No-Drip Cases
and it will reach the market in perfect condition, thus bringing satis-
factory returns. Our Cases are made of selected basswood, with 2 or
8 inch glass front, which shows off the honey to the very best advan-
tage. Below is a condensed price-list. Complete prices and particu-
lars are found in our general catalog.

Shipping-Cases.
Name and Size of Case.

.d
i

1
■3

Z

30
30
20
20
25
20
20
30
25
30
25

Price complete
including 3-in.
glass one side,
nails and pa-
per, in flat.

With2inglass
instead of 3—
per 100.

Without
glass, per
100.

1

25
25
15
15
18
15
15
23
20
22
20

10

100

.a

12-in
10-in.
12-in
10-in
16-nn
8-in
6}i-ii

73^-11
9K-ii
6M-in

4-row for 4I4 section

2 00
2 00
1 30
1 20
1 50
1 30
1 20
1 80
1 40
1 80
1 40

SIS 00

17 00

11 00

10 60

12 00

11 50
11 00
16 00

13 00
16 00
11 50

$17 00
16 00
10 50

10 00

11 50
10 75
10 25

$16 00

4-row '* "

15 00

2-row " "

10 00

2-row " "

9 50

3-row " "

11 00

3-row " "

10 00

1. 3row " "

9 50

1. 4-row for 4x5 "

14 00

1. 3-row " "

10 50

1. 4-row for 3^x5 "

14 00

1. 3-row " "

10 00

The Simplex Jar

The handsomest glass package on the market.
It's a package you need not be ashamed of, and
will find its way beside the finest of the grocery
shelves. Create a demand for your honey.

This is a new jar with glass screw-top and rub-
ber gasket fitted to the taper screw on jar, which
seals absolutely air-tight. Put up in re-shipping
cases "f 3 dozen jars each, with corrugated pro-
tec toi E.

Price $1.10 per case; 6 cases (« $1.05; 30 oases
or more (liSl.OO.

5-Gallon Square Cans

The above cut shows the favorite package for shipping extracted
honey. There is no shrinkage and consequent leaking; no taint 10
the honey from wood, as is so frequently the case with barrels and
kegs. The cans, being made square, economize space, and are easily
boxed. They are used exclusively in the far West. Take 4th class
freight-rate.

PRICE LIST OF SQUARE CANS.

No. in
a box.

1

2

10

12

34

100

100

100

Capacity of each can Price of Wt . of

in gallons, in honey. 1 box. 10 bxs. 1 box.

5-gal. can boxed
5-gal. "

1-gal.
Ja'-gal.

1-gal.
>2-gal.
>i-gal. • "

60 lbs.

60 "

12 "

6 "

3 "

12 "

6 "

3 "

$ 55

85

1 50

1 50

2 40
11 00

9 00
7 00

$ 5 00

8 00

14 00

14 00

< 33 00

;i05 00

85 00
65 00

10 lbs.

15 "

30 "

20 "

25 "

110 "

80 "

60 "

Porter Bee-Escape

The great labor-saver. No well-regulated apiary can afford to be
without it more than a smoker.

Price 20e each; $2.25 per dozen, orepaid.

Price with board, 35c; $3.20 for IJ, not postpaid.

The A. I. Root Comoany,

MEDINA,
OHIO

Ghicago, !44 E. trie St.

PhiladelDhia, 10 Vine St.

m

New yorl(, 44 Veseu St.

p^lWERICAAr

Bee Journal

'Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Published n^eekly at 81. OO a Year by Ceorge W. Tork A Co., 334 Uearborn St.

QBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., AUGUST 31, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 35

/T

%,

(Sbitortal Hotes ^ (Eommcnts

=\

=/

Reserve Combs of Sealed Honey

Are you planning to have a j^oodly number
o( combs o( sealed honey ready to give to
needy colonies next spring? Perhaps it would
be better not to speak of giving them to needy
colonies, but rather to colonies that can take
them. A colony may have enough honey to
supply its wants up to the time the white-
honey harvest begins, and the beginner may
think, " Well, that is all that is needed.'"

There may be a good profit, however, in
giving combs of sealed honey, even if those
combs are not needed to prevent starvation.
The dark fall honey is not worth as much on
the market as the earlier light honey, and,
indeed, in some cases it is hardly marketable.
But before any of the white honey is stored
in supers, the bees will fill the vacancy in the
brood-chamber. Now, suppose you have
sealed combs of dark honey to fill that
vacancy. Every pound of dark honey you
thus put in the brood-chamber means a pound
more of light honey in the super, practically
making that dark honey of the same value as
the light. See the point? If you do, make
preparations accordingly.

An Imported Cyprian Queen

Dr. C. C. Miller sends us the following re-
port on a Cyprian queen with which he has
been experimenting:

Last year I obtained from the Government
Apioultural Investigator, Prof. Frank Benton,
an imported Cyprian queen. By the close of
the season she was well established in a full
colony, ready for business the past spring.
She did good work at laying ; so far as I could
see, as good work as if she had not done so
much traveling. Her workers are as beauti-
ful as Italians — I'm not sure one would tell
them from Italians. I was expecting them to
be very cross, but they showed so little vin-
dictiveness that I felt somewhat aggrieved at
having been imposed upon by having been
given a Cyprian queen without the proper
quota of temper.

In storing, the colony fell behind the aver-
age in the apiary. I'm not sure whether that
should be counted against these Cyprian
bees. It is well known that a queen that has
been through the mails may do very poor
work, while her royal offspring will show ex-
cellent results. The ill effects of travel, how-
ever, while making the queen do poorer work
at laying, ought hardly to affect the character

of the worker offspring, and the colony In
this case being of average strength ought, one
would think, to have done average work.
They were not allowed to continue storing the
entire season, and it is barely possible that
they might have done better later on.

One fault was so grievous that it con-
demned them utterly for comb-honey produc-
tion : They filled the honey so close to the
cappings that they made watery-looking
sections.

June 30 they were found to have started
queen-cells, and in that they showed very
plainly that thej- were distinctly different
from the other bees in the apiary, for such a
smattering of queen-cells and queen-cell cups
I never saw before. It seemed a good thing
to turn this peculianty to account; so they
were set to work at the business of starting
queen-cells, and the result is shown on the
first-cover page of this Journal for Aug. 3 —
119 cells at a sitting.

Thus made queenless for cell-rearing, they
redeemed themselves as to the matter of tem-
per, and I had no further occasion to accuse
Prof. Benton of having defrauded me out of
my proper rights. They were vicious enough
to give full satisfaction to any one desiring
viciousness. They were also more prompt
to start laying workers than any other bees I
had ever known.

Just so far as could be judged from this
one queen and her progeny, one would say
that Cyprians, when not queenless, are hardly
so vicious as generally painted, and that they
should be used for the production of extracted
honey only. And if one who is not an ex-
pert in the matter of queen-rearing may be
allowed to express an opinion, I should say
that if I were iu that business I should be
willing to pay a high price for one or more
pure Cyprian queens, just for the sake of
having queen-cells produced, feeling sure
that with Cyprian bees and the right kind of
material to give them for working upon, I
could get as good cells as could possibly be
reared, and with less labor than by Doolittle
cups or any other method. C. C. Miller.

McHenry Co., IU.

somewhat readily decided by watching to see
how much attention is given to the plant by
the bees. If the bees are seen to be in num-
bers upon any plant at a time when they are
storing, it is safe to say that such a plant is a
good honey-plant, for the bees are too good
economists to waste their time upon some-
thing that yields no returns.

At a time of scarcity, bees may be seen
working upon plants which are of little
account, because that is better than nothing.
That does not prove the value of the plant;
the question is. Do they visit the plant in
numbers when they are getting plenty of
nectar? Neither is it a proof that a plant is
without value because no bees are seen upon
it in a time of plenty. It only proves that for
the time some other plant gives more satis-
factory returns. With these principles in
mind, any bee-keeper ought to be able to
decide without much trouble whether any
plant is a good honey-plant /or Iiini.

It may be further said that such an answer,
determined by the bee-keeper himself, is more
reliable than an answer sent out from the
office of any publication, because what is a
good honey-plant in one place may not be
such in another. Goldenrod, for example. In
some localities it is esteemed as a honey-plant ;
in others it is worthless.

Identification of Plants

Now and again some one finds a plant with
which he is not familiar, wonders whether it
may not be a honey-plant, and sends it to
this office for identification. Usually it is
hardly a matter of sufficient general interest
to occupy space with a reply. The reader is
not interested to know that a plant of which
he has never before heard, and which he may
never see, is not a honey-plant. If it were a
good honey-plant, the matter ought to be

Poisonous Honey

The following interesting clipping, copied <
from the London Lancet, has been sent in by
Leo. F. Hanegan :

Poisoning by honey has been known since
the days of Xenophon, when it seems to have
been fairly common, and has been observed
in various parts of the world — Germany,
Switzerland, North and South America, India .
and New Zealand. In the New Zealand Medi-
cal Journal for April, Dr. E. D. Aubin has
published an important paper on cases of
poisoning due to wild honey, which were
observed most frequently in Maoris. As the
poison evidently is derived from plants visited
by the bees, its nature varies In different
countries, and so do the symptoms. In New
Zealand only wild honey appears to cause
poisoning. The symptoms usually followed
ingestion of the honey in less than an hour.

Three modes of onset were observed, which
Dr. Aubiu lerms, respectively, gastric, ner-
vous and cerebral.

In the gastric form giddiness and nausea
are followed by severe and persistent vomit-
ing, whiLli may last on and off for two days.
There is usually some abdominal pain, but
this is noi, as a rule, a prominent symptom.
The mouth feels dry and glazed. Apparently
no irritant action is exerted on the bowels, for
diarrhea n us never observed.

614

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 31, 1905

In the second mode of onset Dr. Aubin
attributes the symptoms to irritation of the
peripheral nerves, which is indicated by ten-
derness in the muscles; pains, chiefly of a
burning character, in the muscles of the arms,
the lege, the back, and the abdomen ; itching
and a feeling of "pins and needles," or numb-
ness in the arms and the legs. Such symp-
toms are observed in early stages of periph-
eral neuritis and in poisoning by muscles.

In the third mode of onset cerebral symp-
toms occur. For example, a Maori who had
partalien largely of honey suddenly dropped
down in a fit. He became unconscious, and
fits recurred at intervals.

Delirium may be the first symptom. In
severe cases, as a rule, the gastric, nervous
and cerebral symptoms are combined, one set
of symptoms predominating. The character-
istic symptom of poisoning by honey as ob-
served in New Zealand is the epileptiform fit.
This, as stated, may mark the onset or may
not occur for an hour or more. It differs in
no way from an ordinary epileptic fit, and
may be preceded by a cry. The head is
jerked to one side with conjugate deviation
of the eyes and tonic and clonic spasms occur.
Cyanosis and frothing at the mouth are pres-
ent, and the tongue may be bitten badly.
After the fit the patient may be quiet and may
sleep, or may lie restless and delirious. In
severe cases the patient is undonscioua be-
tween the fits, which usually recur several
times. In some cases the convulsions may
be more or less continuous, and may result
in death. The fits generally cease in less than
24 hours. Slight vaso-motor phenomena are
usually present, the face and the skin gen-
erally feeling hot and swollen. Urticaria was
never observed. The duration of the illness
is from a few hours to two days, though ner-
vous symptoms are sometimes complained of
for a considerable time afterward.

In fatal cases death usually occurs within
24 hours. The symptoms, no doubt, are due
to a poison in the honey, probably of the
nature of an alkaloid which affects chieflj', if
not wholly, the nervous system. The gastric
symptoms. Dr. Aubin thinks, are of cerebral
origin — a view which is supported by the ab-
sence of signs of intestinal irritation. We
may add that in other countries such signs
have been observed.

After reading the foregoing one might be
inclined to think that poisonous honey is so
common that the safe thing would be to let
all honey entirely alone. As a matter of fact,
poisoning by honey is such a rare thing that
probably not one reader in a hundred of this
Journal ever knew of such a thing happening
In his own neighborhood. Even so dignified
a publication as the London Lancet may be a

little astray as to its facts when it treads upon
unknown ground, and may wander still
further astray in making deductions. Note
the statement, " In New Zealand only wild
honey appears to cause poisoning." That
may be accepted as straight goods among the
medical fraternity, but hardly among bee-
keepers. What difference can there be be-
tween wild and tame honey? Will a colony
of bees in a hollow tree work upon flowers at
all different from those visited by the bees of
an apiary in the same vicinity? If so palpa-
ble an error can occur upon one point, why
may not other errors occur?

Those soldiers of Xenophon are paraded
whenever poisonous honey is spoken of; if
poisoning by honey is such a common thing,
why not let the soldiers of X. rest quietly in
their graves and trot out a fresh poison squad?

National Association Nominations

Secretary Hutchinson has given this notice
on nomination of candidates :

All members of the National are requested
to send their votes on a postal card, or by
letter, to N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.,
thereby expressing their choice of candidates
to succeed each of the above-mentioned offi-
cers. Votes must reach Mr. France by Sept.
20. The two men receiving the highest num-
ber of votes for each respective office will be
considered the candidates to be voted for at
the annual election in November.

" The above mentioned officers " referred to
in the foregoing are these :

President, Jas. U. Harris; Vice-President,
C. P. Dadant; Secretary, W. Z. Hutchinson;
General Manager and Treasurer, N. E. France ;
Directors, J. M. Hambaugh, C. A. Hatch and
Dr. C. C. Miller.

Among others, Mr. Hutchinson suggests C.
P. Dadant, of Illinois, for President; Jas. A.
Green, of Colorado, for Secretary, and Frank
Rauchf uss, of Colorado, for General Manager.

They are all right. While we might also
present a full " slate," as Mr. H. has done in
the Review, we refrain from doing so, as we
have been foolishly accused of wanting to
"run'' the National Association. We are
only an humble private in the ranks, and are
quite content to have others " run " the Na-
tional Association.

r

VTiiscMancons Hctps 3tems

=\

V

=/

The Western Bee Journal has been |
sold to Orchard and Farm, a monthly pub-
lished at San Francisco, and will henceforth
be published as an apiarian department of
that publication, with Mr. Adelsbaoh as edi-
tor.— Bee-Keepers' Review.

Lake Geneva Alidsummer Pair. —

The success of the first Midsummer Fair held
at Lake (ieneva last year was so great that
another was held July 14 and 15 of this year.
The prime object last year was to raise money
for the Fresh Air Association, but the Fair it-
self became a matter of such importance that
it almost supplanted the first aim. It was
again held on the beautiful, shaded grounds
of the late L. '/.. Leiter, which are not only
spacious but splendidly adapted for the pur-
pose, extending to the edge of the lovely Lake

which is surrounded bv the summer homes of
many wealthy Chicagoans. These latter were
the principal exhibitors in many of the de-
partments of the Fair, The net proceeds of
the Fair held last year were something over
$4,000. It was our privilege to be present as
judge of the apiarian exhibits both years.
We show this week a picture of the bee and
honey exhibits made this year. Those win-
ning the premium ribbons are as follows:

One or more cases section comb honey, not
less than 34 sections — 1st, or blue ribbon, Mrs.
Henry Buell ; 2d, or red ribbon, S. C. Ford.

Extracted honey, not less than 10 pounds-
blue. Miss E. Rumsey; red.Wm. M. Whitney.

Beeswax, not less than 5 pounds — blue, Mrs.
Buell; red, Mr. Whitney.

Best exhibit of vinegar made of honey-
blue, Mr. Whitney.

One or more cages of Italiaa queens — blue,
Mr. Whitney.

One-frame nucleus, ^banded Italian bees.

with their queen— blue, Mr. Whitney; red.
Miss Rumsey.
Best general exhibit — blue, Mr. Whitney.

Miss Emily A. Hatch was the superintend-
ent of the apiarian department and took great
interest in it. She has 8 colonies of bees, and
is getting along nicely with them. The Fair
was well attended, and the exhibits in all de-
partments were very interesting and instruc-
tive.

The Kansas State Fair is to be held

at Hutchinson, Sept. 18 to 23, inclusive. J.
J. Measer, of the same city, is the superin-
tendent of the Apiary Department. The pre-
miums offered on bees, honey, etc., are as
follows, and should call out a good display :

1st 2d 3d

Case of alfalfa comb honey $ .'i $3 ¥2

Case of amber comb honey 5 3 2

Display of comb honey 10 5 3

Display of extracted honey 5 3 2

Frame of white comb honey for ex-
tracting 4 3 1

Frame of amber comb honey for ex-
tracting 4 3 1

Best 5 pounds beeswax 5 3 2

Display of beeswax 10 5 3

One-frame observation glass hive ... 5 3 2
One-frame 2-story observation glass

hive 5 3 2

Display in design of beeswax 5 3 2

Home-made hives, complete 5 3 3

Best display of bee-keepers' supplies 10 5 3

Best arranged apiarian display 10 5 3

Best display of honey-cakes 3 2 1

Best display of pies sweetened with

honey 'S 2 1

Best display plain pickles in honey-
vinegar 3 3 1

Best display of sweet pickles put up

with honey and honey-vinegar 3 3 1

Best display of varieties of uses for

honey 5 3 2

Grand sweepstakes, largest and most
attractive exhibit 10 5 3

The Apiary of J. J. Measer— or a part
of it — is shown on the first page. Mr. M.
wrote us as follows when sending the picture ;

I send you a photograph of a part of my
apiary, taken the forepart of July, and show-
ing the condition of the bees at that time. We
have had no honey coming in up to date,
scarcely enough to do the bees for food. Col-
onies are strong in bees but no bloom to work
on, so the bees are loafing on the hives. The
web-worm has taken all the bloom from the
first and second crops of alfalfa and all wild
flowers. During the past 3 or 4 days there
has been some work done, as the third crop of
alfalfa is now coming into bloom. I think
there will be but very little section honey
gathered in this part of Kansas this year —
probably some from late wild flowers.

Reno Co., Kan., July 1". J. J. Measer.

To Foreign Subscribers. — We wish to
repeat a notice that we have given several
times before. It is this: None of our special
offers made in the American Bee Journal, or
anywhere else, apply to foreign subscribers.
So whenever we receive a foreign order with
remittance we always apply it all on sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal. If
our foreign readers would think about it a
little, they would quickly see that our special
offers would not apply to them, on account
of the extra postage to foreign countries.
Also, we do not export any queens, except to
Canada.

RIaeterlinck's " Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, $1.40; or with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year — both for $2.00, as long as the
books last. It is a cloth-bound book, and has
437 pages.

Aug. 31, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

615

WM. M. WHITNEY

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=/

The subject of this sketch is one of the old-
est aDd most earaest readers of the American
Bee Journal. At present he resides in Wal-
worth Co., Wis. His life has been a very
busy one from his youth, being obliged to
make his own way — which isn't the worst
thing that can happen to a boy — at about the
age of 15. His father owned a farm of mod-
erate size, and reared a large family — 9 chil-
dren—which was no easy task. How his
father and mother endured the hardships at-
tendant on making a home in the midst of a
primeval forest as they did, is more than he
can understand.

Mr. Whitney was born on a farm in the
town of Ontario, Wayne Co., N. Y., Sept. 23,
1828 ; passed through the various vicissitudes
attendant upon child-life — chicken-pox,
mumps, measles, whooping-cough, scarlet-
fever, etc., to say nothing of the ague and
chill fever. He survived them all, through
the faithful care given him by his mother and
father. He attended the common school win-
ters and summers till about 13, when farm-
work was followed during the summer-time.

At the age of 1.5 he went away from home i
miles in the winter to school at West Wal-
worth Academy, and from there to Macedon,
which was an institution of higher grade. He
spent several terms at the last institution — in
fact, finished his school-days there. He

taught school from the time he was 18, more
or less, for 10 years; clerked in a dry goods
store in Palmyra for a time, and a year in a
book-store in Watertown, N. Y.

WM. M. WHITNEY

He married the eldest daughter of Nelson
Clark, a farmer of Le Roy, N. Y., at the age of
33. He moved to Illinois in the spring of 1858,
and engaged in mercantile business with a
cousin of his wife; elected clerk of the Circuit

Court of the County of Du Page, 111., in 1860,
and held the office 8 years, and was ex-offlcio
recorder during the same time.

In 18I1S he formed a partnership with Isaac
Clatliu in real estate and loans ; was elected
to the 37th General Assembly in 1870, which
had the remodeling of the statutes to conform
to the new constitution that had been passed
in 1869, holding 4 sessions in the 2 years ;
elected member of the State Board of Equali-
zation of Taxes in 1872 for 4 years, represent-
ing the first Congressional district; in the
Revenue Collector's office in Chicago for a
short time, and in 1879 went to the Illinois
Eastern Hospital for the Insane at the head
of the business department, which position he
held for 8 years. Since that time Mr. W. has
not been engaged in any important business.
He was burned out in the Chicago fire of 1871,
that is, all his valuable papers — books, mort-
gages, notes, abstracts, etc. — entailing a loss
of several thousand dollars.

Mr. Whitney's family consisted of his wife
and 7 children — 6 daughters and one son — of
whom only 3 daughters are left. He took up
bee-keeping as a pastime, as he had been very
much out of health from over-work, anxiety
and care. He has found the occupation most
pleasant and instructive. His only regret is
that he did not commence the study and care
of the honev-bee in his younger days.

Mr. Whitney's 3 daughters married physi-
cians, and one daughter is now a practicing
physician. While clerk of the circuit court he
studied law, and was admitted to the bar by
the supreme court, but never practiced the
profession.

The picture shown herewith is one taken
several years ago, but is a good likeness of
Mr. Whitney, we think. He now has some
60 colonies of bees, and has always been very
successful as a bee-keeper.

-V (Eontrtbutcb -f
J Special Clrticles

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Something Interesting About Bee-Stings

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

While at work in the apiary a few days ago, a bee-
keeper of a few years' experience came in, and at about the
same time a bee stung me on the hand, when, with a quick
motion, the sting was rubbed out of the hand by striking the
hand on my pants, with an upward drawing motion, thus
getting the sting out so quickly that very little poison entered
the wound. This part of getting the sting out was lost to my
visitor through his curiosity regarding whether the bee would
soon die from the effect of losing its sting. He was sure that
every bee which stung a person or anything else, so that it
lost its sting, must of necessity soon die, and said that he
had been told by an old bee-keeper that such was the case.

At aliout this time the bee returned to another attack on
both him and me, the white, thread-like substance where
it had parted from the sting showing that this bee, which was
so intent on stingiug us (if it could), was the self-same bee
which had stung me only a few moments before. I called
his attention to the matter of this being the same bee, and
told him that it did not look as if the bee was just ready
to die from losing its sting, by the way it was still trying to
sting us. He said that did look a little strange, but he still
seemed to be sure that the bee would soon die.

Up to within the past lo or is years most persons believed
as did my visitor, arguing that in leaving the sting, as the
honey-bee nearly always does in stinging an animal, a part
of the intestines was left with the sting — poison sac, etc. — ■
which would surely cause the bee to die. This seemed so
reasonable that for many years I believed that this prevailing
idea was true, till one day after a bee had stung me, leaving
its sting, it came to the attack again and again, with all the
fury and vengeance possible for a bee to work itself up to,
getting in my hair and singing away as only an angry bee

can s ing, which will make the cold chills run up and down
the back of any but the most hardened individual.

As this bee apparently had no thought of dying, it was
caught and caged with three or four others and kept a week
or so to see what would become of the matter. At the end
of the week it was apparently just as lively and healthy as
any of the rest, when all the bees were set at liberty.

At another time, in putting up queens to send away, in
catching the escort bees which were to go with the queen,
one of them stung me on the end of the finger, leaving its
sting, when it immediately ran into the cage. As I did not
wish to remove all the bees and q\ieen to get it out I let it go,
soon after which the thought came to me that here would
be a chance to test the theory of the death of the bee from
losing its sting, as this queen was going a journey which would
take eight or ten days.

Accordingly I wrote to the person to whom they were
sent, telling him all about the matter and asking him to take
notice particularly when the queen arrived and see if there
were any dead bees in the cage. In due time he replied that
the queen arrived in splendid shape, and that there was not
a single dead bee in the cage.

Several times since then I have tried similar ways to
see if such bees as had lost their stings were in any way
inconvenienced thereby, and as far as I can tell by means
of confining them so as to know that I have the same bee, I
can see no difference between such bees and those which
have their stings, as to length of life. Whether they gather
honey or not, or whether they are allowed to live in the hive
without their weapon of defense is something which would be
next to, if not quite, impossible to tell, for in this case we
have no means of keeping track of an individual bee.

As bees are not tolerated in the hive, which are in any
way imperfect, it might not be unreasonable to suppose that
the' perfect ones might drive off such an one which had lost
its sting, as being incapable of defense were the hive attacked.

That it was not the design of nature that the bees should
always lose their stings when defending their hives is manifest
where bees repel robbers to the extent of hundreds and thou-
sands of slaughtered, when in such cases not one bee in one
thousand loses its sting, but keeps it so that it can slaughter
bee after bee till the attacking iiarty is repelled, or they lose
their lives in the combat. .At times they do lose their stings
in other bees, but not often.

Before closing I wish to say a word about getting the
sting out of the flesh as soon as possible. We have been told

616

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 31, 1905

not to pick tlie sting out with the thumb and fingers, for in
so doing the poison from the sac, attached to the sting, would
be squeezed into the wound ; but by using a knife or something
of that kind the sting could be gotten out without injecting
the poison into the flesh. This sounds pretty, but my experi-
ence is that while you are. working to get the knife, the con-
traction of the poison-sac would pump in far more poison than
the squeezing would do. The knife is better, if you have it
at hand at the instant wanted; but if not, don't wait. Get
the sting out at once in some way.

My \vay is to rub it out by a drawing motion against the
clothing, if on the hands, and by a sliding motion of the hand
against the sting when on any other part of the body; and
if you are quick enough in these motions, the sting can be
generally gotten out so quickly that very little pain will be
felt. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Work in the Apiary for September

BY C. P. DADANT

The honey harvest ends this month. Those who produce
extracted honey must expect to extract all the crop before
the end of the month. If the honey is thick and ripe shortly
after it is harvested, as is usually the case with Spanish-needle
honey, it is not necessary to wait until the last of the crop,
which generally ends with the first frost, to harvest the honey.
If the hives have two or more supers, all may be taken except
those that are entirely unsealed and show evidence of being
freshly harvested. If we have only a few combs left on the
hives, at the end of the crop, the work of finishing the ex-
tracting will be short and but little chance will be given for
robbing. We usually leave the empty extracting combs on
the hives until October, as the bees protect them against the
moths during the last warm days, better than we could do
it ourselves.

The producer of comb honey must remove all sealed sec-
tions as fast as possible after they are finished to avoid the
travel-stains by the bees. The fall blossoms and their yellow
pollen cause the bees to produce and spread over the combs a
quantity of coloring pigments which darken the white combs
promptly. Honey that is removed as soon as sealed will show
much whiter, even if it is of a deep color, if it is taken off
before the bees have had time to stain the white cappings, for
beeswax is always white when first produced.

Of course, supers left on until October will be still more
stained, by the addition of traces of propolis all over the
combs, for just as soon as the harvest ends the bees begin
to prepare for cold weather by daubing the inside of the hive
with propolis and filling all the crevices with this sticky sub-
stance. Some localities are much worse for this production
of propolis than others. Trees of lowlands, willows, poplars
cottonwoods, etc., furnish an abundance of this which the bees'
seem to enjoy crowding into nooks and corners.

Towards the last of the crop the bees would best be
crowded a little for room, for if too much space is given they
will be building additional new combs and scattering their
honey while it is best to have all the cells finished and
sealed if possible. Ihere is no longer any danger of swarming
by narrowing the available space to the minimum, in each
hive, and we make sure of much better results, securing more
finished sections.

Likewise, if we are producing extracted honey, we will
find It well to crowd the bees a little for space, so they may
be compelled to put enough honey for winter in the brood-
combs. Colonies that have bred plentifully and spread throucrh
three or four supers are likely to find themselves with tSo
little honey in the brood-chamber for winter if we do not
conipel them to place some there. However, I would not wish
to be understood as giving this as a rule. In coo! seasons
pure Jtahan bees will, on the contrary, crowd their brood-
chamber too much, but hybrids or black bees are prone to
scatter their crop, and tliis matter must be watched before the
end of the harvest so as to compel them to fill tlieir brood-
combs sufficiently for winter. If too much honey has been
placed m the brood-combs, it is advisable to extract only that
which is unsealed, for unsealed honey is not very good for
\yinter, as it is apt to become watery much more readily than
that which is sealed.

The month of September is also quite suitable for the
rep acing of queens tliat are too old or that have proven un-
prohfic. At this tinu queens may be purchased at lowest
prices, because breeiUis rear them more easily and more

cheaply during the summer months than in the spring. We
have also had good opportunities to become acquainted with
the prolificness, or lack of prolificness, of different colonies,
and can take the same opportunity of replacing the queens
that are becoming too old and are losing. But I would warn
the novice to be very careful, for queens that have lost their
fecundity are often replaced by the bees themselves before we
are aware of it, and we run the risk of destroying a young
queen when we are thinking of replacing the old one. The
longer I keep bees, the less profitable I think the custom of
replacing queens that are supposed to have reached the term
of their usefulness.

Small colonies, made by division, late swarms, etc., can
be helped very materially during this month by supplying them
with an occasional comb of sealed brood and honey. A weak
colony, helped twice — two weeks apart — with a comb of brood
each time, will often make a good colony for winter, and the
powerful colony from which this help has been taken will
hardly feel it. Hancock Co.. 111.

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(£onr>entton
Proccebtngs

J

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Coatiaaed from pa^e 601. J

CASH FOR PROOF OF ADULTERATED COMB HONEI

Mr. Becker — It is a fact that there are many people who
believe that there is adulteration both in comb and extracted
honey. I sell honey right here in Chicago, I have bought
it from Mr. York and from Mr. Dadant. I ship honey to
Chicago. They wouldn't under any consideration buy the
honey here in Chicago and believe that it actually was pure
honey. They have told me so, time and again. I have tested
the honey to-day that I shipped here ten years ago, and which
has been kept in an open jar. I told them that the honey
was too strong. They thought it was delicious. It was pure
honey. A few years ago we brought in honey and I told
some of the parties here that I would guarantee they would
get pure honey here in Chicago, and I told them where to
get it. They got some of it. They said, "Oh, that was not
pure honey ; that was not honey like you sent me." But it
was pure. We all know that there is no adulteration in comb
honey, but when it comes to extracted honey of course there
is sometimes adulteration. There are so many varieties of
honey : there is basswood, white clover, alfalfa, Spanish-
needle, heartsease, and other varieties of honey, and one
does not taste or look like the other, especially sweet clover
and basswood. You give them some of your honey and they
have been used to white clover or alfalfa, and they just de-
clare up and down, and you cannot make them believe that
it is not adulterated honey. I have sold honey in Springfield
for the last 20 years, and one traveler there accused me
two weeks ago of having a monopoly because he couldn't
sell any. I told him I was glad that I had the monopoly,
if I had it. But the only way I got that monopoly was by
selling them an article that I stood behind. I said, "If this
honey isn't pure, and if anybody does not like it, don't argue
with them, but tell them to bring it back and give them their
money back ; it is my honey and I will take it off your hands,"
And to-day should I go to Springfield I am asked no ques-
tions as to its purity. I simply ask, "Do you need any
honey?" And they say, "Yes, two, three or four dozen, and
as high as a gross." I never buy on the Chicago market.
I don't send any honey here. I am right the other way :
I take it from Chicago and sell it at other places ; and I
sell it at home, and I will stand behind my honey, and
never sell anything but what I know is pure, genuine honey.
If you all do the same thing I think you will have no trouble
in selling your honey.

Mr. Dadant — I wish to insist on the necessity of our
explaining the comb-honey story wherever we can. We must
do it. I have a better opportunity perhaps than any one
else of finding out whit the general public thinks of the
comb-honey story. When I travel I come across business

Aug. 31, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURJMAL

617

men and we get into conversation. The first thing we ask
one another is, "What is your business?" I say, "I have a
little factory out here in the country." "What do you make?"
"I make comb foundation." "What is that?" "Did you ever
hear about comb honey being manufactured?" "Oh yes."
" Well, there isn't any such thing, I make the nearest to
comb that can be done." "Is that so?" Then comes tlie
explanation. If I have a sample I show him and he is
absolutely convinced there is no Comb honey manufactured.
But when I first meet him, if he knows anything about it lie
knows comb honey is manufactured and sold ! I find very
few people that do not believe it until it is explained to them.
When I tell them, I know they believe me because there is
no reason for me to tell them a story and they understand
how the story was gotten up. But this extends to you ; it
is absolutely necessary to make this matter known widely
because there are millions of people who have read that story
and believe it simply because they have never been told
better.

Mr. Smith — I want to say I have convinced some parties
by exhibiting some of the thin foundation and explaining
why it was used and how it was used, and that was all
there was to it. It dawned on their minds finally that I
was right. I think the more we do that, and the more we
can explain this thing and talk it the better, because it is
the fact, and it is easily demonstrated when we have the
evidence, that is, the foundation, and show the people that
that is all there is to it. I am like Mr. Becker, I believe
in every bee-keeper standing by his honey.

Pres. York — Before Mr. Smith spoke I was wondering
whether it would not be a good idea for every bee-keeper
to carry a little piece of comb foundation ; and I am going to
suggest that comb foundation manufacturers get up a little
pocket-holder with a piece of foundation in it, and give it to
all the bee-keepers. I think it would be a good advertise-
ment for them.

Mr. Abbott — If these comb-foundation men would find
out when the Traveling Men's Association meets, and send
some of this comb foundation there they would do more
towards counteracting this than anything I know of. The
traveling men who travel for wholesale houses do more to
keep this story alive than any class of men in existence. I
never met a traveling man in my life, who was not a bee-
keeper, that did not think that comb honey could be manu-
factured. He wouldn't believe it at all when I came to talk
to him. Every once in a while I meet one who wants to
bet money on it. I met one in the streets of St. Louis one
day, and he said when I told him it was not manufactured,
"You are crazy. I know right where the man is ; he is down
the street here not more than four blocks away, and he was
talking to a man that knew well." I put my hand on the
man's shoulder, and said, "Am I responsible for $500?" He
said, "I think you are." I said, "My dear sir, come on down
the street with me and I will give you $500 in clean cash'
if you show me that man." He stopped and looked at me.
He said, "I am awfully busy." I said, "Can you make $500
in a day, or an hour? Come on with me. I want you either
to stop this story or else go and show the goods." He said.
I didn't see it, but I saw a fellow that said he saw it."
[Laughter.] That is all there was to it; but they keep send-
ing it around.

Mr. Becker — The general public confuse foundation with
honey-comb. They are all well aware that there are fac-
tories that manufacture comb foundation, but they call it
''honey-comb." In that way the general public get the wrong
idea, and they think it is the genuine honey-comb. Instead
of that the word "foundation" should be used, and. as has
been suggested, they should be shown a sample so that they
understand just what it is. But it is commonly known as
honey-comb, and that is the reason I believe the general
public has that impression.

Mr. Pease — A few months ago I placed some cases of
honey with a firm here in Chicago. At the time I did this
one of the gentlemen said, "I want you to tell me something
that I can tell the enquiring public about this artificial honey-
comb story." I said, "I will not take time to do it now,
but I will come in tomorrow and explain that to you." The
next day I went down and took with me a section with a
full sheet of foundation that was partially drawn out — drawn
out more at the top than at the bottom ; I used the extra-
thin foundation and the bottom had not been drawn out at
all. I went on to explain to him the process by which this
foundation was used, and hnw it was made, and that that
was the extent of this artificial honey-comb. I left a sec

tion containing this partly-drawn foundation with him. Sev-
eral weeks after that I went into the store and asked him
about his honey, and spoke of this sheet of foundation that
I had left with him; and he said he had experienced more
satisfaction in using that to explain to the public exactly
what comb foundation was, and what artificial honey-comb
was, than anything else he had ever seen. I simply offer this
as a suggestion. I believe whenever you place a consign-
ment of honey with a firm, especially a retail firm, if you
will take the pains to place with them a sample of foundation
or a section containing the foundation, or partly drawn foun-
dation, you will take a long step in educating the public as
to what this artificial honey-comb is.

Mr. Wheeler— I always seem to have to differ from the
public. I differ a little on this question of foundation, and
I have had considerable experience in selling honey. I have
explained foundation to the public, and I have had them
go to their friends the next day and tell them, "Why, Wheeler
had some manufactured honey there ;" and they confused the
foundation with the comb, time and again. I have had that
happen. They say, "He buys comb and puts it into the
hives." One or two years 1 went to the County Fair and
explained foundation to the folks. I had that thrown back
at me so many times that I made up my mind I never would
speak of foundation at all unless people asked me if I used it.
Of course I don't deny using it. But this explaining to the
public that you put in a sheet of beeswax — they can't tell
whether there is a "sell" there or not, and the trouble is
you know how a story goes; they will repeat the thing to
their friends, and put an addition to it, and the first thing
you know it will come around that you really furnish the
bees with comb.

Dr. Miller— "A little learning is a dangerous thing."
The trouble in Mr. Wheeler's case is that he doesn't go on
and educate them far enough, and keep right after them, and
they will come finally to know enough. He gives them just
a little sight of that, and they put a whole lot more to it.
He should follow that up and show them it is not so. Get
after them after they have heard the wrong thing. I do
believe enlightenment on the subject will finally bring the
public to the right place. I am just half German blood in
me and sometimes it gets me into trouble. Mr. York sug-
gested a thing that I had in mind, and by some sort of
telepathy he got hold of it and told you to carry around
foundation. That was a thing I had been thinking of be-
fore, and if he had just waited a little while I would have
said that. I believe there is wisdom in it. I have thought
after this I will try to have a piece of foundation in my
pocket. I don't doubt at all that these foundation makers
will approve of that, for we will "draw out" a good deal
of foundation in that way !

Mr. Whitney— I would like to make another suggestion
in regard to advertising this matter. If we would all write
a short article on this subject to our local editor: there is
no individual here but can do that in his own locality and
publish the facts in regard to this foundation business, this
comb-honey business, and this extracted-honey adulteration.
By doing that we will do a great deal more than we can do
in any other way personally. The editor of our paper at
home has been importuning me to write a series of short
articles for his paper, and I have partly promised to do it
on that very subject, and touching upon bee-keeping generally
—all the little things and facts about it. I think if we will
all do that in our local papers we will do more to correct
this impression that has gone abroad than we can do in any
other way, and do it easily, too.

Mr. Meredith — Some three hundred car-loads of excur-
sionists visited our Park the past season where I had an
exhibit of bees, extracted wax, a press, and utensils used for
the production of honey. Among those were comb founda-
tion partly drawn out, finished and capped, and in almost
every manner, and it was very interesting to the people as
they had never seen the way extracted and comb honey was
produced, in looking over and seeing how the foundation had
been extended. And also I had a number of pieces of foun-
dation coiled up in the shape of wax, and I used them for
the purpose of selling, selling it for so much, taking an or-
dinary piece of foundation and winding it around a rod and
selling that to them for beeswax. The biggest part of the
people that looked over my exhibit could see what was con-
sidered artificial comb was practically pure wax drawn out
bv the bees, and I think it had a hig iiifluence in the enlight-
enment of people in regard to this artificial comb.
(Continued ne.xt week.)

618

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 31, 1905

®ur ^^^Hccpiwi} Sisters

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Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Stings and Honey

We don't like the bee-lady who stings with
sharp words and then offers the honey of a
smile. — Chicago Record-Herald.

The Weather and Swarming

It must be nice to keep bees where there is
no "weather." Out in Colorado or Califor-
nia, it seems, they can count on sunshine day
after day, and plan their work accordingly.
Here in Northern lUinoiE the weather must
always be taken into account. No matter
how pressing the work may be, there may
come a day— yes, 3 or 3 days of wet, cool
weather, when in all decency no one should
go near the bees. If the work of the bees
would stop when the work of the bee-keeper
is stopped by the weather it would be less
matter. To be sure, their work afield stops
their storing, but their troublesome work at
building queen-cells goes right on, rain or
shine. That's where the natural-swarming
bee-keepers have the advantage.

Inconsistent as bees are in considering the
convenience of the bee-keeper, they do have
enough consistency to put off swarming when
the weather is not appropriate. At least that
is true as to prime swarms, and it isn't so hard
to prevent afterswarms. But then, if swarm-
ing is allowed, either natural or shaken, it
" cuts in " on the honey crop.

The Sister Bee-Keeper

A prominent writer in the British Bee Jour-
nal, D. M. Macdonald, quotes in a compli-
mentary manner from the letter in this de-
partment by Mrs. Honaker, on bee-keeping
for women, and adds;

" I should like to see our ladies figure out
more prominently than they do. We have it
on the high authority of our Junior Editor
that they make excellent manipulators, and I
believe some of the best ' passes ' he ever re-
corded in his examinations were given to sis-
ters in the craft."

A Summer Drink

Put 1}.4 ounces of bruised ginger into a pan.
Add 3 quarts of water for half an hour, then
add 31. gallons of water, 2 desertspoonfuls of
lemon-juice, 2 ounces of honey, and 2h:
pounds of sugar. Mix and strain and when
quite cold add half a beaten egg and one tea-
spoonful of lemon extract. Allow to remain
4 days, then bottle.— National Daily Review.

Honey-Cake

Half cup butter, '.1 cup sugar K cup honey
one pint of flour, o'ne teaspoonful of yeast
powder, two eggs and one teaspoonful cara-
way seeds. Mix honey and sugar, add the
butter melted, the eggs well beaten, the flour
sifted with the yeast powder and seeds. Mix
into a smooth batter and bake in a fairly hot
oven 35 minutes.— Chicago Record-Herald.

Building Queen-Cells

I trust that I am privileged to ask a ques-
tion, although I am not a " sister," and if you
will enlighten me a little on a certain point
through the columns of the American Bee
Journal, the courtesy will be appreciated.

You say (page 424) that no such thing hap-
pens as "destroying the partitions" when
a queen-cell is commenced. In case the

queen-cell is started right among worker-cells
I do not understand how there can be found
a " cell which needs no enlarging." Kindly
explain.

This is written in no controversal spirit. I
have kept a few bees 3 years and have not yet
seen a queen-cell in my own hives.

I read your articles with pleasure and profit
each week. J. A. Smith.

Hartford Co., Conn.

Two kinds of queen-cells must be recog-
nized : pre-constructed and post-constructed.
When a colony contemplates swarming, or su-
perseding its queen, the queen-cells started
are cups having a diameter of about ^3 of an
inch. These are called pre-constructed be-
cause the queen-cells are prepared as such be-
fore there is any egg in them. When a colony
becomes queenless by any means, the work-
ers select a worker-cell containing a young
larva (very rarely it may contain an egg) and
change it into a queen-cell, which is called
^)o.s<-eonstructed because made into a queen-
cell after it has an occupant.

Queens are " usually " reared in pre-con-
structed cells, " which need no enlarging,"
but when a worker-cell is turned into a queen-
cell it needs a good deal of enlarging. The
enlarging is done chiefly outside the worker-
cell proper. There is a slight enlarging of
the original worker-cell, the cell-walls seem-
ing to be crowded apart, but not to any great
extent, and not to any great depth. That de-
struction of partitions and making 3 cells
into one is all a pipe-dream, as you can easily
satisfy yourself by pulling off a post-con-
structed cell, when you will find the worker-
cell still there, with its original walls intact.

Now to your question: You want it ex-
plained how, when a queen-cell is started
right among worker-cells, there can be found
a cell which needs no enlarging. No such
cell can be found. But pre-constructed cells
are not found in such a place. They are found
on the edges of combs, or where some ine-
quality occurs in the central parts of combs.
It by any means the bees could be forced to
start a pre-constructed cell " right among the
worker-cells," it would be built outside those
cells without doubt, and thus would need no
enlarging. Post-constructed cells, however,
may be found right among worker-cells, and
these must be enlarged, as already explained.
The answer to the puzzle, therefore, is that
queens are " usually " reared in pre-construc-
ted cells which need no enlarging, but pre-
constructed cells are not found right among
the worker-cells.

/T

\^

lTli\ Qasty s (Iftertl^ougl^ts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio,

"^

J

BOTTOM-STARTERS- LOCK-CORNEK UP OR

DOWN

No, Dr. Miller, I don't use bottom starters,
although I confess the advantages they se-
cure. Bottom starters call for a big piece of
foundation above, and I use only small start-
ers. Two knife-edges of comb built past each
other instead of being joined— and the sec-
tion spoiled — would occur pretty often with a
narrow strip at both top and bottom, I think.
But then, I have'nt tried it to any great ex-
tent; and I'll be meek if you tell me you have
tried it many times, and never a spoiled sec-
tion. As to the mere look of the section
looked at from above, extremes meet, it seems,
in our two cases. You put lock down and
case it the same way. I put lock up and re-
verse it in casing. You keep it carefully right
side up lest the honey from a few unsealed
cells run out. And I— I hardly know whether
it's best to tell the lazy man's way I some-
times practice. Hist, while I just whisper it I
Leave it on the hive so long that the bees
empty all scattering unsealed cells. Page 487.

BEES ROARING OR FANNING IN THE CELLAR.

On page 489 the Northwestern folks start a
query which is not worn out yet ; but they
seem to have abandoned it rather prema-
turely. Can you tell by the sound of bees
that are roaring in the cellar whether they
are roaring because they are too warm or roar-
ing because they are too cold? On one side it
can be said that wrong temperature, or sottie
resulln vf wrony tonperature, makes them
worry, and the worrying sounds nearly the
same in both cases. On the other side it can
be said that ordcrhf fanning with wings, to
make a current of air and cool the hive, is
likely to differ perceptibly from the miscella-
neous shaking of wings and members when
they are stirring around to warm thmgs up.
How is it? I don't know. (Sentence stolen

from Herodotus') If I were driven to a

guess I might guess that bees never fan to
cool the hive till the temperature gets quite a
bit above 90°— and that a wide open hive sit-
ting in the cellar never gets so high as that.

CHILLED QUEENS- DO QDEEN3 FREEZE?

Mr. Ernest R. Root contributes an import-
ant experiment, and also an interesting ob-

servation. A dozen queens were chilled stiff
on ice, and kept so for periods from 2 hours
to 48 to see about the truth of a certain claim
that has been made. It has been claimed that
drone-layers arise by reison of chilling the
organs of egg-production — usually in the
mails. After this severe test the queens laid
all right, and no drone-layers developed.
Claim seems about busted.

The observation is one open to the most of
us at one time or another. A dead winter-
cluster is nearly spherical in form — same as a
live one. If there is honey above them (as is
the case sometimes) there is always a space —
2 inches, more or less — between the cluster
and the honey. This was contributed to help
peel the dreary old chestnut, Do bees ever
freeze in winter! Pages 489 and 490.

AN EXPERIMENT IN DROWNING BEES IN
WINTER.

I think the experience of Mr. Wilcox (when
he was in heathenish darkness) is worth a
good deal of thinking over. Wishing to "take
up " a colony he took a notion to drown the
bees instead of the usual killing of them with
sulphur smoke. (Water damages sealed
honey, and dissolves out the honey of what
cells the bees have unsealed — but he did'nt
reflect much on that. ) The hive was water-
tight and the weather was very cold— far
below zero. He turned the hive over and
illed it full of water. (Of all things!) The
day wore away and notwithstanding the fierce
cold the water didn't freeze much, and so he
left it over night. When about 24 hours had
passed there was quite a bit of ice but still
some open water showing that the heat of
honey and bees was still effective somehow
after a whole day of exposure to zero temper-
ature. Most astounding ! The fact was that
the bees were still alive down in there. But
when we know that, it is still just as astound-
ing that they could keep on furnishing the
amount of heat the above seems to call for. I
don't believe the cluster was soaked through
with water and then dried out under the
stove. It is barely possible that a very com-
pact winter cluster will repel water and not
be soaked through— but I doubt that also.
The way I imagine it was, is this : Inside the

Aug. 31, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

619

cluster every cell had a bee crawled into it;
and the rest were packed between the combs.
As the combs are much thicker than the
.spaces much more than half the bees were in
cells to start with. As the water rose all bees
not in cells moved upward before it till they
got to where there were open cells and then
crawled in. Soon all were in cells except a
negligable few too stiff to move. The conBned
air of a cell usually does a pretty good jgb at

keeping out fluid ( we find when we try to fill
combs with water or bee-feed) and with a bee
crawled into each cell the fort would be com-
pletely impregnable. That part is no wonder.
But how desperately chilly and sodden all
their little tails must have got ! Say, if it had
only atrophied their stings now, and left the
rest of the bee in working order, what a
champion colony of safety bees there would
have been ! Page -isa.

fT

'^ociox IHtllcr 5 @uc5tton=^ox

=\

\=

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Millbr, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does iwt answer Questions by mail.

Foul Brood Treatment

1. I think I have a few cases of foul brood,
and am going to try the Baldridge plan of
treatment. Is it as good as any ;

2. After the bees are all out of the diseased
hive what is the best thing to do with it?

3. Do you think it could be chilled brood
instead of foul brood? They built up good
and strong and swarmed early, hut after that
they did not do much of anything, and upon
investigating I found the combs full of dead
brood. So I took the supers off these hives
and reduced the entrance, and they seemed to
do better. In fact, I had to put supers back
on some of them. Again, looking into the
hive I find that they are very loath to remove
the dead brood, but are doing so very slowly.
No bad odor comes from the hives when they
are opened. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Carefully managed it may be.

2. Wm. McEvoy insists that the hive itself
may be used again without any disinfecting.

3. It is impossible to say whether it is foul
brood or only chilled brood. In the first
stages of foul brood the odor may not be
prominent. Read up all the literature on the
subject, especially Dr. Howard's pamphlet,
and inform yourself thoroughly about bee-
diseases. You can then decide much better
from seeing the case than any one can from
hearing about it.

Brood-Frames Full of Wax and
Pollen

There are a number of brood-frames in
some of my colonies that are nearly full of
wax or pollen, and the queen deposits her
eggs among them wherever she can find an
empty cell. Will it do to replace them with
full sheets of foundation? If so, when is the
best time to do it? Iowa.

Answer. — The cells may be filled with pol-
len (not wax), but generally there is none too
much pollen. Bees need pollen just as much
as honey. It is nothing out of the way if
the 2 outside frames are filled with pollen.
Sometimes when a colony is queenless for a
time there may be much more, but with a
good laying queen the matter generally is
righted of itself. If, however, there is some-
thing peculiar in your locality, you can re-
place a frame of pollen with one of founda-
tion, but you would better not do it much
before the honey-flow next year.

A Breacli-Llghting Smoker

I notice your answers to my questions (page
571,) and will say that .loe " gives in " that
those flaky particles are wax, but Joe wonH
''give in" an iota on the other question.
You think there is something wrong with Joe
or his smoker or his fuel, or the fire would
not go out. I don't think this is true, for I
often have no further use for the smoker dur-
ing the day, after having used it once, and
not caring to let the fire burn out and thus
exhaust the fuel in the fire-box, I slip a cork
in the noz/ile so that the Are will go out. The

I

next day when I have use for the smoke-
again, I must unload it in order to get the fir"
started in the bottom. If I could slip the
breach off would it not be much handier than
to unload it? I don't want a breach-loader,
but I do want a breach that can be slipped
off for this very reason. I had a breach-
loader smoker, and threw it away. I want a
muzzle-loader with a breach-lighting arrange-
ment. Iowa.

Answer. — Yes, I understand the case now,
and hereby apologize for the aspersions
thrown upon the smoker or the man that uses
it. What you desire is an arrangement
whereby you can light the partly consumed
fuel left in the smoker from a previous load-
ing without the trouble of emptying out the
fire-box. There ought to be no trouble, as be-
fore said, in getting a smoker of that kind
specially constructed.

Running an Apiary for Wax

I am a beginner in the bee-business, and
would like to know if it pays to run an apiary
for wax alone. I am located in a good sec-
tion for producing honey, 15 miles back from
the Coast, with a certainty of a good crop,
and am 2? miles from the city and the rail-
road. The price obtained for extracted honey
is only about 60 cents for a 5-gallon can de-
livered at Puerto Principe. Mr. Root says
that bees and honey pay in Cuba. I have an
idea that the profit must be very small.

1. Will it pay to run an apiary for wax
alone?

2. What hives, frames, etc., are best for the
purpose?

3. Will there be any advantage in using
com b foundation * Cuba.

Answers.— 1. In most places it would be
foolishness to run for wax in preference to
honey, but where honey is worth so little as
it is with you it will no doubt be well to run
for wax, and some arc doing that very thing.

2. It probably makes little difference, only
you must arrange for feeding back honey in
large quantity.

3. It will be well to use foundation to get
frames filled with worker-comb in the brood-
chamber, but certainly it will not pay to use
foundation upon which to build combs that
you are going to take for wax.

Bees Abscond With a Newly Intro-
duced Queen

A short time ago 1 introduced a fine queen
to a colony that hiul been queenless for 2
days, and when I put her into the hive they
did not act as if th.y would kill her. When
they released her 1 took the cage away. The
next Sunday I opened the hive and saw 3 or 4
bees around one bee. and I knew it was the
queen, so tried to touch her, but she ran down
between the combs 1 shut the hive and went
to the house with the strong belief that I
would have some lart;e Italian bees. But to-
day (Saturday) I looked in the hive, and
there was not a bee to be seen. All had
swarmed, leaving me 1 empty combs and no
brood. If I had known the queen would

play a trick like this on me, I think I would
have kept I he money which I paid for her. If
she comes to Chicago ship her and 4 frames
of bees back, and I will clip her wings so she
can't fly away again.

What made them swarm? They were under
an apple-tree and faced east. If the one
from whom I bought the queen would replace
the bees free of charge, I would do business
always with him only. Illinois.

Answer. — Without fuller particulars it is
not easy to say why the bees absconded. But
your saying that the bees left 4 empty combs
and no brood makes it seem that there was
little to hold the bees in the hive. In any
case, there is no likelihood that the queen
was at all at fault, and it would be very un-
reasonable to ask that she should be replaced.
Instead of the queen "playing a trick" on
your bees, it was your bees that played a
trick on the queen, or you that played a trick
on both. Under ordinary circumstances a
queen is not likely to issue with a swarm un-
til she is a year old; but I have had a queen
issue with a swarm when she was not a month
old, because I gave her to bees that were in a
swarming mood. I have also taken a queen
that had just issued with a swarm, and given
her to bees with no inclination to swarm, and
there was no swarming. So you see the
queen is not the one to blame.

Introducing Queens

I put a flne breeding queen into a small
queenless colony having only drone-brood,
placing her on a frame of hatching brood.
Can I safely give another frame with adher-
ing bees soon, or shall I shake the bees in
front of the hive to get the young bees for
help? Wisconsin.

Answer. — Don't give any but queenless
bees unless there are already in the hive 3
times as many bees as the number you add.
Or, cage the queen, then give as many bees as
you like.

Carnlolan Bees

Are all Carniolan bees dark? and are they
gentle? I had gotten the impression that
they are hustlers, and are not gentle.

Illinois.

Answer. — They are dark with whitish
bands. Some say they are exceedingly gentle;
others say they are cross. Either there is a
difference in Carniolan bees or some are called
Carnioians that are a cross between Carnio-
lans and blacks. It is difficult to distinguish
between the pure blood and the cross.

Queen Entering the Wrong Hive-
Rearing Queens

1. Some time ago I had a colony of bees
that superseded its queen, and one day I
found a virgin on one side of the frame, and
the old queen on the other side. I caged the
old queen and removed her. There were only
2 queen-cells in the hive, both had hatched,
and I thought the queens would manage that
part themselves. This colony was on the east
end in the row, and I was very much surprised
one day to be called home because the bees
were swarming. When one of those 2 virgins
mated she had gone into the hive just west of
her own, had been accepted, and had stayed
in the hive about 10 days (and had been lay-
ing) before they swarmed out with the old
queen.

2. Early this summer I thought I would try
to rear some Italian queens, so I made some
queen-nursery cages of whitewood boards ~C-
inch thick and 2x2 inches square, with a 1-
inch hole in the center, and on one side I
bored a ^-inch and a }^-inch hole, one for the
queen-cells and the smaller for queen-candy.
When the queen-cells were sealed I cut out
the large ones and put them in the nursery,
placing the nursery in a holding frame in the
center of a very strong 1-story colony. Only
about 4 out of a dozen queen-cells hatched,
and the queens wer« weak and had no wings,
otherwise they were large. Had they been

620

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug. 31, 1905

chilled, or wasn't the nursery made right?
The nursery was covered on the sides with
wire-netting, and a tin cap where the queen-
cell and candy were. Would you advise me
to try them again? If so, howl

Indiana.

Answers.— 1. The usual thing, when two
virgins hatch in the same hive, is for one to
kill the other, and I hardly see how you can
be sure that did not happen in your case. Is
it not possible that the colony that swarmed
reared a virgin queen itself? Still, it is true
that not infrequently young queens enter the
wrong hive.

2. Yes, you should try again ; there is no
reason why you should not succeed as well
as others. It is possible that the cells were
not ripe enough. It is better not to cage cells
till they are within a day or so of having the
virgins emerge. Your cages were not of the
best liind. Being ," „ thick, the bees might not
get near enough to the cells, especially as one
side was wood. You will do better probably
with the common Miller introducing cage that
you will find mentioned in all catalogs, or you
may like the improved Miller cage described
in "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 347.

Keports anb
(Experiences

Dealing With Laying Workers

I note that bee-keepers are still troubled to
know how to deal with that pest of the hive,
the laying worker, uniting with another col-
ony having a fertile queen being the only rem-
edy I have seen proposed.

I have a remedy that has always succeeded
with me, either to introduce a fertile queen
or have the bees rear a queen from brood. It
is this :

Take the hive from its stand and carry it
behind the house or some building near by,
then after placing an empty hive on its stand
to keep the bees from going into other hives,
shake or brush every bee off the combs on
the ground, setting the combs to one side
away from the bees, and after all are off and
the hive cleaned, put the combs back in the
hive and return it to its old stand. Then put
a frame filled with brood and covered with
bees into the hive, and the bees will do the
rest. Or, if you want to give them a queen
do it after a few hours. G. A. Wright.

Mitchell Co., Iowa.

to two pounds a day. Week after week in
.July they worked on acres of white clover,
with a steady loss every day. Last year the
same colony stored 250 pounds of honey. But
it must be borne in mind that they never
lacked for empty comb to store in.

From about 50 colonies, spring count. I had
only 2 swarms this year, but they are swarm-
ing some now. It is mostly on account of su-
perseded queens, but an old clipped queen
came out yesterday.

There is barely half a crop of honey in this
locality, as most bees swarmed in June.

Linn Co., Mo., Aug. 12. Irving Long.

Easy Queen Introduction

A prime swarm came out this year on April
28, with 2 queens. I caught one of these
queens and let her run into the hive of a
queenless colony, without any restrictions,
and she was received all right.

J. B. AtJSMUs.

Benton Co., Ark., Aug. 16.

A Satisfactory Bee-Veil

A very satisfactory bee-veil is made from
1}4 yards of black netting, drawn in at the
top and bottom, the same as any bee-veil, then
dipped in cooked linseed oil. Wash it thor-
oughly in this preparation, rubbing it until
all the bubbles have disappeared from the
meshes, and pull it through a dry cloth. Then
hang it up in a warm place to dry. Put a
stick through it horizontally when drying, so
that it will be spread out. This makes the
veil stiff, and the bees do not attempt to sting
through it as they do when it is flimsy. It
will also last a good deal longer than an ordi-
nary bee-veil. Raw linseed oil might answer
the purpose as well as the cooked, but we
have not tried it. Hayck Bros.

Kane Co., 111.

Net Gain of an Average Colony

The net gain of an average colony brought
up to good strength by feeding about a month
before the harvest of this year, was as follows ;

The first gain for the year was May is,
which was % pound; this slowly increased
until May 31 when the gain for the day was 11
pounds; the next day it was 8>.,, and for the
following consecutive days, respectively; 12,
10, 3, 0, 10, 6K, ly., 4, 2, 9, 10, 9;^, 8, dy,, 10,
S}4, 8, 1, 3, 2, 8. Then it droppe'd very rap-
idly, and in less than a week there was a loss
of from J-4 to one pound, and until Aug. 7 the
loss kept up. Now, strange to say, they are
storing honey from wild boneset, about one

Backward Spring Makes Poor
Season

May and June were so wet and cold that
the bees were very slow in breeding up, my
first swarm issuing July 6, fully one month
later than usual. However, since that date
we have had a fair flow from white clover and
basswood. I think I can count on an average
of 30 pounds of comb honey per colony, which
will be as much as I got last season. I have
now 40 colonies, but have had only 14 swarms
this season. Geo. Stout.

Hennepin Co., Minn., Aug. 14.

Swarm Clustered for 29 Hours

I started last spring with 4 colonies. I now
have 5, and they are not swarming as much
as I think they should.

One of my neighbors, who is afraid of bees,
when coming through his pasture on the af-
ternoon of July 4, at about 4 o'clock, saw a
swarm of bees clustered on a bush. He
wanted to let me know about them, so I could
get them, but he was going away in the even-
ing and had not time. The next day at 5
o'clock p.m., when he went after his cows,
there was that cluster yet. In the evening he
came to let me know and I hived them that
night at 9 o'clock, so we know they actually
hung in the cluster 29 hours, besides what-
ever time they may have hung before he saw
them. I have " Langstroth on the Honey-
Bee," and "ABC of Bee Culture," and I
could find nothing like this in either. What
do you suppose was, or could have been, the
cause of their hanging so longi They were
good Italian stock. I hived them in a double-
super Wisconsin hive, and they are doing fine.
Their queen was as floe as any I ever saw.

Adams Co., Wis., July 8. W. B. Smith.

[Although such cases do not often occur, a
good many have been reported. Sometimes
the weather accounts for it, turning rainy
after the swarm has settled, thus preventing
the bees from taking flight. There have been
a few cases in which the bees stayed perma-
nently where they clustered. — Editor.]

of brood. So you see I have 4 fine swarms of
bees and 300 pounds of honey, all from one
queen. If any one should ask me if I think
it pays to get queens my answer would be
yes, and, emphatically, j/es. I got some 5-
banded golden Italians from Texas which are
very nice. I bought them as an experiment,
and will report later as to how I like them.

I had 6 colonies, spring count, and now
have 16. I am making them pay for every-
thing they get (or everything I get for them,)
so I am sure they will not bankrupt me. The
neighbors say that I would tame the worst
bees on earth and make them gentle. Bees
are not as vicious as people think.

I owe much of my success to the good read-
ing matter found in the American Bee Jour-
nal, and advise every one who keeps bees or
is thinking of doing so, to subscritie for it.

Kane Co., 111., Aug. S. E. J. Bryant.

Record of a Good Queen

Here is the record of a queen which I got
in 1904. On Aug. ir of that year I gave her
2 frames with bee-; and brood, and gave
frames with foundation as she needed them.
When cold weather came on they had 7 frames
filled with honey and brood (and lots of
brood, I tell you.) This spring the colony
was strong. I gave ihem a double hive, and
it contained so mm h brood that I divided
them, with good results, June 15. July 5 a
monster swarm issui^d, and they now have 2
bodies and oue super, and if the flow should
return I will have to i^'ive them another. July
13 another small sw arm issued, with a fine
queen, so I put them in an 8-frame hive.
They are doing well.

To-day I looked t ' -ough the parent colony.
The young queen h - mated with a obanded
golden Italian drone, and she has a fine nest

Poor Honey Year in Georgia

I mingle my voice with the other "busted"
bee-keepers by saying that this has been a
rocky year on bee-keeping in Georgia.

There was no fall flow last year, and the
winter was hard on the bees. There were but
few of them in the early spring, and no honey,
though plenty of bloom, but bees never noticed
it. There was a fine crop of honey from the
gallberry in this and other sections.

We have had a fine fall fiow and bees are in
good shape lor winter. I have taken off 40-
1-5 pounds of honey per colony, but have had
very little increase. J. J. Wilder.

Crisp Co., Ga., Aug. 14.

Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee

'30 'Xf *Xr

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by foUowing the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for f2.00 ; or, we wUl
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlns AdTertiaers.

Aug. 31. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

621

CONVENTION NOTICES.

A Bee-Keepers' Pield-aieeting will
be held at The A. I. Root Co. 's exhibition api-
ary at Jenkintown, Pa., Thursday, Sept. 7,
1905, in which will unite the Pennsylvania
State Bee-Keepers' Association, New .Jersey
State Bee-Keepers' Association, Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers' Association, New York bee-
keepers, and all bee-keepers and others inter-
ested in bees, from the surrounding territory.
Jenkintown is a suburb of PhUadelpbia.
Orders for reduced rates on the local ticket
agents for round-trip tickets to the convention
can be secured free on application to Win. A
Selser, of .Jenkintown, Pa.. Hon. H. A. Sur-
face. Harrisburg, Pa., and Dr. E. F. Phillips,
Washington, D. C.

National. — The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 2S, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, find coutt/iue three
days.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be a* the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer. long sound of a) , corner of Houston
and .Jefferson Sts., and rates are only $1.00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian <iueen$

Untested, after June 15, 75c ; Tested, $1.00 ;

Breeders — the very best, 65.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. ^'AI.XER S. HOSS.

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

60 ejBO.C xz oi g tnojj jSBy pay
B t^O OO JOAaii I

a

Oxisvn-LE, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everythiuff in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if a want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodnbr,
Flease meatloa Bee Journal whea WTitiii<;.

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Qdeens for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN MAlIj. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian; my selections from light imported
Italian ; Moore's long-tongue ; golden ; Carniolan (mated to Car'niolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for t6.00

•' 6 for 3.25

1 for 60

After Oct. 1. I Tested—

Untested 12 for $7.,50 | Each..

" 6 for...' 4.00 Breeders-

" 1 for 75 Each.. .

.$1.50
. 3.00

27At3t

JOHN M. DAVIS. Spring Hill, Tenn.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections |

And Prompt Sliipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIYES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

I Shipping=Cases |

s ^

^ We have thousands of letters on file in our office praising the quality of our ^i

^ Shipping-Cases. If we have pleased them and have maintained our quality, we can ^*

^ please you. It is only a matter of a trial order. For prompt shipment send us your ^^

S order now. ^;

I JOHN DOLL & SON, f.

:^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN, g

feare

Mannfactnrers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING- - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS-HIVES-AND HEVERY-
THING FOR THE JBEE - KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipments. Low Prices.

MONDENG MFG. CO.,

147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

622

THE AMERICAN BEE JOCJIRNAL

Aug. 31, 1905

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. Special Wiscoiint on all bee>siipplie!ii
not now in season. Lewis' Ooods at factory prifes. Catalog free.

Honey-Packages for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets, Ulass Jars witli patent sprlne
sealers and glass stoppers; regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

Fine Italian Queens by Return Mail

Untested Queens « -75 1 Tested Queens $1.00

.«=!»,... nnt.fl.<ited Oueens 1.00 | Select Tested Queens .3.00

Select Untested Queens.

New Crop Extracted Honey

of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels.

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and Barrels. If
vou can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use ; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab"
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Hest service,
lo^vest freiglit rates, satlstaction to all.

Caa ^^\r\ I I O ^f\ 1004 EAST WASH. STREET
■ IVI> OOw I I OC V/Wi INDIANAPOLIS. IND.tJ^-!- •!-4- •^•^

SHiDDlno-Gases fSI aVl

Made of Michigan white pine; 24-lb., $13;
12-lb., $8; 20-lb. Danzy, $U per 100; less than
100 lots, Ko more each ; 3-in. glass, Ic each
more; No. 1 Sections, $4; No. 2, $3.50 per
1000 All kinds of Supplies kept in stock.
Send for list. W. D. SOPER.

Rural Rente 3, JACKSON. MICH.

27Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

4 O-Page Catalog Free !
Full information regarding all kinds of BEK.
KEEPERS' BDPPLIES, Best goods. Latest Im-
DTOvements. Danzenbater Hives and Fixtures.
Wompt shipments. John Nkbel & SON SnpPLY
Co., High Hill. Mo, 3Dtf

ITALIAN QUEENS,

Untested 65c $1.75 $3.00

Tested 90c 2.40 4.50

Safe arrival guaranteed.
JOHN LEININOER, Ft.Jennings.Ohio

29Dtf Please mention the Bee J onrnal.

A New Magazine

Would you like the new maEa/,iae — written esi>ecially for you
— to you — by you, good sturies, pretty, serviceable fashions,
household helps, recipes, letters from subscribers, practical
plans for earning incomes — a charming mag&zine — worth
many times its price? If so, send us 25 cents for a year's sub-
scription, or send postal for sample copy.

The WOMAN'S JOURNAL

102 Jonrnal Bide. CHICAGO

Learn Telegraphy and R. H.
Accouating

$oO to $1(0 per montli salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DEMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write tor Catalog.

MoRse School of Telegraphy.

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. Lacrosse.
Wis. Texarkaua. Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention the Bee Joornal

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Bach Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENME, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Prlce-Dst. 8

otiR KI^V^ES AND SEOTIOITS |

Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material. |

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and 0

secure prompt shipment. g

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London,Wis. "« a |

Flease mentloii Bee Jaam&l when -wiltlaK

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the

following prices :

J'2-lb. Jars with corks — 1 case of 21 doz. for
?5.50; 3 cases, $l.i.5U.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5.25; 3 cases for .-^IS.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 13 doz., for ?5;
3 cases for $14.

Hand.^ Comb Foundation Mills

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

YORK HONEY l^^p«L^v^ CO.

[Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives. Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea,
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted-
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Must Close Out Queen-Trade

By Sept. 15. Good Untested Queens, 50 cents.
Tested, $1.00. J. F. MICHAEL,

35A3t Kt. 1, Winchester, Ind.

ucrxIfiNo Lice Killing Machine

— kJllifcll licemd miles. ^oinju^J■.to birds ot fe»th.

erB. HandleB »dj fowl. Bm»Ueit chick to Urgeflt
gobbler. M»dein three »UeB. P»j!i for IWelfflrBt
■eaioD. AlBo Lightning Lkt Killing PovxUr,
Pbuliry Biu. Lice Murder, etc. Weewure specUJ
low eipr.Bfl r»Ws. C»t»,l.>t Bent free. Write forll.
CHARLES 8C1IILD CO.
_ S Frankfort M. Clevelaud, OUa

*r^ef*f<e memaon Bee Joumai ^vnen wTitu%

WANTED

A man and wife <do children) to take charge
of a small country home. Must be a good
gardener, who also understands bees, poultry,
cows and horses. A good place and home for
the right kind of people. Address or call on,
C. E. HERRICK.
Room 635 RIalto BIdg., Chicago. 111.

Select Tested Breeders

Golden Yellow Breeding Queens, .*1. Every
young queen from them yellow as gold. Non-
swarming, non-stingers and hustlers for
honey. 8-page leaflet on Queen-Rearing free
to all.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

PURE ITALIAN BEES

The most beautiful, gentle, prolific, best
workin_g, and. being long tongued, best honey-
gatherers. PRIZES — VI. Swiss Agricultural
E.thibition, Berne, ISQS; Swiss National Exhi-
bition, Geneva, 18%; Bee-Keeplng Exposition,
Lieee, Belgium, 1895; Universal Exposition,
St. Louis, U. S. A., 1904. THE HlOMESr
AWARD. Extra Select Breeding Queen, $3.00;
six, $lt).00; dozen, 130.00. Selected Queen, f2.00;
six, $11.00; dozen, .fM.OO. Special prices on
larger number. The addresses must be clear;
payments by postal money orders. If by chance
a queen dies upon the .iourney she is to be re-
tnrneil immediately, with a postal certificate,
and another queen will be sent gratis. Address
ANTHONY BIAGGI
PEDEVILLB, NEAR BELLINZONA,
ITALIAN SWITZERLAND

This country is politically the Switzerland
Republic, but lies geographically in Italy, and
possesses the best kind of bees known. In
writing mention the American Bee Journal.

size, good layers o'i finest eggs.
Hardy and fearless, the best all
Ipurpose fowl. Willow legs and
Bay eyes. Illustrated circular.
26th year. "h. H. FLICK, '
MANCHESTER. MD.

I

Au?. 31, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

623

B66SUI

Guaranteed Superioritu

Lowest Prices IE

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)
The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N.Y.

Flease mention Bee Journal -when writJnft

Bees,Q,ueeiis andNuclei

Choice liome-bred and im-
ported stock. A 1 1 qaeens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .65

One tested queen ''0

One select tested queen. . 1.10

One breeding queen l.fjS

One comb nucleus (no

queenl 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
Tiripes J» ^* ST^tOl^Cjr.

304'East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joamal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 80UTH Watbr ST. Chicago. luL.

Flease mentton Bae Jonmal when -wrltUia

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive,
Yuu can't have LeuUhy. profitable
fowls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills «11 insert vermin and

makes sittinfc: hens comfortable.

<'*^'S*y ^ Sample lOc; 100 oz.. fl.OO l>y expre»«.

*'v.^lyi^^^ O. K. STOCK FOOn CO.,

k* vSiJ^^ "■ •'■ Lamhert. Vire-Pres.

I\li>vj^^ 406 MonoB Bide.. ChlcBgo, IlL

Please mention Bee Journal when ■writina

New Comb Honey-Chop of 1905

We believe it would pay those having it in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and style of package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mentlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

He

*

O

o

O
O

Queens NOW RBddu 1)0 SuDPiuS

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries, !^^^H

from selected mothers; have proven their qualities as H^^B

GREAT HONEY-GATHERERS. mSH

C\t>AAct.r% |-i-«l1«onC Have no superior, and few equals. ■=■

LIOIGcn llallcinb Untested, 75c; 6 for $4.00. ^^H

■~k J /-*\ g-\ _^ ^ Which left all records be- HUH

Red Clover Oueens Mndinhojey gathering. Eg

^ ^^ tntested, Tdc ; 6 for $4. B^M^I

cIs W ^■« ■■■I'll BTngWWlWrWiWBWilHltffilJ JJBiWH-IWt^ rb-

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- ^ccsipax-f

CHicAGO,Aug. IS —The demand has absorbed
all the o£feiings of fancy and A No. 1 grades of
white comb honey at 14c, while No. 1 has sold
at 13®13!«c. No call at present for other than
the best grade, it really being difficult to place
what ordinarily is called No. 1. Extracted,
white. 6@7c; amber, light and dark,5(a6c. Bees-
wax, 28c. R. A. BtlSKBTT dc Co.

Albany, N.T., July 26.— There is some call
for honey, new crop, and if here would proba-
bly sell for best prices of season, as the general
impression is there will be a large crop. White
comb honey will start off at ISc to early uuyers.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas Citt, Aug. ?4.— The honey market
here shows a decided improvement and the
market is firm at f3.8Sto$3.00 for No. 1 and
fancy white comb in 24 section cases. Amber
and other grades are selling for less, according
to quality. Extracted in fair demand, white
selling at 6Hcents; other grades downto4Hc.
Beeswax, 28c. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, Aug. 18.— The heavy requests
for offers on honey recently, have a tendency
to lower the prices. We are striving hard to
maintain good prices, by giving our friends
more than their honey is worth, to hold up the
market. So far we have been successful. Still
offer extracted honey as follows; Amber in
barrels and cans at SK@6}ic, respectively.
White clover at 7(2.8^0. We feel that lower
prices will prevail in the near future.

Comb honey is coming in quite freely. We
quote fancy while comb honey at 12@15c. The
arrival of Western car. load shipments of comb
honey is anticipated daily, after which the
market will be shattered as to prices. Bees-
wax, 26c. ThkFrbd W.MuTH Co.

Denver, June 20.— The demand for both
comb and extracted hooey is light at present,
and there is euou^'U of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new crop comes in; the same is
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, I2'.i r: -"; No. 2. $l.7S@*2. White
extracted, 6M''>")^c per pound. Beeswax, 26c.
The Colo. H^ -.■by-Producers' Assn.

New York, Ang. !■■ — No new combhoneyon
the market as yet, ami very few inquiries so far
Extracted is in fairly good demand and we
quote: California at from 5)i@7c per pound,
according to quality and quantity. Southern
in barrels from :■ i^fj'c per gallon. Beeswax
remains steady at 2'>c per pound.

UII.DRBTH & SbOBLKEN

Philadelphia, Aug. 21. — Some honey arriv-
ing, with prospects of a good crop all throng n
the East, but no call for comb honey during
the hot weather, so that prices are not as yet
established. Extracted honey arriving freely.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, V^Sc; am-
ber, 6(it'7c. Beeswax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Cincinnati, 0., Aug. 8.— There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is in usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, in barrels, at S^@5^<ic; in cans,
5Ji@6c. Beeswax, 28c. C. H. W. Webbr.

San Francisco, Aug. li).— White comb. 1-lb-
sections, '>@10 cents; amber, 7i88c. Extracted,
water-white, 5@S^c; white, 4?i@Sc; light am-
ber, 4@4}^ cents; amber, 3)4 @4c; dark amber,
2J4@3c. Beeswax, good to choice, light, 27@29c.

Stocks of honey are large and the market
weak. Receipts are of fair size and excellent
quality. Prices are being maintained at figures
quoted despite the fact that there is very little
demand at those figures.

FOR SALE

Until further Qutice, fiae*t quality new crop
California WaterW^hite White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity you want.

HlLDRETH & SEGELKEN
265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y.

34Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUNO CANS
We have a good supply of Pure Uass-
vrood Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 1 can
in a bo.t, at S cents a pound ; 2 or more cans,
boxed, at 7' , cents— all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order. Siimple, by mail, 8 cents in
stamps, to lOver pacltage and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYirpP^L^v^CO.

141-14:^ Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

624

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Aug-. 31, 190S

DISCOUNT

ON ORDERS ACCOMPANIED BY CASH SENT US IN

SEPTEMBER

This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current use.

On receipt of the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity we will
mail to any address free of charge postpaid a copy of our little book, "Bee Pranks,"
which is a pamphlet compiled from newspaper clippings containing many laughable and
interesting anecdotes which have actually happened in the life of the bee. Published
only by G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.

California Lumber
San Francisco.

& Milling Co.,

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Hooey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO
Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Auspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

Q. B. LEWIS CO. =

Manu£:irturers of

ee- Keepers'
Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A..

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at San Antonio, Texas,

Oct. 30, 31 and Nov. i.

▼▼▼▼▼▼

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPTEMBER 7, 1905

No. 36

626

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Seot.

1905

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BV

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STTBSCEIPTION PRICE of this JOBrnal la
21 oo a year, in the United States. Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, ou
cents a year extra for postaee. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPER-LABBL DATE indicates the
endof the month to which your subscription jspaiii.
For instance. " decfts" on your label shows thai it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, 1904.

SUBSCRIPTION RBCEIPTS.~We do not send a
receipt for money sent us in pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will he given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist.— To promote the intereets of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in tlielr
lawful riffhu. ^ . . ,_ ^ i* . ,

3ci._To enforce laws against the adulteration oi

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wla,

t^r If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
ODblishers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tlie Honey-Producers' League

(Incorporated)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2, To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 ( or fraction of iio> colonies of bees {spring count >
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
Arm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10. increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of Ills or its capital used in
the allied Interests of bee-keeping.

Oboroe W. York. Manager,

3a4 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end ul
1905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending ubONE NEW subscription with $1.00 forthe
Bee Journal a year. Now i,^ the time to get new
subscribers, if you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal tor use as samples, let us know how many
you \v:int and we will mail ihem to you. Address
all orders to the ofBce of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.25 Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal serew cap, holding one

ftouud of honey net, one gross in case complete
a 5-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f.o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

MILDRETM & SEQELKEN,
265 A, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

11 Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundruu mul;^ of me are over Jj of
the bee-keepers of MichiKan. I am on the Pere
Marquette R.K., which completely covers this
region. Root's Cioods, Factory Prices,
Proiupt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE JE HILTON,

28^12t Fh:^MONT. MICH,

f^ease me&Uos Bee ^r' onui 'Wlien wzltisf.

■•♦?■

■ft«. WAir. .«#i'. .a'|>- >lti: -ijtj*- j£ifr. -•£#<'. .*%'». .«#■'. .•#«■ ,^%S. .*^j*, .•#«■ .■ij'. >#''. .■'#'. >iir. .«|ir. .*Aif. >iir. .WAir. .WAir. .«#«. .«

»%fc«»T» ^*«I«> ^I-a^^I* 4AiHK» «te«2^

'< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

lyow Freight Rates. .-. .■. .-. Catalog Free.

If you wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my
free monthly price-list of honey.

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE and avail
yourself of the following- very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

#

.kf«.
■-.♦?■

For cash orders before Oct. 1.
For cash orders before Nov, 1
For cash orders before Dec. 1.

Percent

10

9

For cash orders before Jan. 1.7 percent
For cash orders before Feb, 1.6 percent
For cash orders before Mar. 1-4 percent
For cash orders befoi e Apr. 1-2 percent

WftLTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

4

«"ea^^e oipijuou b-ie jouri_,ai wrien wnt»r^''.

Diumer's Foundation is itie mi.

Send for Catalog, Samples and Discounts, and judge for yourself. 1904 output, 50 percent
Increase over 1903.

Full line of SUPPLIES, wholesale and retail.

foundation for Cash a Specialty.

, Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer*s Foundation.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please mention Bee Journal -when vrritlii&

I Shipping=Cases

•j^ '

'.^ We have thousands ot letters on file in our office praising the quality of our ,

•^ Shipping-Cases. If we have pleased them and have maintained our quality, we can ^

^5 please you. It is only a matter of a trial order. For prompt shipment send us your ^:

:£ order now. ',

I JOHN DOLL & SON,

■.^ Power Building, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

J r\ • A On orders accompanied

lo percent Discount ^^^^^^^^^^^^

to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current use.
By Return Freight or Express. Send to

H. M^ARND. YORK HONEY ^S^^l^ CO. .NotmC.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using thi; Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog: und prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Goods

at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange

— delivered liere.

Ple» Mention the American Bee Jonrnal Idmtff

Sept. 7, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

627

u

DADANT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

■as^i^

^ ^ BEE-SUPPLIES « «

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in Noromp shipping

CASES, ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE. AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT, AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATt, OHIO.

Wb 8ell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let ns quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Caab.

M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Flease mention Bae j-iumaj \i7hen ■writing.

VIRGINIA QUEENS lTrc?oTs%ryZt

of careful selectioa fium red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens^ 75c; after June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June IS, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after J uue IS, $1.00. Write pOBlal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
17A.2t.t Fredericksburg, Va.

.© '

■'©■

L@^i

We carry a laige
variety of every tb
Apiary, assuring I > ■
prices, ana prompt shipments. We want every bee-iieeper to h.v
trated Catalog, and rea(3 description of Alternating Hivet,
Write at once for Catalog, either Englisli or German lang ■.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Rci

AGENCIES

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton & Ford, G:

Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lan-

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antoi

B66-SIIPDI16S!|

."itocli and greatest

n,' needed in the

I goods at lowest

our Free Illii.s-

Massie Hives, etc.

1 Oak, Iowa.

den city, Kansas.
Colo.

Tex.

FINE QUEENS

By Return flail. From my

3 and 5 banded long-tongued
Italians. Tested, $1; war-
ranted tested, 75c; untested,
60c; no disease. I guaran-
tee all Queens perfect, to ar-
rive safely, and to give rea-
sonable satisfaction. I have
pleased others and can
please you. May I ask for
a trial order?

CHAS. M. DARROW

23Atf R. F.D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

^'fyffvfyffyffxfxfyffxfyffxfi^fxfyffxivfy'fy^fy'f \(fy(fy(f\(f>(f><?s^^

QUpSS

We iiave secured the services
of one of the best Queen special-
ists in the U. S. Over 20 years'
experience rearing Queens. Our
Yard is stocked with select breed-
ers from the best yards in Amer-
ica, and can send Queens by re-
turn mail.

S

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905:

Untested Queens $ .7,^

Select I'utested Queens .... 1.00

Tested tjuoens 1.50

Select Te.ted Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS,

5 1 Monroe Street,
T0L":r30, - OHIO.

Please ment ion Bee Journal when wilting.

628

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 7, 1905

SEPTEflBER SPECIAL

Cash Discount for Early Orders

We can not remember a year when we were not crowded with
orders through tbe spring months, and somewhat behind some years
more than others. In order to divert some of this trade to the fall and
winter months, we have offered inducements in the way of an early-
order cash discount. This year we will be more liberal 'ban ever be-
fore in the amount of discount allowed. For some months the price
of some of the materials used has been a little lower, and we have
stocked up heavily, and propose giving you the advantage of the
saving in price. The abundant farm crops throughout the country
are stimulating trade in almost all lines, and prices'are a ready stiffen-
ing. The discounts which we propose to ofier for early cash orders
are as follows :

For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 percent.

Nov. 1 9

Dec. 1 8

" " .Tan. 1 '

" " Feb. 1- 6

" " March 1 *

April 1 2

You will notice that, after January, the discount drops 3 percent
a month ; and if we find that advancing prices of materials do not
warrant the larger discount, we reserve the right to reduce the amount
of discount at any time. Your safest plan is, therefore, to order at once.

This discount is onlv for cash before the dates named, and is in-
tended to apply to hives, sections, frames, foundation, extractors,
smolsers, shipping-cases, cartons, and other miscellaneous bee-keepers
supplies. It will not apply on orders for the following articles exclu-
sively ; but where these form no more than about 10 percent of the
whole orders, the discount may be taken from the entire bill : Tinned
wire, paint, Bingham smokers. Porter bee-escape, glass and tin honey-
packages, scales, bees and queens, bee books and papers, labels and
other printed matter; bushel boxes, seeds, and other specialties not
listed in our general catalog.

Beeswax and Comb Foundation

To compensate for the large early order cash discount we propose
to increase the trade price of wax ; and until further notice we will
pay 26 cts. cash, or 30 cts. in trade, for average wax delivered here or
at our branches. When you take trade at 30 cts. a pound you>ill not
be entitled to the early-order discount on the supplies.

The price of comb foundation was reduced Aug. 1 two cents a
pound, and the revised price stands as follows:

Gra.de.

Medium Brood
Light Brood . . .

Thin Super

Extra Thin

Size, and sheets

per pound. lib.

TJiXlB'H 7 to 8

7^4X16% 9 to 10
3%ll5K 28
3^<xl5K 32

.^5
57
62
65

— In lots of

5 10 25 50

53
.^5
60
63

51
53
58
61

49
51
56
59

48
50
55

58

Tbe early-order cash discount applies to the reduced price of
foundation, making a total net reduction of 7 to S cts. a pound for
September orders. We recommend that shipment of foundation be
avoided in extreme cold weather, and to that end it would be well to
get in your supply in the fall. Use your leisure time in winter to nail
and paint your hives, put up sections, and prepare other articles ready
for the spring rush.

Extra-Long Bee-Gloves

Having made arrangements for our supply of gloves from a factory
making a specialty of their manufacture, we save enough in the cost
to enable us to offer them either with or without fingers at 35 cts. a
pair ; by mail, 42 cts.

No-Drlp Shipping-Cases

Don't allow your Comb Honey to be sold at low prices on account
of poor Shipping-Cases. Put your crop into Root's No-Drip Cases
and it will reach the market in perfect condition, thus bringing satis-
factory returns. Our Cases are made of selected basswood, with 2 or
3 inch glass front, which shows off the honey to the very best advan-
tage. Below is a condensed price-list. Complete prices and particu-
lars are found in our general catalog.

Shipping-Cases.
Name and Size of Case.

o

sd
<»

1

'3

z

30
30
20
20
25
30
30
80
25
30
25

10-in. 4-row •■• '*

12-in. 2-row " "

10-in. 2-row *' "

16-^n. 2-row " *'

63^-in. 3-row " '*

7^-in. 3-row " "

9^-in. 4-row for 3^x5 "

63j-in. 3-row " *'

Price complete
including 3-in.
glass one side,
nails and pa-
per, in flat.

ll 10 100

2 00
2 00
1 30
1 20
1 50
1 30
1 30
1 80
1 40
1 SO
1 40

_5 CO
p o

■5s

$18
17
11
10
13
11
11
16
13
16
11

?17
16
10
10
11
10
10

3 ,
O to •

5S8

$16 00
15 00

10 00
9 50

11 00
10 00

9 50
14 00
10 50
14 00
10 00

The Simplex Jar

The handsomest glass package on the market.
It's a package you need not be ashamed of, and
will find its way beside the finest of the grocery
shelves. Create a demand for your honey.

This is a new jar with glass screw-top and rub-
ber gasket fitted to the taper screw on jar, which
seals absolutely air-tight. Put up in re-shipping
(•flopsnt 3 dozen jars each, with corrugated pro-
tectors.

Price .?1. 10 per case; 6 cases (x( SI. 05; 20 cases
or more (w $1.00.

5-Gallon Square Cans

The above cut shows the favorite package for shipping extracted
honey. There is no shrinkage and consequent leaking; no taint to
the honey from wood, as is so frequently the case with barrels and
kegs. The cans, being made square, economize space, and are easily
boxed. They are used exclusively in the far West. Take 4th class
freight-rate

PKICE LIST OF SQUARE CANS.

No. in
a box.

1

2

10

12

34

100

100

100

Capacity of each can Price of Wt. of

in gallons, in honey. 1 box. 10 bxs. 1 box.

5-gal. can boxed

5 gal.

1-gal

^-gal.

4-gal. "

1-gal.

■2-gal- "

'-..-gal. "

60 lbs.

60 "

12 "

6 "

3 "

12 "

6 "

3 "

$ 55

85

1 50

1 50

3 40

11 00
9 00
7 00

$ 5 00

8 00
14 00
14 00
i 23 00
105 00
85 00
! 65 00

10 lbs,
15
20
20
25
110
80
60

Porter Bee-Escape

The great labor-saver. No well-regulated apiary can aSord to be
without it more than a smoker.

Price 20c each ; $2.25 per dozen, prepaid.

Price with board, 35e; $3.20 for 10, not postpaid.

The A. I. Root ComDany,

MEDINA,
OHIO

GhicaQO, 144 1. trie St,

PhiladelDhia, 10 Vine St.

k.A74i-i--(

New York, 44 Veseu St.

Dee Journal

I Entered at the PoBt-Offlce at Cbicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
PiibUshed W^eekly at Sl.OO a Year by George W^. York A. Co., 334 Dearborn St.

aBOROB W. YORK, Bdltor

CHICAGO, ILL,, SEPTEMBER 7, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 36

r

(Sbitorial Ticks '2it (Eommcnts

'^

^^ _==

Forcing; Honey to Granulate

Mr. S. T. Pettit, one of Canada's oldest and
foremost bee-keepers, sends us the following
on forcing extracted honey to candy or
granulate :

Dear Editor Tork : — The time to force
the candying of honey will soon be upon us
again.

Allow me to say that the two most puissant
factors in the process are cliimge of tempn-n-
ture and agilalion. I am not sure but I would
be safe in saying that the former is the
stronger factor of the two.

A good Miany years ago I had an excellent
opportunity of taking lessons on this subject.
When delivering honey to the trade, it went
in groceries, some of which were poor, thin-
walled, wooden structures. Others were of
substantial, thick brick walls. And in-
variably the honey in the thin, open, wooden
buildings candied first. Observations all
along down the years confirm that statement.

In those days most of our honey was mar-
keted in glass, and so the observations were
easily made.

I would generally take the start of the
grocer, who, in most cases, would be inclined
to question the purity of the honey when it
began to candy, by saying something like
this: " O, your honey is candying beauti-
fully, is it not?" Then a little friendly talk
and explanation would follow, and in that way
I would win confidence, educate, and do busi-
ness, always striving to popularize candied
honey.

It has been an uphill job, but all who have
worked in that line are going to win.

S. T. Pettit.

Where it is possible to develop a demand
for granulated extracted honey we think it is
an excellent thing to do. And to be able to
compel the granulation of extracted honey is
also a fine thing.

Personally, we may say that we have never
taken very willingly to the granulated-paper-
bag honey, but we may have been wrong
about it. If so, it is not the first time we
have been mistaken. We believe that some
bee-keepers are doing better by working up
a demand for granulated or candied honey-
Surely it has many advantages. It doesn't
leak, nor spill out if the package is tipped
over when uncovered. Then there are many
people who prefer to eat honey granulated.
And those who prefer it liquid can have it so
in a few minutes by applying a little heat.

By changing the temperature and shaking

J

up the honey, Mr. Pettit says its granulation
will be hastened. Hood thing to know that.

Food Offered to Queen or Demanded ?

The orthodox belief is that the worker-bees
are eager to offer food ; that iconoclast,
Arthur C. Miller, says the queen makes
demands. Confirmatory of his view is an
article in the Irish Bee-Keeper containing the
following passage :

" In 1903 we had some experiments which
showed that a queen introduced into a glass-
covered box with one strange bee, proceeded
to demand refreshment. If obtained, all was
serene, but if refused the delinquent worker
was immediately killed. This suggested that
the battling of queens begins by a general
refusal to supply food, and a consequent
running amuck by the strange queen."

Further on mention is made of a queen
which applied to a worker for food, "and,
upon being refused, made a threatening move-
ment which was answered by protrusion of
the tongue."

Rules for Grading tloney

The following letter is from the manager of
the St. Croix Valley Honey- Producers' Asso-
ciation :

St. Croix Co., Wis., Aug. 4, 1905.
George W. York eV: Co.

Dear I'iirs : — The last American Bee Journal
reminded me that it might interest you to see
our rules for honey grading, etc. Out in
Colorado the bee-keepers have adopted a set
of rules which wo believe suits the white
clover and basswo "l localities first rate, and
is better than any other grading rules that
have come under our observation. All our
members (now abcut 300) arefoUowing them.
They are simple ami easy to follow. Our ex-
perience is that tht more grades the poorer
each grade will be.

Your last issue ( Aug. 3) is worth its weight
in gold. Honey -production isn't the only
thing tor the bee-!; ''per to look upon. Mar-
keting, with us IS the paramount question.
If bee-keepers wouM grade alike, and hon-
estly, how easy it would be to move honey.
Yours truly,

Leo F. Haneoan, Manager.

The Colorado grading rules referred to are

as follows :

COMB DONBT rules.

No. 1. — Sections t ; be well filled and capped,
honey white or ; tly amber, comb white

and not pro/niing beyond the wood, wood to be
well cleaned ; cases of separatored honey to
average 31 pounds net per case of 34 sections,
with a minimum weight of not less than 20
pounds for any single case; cases of halt-
eeparatored honey to average not less than
31'| pounds net per case of 24 sections, with
a minimum weight of 2054 pounds for any
single case ; cases of unseparatored honey to
average not less than 22'., pounds net per
case of 24 sections, with a minimum weight of
21} i' pounds for any single case.

No. 2.— Includes all amber honey of a pro-
nounced tinge, and all white and amber
honey not included in No. 1; to be fairly well
settled, luirnppetl fells not to exceed 50 in. num-
ber exclns\ve ot the outside row, wood to be
well cleaned ; cases of separatored honey to
average not less than 18 pounds net per case
of 24 sections ; cases of unseparatored honey
to average not less than 19 pounds net per
case of 24 sections, cases of unseparatored
honey to average not less than 20 pounds net
per case of 24 sections. Cases weighing over
35 pounds go in No. 2 grade.

extracted honey rules.

Extracted honey shall be classified as white
and amber, shall weigh 12 pounds per gallon,
shall be perfectly free from particles of wax,
and shall always be marketed in new cans.
All rendered honey, whether obtained by
solar heat or otherwise, shall be classed as
strained honey, and not as extracted.

KEC0MMENDATI0N3.

It is recommended to sell all cull honey
around home as much as possible; to grade
only in daylight, near a window.

Pack all sections in stout basswood no-drip
shipping-ease.' : to put paper above and below
sections ; to store honey in a warm, dry room
well protected from Hies and dust; if the heat
of the room causes the wax-moth to become
troublesome, treat the honey to the fumes of
bisulphide of carbon ; to haul carefully, well-
protected from dust and rain; do not nail
eoi'ers on tight, as it often becomes necessary
to remove them in order to inspect honey or
remove a broken section ; do not put any
names or nutr/^s on cases except grade marks.

We prefer to pack eight 34-pound cases in a
large crate, fust putting about 4 inches of
straw in it. This will act as a cushion, and
prevents breaking down of the combs from
jarring or jolting. The glass fronts of the
cases should show through the crate so that
freight handlers can easily see what it is and
handle accurdingly. Then there should be
two long strips nailed near the top of the
sides of the crate (one on each side), and ex-
tending out I', or 8 inches, forming handles by
which to carry it. Another good thing is to
tack on top a large card having on it in plain
letters! •' I'omb Honey, Handle with Care."
When so prepared, comb honey should go
almost arvw hereby freight in good condition.

The most popular packages for extracted
honey aro ih'; 2-pound friction-top can, 5 and
10-pound frir ion-top pail,60-pound square can
boxed, one or two cans in a box. and the 60-
pound, r. t,d, flat-top can with a veneer

630

-THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 7, 1905

jacket, ball for haadle, and a 3-incli screw cap
JD the top.

I'nder " Comb Honey Rules," where it says
" oases weighing over 2.") pounds go in No. 2
grade," Mr. Hanegan adds:

" Unless otherwise fancy. As a rule, heavy
cases are non-separatored goods, and are
heavy because many sections are fat or bulged,
and rough more or less, causing leakage."

Also, the paragraph under "Recommenda-
tions," Mr. Hanegan would begin with the
words, " For local shipping, we prefer," etc.

A Big Texas Honey-Yarn

A story in the Youth's Companion, telling
some things about vast quantities of wild
honey down in Texas, causes a member of the
American Bee .Journal family to write:

"I would like to know whether honey made
by wild bees is really produced in the United
States in the large quantities stated. If so,
it would be an item of great interest to honey-
producers."

A river — Double Mountain River — iiows
through a canyon for 30 miles, according to
the story, and —

... .'the entire canyon was one vast apiary,
where wild bees have existed and gathered
sweets for centuries. They are in such num-
bers as sometimes on certain bright days to
resemble clouds high up the crags, and they
fill the canyon with a voluminous hum."
" There were hundreds of these wild-bee col-
onies, whose enormous masses of comb and
honey were adhering in sheltered chasms and
beneath overhangs of the rock. A number
of caverns, too, extending far back into the
cliff, have been utilized as great storehouses
of comb by the bees. Not one swarm alone
occupies such a cave, but .50 perhaps, or 100
swarms, each having its own queen, but all
using the mouth of the cavern as a common
entrance." Two men made a business for
years of harvesting the product, and " it was
their custom to send a wagon-load of honey
and wax down to the railroad station, 30 miles
distant, once a fortnight, and sometimes in
good weather once a week."

Really, there is nothing new in this; it's
the old story that has been going the rounds
of the press, only in the present instance it
has the redeeming feature that it is given as
fiction, not fact; yet it seems a reputable
story-writer might come a little nearer to
originality of conception.

There is, however, a fresh touch given to
the picture in one spot: "But the most
copious stores were at greater heights.
300, and even 300 feet above the river-
bed. When seen from below, the mass of
comb looked no larger than bacon hams, but
when reached was found to amount to several
barrels of honey." How's that; Think of a
ham-shaped mass containing several barrels
of honey, and all hanging out exposed to full
sight !

As a matter of fact, no bee-keeper has ever
found any such bonanza in Texas any more
than in New York, and the story could as
well be told of New York as Texas, only that
parts of Texas are as yet less known.

"The Honey-Monev Stories."— This

IS a 64-page-and-cover booklet, 5%x8J^ inches
in size, printed on enameled paper, entitled,
" The Honey-Money titoriua." The C(Jver has
a picture of a sectiou of comb honey, W.,
inches square, the com') i sing in gold-bronze',
which gives it a very tturaotive appearance.
Then on the gold-bron/i- comb are printed
these words: "From Jli.uey to Health, and
from Health to Money. '
It is edited by Earl }.!. I'ratt, and contains

a variety of short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about honey
and its use. The manufactured comb honey
misrepresentation is contradicted in two
items, each occupying a full page, but in dif-
ferent parte of the booklet. It lias in all 31
halftone illustrations, nearly all of them being
of apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also con-
tains 3 bee-songs, namely, " The Hum of the
Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom," " Buckwheat
Cakes and Honey," and an entirely new one,
called, "The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby." This
last song has not been published before. The
songs alone ought to be worth more than the
price of the whole thing.

It is a booklet that should by placed in the
hands of everybody not familiar with the

food value of honey, for its main object is to
interest people in honey as a daily table arti-
cle. It is thought that it will be just the
thing to sell on railroad passenger trains, on
news stands, etc. The stories and items are
all so short and helpful, and the pictures so
beautiful, that it likely will be kept by any
one who is so fortunate as to get a copy of it.
Its postpaid price is only 25 cents, but the
health-value of its contents would run up into
dollars. We mail 5 copies for .*1.00, or club
it with the American Bee Journal — both tor
$1.10. It would be very nice for a gift to a
friend. Send us a six months' new subscrip-
tion for the American Bee Journal with 5(1
cents, and we will mail you a copy of "The
Honey-Money Stories " free as a premium.

r

VCixscdXamoxxs Hctps 3tem5

v=

J

The Bee-Hive is the name of the official
organ of the Maccabees of the world. It is
published in Michigan. At the head of an
advertising circular its publishers are sending
out there is a picture of a section of honey 2'',
inches high by 5'-, inches wide, on the comb
of which are three bees, and the following
suspended sign :

" How doth the little busy bee
Improve each blessed minute.

He gathers honey all the day
Because there's money in it."

All right except there isn't much money in
the honey gathered by the '^ he " bees. Like
the Indian squaws, the " she's " do the work
of the field and the hive.

A Daily Colony-Record. — On the first
page appears a picture of a colony of bees on
scales, and also a view of comb honey, both
belonging to Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, of Kal-
kaska Co., Mich. He also furnishes the fol-
lowing in reference to them ;

The 37 sections of comb honey shown are a
little more than one-third of the product of
one colony, the colony filling 90 sections. The
method of procedure was as follows: June
1, 1904, I placed over a colony in an 8- frame
Langstroth hive a super containing 30 sec-
tions, ?i%\5xV .. ; on June 10 I shook the col-
ony into a shallow hive which contained 8
frames, 7''^xl6i4 inches, the same having
starters about one inch deep. At the time
of the shaking the super was removed from
the parent colony and placed on the new hive
over a queen-excluder. The brood-chamber
of the parent colony was then placed on the
new hive above the super where it remained
for 8 days, when it was removed and a super
added. A few days later a third super was
given. The 90 sections averaged 1.5) ._, ounces.

I have had 22 years' experience in bee-keep-
ing. The method of " shook " swarms is a
very good one for comb honey. The present
season (1905) I have worked 30 colonies on
the 0. H. Townsend method of producing
both comb and extracted honey in the same
super, with very good results. I shall plan
to have a goodly number of combs drawn
from foundation in shallow frames during the
flow this fall, to be used in comb-honey
supers next season. This being the first time
the dimensions of uiy brood-frame have ap-
peared in the American Bee Journal, I will
not be svirprised to tse it criticised. For 6
years I have used i iiis shallow frame, and
now have more than iJO colonies on it. Hav-
ing so many goad i jints in its favor, we are
discarding the Langs -oth frame.

A da:i.y

tl.ONY-REOOKD.

For 20 years I ha'.e placed on a scale a col-
ony during the harv st of white honey. It

affords mn much pleasure to note from day to
day the gain in pounds of honey. By placing
an average colony on the scales one can
easily estimate the amount of honey stored
per day in the apiary.

I find here in northern Michigan, where the
bees are gathering from red raspberry from 6
to 10 pounds per day, the shrinkage is about
one-seventh. This is much less than the
shrinkage of basswood or clover. I find bass-
wood shrinks about one-fourth, and clover
one-fifth.

The following figures represent my average

per colony, spring count, in the home apiary

for a period of five years, beginning with

1900 :

Year. No. Cols. Aver, per Col.

1900, 45 107 lbs.

1901, 56 136 "

1902, 93 103 "

1903, 126 109 "

1904, 130 61 "

The net annual yield per colony for a period
of 5 years was 101 1-6 pounds.

A daily colony-record beginning June 4,
1901, and closing July 17, showed the fol-
lowing, the scale being balanced .Iune4. at
76> . pounds:

Lbs.

Gain.

Lbs.

Gaia.

June 5, 78K.

.. 2

June 27, 258 . .

. 7

" 6, 81 .

.. 2>.,-

((

28, 263 .

. D

" 7, 84%.

. . 3?i

(C

29, 3671., . .

. 4K

" 8, S9%.

.. 5

"

30, 270 . .

. 21^

" 9, 96 .

.. 634-

July

1,2731...

. 3J-.

" 10, 108 .

. . (

*»

2,377^..

. 4

" 12, U9Ji;.

..16>^

((

3,280 .

. 2M

" 13, 130 .

..101,;

t(

4, 284 . .

. 4

" 14, 144 .

..14

IL

5, 290 . .

. 6

" 15, 148 .

.. 4

((

6, 395 . .

. 5

" 16, 151 .

.. 3

(t

7,303 .

. 7

" 17, 156 .

. . o

((

8, 309K.

. VA

" 18, 1683^ .

..12J^

(I

9, 316 .

. 61.;

" 19, 178 .

.. 91.,

'*

10,3321;.

. 614

" 20, 196i/f.

..18H

"

11. 326 .

. 'A'A

" 31,214 .

..17M

(I

13, 329H.

. 31.

" 22,225 .

..11

'(

13,333 .

. Si4

" 23, 234 .

.. 9

(I

14, 3:35 .

" 24, 240 .

. . 0

"

15,3341.;.

1 ,

" 25, 245 .

.. 5

"

16, 335 .

. ■■.

" 26,2.51 .

.. 6

((

17,3373^..

. 23.,

From the above colony I extracted 244
pounds. Geo. H. Kirkpatrick.

Dividing " Stands." •

exchanges we read of a
"divided 4 stands," and'
stands that are working

- In one of our
bee-keeper who
now has S strong
in the supers.''

Let's see, a " stand " is the frame or base on
which the bee-hive rests, thus keeping it
raised from the ground. So a certain bee-
keeper divided 4 of such stands and afterward
had S stands working in the supers. Wonder
how he got a " stand " into a " super !" And
also how he induced a " stand " to work there
Perhaps some one can explain.

1

Sept. 7, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

631

4^ (£ontrtbutcb ^-
Special Ctrticles

^

J

Importation of Bees by Our Government

BV FHOK. A. .1. COOK

I AM sure that all the most enterprising bee-keepers of o\ir
country read with a thrill of pleasure that at last our Gov-
ernment had decided to send to the Orient in search of nfw
races and species of bees, in the hope that we might reap
advantage from their introduction. There has been for years
a desire amonfj our best bee-keepers that something might be
done in this line. Mr. Benton, from his wide and successful
experience in the past, is probably the best equipped man for
this service in the whole world. We may hope that in the in-
troduction of the Macroapis, and very possibly other species or
natural races of the genus Apis, we shall gain a substantial
advantage.

There are two ways that we may hope for improvement. We
may reasonably expect an additional amount of honey. This
is probably what has influenced those who have been urging
for years the introduction of Macroapis dorsata. Hut there
is another even more important advantage possibly to be
gained in the introduction of new races. We l^now that we
need the common native bumble-bee to aid us in securing a
full seed-crop of red clover. We know that the scarcity of
bumble-bees in the early season makes the first crop of red
clover worthless in the seed-production. But do we know
that we ever get a full crop of this valuable seed ? Is it not
more than probable that with more extensive cross-])oIlination
the red clover might always seed better and give a fuller yield '?
In the introduction of new races and species, we will very
likely not only secure nectar that now goes to waste, but we
will quite likely introduce bees that will work on flowers now
unvisited, and in so doing will greatly appreciate production.
The farmers of Illinois and Iowa are jubilant over the fact
that through the breeding of a better kind of seed-corn, their
crop is materially increased the country over, for this means
millions of dollars to the country each year. A very slight
increase in seed-production of any of our valuable stable crops
would have like influence. It is just here that this matter of
cross-pollination should appeal to us all, and should make us
the ready advocates of just such enterprises as the Govern-
ment has now undertaken in our behalf.

STINGLE8S BEES.

It comes to my knowledge that there is some talk of the
Introduction into our country of species of Melipona and
Trigona — the stingless bees of Mexico, Central and South
America. I am greatly In favor of the carrying out of this
project. I have very little faith that these bees will ever be-
come a matter of commercial importance in the production of
honey. I also am absolutely without faith that these bees
will cross with our present bees, and so give us an improved
hybrid. They are so absolutely different in anatomy and
physiology from Aphis that we can hardly hope for a success-
ful cross. Indeed, I have no expectation that this can occur.
But the point I made above, that a greater variety of bees
will cause more visits to more flowers, I think may safely be
depended upon.

There can hardly bo a question but what cross-pollination
will be more generally effected with every increase of spciies
of bee among us. In our massing of great numbers of plants
we have so broken In upon the equilibrium of Nature that we
can not be too intent in reaching out to effect In every possible
way a greater amount of cross-pollination.

A tremendous gain has been made in the scattering of
apiaries throughout the land ; may we not hope foracluse
second in Importance in the introduction of new species a luj
varieties of bees now foreign to us? Thus it was that ! was
pleased to learn from Dr. E. S. Phillips, of the Agricultural
Department, that an effort was being made to Induce the
Government to Introduce these stingless bees from the regi'u
south of us.

GOVERNSfENT APIARY AT WASHINGTON.

I am sure our readers will be glad to learn that one of t) .■
prominent features on the fine, beautiful lawn of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture at Washington, is a handsomely arranei'd

and quite large apiary. Does it not show great good sense on
the part of the Department of Agriculture to recognize the
importance of the honey-bee, and the value which comes from
very numerous apiaries scattered throughout the country ?
What could the Government do to show more surely Its hand
in these matters than the putting of this apiary where every
visitor of the Department must ste It as he approaches the
main building ? I acknowledge a little more pride, happi-
ness, and patriotism, as I noted this index of broad-minded-
ness at our capital.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

I greatly doubt If any department of the Government
receives more hearty commendation from other countries than
does the Department of Agriculture at Washington. I feel
equally sure that there Is nowhere else In the world a more
able body of honest, unselfish, efficient investigators than may
be found in this Department of our Government. The re-
search work being carried on is of the very highest order.
The results already gained are of tremendous importance in
an economic way to our people. This research work is being
carried on in a very broad way. Empirical methods are giv-
ing way to scientific processes, and the results that are
being obtained are in many cases fairly revolutionary. I have
rarely ever enjoyed more satisfaction, or experienced better
appreciation of genuine service than I have felt the last few
days as I have gone through the various departments and
noted the magnificent work that is being turned out here.

SECRKTAEY JAMES WILSON.

Not a little of the excellence just referred to comes from
the fact that we have a grand type of a man at the head of
the Department. Brought up on a farm. Secretary Wilson
is thoroughly alive to the obstacles and necessities of the
farm. He is thoroughly in sympathy with the man with the
plow, and is intensely interested in whatever will make the
work of the farm more pleasant and productive. Those who
know him best are fully persuaded that his honesty and dis-
interestedness fully equal his longing to make the Department
in the highest degree efficient. He has worked very success-
fully to get the very best men to be found throughout the
world to take charge of this valuable research work. As sug-
gested above, these men have rare qualifications for the dif-
ficult tasks which confront them.

It is exceedingly unfortunate that the idea of "graft " in
the Agricultural Department has so recently come to the
front. It is the general belief of those who are best prepared
to judge that the men in this work, and some of those who
are under censure, are really philanthropists. It is also be-
lieved that they are absolutely innocent In the matter charged
against them. We have all "been very pleased and grateful
for the discovery by Prof. Moore. We have appreciated the
fact that the value of this discovery came to us as a free gift.
I am glad to report that in my talks with those who know
Prof. Moore best, I have found a universal belief that ho is
absolutely innocent of any Intention to wrong the Government.

There is no doubt at all but that these matters will all be
probed to the very bottom. Surely, no one In the country can
be more interested than Secretary Wilson and the President,
that every department of our Government should be absolutely
clean. We may rest assured that no guilty man will escape.
I feel very certain that the number of such will be found very
small. Indeed, the work of the scientist tends to preclude
peculation. In the meantime, let us all withhold judgment
and do our part to prevent these aspersions which are as mis-
chievous as they are uncalled for.

I

How Bees Build Cells with Exactness "

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER

N the American Bee .fournal for July 6, there appears an
article by G. M. Doolittle. which contains the following
remarkable statements :

"The question is asked, 'How
once on the edge of combs where it
giving them the common curvatun-
as is found in the comb of the ho
direct malhematical work is done
bee has a square or rule to nieasur-_
All who have observed the anteuu i
is a joint in each, out toward Its
which is 5 cells to the inch, this join
when the antenn.ie thus closed arc m
bead, the folded joints just touch
bee is enabled to work in harmoi

can so many insects occupied at
is dark, as in a bee-hive, concur in
from one extremity to the other,
ney-bee?' It is supposed that this

by actual measurement, as each
oy, in the shape of the antenns.
of the honey-bee know that there

end. In building worker-comb,
t is closed like a jack-knife, so that
Lsightened oat on each side of the
lie walls of the cell, and tlius each

vith every other bee io the hive.

632

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 7, 191 5

and we have every cell of worker-comb as nearly exact as the average
carpenter can make a duplicate of the work of another carpenter.

■' In building drone-comb the antennfe are straightened out fully
straight, so that they touch the walls of the cell when fully extended
at the extreme outside points, and by so doing larger cells are made,
or those numbering 4 cells to the inch, which is the size of cells in
drone-comb; and these areas uniform as to size as are those of the
worker-pattern. In this we see the wisdom of a kind Providence,
which placed within the bee an instinctive capacity as great, according
to its wants, as is the reasoning capacity in man."

Nothing could be further from the facts. If the bees
were dependent upon the two sections of antennie as described
by Mr. D. for the measurement of their work, they would be
sorely handicapped, for their are several dimensions to the
cells besides distance between parallel walls. Also, there are
the accommodation cells- which lie between drone and worker
comb, and between comb and its supports, cells in curved and
crooked combs, all of which vary from any regular comb cells.

These facts should be enough to make any one pause be-
fore hazarding the theory of a two-section measure on the
bee's head. There is, however, a still more palpable reason
for discrediting the statement made, and that is, that the bees
do not have a folding joint near the outer end of the antenn;e.
The antenna of a viorker consists of 12 sections : the first
section called the scape, which is the part next to the head,
and is about a third of the length of the whole. The other 11
sections make a slightly flexible rod known as the flagellum.
The only place in which the autenn;e can be folded, or even
bent to an angle of any consequence, is at the junction of the
scape and the fiagellum. So slight is the movement between
the sections composing the flagellum that the ordinary ob-
server considers it a simple straight rod. The antenna is
articulated to the head by a sort of ball-and-socket joint which
gives it great freedom of movement.

There are also other facts which are at variance with Mr.
D.'s statement. The total spread of a worker's antennie is
approximately three-eighths of an inch, while drone-cells are
only one-quarter of an inch wide. The total spread between
the ends of the scapes — the only place where the antennie can
be folded — approximates but an eighth of an inch, while a
worker-cell is one-fifth of an inch wide.

Furthermore, bees when at work do not use their an-
tenna'spread out, but the two tips are brought close to the
material the mandibles are working — a fact plain to the most
casual observer. Providence Co.. R. I.

Odors Among Bees— Some Experiments

Translated from " The Bulletin de la ISocieir Romande If Apiculture''^

BY C. P. DADANT

(Contluaed from pag^e 567)

ON April 25, ray colony No. 11 had already a number of
hatched drones, and it was this one which I selected for
the first experiment. After having carefully washed my
hands two or three times over, so as to remove odor entirely,
I caught about 10 drones at the time of their return to the
hive. The pulp I made out of them by crushing them was
used in rubbing ray hands and wrists ; then, immediately
afterwards, I proceeded to open the hive without smoke and
without jar, doing nothing that might stir the bees to an in-
vestigation. The result was beyond my expectations; not
only I was not stung, but the bees ran over my hands as on
their combs, without any hostile demonstrations. The visit
lasted half an hour, and It was only towards the end of this
time that the bees began to show signs of disquiet and inten-
tions of stinging. I had found there a very good apifuge, and
at low cost.

The same experiment, repeated the following day with
colony No. 5, gave the same results, only this visit was shorter,
for I had another project to put in aciion. After having
closed the hive, and revived the smell of its drones on my
hands by crushing a fe.v more, I ininiediately opened another
hive, No. 7 — a colony of common bees of remarkable gentle-
ness. What I had foreseen happened : as soon as the hive
was opened, and my hands came in contact with the insects, I
was assailed and stung about 20 times in the space of a few
seconds.

April 29, No. 12 was again visited without stings ; then
doing as I had done three days previously I opened No. 17, but
even though I used „ little smoke, as is usually done, I was
copiously treated wit!, venom by the irritated insects.

These experiments were repeated the following days on
other colonies, and th^ rtsults, although not always as conclu-
sive, were nevertheless satisfactory. Some trials were, how-

ever, completely negative — a fact which I believed must be
attributed to causes which I will mention further.

At several times, after having visited a colony with the
greatest success, I moistened ray hands (but without having
previously washed them) with juice of drones taken from some
other colony which I intended to examine also. But whether
it was the first odor which irritated the bees, whether it was
the mixture of the two odors, or something else still, I do not
know, the stings were always numerous. It was only by
washing my hands carefully between the visits to each hive,
then giving them the odor of the colony to be visited that I
could manipulate the insects without being rewarded by a
number of stings.

We must conclude from this that the bees, like ants, have
a perspiration of a particular nature, also similar to that of
ants differing in odor from one colony to another, and that it
is this odor which guides them, especially when they try to
recognize one another. .

When bees are taken from any hive, washed with greatly
diluted alcohol (which may be done easily by taking them by
the wings), and returned to the alighting-board of their own
hive, they are not accepted ; several have even been killed,
under my eyes. If after having washed them with alcohol
they are washed with the juice of drones from another hive,
and presented to the bees of that other hive, they are always
welcomed there.

I had gone this far with my trials, when an absence of
10 days caused me to interrupt them. It is useless to tell you
that, "during that time, 1 was constantly thinking about the
experiments made, and the fruits that might be reaped from
them. It came to my mind to try whether, in proceeding thus,
it would not be possible to introduce into the colonies some
fertile queens.

So, May 20, 1 began again with the determination to sac-
rifice a few queens, if necessary, in case my trials were un-
successful. Those queens would, after all, be easily replaced,
for in my absence colony No. 2 had swarmed unexpectedly,
and had supplied us with three young and beautiful queens,
lodged in nuclei while waiting for something better.

Towards 2 p.m. I removed without trouble the 2-year-old
queens of Nos. 19 and 25. Then after having washed the
queen of 19. and having covered her copiously with drone-
juice from No. 25, she was piaced at the entrance of that hive.
At sight of her, the bees made neither happy nor hostile
demonstrations, and she passed among them and entered the
hive.

The same operation was made with the other queen, and
scarcely any bees noticed her entrance. These 2 queen
changes had lasted only about an hour, and the bees did not
seem to notice that they had been at any time queenless.

Until then all was well, but what was to be the fate of
those 2 queens'? I could not make sure of this until the fol-
lowing day. That day, as well as several following days, the
weather was bad, so my visit had to be put off till the 25th,
that is 5 days after the exchange. But in visiting these 2
hives at that time, I had the satisfaction of noting, de visu,
the presence of the 2 queens in the hives. They had there-
fore been accepted without any difficulty — nay, the bees had
not noticed the substitution. The laying was not even inter-
rupted, for there were eggs in both hives which could only
have been laid by the new queens.

At the time of putting into winter quarters of those 2 col-
onies, the populations were vigorous, and I have no doubt
that they fared well through the winter.

My exchanges of queens were limited to this trial, in spite
of my intention of continuing them, for I still had many
points to examine. How did the queens and the bees disport
themselves, an hour or a few hours after introduction ?

I have said that it happened to me to be stung in spite of
the drone-juice with which my hands had been rubbed. This
happened first on a day when the wind was blowing violently,
probably rapidly removing the smell from my hands. The same
thing happened in very hot days, when the bees were naturally
ill-disposed. There is therefore room for more experiments
on this point.

I intend to continue these experiments, as much as my
leisure will permit, for I can not holtf as absolutely conclu-
sive those made the past summer. But to give them more
value, I desire the bee-keepers who may have the leisure, to
continue them with me; their co-operation is necessary, for
the more numerous the trials will be the better we can recog-
nize their value, and the better we can base our expectations
on their utility. If success crowns our efforts, it will be
I another step towards the successful introduction of queens.
I How will the colonies behave that have been drone-laying

; for a certain lapse of time, or those having had a bad temper?
j If the method succeeds with one race (my colonies are common

Sept. 7, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURJ>AL

633

bees, or bees mixed with Italians or Cariiiolans), will it suc-
ceed with others? Thus many points are to be examimd
with the greatest care by a number of trials.

We must not doubt that there will be some failures, per-
haps numerous ; we would be very fortunate should it prove
otherwise. But experimenters must not lie discouraged by
failures, but must not fail to repeat their experiments, regis-
tering carefully the results obtained, together with the atmos-
pheric conditions, the character and condition of the bees —
in a word, all that may have influence upon the experiments.
It would be well, at the beginning, to make the experiments
on fair days with prosperous and quiet colonies, while the
bees are at work. Progressively, the experiments may be ex-
tended to the different colonies, whether gentle or cross, and
in all sorts of weather.

The results obtained will be the more positive, with muti-
lated experiments, and I am sure that the friendly and
devoted readers of our little Bulletin will gladly welcome the
communications that will be made upon the subject.

Moudon, Feb. 18 L. Forestikr.

^

(£oni^cntton
Proccebings

J

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, ill.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

[Continued from page 617.J
CASH FOR PROOF OF ADULTERATED COMB HONEY

Mr. Dadant — A gentleman over here spoke a while ago.
He thought it was not advisable to let people know that there
is foundation in combs. The question is only whether we
shall allow the people to keep on believing a lie or tell them
the plain truth. We do put foundation in our honey. In fact
we cannot get straight sections without putting foundation
in it. If we explain that we must explain to them we put
foundation in the bottom. It is nothing to be ashamed of.
Why not tell them that rather than allow them to believe a
lie, for fear of telling them that honey-comb is manufactured
and sealed over? I have never seen a lady, delicate as she
may be, that was not willing to take a piece of that founda-
tion and chew it. If they are willing to do that they are
willing to eat the honey that is made on that foundation.

Mr. Horstmann — I think each bee-keeper is responsible
for his own neighborhood. I don't agree with Mr. Wheeler.
I believe you should e.xplain to them the use of the founda-
tion and why you use it. I will take people right into my
bee-house and show them sections before they are bent and
put together : show them the strips of foundation before they
are put in : show them the machine I use for putting the
foundation in, and for fastening it ; show them how I fix up
the supers : shows them how I put .it on the hives ; show
them the bees working, and then guarantee to everybody that
my honey will be absolutely pure. If they find any adultera-
tion I will give them $100, and also pay for the analysis. I want
people to be fully satisfied when they buy honey from nic
that they are getting it pure. I have never had to take ,'iny
honey to a wholesale house ; I have always been able to >rll
it at home.

Mr. Wheeler — I am afraid I was misunderstood. I lia\c
been selling honey a good many years. I aim to sell as n:uch
honey with as little work as possible. It would be a pretty
hard job for me to explain to every customer who buys ,i
pound of honey all about it. but I tell you one thing th.it
proved to me very strongly that the idea of foundation w\\\
against the people. I have used for ten years a split secn^ai
that showed the foundation on four sides. I put in four secti "i-
in a row, put sheets of foundation through the middle .^n-
sheet of foundation running the full length of the secti. m.
and when I got ready to case up those sections I pulled tl;
sections out and scraped the foundation off and went al-. .' '
and cased it up. A great many objected to that foundaia •!..
All they saw was the foundation sticking out. The gr^a •• i \
men say, "I wish you would let me have sections that ar; i
split; my customers object to those split sections." The coi.
sequence was I quit for the present using them. It is a ver>
convenient section the best kind of section in the world ' ■

get filled out, but I had to cater to the trade and I did it
just for that reason, no other, simply because people saw
that foundation and they said, "Well, that looks as if it was
manufactured; I am a little afraid of it."

Mr. Kimmey — I would like to ask some of these prac-
tical men when they speak of foundation drawn out what pro-
portion of foundation is used in honey? I speak now of sec-
tion honey ; such as is produced by Dr. Miller's bees.

Dr. Miller — That will depend largely on the foundation
itself.

Mr. Kimmey — Take the thin surolus foundation .
Dr. Mill er — I should say that the thin foundation is
drawn out perhaps an eighth of an inch.

Mr. Kimmey — I will confess I was one of those persons
for two years who firmly believed honey was manufactured — ■
comb honey, everything by macliinery. I heard it so often.
I knew so many things that I firmly believed the comb honey
capping and everything was manufactured. I have found out
differently since, but I have found out also that the founda-
tion is manufactured. I can't say it is to the detriment of
anybody, and I don't believe in trying to deceive or fool any-
body.

Mr. Bacon — When you come right down to it, foundation
is not manufactured ; it is pure beeswa.x and is merely pressed
out ; it is originally made by the bees.

Mr. Kimmey — If you can manufacture the full comb and
fill it with the pure article, that is absolutely pure; it is just
as good as though made by your bees.

Mr. Meredith — I would like to have Mr. Dadant and Mr.
Root give their opinion of how much of the medium or light
brood can be drawn out in the shape of foundation.

Mr. Dadant — If you give foundation and the bees are not
too much in a hurry they will draw it nearly entirely into
comb. There is a great difference ii? the result between when
the bees are in a hurry and when they are not. If they are
in a hurry and they have plenty of wax they will add to the
foundation without drawing it much. They will always work
the foundation over. They have changed the shape of it ;
they have changed it to suit themselves. They always thin it
a little if they have plenty. I suppose you understand that
clearly. Of course it is according to the grades of foundation,
vou have thicker or thinner combs both in' the midrib and
also in the wall. The first is always the best for comb honey.
What we call extra-thin we have always considered the best
for starters or sheets in the supers. I think very little of
that will go into the cell-wall. It will nearly all remain in
the midrib because it is so very thin. Therefore, I want
to advise people to use the very thinnest for their sections.
But when you come to medium and light brood, it is out of
the question to furnish that to people for consumption. You
will have a heavy midrib in either case. I am afraid too
many people use that and create a sentiment against the
foundation. But better have a sentiment against the founda-
tion, which we must all know and acknowledge to be there,
than to let them believe that your honey is manufactured
comb honey, and sealed over with a hot iron, as so many
believe. The great trouble is they don't look and don't
rely on their palates. The car-loads of honey that come in
from the West are largely responsible for that. It is very
nice and white, and it looks as if it had never been on a
hive, to anybody who does mat know. But anybody who
will look at the honey, and anybody who can be told that no
two sections are alike, will readily understand that it cannot
be manufactured. Because, if we were to manufacture them
we could not make every comb different from every other
comb.

Pres. York — It has been suggested we write for our local
papers. I want to say that a few weeks ago my attention
was called to a statement about manufactured comb honey
in one of the papers that has perhaps several hundred thou-
sand readers. I wrote the editor asking him to make the
correction, and he replied that he believed comb honey was
manufactured, but if he found utherwise he would correct it.
A few weeks later I received another letter from him saying
he had discovered it was not true, and he would correct it.
I wrote him at once and thanked him for his intention to
make the correction. I also sai<l if he wished I would write
him an article, and got a letter in a few days saying he
would be glad to have me write an article of eight himdred
or a thousand words, and I have just written the article. It
may have been a little presumption on my part to offer that,
but I think it was all right, and I think the rest of us
can do the same thing. Whenever you see anything about
honey that is wrong, ask for the correction of it, and offer ,
to write an article. .Continued next week

634

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 7, 190S

2Tti\ pasty's (Iftcrtl^ou^l^ts

=^

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By K. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

J

OLD COMBS FOR WINTERING BEES.

The importance of old comb and long es-
tablished colony when winter conditions are
hard is strongly brought out by Mr. Becker's
experience. The old colonies in old hives
mostly went through in good order ; while of
10 in new hives (presumably new colonies
also) only one saw spring, and that perished
before spring was over. Between the layers
of silk in the bottom of a cell are films of
dried stuff that can be used as a sort of food.
Although honey is the main food in winter,
there still seems to be need of a small amount
of nitrogenous food different from honey —
and the bees get it by chewing up these films.
I think that more than half the reason why a
new colony and hive is apt to fare poorly
when wintering, is because the number of
films in a cell is small, and in too many of the
cells none at all. Page 4',I0.

COMB FOUNDATION IN AMERICA AND EUROPE.

Mankind can give bees several laps and yet
beat them in the "locality" queerness.
Locality Europe and they won't have Weed
process foundation. Locality America and
they won't have anything else. Perhaps they
know more about the Weed process than
most of us are allowed to — else know less, and
fib against it. Let's see— were we not told
once that the Weed process did not work with
impure wax? If that is the fact, naturally
those European makers, who mostly adul-
terate, would feel inclined to lie it down.
Fifty-seven and a half tons of foundation in
one year is certainly a grand record for the
Dadants. Page .502.

OLD AND TOUNG BEES IN THE COLONY.

In his article on page 504, Mr. Doolittle
starts ideas that are not as familiar to' the
most of us as they ought to be. We can take
away all the old bees of a colony without de-
stroying it. Younger bees will go the fields
jn their stead. But will they not bring

smaller loads and fewer of them — and so the
damage to the colony be much greater than
we thought? We can take away all the
young bees and make the field-bees stay at
home and nurse brood. But will it not take
twice as many of them to digest pollen enough
for a given number of young? Presumably
they quit breeding and went to the fields
partly because their pollen-digesting powers
were failing. And it is known to conduce to
poor queens to be reared by old bees.

" SHOOK " SWARMING AND DIVIDING.

The Northwesteners seem to have gotten
dreadfully mixed when they tried to discuss
" shook " swarming — majority of them talk-
ing about some form of dividing. Dividing
is dividing; and "shook" swarming is
" shook" swarming. Nothing is entitled to
the latter name unless it is a tolerably close
counterfeit of natural swarming. I guess we
shall have to be broad enough to admit that
there are two kinds. In the closest imitation
we manufacture a cluster in a bos or elsewise
and then carry it away and hive it just as we
would a natural swarm. In the less close
imitation we carry away the combs and some
of the bees, and let the " shook " continue to
occupy the old stand. Page 505.

TIME OF BABY-BEES' DINING.

There's a laugh hid in Missouri's Ques. 5,
on page 505. What the innocent child really
wants to know is the meal hours for bee-
babies — whether they dine at 12, like working-
folks, or at 5 like aristocrats, or at 9 like the
public celebration dinner.

QUEENS LAYING SEVERAL BGGS IN A l^UBEN-
CELL.

And so a good queen has been known to
lay three eggs in a queen-cell — consequently
it isn't always laying workers that do that
sort of thing. Thanks for the evidence. Miss
■Wilson. Page b07.

r

K.

®ur BecKcepincj Sisters

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Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bee-Keeping for Women— When

Not Advisable— Success and

Failure

But while I thus advocate bee-keeping for
certain classes of women, as intimated in a
preceding article, I do not advocate it for all
women under any and all circumstances.
The woman whose time is already taken
up with other work should not take upon
herself in addition the care of an apiary.
This is for both her own and her family's
sake, for should she do so she will surely
overtax her strength and unfit herself for her
higher mission, or she \s\\\ neglect either her
family or her bees. Kau^ily and home were
meant to, and should, occupy the first place
in every woman's heart, therefore she is not
justiflea, unless actually compelled by need
or lack of health, tu undertake anything
which will absorb lime and strength needed
indoors. For these reasons I do not advocate
bee-keeping for women with large families, at
any rate unless the various members are able
and willing to assioi i;... ■•ially.

: say " willing,'' s.;, 11 as able, for it
scuetimes happens the; a woman who is
favorably situated in evtiiy other way, and
who has an earnest am' 'on to engage in

sponsible. Any one who has attained any
measure of success in any line of work, has
gained increased confidence in, and greater
respect for, his or her ability, and is therefore
better able to cope with the problems of life.
On the other hand, those who accept failure
are made weaker and less capable. Not only
does failure degrade one in one's own estima-
tion, but in that of one's neighbors as well.
This is possibly more true of women's efforts
than of men's, although the same may be said
of both. But women, as money-earners, are
more conspicuous figures than men, conse-
quently results are more marked and more
strongly commented upon. Knowing these
things, then, let every woman who goes into
the field take with her energy, enthusiasm,
and a determination to succeed.

But as said before, success and failure
affect the standing of any industry, especially
in the immediate locality where it was made.
Where one succeeds more will follow, and
bee-keeping is an occupation worthy of the
efforts of the most capable. Not only is it
productive of health, but is capable of bring-
ing into any community where it may be fol-
lowed extensively, prosperity and compara-
tive wealth. Women are not less responsible
than men ; let us therefore give to our indus-
try our best efforts, and endeavor to win for
it, as well as for ourselves, the respect and
appreciation of all observers.

Mrs. Millie Honaker.

Vernon Co., Wis.

bee-keeping, is oppostd by husband or some
other member of the family because of preju-
dice against the bees, or for some other
reason. Such a woman should not, until she
can overcome all opposition by agreeable
means, engage in the work. Domestic peace
and harmony are worth far more to any
woman than anything she would be able to
obtain from bee-keeping without them.
Besides, much hard work is involved, enough
to make it a hard pull alone at the best, and
altogether too hard when it must be under-
taken in oppositiuD to one's family. In
manipulating and cellaring, in extracting and
marketing, and at various other times, a
woman will find herself hampered by lack of
strength or resources ; whereas, if the mem-
I bers of her family stand ready to lend her
such assistance as I'^^y can, both mental and
physical burden will i^e greatly lightened.

But while I have placed a woman's duty to
her family an J herself above all other things
as a barrier to her v aging in bee-keeping,
she should also con der that something is
due to the enterprise or its own sake, there-
fore she shouM -,it mbark in it unless pre-
pared to make ii .. v^ess as far as she may.
But it should firsr ij , aid that while success
or failure affects the : .nding of any industry,
it affects it far lets • .n it does the one re-

Ttae Yellow and the White Sweet
Clover

Dear Miss Wilson: — I have had a sort of
guilty feeling for some time as the American
Bee Journal came to hand so regularly, to
think that it is so long since I have had a
word to say to my confreres. There has been
no lack of interest on my part, and many
things have called for comment of one kind
or another.

I noticed in a recent number that J. A.
Green, of Colorado, says that yellow sweet
clover blooms 15 days in advance of the white.
I am at a loss to account for the difference
between his location and mine. Here there is
a }ii(,nth's difference in the time of their
blooming. The yellow comes into bloom early
in .June, with perhaps a scattering blossom or
two late in May. Here it is about the Fourth
of July when the white may be said to be in
bloom. I wouldlike to hear from some others
who have both kinds.

The bees are rushing things here just now,
as they always do when the lieartsease comes.
They are losing no time, consequently I am
rushed, too.

I have a nice hammock in the shade, but it
is empty most of the time. I am glad to see
that the editor gets off occasionally so that he
can tell us about the " big men," and, inci-
dentally, have "a good time."

(Mrs.) a. L. Amos.

Custer Co., Nebr., Aug. 16.

Experiments in Wax-Secretion

Experiments reported in L'Apiculteur
showed that a swarm of '20,000 bees builds
about UlOO grams of comb in the first 4 days.
Estimating that ^4 of the bees at work secre-
ting, that makes each bee secrete .0000376 of a
pound of wax in a day. At that rate it would
take a bee 26,595 days to secrete a pound, or
26,595 bees to secrete a pound in one day. —
[These are interesting figures; but another
set of experiments might show quite a wide
variation from these, owing to different con-
ditions. Different experimenters have arrived
at widely different results as to the number of
pounds of honey it requires to make a pound
of wax, the highest figures being 30 lbs., and
ihe lowest between 5 and 0. But for all that,
the general average of experiments of late has
been between 6 and 7 pounds. It would be
interesting to know how near the figures you
furnish are to the general average. Perhaps
the new apicultural department at Washing-
ton, with its fine corps of workers, will be
able to eliminate many of our guess approxi-
mate figures, and substitute therefor those
that are reasonably accurate. — Ed.] — Glean-
ings in Bee Culture.

Sept, 7, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

635

f

Doctor ITHUcr's ^ucstion^Sox

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Send QuestioDS either to the office of the Americau Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marenpo, 111.

^^ Dr. Miller does iu>t answer Questions by mail.

Jf

Treatment of a Weak Colony-
ins Bees

Loaf-

1. How will it do to set a weak colony on
the stand of a strong one, and the strong one
on the stand of the weak one? Or, would it
be best to give the weak colony brood and bees
from the strong onel

3. What makes the bees loaf so much when
there is plenty of buckwheat bloom? They
hang out and seem to be lazy.

West Virginia.

Answers. — 1. In making a weak colony
take the place of a strong one, there is some
danger that the queen may be killed. It is
safer to give brood. Bees may also be given
with the brood, but the bees added should not
be more than about a fourth as many as the
bees already io the hive. A nice way is to
exchange frames of unsealed brood for frames
of sealed brood.

2. It is not because the bees are lazy, but
because they are wise enough not to wear
themselves out when there is no nectar in the
tlowers. See answer to Kansas, page 603.

Swarming Management
Bees

Wintering

1. My bees are a quarter of a mile from
the house, and I clipped the queens' wings
last spring; but being so far away, and not
being able to be with them all of the time, I
have lost a good many swarms. Another year
could I not buy a drone and queen trap for
each hive, attend to them every night, and
divide what I want for increase, so I would
not have to be with them all of the time?

2. Ought I to build a shelter for the bees or
will the}' winter here all right without pro-
tection * Colorado.

Answers— 1. Yes, it will work. There is
danger that some swarms will return to the
wrong hives, but that is better than to have
them sail off entirely.

2. While it may not be absolutely necessary
in your locality, it is well that there be some-
thing to break the force of the winds.

Management of Swarmlng-
Brood-Nest— Hives

Size of

I started with 2 colonies (in the spring of
1893) in 8-frame hives. I now have 36 colo-
nies, 6 in Langstroth lOframe, 4in S-frame
hives, and all the rest in common store boxes
with slats and end-pieces to hold the combs.
Is it not possible in using the Heddon system
in swarming, with these boxes, to get more
money out of it in the end than to buy new
hives at $2 each, since with this system, as I
understand it, there is no need to overhaul
the bees to cut out cells or anything of the
kind?

I never read anything about bees until this
season. Of course I now see where I could
have prevented so much swarming, but at the
same time I wanted to get into the bee-busi-
ness, therefore the increase was all right for
me.

1. In the shook swarm method (or the
other method of hiving the new swarm on
the old stand) why couldn't we place the old
hive (with all queen-cells cut out) right un-
der the new swarm until the bees have all
hatched, then we have a hive for more bees
again f This continual increase means more
hires, and there comes a time when we would
like to call a halt.

3. What is the matter with closing the hive
tight when the swarm commences to issue,
keeping it closed until the bees will not take

to wing when released, as described by J. T.
Adams in the .June 15 issue of Gleanings for
1903?

3. Does the anticipated swarming method
of Adrian Getaz, described in the American
Bee Journal of .June 16, 1904, work out accord-
ing to schedule?

4. A beginner sees so much in print that
seems to be contradictory. For instance : Of
course in the early spring we want increase,
and lots of it. Some advise a second story to
give room for the queen, etc. Then we read
what Mr. Danzenbaker has to say in regard
to his hive, and one of his strongest claims is
just the reverse. He says we need a smaller
brood-nest, etc.

Then I read of a lady who keeps down
swarming by puffing a little smoke in at the
entrance when the swarm commences to
issue. This stops the swarming note, she
says. Then the next morning she shakes the
swarm into a new hive on the old stand and
plaees tfte ohi our in Hera 6 or S high on a strong
colony. Very good. Then I read that should
you put even one swarm into an old hive with
brood, there would not be enough nurse-bees
to take care of all the brood, but if you
should put 3 swarms into such a hive there
would be enough such bees, and such method
was advised. Now comes the question, How
many bees would it take to care for the (i ur S
eolonies tiered up over even a strong colony?

5. What would you advise me to do? I am
a pharmacist, and therefore can give only a
small part of my time to the bees. I can have
enough of these store boxes ready for another
season without any cost except for paint. Or
would it be better for me to buy new hives
for another year; I am getting honey, and
I have some new colonies which I think will
give me 3 supers full, as I have 2 already. I
am running for comb honey altogether, and
winter the bees in the cellar. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. You'll never reach the point
where year after year you'll have just enough
hives and all constantly occupied. Some ex-
tra hives must always be on hand. But that
isn't answering your question. You can
easily make a trial of your plan, and one trial
will probably satisfy you that poor wor^c will
be done in an empty hive over the brood. In
one case I had a queen thus placed — over an
excluder— and she stayed there 3 weeks with-
out laying an egg.

3. I don't know how it would work in your
locality, but I feel almost sure the colony
would swarm as soon as the oldest virgin
could go with them. Mr. Adams says in his
locality he has no afterswarms. But if you
could control theiu till all the virgins but one
were killed, you might come out all right.

3. When I see the name of Adrian (ietaz
attached to a statement, I feel I can rely upon
that statement. The system he gives is in
good repute acro^^s the water, and I wonder
that it doesn't make headway here. Excep-
tions to the wui Kiug of the plan will no doubt
occur, just as exceptions occur in the usual
manner of shaking swarms.

4. Different views are entertained as to size
of brood-nest, but the difference you speak of
may be accountfi! fur by the fact that differ-
ent times are talked about. When a colony
is building up for ine in the spring, it is im-
possible to give ! ' much room for a brood-
nest so long as ii is fully occupied by the
bees; but during the harvest it would be
ruinous to have tr limited room in the brood-
chamber. It won ii mean not an ounce of
comb honey.

A colony cover!:,- 8 or 10 combs in winter
will laugh at a i 'iji>erature30 degrees below
zero, while anui.. covering only a single
comb would frcu/.i to death. Same thing in
summer. Take a ogle comb sparsely cov-
ered with bees, an^, the brood will be chilled

in a little while. Take 8 or 10 such combs
together, with the same proportion of bees,
and the brood will be all tight. When you
make a shaken swarm, and put the brood in
an empty hive, you may put in so few bees
that the brood will suffer. It will of course
take more bees to take care of two stories of
combs than it will to take care of one story;
but it iritl not take twice ati many bees. The
larger number of such combs you have in a
pile, the smaller the proportion of bees
needed to keep the brood warm. I don't
know for certain, but I think there are
enough bees in one strong colony to care for
the brood in (! or 8 hive-bodies tiered up. If
necessary, the whole field-force could remain
in the hive to keep things warm, and some of
them might even lend a hand at feeding
babies.

."i. In getting ready empty hives for next
season, have part of them one kind and part
the other, and decide from your own experi-
ence which you like the better. I should
advise that you try only a small part of the
store-box kind, only that the cost is so little
that you won't mind throwing them away if
they don't suit you. And I have a suspicion
that they won't suit you so well as the other
kind. But don't grumble at me at the trouble
of transferring all from the boxes later on.

White and Yellow Sweet Clovers

I have read that there are two kinds of
sweet clover, white and yellow, and I would
like to know which is the better to sow on
ground which is not under cultivation ; for
instance, waysides, fence-corners, etc. Which
of the two varieties is to be preferred as a
drouth-resister, and are they also used as for-
age-plants ; My intention is to sow it for the
bees, especially on waste ground, but I would
like to know for what other purpose it could
be used.

I have heard that sweet clover grows like
weeds and blooms for a long time during the
summer. If this is so, I would like to give it
a trial, but would like to hear something defl-
nite about the plant before I purchase any
seed. Indiana.

Answer.— As to kind of soil and as to re-
sisting drouth, there is probably no difference
between white and yellow sweet clover. The
chief difference is in the time of blooming,
the yellow blooming first. Some say it is two
weeks earlier than the white, some say four.
As a forage-plant, some esteem it highly,
others say it is worthless. It is probably
good in all cases where stock have learned to
eat it. I have never seen much of the yellow,
but from what I have seen I judge it does not
grow so luxuriant as the white, and so would
not yield so much forage. If you have abun-
dance of white clover, the white sweet clover
may be better for you than the yellow, for the
white sweet clover comes into bloom before
white clovei is done.

Reports a\\ii
CSxpertences

"Raised" Kot "Reared"

On page hft^. in my letter on ''White Honey
Almost a Failure," in next to the last para-
graph, it should read, ''no brood niiso? "
from below to the upper stories instead of "no
brood reared," which makes it unintelligible.
B. T. Davenport.

Hard Winter— Fairly Good Yield

Last wiiiiei- was a hard one for the bee-
keeper. Aijuut 50 percent of the bees were
lost in this part of the State. But spring
opened nice and warm, so the bees built up
first-rate. Swarming has not been excessive,
the clover yield being rather late, commen-
cing about .1 jue '30. Up to date I have some-
thing like '.'■ pounds of honey to the colony,
present ci .iit. I double up all swarms which

636

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 7. 1905

I put on new stands and get the best jield
from new colonias. The county report as
given by the assessor for UK)5 for Nemaha
county, was 444 colonies of bees. This was
taken in April, but at the present time, I
think there are from 1000 to 1200 colonies. A
very large percent are poorly kept. Few bee-
keepers take a bee-paper, and bat few take
time to look after the needs of the bees.

Our fall yield is not very large, so that we
can not expect much honey from now on.
S. C. Ma.)ORS.

Nemaha Co., Nebr., Aug. 7.

Too Cold, Wet and Windy

My report so far this year is blank. We
have no honey yet. We have had lots of rain,
but it has been too cold, wet and windy. The
bees Eeem to be gathering some the last two
days, and the prospect for a fall flow is good.
A. J. Fbkeman.

Neosho Co., Kans., Aug. 23.

Honey Crop a Disappointment

The honey crop here is a disappointment,
also basswood. It has been too cool, cloudy
and wet during bloom. The fall prospect is
not good. F. A. Snell.

Carroll Co., 111., Aug. 31.

Bees Doing Poorly

Bees are doing very poorly here this year.
There is no honey in white clover, and if we
do not have a fall honey-flow some of us will
have to feed our bees. One man reports
plenty for the bees and some surplus honey.
C. W. HOPSECGER.

Skagit Co., Wash., Aug. S.

White Clover Yield Light

The white clover season is practically over,
and the honey crop from that source has been
rather light. G. Gletsteen.

Sioux Co., Iowa, Aug. 8.

Too Much Rain

The honey crop is very light here, as it
rained too much during the basswood season,
and the bees didn't work much on white clo-
ver, although there seemed to be plenty of it.
H. HiNBICHS.

Jackson Co., Iowa, Aug. 7.

Bees Doing Fairly Well

The last halt of July bees did fairly well.
They are now working pretty well, but not
doing much in the supers. They must be
storing in the brood-nest. I lost a few queens
on their wedding-trips this season, and re-
placed them with queen-cells. It has been
fearfully hot and showery the past 2 weeks.
W. Irvine, Sb.

Webster Co., Iowa, Aug. .5.

Bees Making a Fair Living-
Dry Weather

White clover is all gone, sweet clover is
more than half through blooming, catnip is
dried up, and bees are working on red clover,
of which there is plenty, but they are making
only a fair living. My little patch of alfalfa
Is humming with bees almost as loudly as a
good bloom of sweet clover would be.

The comb honey is of inferior grade and a
very light crop. Two years ago I got 250
pounds per colony ; last ytar, 62>^ pounds per
colony, and this year only about 25 or 30
pounds per colony. We need rain very badly.
It is awfully dry. .J. E. Johnson.

Knox Co., 111., Aug. 5.

Bees Doing Little Work

Bees have been doinj,- poorly here all the
year. I have 6 colonies, .t spring count, one
natural swarm and one shook swarm. They
had not gathered enough io live on up to the
middle of July. Since ihut time they have
been tolerably busy, and I believe I will be

able to harvest about 25 pounds of section
honey to the colony, if we have a favorable
fall. There was so much cold rain in the
spring that lots of bees starved to death. I
fed mine until July. Those that I did not
feed lost considerable. I have 2 hybrid colo-
nies, 3 blacks, and one Italian.

I am going to Italianize the hybrids and
blacks this fall. W. P. Burch.

District 16, Ind, Ter,, Aug. 8.

California

Bees Doing Very Well-
Honey

My 26 colonies came through the winter in
fine condition, and cast 2 swarms this season.
The past 3 vears they have not swarmed
enough to say so, so I have had to make a
swarm now and then. The 26 colonies have
now 3 hive-stories, with about 100 pounds of
surplus honey to spare.

The weather has been rather cold all sum-
mer. I got a queen July 25, introduced her
the 26th, and she began laying the 29th. She
looks fine, but it is too late to get a test other
this year. The progeny of some of the queens
I have are pretty cross, but so long as they
get the honey I do not care. This is a cold
and often windy country, so they may be gen-
tle enough in some other locality.

When speaking about California honev in
a former letter, I did not mean that pure C il-
itornia honey was poor, but that the "^oni^v
sold in some places for California hoP' y was
poor. O. K. lliCB.

Wahkiakum Co,, Wash., Aug. 1."

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than anj uther published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounta to the Trade.

£?** Normal rates have been restored
by all lines between Chicago. Buffalo,
New York, Boston, and other Eastern
points and the Nickel Plate Road is
still prepared to furnish strictly first-
class service between Chicago and the
East, in their 3 daily through trains
to New York and Boston, at rates as
low as obtained by any other line.
Meals served as you like, in the dining-
car, either a la carte, club, or table de
hote, but in no case will a meal cost
more than $1.00. Our rates will be of
interest to you, and information cheer-
fully given by calling at 111 Adams
Street, or addressing John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, ll.i Adams St., room
298, Chicago, or 'phoning Central 2057.

33— 36A4t

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

i

Special Olff rs Until Oct. 1. 1005

I

N Standard-Bred sa:'.. QnecD, 60 cents 8

new subscriber liiust not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think wp have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
tie made. Our 1 remium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be
earned in a le_ itimate way. They are worth working for.

Address all n lers to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Sept. 7. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

637

Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-Llst. Q

ourHI^STES and SEOTIOlSrS
Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London.Wis. "s.a |

Early Maturing Market Itogs-Yorksliires

The vigordus (.■on&titution, solid bony frame and
the large litters produced ure brinpinp Yorkshire
Hogs to tht favorable attention of farmei*8 every-
where. Yorkshires fatten rapidly and jiinture
early up to 3hi.i pounds— making; them very pnitlt-
able market hogs, /f/oorfcf/ .S^ofAr— that enterpris-
infir, hustling farm stock paper — will devote its
September iesue to Yorkshires. Every number of

BLOODED STOCK

is intensely interesting to the live farmerand stock
raiser. September issue will be especial!; ro. J.
A. McDonald, of Prince Edward Island, a very able
English writer, will contiibute a valuable paper on
Yorkshire hogs, while others of equal ability will
furnish facts on feedinc and breeding which will
be helpful m every reader The October issue will
be devotfd to tlie ChiL-ngo Stock Yards. Every
farmer should read the October number. Don't
miss a single copy. "Jau a year makes it easy to take.

Blooded Steele, Box SSl, Oxford, Fa.

J^" When planning a business or
pleasure trip from Chicago to Buffalo,
New York, Boston, or any Eastern
point, you should investigate the satis-
factory service afforded by any of the
3 Express Trains operated by the Nickel
Plate Road. Colored porters are in
charge of coaches, whose duties are to
look after the comfort of passengers
while enroute. Special attention shown
ladies and children, as well as elderly
people, traveling alone. No excess
fare charged on any train on the Nickel
Plate Road. American Club Meals,
from 35 cents to SI. 00, served in Nickel
Plate dining-cars. One trial will result
to your satisfaction. All trains leave
from La Salle Street Station, only
depot in Chicago on the Elevated Rail-
road Loop. Call on or address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago. 34— 36An

Here is the Best of All

The Modern Parmer . .$ .50
Agricultural Epitomist .25
Green's Fruit Grower. .50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings 1.00

2?50

All for an even $1.00. Without Glean-
ings, 50 cents.

THE nODERN FARHER,

ST. JOSEPH, MO.
t^oasB TOftntlOD Bee Jonrcaj -wiieio writme

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

We are now able to quote lower prices than ever
before Highest quality Kuaranteed. We handle the
G. B. Lewis Go's goods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives. Send for my 88-page Catalog, and
leaflet for beginners. They are free.

44Btf W. J. MCCARTY. Emmetsburg, Iowa

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I bave tried almost everything- in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if u want any -ore smokers your new style is
good etiou^h for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
dnced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

r ^eas6 ai'^uti-.-'. 3*»e Jourxk&i "wheu writi^.

Wisconsin Basswooc^ Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our c stomers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHSS *ING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., narshfield. Wis.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National.— The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
facts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, and continue three
days.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will lie U the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer, long sound of a) , corner of Houston
and .Jetferson Sts., and rates are only .*1. 00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 135 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson Hec.

New York.-The Fulton aod Monteomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will hold the
next meetinfr on Wednesday, Sept. 20, 1905, at
the Central Hotel, Amsterdam, N. Y. The an-
nual election o( officers will take place at this
meetinir, and also two delegates will be ap-
pointed to attend the meeting of the State As-
sociation at some time during the coming win-
ter, and also any other business which may
come up at this meeting. All are invited to
come and bring your bee-keeping friends.

West Galway, N. Y. T. I. Dogdale, Sec.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, ll.SO— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

JiiCtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

^rj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he 'prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without It."— A. G.
riease mention Bea joarna; -w^hen writmjf

BAENES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: "We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

Italian Queens

FOR SALE

Iq all their purity, at the following prices:
Untested (Red Clover) TSc; Tested, $1.25;
Breeder, S5.00.

ELDON WOODflRD

ASHVILLE, Chautauqua Co., N. Y.

37Ctf (Route 06)

A New Magazine

Would yoii lik.- tlie new uiagajine — written csi-ecially for you
—to you— !<>' >ou, Rood sluries, pretty, setvUotiltle f.tBhlons,
household ht-lpe, recipes, letters from subscribers, [iractical
pUns fur iMniiti); incoaie^ — a charuiiog magaz mo— worth
many tillK■^ m l>rice? If bo, lend us 2.5 cents fur a year's sub-
scription, or send jmstal for sample copy.

The WOMAN'S JOURNAL

102 Journal Bldg. CHICAGO

.- I ficd&e mention the Bee Journal.

638

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 7, 1905

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb FouDdation, and everything the bee keeper needs. Now
i.% the time to buy for next season's use. Special Uiscoiinl on all bee*supplief>i
not no\»- in iseason. Liewis' Ooods at factory i»rl<-es. Catalog free.

Honey-Packag-es for Marketing- Honey

Such as ShipjiiDg-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets. UlaHs Jars tvitli patent spring;
sealers and glass stoppers : regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

Fine Italian Queens by Return Mail

Untested Queens S .75 I

Select Untested Queens 1.00 |

Tested Queens SI 00

Select Tested Queens 2.00

New Crop Extracted. Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. 1!
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice,
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much
lonest trei;;lit rates, satisfaction to all.

1004 East Wash. Street
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.,.•^•^

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

Special prices on ab-
Uest service.

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
' seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN SIAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian ; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long- tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Car'niolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1. | After Oct. 1. I Tested—

Untested 12 for 16.00 | Untested 13 for $7.50 | Each $1.50

•' 6 for 3.25 I " 6 for 4.00 Breeders—

Ifor 60 I " Ifor 75 | Each 3 00

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

We are

Manuiactnrers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

SHIPPING - CASES - EXTRACTORS
-SECTIONS-HIVES- AND IIE VERY-
THING- FOR THE {BEE-KEEPER

Send for Illustrated Catalog and Price-List. Prompt Shipm nts. Low Prices.

MONDENG MFf^. CO.,

147 and 14Q Cedar Lake Road, MIN!*; OLIS, MINN.

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return fteight at the.
following prices:

i.>-lb. Jars with corks — 1 case of 21 doz. for
$5 50; leases, $15.50.

"4-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5 -'5 ; 3 cases for -¥15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for S14.

Hand.'' Comb Foundation Mills

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

YORK HONEY l^i,Op«L\^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Blow is the Timft to Order

Your Bee-Hives. Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea,
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted-
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Musi 6I0S6 Out Queen-Trade

By Sept. l.-j. Good Untested (Queens, 50 cents
Tested, $1.00. J. F. MICHAEL,

35A2t Kt. 1, Winchester, Ind.

Select Tested Breeders

Golden Yellow Breeding Queens, SI. Every
young queen from them yellow as gold. Non-
swarming, non-stingers and hustlers for
honey. S-page leaflet on Queen-Rearing free
to all.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee joumai "when "writine.

PURE ITALIAN BEES

The most beautiful, gentle, prolific, best
working, and. bffing Ion? tongued, best honey-
gatherers. PRIZES — VI. Swiss Agricultural
E.xhibition, Berne, 1895; Swiss National E.thi-
bitlon, Geneva, 18%; Bee Keeping Exposition,
Liege, Belgium, 189S; Universal Exposition.
St. Louis, U. S. A., 1904. THE HIQHESr
AWARD. Extra Select Breeding Queen, $3.00;
six, $10.00; dozen, $30.00. Selected Queen, $2.00;
six, $11.00; dozen, $M.OO. Special prices on
larger number. The addresses must be clear;
pay ments by postal money orders. If bv chance
a queen dies upon the journey she is to be re-
turned immediately, with a prstal certificate,
and another queen will be sent gratis. Address

ANTHONY BIAGGI

PEDEVILLE, NEAR BELLINZONA,

ITALIAN SWITZERLAND

This country is politically the Swltzeiland
Republic, but lies geographically in Italy, and
possesses the best kind of bees known. In
writing mention the American Bee Journal.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$.'iO to $1C0 per month salary assured ourtfraduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN nKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write lor Catalog.

MORSE School of Telegraphy,

Cincinnati, O. Buffalo, N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.

Wis. Texarkana. Te.x. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention the Bee Journal

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian Queens

L^ntested, after June 15, 75c; Tested, SI. 00;

Breeders — the very best, S5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. W^ALXER S. HOSS.

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Sept. 7, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

639

B66SUPPII6S I

Guaranteed Superioritu !

Lowest- Prices jlB

Headquarters ^ Bee-Supplies

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

)er

— onthly, so cts. a Year.)

.« • !st magazine for begin-
3 ; has been published by

IS 1 , t.- arly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

fleaae mention Bee Jooraal 'wlien 'wrlttna

Bees,Queens and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .65

One tested qneen •'0

One select tested queen . . 1.10

One breeding queen 1.65

One comb nucleus (no

queenl 1.00

All grades ready to seed
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade ot
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 300 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sanaple and
nrices ^' ^" ST^«*Ol^d».

ao4'East Logan Street, CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, bnying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
ioq SOUTH Water St. Chicago. III.

c. ease aaeatici. B«e Jotimal "Wnon "wntuxtfi

LOSS BY LICE

ou poultry amounts to many times
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Lice — the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming egKs or
chicks. A t rial 10c box will
^"^^^^^ '^ prove It. 100 cz.. bv express. $1.90.

w^'^&mf^'f "• ^' STOCK "r»oi> CO.,

X-^.v/V^ii^- I). J. Lambert. Vice-Fres.

\^°T^^ 406 MonoD Bide, Chicago, lU.

please mention Bee Jourtja wboL wTiUnfe;
New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would pay those having it in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and styleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manz&nola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

QoeensNowReadotoSuDDiy
bu Retorn Mall

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,

from selected mothers; have proven their qualities as

GREAT HONEY-GATHERERS.

Golden Italians

Have no superior, and few equals.

M Red Clover Queens

Which left all records be-
hind in honey-gathering.
Untested, 75c; 6 for $4.
/"^ • I — They are so highly recommended, being

^^3ril|Oi3fl5 more gentle than all others. Untested, 7.5c;
6 for $4.00.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

CHiCAGo,Aug. IS —The demand has absorbed
all the offerings of fancy and A No. 1 grades of
white comb honey at 14c, while No. 1 has sold
at 13@l3Hc. No call at present for other than
the best grade, it really being difficult to place
what ordinarily is called No. 1. Extracted,
white. 6@7c; amber, light and dark,£(a6c. Bee
wax, 2Sc. R. A. Burivbtt & Co.

Albant, N.Y., July 26.— There is some call
for honey, new crop, and if here would proba-
bly sell for best prices of season, as the general
impression is there will be a Jarge crop. White
comb honey will start off at ISc to earlv buyers.
U. R. Wright,

Kansas City, Aug. 24.— The honey market
here shows a decided improvement and the
market is firm at *2.85to$3.00 for No. 1 and
fancy white comb in 24 section cases. Amber
and other grades are selling for less, according
to quality. Extracted In fair demand, white
selling at 6^ceuts; other grades down to 454c.
Beeswax, 2Sc. C. C. Clbmons &. Co.

Cincinnati, A.u^. 18. — The heavy requests
for offers on honey recently, have a tendency
to lower the prices. We are striving hard to
maintain good prices, by giving our friends
more than their honey is worth, to hold up the
market. So far we have been successful. Still
offer extracted hooey as follows; Amber in
barrels and can- at 5K@654c, respectively.
White clover at T@8Jic. We feel that lower
prices will prevail in the near future.

Comb honey is coming in quite freely. We
quote fancy whae comb honey at 12@15c. The
arrival of Western car*load shipments of comb
honey is anticip:ited daily, after which the
market will be -^iiattered as to prices. Bees*
wax, 26c. ThbFrbd W.MuTH Co.

Denver, June 2o. — The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enou^^u of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new crop comes in; the same is
selling as follow No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, 5^^ r^.20; No. 2, $l.75@*2. White
extracted, 6>4f<'T^4c per pound. Beeswax, 26c.
The Colo. !*onky-Producers' Assn.

Nbw York, Aqi
the market as yet
Extracted is iu j
quote: Califon'-a
according to ru
in barrels frc i .-
remains stead , it

18. — No new comb honey on
nd very few inquiries so far

Lirly good demand and we
at from 5Ji@7c per pound,

'^ and quantity. Southern
6Sc per gallon. Beeswax

: per pound.

ZLDRBTH A. SbOBLKBN

Philadelphia, Aug. 21.— Some honey arriv-
ing, with prospects of a good crop all through
the East, but no call for comb honey during
the hot weather, so that prices are not as yet
established. Extracted honey arriving freely.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 7@8c; am-
ber, 6@7c. Beeswax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sslser.

Cincinnati, O., Aug. 8 .—There is no demand
for comb honey on account of the warm
weather. Extracted is in usual demand for this
season of the year. We quote white clover at
7@8c: amber, iu barrels, at S}i@5}4c', in cans,
5%@6c. Beeswax, 28c, C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Aug. 23.— White comb. 1-lb-
sections, '©10 cents; amber, 7'»8c. Extracted,
water-white, 5@SKc; white, 43i@5c; light am-
ber, 4@4K cents; amber, 3H(a)4c; dark amber,
2}4@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 27@29c.

The market Is still very weak, though prices
are being well maintained by apiarists, and not
without cause, as advices from some of the
most important honey-raising districts say that
the yield of honey will fall far below the aver-
age this year, owing to cool weather during the
months of May and June when the wild flowers
were in fall bloom ,

FOR SALE

Until further notice, fiae^t quality new crop
California V.'ater-White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases. Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity you want.

HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y,

34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS
We have a good supply of Pure Basii-
M'ood Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 1 can
in a box, at f cents a pound ; 2 or more cans,
boxed, at 7'^ cents — all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order. Sample, by mail, 8 cents in
stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YOP K HGNEYl^PP^L^CG.

141 U :; (intario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mentloii Bee Journal
wh,:. writing advertisers.

640

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 7, 1905

DISCOUNT

ON ORDERS ACCOMPANIED BY CASH SENT US IN

SEPTEMBER

Iff-

ins

This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current use.

On receipt of the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity we will
mail to any address free of charge postpaid a copy of our little book, "Bee Pranks,"
which is a pamphlet compiled from newspaper clippings containing many laughable and
interesting anecdotes which have actually happened in the life of the bee. Published
only by G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods:

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CAIvIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Actou.
California Lumber &
San Francisco.

Milling Co.,

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.
IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

Q. B. LEWIS CO. ^

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

Manuf.-v.:turcrs of

ee- Keepers'

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A..

TsjAtrae/iyv

Bee Journal

45th Year

m

m

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPTEMBER 14, 1905

The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby.

EUGKNE SeCOR.

Ok.ouge W. York.

n^

^^

-:^^

i=^3=a=f

:^^4

-^ -^ ^ — , -^

1. The bees are in the lin - den tops, Bye, ba - by, bye!

2. The ba - by bees are fast a -sleep. Bye, ba - by, bye!

3. The ba - by bees will wake some day. Bye, ba - by, bye!

t_.J-

i^Ep;

-^

d=

t — \- — if-

.-l-==4.

1 . -^^

=^=

^5;

:?-

■■^-

:^cz=t

c ••- -•■

it

^^^:

^=^s^

■•" ^- tl*-- ^9-'

They'll bring the sun- shine home in drops, Bye, ba - by, bye!

They nev - er fret, they nev - er weep. Bye, ba - by, byei

And go a - mong the Hovv'rs to play. Bye, ba - by, bye!

-4^-.-J

, P^—r-i P P-, ^-P 1

EE

:^^J=q

And some they'll put in wax -cujis neat Just for their era-died ones to eat;
They lie as still at sun - ny noon As stars are still a-round the moon;
And ba - by mine may have a run Sometime, and chase them, just for fun;

mmm

t^

~:=.^-z^^.

-^

-t-.

m

And some they'll keep for

by, sweet. Bye,
They nev - er hear their nv,xm - ma croon, "Bye,
But now lie still and ski'p, sweet one. Bye,

. mm--

J,

3^f3^i

ba - by. bye!
ba - by, bye!"
ba - by, bye!

?>-F

:5E

:t^3

No. 37

;i i

m

m

642

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14, 1905

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK SCOMPAINY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE StTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal 19
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 60
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPERLABEI. DATE indicates the
endof the month to which your subscription ispaiil.
For instance. "decoi>" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember, I9u4.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on yourwrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will he given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the AssociatloD

let.— To promote the interests of it8 members.

2d.— To protect and delend its members in their
lawful rient8.

3d,— To enforce laws against the aaulteration ox
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

|y" If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the

onblishers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

( INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertlsinK.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepreBentations of the same.

MEIVIBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.0(» for each
20 (or fraction of 2ii) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

•2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member r<n the
annual payment of u tee of $10. increased by one-
fltth of one (n percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keepinc.

George W. York. Manager.

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end ol
190fs, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW subscription with$I.' (i forthe
Bee Jimrnal a year. Now is the lioie to get new
subscribers. If you witnh extra copies of the Bee
Journal lor use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail tttem to you. Address
all orders to the oflSce of the American Bee Journal.

HONEY=JARS.

For a limited time we offer No.2S Honey-Jars,
porcelain cover, metal screw cap, holding* one

fioand of honey net, one g'ross la case complete
o S-gross lots, $4.00 per gross; less quantities,
$4.50 per gross, f o.b. New York. If you want
to secure some, let us know at once.

HILDRETH & SEOELKEN.

265 at, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

XlAtf PlftaRc mention the Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a huDdred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Fere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's (Jooils, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

28A.12t FREMONT. MICH.

^'ieass menUon Bes joumai wlien wntiae

..'4.. .'•''. .'•«■ .'•'■ .i^- ..'Ij'- -•#'. .^ir. .*V- ..'#«' ■*•!'■ "#'■ ■«#'■ ..'#''■ .*#i'- -^i'o- M'o- ..'•>- .'lir- *'•'- -'•i'- .'•'■ *t'. .'A^- *'A^. .'i^. >A^

■■♦r ■'.$'' •<♦■" ■!♦■" 't^ '^^ 't^ ^f *" •'!♦' •'!•■• ''■t'- '■'♦." ■^•■" •'♦■* •*• •it." ■■:♦." --t^ ■•■t^ '♦." 'ty 'tr '4' •i*."-'???^?*?

'Y " If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " •♦•

® BEE-SUPPLIES I
Root's Goods aiRoot's Prices |
-■•■- .■•*- .T.

Evervthing^ used by Bee-Keepers. ^te-

POUUER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. ^

Low Freight Rates. ,-. .-. .*. Catalog Free. ^

■^(fjP If you wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my ^^

aAtf free monthly price-list of honey. ' ,ika.

?J? Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE. and avail ^

.^1*. yourself of the following \ery liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality. ^fc

2^ Percent I For cash orders before Jan. 1.. 7 percent ^E

i%i For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 For cash orders before Feb. 1 . . c percent «»

Jl^ For cash orders before Nov. 1 9 For cash orders before Mar. 1 -4 percent ^J^

•fe For cash orders before Dec. 1 8 | For cash orders befoie Apr. 1. .2 percent «»

I WALTER S. rOUDER, |

ij»i 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ife

-ii0a' 'iR0B"«f ■« >^K '<>9k '«0ii 'i!f> J>f.* tf* '■f* '^f," '■f.o <■(.> <■(.■ ^^.* '.W* '.Wf- ".W* fV* ''W* 'fV-* 'it* '-W* ''if.* tf.* f9- '^9*

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION f^. BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger iS; Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

GUS. DITTMER, = Augusta, Wis.

IT'S TIME TO FEED

FeediDg lime is here and you will want feeders. There are none better made than
the Miller-Boardman Entrance Division-Board Feeder and the Simplicity Bottom-Board
Feeder. They can be attached to the bottom-board and left all the year around. Are
made on honor and sold direct from the factory to you, saving you a middleman's
profit.

Your orders will receive prompt attention. Send them early.

Don't fail to send us your address for our new catalog, which will be very compre-
hensive, and will give you many valuable pointers upon beekeeping.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

rteasH nieonoii Ho** Joamai wueo upmiiif*

lo percent Discount

On orders accompanied
by cash sent us in SEP-
TEMBER. This applies
to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current use.

By Return Freight or Express. Send to

H. M. ARND,
Mgr.

YORK XlON£x SUPPLY GO. (Motlnd.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog- and prices on Honey on application. If you want 4]Sood Ooods

at Pactory l^rices and Prompt sibipment. send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED — 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please leiit^on the American Bee Journal fcliseiS^

Sept. 14, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

643

u

DADANT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXIOELS.

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.

« ^ BEE-SUPPLIES ^ -^

OF ALL KINDS.

■*Air. .■tar. .vA!*. J>Ait

--.•^- -ll^-

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY m no:drip shipping

CASES, ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE, AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT, AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO,

No. 61 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let tts qnote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT &80N.

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

tlease mention Bae Jonmal ■when 'wntuif.

VIRGINIA QUEENS iTr^PoTs^ryll^i

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested qaeens, T5c; after June 15, 60c; tested
queens, £1.00; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
17A26t Fredhricksbukg, Va.

4>\l/\l>\l>\l/(l/\</\l/\l>U/ll/ii/\l/\l/\t>\iAlAl/<ilAi/\l/\i>ll/llAl/\l/<i^

B66 - SlIDDlleS ! |

We carry a larpt' stoclc and greatest

variety of everything needed in the ^^

Apiary, assuring in st goods at lowest S;

prices, and pruiupt shipments. We want every bee-l<eeper to h;- our Free Illiis- ^\

trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hiviv Massie Hives, etc. ^

Write at once for Catalog, either English or German lanpiuiLce. ^.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. ^;

AGENCIES ^

Trestcr Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton «& Ford. Gjrden City, Kansas. ^^

Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lani '. Colo. ^'

Southwestern Bee Co., 43» W, Houston St., San Auto Tex. ^^

FINE QltEENS f'"" ?y 3 and Sbandea
ByRe.urnMail i!°°f,T°°^'>=? Italians.
, . ii.qual to any for honey-

gathering and gentleness.

Mr. Chas. M. Darrow, Dear Sir:— The bees
and queen received in good condition, only a
few dead bees; indeed, it is a fine queen, and
the bees are No. 1. Thanking you for the same.
Yours truly, J. J. Vosberg.

Peach Orchard, Ark., Aug. 19, 1905.
Select Tested (or Warranted Tested! *1 each.
No disease. I guarantee all queens perfect, to
arrive safely, and give reasonable satisfaction.
CHAS. M. DARROW.
23Atf R. F. D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

I Bee-Reepers'
I Early Disconnts

Now i.s the Time to .send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts ;

Before Octol:)er 1. . . .deduct 10 percent

'■ November 1. . " 9 "

" December 1. . •■ 8 "

January 1 " 7 '•

'■ February 1. .. " 6 '•

March 1 " 4 >•

•' April 1 " 3 •'

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowe»t. Cm take Honey and Beeswax
in e.xchaoge for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes and lUnstrates everything for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

E-l Monroe Street,
TOLiHlDO, - OHIO.

^ease mention Bee Joomal when Txrritln^

644

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14, 190S

GERMAN WAX-PEESS

Save all of your old comb, 6craps of wax and slumgum, and in-
Btead of allowingthem to become scattered or worm-aaten, or rendered
in some wasteful methoil, put them into a German Wax-Extractor and
you will be surprised at the amount of wax you can obtain and profits
make. With a German Wax-Preas you can get every particle of wax
out of old combs. Much of the slumgum from solar extractors and
other machines contains a very large percentage of wax that can be
separated with our machine. Indeed, some bee-keepers buy up all the
slumgum they can, and with the use of a German Wax-Press make
■excellent profits from what otherwise would have been thrown away.

Our Press may also be used as a honey-press. Loose or broken
chunks of honey that are too small for an extractor may be extracted
in this Press without application of heat, and the honey be as good as
though extracted in the ordinary way. With every Wax-Press we
furnish an uncapping arm. This arm, with scraping stick, is slipped
over the edge of the can with the basket in place. The cappings drop
down into this and are drained. This machine, therefore, serves three
purposes, and is almost indispensable in any well-regulated apiary.

The machine is made in the best possible manner. The cross arm
is of the best selected oak, and will stand any strain. Bolts projecting
through the ends of the arm engage with corresponding ears on the
can in such away that a side circular movement instantly releases it.

Before closing I wish to say that Mr. E. R. Root is right when he
says, " You can't get over 50 percent of the wax until you use a first-
class press for your work." And I want to say when you get a press,
buy a German. They are neater, can be used on a kitchen stove, make
a fine honey-press and excellent uncapping can, and will be the most
satisfactory in the end. I will trade my home-made outfit for one it I
ever get a chance. Perry Orton.

New York, Aug. 9, 1905.

I am well pleased with the German Wax-Press. Felt that in one
day's work it had more than earned its cost. W. J. Oates.

California.

I was inclined to believe at first that the German Wax-Press was a
failure, but after a thorough trial was well pleased. Secured 'M
pounds more wax from one day's use of the machine than I would
have secured by the ordinary method of rendering.

Illinois. B. Walker.

Wax from old slumgum that had been worked over by another
party and declared to be free from wax, I got nearly 50 pounds from
only a little over 100 pounds of the stuff. E. T. Flanagan.

Illinois.

Cash Discount for Early Orders

We can noc remember a year when we were not crowded with
orders through the spring months, and somewhat behind, some years
more than others. In order to divert some of this trade to the fall and
winter months, we have offered inducements in the way of an early-
order cash discount. This year we will be more liberal than ever be-
fore in the amount of discount allowed. For some months the price
of some of the materials used has been a little lower, and we have
stocked up heavily, and propose giving you the advantage of the
saving in price. The abundant farm crops throughout the country
are stimulating trade in almost all lines, and prices are already stiffen-
ing. The discounts which we propose to offer for early cash orders
are as follows :

For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 percent.

" " Nov. 1 9

" " Dec. 1 8 "

Jan. 1 r

For cash orders before Feb. 1 6 percent.

" " March 1 4 "

" " April 1 2 "

You will notice that, after January, the discount drops 2 percent
a month; and if we find that advancing prices of materials do not
warrant the larger discount, we reserve the right to reduce the amount
of discount at any time.- Your safest plan is, therefore, to order at once.
This discount is only for cash before the dates named, and is in-
tended to apply to hives, sections, frames, foundation, extractors,
smokers, shipping-oases, cartons, and other miscellaneous bee-keepers-
supplies. It will not apply on orders for the following articles exclu-
sively; but where these form no more than about 10 percent of the
whole orders, the discount may be taken from the entire bill : Tinned
wire, paint, Bingham smokers. Porter bee-escape, glass and tin honey-
packages, scales, bees and queens, bee books and papers, labels and
other printed matter: bushel boxes, seeds, and other specialties not
listed in our general catalog.

The A. I. Root Company,

MEDINA,
OHIO

GhJcaQo, 144 E. Erie St.

PhiladelDhia, 10 Vine St.

New York, 44 Veseu St.

I Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matten
Publi<4hed W^eekly at gl.OO a Year l>y tieorge W. York &. Co., 334 Itearbom St.

aeORQE W. YORK, Bdltor

CHICAGO, ILL, SEPTEMBER 14, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 37

/=

€bttortaI Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

\=.

=\

=j

Requeening vs. Shaking 3warms

Id an article in the Western Bee Journal
(recently discontinued), Adrian Gets/, ex-
presses his preference for caging queens or
requeening, as against shaking swarms. He
says:

In my locality at least there is nothing bet-
ter than caging the queens or requeening. 1
have 60 far used the last process ia preference,
but I may change definitely to the other after
all. With one or several large apiaries and a
locality where a considerable proportion of
the colonies are likely to swarm, I would cage
the queens throughout a little before the
swarming-time. The cage should be placed
in the cluster of bees. The queens are then
well cared for. Furthermore, the bees are
likely to work better than when entirely de-
prived of the queen. In due time the queen-
cells are cut out, and the queens are released
a few days later. The condition of success
is not to release the queens until the colony
has been at least 4 days without unsealed
brood.

Exactly how it works I could not tell posi-
tively. I think it is this way: During these
4 days or more without unsealer" brood, the
young bees having no brood to feed, take to
the field, and become actually field-bees not-
withstanding their age, or rather "young-
ness," It we can coin such a word. Later on,
when the queen begins to lay again, the ex-
cess of nurse-bees has thus ceased to exist,
and is not likely to occur until the swarming
season, or even the hooey-flow, is over, and
swarming out of the question. It is imma-
terial if the same or another queen is given;
it does not make a particle of difference. Dr.
Miller here, and (iravenhorstin Germany, say
that it does. That bees allowed torequeen will
not swarm again, but if a strange queen is
given them they will. I presume that they
gave the strange queens too soon, not know-
ing the condition mentioned above. I would
like Dr. Miller to try again, giving due atten-
tion to that condition.

The requeening is doneaboutthe same way.
The old queen is removed and the bees are
allowed to requeen. It is best to do it only
when good queen-cells are already present, or
when the swarm has already issued and is
returned to thej)areot hive. The cells started
only after the queen is removed are liable to
give inferior queens. Furthermore, the col-
ony is too long a time without a laying queen,
and thereby too much weakened.

My two apiaries are not very large. Further-
more, the locality is not favorable to much
swarming. Taking the average of several

years, only 1 colony out of 10 swarms. Sol
putqueen-traps on all, and requeen only those
which actually swarm. It is far less work
than treating all. And those that do not
swarm do much better than if they had been
disturbed. Adrian Getaz.

Knox Co., Tenn.

Dr. Miller otYers the following in reply to
Mr. Getaz:

It has long been known that the swarming
fever could be ocercome by having a colony
queenless for a certain time, and upon this
was based the treatment of swarms given by
Mr. Doolittle some years ago, which treatment
I used for a time with much satisfaction.
When a colony swarmed, the queen was
caught, caged, and the cage left in the hive.
Five days later all cells were destroyed, and
after another five days they were again de-
stroyed, and the queen freed. The plan is an
excellent one where there is any one to watch
for swarms, and where increase is not desired.

But I think Mr. Getaz is the first one to give
so satisfactory a theory as to the why, namely,
that the colony is so long a time without un-
sealed brood that the nurse-bees have pretty
much all become fielders. To this he would
probably add the theory that the swarming-
fever has been induced by the throwing out
of balance o( the different forces, the nurse-
bees having become so numerous in propor-
tion to the amount of brood to be fed that
there is a glut in the market of food-material
prepared by the nurses.

Mr. G«taz says, " The condition of success
IS not to release the iiueens until the colony
has been at least 4 days without unsealed
brood." In following out the Doolittle plan
mentioned, there is a seeming lack of that
condition, tor the queen is released 10 days
after the issuing of the prime swarm. If tiie
queen continued to lay up lo the time
the swarm issued, that would leave the
colony only a day or two, instead of 4 days,
without unsealed brood. But it must be re-
membered that duriot,' the last few days be-
fore swarming the queen has been tapering
off in the matter of laying, so that to all in-
tents and purposes the bees are 4 days without
unsealed brood.

After a colony is ■ treated " by having been
kept without unscLiicd brood a sufficiently
long time, Mr. Geta - says it does not make a
particle of differture whether its own or
another queen is ^riven. He quotes me, in
company with sucli an eminent authority as
the lamented GravcnUorst, as holding a differ-
ent view, and express s the wish that I would
try again, keeping i'l view the proper condi-
tions. No need to ni.,l<e any further trial, Mr.

Getaz, or, rather, I have tried it many times.
You are entirely right.

Qravenhorst was right, too, as far as he
went, but he and I were ignorant of the whole
truth. He said that if you give to a colony a
young queen reared elsewhere, that would not
prevent the swarming of the colony, but it a
young queen were reared in the colony itself,
that colony would not swarm till the follow-
ing year. He said he didn't know why there
was such difference. In the light of the ex-
planation given by Mr. Getaz, the reason is
very clear; when the young queen is reared
in the colony itself, there is the proper
" treatment," the colony being left a certain
lime without any unsealed brood, whereas
when there has been no such treatment I have
had a colony swarm when a queen not a
mouth old was given — swarmed, too, in less
than a week after the youngqueen was given.

Long since I have learned that " treating"
a colony by keeping it without unsealed
brood is an important requisite, and have
acted upon it, but without any satisfactory
explanation as to the why, and hereby thank
Mr. Getaz for such explanation.

McHenry Co., 111. C. C. Miller.

Mating and Swarming of Virgins

Commenting on an editorial on this subject,
Wm. Muth-Kasmussen, of Inyo Co., Calif.,

writes thus:

In an editorial, page .5S1, under the head of
" Mating and Swarming of Virgins," a very
important factor is omitted on which the
whole question hinges, viz., that the bees be-
have in the manaQT stated, only whfH there is
no young brood ia the hive from which another
queen routd be retired, if the present virgin
should be lust on her mating triji. When there
is suitable bruod for this purpose, I have
never known a swarm to issue with a virgin
queen when she goes out to mate, and for
this very reason I am always careful, when I
know in advance that a virgin will come out,
to see that there are eggs and young larva> in
the hive, or to supply them if necessary.

I do not now remember if, in my letter to
Mr. Doolittle. I said that bees in such cases
"invariably" acted so. If I did, this was
perhaps too sweeping a statement. I should
rather have used the word " frequently."
But I had so rnauy cases of this kind during
the swarminf-'-iiuie of the present year, that
I could not help thinking and questioning
about the matter.

I have since written to Mr. Doolittle, and
given him a iiore detailed statement of facts.
Though I feel sure that I have repeatedly
seen the same ;!)iag mentioned in print dur-
ing my 'ia years of bee-keeping, I could at the
lime of wrii'ii;,' lay my hand on only two
quotations, oue from Dr. Miller's book, page
165, 1st line 'ihh above; and one from •• A B
C of Bee Cuu ue," 1905 edition, page 2Sr, 2d
column, Jd liie from above. Dr. Miller says:

646

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14, 1905

'It, by chance, a young queen is in the
upper hive, I do not like to put her down un-
til she commences laying and her wing is
clipped, for fear of her taking out a swarm.
/( seems a foolish operation for them to swarm
when there is nothing in the hive from which a
fjueen can he reared, but I have had it happen.'"
^Italics mine.)

Mr. Root says: " it [a frame of un-
sealed larvse] serves as a sort of nucleus to
hold the bees together, and to keep them
from going out with the queen on her wed-
ding trip, which they are much disposed to
do, if in a small nucleus containing no
brood."

It seems to me that these eminent authori-
ties corroborate my statement, although my
experience was with full colonies with clipped
queens, that had already swarmed and been
returned to the old hive.

Perhaps Mr. Doolittlewill use my last letter
lor another " Conversation," and I hope that
he may be able to shed more light on the sub-
-i^'^''- Wm. Mdth-Rasmdssen.

No mention was made on page 581 as to any
diflference made by the presence of young
brood, for the simple reason that in the article
of Mr. Doolittle, in Gleanings, there was no
hint that the presence of unsealed brood
would make any difference. Thanks are due
Mr. Muth-Rasmussen for bringing out that
point. It emphasizes the value of unsealed
brood in a colony or nucleus having an un-
fertilized queen, as urged by Mr. Root.
Whether Mr. Doolittle or Mr. Muth-Rasmus-

sen be right, it seems a safe precaution to see
that there is unsealed brood in any hive con-
taining a virgin queen.

But there is no need, really, to assume that
either one is wrong. Mr. Doolittle merely
says he has not had the same experience as
Mr. Muth-Rasmussen. That does not say
that Mr. Muth-Rasmussen and others may
not have had such experience; the interest-
ing point being to find out what is the gen-
eral experience; or, possibly, to find out what
different conditions produce different results
in New York, from those quoted by Mr. Muth-
Rasmussen in California, Illinois and Ohio.

Honey Advertising in tlie Bee-Papers

When we were in the honey-business we
bought a great deal of honey from the large
producers, and then sold it to smaller bee-
keepers who did not have enough to supply
their customers. In view of our experience,
we do not see why it wouldn't pay those who
have large honey crops to offer it to other
bee-keepers, as mentioned. Our advertising
rates are 10 cents a line, 7 lines to the half
inch of space, which is the smallest advertis-
ing space we quote a price on. Perhaps a few
insertions would sell a crop of honey, provided
the price asked for the honey is not too high-

Mr. Huber H. Koot. youngest son of
Mr. A. I. Root, was married Sept. 6, to Miss
Mabel Knisely, of Butler, Ind. Our heartiest
congratulations to "Huber," who evidently
has done so " Knisely " in a matrimonial way,
and also to "Mabel," who now is so well
"Root-ed." They will be "At Home" in
Medina, Ohio, after Oct. 1.5.

Mr. Thos. Will. Cowan, editor of the
British Bee .Journal, was expected to leave for
Portland and the North, on Sept. 9. He and
Mrs. Cowan have been spending the summer
in their California home. They will proceed
on their journey homeward, across the Atlan-
tic, after visiting the Portland Exposition and
slopping along the way across the Dominion
of Canada. May they have a pleasant voyage
and a safe arrival home.

time he suggested that possibly we might be
able to set it to music, and the result is thus
given. We make not the slightest claims to
musical ability, but if "The Bee-Keeper's
Lullaby " should be used by just one weary
mother in singing her baby to sleep, we will
feel well repaid. Should an extra copy of the
song be desired, we will mall it on receipt of
10 cents, 2 copies for 15 cents, 3 copies for 20
cents. The extra copies would be printed on
a single sheet of stronger paper than that on
which the American Bee Journal is printed.

Clarence G. Dittmer, second son of
Mr. Gus Dittmer, of comb foundation fame,
gave us a pleasant call last week. Ho was on
his way back to Baker University, located at
Baldwin, Kans., where he spent the last col-
lege year. "Clarence" is a veritable "chip
of the old block," and knows what he is
going to school for. We bespeak for him an
honorable career. He reports his father as
doing a satisfactory business this year in
comb foundation, which must be very grati-
fying, as the Dittmers have worked hard to
build up a good business.

The Bee-Koepei's Lullaby, on the

first page, is the latest in the apiarian music
line. As will be noticed, Mr. Eugene Secor is
(lie author of the words, which were pub-
lished in these columns Nov. ir, 1904. At that

The West Michigan State Pair, as

previously announced in these columns, is to
be held at Grand Rapids, Sept. 18 to 32. Mr.
A. (;. Woodman, superintendent of the api-
arian department, is sending out a very neat
4-page circular advertising the Fair and also
several things of interest to bee-keepers. On
the first page is the excellent picture of last
year's exhibit, as shown on the first page of
the American Bee Journal for Aug. 17. The
second page has the apiarian premium list in
full, and the third page, among other things,
gives these further attractions:

The apiarian department of the Fair has
arranged to have one of the best informed
Ijee-keeners and largest honey-producers in
Michigan to talk on bee-topics, answer ques-
tions, etc., from 10 a.m. to 12 m. each of the
following days:

.nJ!;r,t*^;i^''PJ- ^"-'^- ^- Hutchinson, edi-
tor of the Bee-Keepers' Review.

Wednesday, Sept. 20-S. D. Chapman,
whose honey crop for 1905 is 17,000 pounds

. ^ ".-^n,")' ^^P'- -^-E- D- Townsend-li)05
crop 2.^,000 pounds.

iJ^"*^*^' ,'!"'"• 22-Geo. H. Kirkpatrick-
1905 crop 14,000 pounds.

This is an excellent idea, and Supt. Wood-
man is to be congratulated upon his enter-
prising methods and management.

" The Honey-Money Stories."— We

have mentioned several times in these col-
umns our new booklet, called " The Honey-
Money Stories." We have received the fol-
lowing expressions of opinion concerning it:

Dear Mr. York :— I was greatly but agree-
ably surprised, a couple of days ago, to receive
a little booklet published by you, named " The
Honey-Money Stories." It is nicely gotten
up, the illustrations are fine, and the printing
IS good. Some one must have done some
good editing in the make-up. But I was most
surprised to find the little lullaby I sent you a
few months ago set to music by yourself. My
daughter has tried it on the piano, and says
It IS very pretty. I am greatly pleased at the
setting you have given it.

Yours truly.

EoGENE Secor.

We are indebted to Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture for Sept. 1 for this paragraph :

" The Honey-Money Stories " is the title of
a new 64-page pamphlet published by George
W York & Co., Chicago. It is well printed
and beautifully illustrated. The subject-mat-
ter is prepared in popular style, calculated to
interest and attract the attention of the ordi-
nary consumer of honey. The stories are in-
teresting, and from every point of view are
calculated to tickle the palate of the person
who has never eaten honey, and to stimulate
the desire for more on the part of those who
are lovers of the sweet. The price of the
pamphlet is 25 cents. Bee-keepers can prob-
ably procure them of the publishers. Mr.
York is to be congratulated on getting out so
interesting and attractive a book.

To show how it works to distribute copies
of " The Honey-Money Stories," we give the
following:

Since reading " The Honey-Money Stories "
I am a more firm believer than ever in the
food value of good honey, and shall eat more
of ''■ R. J. H.

Just a little brousing in " The Honey-
Money Stories "convinces me that 1 need four
more copies for friends. A. W. S.

"The Honey-Money Stories" booklet con-
tains 64 pages and cover, with over 30 half-
tone illustrations. It is printed on enameled
paper, and is a gem in appearance. Single
copy, 35 cents postpaid; 5 copies for $1.00.
Or a copy with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for $1.10. Send orders to this
office.

Uniting Swarms.— A. W. Boss, of Kan-
sas, wishes us to ask for a general discussion
in these columns of the practicability and the
best method of uniting swarms. Might also
have the same thing discussed concerning
colonies.

"Getting Even." — .Esop's Bear was
angry because a Bee stung him, so he madly
overturned the hive. Foolish bear, instead of
" getting even " he got stung.

The man who grows furious at every little
real or fancied insult and tries to " get even,"
soon finds himself caught in the brambles of
annoyance. Remember that " getting even "
is a life job that is never completed. If you
spend your time " getting even •' with people,
you will be in the position of the Bear and the
Bees— you will have no time for business.

" (ietting even " means putting yourself on
the same plane as the man whom you despise,
is that worth while' Is it consistent? Don't
get the "getting even" habit, unless you
wish to see the unpleasant side of people, and
spend your life in one long wrangle. Don't
think you must defend your dignity at all
times. A dignity that needs defense is no
dignity at all.

Much that we take offense at arises from
misunderstanding. The rest is the escape of
the spleen of ignoble souls, and should be
given the same attention the lion gives to the
braying of the ass.— The Star Monthly.

Sept. 14, 1905

THfc AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

647

-V (Eontributcb -f
Special Clrticlcs

=\

J

Injury to Queens in the Mail

BY C. P. DADANT

MY attention has been called to an editorial on page 565.
It has alwiivs been my opinion that valuable queens
were often hurt in the mails, but the mail service is so
prompt, and the cost of transportation by this method is so
economical, that it is natural for both (jueen-breeders and
bee-keepers to adopt this method of conveyance. But it was
a long time after the mailing of queens was adopted that 1
could persuade myself to use this method.

The transporting of bees was not formerly as successful
as it is now. and for years it was thought impossible to ship
bees from Europe with safety. The queens sent from Italy
were always sent by express, and, in most instances at first,
were literally drowned in honey or water, by the mistaken
solicitude of the shippers.

In an article lately published in the American 15ee Jour-
nal, I was made to say that we imported as many as 40 queens
a year from Italy. It should have read 400 instead of 40. This
was after the importation became successful through repeated
trials. These queens were all sent in what would now be
called "baby nuclei " — little boxes about 4x6 inches, contain-
ing two combs, one with very ripe, white honey or sugar
syrup, the other absolutely dry, so that the bees could have
room on dry combs. Plenty of ventilation, old bees fresh
from the fields or just departing for the fields, and no water.
These were the successful conditions needed.

We often found some of the little combs partly filled with
eggs, probably layed during the first part of the journey, but
which had failed to hatch because of the lack of sufficient
warmth. These little " baby nuclei " were bunched in lots of
20 to 24, strengthened with a sheet of tin on the outside, a
cushion on the underside of the package, and a handle at the
top. These packages were always sent by express at great
cost, but the bees came in fine condition, and no better queens
could be had than those thus received. Yet they were the
Italian bees in their natural conditions, without any select
breeding, for the new ideas were just beginning to make their
way over there. A great deal of progress has been achieved
since.

The damage to the queens sent through the mails is due
mainly, in my opinion, to the rough handling of the mail-bags
in many places. To be sure, the queen that is heavy with
eggs suff'ers the most from this rough handling, while the
young queen that has just begun to lay is hardier. We all
know how heavy and matronly a mature queen is, how easily
she drops from the combs, owing to her enlarged abdomini,
and it is very easy to imagine that her condition renders her
unfit for rough handling. Perhaps if she were made to fast
for a few days there would be more safety in sending her out.

I am not a friend of the express companies, who seem to
want to eat up the value of what they transport before giving
it up, but until a better method of transporting is devised, I
would much prefer to send a valuable queen iij a " baby
nucleus " by express than to risk her through the mails. It
seems to be now out of the question to ship anything even as
small as a 2-frame nucleus through the breadth of our land.
Bees are too cheap in every State to be sent at the expensive
rates that are prevailing, and a (jueen is just as safely tnins-
ported with a retinue of SO worker-bees, in the summer, and
probably more safely than if she were left in a populous col-
ony, no matter how carefully the combs might be adjusted for
shipment. Hancock Co., III.

Uniting Weak Colonies with Strong Ones

BY W. T. CAKY

I SEE on page 570, Mr. Hasty, in commenting on Kdwin
Kevins' hard luck in trying to unite a weak colony with a
strong one by the use of an excluder, to save both queens,
thinks we need more reports. Well, here is another report.
It iwcll remembered I reported a case I had last spring in

answer to Dr. Miller's request, and it was published on page
523. The case I now have to report is this :

How I was about to requeen a colony but didn't. But
first 1 would like to tell how I did re(|ueen 2 colonies in an old-
style way. I killed the old queens and set nuclei on top with
young queens in shallow extracting supers, one of these
nuclei being quite strong and almost filling the super ; the
other was quite weak, covering about three frames. Result :
Two big battles, a lot of dead bees in front of those two hives,
queens quit laying, and a lot of cells built. The hardest fight-
ing was done where I placed the weaker nucleus. I found
the queens all right, however, with their cliques, and I de-
stroyed the cells where the hard fighting had been done,
and so settled the dilliculty in that hive, but thinking the
other queen was mistress of the situation, I closed the hive
without observing the cells, until the young queens began
hatching, and precipitated a swarm.

Now for the case in (|uestion. I formed a nucleus consist-
ing of 2 shallow extracting combs with a little brood and
honey, a handful of bees, and a cell placed in one side of a
super with a division-board. The hive to be requeened was
provided with a plain flat cover on the edges of which I layed
j^-inch strips to form a temporary bottom-board with a small
entrance atone rear corner, and placed the nucleus up there.
As soon as the young queen had hatched and was laying
in good earnest, I filled that super with empty combs, and
then removed the temporary bottom-board and replaced it
with two wood-zinc honey-boards, retaining the J-^-inch strips
to maintain the rear entrance for the young queen's escort.

Now for results : There was very little quarreling. Per-
haps a half dozen dead bees were thrown out to the rear, but
in less than two days that super was half full of bees, and
and that young queen was perfectly at home among them, and
laying "to beat the band." My theory is that the old queen
below entertained her own field-workers and other principal
forces, and kept them contented and practically isolated from
the seat of conspiracy, while the young bees that wandered
up there were easily persuaded to follow the bandwagon.

Now they remained in that position for a week, when I
looked in the hive below and found the old queen doing so
well that my heart failed me, and I did not kill her, but in the
meantime I had a swarm issue from another hive and strike
for the woods forthwith, while I was fixing to go to Sunday-
school. So the next day I destroyed the cells in that other
old brood-chamber (hybrid rascals), and placed that nucleus
on top of it, and all went merrily on.

Now, there is one point I would emphasize, and that is,
the use of two honey-boards. I never tried it with one, but it
occurred to me that two queens, both being as free as those
two were, would likely raise a row if they got their horns to-
gether. Then, also, that rear entrance enabled the young
queen's escort to avoid passing through the old brood-chamber
below while negotiations were being carried on with the
young bees that were drawn up. Carroll Co., Mo.

Why Bee-Supplies are High— Home-Made
Hives

BY^ .1. E. .TOHNSON

THERE has been considerable written in bee-papers, both
pro and con, in regard to high prices for bee-supplies. I
have bought IM-story hives in the flat for 73 cents each,
and they were good ones— in fact, the same firm still sells
them, biit charges $1.55 each for them in lots of 10.

However, this hive iiuestiou has two sides. If hives could
be bought at 73 cents each at this day, every Tom, Dick and
Harry would be in the bee-business. The market already
suffers from the fact that there are so many who have only a
few colonies of bees and don't take proper care of them, and
bring their honey— what thev have— to the stores and ex-
change it for groceries at whatever price the merchant sees ht
to pay. And they don't care how much it injures the market,
as they do not depend upon bee-keeping for a living, but just
consider that the honov thev get costs them almost nothing,
and thev are just that much ahead. They don't pretend to
scrape the sections or grade their honey, and I find that some
of their sections weigh 18 ounces, others as low as 10 ounces
and some even having contained brood. Now, if the high
prices of supplies would drive every bee-keper of this kind out
of business, it would be a blessing to any community.

While I think prices of supplies are too high, I also find
customers occasionally who think IS cents for honey is also
too high. 1 see by Gleanings that for several years their fac-

648

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14, 19C5

tory has had to run night and day quite often in order to make
the hives as fast as they are called for. and they are often Ije-
hind witli orders. I suppose other factories are also kept
pretty busy. Now, if my customers would just be as anxious
after my honey as the bee-keepers are after the factory-made
hives, so that I would have to work both night and day to
supply the demand for honey, I am a little afraid that I should
have "to raise the price of honey a little— in fact. I would prob-
ably charge 18 to 20 cents for the very finest. Fellow bee-
keeper, would you condemn me for this ? Would it be a very
great wrong? Would there be anything wrong in my raising
the price of my honey if the demand was so great '? Say, fel-
low hee-keeper, we are in luck that prices are no higher than
they are. If the ordinary Wall Street capitalist controlled
the hive industry we would probably have to pay $1.00 for the
inside furniture of an empty super.

Several years ago I tried to make a few hives in swarm-
ing-time. I had only store-boxes to make them of, and my
tools consisted of a hammer, ax, and a cross-cut saw that had
not been filed or set for about 10 years, and a square that the
horses had stepped on. It is needless to say that my hive-
making was not a success. The supers acted as if they were
drunk — when one corner came down the other went up, and
they persisted in staying in a whin-wha shape. I had to mark
the corners to tell how to get the supers back as they were,
and if I put the wrong super on a hive I had to introduce it
before the body would accept it, and I am sorry to say I some-
times said. " Darn it !"

Well, I quit hive-making, and stayed quit for about IS
years. But 1 have begun again, and I find it all depends upon
knowing how. I now make a good hive that fits, and gives
good satisfaction, for about 50 cents for an 8-frame, 1>2-
story hive, complete except fences. I'll try to tell how [ do it.

First, I procured a good cross-cut, fine-tooth saw, a rip-
saw, a square, and hammer and plane. I buy a fairly good
grade of lumber for $30 per 1000 feet. I get the boards 10
inches wide, planed on both sides. This lumber contains a
few knots, but only small ones. I cut the hive-lengths first.
All clear length is used for cover and body, the poorest going
for bottoms. One 10-inch board and one ripped in two makes
a cover. One 10-inch and one 4-inch makes a bottom. For
the body I have to rip off about '2 inch, and this makes a
good top- bar for shallow frames.

Now if you will take a factory hive and use it tor a pat-
tern, and cut everything not pretty near square, but exactly
square, the hive will nail up square, and be as good as any
factory-made hive. I use 2-inch strips for cleats for cover
and bottom, by ripping a 1x4 in two, so the only kind of lum-
ber I buy is 1x10 inch boards, 12 feet long, and 1x4 inch 12 feet
long. I also make shallow extracting supers from 1x6 inch
boards, planed on both sides. I make frames in a mitre-box,
which is a square trough with a sguare-cui across for the saw
to run in. The bottom of this box is marked in lengths for
top-bars, bottom-bars and end-bars. I get store-boxes of soft,
fine lumber of proper thickness, and the rip-saw will rip it
into strips, like cutting cheese. I run the plane over the
edges and then lay in the mitre- box and cut. This insures a
square cut, and the frames will be square, and as the marks
are on the mitre-bov. that saves marking in length. I can
make 300 in a day if I have proper material.

There are lots of store-boxes to be had for almost nothing,
but don't use anything but good pine or it will warp.

Now, it is not a great job to make 100 hives, and almost
any bee-keeper can find time during the winter and on rainy
days to make all his hives, if he doesn't want over 100, and
they won't cost over SO cents each, complete, for material.
Figure it up yourself: Cover, 2M feet; body and super 7 1-9
feet; bottom-boards and cleats, 3 feet— total. 12 1118— say
13 feet. At 3 cents a foot— 39 cents. Material for frames, S
cents ; nails, 6 cents— total, 50 cents.

Now, let all who want to do so make their own hives, and
all who prefer to buy let them buy and pay their money. As
for myself, 1 will make my own hives and some for my neigh-
bors.

I also have a home-made solar wax-extractor made from a
store-box of proper size. A window-pane 16x32 inches, and a
sheet of galvanized iron for a bottom, and it works fine. By
its use I get from 10 to 20 pounds of wax each year. I have a
Rietsche-(;etaz press which makes fairly good brood-founda-
tion, and costs only $1.S() and freight.

So, while bee-supplies are high we don't really have to
buy them unless we want to. Some supply dealers deny the
existence of a "trust," but they have admioted tome that
there is an understanding between them not to compete in
prices with each other, and when there is a raise of prices
those in the agreement all raise at once, just like the curtain
on a stage. Of course, all there is to any trust is an under-

standing between the members of the trust to raise prices.
All trusts are an evil, because the most powerful manufac-
turers compel other manufacturers to sell higher than they
would if no trust were in existence, and thus poor and needy
people are compelled to pay unjustly more than they ought to
pay for goods. The President is after the trusts with a sharp
stick, and possibly he will investigate the bee-supply trust.

The argument used by the manufacturer, that expensive
machinery is the cause of high prices, is nonsensical. AVe all
know that the reason modern expensive machinery is used is
to cheapen the cost of the production by labor-saving ma-
chinery, not to make it cost more. If it were not so why use it ?

However, we should always remember that the great
demand for bee-supplies is the cause of the high prices, as it
makes a trust possible, and we are the ones who have been
demanding the goods, so, in a measure, the manufacturer is
justifiable in raising prices. The rise of prices of raw mate-
rial is responsible only for a part of the raise in prices of
hives. The manufacturer ought to buy lumber much cheaper
than the bee-keeper, by buying in large quantities. However,
if our honey customers were as eager to buy our honey as the
bee-keepers are to buy factory-made hives, and if some bee-
keeper in our locality would persist in selling honey real
cheap, would we not make it a business of ours to ask that
bee-keeper to charge more for his honey ? In fact, we would
probably all agree to raise the price of honey. Then what
would we be? Some people would call it a " trust," others
would say there was merely an understanding, and if the de-
mand still continued great, and our customers would take our
honey at a good price as fast as we could produce it, we would
not, I think, put honey down in price of our own accord, nor
could our customers expect it. Neither can we expect lower
prices for hives as long as we demand so many of them at
present prices. Knox Co., III.

=^ ^

(£onr>cntton
Procccbings

^

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from pag'e 633.J

EVENING SESSION.

At 7 :30 o'clock p. m. Pres. York called the convention
to order and stated that before proceeding with the business
they would be favored with some music and a couple of
readings.

Master Ferdinand Moore and Miss Esther Wheeler, fa-
vored the convention with instrumental solos ; Mrs. Dittmer
pleased them with a reading entitled, "A Lullaby," while
Dr. Miller convulsed the audience by a reading showing how
a certain Geniian was cured of rheumatism by the bee-stings.

ADVERTISING HONEY AS A HEALTH FOOD.

"What can this Association do in the line of advertising
that will show the value of honey as a health food in the
newspaper press?"

Dr. Miller— I think perhaps the Association will do
about as much as it can be expected to do in that direction
by the publication of this report, in getting in the things
that were said here to-day and encouraging the publication
of items in the local press.

BREAKING DOWN PRICES OF HONEY.

"What can this Association do along the lines of pre-
venting bee-keepers themselves from breaking down the
prices of honey early in the marketing season?"

Mr. Wilcox — That is the most important question we
have to consider ; at least it has been with me all my life.
We have never found a solution, and I don't believe we
ever will. I believe that the best advice we ever had on
that subject was that given by our late friend, Thomas G.
Newman, when he advised us to work the home market, to
see it was always supplied with all the honey it could take.
The aim should be to increase the consumption. It is quite
certain that there is not as much honey consumed as there

Sept. 14, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURl>iAL

649

can be, and should be, and would be if it were propeily
presented to all people. It involves an extensive system of
advertising, and that has been told over and over again by
Mr. Abbott and others, and yourself, Mr. President, and I
believe that it is in the right direction. I can't think of
anything better to get the world to know it is good, and
use it. I propose to try a little scheme of niv own of honey
and buckwheat cakes, simply because they are tw'o com-
modities in which I feel interested. I believe the two will
work well together, and the consumption of one will help
the consumption of the other, for anything that will tend
to increase the consumption of one will help the other.

Pres. York — I think the price of honey is lowered by
some bee-keepers not knowing wdiat honev is worth starting
out with the price too low.

Mr. Wilcox — The remedy for that, so far as my <- an
locality is concerned, has been by some one who does know
the value of honey, or can learn it, in the season buying
up all the cheaper lots and putting them upon the market
at the proper price.

Mr. Whitney — It seems to me that the way to furnish
a good market for honey is to produce the very best article
you can, and make people believe it. I have known honey
to be sold at 15, 16, 18 and 20 cents a section right in a
community where much honey was selling for 10 cents,
simply because they knew that the honey they were paying
the higher price for was all righl. I think every bee-keeper
ought to do the very best he can, not be slipshod, not have
dirty-looking sections, not have one full of holes all around,
or perhaps not filled at the bottom of the section at all.
Produce the best article you can, and make people believe
it is all right, and set your own price.

Dr. Miller — I suppose that nearly all here have been
taught to believe by the newspapers that tliey need a biscuit.
Pick up any newspaper and "Uneeda biscuit" will stare you
in the face. Thousands and thousands of dollars are evi-
dently spent in advertising that one style of biscuit. Those
men are not spending money for fun; they are not wasting
money, either : they are level-headed men, with a standard
article that needs money spent in advertising it. Is tliere
any question that a proper amount of advertising of honey
would bring in returns? Is Mr. France here? I was just
w-ondering whether he would agree with my statement or not.
Yes, there he is. Mr. France, I want to see if you will ap.rce
with me. If the money that has been spent by the National
.Association helping to settle quarrels were spent in adver-
tising honey in the public press, somewhat in the same way
that "Uneeda Biscuit" is being advertised, I believe it would
do more good, just a little more, at least, towards raisins the
standard of honey all over the comitry. Now if you don't
believe that, Mr. France, say so.
Mr. France — I endorse it.

Dr. Miller — Good for you. I believe that is a point in
the right direction. You ask what can this Association do?
If this Association could get enough money into its treasury
to help in that same direction that would be a good thing.
For at least this Association is helping to make the National
what it ought to be, and I am speaking for one only when
I say that I believe there is a great work for the National
before it to advertise honey, to put a lot of money in It
will take a lot of money. But if the thousands upon thou-
sands of bee-keepers in the country could be got into it there
would be money enough to do some good. I know very well
some of you will say it will take so much money you need
not try it at all. If you can suggest something better I will
take that back.

Mr. Moore — There is a thought that occurs to me, dif-
ferent from anything that has been expressed by anybody
else. I was one of those who went to the Illinois Legislature
and helped them to get a law two years ago for bee-keepers
— and an appropriation. In the midst of other things this im-
pressed itself upon my mind: The faith and confidence that
the Legislature and the public at large have in associalions.
There is so much crookedness in the world at large that
people are skeptical about anything they don't know anything
about. For instance, take this question of manufactured
comb honey: The public at large do not know any ; ore
about comb honey or foundation than a week-old baby does
about arithmetic or the dictionary, imtil they are tau'ulit by
the specialist, and they decide the worst possible thinu out
of their absolute ignorance on the subject. But the\ liok
upon our associations, the bee-associations, the dairymcir- as-
sociations, the fruit men's associations, and anything r. ni-
ing from those associations, and put forth in a formal niaii icr,
as the act of those associations, and give full cred 'ce.
Witness the Dairymen's Association got through the law

establishing a pure food commission. I think I am correct
in saying there would be no such law on the statute book to-
dav unless the dairymen had talked it and worked for it.
Another thing, three or four associations were given appro-
priations by the Legislature two years ago. They give the
Illinois State Bee-Keeper's Association $2,000. "They did
that because the association asked for it, and they took at
one hundred percent all the statements made by the asso-
ciation. Now, let us, along with the National, advertise in
such papers as seems best, "Buy your honey of members of
the National Bee Keepers' Association," or other associa-
tions, according to your judgment, and continue that year
after year, not at large perhaps, but somewhere every month
in the year for five years. After a while everybody who
reads the English language will know that there is honey
sold that is guaranteed by the name of the National Bee
Keepers' .Association, and people will come to inquire for
honey under the brand and guarantee of the bee-keepers'
association. That has been done for ten years now in Ver-
mont. The Vermont Maple Sugar Makers' Association issues
a very fine report every year, and I have had the pleasure
of reading two or three of them, and one of their methods
was to go to the Legislature and get as stringent a law as
they could. Then they have adopted a brand which is issued
to all members of the Vermont Maple Sugar Makers' Asso-
ciation. It is a general brand which is copyrighted or trade-
marked, which ever it is, and there is a blank for each mem-
ber to put in his own individual name and address, and there is
a penalty against any one using this except authorized parties.
It seems to me that is perfectly feasible, when you take into
consideration the public minds, and advertising would be a
way to spend some of our money.

Mr. Becker — Those bee-keepers that are taking the bee-
papers and are paying annual fees here, claim to get a fair
price for their honey. Now, suppose we advertise, you have a
certain clement to contend with that almost give their honey
away. You go through the country, and even in my section
of country. I can cite you 25 or 35 that have from 5 to 50
colonies of bees, and one of our own members of the Illinois'
Bee-Keepers' Association a few years ago sold her honey at
10 cents a pound, as fine white clover honey as ever was
put on the market. The storekeepers themselves said, "'We
would just as soon give her 12'/< cents as 10 cents." The past
summer I knew of one case where a man sold 1,000 pounds
of honey at S cents a pound — tine wdiite clover honey. I was
after the honey myself, but happened to be just one day too
late, and he wouldn't sell any quantity, but he wanted to sell
the entire lot at 8 cents a pound. Last year I bought 1,000
pounds of honey at 9 cents a pound in the same locality.
I could have bought 5,000 pounds more at S cents. What
are you going to do with those that know the price, and
hold the better honey at simply a fair price? The past
summer, when I wanted to sell my honey, I had to run
up against honey sold at 12J4 cents a pound and I bought
12 cases myself and gave Vi'A for it to the storekeeper.
The storekeepers are just about as smart as we are. You
come into the city with a thousand pounds of honey on i^our
wagon and you want to sell it. You bring it to a store and
they say, "Well, we will give you so much money for it."
If you are a stranger in that city you probably can drive all
over it and you can't get any more money for it, and you
might as well have taken the first bid in order to get rid
of your honey. These grocery keepers have an organization
that is called the Retail Grocery Association. When a fellow
comes in, the first man he strikes makes an offer. If you
could stay around you would probably see him go to his
telephone and watch the honey man, to see which direction
he is going, and then telephone to his next friend, "There
is a man in town with so much honey; I made an ofi'er of
so much money :" that is when there is an abundance of
honey. If the article is scarce then they buy it. But you
will always have to contend with the bee-keepers who do not
know the prices and do not care. They bring their honey in-
to market early, and you men that have honey and are try-
ing to make a living have to hold on until that honey is
out of the way, and is consumed, before you get better prices.
You have to contend with tin se parties that do not take a
bee-paper, and don't know the price of honey nor how much
honey there is in the country. They sell it for whatever they
can get. They go to the store and take it out in other
commodities, while you want to get the cash for it ; and they
alwavs sell it for less money than we can.

The balance of the evening session was in the hands of
Ernest R. Root, who delivered a very interesting lecture,
copiously illustrated with stereopticon views, also with mov-
ing pictures. (Continued next week)

650

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14, 190S

/T

V

TXix. ^asty s aftcrtl^ougf^ts

The " 0)d Reliable " seen through New nnd Uareliable Glasses
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

=J

SHOTGUN METHOD OF GETTING DOWN SWARMS.

Actual experiences with the shotgun
method of getting down high clusters are
very welcome. Frank E. Kellogg's seems to
open up new possibilities, in that the limb
proved a little too big to shoot off. The im-
pact of two charges of shot at once gave a jar
sufficiently violent to drop them pretty clear,
not tailing off the limb. The sequel was a
rather improbable one that I guess must not
be expected every time. They didn't do the
most probable thing—remain crawling on the
ground— neither the next most probable, fly
up to the same place again, but took a third
and unusually kindly course of alighting in
an easier place. I kind o' guess that a swarm
that happened to be feeling almost ready to
start again would be less frantically persistent
in going right back to the identical spot than
one that has recently clustered frequently is.
But that would be a very risky idea to travel
on. Page 524.

HONEY-TANK CABS FOR BEE-KEEPERS.

There are a few customers that use ex-
tracted honey in great quantities. The%j don't
like tin cans. Too petty and fussy. I wonder
if the honey-trade will ever grow to having
its own tank cars, and so avoid both the pet-
tiness of tins and the everlasting leakage of
barrels. The honey-tank car I view as differ-
ing from the oil-tank car only in having a
bigger man-hole, by means of which a man
could go in, and, standing on a big plank,
shovel candied honey into a half-barrel bucket.
Of course, the honey alioidd be used out
while still liquid; but Shouldn't Bees are so
plenty in this world that I guess they should
be provided against in this case. Page 533.

ONE SWARM OR NO SWARM PER COLONY?

As to whether one swarm or no swarm is to
be preferred, 3 of the 29 experts do not meet
the question very squarely. Of the remaining
.ib only 4 decidedly favor the one swarm.
About 19— a very heavy majority— desire a
*a'u'^ of things in which there is no swarming.
About U point out that no swarming is best
for a short, early flow with no late surplus,
while the colony and iis swarm will exceed
where there is a good, late harvest. Page 535.

HIVES NUMBERED AND IN GROUPS.

Yes, sir, in Dr. Miller's apiary No. 35 stands
right by the side of No. 26, instead of at the
opposite corner of the yard as it's " the way "
to have them. We can see this in the picture
on page ,->34. We can also see that he places
his hives in the up-to-date 4-hive group I

admit that my groups of 9 are not as good;
but changing is troublesome, and also my
style is better in some things; so I keep on in
a way that is not up to date. One minor
thing in which my style excels is that it is
entirely needless to have any visible figures.
Each stand has its number, and I can in-
stantly tell it without any numbers posted up
to view. This faculty is not any sleight of
mine, but any one could quickly learn to do
the same thing.

CYPRIANS AS QUEEN-REARERS.

I Still hold fast my view that building an
extravagant number of queeo-cells is one of
the badges of inferiority, and that a disposi-
tion to build only three or four represents the
highest development. The Cyprians are halt-
way back to bumble-beeism, in which state
every female is more or less a queen. One of
my biggest I-don't-knows is 1 don't know
whether it can do any harm to have Cyprians
rear queens for more highly developed races.
Suspicious. Let the attenuation of the food
be carried far enough and the queen wouldn't
be a queen at all, but just a worker. I sus-
pect that the same thing cirried not quite so
far would produce a short-lived queen. Dr.
Miller must carefully watch and see whether
those Cyp-reared queens live as long as they
ought to— and then tell us, " honest Iniun "
Page 534,

THE LEAGUE'S SHIPPING-CASE CIRCULAR.

For saying just what ought to be said, and
leaving out an immense amount of rubbish
that does not need to be said, the Honey Cir-
cular on page 536 deserves very high praise
indeed. But I wish to plead hard for one
little change in future editions. In the fourth
paragraph read " enforced " in place of "in
force." The latter only means on the books
and capable of being enforced. A State which
has a pure food law and takes no particular
pains to enforce it is no safe place to buy ex-
tracted honey on the general market. Don't
let The Honey-Producers' League begin by
retailing flbs to the profit of the honey-man
and the harm of the public. Creating confi-
dence in extracted honey where it is not 1
worthy of confidence is just doing the adul-
terator's work for them.

u S" B*^ ^likely some will negleot to obey the
N. B.," because they can't imagine whii
Would it be worth the while to put in be-
tween the second sentence and the third,
' Honey has a troublesome tendency to ab-
sorb moisture ?" To be sure, one might guess
the why if he would meditate a little on the
closing sentence as it is.

/T

L

(Dur ^zzliz(tx>\\\(x^ Sisters

=^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bee-Keeplng and Most Deslrabla
Aplapian Outnt

Dear Miss Wilson:— I have not now even
a colony of bees, but hope by next spring to
have a nice little start in the business. I kept
bees for three years in a little village railway
town, starting with 2 colonies and incre.asing
to 11 at the end of the third year, and although
It was new work for me, and a side-issue, as
1 was in a little store, and one season was
very wet and one very dry, still I think 1 did
very nicely in a financial way, and became
very much interested in the work, but I sold
out ray little store and so left the town, and a

little later I also sold my apiary. I had a very
nice and handy outfit.

I wish to begin right when I start in the
spring, and want to ask you some questions
to help me out. I thought you might have a
little more time and patience with a woman,
as you are a woman yourself. So I write you,
instead of Dr. Miller, who is no doubt too
busy to sit down and write answers to my
many questions. Some of them may cause
you and the good Doctor to smile, but, then,
you must remember that I am still somewhat
of a " tenderfoot," aud I am anxious to learn
more of the delightful work.

My mother has at our home 3 colonies of

bees to which this season 1 have given some
attention, and it has renewed my interest in
the work, no doubt. Mother had a lot of old
comb and old wax, and she could not afford a
solar wax-extractor, so, as I had seen one,
from memory I took a box and some glass,
tin, black paint, etc., and made one which
worked nicely, and extracted the wax as nice
and clean as we could wish. Mother had 2
colonies, and one swarmed, and that gave her
a third, which I hived for her; however, the
hives, frames, etc., are not in good shape, but
I have done the best I could with them.

Now for the questions:

1. Is there any one particular hive that you
and Dr. Miller regard as the heat, or superior
to all others? If so, what is the name of it?
Also, what kind do you use? I suppose, of
course, that you are using what you regard
as ihe best, unless there has been put upon the
market a better one since you have bought a
supply.

3. Kindly give me the dimensions and num-
ber of frames in the brood-chamber, in the
extracting-super, and also the size of same.

3. I think that I will do some extracting
and run some for comb honey, as I did before.
Which would you advise me to do, extract,
or run for comb honey, or both?

4. Do you run mostly for comb honey?
h. What size of sections do you use?

6. May I ask how many colonies of bees you
keep?

7. How do you increase— by natural swarm-
ing?

8. Do you clip your queens? Do you think
it injures them?

9. Do you have only the pure Italian strain?

10. What kind of wax-extractor do you use?
also honey-extractor?

11. In what direction do you face your
hives, and how near side by side and in rows
do you place them?

12. Do you have fruit-trees, grapes, sun-
flowers, or anything of the kind In your bee-
yard? If not, what shade do you have?

13. Do you use boards to protect your bees
from the sun or storm on the top and sides of
the hives?

14. Do you have a tight board fence on the
northwest side of the yard to protect the bees
from the cold winds and storms?

15. Do you have alighting-boards?

10. Do you keep all grass and weeds down
around the hives?

ir. How high is the body of your hives
from the ground? Flora E. Phillips.

Winnebago Co., 111.

1. We use the 8-frame dovetailed hive, and
know of nothing better, although for some
the 10-frame hive may be better, as there is
less danger of a colony running short of
stores in winter with the larger hive.

2. Eight frames, ir^sxll's inches. We do
not use extracting supers.

3. I could not advise; that would depend
entirely upon conditions. If you have made
a success in running for both it may be best
to continue that.

4. Yes.

5. 4'^x4i4'xl'^', although we have tried
others to a limited extent.

6 The present number (Aug. 38) is 231.

7. Mainly by nuclei.

8. We clip them, and could never see that
it injured them.

9. We breed entirely for the honey-gather-
ing q ualities. and most of our bees are hybrids.

10. German wax-press. The only honey-
extractor we have is the old Peabody ex-
tractor, but it is seldom used.

11. Some face east and some west. The
first two hives in the row stand as near to-
gether as they can without touching, then a
space of 3 or 4 feet, then another pair of
hives, and so on. Another row is generally
placed close up to this row, the hives stand-
ing back to back, making 4 hives in a group.

12. Our apiaries are mostly shaded by
apple-trees.

13. No.

14. No, although it might be a good thing.

15. Nothing except the projection of the
bottom-board— about :i inches.

16. Not always as well as we might.

17. The bottom-board is about 3 inches from
the ground.

Sept, 14, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

651

t

I)octor IHtUcr 5 ^ucstion^ox

\=

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does iwt answer Questions by mail.

=\

J

Keeping the Wax-Worm Out of
Sections

How do you handle supers of comb honey
so as to keep the wax-worm out ot the
sections, when you want to keep the supers
(or honey) a few weeks after taken off the
hive? How long can it be kept so that the
worms will not bother it? Missouri.

Answer. — I don't pay any attention to any-
thing of the kind, and there is no trouble.
But years ago there was trouble. The dif-
ference probably is that years ago 1 had black
bees, and now there is much Italian blood.
At that time I fumigated the sections with
sulphur 2 or 3 weeks after taking off the sec-
tions, repeating the dose some 3 weeks later.

Winter Hlve-Protectlon-
Wlnter

Feeding for

1. I am making some boxes to place over
the hives to protect the bees through the win-
ter. I would want them weather-tight.
Would it be advisable to cover them with tar
roofing paper? Or would the odor of tar be
offensive to the bees?

2. What size opening must be left for them
through the winter ?

3. When is the proper time to start feeding
for winter? Illinois.

Answers.— 1. The tar on the outside will
not trouble the bees.

2. An opening equivalent to 3 or 4 square
inches.

3. August, if they can gather nothing later.
In general, just as soon as possible after it is
known that feeding will be necessary. Gen-
erally it ought not to be necessary.

Judging from ttueen-Cells-Wax-
Moths-Dead Brood Outside of
Hive-Putting on Supers-
Feeding Bees in
Winter

1. After a queen-cell is sealed or capped,
how many days will it be before the queen
emerges, and can I tell by the outside of the
cell whether she is a good queen or not?

2. Some days ago I difcovered wax moths
in my only weak colony, so I cleaned out and
killed all the worms with the exception of a
few which went out of the entrance, down
into the grass. Is there any danger of their
going back in the hive again? What shall I
do if they should?

3. Is it a bad sign to see a few white brood
dead out on the grass in front of the hive?

4. As I read in the American Bee Journal
that as soon as the bees begin making white
wax on lop of the frames it is time to put on
the supers, I tried it, but ihey have not
started to work in them yet, although the
supers have been on over 2 weeks. How can
this be?

5. Can I fied bees in winter? With what
kind of feeder could I do it the most easy and
satisfactory way? How should I do it?

Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. The queen should emerge
something like r or 8 days after the cell is
sealed. A cell with a gooii queen in ii is likely
to be of good size and well pitied over the sur-
face with indentations. A cell with a poor
queen is likely to be small, with a smooth sur-
face. But there are exceptions; a good queen
coming from a poor-looking ceil, and rice,
versti.

2. It is not likely they will re-enter the

hive, and it they do the bees ought to be able
to take care of them, as they have now no
web to defend them. But it will be no harm
to look over the combs again, as others may
be there that were too small for you to notice;
and worms grow.

3. It is of no great significance so long as
they are very few. But if there be any great
number, look out for starving.

4. The white wax is a pretty good sign that
the bees are getting more than will meet their
daily needs, and that it is time to put on
supers. But the weather and the yield are
tickle affairs, and it may happen that after so
good a promise there is no fulfillment. Let
us hope, however, that in your case the cessa-
tion of storing is only temporary, and that a
little later there may be a rushing business.

5. There is no need of it so long as you have
the matter in mind this far in advance, and it
is very much better to have the bees fully sup-
plied before cold weather comes. Feeding in
winter is not a thing to be advised, but if
necessary it is better to give sealed combs of
honey or candy.

Colony in a Box— Do Noises Disturb

Bees ?-Preparing for Winter—

Basswood- Management

Between Harvests

1. I have a colony of bees in an old box.
What would you advise me to do with it?

2. Would the noise made by mowing the
bee-yard bother the bees any? Does noise of
any kind bother bees?

3. When should they be packed for winter?

4. About when does basswood bloom here?

5. Should the supers be left on between the
two harvests? If not, how does one know
when to put them on for the second harvest?

Iowa.
Answers— 1. A good way is to leave it
where it is till it swarms next year. Put the
swarm in a good hive; then 3 weeks later the
worker-brood will be all hatched out, when
you can cut open the box and dispose of the
comb.

2. Noises in general do not trouble bees.

3. Better have the packing done early in
November.

4. Probably about the first week in July.

5. Take them off when the lirst harvest is
over, and put on again when you can tell by
the flight of the bees that they are again stor-
ing. Sometimes there is no distinct break be-
tween the two flows, and you must keep
something u" all the time, in that case, get
off all Hnisbfd work at the close of the first
harvest, ami leave sections that have bees
started. If you work for extracted honey,
leave the supers on from one flow till the
other, only extract all light honey at the
close ot the first harvest.

What Alls the Bees ?

Karly in M
common \xi:>
them from hi
or UUO or ^i"
box-hives \\ i!
honey and tl:
were full of I
plentiful.

It seems sn
colonies ca^r
the least iiii'
supers. Tliti
decrease in :
my land, and
months, the;

arch I purchased 2 colonies ot
from a neighbor. We removed

s apiary to my land, a distance

i feet. They were in old-style
glass on one side so that the
bees could be seen. The hives

oney, and the bees seemed to be

inge to me that neither of the
a swarm this year, nor showed
lination to store honey in the
iiHc'S of the colonies appeared to
umbers after being located on
although I have had them for o
do not seem to be any more

populous or have any more honey on hand
than when I first bought them.

My neighbor has about 20 colonies. Do
you think some of the bees may have returned
to their old home and united with the colonies
there?

Inasmuch as they have neither increased
nor produced honey for me this season, do
you think that it would pay me to winter
them, especially as they are common bees in
old-style hives, and I notice infested with bee-
moths?

I have been thinking of destroying my
present outfit and trying again next spring
with Italian bees in modern hives. What do
you advise? New York.

Answer. — It is practically certain that
when, with no precautionary measures, you
removed those bees 600 feet, you gave notice
to the field-bees that they should return to
their old place. If, however, the colonies
were what they ought to have been, they
should have recovered from the set-back more
than they appear to have done. Don't destroy
them, however; if they winter satisfactorily
they will be good capital to work on next
spring. Seeing it's you, let me give you a
word of advice. Take some time evenings,
after your chickens have all gone to roost, to
study up your text-book on bee-keeping, and
after you are well informed, decide what you
want to do with those bees next spring. It
not entirely clear about it, send on any ques-
tions that occur, a little while before time for
action, and they will be cheerfully answered
in this department.

Bait for " Lining " Bees in the Woods

1. What kind of bait is the best for lining
bees in the woods?

2. How can J set it so the bees will scent it?

3. When is the best time to use it?

Michigan.

Answers. — 1. Honey diluted with water,
perhaps half and half. Some make a smudge
by burning, and some flavor the bait with
anise. Some make a smudge by burning old
combs.

2. Set it out in the open in the woods where
the bees are prospecting.

3. After the harvest is over, when there is
little or nothing to be had from flowers.

Apiary Record Book -Weak Colonies
—Outdoor Wintering

1. On the first page for Aug. 3 I see you
and your record-book. Now that record-book
is just what I want, but I do not know just
how to arrange it. I have some 50 colonies.
My hives are numbered from 1 up witn 2'., -
inch hand-painted figures. The hives are
white and the figures black. Would you give
us a sketch of a page?

2. I have 4 colonies that were hived just as
the white clover fiow was over, and they are
rather weak. Each colony has brood. Is
that a sure sign that they have a queen?

3. Would you take some frames from strong
colonies and give to these weak ones? In
this locality there is an abundance of Span-
ish-needle and goldenrod. which reach their
height this month and next.

4. Which is the better for outdoor winter-
ing, to lake olT the empty supers or to leave
them on ?

5. Shall I put straw pads over them or not?

Missouri.

Answers — 1. It is not at all certain that
what suits one for a record-book will suit
another, but I think you will Had advantage
in something that will give a perruaneut record
ot each colony. You will find it a great
advantage to have conlraciions for the more
common entries — and a great many entries
will bu alike — no matter what the contrac-
tions may be, only so you will understand
them yourself. Although it luay be no model
for you to follow, I cheerfully give you a
trantrript of one colony, the one that I think
has done the poorest of any in the home api-
ary, chiefly due to the fact that it started in

652

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14. 1905

with a poor queeo, and further to the fact
that its present queen is of the same stock ;

'• May 3 q cl g 1 br it b in 4 1 fc 33d in 4
3so aOlh soq sv Jun 12 cl OK." That's the
whole of the entry for thai one colony for the
season, and all the entries there will be. unlets
I kill lis queeo and give it a better one — a
thing that a better bee-keeper would have
done before this.

Translated into U. S. language, the record
would read:

■ On the M of May I overhauled the colony
and found that the queen wasclipped ; I gave
to the colony 1 frameof brood with the adher-
ing bees, and that made it have brood in 4
frames. I also found present a sealed queen-
cell : May 23. I found brood in 4 frames, and
8 sealed queen-cells; May 30 I saw the old
queeo, and also saw a virgin queen. -June 12
1 clipped the young queen which I found lay-
ing; then marked it ' OK ' to indicate that
there was no need to go into the hive again."

Here's a record that is more satisfactory,
not of the best colony, but one of the best,
which, up to Aug. 1, gave 120 sections, with
more to be heard from :

" Apr 23 q cl May 3 .ibr 10th t 2 br & b
4br Jun 23 noc July 12 noc 22d noc Aug I
noc." And that's all the writing there will
be about that colony, probably, except the
figures showing the number of sections taken.
In fuller language: April 22 I found that
the queen was clipped ; May 2 that there were
5 frames of brood; May io I took away 2
frames of brood with adhering bees, leaving 4
frames of brood ; and the " noc " at the four
remaining visits means that no queen-cells
were started.

2. No, there may be brood in the hive and
no queen, the queen having been taken away
since she layed the eggs that produced the
brood. There may also be brood from laying
workers. But as you gain experience you
will readily tell by the appearance of eggs and
brood wheiher it be the work of a normal
laying queen. If the eggs are evenly dis-
tributed, and the cappings of the sealed brood
be not raised like so many little marbles, you
are pretty safe in saying it is the work of a
laying queen.

3. Sometimes it is advisable to take from
thei strong and give to the weak, and some-
times it is not. It may pay where, as with
you, there is a fine late How.

4. It is better generally to take them off.

5. Not many use straw pads, but they are
good things.

Reports anb
(Sxpertcnces

and lighter sections. The sections, shipping-
cases, foundation and work are all the same,
and the bees will till a 24-pound case about as
quickly as an IS-pound one in a good flow.
C. M. Tarr.
Chippewa Co., Wis., Aug. 19.

Very Poof Season for the Bees

I put 97 colonies of bees into winter quar-
ters last fall. Some of them winter-killed,
and some starved with plenty of stores, and
by the lime they got through dwindling and
robbing I had just 5.5 left, and they were very
weak. By the time they built up and were
ready for the supers it was June 10. Then it
turned dry, and white clover failed. The first
2 weeks in July were cold and rainy, and the
bees have been hanging about the hives more
or less ever since. But they have done the
best iob of gluing I ever saw.

Sangamon Co.. 111., Sept. 1. S. T. Crim.

Not a Good S'eason

The season has not been especially good for
the bees so far, but I will have a fair return
for my work if the fall tlow proves good.

Robert B. McCain.

fJrundy Co., 111., Aug. 5.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Honey Crop a Complete Failure

The honey crop has been a complete fail-
ure in this State this year. There is not a
single pound of surplus that I know of any-
where in the State, and lots of bees starved
to death iu May and June^ the very time we
usually get a big surplus. Those that sur-
vived are getting in good shape now on cot-
ton. W. M. Bailey.

Spartanburg Co., S. C, Aug. 3.

Distance Bees Fly for NeetaF— Light-
Weight iSeetions

There has been considerable discussion the
last few years in regard to how far bees will
fly and store surplus honey. A few years ago

1 got over one ton of liuckwheat seclion
honey from about 50 colonies, and it was car-
ried 5 miles. The bees in the forenoon flew
almost entirely in one direction. There was,

2 miles away, 4 acres of buckwheat, and 5
miles away, in the same direction, tiO acres of
it. The conditions were favorable for a
honey-llow— moist and hot weather. After-
noons they worked on goldenrod, and flew in
all directions. There was no other buckwheat
in that vicinity that I could hear of.

As to light-weight sections, the honey-pro-
ducer would not know the difference in cost
to him, between sections averaging onepound

Method of Rearing Queens

I am not a baby-nucleus queen-breeder. I
use the full-size frame, and regular Lang-
stroth hive, with a solid division-board in the
center, with entrance at front for A, and at
back for B — opposite corners. Many of my
nuclei now have bees enough in them to unite
A and B, after removing one queen, and still
be strong enough to go through a moderate
winter safely.

Instead of distributing queen-cells on the
evening of the tenth day, as per Doolittle's
instructions, I allow them to remain in the
full colony until the next morning, thus get-
ting the benefit of the heat of a full colony all
night, and then hatching in a strong nucleus
before a cool night comes on them. I claim
that by this method, there is no checking in
the development of a queen; that this ap-
proaches as near to Nature's way as it is
practicable to do in commercial queen-rear-
ing. .IohnM. Davis.

Maury Co., Tenn., Aug 3.

The PaptPidge Pea

Is the sample plant which I am sending you
honey-producing? M. A. Stone.

Ida Co., Iowa, Aug. 14.

[The plant is the partridge pea, Cassio
cham:c*christa. The yellow flowers are very
conspicuous in swampy land, and the bees
easily find the nectar hidden at the base.

Prof. Cook, in the Bee-Keepers' Guide, page
429, says, " The partridge pea furnishes
abundant nectar and... has extra floral as
well as floral glands."— C. L. Walton.]

Queen-Excluding Honey-Boards

I used to buy queen-excluding honey-
boards, but have found what is for me a
cheaper and belter way. The wood and zinc-
boards interfere too much with ventilation,
and come too high. The wood-bound zinc
costs too much. The unbound zinc-boards
are generally too short and too narrow, and
cost more than they would if one buys a large
sheet of zinc and cut;, it up to suit himself.
This is what I do, cutting the zinc up as large
as the top of the hive, outside measure. In
order to preserve the bee > pace below I put a
'4.inch strip of wood across the center of the
brood-frames, and, in order to make a bee-
space above the zinc I niiil a strip of lath
around the outside edges of the zinc, or else
nail the lath to the bottom edges of the su-
per. Sometimes the bee-space below the zinc
will be preserved by the Imrr-combs on top of
the brood-frames. I do not want any wood
between the top of the m ,nd-frames and the
super. Edwin Bevins.

Decatur Co., Iowa, Aug. 7.

National. — The International Fair is to be
held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 21 to Nov.
1. When this Fair is in progress there are
very low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are harvest
excursions from the North on the 2d and 4th
Tuesdays of the month. The 4th Tuesday in
October comes on the 24th. Considering these
tacts, it has been decided to select Saturday,
Oct. 28, as bee-keepers' day at the Fair. This
will give ample time for members from the
North to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention will
begin Monday, Oct. 30, nnd cotitinue three
days.

The headquarters of the National Associa-
tion will be at the Bexar Hotel (pronounced
Baer, long sound of a) , corner of Houston
and Jefferson Sts., and rates are only .^l. 00 a
day, and up. The convention will be held at
Elks' Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

Illinois — The Western IlUaois Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet in the County Court
Room, in Gatesburg, 111., on Wednesday, Sept.
2U, 1905. All are invited to come.

E. D. Woods, Sec.

New York.— The Fulton and Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will hold the
next meeting on Wednesday, Sept. 20, 1905, at
the Central Hotel. Amsterdam, N. Y, The an-
nual election of officers will take place at this
meeting, and also two delegates will he ap-
pointed' to aitend the meeting of the State As-
sociation at some time during the coming win-
ter, and also any other business which may
come up at this meeting. All are invited to
come and bring vour bee-keeping friends.

West Galway, N. Y. T. I. DbGCALE, Sec.

ITjSLLiIA.3Sr

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $ .65

One tested queen 90

One select tested queen.. 1.10

One breeding queen 1.65

One comb nucleus (no

queen) 1.00

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arrival guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
orices. ••• *-•• S1'K<»I^<w.

304 East Logan Street. CLARINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joarnd.

' FOR SALE

12 ixty-pound cans white clover E.XTR ACTED
HONbV. This was stored in combs free from
p.>Uen and In which no brood had been reared.
The honey was t radically all sealed when ex-
tracted. 8 cts Tier oouod on cars here.

EDWIN BEVINS,

37Alt LEON. IOWA.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device Is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Ifor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we

will mail the Bee Journal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORaE W . YORK & CO. ,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

Sept. 14. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

653

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. Special WiscounI on all l>ee>!«Hpplie>t
not no'w in season. L.ewis' Coods at. factory prices. Catalog free.

Honey-Packages for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Bucliets. UlaNs .lars Mitli patent spring
Stealers anti glass stoppers: regular Glass Fruit-,Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on (Jlass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

Fine Italian Queens by Return Mail

Untested Queens S .75 I Tested Queens $1 00

Select Untested Queens 1.00 | Select Tested (Queens 2.00

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. Jf
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantily of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Uest service,
lotvest Ireiglit rates satislaciion to all.

C« lVI> soon r & 00> INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •

ET

•n- •^•^■

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessbe QnEENS for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by KKTURN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian ; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-ton^e; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, aDd to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for te.OO

6 for 3.25

1 for 60

After Oct. 1. I Tested—

Untested 12 for $7..50 | Each...

" 6 for 4.00 Breeders-

" 1 for 75 Kach. . .

.$1.50
. 3.00

27A13t

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

lO-Page Catalog Free!

1^

^M Full information regardiDK all kinds of BBB-
KBBPBRS' SUPPLIES, Best goods. Latest Im-
provements. Danzenbaber Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John Nsbel & Son Sppplt
CO.. High Hill. Mo, aDtf

Please nxentlca Bee ^ottmal "wlieii 'wrltlac

ITALIAN QUEENS,

Untested 65o $1.75 $3.00

Tested 90o 2.40 4.50

Safe arrival guaranteed.

JOHN LEININQER, Ft.Jennlngs.Ohio

29Dif Please mention the Bee Journal.

S Send for Our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. a

OUR i3:i"v^ES AND sEOTionsrs ^

Are Perfect In Workmanship and Material.

By sending in your order now, you will SAVE MONEY, and
secure prompt shipment.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. usa |

*

i
*

87 \ Percent Saved

In mortality to those insure<'. in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

OF

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insura ice Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a 1 nd issued by the
National Total Abstinence i . ague.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Addr^ ss.
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 MarqueK i Bldg., Chicago, III.

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the
following prices:

; .lb. .Jars with corks — 1 case of 21 doz. for
?5 .50; 'A oases, $15.50.

;'i-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5 '-ih: :! cases for .*15.

l-ll). Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 12 doz., for Jo;
3 cases for $14.

HanT.' Comb.Foundation Mills

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

YORK HONEY '^st.PPu^E CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Pa'4ll878t '82) 'U2 & 190ft

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904,
Dear Sir: — Ihave tried almost everythinR- in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enongh for me. I thank the editor of Re-
▼iew for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fkbd Fodnbr,
iPioaee TuwQtioit Bee Joamai -wheii wntoiis.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremontp Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discouata to the Trade.

' ■■ Normal rates have been restored
by all lines between Chicago, Buffalo,
New York, Boston, and other Eastern
points and the Nickel Plate Road is
stilt prepared to furnish strictly first-
class service between Chicago and the
East, in their 3 daily through trains
to New York and Boston, at rates as
low as obtained by any other line.
Meals served as you like, in the dining-
car, cither a la carte, club, or table de
hote. but in no case will a meal cost
more than $1.00. Our rates will be of
interest to you, and information cheer-
fully c;iven by calling at 111 Adams
Street, or addressing John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, or 'phoning Central 2057.

33— 36A4t

Plc?.se Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

654

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14, 1905

<!). How the Canadians Like 4. I

^ Moore's Strain of Itaiians f> I

If J. L. Byer. Markham, Ont., Can., 6ays: w

yt *' I use a very large hive and have been getting Italian stock from different breeders, |r

M and yours are ihe only Italians that fill up my biff hives with rousine big colonies. They M

^ winter «plendidly, out-doors, are hustlers after hooey, and not one tjueea has yet casta n

S swarm." , . ., j ,- -„ W

n. Untested Queens 7oc each ; six, »4; dozen, S'loO jf

?!5 Select Untested SlOOeach; 6ix,.?5; dozen, *9. 00 ,"

^ Descriptive circular free. I am now tilling orders by return mail, and shall fl;

# probably be able to do so until the close of the season. W

I 29Dtf J. P. WOO RE, Rt. 1, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky. |

Wisconsin Basswood Sections KowisthefctoOrder

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian Queens

Untested, after Jiine 15, ~5c; Tested, $1,00;
Breeders — the very best, $5 00. Terms cash
with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed. ^VALXER «. HO»«S.

1123 Blaine Ave,, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
27A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$."iO to $1(0 per month salary assured ourKraduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Larfjest svstem of telegraph schools in
America, Endorsed by all railway ofiQcials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAVS IN DEMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write for Cataloi:.

MORSE School of Telegraphy.

Cincinnati, O, Buffalo, N,Y, Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.
Wis. Texarkana, Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention the Bee Journal

2 for $1.10, or 6 or more at one time, 50 cents each. The Weekly American Bee
.Journal one year (either new or renewal subscription) with one of these fine Queens
— both for $1.30. Better have one or more of the Queens. They give satisfaction
Remember, the above oSers expire Oct. 1, 1905. First come first served.

k Standard-Bred sr.. Queen, 60 cents

i

An Untested Italian Queen=Bee
FREE as a Premium

'=^=^ For Sending One New Subscriber =^=^

for the American Bee Journal for a year with SI OO,

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a line Stacdard-Bred Un-
tested Italian (Jueeii to the person who complies with the following conditioue all
of which must be strictly followed : ""ii.>uuo, uii

I
I

in ad

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own «ub«criDtion
ad*an«-eat least to the end of this vear. "

paid

2. Sending your own name with Sl.OO for the Bee Journal will not entitle voii
to a Queen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a «!-:%»' subscriber- which ^ean/
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one ■ and also the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Be? Tnnrn.l i«
already being taken. "ocuuuiuaiia

We think we have made the foregoing sulliciently plain so that no error need

be made. Our Premium t^ueens are too valuable to throw

earned in a legiiimaie way
Address all orders to

They are worth working for.

away— they must be

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

i

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

PURE ITALIAN BEES

The most beautiful, gentle, prolific, best
working, and, bfitiff lone tongued, best honey-
gatberers. PRIZES — VI. Swifs Agricultural
Exhibition, Berne, 1895; Swiss National Exhi-
bition, Geneva, 1896; Bee Keeping Exposition,
Liege, Belgium, 18'JS; Uoiversal Exposition,
St. Louis, U. S. A., 1904. THE HIOHES f
AWARD. Extra Select Breeding Queen, $3.00;
six, $16.00; dozen, $30.00. Selected yueen. $2.00;
six, $11 00; dozen, $20.00. Special prices on
larger number. The addresses must be clear;
payments by postal money orderp. If by chance
a queen dies upon the journey she is to be re-
turned immediately, withapistal certificate,
and another queen will be sent gratis. Address

ANTHONY BIAGGI

PEDEVILLE, NEAR BELLINZONA,

ITALIAN SWITZERLAND

This country is politically the Switzeilaud
Republic, but lies geographically in Italy, and
possesses the best kind of bees known. In
writigg mention the American Bee Journal.

Select Tested Brenlers

Golden Yellow Breeding Queens, .*!. Every
young queen from them yellow as gold. Non-
swarming, non-stingers and hustlers for
honey. S-page leaflet on Queen-Rearing tree
to all.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee joumai when writlmt

ES" When planning a business or
pleasure trip from Chicago to Buffalo,
New York, Boston, or any Eastern
point, you should investigate the satis-
factory service aflforded by any of the
3 Express Trains operated by the Nickel
Plate Road. Colored porters are in
charge of coaches, whose duties are to
look after the comfort of passengers
while enroute. Special attention shown
ladies and children, as well as elderly
people, traveling alone. No excess
fare charged on any train on the Nickel
Plate Road. American Club Meals,
from 35 cents to SI. 00. served in Nickel
Plate dining cars. One trial will result
to your satisfaction. AU trains leave
from La Salle Street Station, only
depot in Chicago on the Elevated Rail-
road Loop. Call on or address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago. 34— 36An

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Sept. 14 ■ I'S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

65

B66§UPPli6S I

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest^ Prices IE

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

We have been makings Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO..

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

flease mention tiee Journal vrhen wrlUns

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUNO CANS
We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
■\»'oo<l Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 1 can
in a box, at 8 cents a pound ; 2 or more cans,
boxed, at 7}^' cents— all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order. Sample, by mail, 8 cents in
stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEY

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL

AND BEEriO
iUPPLY \j\J,

PLENTY
FOR ALL

8liiDDino=6a§6§

Made of Michigan white pine; 24-lb.,$13;
1-2-lb., .?8; 20-lb. Danzy, $11 per 100; less ihan
100 lots, Kc more each; 3-in. glass. Ic each
more ; No.' 1 Sections, 84 ; No. 2, S3.50 per
1000. All kinds of Supplies kept in stock.
Send for list. W. O. SOPKR.

Rural Route 3, vlACKSON, MICH.

27Dtf Please meution the Bee Journal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning^, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO..

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would pay those having u in car
lots or otherwise lo write us. Give us jour low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and styleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm i« the U S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Coio., and FaiRFiELn, III.
28 A.tf Pleaae mention the Bee Jouraa I.

DON'T BE BOTHERED

»itlili-^e on poultry. HchlldVLlirht-
nliig Lice Killing Muchlne iristant*
ly removes tbeni fmrn tiniest tUlck
nr fat gobbler. 3 sizeH. Al**" Poultry
RitP. Lice Murder, I.lK'btnlnp Lioo
Killini; Powder, et<?. <'!italr>tf free.

CHARLES ecniLO CO..
8 FronkftirC St. Cleveland. O*

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnaii are the lowesN

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIG-HT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

10 ?mm Discount)

For Cash Oi ders Received jn

^ J^SEPTEMBERi*^

This applies to all froods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER ="

Office and Silesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, Aug. 1>; —The demand has absorbed
all the oflfeiiugs of fancy and A No. 1 grades of
white comb honey at 14c, while No. 1 has sold
atl3@13i^c. No call at present for other than
the best grade, it really betog difficult to place
what ordinarily is called No. 1. Extracted,
white. 6@7c; amber, light and dark,S@'6c. Bee
wax, 28c. R. A. Burnett Sl Co.

Albany, N.Y., July 26.— There is some call
for honey, new crop, and if here would proba-
bly sell for best prices of season, as the general
impression is there will be a large crop. White
comb honey will start off at 15c to early buyers.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Aug. 24.— The honey market
here shows a decided improvement and the
market is firm at $2.85 to $3.00 for No. 1 and
fancy white comb in 24 section cases. Amber
and other grades are selling for less, according
to quality. Extracted in fair demand, white
selling at 6Mcents; other grades downto4J^c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Denver, June 26.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is light at present,
and there is enoutrn of old stock on hand yet to
last until the new crop conies in; the same is
selling as follows: No. 1 white comb, per case
of 24 sections, i:'" f 2.20; No. 2. $l.75@$2. White
extracted, 6}4<^" "He perpound. Beeswax, 26c.
The Colo. Uonby-Prodccers' Assn.

Cincinnati, C, Sept. 8.— It appears by this
lime, that comb honey will not be so plentiful.
In some parts of the West the crop has been
more or less a lailure. Prices so far have not
changed much yet. Fancy white comb. 13@l5c.
Extracted seems to be more plentiful. In bar-
rels, light amber, 5K@5Jic; in cans, J4c more;
white clover from 7f*£8c. Beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W. Webkb.

Indianapolis, Sept. 2 — There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De*
maud for lower grades of comb honey not gocd.
I Numerous shipmi i- is of hooey arriving, but no
one producer seen.^ ^ to have very great quanti-
ties to offer. I ijiiote fancy white at 14(gl5c;
No. 1 in poor dem. tid at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade extracted brings S^^c in oO-lb.
cans; amber slow at 5c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

New York, Sept. 7.— New crop of comb honey
is now arriving lu small way and fancy stock
finds ready sale a' i4@lSc per pound; No. 1, at

12@13c, and amber at Uc. No buckwheat on
the market as yet. Extracted in good demand,
and we quote California at 6(§J7Jic per pound,
acccrding to quality; Southern at from 55@65c
per gallon; white clover at 6M'« 7c per pound.
Beeswax steady at 29c per pound.

Hildreth & Seoblkbn

Philadelphia, Aug. 21.— Some honey arriv-
ing, with prospects of a good crop all ^hruugh
the East, but no call for comb hooey during
the hot weather, so that prices are not as yet
established. Extracted honey arriving freely.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 7(§i8c; am-
ber, 6(a7c. Beeswax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Cincinnati, Sept. 7.— There is Uttle to report
s'nce our quotation two weeks ago. The supply
of both comb and extracted honey is fair, and
the demand is good. We offer extracted honey
as follows: Amber, in barrels and cans, at
SvHtao^c, respectively. White clover at 7@S>ic.
Fancy white comb honey at 12@15c. Beeswax,
2'> cents. The Fred W.Muth Co.

San Francisco, Aug. 30.— White comb, 1-lb-
sections, 'i@10 cents; amber, 7rrf 8c. Extracted,
water-white, 4?4@5c; white, 4%(^4Hc; light am-
ber, 3^@4 cents; amber, 3@3Mc; dark amber,
2Ji@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 26@27c.

Honey is now a drug on the market and is
moving off very slowly. Receipts are coming
in freely and are of first-class quality, running
very light in color this year. Prices on all va-
rieties show a slight weakening, owing to an
extremely sluggish demand, it having been
thought that some of the large holdings might
be moved at a slightly lower figure.

FOR SALE

Until further notice, fiae.t quality new crop
California Waler White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity you want.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y.

34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrire.
You cant have healthy, profitable
fowls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all Insert vermin and
makes 'slttlne hen<» rnmfortahle.
Sample iflc; 100 oz,. ?l.oo l.y evpiesa,
O. K. MTOCK FOOI» < O.,
D.J. Laml»ert, Vice-Pres.
406Monon Bidg.. Cblcoffo, IlL

Please mention I5ee Journal
wben writing advertisers.

656

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 14, 1905

DISCOUNT

ON ORDERS ACCOMPANIED BY CASH SENT US DURING

SEPTEMBER

9 percent during October.
8 percent during November.

7 percent during December.
6 percent during January.

4 percent during February
2 percent during March.

This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current use.

On receipt of the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity we will
mail to any address free of charge postpaid a copy of our little book, "Bee Pranks,"
which is a pamphlet compiled from newspaper clippings containing many laughable and
interesting anecdotes which have actually happened in the life of the bee. Published
only by G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber &
San Francisco.

Milling Co.,

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Hooey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

Q. B. LEWIS CO. ^

Manufacturers of

ee- Keepers'
Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A..

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at Chicago, Dec. 5, 6, 7

DEE Journal

WEEKLY-SI.OO A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO., 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPTEMBER 21, 1905

No. 38

MR. J. P. BLUNK AN'T^' APIARY — WEBSTER CO., IOWA.

See page 663)

f^

'-^mm

658

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 21, 190S

PCBLISBED WEEKLY BV

GEORGE W.YORK S COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal fs
$l.fH> a year. In the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-ISABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispaiu.
Forin8tance,"dec<i5" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1904.

STTBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS —We do not send a

receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National BeeKeepers' Association

Object5 of the Association

Ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riffhts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wla,

^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
DQblishers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

( Incorporated J

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

I . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual lee of $l.()n for each
20 tor fraction of 2u) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

'2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supplydealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member fin the
annual payment of a fee of $io, increased by one-
fifth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied Interests of bee-keeping,

Gborge W. roRK, Manager,

3J4 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Itailsn Queea*Bee Free as a Premluai

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905. we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending ubONK NEW subscription with $i.»io for the
Bee Journal a year. Nt>\v is the time to get new
Hubscnbers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over ^ of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Pere
Marquette k.K., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

GEORGE E. HILTON,

28A12t FREMONT. MICH.

FINF OIIFFN^ ^'■'om my 3 and 5 banded
Vl u r ^ M LongTongued Italrads.
By Return Mall Equal to any for hooey-
gathering and gentleness.

Mr. Chas. M. Darkoa-, Dear Sir:— The bees

and queen received in ^j^ood condition, only a

few dead bees; indeed, it is a fine queen, and

the bees are No. 1. Thanking yon for the same,

Yours truly, J. J. Vosberg.

Peach Orchard, Ark., Aug. 19, 1905.

Select Tested (or Warranted Tested] $1 each.
No disease. I guarantee ail queens perfect, to
arrive safely, and give reasoaable satisfaction.
CHAS. M. DARROW.

23Atf K. F. D. No. 1. MILO, MO.

7»r

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES

ft'.- it'-
'if.' -if«

Root's Goods ai Root's PrlC6s i

Everything- used by BeeKeepers.

POUUER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .•. .•. Catalog Free.

If you wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my
free monthly price-list of honey.

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE. and avail
yourself of the following very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

For cash orders before Oct. 1 .
For cash orders before "Nov. 1
For cash orders before Dec. 1 .

Percent I For cash orders before Jan. 1.. 7 percent

10 For cash orders tefore Feb. 1. .6 percent

9 For cash orders before Mar. 1 ..4 percent

8 I For cash orders befoie Apr. 1.-2 percent

WALTER S. POUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

.«Av. i^'- .«'#'■- -<■#■- -*%'- ■i%i'' liMk: i^''- -^t«- .*4». .<>#«- .*$'■ .^%»- .^^y. .Wi*. .WAir. Jith. .*$0. kAif. .WAir. .«Air. .WAb. kAk. «fc. ^A«.
-li^m- •if^n.- -M^^m -ii|« -j;|it Vif «' -J>y7 'Jfl? 'JifK Jif* -^f« <»#.» '»f? <•#? *|.» ^ff? i»fy i»f? ''■f,« '*if*T!f « '^

•'ease roPnT-ion bee jouxDai wlien writji:

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION t'h'e BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working- Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville. Tex., Agents for Texas.

GUS. DITTMER,

Ptease mentlots 8®8 Joromal wjien -wzitOi^

Augusta, Wis.

IT'S TIME TO FEED

Feeding time is here and you will want feeders. There are none better made than
the Miller-Boardman Entrance Division-Board Feeder and the Simplicity Bottom-Board
Feeder. Tney can be attached to the bottom-board and left all the year around. Are
made on honor and sold direct from the factory to you, saving you a middleman's
profit.

Your orders will receive prompt attention. Send them early.

Don't fail to send us your address for our new catalog, which will be very compre-
hensive, and will give you many valuable pointers upon bee keeping.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

•^eae« meonnn Bo« .i(»iifTia» ivqaq WTmjuctft

ID percent Discount

On orders accompanied
bv cash sent us in SEP-
TEMBER. This applies
use.

to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current

By Return Freight or Express. Send to

fl. M. ARND, '^rfX'OIZ' Tli^TWfV -^NO BEE f^f\

Mgr. X %J1XiMSL XXUJ3I X4 JL SUPPLY \J%J, INot Inc).

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want <jSoo<l Ooods
at Factory Prices and Prompt S^taipinent, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal ISWS^

Sept. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

659

#

"DADANT'S FOUNDATION" |

AND ^

BEE=SUPPUES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

NameofGradB 1-lb. S lbs. 10-lbs. 25 lbs. SO lbs.

Medium Brood 55 53 51 49 48

Light Brood 57 55 53 51 50

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56 55

Extra Thin Surplus. ..65 63 61 59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY m NoroRip shipping

CASES. ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE, AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT. AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO. ,

No. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI. OHfO.

4Sl/\i>U>\l/\t/U/il/\l/U/\li\i/UAl/\l/\l/\liVI/il/\i/\)i\t>Ui\l>V)A^^

B66 - SUDDI16S ! |

We carry a larj^'B stock and greatest

variety of evervthiDg needed in the ^'•

Apiary, assurinj; Ijest goods at lowest S^

'.^ prices, and prompt sliipments. We want every bee-l<eeper tn have our Free lUus- ^[

f5 trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hivts, Massie Hives, etc. ^

• s> Write at once for Catalog, either English or German liuiKuage. g.

^ KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. J:

^ AGENCIES ^

iS Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, NeD. I Fnlton&FoiV Garden City, Kansas. &

■^ Shngart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I.H.Myers, mar, Colo. ^'

4 Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San .^ uio, Tex. &

LOSS BY LICE

ou poultry amounts to many times
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Lice— tbe sure preventive. Loss
fan be saved and profit made by-
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lifre without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 tz., by express, $I.'JU.

O. K. STOCK FOOD CO..

D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bld^.* Chlcaeo, III.

Bee-Reepers' |
Early Discoiiots

Get New Subscribers

Why not f,"' •
the Ameriiai!
with your ow

. New Subscriber fer
Bee Journal, to send
renewal ?

Now in the Time to send in your
order for froods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Before October 1 deduct 10 percent

'■ November 1:. " 9 "

" December 1.. " 8 '■

January 1. . .. " 7

" February 1 . . . " 6

" March 1 " 4

•' April 1 " 2

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
loweit Can take Honey and Beeswax
in e-vcbao^e for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Cataloff. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything fcr
both tbe Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street, fi

TOI-iHJIDO, OHIO, g

660

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 21, 1905

GERMAN WAX-PEESS

Save all of your old comb, scraps of wax aud tlum^um, and in-
stead of allowing them to become scattered or worm-'iaten, or rendered
in 6ome wasteful method, put them into a German Wax-Estractor and
you will be surprised at the amount of wax you can obtain and profits
make. With a German Wax-Press you can get every particle of wax
out of old combs. Much of the slumgum from solar extractors and
other machines contains a very large percentage of wax that can be
separated with our machine. Indeed, some bee-keepers buy up all the
slumgum they can, and with the use of a German Wax-Press make
excellent profits from what otherwise would have been thrown away.

Our Press may also be used as a honey-press. Loose or broken
chunks of honey that are too small for an extractor may be extracted
in this Press without application of heat, and the honey be as good as
though extracted In the ordinary way. With every Wax-Press we
furnish an uncapping arm. This arm, with scraping stick, is slipped
over the edge of the can with the basket in place. The cappings drop
down into this and are drained. This machine, therefore, serves three
purposes, and is almost indispensable in any well-regulated apiary.

The machine is made in the best possible manner. The cross arm
is of the best selected oak, and will stand any strain. Bolts projecting
through the ends of the arm engage with corresponding ears on the
can in such away that a side circular movement instantly releases it.

Before closing I wish to say that Mr. E. R. Root is right when he
says, " You can't get over 50 percent of the wax until you use a first-
class press for your work." And I want to say when you get a press,
buy a German. They are neater, can be used on a kitchen stove, make
a fine honey-press and excellent uncapping can, and will be the most
satisfactory in the end. I will trade my home-made outfit for one if I
ever get a chance. Perkt Orton.

New York, Aug. 9, 1905.

I am well pleased with the German Wax-Press. Felt that in one
day's work it had more than earned its cost. W. J. Gates.

California.

I was inclined to believe at first that the German Wax-Press was a
failure, but after a thorough trial was well pleased. Secured 'M
pounds more wax from one day's use of the machine than I would
have secured by the ordinary method of rendering.

Illinois. B. Walker.

Wax from old slumgum that had been worked over by another
party and declared to be free from wax, I got nearly 50 pounds from
only a little over 100 pounds of the stuft. E. T. Flanagan.

Illinois.

Cash Discount for Early Orders

We can not remember a year when we were not crowded with
orders through the spring months, and somewhat behind, some years
more than others. In order to divert some of this trade to the fall and
winter months, we have offered inducements in the way of an early-
order cash discount. This year we will be more liberal than ever be-
fore in the amount of discount allowed. For some months the price
of some of the materials used has been a little lower, and we have
stocked up heavily, and propose giving you the advantage of the
saving in price. The abundant farm crops throughout the country
are stimulating trade in almost all lines, and prices are already stiffen-
ing. The discounts which we propose to offer for early cash orders
are as follows :

For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 percent.

Nov. 1 9

Dec. 1 S

" ■■ .Jan. 1 T

For cash orders before Feb. 1 6 percent.

" " March 1 4 "

" " April 1 3 "

You will notice that, after .January, the discount drops 3 percent
a month; and if we find that advancing prices of materials do not
warrant the larger discount, we reserve the right to reduce the amount
of discount at any time. Your safest plan is, therefore, to order at once.
This discount is only for cash before the dates named, and is in-
tended to apply to hives, sections, frames, foundation, extractors,
smokers, shipping-cases, cartons, and other miscellaneous bee-keepers-
supplies. It will not apply on orders for the following articles exclu-
sively; but where these form no more than about 10 percent of the
whole orders, the discount may be taken from the entire bill : Tinned
wire, paint, Bingham smokers. Porter bee-escape, glass and tin honey-
packages, scales, Jjees and queens, bee books and papers, labels and
other printed matter; bushel boxes, seeds, and other specialties not
listed in our general catalog.

The A. I. Root ComDany,

MEDINA,
OHIO

Ghicago, 144 E. trie St.

BR, A.lSrCI€E s

Philadelpliia, 10 Vine St.

New York, 44 Veseu St. j^

I Entered at the Post-Offlc-e at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matterj
rubliMhed ^Veekly at 8I.OO a Vear l>}' <jieorge %V. York &, Vv., 334 l»earlM>rn Nl.

aBORae w. york, editor

CHICAGO, ILL, SEPTEMBER 21, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 38

/T

\=

(Sbitortal Xloks ^ (Eomments

=\

J'

National Convention in Chicago

We have received the following from Sec.
HutchlnsoD, of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association :

THE NATIONAL CONVENTION TO BE HELD IN
CHICAGO.
Ever since the breakiog out of the yellow
fever in the South, have I been receiving let-
ters from different parts of the country, sug-
gesting that the place of meeting for the
National convention be changed to some
Northern city. To all, for a long time, I re-
turned the same reply ; " Let's wail and see
how things turn out. If the fever is crushed
out of existence, or controlled, then we can
go to Texas just as well as ever."

To a certain extent the fever has been con-
trolled, but there seems to be no probability
that it will be done with before the time that
has been set for holding our convention in
San Antonio. The time has come when we
can wait no longer. If a change is to be made,
it must be made at once, that bee-keepers may
be planning accordingly.

Before taking up the matter with the Ex-
ecutive Committee, I wrote to the Directors,
the editors of the leading bee-papers, and to
several of the most prominent bee-keepers,
asking for their views on the subject. The
majority was overwhelmingly in favor of a
change. The matter was then taken up with
the Executive Committee, and every member
favored a change to Chicago, during the Fat
Stock Show the tirst week in December. It is
possible that some other Northern ciiy has
greater claims than Chicago for the holding
of the convention, but the meeting must be
held where reduced railroad rates will be as-
sured, and the Fat Stock Show furnishes
these.

It IS possible that there is no real danger
from the fever at San Antonio, but the/<<ir of
it is reol, and would have kept away the
Northern people. The bee-keepers of Louisi-
ana and Mississippi would have been shut up
in their own States. Texas has had a slim
crop of honey this year, and, taken all in all,
a convention this fall in San Antonio would
have been a pretty slim affair. I think that
even the Texans themselves would rather
wait another year, when, if all goes well, the
convention could be held in San Antonio with
every assurance of a big crowd.

Arrangements have been completed for
holding the meeting in Chicago, at the Revere
House, corner of Michigan and Clark Streets,
on the 5th, 6th and Tth of December. This
hotel can accommodate at least 800 bee-keep-
ers, and the rates are 7.5 cents for a room

alone, or 50 cents each where two occupy the
same room. Meals are extra, or they may be
secured at near-by restaurants.

W. Z. Hutchinson, .S'f.

We may say that personally we regretted
that it seemed best, under the circumstances,
not to hold the National convention at San
Antonio, as we desired very much to visit the
South. But if nothing interferes no doubt
the meeting can be held their next year. It is
very unfortunate that it was felt the change
in place should be made, but " what can't be
cured must be endured." And bee-keepers
area very "enduring" class of people, and
no doubt all will be glad to bow to the will of
the majority who decided the matter.

But now it is " up to " Chicago to do her
part in making it a great convention. It
comes at the same time as the meeting of the
Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, so in all proljubility there will be a joint
convention. At least the Executive Committee
of the Chicago-Northwestern has made such
suggestion to the National.

We hope as many bee-keepers as possible
will plan to be in Chicago Dec. 5, 6 and 7.
Come and help make it a good meeting.

A GOOD INVESTMENT

i6 2-3 Percent Interest

Absolutely Safe
A Chance for Bee-Keepers Only

That sounds UkL- one of the fake get-rich-
quick schemes. When money is loaned by
the thousands of ioDars at 5, 4, 3 percent in-
terest, or less, it 1 '-S look as it there must be
something rotten ;u a proposition that promi-
ses an annual ra^o uf interest of 1*',-';; percent,
especially when i>aited with the specious
claim that the uince is " for bee-keepers
only."

But there's rmthing rotten about it. To
say that bee-keii>-rs have a chance to invest
money at the ni'' uf lO-a percent annually, is
only to put in itner words the well-known
fact that beo-sii| ilies bought before Oct. 1
can be had at 10 percent discount. The ob-

ject of these paragraphs is to call the atten-
tion of bee-keepers to what there is in it for
them.

Let us see if we can make good.

The discount is " a chance for bee-keepers
only," for others do not buy supplies of that
kind. The investment is " absolutely safe,"
for it is just as safe to buy in September as io
the following May.

Let us see about the 16'-., percent annually.

Say a bill of supplies amounting to $100 is
needed. It bought before Oct. 1, 5^90 pays the
bill. Say the purchase might be deferred till
June 1. It would hardly be deferred later.
From Oct. 1 to June 1 is eight months. That
$90 invested before Oct. 1 practically gains
$10 in that eight months, which is at the rate
of $".5 in a year. That $15 is 16;-;; percent of
$90— and there you are.

The question may be asked, " How can the
manufacturers afford such a discount ?"
That is their lookout. Tet it is not so very
hard to make a fair guess as to the answer. It
is the common thing to have a very large
number of orders for supplies come all in a
jam in the spring, many of them after the sea-
son has fairly opened. The amount of these
orders can not be foreseen, and the result is
that at the last the factories must run day
and night, and even then have the unpleas-
ant experience of receiving complaints as to
unfilled orders, or else have so big a stock
prepared in advance as to run the risk of
carrying over to the next year a heavy load of
surplus stock. So the manufacturers can
afford to pay a good price to stimulate early
orders; and the bee-keeper who has the
money has the chance to secure the 16-a per-
cent interest, and at the same time to avoid
the unpleasant predicament of having to wait
an unpleasantly long time to have his orders
filled if he sends them at a time when the

rush is on.

♦-

The National and Advertising Honey

On the next page some of the leading bie-
keepers mentioa several things that the
National Bee-Keopers' Association might at-
tempt to accomplish. While there is suffi-
cient variety in the work mentioned, there
seems to ! e a fair unanimity in the sugges-
tions tha: favor advertising honey.

For se feral years we heve urgel the impor-

662

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 21, 190S

tance of bee-keepers themselves doing some-
thing to popularize the use of honey. Not a
tenth part of the honey that should be con-
sumed on the tables of the public is now
found there. In order that some definite plan
might be inaugurated, several of those most
interested originated The Honey-Producers'
League. Its objects are all right, and its pro-
moters made a sincere effort to get the bee-
keepers and their money together in a way
that, had it succeeded better, we believe
would have been a great step in attaining the
desired result.

But great plans and objects can not be
developed and attained in a day — nor in on*
year. An honest attempt has been made to
do just what many of the leaders say should
be done, except that the League was organ-
ized to do it instead of the National Associa-
tion.

Now, if it is thought that the National can
better do the work undertaken by the League,
and also that bee-keepers will rally to the
former in larger numbers with their money,
then by all means let the National at its next
meeting decide to undertake the work. Let
it elect an advertising committee of say three,
whose duty it will be to manage this part of
the work of the National. Perhaps it would
be well to have a separate honey advertising
fund for the committee's use, which shall be
raised by an increase in dues or otherwise.
The details can be worked out at the National
convention, if it should decide to take up the
honey-advertising subject.

It might be possible that the members of
the League would be willing to have the dues
they have paid into the League treasury
turned over to such National advertising com-
mittee as mentioned. This we .suggest as
only a possibility, as we have no right to
say that it would be done.

Of this, however, we feel reasonably certain :
Something ought to be done to induce the
public to eat more honey, both for the benefit
of the public's health and for the financial
benefit of those who produce honey. The
question is. How can it best be accomplished?
If The Honey-Producers' League can't do it,
perhaps the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion can.
Which shall it be, if either of them?

Split-Top Sections

Occasionally something is said in favor of
sections made in halves, or at least with the
top-bar in two parts. When sections were
first introduced, it was common to have a
saw-kerf in the top-bar to receive the founda-
tion, but that fell into disuse when other
methods of fastening were introduced. There
is no denying that foundation is held very
firmly when the top-bar is split entirely in
two; but it is no more to he denied that the
line of wax showing ou the top of the finished
section is always an eyesore.

Split-top sections have been used in Eng-
land more than in this country; but if one
can judge from the Ijjt- papers over there,
they are not growing in fu'/ur there.

/=

V

->• Some (Expert (Dpinion -f

==\

J

Maeterlinck's "Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, $1.40; or with the Aiiierican Bee Jour-
nal one year— both f or $ .' i h i, as long as the
books last. It is a oloih-bound book, and has
427 pages.

What the National Bee-Keepers'
Association Should Attempt

Ques. 30 — Phase name one or more of the
moKt hnportant thltign for the National Bee-
Keepers^ Association to attempt to accom.pJi.sh.

S. T. Pbttit (Ont.)— Can not do it.

Dr.C. C. Miller (111.)— Advertising honey.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — To bring before
the public the value of honey as a food.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— To secure bet-
ter prices, better freight-rates, and less adul-
teration.

Mrs. J. M. Null (Mo.) — Advertise honey
as though the people had never heard of
such a thing before.

R. L. Taylor (Mich.) — An effective plan
to secure a more general distribution and
consumption of honey.

E. E. Hasty (Ohio) — I have my doubts
about most of the new schemes — let them hold
fast what they have already gained.

Morgan Bros. (S. Dak.) — 1. The suppres-
sion of the adulteration of honey. 2. Aiding
its members in the sale of their products.

0. O. PopPLETON (Fla.)— Keep on doing
what it has done, for one thing. Fight the
adulteration of honey at every opportunity.

L. Stachelhausen (Tex.)- Fighting the
adulteration of honey and the public prejudice
against honey. Getting a better market for
honey.

J. M. Hambadgh (Calif.)— Destroy the sale
of adulterated honey. Overcome public preju-
dice against honey. Educate the people to
use pure honey.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.)— Pure-food laws by
National legislation; and a National law
which will work uniformly to stamp out foul
brood in the different States.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)- The most impor-
tant is the suppression of honey adulteration.
Next to that, if indeed it should not be placed
first, is the eradication of bee-diseases.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.) — Fight the adul-
teration of honey. Get appropriations from
the Government to carry on apicultural experi-
ments in our agricaltural institutions.

N. E. France (Wi?.)— Advertise honey and
its uses. Help to market honey for members.
Less defense in neighbors' quarrels. Better
methods for nominating candidates for offices.

Eugene Secor (Iowa)— Advertise the value
of honey as a food. Keep before the people
the fact that bees are not an injury to flowers
or fruit. Assist in procuring and enforciug
pure-food laws.

Jas. a. Stone (111.) — The teaching of the
general public how few blossoms bear fruit
unless pollenized by bees or other insects.
And the uselessness of spraying fruit-trees
while in bloom.

Wm. McEvot (Ont.)— To get the bee-keep-
ers to leave the honey with the bees until it is
well ripened before they extract it, so that
they will be able to sell the public a much
better quality of extracted honey.

C. P. Dapant (III.) — Do away with the
story of manufictured comb honey as far as
possible by proper advertising; this is the
most important matter to bee- keepers to-day.
But there are thousands of other things to do.

J. A. Green (Colo.) — Increase the honey
market by educating the people in the use of
honey; teach themii'.t to fear the adultera-
tion that does not u ist; and check, and. if
possible, do away with the adalteration that
does exist.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — A national
association for marketing, or a national or-
ganization like the Southern California Fruit
Exchange. I believe this can be accomplished,
and it would be of tremendous value to all
bee-keepers.

E. D. TowNSEND (Mich )— Michigan has a
law prohibiting the word " honey " being used
except on packages containing puce honey.
Help other States to get a similar law, then
help put the law in force. I think there is no
impure honey on the market in this State.

C. H. DiBBERN (111.) — 1. Stop the sale of
all glucose syrup as honey. 2. Run down
every lie as to comb honey being "manu-
factured" and extensively sold. 3. Adver-
tise honey as being far ahead of all sugars
and syrups as a wholesome article of food.

G. W. Demaree (Ky.)— Let the National
Bee-Keepers' Association take steps to en-
lighten the general public, and disabuse their
minds of the past and present delusion that
bee-culture is necessarily a " little business,"
and much will be accomplished by its efforts.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)— Unite all into a co-
operative association. Intelligent, united
action in distributing products and buying
supplies carries with it many other things;
eliminates competition, unifies packing, cuts
out extra expense, and gives confidence. The
United States of America is a " great com-
bine." Who would chop it to pieces, or have
.5 or 10 concerns to deliver a letter from
ocean to ocean? See?

E. S. LoTEST (Utah)— A more thorough
organization. It is needed all aloag the line.
The bee-keepers of every State should be
organized so as to be in touch with the Na-
tional. The whole should be organized to
such extent that estimates could be made as
to the extent of the entire honey crop, its
value, also where and when to market the
product. Sugar-men do this, and why not
the bee-keepers? " In union there is strength."

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)— I. To protect the
bee-keeper from unjust ordinances, etc. 2.
To prevent the sale of adulterated honey. 3.
To educate the people to eat nii're honey,
and shun the vile, unhealthy glucose com-
pounds offered under various names I once
bought a can of the best obtainable brand
of glucose, and offered it to the bees. They
took only a limited quantity and died before
spring. I do not believe it possible to winter
a colony of bees on pure commercial glucose.
Grape-sugar is the natural food of the honey-
bee. Then why do they not assimilate the
grape-sugar of glucose equally as well as that
of honey?

Deptli of Shipping-Cases

Shipping-cases for comb-honey ought to be
a little deeper than the height of the sections,
when they are piled up a dozen or more
high, then the weight of nearly the whole
pile will not rest upon the honey in the lowest
case, which, in some cases, causes a leak. Mr.
Irving Kinyon writes me that he got this hint
from P. H. Elwood.— Bee Keepers' Review.

Coinl) Honey Guarantee Circulars.

— These were gotten up by The Honey-Pro-
ducers' League, to be put into shipping-cases
before nailing them up for market. They are
mailed for only 10 cents for 50 — practically
cost price. Every bee-keeper who has any
honey to sell by the case should use these
circulars. They will help to inspire confi-
dence in the genuineness of comb honey.
Send all orders to this office.

Sept. 21, 190S

THB AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

663

r

ITItscclIancous Hcu^s 3tcm5

=\

\=

J

"What To Eat" is a monthly maga-
zine devoted to the preaching of the gospel ot
pure food. It is published here in Chicago,
by The Pierce Publishing Company. In the
September number we are glad to notice
the major portion of the Daily News article
on " Comb Honey Not Machine-Made. " We
still have some typewritten copies of it that
we will mail on receipt of a 2-cent stamp, for
the purpose of having it published in local
newspapers. Almost any bee-keeper can get
the editor of such paper to use it, we think,
if the request is properly made.

Wrong Statements About Bees are

constantly appearing in the newspaper press.
Lisle J. Schneider, of Delaware Co., Iowa,
sends us such clipping, and says he sees
about i5 papers, and scarcely a week passes
without meeting with some " break " about
bees in them. Of course we can't copy all
such wrong statements in these columns, and
it would do no good if we could do so. What

is needed is their correction in the very papers
where the original misstatements appeared.
Every bee-keeper who sees such misleading
reading matter referring to bees or honey
should very promptly write the editor a re-
spectful correction, or something that gives
the truth about it, and request its publication.
It the bee-keeper himself does not do this,
certainly no one else will do it for him.

The Apiary of J. 1'. Blunk, of Web-
ster Co., Iowa, is shown on the first page this
week. Here is what he wrote us when send-
ing the photograph, Aug. 8:

I send a picture of a part of my apiary. The
grove is so dense ihtt it is a hard thing to get
a good picture.

The two outside rows are the hives of the
colonies that swarmed. It will be noliced
that they are well scattered. This I did to
insure the safe return of young queens when
on their wedding-trip. It proved my former
statement, that young queens miss their own
hives when they are placed close together, and
are not killed by king-birds, as many believe.

I got every young queen back to her own
hive, not one being lost.

This grove is a fine place for bees in hot
weather, but a poor place the forepart of the
season — too cold — so I put the hives out in
the sun up to about swarming time, then I
move them backwards by degrees until I get
thym all in the grove.

Those are my boys at the further end of
the apiary, and all are afraid of bees except
Dan, the small one at the right of the tall
hive. He is my helper in the apiary. I tell
them it's no wonder they are all bachelors,
for any one who is afraid of a bee surely could
not muster up courage to get a wife. So you
see I have a poor prospect of ever being
called "grandad."

About half of the colonies swarmed, all
swarms being regular and in order; no fool-
ishness with the swarms this spason.

J. P. Blunk.

Comb Honey Not Machine-3Iade. —

We have a fair supply of the typewritten
letter on this subject, which appeared in the
Chicago Daily News ot June21,l!W5. It is
just the thing to have published in every bee-
keeper's local newspaper. We mail it for a
2-cent stamp. Better order several copies,
and request as many newspaper editors to
publish it. It will certainly be a good thing
for both the reading public and the bee-
keepers.

-V (Eontrtbiitcb -f
Sv^doX Clrttcles

=\

J

How Much a Bee Gathers— Strong Colonies

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

A CORRESPONDENT writes me saying, " Will you plea.xe
tell us through the columns of the American Bee Journal
whether the advice which is given me (to keep my colo-
nies always strong) is good ?"

If every bee reared could have a Held of honey placed be-
fore it in which to labor, then the motto, " Keep colonies
always .strong," would be the right one ; but inasmuch as this
can not be, and as bees at all times must be consumers, no
matter whether producing or not, I can not see the philosophy
of having a colony strong in bees at such seasons, whtni of
necessity they can be only consumers. That one bee can not
gather SO pounds of honey, nor one-fiftieth part of that, is one
of the reasons that more than one boe is required in a hive ;
and because one beo can not gather that amount is the reason
that the apiarist desires a large number of bees in his hives at
certain seasons o^the year ; and as a large number is desired
at certain seasons, some have conceived the idea that a large
number of bees in a hive at all times of the year is a tiling of
great value.

But right here comes in another side to this " gathering "
question. I have just said that one bee could not gather one-
fiftieth part of SO pounds of honey, my reason for so saying
being that in this locality we do not have a yield of honoy
lasting through the length ot life allotted to an individual
bee, while many bees — yea, usually more than half that in^
reared under the most skillful management — never add an
ounce to the surplus.

Thus, right here comes in another factor to this question,
which is the field, or supply of honey. In reality we mu- lie-
gin with the field, or, in other words, place that /?;•... for
without the field or honey-flow we have no use for the '> 'cs.
With a continuous and uninterrupted honey-flow within tliree
miles of the hive during the time which a bee lives, I tliink
that a bee might easily gather one ounce of nectar, wliich
would take only 800 bees to gather 50 pounds. Of this aiiuuint
it would take at least 12 pounds to supply the wants of the
colony during the time the bee was living, and unless the

nectar was thicker than it averages here, it would take three
pounds of this nectar to make one pound of honey. So, then,
we would have from 12 to 13 pounds of actual honey as the
product of 800 bees during their life, over and above what was
consumed by the colony with an uninterrupted flow of nectar.

While this might be possible, yet there are two things
which make it improbable, the first being, as already stated,
that the honey-flow does not continue long enough, and the
second, that the yield would not be sufficient within three
miles of the apiary, where many colonies are kept, so that the
bees could work to the best advantage. To illustrate :

One year I had a colony which, on May 25, I estimated to
contain 4000 bees. This estimate was made by counting the
bees on a given surface of the comb, and then dividing the
amount of comb covered with bees by the space counted, when
the quotient was multiplied by the number of bees counted on
the first surface. The ne.Kt day was a fine one, and apple-
trees were yielding nectar as well as I ever knew them.
At 7 a.m. the bees began to go to work, and at 8 a.m. I
found that on an average 60 loaded bees were going into
the hive each minute. One incoming bee was caused to dis-
gorge the contents of its honey-sac, and a fair-sized drop of
nectar was the result. By a careful estimate I found that it
would take 3600 such bee loads to make one pound, so I con-
cluded that 4000 bees were good for the gathering of one
pound of nectar per hour, besides caring for the interior of
the hive.

Before a bee had left the hive in the morning, I had
weighed the same so that I could tell when night came how
much the colony had gained. They worked right along at
the average rate of 60 bees per minute till 4 p.m., when there
came a gradual slackening until S, when all were in on ac-
count of a wind-storm coming up.

At dusk that night [ weighed the hive again, thinking to
myself as I did so, that if my estimate was correct, it should
weigh 8 pounds more than it did in the morning. I found it
weighed 8 pounds and 9 ounces, thus showing that my esti-
mate was not far out of the way.

Hut what was a great surprise to me, was that when
weighed the next morning I found that 8 pounds and 9
ounces gain had gone down to .5% pounds, thus showing that
the nectar fresh from the flowers was not all honey, by any
means.

After this I became infatuated with the idea that there
could be as much honey obtained from apple-bloom as from
basswood, if I could only get the population of the hive up to
40,000 instead of 4000; so I began trying to get ray colonics
strong in bees early in the spring, but after an entire failure
of apple honey for the next 4 years — on account of the cold,
rainy weather which is usually on when these trees are in
bloom — I gave the matter up. only trying to get the colonies

664

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 21, 19(5

strong so as to take advantage of the generally good weatber
we have during the clover and basswood bloom.

The point I wish to impress on the reader is : First, we
have the field or location we are in, of which we should have
a thorough knowledge ; next, we have the bees to get in large
numbers 7«5< in time to take advantage of the main honey-
flow of the field ; and, third, a bee is of little value as a honey-
gatherer, only as it can be placed in the field of action just in
the right time. In this way the quantity of nectar which a
bee can gather in a lifetime becomes of interest to us, that we
ma}' work faithfully and intelligently to have that lifelirne
come when our field is yielding nectar. At all other times we
are wise not to work for bees in a greater number than is suf-
ficient so that we can take advantage of their numbers to
bring the colony up to this " high water " mark, with the
rolliug around of the honey-flow of each season.

Onondaga Co , N. Y.

#

A Top and Bottom Frame-Spacer

BY C. W. DAYTON

I HAVE mailed to the office of the American Bee Journal a
top and bottom spacer as I use in my hives — the spacer
described on page 541. I put them in my hives in 189S. I
expect to make 300 new hives between now and another sea-
son, using this spacer.

The wire for the bottom is simply woven about headless
nails driven in proper positions into a piece of hard wood, and

uua

then soldered to the strip of galvanized iron before it is slipped
off the nails.

The top or end spacer is marked out of galvanized iron
from a pattern, snipped with the tinner's shears, and then

FlaZ

bent over in a vise having wide jaws. I made a stamping die
to cut the notches, but it left the edges too sharp, and, besides,
it is so short a job that it is impractical to construct a ma-
chine.

Although I never have seen a " St .loe" hive or spacer, I
suspect these notches, when % inch deep, are exactly like it.
But my notches are only ij, inch deep instead of % inch. And
bent over instead of being cut out. The only need for deep
notches is in moving. When a wagon runs upon a consider-
able-sized stone, and then slips suddenly ofl" one side, or the
stone is a loose one and rolls over, the ends of the frames are
apt to jump out of the shallow notches unless beeglue holds
them in place.

Another thing, there should be a half-inch space or more
between the side frame and the side-wall of the hive. Mr.
Abbott wrote me that wire would not work as a bottom spacer.
I would like to know what he uses that is better than wire.

The strips of wood on the top spacer sample are the
sequoia (big tree) redwood, which shrinks and swells endwise,
never warping or checking sidewise. My hives, constructed
of this %-lumber, IJ-^-story. full of frames, bottom-board,
cover and shade-board, average about 16 pounds in weight. X
am not well pleased with it. It is too soft, and fades to
almost black. It is not so pleasant to look at as white, clean
pine- Los Angeles Co., Calif.

Sulphur Treatment of Bee-Paralysis

nv II. S. PHILBROOK

I SEEM to have made a valuable discovery in regard to bee-
paralysis, which might well be called the O. O. Poppleton
plan modified.

I had moved my bees to the hills, had succeeded in build-
ing up most colonies to fiimous strength, and was just glory-
ing in my prospect of an immense yield of sage honey, when
the bees began to show unmistakable signs of bee-paralysis.
It first appeared in one colony, and I immediately closed it at

evening, and moved it 2 miles away, but it soon broke
out nearly all over the yard. Out of 153 colonies S3 were
affected. I was not discouraged, but was ready to fight it,
but the question was how to proceed. I disliked the Popple-
ton plan on account of destroying the brood or else cutting
strong colonies up by formine nuclei for the brood. So I tried
various other remedies, among the rest a spray of sulphuric
acid diluted, which was very effectual, l^'Ut also had the bad
effects of ruining the unsealed brood. Some colonies were so
badly affected that they would carry out a full quart of dead
bees in a single night.

I reasoned that the disease was a microbe or germ dis-
ease, and it must enter the hive at the entrance. If the Pop-
pleton plan worked, sulphur was death to the germ or microbe.
I wondered if it were necessary to cover the brood with sul-
phur, for it does not attack the brood, but only the old or
adult bees, and especially the queens. I reasoned that the
diseased bees being the adult ones, by covering the entrance-
boards with the sulphur and throwing it well back into the
hive, the adult bees would come very much in contact with it
in trying to keep it up, as the disease seemed to attack them
on the tongue, and thence enter their bodies. So I treated
every colony in the apiary to a dose of sulphur by throwiijg it
well into the hive-entrance in the evening when all bees
were in.

At first the results scared me, for the quantities of dead
bees increased, and I drove a distance of SO miles to Mr. M.
H Mendleson's, to see if he might not suggest a remedy. But
my only consolation was this : " Philbrook, you are in a bad
fix just at the beginning of the honey-flow, and you will get
no honey this year. You have my sympathy, but I can not
help you, except to give you my salt-and-water recipe, and it
will take the entire season to get it out of your bees."

I was somewhat discouraged, and drove home wondering
what I should do, when, presto, change I there were scarcely
any dead bees carried out the next morning, and after 4 days
I treated the entire yard to another dose of sulphur, and very
few dead bees appeared. My yard was free from disease, and
all so quickly and easily that it seemed that I had only had a
horrid nightmare, and not the real thing.

It appeared later in the season, but I promptly dosed with
sulphur, when it vanished once more, and I have seen no
further signs of it. My honey crop amounted to a trifle over
IS tons from those 153 colonies.

My first experience in the bee-business was in my father's
apiary in the Simi Valley, in California, in 1879. He was in
the business for 10 years, and one year took off 47 tons of ex-
tracted honey. He shipped this crop to Chicago, New York
and Boston, but the experiment proved very disastrous,
although he went with it and carried samples in the comb.
But people would believe that he had the means of putting it
in the combs and sealing it over artificially, thus practicing
adulteration Ventura Co., Calif., Aug. 20.

(Eonpcntion
Procecbings

rJ

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee- Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

[Continued from page 61'' J

SECOND DAY— Morning Session. '

At 9:.")0 a. ni. Pres. York called the convention to order
and requested Dr. Miller to invoke the divine blessing.

Dr. Miller— Our Father, we thank Thee for another
night's rest. Prepare us for the work of the day. We pray
Thee that the same kind feelings, and the same kind spirit,
may prevail here to-day as did on the past day. We thank
Thee for the acquaintances of the other bee-keepers, and that
we may meet together in a kindly spirit and discuss the
things in which we are mutually interested. We pray, O
God, for Thy blessing upon us. Wilt Thou care for the dear
ones at our respective homes. May we feel that they are safe
under Thy care. We pray that Thy blessing may be upon us
as bee-keepers, and may we learn something to-day. May we go
from here better men and women ; better fitted to do the
work that our Heavenly Father has for us to do here upon
the earth. Bless the President and the other officers. May

Sept. 21, 19CS

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURiMAL

665

the President have just tlie wisdom he ought to have to"
direct aright the proceedings of this convention. We pray
that Thou wilt bless all the members. Lead us in all we do.
Lead us, we pray Thee, through life; lead us up to the t:me
when we shall leave all the things of this world, and may
we unitedly come up to enjoy the life beyond through all
eternity. We ask it in Christ's name. Amen.

REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.

We will call upon Mr. Smith, the State Inspector of Illi-
nois, to open this subject, and tell us about his work.

Mr. Smith — Really, I do not believe that I can add to
what has already been so often told the bee-keepers by Mr.
France, and by Mr. Moore here in his remarks yesterday.
However, I will give an outline of what I have done the past
year. The way I do my work is by going to places from
which I get invitations to come. I don't go out and hunt
up foul brood, only in the- neighborhood where I find foul
brood; we as a rule go around to the adjoining neighbors
that have bees and inspect them. During the last season I
visited thirty-two counties in this State, just about one-third
of the counties, probably — it would be a good one-third with
Mr. Moore's work in Cook County. I find that tlie bee-
keepers are very anxious to know all about foul brood, and
how to treat it, and they are very apt to learn also. They are
very anxious to inform other bee-keepers how to treat it.
Of course there is only one way that I treat foul brood and
that is to destroy the comb. I don't try formaldehyde or r.ny
other disinfectant; I remove the bees and destroy llie
comb — that is, the brood-combs. I cleanse the hives
out and re-hive the bees again on foundation or empty
frames. I think that the work is in fair progress,
and another year or two will show that the work
that has been commenced will bear good fruit. The diseased
locations are found mostly in the north part of the State
and along the Mississippi River in the north and south parts
of the State, also along the Indiana line. I found foul brood
in only one county in the central part of the State. Of
course there may be foul brood in every county in the State
so far as I know, but I think the bee-keepers, as a rule, are
reading up, and that is one way we ought to work — through
the press, and the mail, and educate the bee-keepers so that
they can take care of their own bees. The bee-keepers as a
rule, are very anxious to have the Inspector come, and they
are very pleasant people to be with. In fact, I believe that
the bee-keepers are intelligent and progressive, and are very
friendly. There doesn't seem to be any jealousy existing
among them, that one is afraid that his neighbor will proriuce
more honey than he does, or that his bees will do better than
his neighbors', but they seem to be anxious to work to-
gether. I think that is a very good idea, also. Now if there are
any questions that any of the members wish to ask T will
be glad to tell them anything they want to know, that tliey
do not know.

Dr. Miller — You say that you destroy the comli and put
the bees upon foundation or empty frames. Is that alP Do
you let them stay?

Mr. Smith — No, in about two weeks or ten days rc'iiove
them and put them on full sheets of foundation, after tliey
have exhausted the honey they carried with them from in-
fected colonies.

Dr. Miller — Isn't two weeks longer than has been the
custom?

Mr. Smith — That is long enough. Some I have given as
short a time as four or five days, but I think the best |)l.in is
to be sure that the honey is all exhausted; and if it is in
a time when there is no honey-flow the bees want to be ftd

Mr. Kinmiey — How about the young that have Incn
started in two weeks, or would they start?

Mr. Smith — "^'ou cut that comb out and melt it up into
wax.

Mr. Kimmey — Suppose that the disease is carried Iv. the
honey that the bees have at the time they make tin- first
change, won't the disease go on with the next brood ?

Mr. Smith — You will find very little brood in tlu- n-w
comb. Of course it would be in the very young larval -' ge.
The disease never attacks the young bees until they u ; in
the state called the grub state. After the bees beco:i' in
the nymph state the disease never attacks them. I liave
never found any that were killed after taking the fnrn; of
the nymph, with legs and wings.

Mr. Kimmey — Before that time won't the bees thai Ii'ive
become infected with the honey carry that infection to the
brood that is started in two weeks?

Mr. Smith— I think not. I don't think that the disease

can be developed in two weeks. At least I have never found
any disease. I have had some parties that didn't change their
bees back into the second frames until they had capped brood,
and I found no disease there.

Mr. Knnmey — Won't it then be better to put them on
empty frames the first time?

Mr. Smith — ( think it would, because it lias a tendency
for them to exhaust their honey in building new comb.

Mr. Kimmey — And afterwards destroy them and put them
on full foundation.

Mr. Smith— Put them on full foundation the second
change.

Pres. York — I would like to ask in how inany apiaries
Mr. Smith found disease, and what percent he visited?

Mr. Smith — The percent I visited was probably 90.

Pres. York — Do you know how many apiaries you
visited?

Mr. Smith — I have a record of that, but I didn't bring
it with me.

Pres, York — How many colonies did you examine ?

Mr. Smith— Over 2,000.

Mr. Swift — Is the disease exterminated by melting the
wax? Does heat destroy it?

Mr. Smith— Yes. Mr. Dadant can tell that. He gets
thousands of pounds of wax sent in, extracted from diseased
colonies, and he has never had any complaint against it.

Mr. Pease — Will you give us a plan by which the per-
son who never saw foul brood will recognize it?

Mr. Smith — Did you ever smell a carpenter's glue-pot?
It outs me in mind of the young man who went to the medical
college. When he returned home they wanted to know al!
about it. He says, "Now I will tell you, If you had seen
what I have seen, and felt what I have felt, and smelt what
I have smelt, you would know all about it." [Laughter.l If
you smell that foul brood once you will never forget it It
smells as nearly like ?, carpenter's glue-pot as anything
you can get. '

Mr, Wilcox — Don't you find foul brood sometimes with-
out smell?

Mr. Smith— Where it is not fully developed all over the
hive and it is just the first inoculation, you may sometimes
find a comb of beautifully sealed brood and just tnree or four
cell.s that are affected, but it doesn't take long for it to spread.

Mr, Wheeler— I would like to go bad; a little bit. In
regard to this treatment that you speak of, the bees are first
shaken out at the beginning of the honev-flow, or "shook
out," and they are put on empty frames. Our bees gathered
the whole year's crop in two weeks' time. Now. there is a
very tender point right there, v.'hether you leave those bees
in the hive two weeks and then take them ofif those combs
they have built in those two weeks and melt those combs up.
If it is not necessary to do that it would be a great loss of
money to the bee-keeper. If two days or 48 hours would do,
that would be a great deal better than two weeks.

Mr. Sinith — Two days or 48 hours would not suffice — four
days at least. I wouldn't make the change under that time.
While it is a fact that they do not always carry the disease
with them — I have known swarms to come out of the in-
fected hives, and I have hived them on foundation and they
didn't carry the disease with them at all. It seems they
exhaust the honey before the young brood gets large enough
to take the disease: especially if it is a second swarm and
the young queen doesn't get to laying for a few days, the
brood is later than the laying queen would be.

Mr. Wheeler— Some of the money that is used ought to
be used to experiment along that line. It makes a great
difference to us bee-keepers, if we know just how much time
there should be, I have had a little experience, and I have
shaken them out on combs, that is, just one comb with a
little brood in and fresh-laid eggs, and those bees showed no
signs of the disease for a year or two, no more than bees
shaken out on empty frames ; why that was I can't tell. They
were no more affected than bees that were shaken out on
empty combs and given new comb. The object was to save
all the bees possible.

Mr. Smith— In making my trips I cannot go back to every
man's yards in four or five days afterward and change his
bees, I only leave my orders with him. I have gone back on
several occasions where my trip was near there, and found
some of them had not transferred them at all. They got
busy, it was haying time, and the oats had to be hauled in.
and with one thing and another they didn't have time, and
they didn't like to bother with them; they were afraid of
being slung, .-md they didn't nan-fer thcni back at aK.
(Coatlauetl uext weelc.)

666

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 21, 1905

(T

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TXix. f}asi^s aftcrtl^oucjl^ts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasset,,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

J

The Honet-Eatebs' League.

Yes, " Illinois," hurrah for the Honey-
Eaters' League to keep the Honey-Producers'
League straight, and to see to it that honey,
genuine but poor, is duly fed out to the bees,
and not eaten by man. Page 537.

No Harm to Eat Wax in Honey.

Dr. Bohrer says some good things on page
538; but I can't second his advice to fritter
away advertising to tell the public that wax
is not digestible. Though not digestible it
doesn'tdo a bit of harm — and is suitable for
the eating even of a risen Christ. Bran is on
the borders of indigestibility, and yet most
doctors would like us to have it left in our
food instead of bolted out. And bran is
capable of irritating some delicate stomachs,
as wax seems not to be.

Staokiko Up Sections of Honey fob
FnBTHER Ripening.

So Doolittle, in stacking sections, puts
strips between the courses to help the inter-
circulation of air. Undoubtedly good— and
not so much trouble as it looks to be, after
one has onee gotten the strips. With some
persons the strips would be spoiled, or half
spoiled, when wanted for a second using; but
probably those persons would better do some-
thing else than keep bees. Page 539.

Bees Scperseding Qdeens.

And here's a good idea of C. P. Dadant's:
If a queen is very prolific the workers will
quickly notice it when she begins to fail, and
rear another to supersede her. But if she
has been a poor one all her life they may not
pay attention when she becomes somewhat
poorer. Page 540.

Color of Hair and a Day's Work.

Is that strange assertion a fact, Dr. Millerl
Can't tell by the color of a man's hair how
big a day's work he can do? Say, now. I'm
quite sure I could do a bigger day's work be-
fore my hair got to be white. Page 543.

"Honey-Butter."

So "honey-butter" is what it is, ehl I
think that is a very good name for it— if it
takes. Likely to make some people think it
is a nurture of honey with something else—
but I don't know as the error is likely to do
any great harm. Page 547.

Managing a Balled Queen.

Excepting the folks " born with a silver
spoon in the mouth " we mostly don't have a
tablespoon at hand to use when we suddenly
find a queen in jeopardy in a ball of angry
bees. I should rather suggest a couple of
chips or section-sides to lift the ball with.
And I should say, Don't risk your bare hand.
Dumping the ball into water seems to be the
standard way. Alas, water is very often not
at hand. ThanKs to Dr. Miller for the infor-
mation that I'enj careful smoking with cooi
smoke does not endanger the queen much
more than water does. It's a dire situation,
and one must not expect to save her every
time by any tactics. Page 549.

Don't Extract Honey from Combs with
Brood.
From the Northwestern folks I would have
liked to see a little more square-up-and-down
condemnation of the abominable practice of
extracting honey from combs with brood in
them. The general drift was against it— but
we don't want to drift against cannibalism
and such things if we find them still extant.
Page 552.

Do Bees Move EgqsI

Evidence of bees carrying eggs from one
place to another is of interest (If we could get
it), but to find an egg in a queen. cell above
an excluder is hardly positive evidence. More
likely that a laying worker did it. Laying
workers are not to be expected in a super
where a queen is laying below, but there
iiiighl be an exception. When an egg is being
layed in sticks automatically wherever it is
touched against the cell. But to make it stick
in a new place after it gets dry once — that's a
rub that I guess bees never overcome. To
move the minute larva after the egg hatches
is easier — and the evidence is more plenty
that they occasionally do it. Page 555.

Mailing Laying Queens.

I would offer this improvement on the
preparation of a heavy and long laying queen
for journey by mail. First make a nucleus of
the frame she is found on, and keep her there
for a day or two. Then put the nucleus back
where it came from and cage the queen. Keep
her 24 hours and then Fend. This will be
gradual cessation of laying. It may be that
sudden cessation is capable of doing some
harm without any jolting. Page .565.

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Not All the Sections Needed

When Mr. York was at Marengo, July 4, he
thought the whole of the 26,000 sections
might be needed; not that all would be filled,
for always more sections are put on than are
rilled. But the bees balked 2 or 3 weeks later,
leaving a big lot of sections that were never
put on the hives. Fulitr repurt later.

Outwitting Snealc-Thlef Boys with
Bee-Hives

Dear Miss Wilson:— I have read so many
interesting reports and exp'jriences, and had
a number of great helps through the Ameri.
can Bee .Journal and you, that it really seems

as if you and I were acquainted. However, I
scarcely think we would recognize each other
on the street should we happen to meet, do
you?

This time I am not going to ask any ques-
tions, but have had several experiences that I
thought possibly you might like to hear.

We live in the heart of the best residence
district of a city of about 105.000 people. We
have the largest grounds around, with one ex-
ception, and the place has a great deal of fruit
of all kinds on it, especially apples. It has
baen the conundrum of years to keep boys
away from apple-trees in the city. Nearly
every one has given up in despair, and let the
boys have the apples so save the annoyance
and bother of being up at 3 a.m. and keeping
an uninterrupted vigil all day, only to gel up
the next morning and find some one has har-

vested your fruit before you arose by the
light of the moon.

We tried keeping a bulldog, and various
other ways to save the fruit. But the dog
was poisoned, and the other ways proved
worthless after a trial. All at once one day
my eye came upon an article about bees, in
the newspaper, and being always interested
in bees Ihrougli being so fond of the honey, I
read the article. It was on the habits of b: e?,
and other things that to a bee-keeper are so
common. But being an uninitiated one at
that time the article looked so wonderful that,
on thinking it over, the thought occurred to
me, Why would not the bees keep away the
troublesome boys? That was the beginning,
in the late summer of 1903. I sent for " A B C
of Bee Culture," and studied all winter, and
engaged bees for the spring.

The result is we have not been bothered
at all with boys since one small crowd of
boys meddled with the hives by throwing
apples at them and were stung. One boy tells
all the rest, and they " stay off." I wonder it
any one else has ever kept bees for this pur-
pose, and if they have been as successful.

Only yesterday the boys were attempting to
steal the ripe peaches from our finest tree. It
is loaded with fine fruit, and away from the
bees somewhat. I had a couple of empty
hives, and we set those empty hives right un-
der the peach-tree, with harmless but good
results. For our own home, at least, I seem-
ingly have solved the extremely hard buy
problem to my satisfaction.

I have a colony under each tree of the
choicest fruit, and the common fear and terror
of bees makes other people (as well as boys)
keep a safe distance away.

Since keeping bees the last 2 summers, and
finding out some of their habits, and the ways
to handle them, I often wonder why so many
people are so mortally afraid of bees that they
can not go into a most pleasant and profitable
(after learning the ins and outs) business.

I am a young business woman, and bees
and music are my only recreations. My music
I study early in the morning, and my bees
every evening when I get home from the
office.

I also had the experience of catching a
strange (the first one I ever handled alone)
swarm of bees last Eummer They were hang-
ing from a limb of an oak-tree about 10 feet
from the ground. I have the bees still. All
the neighbors (for it is thickly settled around
us) were so terrified at the swarm of bees
they dared not open the screen door, and sent
for the street inspector to remove them. He
came and " dared not do it," and went away.
For 2 days this swarm hung before I found it
out. I was out in the garden when a passing
teamster told me about the swarm of bees,
and seeing the hives asked it they were mine.
I told him they were not.

" You can get that swarm it you know
how," he said.

I told him I did not want to steal even a
swarm of bees.

" You need not be afraid. The whole
neighborhood is scared to death, and willing
to pay to have them removed."

So I went over, with the above result. 1
found out about the inspector after capturing
the bees, and he was greatly relieved, as he
" dast not." and could not, or did not care
to find any one who "dast." I had lots of
fun and an experience tnat don't come often
to one who has always lived in a city.

Last year was a very poor honey-year, and
this year worse yet. There were quantities
of clover blossoms, but so much rain and such
cold weather the bees could not work. I
think I will average about 25 pounds of honey
per colony, and considering the weather and
my inexperience, coupled with having to
transfer 3 out of 5 colonies last spring, I have
done as well as I could expect for one who
makes bee-keeping a secondary occupation.
And I have had all kinds of good times among
them, and many a good laugh, as people that
knew nothing of bees made a remark or
asked questions.

The American Bee Journsl is a paper which
is as necessary in bee-keeping as a dishpan to
housekeeping. I have been on the point of
bothering you feveral times, and I'd say to
myself, " I'll wait till the Journal comes, and
perhaps I can help myself out," and, sure

Sept, 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

667

enough, the very thing I'd want, and at the
time I'd want it, would be in the very next
paper.

I have laughed at some of my remarks in a
previous letter printed in the Journal, and
torn to pieces in a good-natured way by some
critic, and really I am learning lots, and
thank you very much. Miss Michigan.

It took a woman's wit to solve the sneak-
thief question. I want to congratulate you
on your success. It was a very bright idea,
putting those empty hives under your luscious
peach-tree. I could just see those boys skulk-
ing away from the empty hives, and you en-
joying the sport; but it would be hardly ad-
visable to publish in the local papers that said
hives contained nothing but emptiness I

Honey Tooth-Paste

Four ounces of precipitated chalk, 3 ounces
of powdered castile soap, 2 ounces of pow-
dered orris root, JU drops of oil of sassafras,
40 drops of oil of bay, sufficient honey to
form into a paste. — Mme. Qui Vive, in Chi-
cago Record-Herald.

Honey in the Heart of London

Over 50 pounds of comb honey of excellent
quality have recently been gathered in the very
heart of London. The bees belonged to a
woman apiarist. — The Farmers' Review.

r

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Doctor IHtUcr s Qucstioiv^ox

^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does ivot answer Questions by mail.

J

Remedy for Bee-Moth

Is there no preventive against what is
known as the bee-moth? Out of 30 strong
colonies we have had 4 literally ruined by this
infamous pest. It appears that when the
moth gets into a hive the bees give up to their
fate, which very soon is entire destruction.
If there is a remedy why not publish it in
every bee-paper in the land? Missouri.

Answer.— Every bee-paper in the land has
repeatedly published the remedy, and it may
also be found in the text-books. In a word,
the remedy is strong colonies and Italian
blood.

It is hardly the right thing to say that the
moth overcomes a colony ; rather, the moth
comes in to finish up the work when a colony
has given up. No one ever heard of a strong
colony of Italian bees with a good laying
queen being overcome by the wax-moth.
True, the wax-moth may get in some of its
work, but the bees of such a colony will
always keep the upper hand without any in-
terference on the part of the bee-keeper.
Don't allow weak colonies ; don't allow queen-
less colonies. Even a very weak colony, how-
ever, will keep the moth at bay, if the bees be
of Italian blood and have a good queen.

The " Stlnslns-Bug " and Bees

I am sending you a new enemy of the honey-
bees. These bugs stay right among the blos-
soms of sweet clover, and when a honey-bee
alights on it inquestof nectar they will fasten
their front feet or claws to the honey-bee's
leg and about the stem of the blossom, hold-
ing the bee fast, and rob it of its nectar, as all
bees have had their tongues out when I have
found them dead, with one or two of these
bugs holding fast to them. What are the
bugs? Will they be a source of annoyance,
that is, if they become very plentiful*

Illinois.

Ansv-er — The culprit is Pbymata erosa,
which you will find described in Cook's Man-
ual, where Prof. Cook says: "I have re-
ceived it from Maryland to Missouri on the
South, and from Michigan to Minnesota on
the North. The insect will lie concealed
among the flowers, and upon occasion will
grasp a bee. hold it off at arm's length, and
suck out its blood and life. ... It is also called
the 'stinging-bug,' in reference to its habit
of repelling intrusion by a painful thrust
with its sharp, strong beak."

It is about 'k of an inch long, looking a
good bit like a squash-bug on a small scale,
a special characteristic being its very heavy,
awkward-looking front legs, which are, how-
ever, admirably adapted to seize and hold its
prey. It is not wliolly bad, for it destroys
caterpillars and other vegetable-feeding in-
sects. Although known for many years, it

has never seemed to become a very importan
foe, which is fortunate, as it would be a hope
less task to try to conquer it.

Queer Experience in Introdncins
Queens

I took the old queen from colony No. 1
Friday morning, Aug. 11, and put in a cage
and queen on Saturday, the 12th. I took the
old queen from colony No. 3 on Monday, the
14th, and put in a cage and queen the same
evening, about .5.aO. On the same day colony
No. 1 swarmed out and united with colony
No. 2 without much fighting. What became
of queen No. 1, and why did the bees swarm
out and unite with No. 3? lam sure No. 1
was dequeened, and, further, they came clear
across the whole row of hives. I have intro-
duced a great many queens, but never before
had such an experience. Kansas.

Answer.— Bees are queer critters, and
there's no telling why they do some things.
In the present case. No. 1 may have swarmed
because in proper condition for swarming, for
when a colony has the swarming fever the
change of queens doesn't count. But why
the swarm should enter No. 3 I don't know —
possibly because there was some excitement
there caused by the introducing. I have
known cases where a swarm has issued and
after some delay has entered a hive other than
its own. As to what became of the queen of
No. 1, it very likely went with the swarm and
entered No. 3

Questions on Management

I have in my apiary 4 colonies of bees which
have made nu- much trouble. I shall call
them Noe. 1. -, :^ and 4.

No. 1 had a i|i'een that was not a good one.
The bees dwindled away until the colony be-
came very weak. The first part of August I
introduced a nuw i|ueen, which was accepted,
but the young .|ueen was not much better.

Colony No. 'i was queenless. I introduced
a queen that was killed; later I united No. 3
with No. 1. Hill still No. 1 remains weak.

To No. 3, which was a strong colony, after
removing the old queen, I introduced a young
queen, whicli was killed in the cage and
thrown out. I then introduced a second
queen which ' believe, was accepted. The
bees are very ■ 1 1 '>s.

Colony Ni' ■-. which was also queenless,
was strong \'- :i ii I'gffs and brood in many cells
of all stage^^. I thought the eggs were laid
by a worker-bL-'- I therefore took the colony
about 50 roiK uway from the old stand, and
brushed all ilie liees from the combs in the
grass, before- in truducing the young queen,
but the bees di.i not accept the queen. The
colony is medium strong, and still has some

brood, but the wax-worm took possession
of it. This was one of my best colonies.

1. Why did not colony No. 1 improve after
uniting with No. 2?

2. What was the reason No. 3 killed the
queen first introduced? and what makes them
so very cross?

3. Did I do right in uniting No. 3 with
No. 1?

4. How can I save colony No. 4, or how can
I improve No. 1? Should I unite, or should
I put in a frame of all kinds of brood from a
strong colony ? Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. Old age of the bees was
probably the basic trouble with No. 1 at the
last. Its two queens being poor, there was
little addition to the strength of the colony,
and the bees were dying otf faster than the
j'oung bees were coming on. Colony No. 2
was added to it but No. 2 had been queenless
for some time, and its bees were getting old,
so that they died off in a short time, leaving
the colony no stronger than before. Indeed,
it is possible that some of the bees of No. 2
may have returned to some colony near its
old place, so that there was little help from
No. 2 even at the time of uniting. It would
have helped more to build up the colony it
you had given it frames of vjry young brood
from other colonies. It does not weaken a
strong colony very much to draw from it a
frame of brood if that brood consists of eggs
and very young larviv, for that frame can
soon be replaced, and the queenless colony
can just as well be taking care of brood as
not.

2. The manner of introducing may have
had something to do with it, but sometimes
bees will kill a queen when no reason for it
can be seen. Bees are freaky,

3. There was no barm in uniting two queen- '
less colonies, and very little good, as ex-
plained in answer to Ques 1.

4. Giving young brood, as already ex-
plained, will be a help, the trouble being that
at this time of the year it is not so easy to find
plenty of full frames of brood. If you have
two or more strong colonies with young
queens, you may get one or more such frames
from each ; at any rate j'ou can take the
youngest brood you can find, and a week
later you ought to find those frames replaced
so you could make another haul. Don't un-
derstand that young brood will build up a
colony faster than sealed brood, only it does
not cost so much to the colony drawn on.

2?eport5 aw^
(fxpcrtcnces

Bees Did Well

My bees did very well this summer. I will
have about a ton of nice white comb honey.
I have been geitiog 10 and 12',. cents a pound
for all that I have sold. I started last spring
with '20 colonies and increased to 31.

Wm. Miller.

YakimaCo., Wash., Sept. 2.

Season of 1905— Queens

Another honey season is about closed, and
while we got a fair amount of honey, the sea-
son was not an ideal one. We had an abun-
dant bloom of fruit, dandelion, alsike and
white clover, and basswood, but the weather
was loo cool and wet while the balk of the
bloom was out. On many days the bees could
not fly, and on many fair days the bloom
seemed to yield no nectar. Clover seemed to
yield but little for at least 3 weeks after it
came into bloom ; basswood yielded nothing,
and has not for several years. While I have
as much honey as I had last year, the yield
per colony is not nearly as much.

We had abundant rains all summer, and
there still is much white, alsike and sweet
clover blooui out, also plenty of heartsease,
but the latter seldom yields much in this lo-
cality ; but the bees are getting enough to live

668

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 21, 1905

on and keep up brood-reariog, and most of
them are in fair shape for winter.

Swarming was not excessive. I increased
from 42, spring count, to 6t), but some ol the
increase was made ajtiBcially. I had only
about 18 natural swarms.

We are often told that many queens are lost
on their wedding Bight, either by being
caught by birds or entering the wrong hive
on their return. Doubtless it is true; in fact,
1 have lost a few by their entering the wrong
hive, having found the queens either balled
or dead at the entrances of the hives, while a
colony near by, having a virgin queen, was
minus its queen. But from observation I
am inclined to think that as many, or more,
queens are lost in other waj s.

Six or T days after swarming I usually cut
off all queen-cells but one, to prevent after-
swarms, but this season the weather did not
always admit of doing the work soon enough,
so one day, after several days of rainy, cool
weather, when the work should have been
done, I opened the hive of a colony that had
cast a swarm 8 or 9 days previously. On the
first comb I lifted I saw queen-cells torn
down ; on the next I found a cell from which
a queen had hatched, and on the same comb
a young queen as lively as a cricket, but with
the merest rudiments of wings. I promptly
killed har, and, fortunately, found cells not
yet torn down, from which they soon had a
perfect queen.

On another occasion I saw quite a commo-
tion in front of another hive that had pre-
viously cast a swarm, and on examination 1
found a virgin queen with defective wings,
floundering on the ground with a handful of
bees with her. She had evidently started on
her wedding-trip, and. not being able to fly,
fell in front of the hive. In both of these
instances, had I not discovered the defective
queens when I did, I would later on have had
queenless colonies, and probably would have
concluded that the queens were caught by
birds or had entered wrong hives.

At another time I cut all cells from the
combs of acolony except one veiy fine one,
and, later on, when I made an examination
as to whether or not they had a laying queen,
I found them queenless, and the fine, large
cell still on the comb with a dead queen in it
Here, again, had the cell not been there to tell
the tale, I might have said the queen was lost
in mating.

Taking all these circumstances into consid-
eration, I am inclined to think that as many
or more, queens are lost from other causes
than by being caught by birds or entering
wrong hives on their mating flight.

Many colonies that cast swarms and turned
up queenless when too late to remedy the
matter, could be saved if beekeepers would
make prompt examinations— as soon as youn.'
queens ordinarily snould be laying.

T, .. A. H. Snowberqer.

Huntington Co., Ind., Sept. 7.

Common MothepwoFt

I enclose a plant that has made its appear-
ance in this section in small quantities. It
began blooming about May 1, and has con-
tinued to do so until now. There has not
been a single day, unless hard rain, that the
Dees have not been on it in great numbers. I
am sure it is a great honey-yielder. I have
asked many people if they l<new anything of
the plant, and have not been able to find any-
one who did. U is usually found about old
barns, stables, and any old, i^eseiied houses.

,, , ,, „ ,„ I>. H. SUDDlTH.

Cabell Co., W. Va., Sept. 5.

[The plant is the common motherwort—
Leonurus Cardiaca— and, as you suspect, is a
great honey-plant.-C. L. Walton.]

Shaken Swarms-Swarms Desert-

ingr— Home-Made vs. Faetory-

Made Hives

On page 501 it speaks of giving brood to
shaken swarms. Jn handling such swarms I
found it best to put the old queens and Slid
of tlie bees in a new hive, with strips of foun-
dation for guides in the frames, one frame of
brood being given if there was no honey in 1

the fields, but if honey was plenty in the
fields the bees would generally stay without
any brood being given.

On the same page it speaks of swarms de-
serting. I use Father Langstrotn's plan :
Put the bees into boxes with wire-cloth cov-
ers, and set the boxes and bees in the shade
for 5 hours or more, until the swarming-fever
is over, then put the bees into a cool hive.

A great deal is said about hives, and for and
against the factory-made hive. After having
handled hives for 3(1 years, and making my
own hives, I wish to say that very few men
can make their own hives so that they will be
as cheap or as good, or will last so well, as
those made by any good, honest manufac-
turer—and I do not know of any dishonest
ones. I make my own hives, and I think I
have the best hives that I have ever seen or
heard of — certainly the best for those who
wish to keep only 50 colonies of bees or less,
and keep them on the same stands summer
and winter; the best for ease of handling,
and for safety in wintering, but they cost a
trifle more than ordinary hives. They are
well made, but not as well as some I have seen
from the factory. Wii. H. K. Eagerty.

Republic Co., Kans., .July 31;

One of the Asters

What is the name of the flower I send? The
bees work on it first-rate here in the fall, and
it grows all over in old burnings. It is in
full bloom now, and will last till frost comes.
Is there much honey in it. or is it pollen the
tees are after? V. A. Goodnow.

Lincoln Co., Wis.

[The flower is one of the asters, and, along
with the other members of the same class, it
furnishes a large and excellent supply of nec-
tar for the bees.— C. L. Walton.]

Poor Season— No Honey

We have had a very bad season. During
fruit-bloom it was very wet, then when white
clover came it turned very dry, so much so
that the clover was dried up entirely. Then
we had the corn-tassel, but this hardly kept
the bees alive. Now we have the Spanish-
needle and a few late flowers. We have had
no honey yet. J. K. Botd & Son.

Boone Co., Mo., Aug. 26.

Crop Practically a Failure

Our crop of honey from 650 colonies of bees
IS only 4000 pounds. No comb honey from
our 3 comb yards. There is a shortage of at
least 80,000 pounds of honey in this valley

Ada Co., Ida., Sept. 9. E. F. Atwater

Most Excellent Honey Crop

I have 20 colonies of bees now. I thought
to write about the entire honey season, as it is
nearly over with us, but I was afraid that if I
gave the amount of honey or the number of
sections of honey gathered by a single colony,
there might be plenty that would doubt it, if
it were published. So I'll only say that the
honey crop here was excellent— most excel-
lent— in every respect.

Emanuel B. KAnrrniAN.

Lebanon Co., Pa., Sept. B.

He Will Be a Bee-Keeper

My father is a subscriber to the American
Bee .lournal, and I enjoy reading it very
much. I am 10 years old.

We have 3 colonies of bees. One of them
is in an observation hive. I sit with it open
for hours at a time, and watch the bees I
enjoy watching them, and when I grow older
1 mean to have some myself.

Linn Co., Mo., Sept. S. Damon MuRPaT.

BEE-KEBPBRS' SUPPLIBS.

VVe are now able to quote lower prires than ever
before Highest quality cuarantced. We handle the
G. B. I.ewiB Co'b Koods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives. Send tor my (W-page CatalOK, and
leaflet for beninners. They arc free.

4<Etf w. J. MCCARTY, EmmetsbnrK, Iowa

BEE= BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

0. C. Miller. — This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique iu this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, Jl.OO.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology pf bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.30.

Liangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.30
•
Scientific Queen -Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared iu perfect accord with. Nature's way.
'Jound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
ill leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his lx)ok;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
4

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation o£ the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 35 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

"Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result ol 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Please mention Bee Jonmal
when writing advertisers.

Sept. 21. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

669

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the
foUowioe prices:

1.^-lb. Jars with corks — 1 case of 31 doz. for
15.50; 3 cases, .$15.50.

Ji-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5.25; 3 cases for ¥15.

1-lb. Tiptop .Jars— 1 case of 12 doz., for fo;
3 cases for $14.

Hand":" Comb Foundation Mills

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

YORK HONEY iH^^^^ CO.

[Not incorporatf d)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Pttt*(lI878,'S:

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everythinpr in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if l want any more smokers your new style is
good enotig'h for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
dttced me to i^et mine. Frbd Fodner.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

/;■■' Normal rates have been restored
by all lines between Chicago, Buffalo,
New York. Boston, and other Eastern
points, and the Nickel Plate Road is
still prepared to furnish strictly first-
class service between Chicago and the
East, in their 3 daily through trains
to New York and Boston, at rates as
low as obtained by any other line.
Meals served as you like, in the dining-
car, either a la carte, club, or table de
hote, but in no case will a meal cost
more than $1.00. Our rates will be of
interest to you, and information cheer-
fully given by calling at 111 Adams
Street, or addressing John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, or 'phoning Central 2057.

33— 36A4t

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. !Sp«cial Miscount on sill l>e«^-NiipplieN
not now in -season. l,ewis' tioods at facloi-y pi-loe». Catalog free.

Honey-Packag-es for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets. <iila»!« Jars -^vitli patent sprine
sealers auU ;:ia!«s stoppers: regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of i-.xtraeted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-.Jars and Tin Buckets.

Fine Italian Queens by Return Mail

Tested Queens $] OO

Select Tested Queens g.oo

Untested Queens $ .75 I

Select Untested (Queens 1.00 |

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. It
yoa can't supjily the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Uest service
lovest frei^flit rates satistaetion to all. '

C. M. SCOTT & CO. ISgfA^'A^P^oYfl"- ^^""

^^lease mention Bee JoumaJ -wiiei} r?rntane

♦*

i2l"e honey- jars

The No. 25 Hoaey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely lip nt, holding- One Pound
of Honey, Net, la shipping-cases of one gross
each:

1 gross lots $4 50 per gross

5 " " 4.1 0 *•

Alo in Btroci^' kE-SH PPING CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated parlllions, sides,
top and bottom— a perfect pri tection —

1 case lots — ttoo per case

5 ** 95

10 '• -90 "

E tiht ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shippine case:

5 case lot?, per case, 3 doz 85::

10 '• *' " 8ic

20 " •* *' 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt sbipmeot on re-
ceipt ol order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 &, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf PieaRft mention the Bep Journal

^El 11 IK i.l OUDI 1> s I04

Will be ei t L d t \ r h rt^ li k3— tlie

early market ^^tl■lllIl, with vaiualtle sugi^esliuris on
breeding' ■in'i f't-tlinf^: by eminent aiithurities.
Kvery issiK- ^^ m i li the venrly price- 2o cents for 12
ninnthe;. BLOODED STOCK. Box221. Oxford. Pa.

VIRGINIA QUEENS IfrcPoTs^lfyllt

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queeus, 75c; alter June 15, 60c; tested
queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; alter June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHA5. KOEPPEN.
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

ITALIAN

Bees,Queens andNuclei

Choice homebred and im-
ported stock. A 1 1 queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested q ueen $ .65

One tested queen qo

One select lasted queen.. 1.10

One breeding queen 1.65

One comb nucleus (no

qneeni i.oo

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arri\al guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list. 100 or 200 lbs.
of Brood Foundation. Send for sample and
prices. J. !>• S1'R«r«G.

204 East Logan Street. CLARIINDA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

Wb Sell ROOT'S GOODS in Michigan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Ponndation, etc., aa we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT &SON.

Beli. Bkanch, Waynb Co., Mich

K'ease mention Bee J-imaaJ -when writuif.

WANTED

Every bee-keeper to have one of our
National Kitchen Cabinets in their
kitchen, and also to act as our agfent for their
locality. Let us get acquainted. We will
help you to make some money.

NATIONAL CABINET CO.,

3.><Alt UILBERT, WIS.

- i-. - s -jn ■- Traon Bee .raii-fi a' v - - ■.. ~^~ r ,-■

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I 12 Percent Discount

M We will allovf you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by

B Cash during September. Send for our Catalog-.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

670

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 21, 1905

Capital City Apiary !

Fine Italian <>^ueen$

Untested, after June 15, 75c; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders— the very best, ?5.00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. WALTER S. HOSS,

1133 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

27A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Learn Telegraphy a«d R. R.
Accounting

S.'iO to $K0 per month salary assured our graduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you hare . a
nnsition Larsest system of tcleRraph schools m
Krica. Kndorsedby all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DEMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write for Catalos-

MOR8E SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.

Wis. Texartana, Te.t. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention the Bee Journal

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives. Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
ern. By sending us a list of goods vpanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35AlSt SHEBOYGAN, WIS^

PURE ITALIAN BEES

The most b?autlful, gentle, prolific, best
working, and. h°i-e lone tongued, best honey-
gatberers. PRIZES- VI. Swiss Agricultural
E.xhibilion, Berne, 1S")5; Swiss National Exhi-
bi'tlod, Geneva, 18%; Bee Keeping Exposition,
Lieire Belgium, 18)5; Universal Exposition,
St Louis, U. S. A., 1904. THE MIQHESr
AWARD. Extra Select Bteeding Queen, 13.00;
six, $10.00; dozen, $30.00. Selected yueen, $2.00;
six, $1100; dozen, $20.00. Special prices on
larger number. The addresses must be clear;
payments by postal money orders. Ifby chance
a queen dies upon the journey she is to be re-
turned Immediately, with a p stal certificale,
and another queen will be pent gratis. Address
ANTHONY BIAGGI
PEDEVILLE, NEAR BELLINZONA,
ITALIAN SAirZBRLAND

This country is politically the Switzeiland
Republic, but lies geographically in Italy, and
possesses the best kind of bees known. In
writing mention the American Bee Journal.

Select Tested Breeders

(iolden Yellow Breeding Queens, .SI. Every
young queen from them yellow as gold. Non-
swarming, non-stingers and hustlers tor
honey. 8-page leaflet on Queen-Rearing free
to all.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee Jimrial -when writinj;

&0- When planning a business or
pleasure trip from Chicago to Buffalo,
New York, Boston, or any Eastern
point, you should investigate the satis-
factory service afforded by any of the
3 Express Trains operated by the Nickel
Plate Road. Colored porters are in
charge of coaches, whose duties are to
look after the comfort of passengers
while enroute. Special attention shown
ladies and children, as well as elderly
people, traveling alone. No excess
fare charged on any train on the Nickel
Plate Road. American Club Meals,
from 35 cents to $1.00, served in Nickel
Plate dining-cars, ""ine trial will result
to your satisfaction. AU trains leave
from La Salle Street Station, only
depot in Chicago on the Ivlevated Rail-
road Loop. Call on or address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago. 34— 36A4t

Please tneution Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
seasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
ded not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN MAlIi. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated for the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1.

Untested 12 for 16.00

6 for 3.25

Ifor 60

Alter Oct. 1. I Tested—

Untested 13 for $7.50 | Each..

" 6 for 4 00 I Breeders-

" 1 for 75 Each.. .

.$1.50
. 3.00

27Al3t

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Special Offers Uotil Oct. 1, 1905

§ Standard-Bred z&t Queen, HO cents

2 for SI. 10, or 6 or more at one time, 50 cents each. The Weekly American Bee
Journal one year (either new or renewal subscription) with one of these line Queens
—both for $1.30. Better have one or more of the Queens. They give satisfaction.
Remember, the above offers expire Oct. 1, 1905. First come first served.

1

S An Untested Italian Queen-Bee

FREE as a Premium

= For Sending One New Subscriber =

tor the American Bee Journal for a year with $1.00.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen to the person who compiles with the following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed:

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2. Sending your own name with $1.00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle yon
to a Queen as a'premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a I^EW subscriber; which means,
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one ; and, also, the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
be made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away— they must be
earned in a legitimate way. They are worth working tor.

Address all orders to _ „

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

$

I

I

Sept. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

671

B66§UDDlIl

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for 15 years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAflESTOWN, N. Y.
Flease mention Hee Joomal Tvlien wrlUuft

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUNO CANS
We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
■wood Honey in 60-lb. caos that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 1 can
in a box, at 8 cents a pound ; 2 or more cane,
boxed, a,t TJj cents — all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order.' Sample, by mail, 8 cents in
stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYl'.^Pp'u^v'^CO.

141-H3 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

New Comb Honev-Crop of 1905

We believe it would paj those having' it ia car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us jour low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
foods and si vie of packag'e; wheo jou can ship,
etc. We handle more of these g-oods than any
other firm in the US. Yours for business,
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Goto., and FdiRFiELD, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Big Discounts
on Bee-Supplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey. packages for current use;
For cash orders before Oct. 1 — 10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 S " March 1 . , 4 •'

Jan. 1 7 " I April I 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Until further notice, fine-t quality new crop
California Water-White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y.

34Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Guaranteed Superiority !

Lowest^ Prices I ^

We have been making Bee-
Hives, Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New .. Illustratbd .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

Cotnplete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIG-HT NOW- GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

1 0 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

^ ^SEPTEMBERi^

This applies to all snoods with exception of Shipping--Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

c. H.W.WEBER "s:r

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

CHtcAGO^Aug-. IS —The demand has absorbed
all the offerings of fancy and A No. 1 grades of
white comb honey at 14c, while No. 1 has sold
at 13@13^c. No call at present for other than
the best grade, it really beiag difficult to place
what ordinarily is called No. 1. Extracted,
white. 6@7c; amber, light and dark,5(ii'6c. Bee
wax, 28c. R. A. Burnbtt '& Co.

Kansas City, Autr- 24.— The honey market
here shows a decided improvement and the
market is firm at $2.85 to $3.00 for No. 1 and
fancy white comb in 24 section cases. Amber
and other grades are selling for less, according
to quality. Extracted in fair demand, white
selling at 6\4cents; other grades downto4>ic.
Beeswax, 28c. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, O., Sept. 8.— It appears by this
time, that comb hooey will not be so plentiful.
In tome parts of tbe West the crop has been
more or less a lailure. Prices so far have not
changed much yet. Fancy white comb. 13@l5c.
Extracted seems to be more plentiful. In bar-
re's, light amber, 5!4@5>ic; in cans, J^c more;
white clover from 7(&)Sc. Beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W. Weber.

Indianapolis, Sept. 2 — There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De-
mand for lower tirades of comb honey not gocd.
Numerous shipments of honey arriving, but no
one producer s^ems to have very great quanti-
ties to offer. I quote fancy white at 14(i('l5c;
No. I in poor demaud at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade extracted brings 8@0c in dO-lb,
cans; amber slow at 5c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

Walter S. Poudek.

New York, Sept. 7.— Ncwcropof comb honey
is now arriving ia a bmalt way and fancy stock
finds ready sale at I4@15c per pound; No. 1, at
12@13c, and amber at He. No buckwheat on
the market as yet. Extracted in good demand,
and we quote Caliiornla at 6@7>6c per pound,
according to quality; Southern at from 55^'65c
per gallon; whit; clover at 6Jito7c per pound.
Beeswax steadv at 2*>c per pound.

Hildreth a Seoelkbn

Toledo, Aug. l-^ - The market on comb honey
at this writing is practically the same as last;
however, honey i- being offered quite freely,
and this has a tendency to decline the price.
On account ot the heavy receipts of fruit there
is no great demand for either comb or extracted
at present. Fancy white clover in a retail way
brings 15c; No. 1, l4c; Utile demand for amber.

Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6@6j^c; in
cans, 7@7J4c; amber in barrels, 5@5Jiic; in cans,
t@6i^c. Beeswax, 28@30c. Griggs Bros.

Philadelphia, Sept. 9.— Some honey arriv-
ing, with prospects of a good crop all through
the East; but no call for comb honey, so that
prices are not as yet established. Extracted
honey is arriving freely and is selling as fol-
lows: Fancy white, 7@8c; amber, 6@7c. Bees-
wax, 27c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sklsbr.

Cincinnati, Sept. 7.— There is little to report
s'nce our quotation two weeks ago. The supply
of both comb and extracted honey is fair, and
the demand is good. We offer extracted honey
as follows: Amber, in barrels and canp, at
S^A&b'^iCy respectively. White clover at 7@S><c.
Fancy white comb honey at 12@15c. Beeswax,
29 cents. The Frbd W. Muth Co.

Albany, N. Y., Sept. 8.— Honey market is
opening up in good shape here, with increasing
demand for new crop. Comb, fancy white,
15@16 cents; good white, 14@lSc; No. 2, 13@14c;
buckwheat, 12H@13c. Extracted, white, 7@7Wc;
mixed, 6H@7c; buckwheat or dark, (i@t%c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Sept. 4.— White comb, l-lb-
sections, '*@10 cents; amber, 7*8c. Extracted,
water-white, i'^@5c; white, 4K@4!^c; light am-
ber, 3^@4 cents; amber, 3@3Hc; dark amber,
2>6@3c. Beeswax, good to choice, light, 26@27c.

The market continues very weak, but prices
are being maintained as quoted. Stocks have
a tendency to accumulate under normal re-
ceipts and a still further reduction in price may
be necessary before the honev in first hands
can be moved. Receipts are of good quality,
the average being much lighter in color than
usual.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watir St. Chicago. III.

ipi «?.-?:?' :- «■.■.:. ittae JoumaJ waen wntliu^.

IHonliern King Queens

One Untested, 50c; Tested, •'iil. 00. Try one.
Addrtss. B. F. SCHMIDT,
R.F.D 1, X. liuENA Vista, Clayton Co., Iowa

For Sale or Rent

25 Colouies of Bees and Supplies.
Box 135. Downers Grove, III.

672

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAIU

Sept. 21, 1905

DISCOUNT

ON ORDERS ACCOMPANIED BY CASH SENT US DURING

SEPTEMBER

9 perceilt during October.
8 percent during November.

7 percent during December.
6 percent during January.

4 percent during February,
2 percent during March.

This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current use.

On receipt of the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity we will
mail to any address free of charge postpaid a copy of our little book, "Bee Pranks,"
which is a pamphlet compiled from newspaper clippings containing many laughable and
interesting anecdotes which have actually happened in the life of the bee. Published
only by G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowu, Wis., U.S.A.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyc, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Lovelaud.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA

Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

Q. B.LEWIS CO. B

Manufacturers of

ee- Keepers'
SiTpplitiS

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A.

i

National Bee=Keepers* Convention at Cliicago, Dec. 5, 6, 7

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPTEMBER 28, 1905

No. 39

\ _^

i ,

S

Conrads' Improved Bee-Smoker.

No. 2.— Mr. Kilgore and His No. 1
Comb Honey.

No. 3. — One of Mr. Kilgore'e Tiered-Up
Hives.

No. 1.— Apiary of S. ti. Kilgore, of Madison Co., Ohio.

(Sie page 678)

Apiary of W. D. Ball, uf r^, .Joseph Co., Ind.

674

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28 ^^1>S

PCBLISBED WEEKI.Y BY

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

3S4 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE 8TTBSCRIPTI0N PRICE of this Journal is
fl.iM.) a year. In the United States. Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
endof the month to which your f«ub8criptlo ■ is paid.
For instance, " dec05" on your label shows thai it is
paid to the end of December, I9u4.

8TTBSCH1PTI0N RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
cbange the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist.— To promote the interests of Its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riirhts. ^ ^ ,

3d.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wl».

f3^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
oablisbers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tlie Honey-Producers' League

(Incorporated)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-beeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.(Kt for each
20 (or fraction of liin colonies of bees (spring count*
he owns or operates.

2. Any ho ley dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may becomi* a member < n the
aoDual payment (if a fee of $10. increased by one-
flfth of one (l 1 percent ot his or its capital used in
the allied irterestfj of bee-iteepinK.

QsoKOE W York, Manager.

334 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end ot
190.S. we wi'i give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW subscription with $i.'fj for the
Bee Journal a vear. Nuw is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wir.h extra copies of the Bee
Journal tor use a« samples, let us know how many
you wiint and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the ofBce of the American Bee Journal,

IN THE HEART OF MICHIGAN

Within a hundred miles of me are over % of
the bee-keepers of Michigan. I am on the Fere
Marquette R.R., which completely covers this
region. Root's Goods, Factory Prices,
Prompt Service, Low Freight. Send
for Catalog.

UEORGE E. HILTON,

28A12t FREMONT. MICH.

Mention B«'e Journal when wrltlns.

Now is the Timdo Order

Your Bee-Hives. Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAr.' FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Joiirunl n'hen nritins.

^ <• If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

® BEE-SUPPLIES i
.-=1=;
Root's Goods ai Root's Prices I
Everything- used by Bee Keepers. ^t,

POUDER S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. ^

Low Freight Rates. .'. .'. .-. Catalog Free. ^

Tl*^ If you with to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my ^SjP

# free monthly pi ice-list of bodey. ^JL.

Why oot secure your BEE-SUPPLieS NOW FOR NEXT SEA50N»S USE, and avail ^

t yourself of the following- very liberal disconntsV Goods all Root Quality. ^1^

Percent I For cash orders before Jan. 1.7 percent ^F

For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 For cash orders tefore Feb. 1.6 percent 1S»

w^ For cash orders before Nov. 1 9 For cash orders before Mar. 1 .4 percent ^^

«» For cash orders before Dec. 1 8 j For cash orders befote Apr. 1.. 2 percent ijs^

I VyflLTER S. rOUDER, |

J^ 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION i'h\ BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working- Wax for Cash, and oti a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER, - Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Journal -when -wxltlng.

IT'S TIME TO FEED

Feeding time is here and you will want feeders. There are none better made than
the Miller- Boardman Entrance Division-Board Feeder and the Simplicity Bottom-Board
Feeder. Tney can be attached to the bottom-board and left all the year around. Are
made on honor and sold direct from the factory to you, saving you a middleman's
profit.

Tour orders will receive prompt attention. Send them early.

Don't fail to send us your address for our new catalog, which will be very compre-
hensive, and will give you many valuable pointers upon beekeeping.

JOHN DOLL & SOX,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

10 Percent \fmmi z:z.i::z Lewis' Bee-Supplies

cash sent us in IT

H. M. ARND
Mgr.

accum panted by

cash sent us

SEPTEMBER. This applies to all g-oods excepting Honey-Packages for cur-
rent use. By Return Freight or Express. Send to

ITORK HON£ JL 5UPPLY CO. (Notlnc).

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want Cood Ooods

at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange

— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Iteff

Sept. 28, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

67S

AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

! "DADANT'S FOUNDATION"

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. S-lbs. 10-lbs. 251bs. SO lbs.

Medium Brood SS 53 51 49 48

Light Brood 57 55 53 51 50

Tliin Surplus 62 60 58 56 55

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63 61 59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During- September 10 percent

•' October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "■

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

;|. DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in Noromp shipping

CASES, ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE. AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT. AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

B66 - SUDDlieS ! |

We carry a large stock and greatest
variety of everythiDg needed in the
Apiary, assuring bent goods at lowest
prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus-
trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc.
Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language.

KRfcTCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. ,

AGENCIES

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas.

Shugart& Ouren, Council BlnfEs, Iowa. | I. H Myers, Lamar, Colo.

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antouo, Tex.

Get New Subscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber fer
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal 7

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live aDd thrive.
You can't have healthy, proatabl»
fowls or Btoulc and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Licfr

promptly kills all insect vermin and
makes sittinc hena comfortable.
Sample 10c; 100 oz.. Jl.OO by express-

o. K. STOCK rooi» CO.,

D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406MoBon Bide, Cfalcaffo. Ill,

Bee-Keepers'
Early DiseouDts

Now is the Time to Rend in your
order for ffoods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts ;

deduct 10 percent

9

. " 8

" 7

. " 6

. " 4

Before -October 1. . .
'• November 1.
' ' Decern ber 1 .

January 1. . .
'■ February 1. .

March 1

April 1

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowe>t Can take Honey aud Beeswax
in exchange for Supplies If yon desire.
Send for fr t illustrated Cataloe. It de-
scribes a'u' iUnstraies everything fur
both the f'niiltry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOILiKnO, - OHIO.

Mention Itfr Journal irhen T^-rltingf.

676

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28, 1905

Are Your Bees in Good Condition ?

Outdoor Wintering is the Safest for the Majority of Bee-Keepers

5 WINTEE IS COMING

Dovetailed Chaff Hive

This is one of the very best hives we sell ; and for win-
tering bees, or for the production of comb honey, we do not
know of anything better.

A good many suppose that double-walled hives are use-
ful only for winter; but in localities subject to cool nights
and a very hot burning sun during the middle of the day,
they are none too warm for comb honey. Some of the best
bee-keepers of the country are beginning to learn that such
a hive, having well-protected supers, produces not only
more, but a better-filled comb honey. Our dovetailed chaff
has 2 inches between the walls, and when packed with
chaff, sawdust, planer-shavings, or any loose material,
makes a very warm brood-nest. The water-table, or pic-
ture-framelike rim, covering the inner and outer walls, per-
mits the use of the same supers that are used in the single-
walled hives. When these supers are put on this hive and
then covered with its warm, telescopic cover, the bees are
in position to store comb honey as they can not do in su-
pers not so protected.

Dovetailed Winter Case

There are those who, having single-walled hives desire
something which, at a slight additional expense, will con-
vert their hives into double-walled abodes for bees during
the winter. Again, some others who winter in-doore wish
something cheap and serviceable in the way of a protection
to put over the hives after they are set out in the spring.
To supply such we are prepared to furnish an outside case
having the same cover and the same outside shell as go with
the chaff hive described here. These are set over the 8-
frame hive, and the opening at the bottom of the case (that
is, the space between the hive inside and the case) is
stopped up with the padded sticks. Packing material is
poured in the space, after which a cushion or tray is put on
top of the frames, and the cover set over the whole. This
arrangement as a whole has given the best of results.

These are large enough to go over 10-frame Dovetailed
and Simplicity hives, allowing only \ -inch space on each
side

See prices of both 8 and 10 frame sizes in bottom line
of table below.

K

H The A. I. Root Company,

Table of Prices of Dovetailed
Chafif Hives

Desig-
nating
Letter

•g.s

— *

EIGHT-FRAME

KD IN FLAT
PRICE IN LOTS OF

4J P

1°

1-2

TEN.FRAME

KD IN FLAT
PRICE IN LOTS OF

6iH

1

5

10

25

1

5 1 10 25

&"

1-story Chaff Hive, no super or upper story,
with tel. and super cover and chaff-tray.
Without foundation starters

YW5

YW6

YW52S 1
YW52P \
YW52M

YW64S )

YW64P)

YW64M

Z

YZ

3 25

3 45

4 00
4 15

4 40

4 55

75

1 50

2 70

2 80

3 20
3 35

3 50

3 65

60

1 20

12 25
12 .50

14 50

15 25

15 75

16 50
2 75

5 50

23 00
23 50

27 00

28 50

29 50

31 00

5 00

10 00

54 .50

55 75

63 75
67 .50

69 50

73 25
12 00

24 00

400
400

470
460

490

480
470

510

80

180

3 50

3 60

4 15
4 30

4 55

4 70

SO

1 60

2 80

2 90

3 35
3 50

3 65

3 SO

02

1 25

12 75' 24 10

13 00 24 60

15 25' 28 50

57 00

58 25

67 50
71 25

73 25

77 50
12 25
25 00

410

With foundation for 1-inch starters

i.<-story Chaff Hive for comb honey without
sections or foundation starters

For 414x4,^4x1',^ beeway sections

For 4^4x4^4x11 . plain sections

410

490
480

For4x5xl3s plain sections, in D. super ..
Same with sections and foundation starters

With 4'., x4'4\lT„' beeway sections

With 4 '4 vA'^ xV ., plain sections

With4x5xl'„ plain sections, in D. super. .

Winter-case body with padded sticks

Winter-ease with 7-inch cover complete

16 00

16 .50

17 25
3 S5
6 75

30 00

31 00

32 50
5 20

10 50

525

515
505

550

85

190

Complete prices and descriptions in general Catalog. Ask for it.

9 Percent Discount for October Cash Orders

MEDINA,
OHIO

rl Ghicaoo, ; 44 E.Erie St. PhiladelDhia, 10 Vine St. New yorl(, 44 Veseu St.

PtiiladelDhia, 10 Vine St.

K

y
y
y
y

I Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Published Vfeekly at 91.00 a ¥ear by Ceorge W^. York & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORQB W. YORK, Bdltor

CHICAGO, ILL, SEPTEMBER 28, 1905

VoL XLV— No, 39

/T

(Sbitortal Hotes ^ Comments

v=

=\

^

Why Do the Bees Get No Honey ?

An experienced bee-keeper wrote thus to a
honey-dealer :

■' Why did I not get a crop of honey? I don't
know; it was not too wet nor too dry; all I
know is that I don't know.''

The dealer sent the card to Dr. Miller, pre-
sumably for reply. Dr. Miller has forwarded
the card to this office without even the for-
mality of saying, " I don't know ;'' and from
the date of the card he must have held it a
sufficient time to do some wrestling over the
question.

Why is it that there are times when plenty
of bloom is in sight, rain falls seasonably,
and all conditions point to a big harvest, and
yet the harvest is lacking* This year, in
northern Illinois, white clover was abundant,
at least in parts; the bees did good work on
it up to the latter part of July, and then the
flow seemed to cease rather abruptly, although
clover continued to bloom as abundantly as
before, and the weather was all that could be
desired. Why was the nectar lacking?

If any one has the right answer to the ques-
tion, he will confer a favor by forwarding it
without delay to this office.

Black Bees Championed

According to D, M. M., in the British Bee
Journal, black bees excel in 17 specific points,
some of which are: They begin brood-rear-
ing earlier than foreign races, and keep it up
later; take more readily to supers, and stay
in them later; produce more heat than a like
number of other races; can breed early with
a smaller force of bees; store surplus with a
smaller force ; send more foragers abroad out
of every thousand bees.

D. M. M. is a prominent writer of good
reputation, and it would be interesting to
know whether others have come to the same
conclusions, or whether Scotch prejudice may
have something to do in the case. One state-
ment may at least be questioned :

" A large proportion of Canadian bees, as
well as those of a great part of the United

States, are blacks, or have black blood in their
veins, while many large apiarists even there
claim still that they are the best bees."

Can any one give the names of five large
apiarists in the United States who claim that
blacks are best? (.'an any one give the name
of one such?

National Convention Program

We have received the following from the
Secretary :

FBOOBA.M rOB THE NATIONAL CONVENTION.

The National Bee-Keepers' Association will
hold its annual convention at the Revere
House, corner of Clark and Michigan streets,
in Chicago, during the Fat Stock Show, when
exceedingly low rates may be secured on the
railroads. The dates for the meeting are Dec.
5, 6 and 7. Rates at the hotel are 7.5 cents for
a room alone, or 50 cents each, where two
occupy the same room. Meals are extra, or
they may be secured at near-by restaurants.
The program is as follows:

FIRST DAY— TuKSDAT.
Evening Session— 7:30 p.m.
Wax-Rendering Methods and their Faults —
O. L. Hershiser, Buffalo, N. Y.

Can the Tariff on Comb Honey be Tinkered
to the Advantage of the United States Bee-
Keeperl— Hildreth i\: Segelken, New York.

SECOND DAY— Wedkesdat.
Morning Session- 9:30 a.m.

How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep? — E. D.
Townsend, Remus, Mich.

Short Cuts in Bee-Keeping — M. A. Gill,
Longmont, Colo.

Question- Box.

Afternoon Session — 2:00 p.m.

The Control of Increase — L. Stachelhausen,
Converse, Tex.

Migratory Bee-Ki-f'ping — R. F. Holtermann,
Branttord, Canada.

Question-Box.

Evening .-^e-sion- 7:30 P.M.

Contagious Diseases Among Bees and How
to Distinguish Thera— Or. Wm. R. Howard,
Ft. Worth, Tex.

Experimental Apiculture — Dr.E. F. Phillips,
Washington, D. C.

THIRD DAY— Teursdat.
Morning Session— 9:30 a.m.

The Honey-Producers' League— Can it Help
Bee-Keepers?— R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

The Business End of Bee-Keeping— N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.

Question-Box.

Afternoon Session- 2:00 p.m.

In What Way Can Bee-Keepers Secure their
Supplies at Lower Pricesi — W. H. Putnam,
River Falls, Wis.

How the Producer and Dealer May Advance
their Mutual Interests— Fred W. Muth, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.

Question-Box.

Evening Session — 7:30 p.m.

What Have We to Hope for from the Non-
Swarming Hive!— L. A. Aspinwall, Jackson,
Mich.

Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper—
Emerson T. Abbott, St Joseph, Mo.

W. /. Hutchinson, Her.

It is none too early for bee-keepers to begin
to prepare now for attending the National
convention the first week in December.

Profits of Sugar-Feeding?

The following paragraph appears in the
American Bee-Keeper :

In reviewing the report of the last meeting
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, at-
tention was arrested by comments on the
feeding of sugar for producing honey. Some
earnest men in their efforts to show that the
possibilities were overdrawn compared with
the prices of sugar and of honey, saying that
with sugar at 6 cents and honey at 5 cents
obviously there could be no profit to induce
the practice. In their zeal they quite over-
looked the fact that the 6 cents' worth of
sugar makes :i pounds of feeding syrup and 2
pounds when stored and thickened. Sixty-six
percent gross profit is quite a temptation to a
good many men, andwbena 3-cent-per-pound
stored syrup can be sold for 15 cents, there is
temptation enough to warrant a lot of strong
preaching against the feeding of any syrup
for any purpose except prevention of absolute
starvation.

The fight against the feeding of sugar for
any purpose j ;cept prevention of absolute
starvation is .i commendable one. And if "a
3-centperp'juu(l stored syrup can be sold for
15 cents " i would there not in that case be -400
percent gross iirofit instead of 66?), there is
certainly warrant for strong preaching, and
perhaps som'-thing besides preaching, to dis-
courage auy ii:ch practice.

But is no', he picture of what can be don e

€76

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28 1905

■with a pound of sugar somewhat overdrawn?
Is it a " fact " lliat a pound of sugar makes 3
pounds of feeding eyrup and 2 pounds when
:5tored and thickened? It is onlyot late years
1.hat it is advised to use sugar and water equal
parts for feeding, and then only when the
teeding is done early. Does any one ever
-feed two parts water to one of sugar? For late
feeding, so that the syrup shall be something
Hike the consistency of honey. Root's "ABC
of Bee Culture" gives a gallon of water to 20
pounds of sugar. Counting 8 pounds to the
gallon of water, that would make 38 pounds
of syrup from 20 pounds of sugar. So instead
of a pound of sugar making 2 pounds of
stored syrup, as claimed, making an increase
of 100 percent, the increase would be only 40
percent— quite a different thing. But in
actual practice it would fall much below 40
percent. For in the act of storing, a goodly
portion is consumed by the bees for their own
sustenance, and a notable portion for making

the wax ; for of course only comb honey can
be under consideration at 1.5 cents a pound.
Indeed, the difference between the amount
fed and the amount of the finished product,
whether extracted honey be used to feed for
section honey, or whether sugar syrup be used
to fill combs for feeding, according to reports
made, seems to be greater than can well be
accounted for. Some of the feed seems to go,
without one's knowing where it goes.

This is not said with any intention to en-
courage or to excuse sugar-feeding, but rather
to show any one dishonestly inclined that
there is not in trying to make honey out of
sugar the bonanza he might suppose.

Ridding Hives of Ants

W. C. H. says this in the British Bee Jour-
nal:

" I tie a little greasy cloth around each leg
ot the hive-stand, and have no trouble with
ants."

r

K

irttscellaneous Hetps 3tcm5

=\

=/

Mr. Chas. Mondeng, of the Mondeng
Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn., dropped in to
see us last week. He is making a trip among
some of theleading bee-supply manufacturers.
He reports a fair business the past season.
Mr. Mondeng is an expert machinist and in-
ventor. He will be heard from later on.

Apiary ol' W. D. Ball. — When sending
the photograph of his apiary, Mr. Ball wrote
thus:

I enclose a photograph of my apiary of 1.3
■colonies, located in a central portion of a
busy city of 50,000 inhabitants. The shrub-
bery shown in front ot the hives is mostly
sweet pea vines, with a few tomato plants.
The hives face west, and the shrubbery hides
•the hives at the lower end.

The strong sun was too much for my eyes,
which accounts for the squinting look of my
face. W. D. Ball.

St. Joseph Co., Ind.

Apiary of S. G. Kilgore.— When for-
warding the pictures shown on the first page,
Mr. Kilgore had this to say ;

Editor Yokk:— I send somekodack views,
and as 1 am a novice in the photograph busi-
ness, they are nothing extra.

No. 1 is a partial view of my apiary of 40
colonies after I had taken off about half the
supers. I have been keeping bees about 15
years, and produce only comb honey. I try
to keep down increase to one prime swarm to
■each colony, as from to to 50 colonies is all I
am able to take care of, being a cripple with
rheumatism, and have poor health. This
liusiuess gives me plenty of fresh air and sun-
shine, and I delight to work with bees.

I sell only fancy and No. 1 comb honey, and
find a ready sale for all I have, at 17 and 18
cents per pound. I stamp my name, address
and telephone number on each section I sell.
I have never yet prodjc^.-d enough to supply
all my home trade. 1 sell from 13 to 50
pounds to each family for winter use, and let
them keep it in nice, clean shipping-cases.
When I call for an empty case I leave a full
one in its place.

No. 2 is some of my No. 1 honey, with my-
self at the left with a be. veil on. The honey
is in i)^rA)4 plain and bue-way sections. This
year's production will Lib?.") percent of a full
•crop.

No. 3 is one of my dovetailed hives with 5

supers on; also a Dibbern queen-trap. This
colony gave me over 100 pounds of No. 1
comb honey, and it has a remarkably thrifty
queen.

I requeen my apiary about every two years,
and buy all queens from a practical breeder.
I think it is cheaper to buy queens of a re-
liable breeder than to go to the trouble of
rearing them. I clip all queens, and my way
ot introducing them is as follows:

I place each new queen, when it arrives, on
top of the frames of the colony to which I
wish to introduce it. I leave it there for two
days, so the new queen will acquire the scent
of the colony. At the end of two days I open
the hive, when the old queen is generally
found clinging to the cage, for she will always
hunt up a rival queen to give battle, but the
old queen and bees can not harm the new
queen inside the cage. I remove the old
queen, and at the same time expose the plug
of candy in the cage, and then close the hive,
and the job is done. I never lose a queen by
this method, and it saves hunting all over the
hive to find the old queen.

According to your request, I had an article
of a column published in our county news-
paper, in regard to so-called manufactured
comb honey, and the offer of $1000 reward. If
every bee-keeper would enligbien the people
with an article in his county paper there
would soon be a big demand for honey, and
at good prices. 8. G. Kilgore.

Conrads' ImproTed Bee-Smoker.—

Wald. C. Conrads, of Comal Co., Tex., writes
as follows about his double-end lighting
smoker ;

I have noticed in the American Bee Journal
(pages Sri and tUrt) that other bee-keepers
also feel the need of a smoker that opens at
both ends. I send herewith a photograph of
my improved smoker. Here is wbat I claim
for it ;

It gives the advantage ot filling from either
end, and one can always light it from the
breech, while it can be refilled from the muz-
zle, which brings down the fire again to the
breech, so necessary to prevent the smoker
from throwing out sparks. After having re-
filled the smoker several times from the muz-
zle, ashes having accumulated, all that Is
necessary to do is to open the breech, which
will then allow the ashes to fall out, yet leav-
ing back enough fire to refill the smoker
again from the muzzle after having replaced
the breech.

All that is needed is a nozzle from a Cornell
smoker; remove the snout from the Vesuvius
smoker so that you may put on the Corneil

snout, and you have a smoker possessing the
features of both smokers combined in one.
Waldo C. Conrads.

Not Candidates for Re-election. —

We have received the following notices, with
the request that they be published in these
columns:

Please say in the American Bee Journal
that I am most positively not to be considered
as a candidate for re-election as Director.

C. C. Miller.

McHenry Co., 111., Sept. 16.

Editor York;— Won't you kindly say
through the columns of the American Bee
Journal that I am not a candidate for re-
election to the office ot Director of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association ? I most sin-
cerely thank the members of that organiza-
tion for the honor they have conferred upon
me in the past, and wishing them every suc-
cess and prosperity for the future, 1 doff my
hat and make my exit. J. M. Hambaugh.

San Diego Co., Calif., Sept. 13.

Both Dr. Miller and Mr. Hambaugh deserve
the gratitude of bee-keepers everywhere for
their many years ot faithful devotion to the
interests of bee-keeping, as directed through
the National Association. While their loss
as directors will be felt, still it is hardly fair
to impose on a few good men the work ot the
National Association when there are others
who need to be trained in the service. And
those others will never be trained unless they
are given the opportunity of gaining experi-
ence.

All honor to the loyal and true men who
have given so freely and unselfishly of their
time and wisdom for the progress and ad-
vancement of practical apiculture! And all
hail to the new and eager-to-do-and-to-dare
ones who are willing and able to grapple
with the duties and problems that confront
the industry of bee-keeping today !

" The Honey-Money Stories." — This
is a 64-page-and-cover booklet, SpX^'S/'s inches
in size, printed on enameled paper, entitled,
■'The Honey-Money Stories." The cover has
a picture of a section of comb honey, 3}.,'
inches square, the comb being in gold-bronze,
which gives it a very attractive appearance.
Then on the gold-bronze comb are printed
these wards: "From Honey to Health, and
from Health to Money."

It is edited by Earl M. Pratt, and contains
a variety of short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about honey
audits use. Tbe manufactured comb honey
misrepresentation is contradicted in two
items, each occupying a full page, but in dif-
ferent parte ot the booklet. It has in all 31
halftone illustrations, nearly all ot them being
ot apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also con-
tains 3 bee-songs, namely, " The Hum ot the
Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom," " Buckwheat
Cakes and Honey," and an entirely new one,
called, "The Bee-l'Ceeper's Lullaby." This
last song has not been published before. The
songs alone ought to be worth more than the
price of the whole thing.

It is a booklet that should by placed in the
hands ot everybody not familiar with the
food value of honey, for its main object is to
interest people in honey as a daily table arti-
cle. It is thought that it will be just the
thing to sell on railroad passenger trains, on
news stands, etc. The stories and items are
all so short and helpful, and the pictures so
beautiful, that it likely will be kept by any
one who is so fortunate as to get a copy ot it.
Its postpaid price is only 25 cents, but the
health-value ot its contents would run up into
dollars. We mail 5 copies for $1.00, or club
it with the American Bee Journal — both for
SI 10. It would be very nice for a gift to a
friend. Send us a six months' new subscrip-
tion for the American Bee Journal with 50
cents, and we will mail you a copy of " The
Honey-Money Stories '' free as a premium.

Sept. 28 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

679

-V (£otttributeb ^-
Special Ctrttcles

=\

- Work in the Apiary for October

BY C. r. DADANT

THE honey crop is now entirely over, and all supers on the
hives should be removed. Those combs that have been
run through the extractor and returned to the hivos for
cleaning and repair would best be taken off before the end of
the month. Cool mornings, when the bees have oon^^regated
in the brood-chamber, arc best for this end. In warm days
we would find those supers full of bees, and there would be
<|Uite a task to remove them. But it is better to delay the
removal until late in the month, as we avoid the possible
development of moth-eggs among the combs that are deprived
of bees during the remaining warm days of fall.

The weak colonies must be again examined. If they have
been helped during September with combs of brood and honey,
ihey will be found quite populous. But such colonies as have
not succeeded in getting a .sufficient surplus, or those that are
queenless or too weak in bees to go well through the winter,
should be united either with stronger colonies, or added to
one another.

It is sometimes possible to make one good colony out of
two or three poor ones; one of them furnishing combs of
honey, another bees, another a good queen. But there is
always more or less danger of their fighting when united, un-
less it is done late, and the bees smoked very thoroughly be-
fore putting them together. We have often united colonies
l)y bringing them slowly together, moving each hive a few
inches every day, so they may not lose their bearings, and
then uniting them some very cool morning by transferring
the combs loaded with bees from one hive to the other. It is
well to remove all combs but two or three, previous to this
uniting, so that the bees may all be gathered in a bunch, and
those combs may be removed in one handful and inserted in
the other hive.

We always aim to remove from their hives those colonies
that are queenless in preference to those that have a tiueen.
A few puffs of smoke, and perhaps a little spraying with
sweet-scented water, will help them to agree, if we are care-
ful not to overdo this. Drone-laying workers, if there are
any, are usually killed by the bees of the colony that has a
queen.

At this time also we remove all dry combs from the body
of the hives, and examine each colony to make sure of its win-
ter stores. Feeding may be done to supply those that are
short, but the very best way of supplying winter stores is by
securing heavy combs from fat colonies that have something
to spare, and inserting them in hives that are likely to be
short. Care must be taken to place those combs where they
will be easily accessible for the cluster. A comb heavy with
honey, which is placed behind two or three dry comljs and
away from the cluster, will be rather a detriment than a h(?lp,
as outside bees may find it and discover that it is notdefended.
As a rule, however, it is not advisable to feed and try to win-
ter a colony that is not strong enough to defend its door.

The entrance is, of course, reduced to suit the needs of
thecolOLy. Some apiarists seem to consider this a needless
precaution, because in a state of nature the bees have the
same entrance to their "gum "in hot weather as in cold
weather. But the bee-business is a business of details — we
can expect more from our bees under domestication than in
the natural state, simply because we aid them in small things,
and if we did not do more for them than Nature does, uuiny
colonies would be allowed to starve that would give us good
results the following year. Nature provides for all beings in
a general way, but she gives us foresight that we may provide
that in which she is lacking.

Sometimes, though rarely, hives are found which an' so
thoroughly filled with honey in the brood-chamber that there
is no room for the queen to lay or for the bees to cluster.
These hives will gain by the removal of some of their heaviest
combs, and the replacing of them by combs that are filled uuly
down to about a half to one-third of their depth with honey,
these combs to be inserted in the middle of the cluster.

Although the bees must have honey in easy reach, a colony
will not winter well on combs that are entirely filled. A col-

ony in an ideal position has about half of each comb dry (the
lower half), and the bees occupy this part. When you open a
hive in the latter part of October, and the bees come to the
entrance at once, but do not show at the tops of the combs,
you may be sure that they are in good shape for winter. Yet
there are populous colonies that cover every comb from top
to bottom, and have a plentiful supply of honey. Those are
in exceptional circumstanct^s. Hut a colony that does not
occupy at least five spaces between combs may usually be con-
sidered as in danger of suffering if the winter is severe. Such
colonies, if it is necessary to risk them, would better he win-
tered in the cellar. Nothing is done, however, towards win-
ter-packing or cellar-wintering before November, in this lati-
tude. Hancock Co , III.

Giant Bees of

India— Stingless Bees-
Moth

-Wax-

BY DK. E. F. PHILLIPS,

Acting in c/iar(je of Apiculturi\ Washington^ D. C.

I HAVE read with interest the article by Prof. A. J. Cook,
on page 631, on " Importation of Bees by Our Govern-
ment." I quite agree with Prof. Cook in most that he
says, but thtre are one or two things that I would like to
correct.

In the first place, the scientific name of the giant bee of
India is 3/egapis dorsata, and not Macroapis. The two words
mean the same thing, but it is necessary to use the correct
one. Since there is now considerable interest in this genus of
bees, due to the fact that the Bureau of Entomology is trying
to import them, I thought that you would be glad to have
your attention called to this error.

In the fourth paragraph of the same article the generic
name of our common bee is given as Aphis. This should, of
course, be Apis, and it is evi<lent]y but a misprint. Some of
your readers might wonder how a cross between stingless bees
and plant-lice would help them.

Stinoless Bees of Sodth America.

I may also be pardoned if I say that the Department of
Agriculture is not expecting to try to import the stingless
bees of South America. In a very delightful talk which I had
with Prof. Cook, I told him that there was a movement on
foot on the part of some private individuals to get these bees,
and evidently I did not make myself clear. I would be glad
to see these bees tried in this country, for we can not try too
many things for the good of apiculture, but I think I am safe
in saying that the Department of Agriculture will not be the
one to do this.

• The Department Apiary, concerning which Prof. Cook
writes so kindly, is always open for inspection, and it will be
a pleasure for any of the force to show any of the readers of
the American Bee .lournal what we have here.

The Lesseb Wax Moth.

It has come to my notice that the lesser wax-moth —
Achroia grisella — has been found in this country, and I am
anxious to learn how widely it is distributed. I will appre-
ciate it very much if any of the readers of the American Bee
Journal who have any specimens of this moth in their apiaries
will notify me of that fact, and send samples of either larva-
or adults. I will be glad to send on re(iuest a return frank to
any person wishing to mail any specimens to me, which will
make it unnecessary to pay postage. In order that this moth
may be distinguished from the common wax-moth — Galleria
meUonella — 1 will give a brief description :

The adult moths are little more than half the size of the
common moth, and with wings spread measure about % inch.
The fore wings are considerably darker than the hind, and a
very characteristic feature is the swiftness of movement of
the insects. The tunnels are similar to those of the common
moth, but smaller in diameter, and the cocoon, at the end in
which the pupa is found, is considerably smaller. Wherever
found in America they are due to importations, since this is a
European species.

Bee-keepers net-d not fe;n tliis moth any more than the
larger one, for it is well known that there is one sure preven-
tive for moths, and the rul of every bee-keeper, whether
troubled bv moths or not. should be, "Keep all colonies
strong." This will of course not keep the moths away from
stored combs.

There is an excellent illu^t! if ion of both bee-moths in the
" A li C of Bee Culture," page c4, but the name is misspelled
In the text. Washington, D. C.

680

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28, 1905

Cleaning Up Unfinished Sections, Etc.

BY EDWIN BEVINS

THAT colony of strenuous bees I wrote about early in the
season had corapletfd about 120 sections of honey at the

end of our short white honey-flow. At that time I re-
moved all supers from the hive except the one next the brood-
chamber. This had a few partly-filled sections in it. And
thereby hangs a tale, or tall. Take your choice. The tale
(or tail) is as follows :

When, a few days ago, I wanted some sections of sealed
honey to fill up the last case needed to iill up a crate for ship-
ment, I went to this super and thought I saw enough sealed
sections to fill the case. I put a Porter bee-escape under and
waited awhile for the bees to get out. When I went again the
bees were not out, but the honey was. The bees had found a
hole In one rear upper corner large enough for the passage of
one or two bees at a time, and they had traveled out and in,
and in and out, till they had put about all of the honey below.
My first thought was that 1 must be one of the fool bee-keep-
ers which Dr. Miller had occasion to mention not long ago.
But there had been no robbing of the super by bees that did
not belong to the hive.

I had in the honey-house a large number of supers filled
with unfinished sections In all stages of development. I filled
a super with the sections nearest completion, and put It on the
hive with nothing between It and the brood-frames. Then I
lilled the robbed-out super with sections less complete, and
put it on above the bee-escape, the passage to which was
closed. A solid piece of board would have been just as good.
Then the bees went on with their robbing. The work goes on
so quietly that the other bees in the yard are not attracted. I
get one, and sometimes two, supers cleaned out every 24
hours. I have added supers of sections below the escape till
now there are three. The brood chamber was, of course,
filled in the early stages of the work, and the honey must now
of nece^slty go into the supers.

Whether the sealing of the honey below the escape will
come up to expectations I can not at" present say, but as a
means of getting unfinished sections cleaned out for future
use, the experiment Is a howling success. This one colony has
cleaned out 12 or IS supers full already.

Now don't all jump at once. If you do, somebody will get
his foot in It. The situation with me was like this :

At the time when the early honey-tlow came to a prema-
ture end I had three supers on most of the hives run for comb
honey. Then I went to work and reduced the number to one
super on each hive. I left this one for the comfort of the
bees, and for them to fill with the fall flow. But I had a
large number of Incomplete sections on hand, which I knew I
could not get completed this season. They were very much
in the way. Attempts at robbing were frequent. I dared not
put them out when the weather was so warm, and the dearth
of honey in the Howers so great that the bees would not leave
the hives. Then a short time ago there was a sudden change.
The bees began to go freely to the fields, and gave but little
attention to things around home. This change has afforded
me an opportunity to dispose of my unfinished "sections In the
way Indicated.

The foregoing is a sample of what the comb-honey pro-
ducer Is frequently called upon to do. At the prices which
have prevailed for (luite a while the work necessary to make
a salable product has been done at a loss. I have long had a
suspicion that bee-keepers generally are barking up a tree
that has a very small-sized 'coon hidden in Its foliage. But,
notwithstanding the unremunerativeness of his pursuit, the
pursuit is not likely to be abandoned. Hee-keeping is a part
of the world's work, and somebodv will be doing it. Those
who are in f,an not lightly get out— and there wIM be recruits.
When one's thoughts get to roaring beeward, the work of his
hands will Inevitably take the direction of the bee, just as.
when the thoughts of Tennyson got to "roaring seaward'"
his footsteps took the direction of the sea.

There will, most likely, be some comb honey found in the
markets when most of us are dead : but many of us In the
meantime will not realize much more for the work of produc-
ing it beyond the sati-faction of contemplating the beauty
and perfection of the p roduct. I think that Mr. Heddon's
idea Is quite correct, that more persons have been beguiled
Into the pursuit than Is for the welfare of the pursuit. I
thought when writing ilie next above sentence that I would
underscore the word "beguiled," but will leave that for the
reader to do or not, as ^ nits him. Decatur Co., Iowa.

"^

Contention
Proceebings

j^

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Couveutlou, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

Why Not send in some new subscriptions for the Amer
ican Bee Journal ? Samples free for the asking.

{Coutiuaed from page 665.J
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.

Mr. Hutchinson — In all my experience with foul brood
I have never cut the combs out, as you speak of. I either
shake them on starters or full sheets of foundation, and
I never Iiad another case of foul brood come on. In other
words, I haven't found it necessary to make that second
shake.

Mr. Smith — That is according to the rules that are laid
down by Mr. McEvoy. My experience has been the same
as Mr. Hutchinson's.

Mr. Hutchinson — I wouldn't like to say it was never
necessary, but I say in my experience I have not found it
necessary.

' Mr. Smith — I have not found any to develop the second
time, unless it was taken from other infected colonies.

Mr. Kimmey — ^f rom your experience with infected brood,
is it your opinion that you would find after the first trans-
fer that that colony would be saved, whatever way it was
treated ?

Mr. Smith — Oh, yes, where it is done in the early part of
the season ; and it depends a good deal on the fall flow ; but a
great many of them have done well.

Mr. Kimmey — Would there be much loss in the first two
weeks ?

Mr. Smith — I believe you can gain by making the change
and putting them on full sheets of foundation because the
bees draw it out and you have a full sheet of workers and
the queen will fill those new combs. They are not clogged
with honey or pollen ; and I have had a great many swerm
within four weeks after being transferred.

Mr. Wheeler — I think there would be a great loss there
right along this line. You people ought to be pretty careful
when you go to work. We bee-keepers who are interested
financially, and have all our money in the business, do not
want to have the inspector come along that is careless in
regard to our financial welfare, as well as the bees. Now if it
is not absolutely necessary to allow those bees two weeks'
time before you cut out the combs, we don't want to have to do
it. In regard to this man asking if that colony is of any
value, it certainly is of value. 'The colonies in the spring
may show a little of that disease, and they want shaking
out and may gather hundreds of pounds of comb honey in
that season. And right there is where you people ought
to be a little careful. We ought to have scientific investiga-
tion; we ought to have some definite knowledge to go by.
and not be haphazard about it, and have a man come along
and say two or three days or two weeks, it doesn't matter.
We must understand what we are doing. It is a matter of
thousands of dollars of importance to us.

Mr. Smith — I said two weeks. I said that is as long a
period as I have known parties to let their bees remain and
change them. But about four days is what I itell them.
Leave those in till they have exhausted the honey, about
four days, and then change them back onto other frames or
foundation.

Mr. Wilcox — Wouldn't it be better to put them on empty
frames than foundation?

Mr. Smith — I do, as a rule, but a great many men have
.starters of foundation in their frames, and they don't want to
take the starters out.

Mr. Whitney — You said you found foul brood in this
region along the west part of the State, and along the In-
diana line. Do you conclude from that that foul brood is
prevalent along water courses, or in damp, low locations,
rather than dry?

Mr. Smith — I can't say as to that.

Mr. Whitney — It seems to me that it would be an index
if you found it in that locality and not in the dry ones.

Mr. Smith — I found some counties along the Illinois

Sept. 28, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

681

River from Peoria south until we get down to Pike county,
where I have not heard of any foul brood. When you get
down to Pike county there seems to be considerable of it.

Mr. Dadant — I think I have an answer to that ques-
tion, whether foul brood will be produced in damp places.
Colorado is about as dry a State as there is, and, I believe
there is more foul brood to the thousand colonies there than
there is in Illinois. California is ;i very dry State, and they
hav€ considerable foul brood. I think a great many colonies
has more to do with foul brood than temperature or moisture.
We find when things are congregated in large numbers there
is more chance of disease ; that cities have more disease than
farms. In the production of crops a small vineyard will
have very little of the black rot, but put them together and
it will • start somewhere and spread through the vineyard ;
and I believe you will find the same thing where large vine-
yards are, and where a number of bees are kept together.
I believe that is the main secret of all the diseases. I would
like to add with regard to foul brood, it is very difficult to
say some things positively in regard to the treatment, as I
believe there are different degrees of foul brood, as tliere
are different diseases of the throat. Some foul brood is
more malignant than others. Therefore you need more care,
in which case the inspector has to judge as to how much
care he should use. In regard to beeswax, I have never had
foul brood at home. We iiave bees in the apiary where we
have our comb foundation making. We get beeswax from all
parts of the Union and foreign countries ; our bees have
access to the beeswax before it is melted. We find it diffi-
cult when we take in materials to have very close-fitting
doors, so they are opened most of the time in the summer,
and we have the bees in there a good part of the time ; we
have never had any foul brood from it. Therefore I con-
clude it is impossible for beeswax to give foul brood, and
the reason is this : When beeswax is melted it soaks into
whatever it touches. If you dip your finger in hot beeswax
you find it very difficult to work it out, although the mois-
ture in the body would be apt to throw it out. Take one of
those foul-brood germs and soak it in beeswax, and you
deaden it and render it absolutely harmiess, and it surely
could not reproduce itself.

Mr. Reynolds — Mr. Smith states that a swarm hived on
foundation with a young queen is not as likely to have foul
brood as the swarm shaken from a colony would be. Would
it not answer the purpose, instead of keeping those bees so
long on foundation, to catch the queen and prevent her from
laving, as Mr. Smith says, and close the entrance for four
days and they would consume the honey, no matter what the
honey-flow would be?

Mr. Smith — That would be a very good idea, I think, to
catch the old queen to keep her from laying. It takes a
brood or an egg to develop, I think it is nine days until it
comes into a fully-developed pupa — as we call it when it
fills the cell ready to cap ; that is the time that foul brood
attacks the larva ; and after the bees cap it, then it goes into
the nymph state. I have never yet found any bees in that stage
of growth or development that were affected with foul brood.
It seems that the tissue of it gets so tough that the spores
do not enter it.

Mr. Moore — One gentleman has raised the question as
to the great damage that is likely to be done to a bee-
keeper by the inspector. I want to ask these people who
have had experience in this matter, what is the probable
profit from a colony of bees that has foul brood during the
season, supposing they are run for honey? Never mind tlie.
question of getting rid of the disease, but what profit will
you have from those diseased colonies through the season?
And what is the damage to the honey crop by the legitimate
treatment ?

Mr. Root — If I might answer that question, from my own
experience I would say, generally speaking, there would be no
profit. If the colonv could hold its own, if I allowed the
disease to run and didn't do anything with it, it would be
not a case of profit, but a case of profit and loss, with par-
ticular emphasis on the word "loss," with the chance of in-
fecting the other colonies.

Mr. Reynolds — Some inspectors might be a little n. 'ic
partial with .some than others. There is a point there to
look at.

Mr. Snell — I would like to ask Mr. Smith if he has
found any foul brood in the northwestern part of the State?

Mr. Smith — Yes, sir ; in Whiteside county there is a
good deal of it.

Mr. Wilcox — I want to get this clear to my own mind.
I have never found foul brood in my apiary, and I hoii- I

never will. I understand from all I have read of it that the
disease is transmitted only through honey. Is that correct?

Mr. Dadant — I believe that is a mistake. Cheshire de-
scribed foul brood as Bacillus alvei, and he found it even in
the body of the queens. Now, of course, I couldn't answer for
what Cheshire said, but he is one of the best authors on
bee-culture. Cheshire was a scientific man, but he was not
practical ; he was not a man who produced honey. He found
germs of foul brood in all parts of the hive. In cases v/here
you cure it so readily I don't believe you have the true,
dangerous foul brood. Therefore I think we should be very
particular. I don't think we can go any too far. Where you
cure it by simply transferrmg the bees, that is well. I don't
think you should expect to do it in every instance. I be-
lieve there are dangerous cases where you will have to
transfer the bees and destroy the combs, over and over again.
I don't believe you should stand to the statement that foul
brood is only in honey.

Mr. Root — Prof. Harrison gave a paper on that in the
Canadian report in which he stated he had found the Bacillus
alvai in the ovaries of the queen, as Cheshire has said. But
I wish to say, in opposition to that, I have personally intro-
duced queens from the worst colonies we have had, into
healthy ones, time and time again, and never saw the disease
carried ii: that way. I don't mean to say it cannot be done,
though. But the experience so far as I know over the country
has been to the effect that queens may be taken out of these
diseased colonies and put into others, and the disease was
not trauFmitted. Why that is so I don't know, but that is
the practical result of it.

Mr. Dadant— Perhaps in this matter the scientific men
are deceived by some circumstances. Now, where a man
dissects a queen he evidently has to kill her, and those germs
of Bacillus alvei are very difficult to produce. It may be a
colony partly infected. When he examined the queen the
germs have developed since the death of the queen, or in such
a way that if the queen had been alive and well she would
not have had any germs. At the same time, we must be
very cautious and not assert. In this disease it is better to
be over-cautious than insufficiently cautious. Therefore. I be-
lieve we should be very careful. In regard to boiling, I
believe it is a mistake to say it will take three hours of
boiling to destroy the germs. At the same time there are
men who have found germs after three hours of bo'.img,
It may be they got those germs in a short time after the
boiling, before they made the examination, and I am in-
clined to believe that, because I think anything that is boiled
in the matter of life will die. But in such a dangerous
disease we must be very careful in asserting the danger does
not exist under such and such circumstances. We mav <:^v
it is not probable. As Mr. Root says he has not found it,
therefore I would be inclined to think he is right, but at tiic
same time we must be very careful not to assert the disease
does not exist in all parts of the hive.

Dr. Miller— Calling attention to a point that might be
misunderstood in what Mr. Dadant has said, the fact that
the germs of foul brood may be found in the body of the
queen, does it necessarily follow that the disease will be
conveyed by that? It may be there without being conveyed.
But going back to the point before: Will foul brood be
carried in any other way than by the honey of the hive?
If the germs be carried from a diseased colony, no matter
what from, the disease may be conveyed to another hive.
■The germs are in the brood. Isn't it possible that that
might be carried, sometimes, ar- well as the honey? I sup-
pose it is true that the honey is the principal medium, and
the usual medium, through which the disease is conveyed,
but surely it is not the only medium. If the diseased part
itself of the brood be in any way carried from one colony
to another, that would surely carry the disease.

Mr. Wheeler — That is a good point the Doctor makes,
and one that is very important The be >s are continually
taking out that dead brood. I believe vhen the disease
first starts they keep it all clean. I bel'eve the hive for
months is perfectly free of any signs ot foul brood, and
yet they have it and we don't know it. They keep carry-
ing out every bit of foul mat'., r and finally they have to give
up in despair. All this time ibit foul brood has been carried
on the bottom-board and :uiri a while some of it is left.
Now, the ouestion is. Is tlu- t"nl matter that is carried out
infectious? That is somethiti'.; worth inquiring into. The
question is whether we had 1m fter fumigate our hives and
burn them out or not. Some say yes, and some say no.
It is an important question.

(Continued next we ;k.)

682

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28, 190S

The

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

When Honey Had the Field.

The days that never will come back — and
we don't want 'em to come back. But some-
how we lick our lips at them still— the days
when there was no su^ar. and honey had the
whole field to itself. Page .506.

Experiments as to Odors and Bees.

L. Forestier's verification c f previous ex-
periments as applied to bees is of interest. If
not quite positive evidence that recognition
is by smell, it weighs in that direction very
decidedly. A bee wet in dilute alcohol and
allowed to enter home at once is stopped by
guards. Kept till the scent of alcohol is com-
pletely evaporated, it is recognized as a fellow
citizen again. As one bee might die of lone-
liness and worry, take a dozen it you wish to
repeat this. Page 56".

Tests for Paraffin in Beeswax.

So strong, hot lye eats up beeswax and
makes a soap of it; but paraffin resists and
remainsparaffin still. I suppose a good-sized
piece of the suspected foundation should be
put in— kept hot for awhile — well stirred —
then cooled. Then if anything solid or semi-
solid appears, warm water will tell whether
it is soap or paraffin. Manifestly this will
not detect the taliow or rosin sometimes used
by noQ-manufacturing rogues. If foundation
was three-quarters beeswax and one-quarler
paraffin, I wonder how a slip of It would look
if bathed for awhile in lye at 135 degrees.
Should expect it to look different from a slip
of pure foundation. Page 568.

The French Wax-Kettle Method.

The French kettle, on page 583, may very
likely be a good one; but when they back it
to extract entirely all the wax from old combs
they are asking us to believe ralhertoo much.
The essential operation, after all, differs but
little, I should say, from that of other kettles.
And possibly also the contents of a wax-ket-
tle might be stirred properly in some more
simple way than putting in the machinery of
a flying machine to do it. The salt-water
idea ie probably very good. .lust the salt, in
and of itself, I don't know whether it would
help or hinder the separation of wax. But it
raises the boiling point of the fluid from 313
degrees to 330, and that is likely to be a
decided advantage. But (there it is again 1)

those who scold gently about it injuring wax
to boil at 212 degrees will howl at 230.

Finger-Nail Test forTallow in Beeswax.

The finger-nail test for tallow in beeswax
seems to be an excellent one. We never have
to puzzle over the question what we did with
our finger-nails when we used 'em last.
Always on hand — in both senses of the term.
The elasticity of the nail, and the stubborn-
ness of pure wax combine to give a rippled
appearance to the furrow we plow with a
finger-nail. A smooth, unrippled furrow re-
sults when we plow in tallowed wax. Page .584.

Decline and Rise of Bee-Pasturage.

As to the decline of bee-pasturage, I think
there is a slow movement of the flora to meet
the bees half way. Once got along entirely
without the honey-bee, now (in blind, groping
way) recognizing the benefit of bee-visits, and
preparing to pay for them. If the more de-
sirable mints, and lupines, and veronicas are
gradually exterminated, and the asters mean-
time gradually learn to yield honey, the net
result may be in our favor. Page 587.

Good and Poor Bee-Countries.

Good bee-country, eh f And $50 of loss at
one lick from melting in shadded hives.
Thermometer 115 degrees — happy are they in
poor bee-countries ! Page 588.

Difficulties in Definite Descriptions of
Bee-Raceb.

Dr. Bohrer seems to be making a reasonable
demand about new races of bees — that they
be described in definite terms as to general
appearance. I suppose the main trouble is
that the definite description of one colony
fails to fit another colony whose claim to
purity is just as good as the first. Worse than
that, might you not describe a Caucasian col-
ony definitely, and then somebody hunt up a
pure Carniolan colony to fit the description
quite well? Page 5SS.

Honey from Basswood Leaves.

The question about honey from basswood
leaves brought out a decided negative. Only
about 5 of the 29 experts ever saw bees work
on basswood leaves at all; and none ever saw
them get much at it. Page 598.

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, lU.

from one colony and given to another at any
time of year, and there will be no fighting.
If one weak colony is united with another,
unless special precautions are taken, there
will be fighting and slaughter. The fighting
in the latter case will be all the worse it the
uniting is done late.

With these principles in mind, the few
cases of uniting that were needed among our
bees were undertaken early, and they were
made on the instalment plan. To-day, as it
might be, a queenless colony, instead of being
united as a whole with another colony, is
parceled around among two or several colo-
nies, a single frame with its bees being given
to a weak colony, and two or more to one
stronger. To-morrow another queenless col-
ony will be broken up, distributed in the same
manner, and as the weak colonies with good
queens are thus becoming stronger each day,
and thus competent to take care of larger
accessions, only a few days are needed thus to
distribute all the faulty colonies, and without
the danger of any fighting.

Uniting Weak and Queenless Colo- i
nies

However the sentiment ot the sisters might
incline them to the nursing along ot a weak
and queenless colony in the spring, when it
might be better economy m break it up, there
can be little question alioui such things in the
fall. Yet one doem't learn in a year, nor in
several years, to steel onr ■ heart ruthlessly
to break up the family uts ot a colony that
has been tenderly watched over, thus making
just one less the nuiuhrr t)f colonies in one's
apiary. But if one wmiid be a successful
bee-keeper, the lesson mu,--t be learned, first
or last, that it is not the number of hives with
bees in that counts, so much as the number
of bees that are in the hi\i;t

Facilities for building' ; p and strengthen-
ing are not the same in the fall as in spring.
Brood does not abound in September or Octo-

.ber as it does in May or June. In early sum
merit is an easy thing to find in populous
colonies frames of well-matured brood which
will produce 5000 bees or more. Two or three
such frames of brood properly taken care of
will of themselves make quite a little colony.
But if you have never given the matter much
attention, you will be surprised to find how
scarce such frames of brood are at this time
of the year. A search through a hundred
colonies may not reveal one, whereas in the
early part of the season more than one could
have been found iu every hive. So if you
have a queenless weakling at this time of the
year, throw sentiment to the winds, steel your
heart against all tender emotions, and reso-
lutely increase thechancesof a larger number
of bees next spring by lessening the number
of tenanted hives now.

A frame ot brood, or even a frame of
honey, with its adhering bees, may be taken

Sweet, "Hlvey" Mary

Mary had a swarm ot bees.
And they, to save their lives.

Must go wherever Mary went —
'Cause Mary had the hives.

— Selected,

The above bright stanza was sent in by Miss
Sadie A. Butts, a city bee-keeper in Cook Co. ,
111., who has been very successful with her
little back-yard apiary.

A City Offlee-Roof Apiary

Miss Emma V. Haggerty, who will be re-
membered as the lady who was so successful
in passing the examination for the position
ot care-taker of the bees of the city ot New
York, but tailed for lack ot a political pull to
get the place, might do good service just now
in that city, in a case mentioned as follows in
a daily newspaper:

Bee-Farm in Heart op Business District.

'• It one were asked what is the thing he
would be least likely to find in the heart of
the business center of New York and replied
that it would be a bee-farm, he would con-
sider himself absolutely safe. But on the
roof ot an office building in Vesey street there
was discovered to-day a full-fledged apiary.
Not only are many thousands ot bees con-
tentedly swarming in their unusual surround-
ings, but they are storing away many pounds
of honey stolen from several candy factories
in the vicinity. The bees' happiness, how-
ever, may be shortlived. Complaint has been
made of them as a public nuisance by the
proprietor of one ot the candy factories."

Miss Haggerty would no doubt suggest that
it would be a simple thing to screen out the
bees. Indeed, were no bees within a thou-
sand miles, the screens would be needed to
keep out the flies, for New York is by no
means a tlyless city. Consumers of candy
would no doubt prefer to eat confections that
had been visited by the cleanly bees to using
that which had been swarmed over by the
filthy tiles.

It the candy-makers have a grievance
against the bee-keepers, the bee-keepers have
equally a grievance against the candy-makers
for exposing their sweets, especially if as
poisonous as some candies are said to be.

Comb Honey Xot Machine-3Iade. —

We have a fair supply of the typewritten
letter on this subject, which appeared in the
Chicago Daily News ot June 21, lil05. It is
just the thing to have published in every bee-
keeper's local newspaper. We mail it for a
2-cent stamp. Better order several copies,
and request as many newspaper editors to
publish it. It will certainly be a good thing
for both the reading public and the bee-
keepers.

Sept, 28, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

683

/T

Doctor IHiUcr's ^ucstton^Sox

^

*^

Send Questions either to the office of the Amerieaa Bee Journal,
or to Dr. G. C. Millbr, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does iu>t answer Questions by mail.

J

Cleaning Out Partly-Pilled Sections
—Hive-Covers In Winter

I have a number of sections with a little
honey in them that I want to use next year
for bait sections. I can not very well follow
your plan without my neighbors' bees getting
most of the honey. Can 1 put the sections
over the frames and let the bees clean them
out, without danger of starting robbing?

3. Do you leave the hive-covers on when
wintering in the cellar, or use canvas or some-
thing of that nature? Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. Yes, not a bit of danger
from robbing unless some crack is left so the
bees can get into the supers from the outside.
The only trouble is that it is hard to get the
bees to make a clean job of it. Sometimes,
especially if they have plenty of stores in the
brood-chamber, they seem lo think the honey
couldn't be in any better place than in the
sections, and utterly refuse to move it. Ex-
changing full frames in the brood-chamber
for empty ones may make them change their
minds. Some say they succeed by having a
burlap or other cover over the brood- frames,
with one corner turned back so the bees have
only a small passage; but that has not suc-
ceeded very well with me. In any case it will
be well for you to allow the bees a chance at
the sections off the hives, after they are
mainly emptied.

'2. They are carried into the cellar, covers
and all, just as they were on the summer
stands.

Weight of Colony for Wintering

1. What should a 10-frame colony of bees
weigh, ready for wintering?

3. If it has full frames of honey should they
be placed in the center of the hive? The
frames in the center are only partly full of
honey. New York.

Answers. — That depends. The kind of
hive makes a difference, some being heavier
than others; covers and bottoms also differ-
ing. Find out as nearly as you can what a
hive filled with empty combs weighs. Then
try to have each hive with its bees and other
contents weigh 40 pounds more than the
empty hive and combs. Understand that
doesn't mean that there will be 40 pounds of
stores present, for the weight of the bees and
pollen is counted in. For cellaring, 5 or 10
pounds less will do; but you're more likely
to do harm by too little than by too much,

3. The bees know better than you how to
arrange their stores, and you can safely leave
that matter in their hands, your part being
to make sure that they have not only plenty
of stores, but abundant stores.

Is It Pool Brood?

What is the matter with my bees? Soon
after the white honey-Ilow the young brood
began to turn a light brown and to die. They
went in all stages of the brood until they
were capped over. A few died after being
capped, and would have a sunken appearance,
but no greasy appearance around the small
hole. Some of the brood would turn up
Chinaman-shoe fashion, but would never stick
to the walls of the cell. Nor could I get it to
be ropy by sticiiing a pin or toothpick in it.

Our honey harvest has been a failure. So
after I saw the brood in the fix it was, I be-
gan to feed, then the young larv:v did not die ,
till I could see the eyes; then the bees would
build out over It as though they were going
to start queen-cells. They would build the

cell about ', of an inch and leave it open. I
ent a sample to the State bee-inspector, who
pronounced it foul brood, but it will not cure
by the Baldridge plan nor by the MoEvoy
plan, as I took one of my worst colonies,
shook it out on starters, left it for 48 hours,
then shook it on full sheets of foundation,
and as soon as the brood got so I could see
the eyes it turned brown and died.

I tried one colony with the Baldridge plan,
then after it began to rear brood I shook
it out on full sheets of foundation. After
I began to feed the trouble decreased consid-
erably. Whatever it is, it is general all over
this locality.

How would it do to extract all the honey
and teed sugar syrup with naphthol beta in it?

Illinois.

Answer.— I should have more faith in the
inspector's judgment than my own, for he
has seen hundreds of cases to my one, and is
familiar with the disease; but it might be no
harm to send a sample to N. E. France, Platte-
ville. Wis. , General Manager of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, if you are a mem-
ber of that organization, and if you are not,
send him a dollar to make you a member.

The symptoms of the disease may not always
be exactly alike, and neither is it proof that
foul brood is not present because the usual
treatment has not proved successful. If the
trouble is general all over your locality, there
is a chance for a colony to get the disease
afresh, even during treatment.

It might not be a bad thing to try the syrup
with naphthol beta, but in any case the dis-
ease will be at a stand-still through the win-
ter, and it might be about as well to wail till
next year and then vigorously apply the Mc-
Evoy treatment. Even if the disease is not
foul brood, that same treatment is all right
for those diseases that somewhat resemble
foul brood.

aueenless Colony and Drone-Killing

Will a colony of bees kill the drones in the
fall if they are queenless? Maine.

Answer.— I think not.

Building for Wintering Bees-
Peed for Winter

Bee-

1. I think of building a place to winter
my bees in the coming winter, and would like
to have your upiiiion on my idea. As I am
going to put it along the side of my honey-
house, I will have to make it high enough to
accommodate two tiers of hives. After put-
ting the first tier on the bottom, I will put a
super on each hive filled with chaff. The
next tier will set on top of these supers, and
will also be supplied with supers filled with
chaff. Over all of this I will put chaff, also
behind and in front, but will arrange some
way to keep the rhaff from blocking the en-
trance and preventing the bees from (lying.
Do you think, if each 8-frame hive weighs 45
pounds, that this method will be successful?

2. I made a nucleus this summer. It is in
a shallow exlrn liug super (S-frame). If this
is full of honey should it winter all right, or
would it be belter to put on another story and
feed it full of si'rup? The nucleus seems very
strong and coniijletely fills the shallow hive.

3. I made soiiic syrup for feeding by mixing
sugar wiih col.l water, equal parts by meas-
ure. Will this hi; all right? Ontario.

Answers. I Something depends upon
the weight of tlie hives, bottom-boards, etc.
If of the sami' weight as mine, .50 pounds
would be safer.

3. If the sliiillow frames are of the usual

depth, something like 6 inches, and the combs
are solid with honey, there ought to be no
need of further feeding. But with combs
solid with honey there should be plenty of
room for the bees to cluster below the bottom-
bars. This you can give by putting under
the hive a frame perhaps 3 Inches deep.

'A. That's all right for early feeding, so that
the bees have plenty of time to evaporate and
ripen it. But the later it grows the heavier
the syrup should be; and when fed so late
that bees are not expected to evaporate it,
there should be about 5 pounds of sugar to
each quart of water.

Keeping Drawn Sections Over— Hiv-
ing Swarms on Pull Drawn
Combs or on Poundatlon

1. Is it possible to keep the combs built in
sections this year ani not filled so that they
will be as good as new for use next year? If
so, how? I have trouble about their turning
a straw color.

3. Is it best to hive a swarm on full-drawn
empty combs, or would you cut them out and
put in foundation or starters when running
for comb honey? I have used the full combs
the past two years, and the result has been
that in many cases the bees filled up the
brood-nest pretty soon, and then swarmed
again. Ohio.

Answers. — 1. I've studied over your ques-
tion quite a little, and am not entirely sure
whether you mean the sections turn a straw
color while on the hive or after you take them
off. If while on the hive, then it is probably
because the bees varnish them with propolis,
which they do increasingly as the season ad-
vances, and the less honey they are storing
the more propolis they seem to put on the
sections. The remedy is to take off sections
when the bees are storing nothing; even if
you put them on for a later (low, and espe-
cially not to keep sections on after the last
flow is over. If you mean that the combs
turn straw color after you take them off the
hive, then I don't know what the trouble is.
I never knew change in the color of founda-
tion or comb in sections, unless it were a
slight bleaching out to a lightercolor. All I
do with mine is to keep them in a dry place,
and I have no trouble.

Possibly 1 haven't understood your ques-
tion aright, and if not I'll beglad to try again.

2. I think I should generally prefer the
drawn combs, but I doubt about it in the case
you mention. If it leads to swarming again
in a short time, or even in a rather long time,
and if such swarming does not lake place
with foundation, then I should prefer the
foundation. Before swinging clear over,
however, it may be worth while for you to do
some experimenting. Under conditions as
nearly alike as you can make them, try a
number of colonies with full combs, a like
number with foundation only, and to another
like number give hives half filled with foun-
dation, and tilled up 10 days or so later with
full-drawn enrabs. By this last is m6*nt that
a 10-frame hive would receive .5 frames of
foundational the time of hiving swarm, and
10 days or so later .5 frames of combs. Then
you can see which lot works best.

Comb Honey Guarantee Circulars.

— These were gotten up by The Honey-Pro-
ducers' League, to be put into shipping-cases
before nailing them up for market. They are
mailed for only 10 cents for 50 — practically
cost price. Every bee-keeper who has any
honey lo sell by the case should use these
circulars. They will help to inspire confi-
dence in the genuineness of comb honey.
Send all .r lers to this office.

Maeterlinck's "Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, SI 411; or with the American Bee Jour-
nal one vLir — both for $2,00, as long as the
books lafi. It is a cloth-bound book, and has
437 pages.

684

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28. 190S

2?cports anb
(Experiences

Early Honey-Flow Good

About fi weeks ago I got an Italian queen,
introduced her according to directione, and
now I notice about one-lialf tiie colony is as
fine a colored lot of bees as I have ever seen.

In June we had a couple weeks of good
boney-flow, but since that time there hasn't
been any honey coming in— not enough for
wintering. The light colonies will have to be
fed for winter. W. H. Ellis.

Calhoun Co., Iowa, Sept. IS.

Colony Killing Off Bees

A year ago I lost S colonies out of 10, and
last winter I lost 4 colonies out of 6. I was
so discouraged I wanted to give up. I have 3
now, but something is wrong with one of
them. It is a strong colony, but the bees are
killing about a quart of bees a day. As soon
as they are dead they turn black. What can
be the cause of this? Are they robbers, or is
It some disease? I closed the entrance to
about 2 inches, and they are working now

A swarm that issued .June IS has filled a
10xl4-inch frame hive and 63 sections. How
is that for a wet summer? A. A. Whitton

Lycoming Co., Pa., Aug. 31.

[It may be robbers, or it may be that a weak
swarm has entered and the bees of the colony
are killing the intruders.

The work of that swarm of June 18 is not
bad for any summer. — Editor.]

Season Hard on Bee-Keepers

This has been the most injurious season to
bee-keeping that I can remember. Beginning
with a cold, rainy spring, and heavy rains
continuing in June, July and August, with
but few intervals, it was difficult for the bees
to gather much surplus honey.

Last year at this time I had extracted 10,500
pounds, and now up to this date I have ex-
tracted only 3300 pounds.

Often the bees were compelled to eat in-
stead of gathering hoaey, and in many in-
stances, especially with nuclei, I was com-
pelleo to feed with comb honey from extra-
strong colonies, and extracted honey in Doo-
little feeders.

The last 10 days have been clear, with the
exception of one shower, and the bees are be-
ginning to store surplus honey. Two-pound
sections put on June 15 are just being filled.
Out none are capped over. A neighbor was
anxious in regard to his bees, as he found
some of the larvtf dying, and on examination
1 tound It the result of starvation. He im-
mediately resorted to feeding, and averted
any further loss. o. M Blanton.

Washington Co., Miss., Sept. 5.

Honey Crop In Southern California

I saw the statement recently (in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal I think, made by those who
make it a business to know) that the honey
crop of Southern California this year would
be only about,',. In this section that esti-
mate will hold good, not becau.^^e we did not
have the honey, but because we did not have
the bees to gather it.

Last year's drouth was the most disastrous
to bees of any season for i any years. Last
spring It was my business to see every resi-
dent in a territory that would average 20
miles square, in which there were many bee-
keepers. I found only 2 bte-keepers whose
losses were as low as ao percent. If I remem-
ber correctly the next lowest was about 40
percent. Most of the losses were around
.5 percent, and some 90 and 05 percent,
ihose bee-keepers having less than 10 or 12
colonies and who allowed their bees to provide

for themselves, J did not count where all were
lost.

Like a good many others, I did not begin to
feed soon enough, but another time under
like circumstances I think 1 could feed more
effectively, although I saved 19 out of about
70 colonies, all healthy, but not strong.

Our season opened about 6 weeks late, and
while I tried to get a few days at home each
week to look after the bees, when I did all I
could to control swarming, I lost 15 or 16 of
the first swarms, which, at that stage, was a
serious loss.

The bees did not get strong enough to do
effective storing until the black sage — from
which we get our nicest and best honey — was
well past its best. About June!, however,
they were over their swarming-fever. and I
began to have bushels of bees. The way they
scooped in the honey would make a man's
eyes stick out. I could not always keep ahead
of them in filling frames with ioundation.
This kept up until about the last of July on
white sage, wild buckwheat, sumac, and
towards the last tar- weed. This last does not
make very nice honey, but it feeds the bees.

I have now 100 colonies, all in fine condi-
tion (except one through an accident). I
think they have plenty of honey to carry
them through until next year. Some of the
later colonies I may have to even up a little,
but there is plenty of honey elsewhere to do
it. Besides, I have put away over 200 good,
fat frames of honey to use wherever they will
do me the most good. If there is any honey
in the fields next year I hope to have the bees
to gather it.

The bees are still gathering a little honey
from the very last of wild buckwheat, a spe-
cies of goldenrod and sugar-gum. I wish I
had thousands of these trees where I have one
now. I think they must equal your basswood,
not in quality, perhaps, but in quantity. The
bees keep up a perfect roar on them, and if
they are close to the house you would have to
be a most uncommonly sound sleeper if their
noise did not arouse you before it was fairly
light. Near the trees the air is filled with the
odor from the blossoms, and the white blos-
soms are fairly black with bees, and the
bloom keeping up for weeks.

Three years ago this fall the greater part of
the pasture upon which I depend (several
square miles 75 percent black sage, 20 per-
cent white sage and sumac) was burned off
as bare as a street, since when we have had
only one really good growing year, so that the
black sage, a naturally slow grower, has been
more than usually slow. I have just discov-
ered, however, that if given favorable condi-
tions it grows quite rapidly. Black sage must
be several years old before it blooms much.
An abundance of rain next winter would give
me considerable pasture in this burned dis-
trict. A. J. Burns.

San Diego Co., Calif,, Sept. 1.

Poop Season for Honey

This has been a very poor season for honey
in this locality. The prospects were good in
early spring, but the drouth during June
killed the white cloverandcut the crop short.
We have but very little basswood in this lo-
cality, consequently the crop does not amount
to much from that source. We have had so
much rain since the drouth was broken that
we will get very little, if any, fall honey. We
can only hope for a better crop next season.
H. M, Garner.

Miller Co., Mo., Sept. 2.

Two Good Seasons— Briar-Beppy

We have had two very good honey-years. I
had .52 colonies last year and secured 2600
pounds of honey, and this year with the same
number of colonies I secured 1700 pounds.

We have had some trouble here with the
bees sucking briar-berries. They come into
bloom just as the gall berry bloom gives out,
and the bees put the briar-berry juice around
the edges of the white honey, which makes
the sections look as though they were in
mourning — the black juice around the white
honey.

Last year was the best honey season we
have ever had in this country. One trouble

with us is that we have too much rain in the
honey season. S. B. Singletart.

Thomas Co., Ga., Sept. 4.

White Clovep a Failure

The white clover honey was a complete
failure in this locality, and I think in Mis-
souri—lots- of bloom but no nectar. Buck-
wheat and Spanish-needle are in bloom, but
it rains almost daily, so we will get no fall
crop. My customers are after me for honey.
A. E. Patten.

Lawrence Co., Mo., Sept. 15.

i2l"e honey- jars

The No. i5 Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Met3l
Screw Cap, absolutely tip ot, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

I gross lots $4 SO per gross

S " " 4.(J0

Also in strong RE-SHPPINQ CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrngated partitions, sides,
top and bottom— a perfect prttection-

1 case lots $1,00 per case

5 " 95 "

10 " -90 "

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz gSc

10 " " " 80c

20 " " " 7Sc

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Bees,Q,ueens and Nuclei

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All queens
reared in full colonies.

One untested queen $.65

One tested queen oo

One select tested queen,. 1.10

One breeding queen 1.65

One comb nucleus (no

queen) i.GO

All grades ready to send
by return mail.

Safe arri\al guaranteed.
For prices on quantities and
description of each grade of
Queens, send for free price-list, 100 or 200 lbs,
of Brood Foundation, Send for sample and
prices. J» l^* S'l'R^H^W.

304 East Logan Street. CLARINOA, IOWA.
14Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Caab.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bbll Branch. Waynb Co., Mich
Mention Bee .Joiirual n-hen writing^.

En§ravin$s For Sale

We are accumulating quite a stock of engrav-
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using in our columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one wonld like to
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILI»

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Sept. 28. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

685

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the
followiD^ prices :

J.<-ib. Jars with corks — 1 case of 31 doz. for
<5.50; 3 oases, $1d.50.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
15.35; 3 cases for $15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 13 doz., for f5;
:i cases for $14.

Ha^nd.^ Comb Foundation Mills

We have for sale a 6-inch and a 10-inch
Second-Hand Comb Foundation Mill. Used
scarcely any ; good as new. If interested write
for prices.

YORK HONEY ^5UPPuP CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

bo SJsaX To o% e mojj isbi pay ^ .

£3

Otisvillk, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything- in
the^smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I vant any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for wLiat he said of It. Those remarks In-
dnced me to ffet mine. Fred Fodnbr.

3IeDtion Bee Jonrual when vn'lting'.

If you want the Bee-Book

"That covers the whole ApicuUnral Field more
A completely than any other published,
^ send $X. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount* to tbe Trade.

O ^Sf^ Normal rates have been restored
by all lines between Chicago. Buffalo,
New York, Boston, and other Eastern
points and the Nickel Plate Road is
still prepared to furnish strictly first-
class service between Chicago and the
East, in their 3 daily through trains
to New York and Boston, at rates as
low as obtained by any other line.
Meals served as you like, in the dining-
car, either a la carte, club, or table de
hole, but in no case will a meal cost
more than $1.00. Our rates will be of
interest to you, and information cheer-
fully given by calling at 111 Adams
Street, or addressing John Y. Calahan,
•General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298. Chicago, or 'phoning Central 2057.

33— 36A4t

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. Special l>i<!>count on all bee.supplies
not now in jtieason. l,ewis' Ciootls at laclory prices. Catalog free.

Honey-Packagfes for Marketing' Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets. CiiaKs .lars 'vvith patent sKprin)^
sealer»i and glass tttopperii : regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

Fine Italian Queens by Return Mail

Untested Queens ?: ."5

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens $1.00

Select Tested Queens 2.00

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. IE
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your tirst order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices oo ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how, [much. Uest service,
lo^ve^it freight rates, sati-staction to all.

CIWI Cr^O'I I J8. r^O ^OO'* E*ST Wash. Street
a IVIa OOw I I OC wWa INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •J••^

Mention Bee JournnI ^rhen irrltlngr.

** •5'+

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Mlnnesota^Wjsconsln. — The annual meeting
of the Southeastern Minnesota and Western
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at the County Commissioners^ Rooms in
the Court House at Winona, Minn., on Oct. 24
and 25, 1905, at 10 a.m. of each day. All bee-
keepers invited with their wives, and help to
make the convention a success.

Joseph M. Reitz, Sec.

W. K. Bates, Pres.

VIRGINIA QUEENS ifrJoir.iir^^A

of careful selection from red-clover queens and
superior stock obtained from W. Z. flutcbinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June IS, oOc; tested
queens, Sl.ori; after Jane IS, 75c; selected tested
queens, $1 25; after June 15, $1.00. Write postal
card for circular. CHAS. KOEPPEN,
17A26t Fredericksburg, Va.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

.^ How the Canadians Like ^
^ Moore's Strain of Italians ^

5 J. L. Byer, Markham, Ont. , Can., says:

W ** I use a very large hive and have been getting Italian stock from different breeders,

M and yours are the only Italians that nil np my big hives with rousing big colonies. They

Jt winter splendidly, out-doors, are hustlers after honey, and not one queen has yet cast a

?R swarm."

Ji Untested Queens T5c each ; six, $4; dozen, $7.50

<!v Select Untested $1.00 each; six, $5; dozen, $9.00

'if Descriptive circular free. 1 am now filling orders by return luail, and shall ff

ii probably be able to do so until the close of the season. w

I 29Dtf J. P. MOORE, Rt. 1, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky. |

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

1^

^^ And Prompt Shipments

IHH Is what we are making for our customers.

V — DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES

Jjf^ We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.

THE HARSHFIELD riANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

I 12 Percent Discount

M We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by

2' Cash duritig September. Send for our Catalo.iT.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

686

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28, 1905

Capital City Apiary!

Fine Italian <>^ueens

Untested, after June 15, 75o; Tested, $1.00;

Breeders— the very best, $5 00. Terms cash

with order. Safe arrival and satisfaction

guaranteed. WA1.XKR S. HOWS,

1123 Blaine Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Z7A13t Please mention the Bee Joninal.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

S<>0 to $K0 per month salary assured our straduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you haTe a
position. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway ofBciala. OPBK-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DRMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write tor Catalog.

MOR8B SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.

Cincinnati, O. BufTalo.N.Y. Atlanta, (ia. LaCrosse.

Wis. Texarkana, Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention tlie Bee Journal

uoTi^lfiNcLice Killing Machine

I kill! kll lice and

N i.il DJUTT to birdB -n fei»lh-

erl. Hftndleg ftiiy fnwl, fltoBlloBt chick to Isreeat
gobbler. MadointhrpesUes. Pmyg for ltB«lf «rBt
■eftson. Also Lightning Lin Killing Awd«r,
Poultry Biti, Lice -Wii r,ier, ef«. We Beoun spacikl
low eipMfls rates, Ontalof BontfrM. Writeforll.

CHARLES 8CHILD CO.
R Frankfort St. Cleveland, OUo

I THE ONLY LOCK |

K Corner that is perfect is made by us. S

a It can not be otherwise. The end rab- 0

S bet runs by and nails to the sides. S

0 Can't split off nor warp. Perlect in (9

S every way. Lumber of the best x

0 quality. DISCOUNT— well, it will 0

2 ASTONISH you. All kinds of S

0 Supplies. Write your wants. 0

0 The Wood Bee-Hive & Box Go. 0

S LANSING, MICH. S

39D.t Please mention the Bee Journal.

sniPDino-Gases IoTIll

Made of Michigan white pine; 24-lb.,$13;
12-lb., $8; 20-lb, Danzy, *11 per 100; less than
100 lots, J2O more each; 3-in. glass. Ic each
more; No. 1 Sections, 84; No. 2, §3.50 per
1000. All kinds of Supplies kept in stock.
Send for list. W. U. S4»I>ER.

Rural Routes, JACKSON. MiCH.

27Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

40-PaSe Catalog Free!
Full Information regarding all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' 8DPPLIES. Best goods. Latest Im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John Nbbkl & Son Scpplt
Co., High Hill, Mo, SDtf

jZ^" When planning a business or
pleasure trip from Chicago to Buffalo,
New York, Boston, or any Eastern
point, you should investigate the satis-
factory service afforded by any of the
3 Express Trains operated by the Nickel
Plate Road. Colored porters are in
charge of coaches, whose duties are to
look after the comfort of passengers
while enroute. Special attention shown
ladies and children, as well as elderly
people, traveling alone. No excess
fare charged on any train on the Nickel
Plate Road. America. Club Meals,
from 35 cents to $1.00, served in Nickel
Plate dining-cars. One trial will result
to your satisfaction. A'l trains leave
from La Salle Street .Station, only
depot in Chicago on the Klevated Rail-
road Loop. Call on or address John
Y, Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago. 34— 36Ait

Tennessee Queens

Owing to the great demand for my Tennessee Queens for several
puasons, and the quantity of standing orders from old customers, I deci-
iled not to advertise until my books were cleared of orders, and thus avoid
disappointing customers.

I am now ready to fill orders by RETURN MAIL. Breeders used :
Imported dark leather-colored Italian; my selections from light imported
Italian; Moore's long-tongue; golden; Carniolan (mated to Carniolan
drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones) ; imported Caucasian
(lately received, mated lor the present to Carniolan and Italian drones).

Prices until Oct. 1. After Oct. 1. Tested—

Untested 12 for 16.00 Untested 12 for $7.50 Each $1.50

6 for 3.25 " 6 for 4 00 Breeders—

" 1 f or 60 " 1 for 75 Eaoh 3.00

JOHN M. DAVIS. Spring Hill, Tenn.

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

-OF-

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^ y

Each Policy Holdbr is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENME, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, Hi.

Slaodard-Bred """*"

!:',.QneeD, 75 cents

Italian

2 for $1 40, or 4 or more at one time, 60 cents each for balance of season. The
Weekly American Bee Journal one year (either new or renewal subscription) with
one of these tine Queens — both for $1.50 Better have one or more of these Queens.
They give satisfaction. Firit come, first served.

An Untested Italian Queen-Bee
FREE as a Premium

For Sending One New Subscriber

for the American Bee Journal for a year with $1.00.

As has been our custom heretofore we offer to mail a fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian t^ueen to the person who complies with the following conditions, all
of which must be strictly followed :

1. The sender of a new subscriber must have his or her own subscription paid
in advance at least to the end of this year.

2. Sending your own name with SI, 00 for the Bee Journal will not entitle yon
to a Queen as a premium. The sender must be already a paid-in-advance subscriber
as above, and the new subscriber must be a I^EW subscriber; which means,
further, that the new subscriber has never had the Bee Journal regularly, or at least
not for a whole year previous to his name being sent in as a new one; and, also, the
new subscriber must not be a member of the same family where the Bee Journal is
already being taken.

We think we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
be made. Our Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be
earned in a legitimate way. They are worth working for.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearbo n Street, CHICAGO, ILL

I

Sept. 28 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

687

B66SUPPII6S

Guaranteed Superioritu !

Low6§i)-FricesiB

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

We have been making Bee-
nives. Sections, etc., for over 20
years.

New ..Illustrated .. Catalog
free ; also sample copy of

(Monthly, so cts. a Year.)

The best magazine for begin-
ners. (It has been published by
us regularly for IS years.)
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER
MFG. CO.,

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

\H 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
M'ooal Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 1 can
in a box. at 8 cents a pound ; 2 or more cans,
boxed, at 7>fj cents— all f.o.b. Chicago. Cash
with order. Sample, by mail, 8 cents in
stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYITpp^l^v^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO. ILL.
New Comb honey-Crop of 1905

"We uciieve ii would pay those having ii in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us jonr low-
est (ipot cjsh prices, and fully describe the
■roods and sivleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in ihe U S. Yours for business,
THOS C STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manz*nol», Coio., ana FaisFiELD, III.
28Atf t'lezse mention the Uet Journal.

Big Discounts
on Bee-5upplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
e.xcept honey- packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9percent | Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec.l 8 " March 1.4 "

Jan. 1 7 " I April I 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog f'ee. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,
213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA

38Aif Please mention the Bee Joirnal

FOR SALE

Until fnrin-r n.ii e, fi ie t qoalily dew crop
Califo'nia Wner White While Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in tO-lb. tins, 2 in a case; ntw
cans and . <w cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and stale quantity yoi want.

HIlDRETH & Segelkfn
265 & 267 GreeowKh atieei, Neu York, N.l .

34Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

10 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

^ ^SEPTEMBER^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER =-

Office and Salesrooms, 214-6-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Qoney anb

CHiCAGO.Aug. 18 —The demand has absorbed
all the offeiings of fancy and A No. 1 grades of
white comb honey at 14c, while No. I has sold
at I3@13!-tc. No call at present for other than
the best grade, it really beiog difficult to place
what ordinarily is called No. 1. Extracted,
white. 6@7c; amber, light and dark,5(a^6c. Bee
wax, 28c. R. A. Bushbtt A Co.

Kansas Citt, Aug. 24. — The honey market
here shows a decided improvement and the
market is firm at $2.85 to $3.00 for No. 1 and
fancy white comb in 24 section cases. Amter
and other grades are selling for less, according
to quality. Extracted in fair demand, white
selling at 6Mcents; other grades down to 4^c.
Beeswax, 28c. C. C. Clbmons A Co.

CINCINNATI, O., Sept. 8 —It appears by this
time, that comb honey will not be so plentiful.
In tome parts of the West the crop has been
more or less a lailure. Pri es so f ar have not
changed much yet. Fancy white comb. 13@15c.
Extracted seems tn be more plentiful. In bar-
re s, light amber, S%@S^c; in cans, %c more;
white clover from 7(g(8c. Beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W. Wkbbf.

Indianapolis, Sept. 2 — There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De.
mand for lower grades of comb honey not good.
Numerous shipments of honey arriving, but no
one producer seems to have very great quanti-
ties to ofifer. 1 quote fancy white at HiiiilSc;
No. I in poor demand at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade e.\tracted brings S(a)9c in 60-lb,
cans; amber slow at 5c. Beeswax. 28'al30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

N Bw York, Sept. 7. — New crop of comb honey
is now arriving in a small way and fancy stock
finds ready sale at I4@15c per pound; No. 1, at
123)130, and amber at lie No buckwheat on
the market as \et. Extracted in good demand,
and we quote California at 6@7Jic per p lund,
a C' rding to quality; Southern at from 55@65c
per gallon; white clover at 6H@7c per pound.
Beeswax steady ai 29c per ponud.

Hildrbtb a Sboblkbn

Toledo, Aui^r- 1^— The market on combboney
at this writinK" 's practically the same as last;
however, honi-y is bein< tffered quite freely,
and this has a tendency to decline the price.
On account oi the heavy receipts of fruit there
is no great demand foreither comb or extracted
at present. Fancy white clover in .- retail way
brings ISc; No. 1, I4c; little demand for amber.

Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6@6te; in
cans, 7@7)ic; amber in barrels, 5i§IS^c; in cans,
6@6«c. Beeswax, 28@30c. Griggs Bros.

Cincinnati, Sept. 7.— There is little to report
s'nce our quotation two weeks ago. The supply
of both comb and extracted honey is fair, and
the demand is good. We offer extracted honey
as follows: Amber, in barrels and cms, at
5Ji@6'<c, respectively. White clover at 7@8 <c.
f ancy white comb honey at 12^lSc. Beeswax,
29 cents. Thb Frbd W. Moth Co.

Philadelphia, Sept. 21.— There seems to be
an unusually large quantity of comb honey of-
fered in the market at this time and prices for
new goods are somewhat weak. We find small
lots of bee keepers in the vicinity offering it at
'm )St any price, regardless of the actual value.
Honey has been sold in Philadelphia at the fol-
lowing prices during the week : Fanc^. 13@16c;
No. 1, ll@Uc. Extracted, amber, SH@6^ cents;
white clover, 6^(§18c. Beeswax, firm, 28c.

We are prodncers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sklsbr.

Albany, N. Y., Sept. 18.— Honey demand
sharpening some as cooler weather prevails,
We quote fancy white, IS cents; A No. 1 white,
14@15c; No. 1 white, 14c; mixed, 13c. Buck-
wheat, extra, 13c; fair, 12wl3c Extracted,
buckwheat, 6W6H cents; amber, 6@6Mc; wtaite-
7@7)ic. Beeswax, 28(</32c. U. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Sept. 13.— White comb. 1-lb-
sections, 1 5)10 cents; amber, 7 8c. Extracted,
water-white, 454@5c; white, 4H@mc; light am-
ber, 3Jj@4 cents; amber,3@3»c; dark amber,
2X@3c Beeswax, good to choice, light, 2S@26c.

San Francisco .iobbers say that there is no
material improvement in the honey market
here owing to the fact that apiaiists are still
asking above the figure at which business can
be done here. The quotations above represent
the prices which Sau Francisco dealers are
willing to pav for the various grades del vered.
It is reported that Colorado will produce about
a of the average yield of honey this year, and
that Coloi ado buyers are already in the south-
em part of California buying several carloads
of comb honey for shipment into the Middle
West. An estimate of the yield for southern
California for this year, emanating from the
Californi 1 National Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, says that the ontpnt will approximate 175
carloads. Last year's crop was practically
nothing and the prospects are for higher prices.

HON MY AND BEESWAX

When cuiisig'iiln^, buying' or selling, consuli

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
«QC» South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

Plee: e mention Bee Journal
when u ritlng advertisers.

686

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sept. 28, 1905

AN OEDER IN TIME SAVES 9

Percent if sent in with Cash in

OCTOBER

!».• i»i> ■!».• 'tr ^f ^r '?♦.•■

*#ir. «'#■(. *#■'. •#!*. .>#!'. .■#■'. .ta4'«-
7t!«- --^f -I*? -.♦,•■ -it? ■1»^ •<(♦•■

9 percent during October.
8 percent during November.

7 percent during December.
6 percent during January.

4 percent during February.
2 percent during March.

This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for current use.

On receipt of the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity we will
mail to any address free of charge postpaid a copy of our little book, "Bee Pranks,"
which is a pamphlet compiled from newspaper clippings containing many laughable and
interesting anecdotes which have actually happened in the life of the bee. Published
only by G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods :

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA

C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber & Milling Co.,
San Francisco.

COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA
C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO
Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

(i. B. LEWIS CO. ^

Manufacturers of

ee- Keepers'
Supplies

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A.

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at Chicago, Dec. 5, 6, 7

45th Year

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK L CO,. 334 Dearborn Street

CHICAGO, ILL., OCTOBER 5, 1905

No. 40

Apiary of J. M. Butler, of Clinton Co., low.*., in Cherrv Blohm.

(See page 694)

690

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLRNAt

Oct. S, 190S

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV

6E0RGE W.YORK & COMPANY

3S4 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
Sl.iio a year, in the Unitetl States. Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, ou
cents a year extra for poBtajte. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABETj DATE indicates the
endof the month to which your subscriptiot ispai.i.
For instance. " dec05" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Btcember, 19u4.

STTBSCRIPTION RfiCBIPTS.— We do not send a

receipt for money sent us to pay Bubseription, but
change the dale on your wrapper-label, which showa
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National BeeKeepers' Association

Objects of the Association

1st.— To promote the interests of Its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riBhta. . .i, ^ ,* *- ,

Sd.— To enforce laws against the adulteration oi
boney. .

Annual Membership Dues^ $i.oo

General Manager and Treftsurer—

N. E. Fkance. PlattevlUe, WlB,

rg- If more convenient, Dnes may be sent to the
DQblisbers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tlie Honey-Producers' League

(Lncorporated)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facta about boney, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUBS

1. Any bee-beeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.O<i for each
20 (or fraction of 2n) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
Arm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $tO. increased by one-
fltth of one (1 ) percent of his or its capita! used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

Geohge W. York, Manager,

334 Dearborn St.. CHICAGO, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
ISCi, we will give an untested Italian queen for
Bending us ONE NEW subscription with $1 . "Of or the
Bee Journal a year. Now \» the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
.lournal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders tu the office of the American Bee Journal.

Learti Telegraphy and R. R.
Accountiiig

$50 to$|f 0 per month salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. You dont pav us until you have a
position. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway oflScials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write lorCui;tlog.

MOR&E School of Telegraphy,

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo, N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.
Wis. Texarkana. Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29Al7t Please mention the Bee Journal

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, iSections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates (or the coming sea-
Bon. By sendiDg us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOY(.AN, WIS.

Mention Bee JuuranI irben nxitlngr.

.WA'a. .Aa. Wiir. .'A!r. ..'Ai>. .«#ir. ,WA>. ..Air. .."Air. .,'#■. .,~#ir. ..A" ■.'!''■ .<■'#'. -<■#<■■ .*4>r. ..'ii*- ..'Ai'- •#'- ■Ai' .•#■*. .>Ai'- .^t'"- ..'A''- .i>A<r. ■liA''' -.'A*.

Tlvllv i»." ■:•• 'T*^ 1#!'^> ■•.»!• -itri*." Mf -il- i»." -^t? ^»^ •■tf i(^-^^ ■•.tf it" •1♦^ '-tf it." i#.» it^^f^*?

■^ 't If Goodio are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

©BEE-SUPPLIES I
I Root's Goods¥Rooi'§ rrices |
Everything- used by Bee- Keepers. ^jfe

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. ^

Ivow Freight Rates. .-. .-. .*. Catalog Free. ^

.W#^. ^Ic

•l"? If >lu wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my 1^

.WA# free momhlv pr ice-list of hooey. ^^fa,

irj? Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE, and avail ^

^1^ ycurself of the following very liberal discounts'/ Goods all Root Quality. ^fe

j£ Percent | For cash orders before Jan. 1.7 percent ^£

«» For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 For cash orders before Feb. 1.6 percent ISS^

«X« For cash orders before Nov. 1 9 For cash orders before Mar. 1 . 4 percent ^

iS» For cash orders before Dec. 1 8 1 For cash orders befoi e Apr. 12 percent «jf

$ WALTER S. rOUDER, |

4»i 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ife

TfTTtT ■'!•.■■ '^t.*' '".f^ 'i#.* ^?f? tv^ *^ '?•■■ '!•■• '^•.* *!•.• *?•■' '!r*^ *!•■" ''?•.■ ''^^ ".9^ ''?#i' '<??? >••■ '*!•.■' T#.*' 'tl.*" TfTTf?^

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION i'h'e BEST

Now is tiie time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville. Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER, = Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Journal when irriting.

IT'S TIME TO FEED

Feeding time is here and you will want feeders. There are none better made than
the Miller-Boardman Entrance Division-Board Feeder and the Simplicity Bottom-Board
Feeder. Tney can be attached to the bottom-board and left all the year around. Are
made on honor and sold direct from the factory to you, saving you a middleman's
profit.

Your orders will receive prompt attention. Send them early.

Don't fail to send us your address for our new catalog, which will be very compre-
hensive, and will give you many valuable pointers upon bee-keeping.

JOHN DOLL &; SON,

Power Building-, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

9 Percent Disconut

ON ORDERS FOR

accompanied by
cash sent us in

Lewis' Bee-Supplies

H. M. ARND,
Mgr.

OCTOBER. This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for cur-
rent use. By Return Freight or Express. Send to

YORK XX0N£ JL SUPPLY CO* (NotlnO.

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog: and prices on Honey on application. If you want Oood Ooods

at Factory Prices and I»rompt Siiipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED — 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange

— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal aSySiS^

Oct. 5, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

691

I "DADANT'S FOUNDATION" I

'(B'

\^j'

-AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. 5 lbs. lO-lbs. 25 lbs. 50 lbs.

Medium Brood 55 S3 51 49 48

Light Brood 57 55 53 51 50

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56 55

Extra Thid Surplus. . .65 63 61 59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

%^.

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

* DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

f>

•f)"f)''(f "f)"f)»^"<|)"f)"f)"(|)"f)-<P"^' '(f ' '^"f)^^

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in no:drip shipping

CASES. ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE. AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT. AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 61 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

4i>U/\i/U/\i/V^/V^/W/\l>U/\li\^>\i/\i/\l/\i/\l/il/il/\l/\^/\i/i«>il/\)/\)><i^

SUDDII6S ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest

variety of everything needed in the ^^

Apiary, assuring best goods at lowest S^

.^ prices, and prompt shipnaents. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free IIIiis- ^'.

^5 trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^i

.•»» Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language. ^.

^ KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa. ^;

^ AGENCIES ^

^^ Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. £:

*^ Shng'art & Onreo, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Lamar. Colo. ^*

:4 Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio. Tex. S^

Get Piew Subscribers

Why tiot get a New Subscriber fer
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal?

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts to many times
the coBtof Lambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lire without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
pix>ve it. 100 cz.. by express. Jl.OO.

«. K. STOCK FOOn CO..

D.J.Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bld^., Chicago, IIL

Bee-Keepers'
Early Discounts

Xow is the Time to .send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts :

Before October 1 deduct 10 percent

November 1.. •• 9

" December 1. . •• 8

January 1 " 7

" February 1 . . . •' 6

March 1 '• 4

April 1 " 3

Prelght-Rates from Toledo are the
lowett Can take Honey and Beeswax
in exchange for Sapplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalof;. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything- for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiHJIDO, - OHIO.

Mention Bee Journal when n-rltlng.

692

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 5. 190S

K

WINTEE IS COMING

Are Your Bees In Good Condition ?

Outdoor Wintering is the Safest for the Majority of Bee- Keepers

Dovetailed Chaff Hive

This i6 one of the very beet hives we sell ; and for win-
tering bees, or for the production of comb honey, we do not
know of anything better.

A good many suppose that double-walled hives are use-
ful only for winter; but in localities subject to cool nights
and a very hot burning sun during the middle of the day,
they are none too warm for comb honey. Some of the best
bee-keepers of the country are beginning to learn that such
a hive, having well-protected supers, produces not only
more, but a better-filled comb honey. Our dovetailed chaff
has 3 inches between the walls, and when packed with
chaff, sawdust, planer-shavings, or any loose material,
makes a very warm brood-nest. The water-table, or pic-
ture-frame-like rim, covering the inner and outer walls, per-
mits the use of the same supers that are used in the single-
walled hives. When these supers are put on this hive and
then covered with its warm, telescopic cover, the bees are
in position to store comb honey as they can not do in su-
pers not so protected.

Dovetailed Winter Case

There are those who, having single-walled hives desire
something which, at a slight additional expense, will con-
vert their hives into double-walled abodes for bees during
the winter. Again, some others who winter in-doors wish
something cheap and serviceable in the way of a protection
to put over the hives after they are set out in the spring.
To supply such we are prepared to furnish an outside case
having the same cover and the same outside shell as go with
the chaff hive described here. These are set over the S-
frame hive, and the opening at the bottom of the case (that
is, the space between the hive inside and the ease) is
stopped up with the padded sticks. Packing material is
poured in the space, after which a cushion or tray is put on
top of the frames, and the cover set over the whole. This
arrangement as a whole has given the best of results.

These are large enough to go over 10-frame Dovetailed
and Simplicity hives, allowing only ^s -inch space on each
side

See prices of both S and 10 frame sizes in bottom line
of table below.

Table of Prices of Dovetailed
Chaff Hives

l-story Chaff Hive, no super or upper story,

with tel. and super cover and chaff-tray.

Without foundation starters

With foundation for 1-inch starters

•<-story Chaff Hive for comb honey without

sections or foundation starters

For 4'4x4i4'xl"s beeway sections

For 4,'4x4i4xli._. plain sections

For 4x5xl'„ plain sections, in D. super . .
Same with spciions and foundation starters

With 4'4x4'4xl,!-a' beeway sections

With 414x414x1',. plain sections

With4x5xl'\ plain sections. In D. super. .

Winter-case body with padded sticks

Winter-case with 7-inch cover complete

Desig-
nating
Letter

YW.5
YW6

YW53S i
YW52P I
YW52M

YW64S I

YW641-\

YW64.VI

Z

YZ

EfiHTFRAME

KD IN FLAT
PRICE IN LOTS OF

3 25
3 45

4 00
4 15

3 70
2 80I

3 20
3 35

12 25
12 .50

4 403 50

4 55
75

L .50

3 65

60

1 30

10

23 00
23 50

14 50 27 00

15 25' 28 50

15 75 29 50

16 50' 31 00
2 75 5 00
5 50' 10 00

25

54 50

55 75

03 75
67 50

69 50

73 25
12 00
24 00

400

400

470
460

490

480
470

510

SO

ISO

3 50
3 60

TKN KR-vME

KD IN FLAT
PRICE IN LOTS OF

3 80

3 90

8 35
3 50

3 65

3 80

62

1 25

10

13 751
13 00 1

34 10
24 60

00

58

15 25 28 50 67 50

16 00 30 00

16 .50

17 35

3 85

31 00

32 .50
5 20

10 50

71 25

73 25

77 50
13 25
25 00

410
410

490

480

525

515
505

550

85

190

Compleie prices and descriptions in general Catalog. Ask for it.

9 Percent Discount for October Cash Orders

The A. I. Root Company,

MEDINA,
OHIO

GhicaQo, 144E..ErieSt.

Philadelphia, 10 Vine St.

New York, 44 Veseu St.

y
y
y
y
y
y
y

1

1^^^^^

I Entered at the Poat-Office at Chicago as Second-Claaa Mail-Matter
I'lihliMhed Weekly at 81. OO a Vear by Weorge W. Vork Jk. Co., 334 l>earborn St.

(IBORQE W. VORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., OCTOBER 5, 1905

VoL XLV— Nc. 40

/T

V:.

€bitortal Hotcs £^L^ (Eomments

^

J'

Carloads of Convention Bee-Keepers

Had everjlhing been clear sailioK for hold-
ing the National coDvention of bee-l<eepers
at San Antonio, it was our intention to en-
deavor to get together a carload of bee-keep-
ers from the Eist and North to join here in
Chicago, and go on to San Antonio. Bee-
keepers all along the way could have joined
the party, just as they did on that memorable
trip to Los Angeles two years ago.

But since it has been definitely decided to
hold the convention in Chicago instead of
San Antonio, we have wondered it it would
not be possible for the bee-keepers of the
South to get up a carload of themselves for
Chicago. Perhaps bee-keepers around Den-
ver, and further west, could also come in a
carload. Then likely those in the East could
meet in Buffalo and come in a carload from
there.

We do not see why there shouldn't be
plenty who could help work up at least the
three carloads indicated There are a lot of
bee-keepers that will want to come to Chi-
cago. And surely the bee-keepers of Chicago
and vicinity will be glad to meet »hem. The
more the merrier. And Chicago will be big
enough to take care of all who come — Dec. 5,
ISand 7, 1905.

Comb Honey by Freight

Mr. Edwin Bevins, of Decatur Co., Iowa,
sends us a letter from a commission house, in
which appears this paragraph ;

' We have your favor in reply lo ours, and
note you are shipping us a crate of honey.
In the crate you use the glass is exposed, but
in the crate illustrated ia our circular the
glass fronts are all inside, and most railroads
charge from 'Zb to lill percent less freight on
shiprneuis packed this way. In some uf your
crates that arrived lately the glass fronts
^yere broken, and the honey in one or two sec-
tions had oozed out."

Our advice has always been to pack cases
of comb hotiey so that the glass would be ex-
posed. We supposed this was what the rail-
oad companies wanted, so that their freight

men could easily see the character of the
goods they were handling.

We would like to have all the honey-dealers
who quote the market lor the American Bee
Journal write us for publication anything
they may have to say on this subject. No
doubt such expressions would be of mutual
aid to shipper and dealer.

Fall Contraction of Hive- Entrances

Gleanings in Bee Culture advises that in
the Northern States, except where a late flow
of honey is on, the entrances of all colonies
should be closed down to not larger than 6
inches by }-^ inch deep, as early as the first of
September. That seems pretty close quarters,
but it may be all right. It correct, a good
many will have to do some more contracting.
With an entrance only }^ inch deep there is
danger of clogging by dead btes. This may
be helped by a rim one or two inches deep
placed under the hive, the entrance above the
rim.

Don't Feed Thin Syrup Late

If any colonies are still lacking in stores,

the sooner they are attended to the better. A

caution, however, is now needed that was not

needed years ago. Of late it has become the

fashion to recommend feeding syrup thin, as

much water as sugar. The fashion is a good

One pr"'"'<i«i the feeding is done early. But

at this time of the year bees should not be

expected to evaporate a lot of water. 8u to

each pint or pound of water add 2^:\ pints or

pounds of sugar. l>ne advantage of early

feeding is that the i^ees so manipulate the

thin syrup that it will not granulate in the

combs, and there is danger that the later ted

and thicker syrup may granulate. To help

in this direction, add a fifth of extracted
«
honey. Lacking this, an even teaspoonful of

, tartaric acid, previously dissolved in a cup of

u water, may be added for each 20 pounds of

'[sugar. At this time of year it is better to

give the syrup hot.

Paste for Labeling Tin

General Manager N. E. France has this to
say on this subject;

To make labels stick to new tin cans, I first
wipe the tin with a cloth wet with strong
vinegar, then either of the following four
kinds of good paste will stick :

1. Dextrin, 1 ounce; glucose, 1 ounce, well
mixed, warm.

2. Gum arable dissolved in water.

3. Gum tragacanth soaked 3 days in cold
water.

4. Borax, 1 ounce; gum shellac, 4 ounces;
boiling water, 1 quart.

Another good paste is made by mixing
wheat flour in cold water, then boil.

Reserve Combs for Feeding Bees

Pretty late to say anything more about it
now; but where such a thing is yet possible
it is highly advisable to have extra combs of
sealed honey. They will come in handy nest
spring.

Outdoor Feeding of Bees

The editor of Gleanings in Bee Culture,
after some "rassling" with the outdoor-
feeding problem, made a call tor a "perfect
outdoor feeder.'' Now, however, he seem^
to have soUed the problem himself. His plan
is certainly ingenious, and well worthy of
trial wherever neighboring bees are not suffi-
ciently near to divide the spoils. Here is his
solution of the problem in detail:

We have overcome to a great extent the
difficulty of wearing out bees experienced
with the outdoor feeding. We use 60-pound
cans with small holes punched in the top as
before. These are nuw filled with syrup of
the consistency of two parts of water to one
of sugar. The weaker syrup has less of a
tendency to make the bees scramble against
each other. Then, to mitigaie further the
damage to the bees by reason of their strug-
gling against each other, the 00-pound cans
are elevated some In fret abucr l/ir ijroaud.
The wire bail or handle that is in the top is
unsoldered. The can is then turned upside
down, and the handle is soldered to the bot-
tom. The other end of the can is perforated
with small holes, as before explained. A
rope is passed over a limb of a tree, 12 feet or
more above the ground. When the can is
filled with the two-to-one syrup, the rope is
tied to the bail (now on the bottom ot the
can), when the can is hauled up to the
height ot about 10 feet. It may take several
hours for the bee- to find it; but when they
do they will begin in earnest.

The bees will form in bnnches at the per-

694

THE AMERJCAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct.

5, 1905

I'oratioDP. ami drop down ; but infitead of
dropping with a ibud or a jar to the ground
or in the grase, suttaininfj more or less of a
shocli, and wearing out their wings in the
scramble to take wing in the grass, they
catch wing hefan they actually strike the
ground, and fly up again. They no more
than get a little sip of syrup than down they
go again, catch wing, liy up, take a sip and
down again, and so on.

The under side of the tin is so smooth that
there is nothing for the bees to cling to, and
they can not do very much scrambling. But
just the minute two or three get to tuggiug
at the same hole, down they go. The result
is, we have produceil almost ail the condi-
tions of an artificial houey-llow. It takes the
bees so long to get a load of .'yrup that they
.iy back and forth to the hives quietly, and
without excitement.

Two fiO-pound cans of dilute syrup will
keep a yard of some auo colonies during an
absolute dearth of hooey i|iiiet for a couple
of days, so that the hives can be opened in-
discriminately, and combs exposed without
any robbing. It begins to develop now that
the bees that do most of the robbing repre-
sent but a very small portion ot the whole
yard. It is these that we keep busy by out-
door feeding. As they can not do any
scrambling to any extent, there is not the

I

same wear and tear that we experienced in
our early experinients. We fed up for winter
all of our Hill) colonies at the home-yard by
this outdoor feeding. What is more, this
syrup is ripened in Nature's way, and there-
fore must make an ideal winter food.

Adulterated Honey in Minnesota

Mr. 1". 1. Eckn\an,of Wiitonwan (o., Minn.,
sent us a clipping taken from the Farm,
Stock and Home, of Minneapolis, dated Sept.
15, 190.5, which gives a list of " Impure
Foods," reported by Hon. E. K. Slater, Min-
nesota's dairy and food commissioner. In
that list we find the following paragraph ;

Strained Honey. "Purity" brand. E. tJ.
Bailey Co., Detroit, Mich. Illegal. Adul-
terated with commerctal glucose. Sold as
pure honey.

If only all the States would get after the
adulterations, and warn the public against
them, it would be a good thing for the con-
sumers, and also the producers of pure prod-
ucts. Some day we hope it will be so.

/T

ITItsccUancous Hcrps 3tcTn5

v=

=\

J

NoniinationH Tor National Klection

have been made, and the ballots counted with
the following result, as per notice received
from the General Manager :

For President— C. P. Dadant, O. I.. Her-
shiser, J. (J. Harris.

Fob Vice-President — Geo. E. Hilton, C.
P. Dadant, .T. A. Green, O. L. Hershiser, F.
Muth, W. •/,. Hutchinson, Dr. Miller, J. U.
Harris.

For Skcretaht — W. /.. Hutchinson, J. A.
Green, L. Seholl, E. T. Abbott.

For (Ienerai. Manauer— N. E. France,
W. Rohrig, W. H. Laws, F. Kauchfuss.

For Three Directors — F. Wilcox, M. H.
Mendleson, M. M. Baldridge, Dr. Miller, C. A.
Hatch, W. S. Ponder, E. W. Alexander, J. M.
Hambaugh, E. R. Root, .T. Mclnfyre, G, W.
York, ti. B. Howe.

The foregoing, then, are to l)e the candi-
dates, although their nomination does not
prevent any member of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association from voB^ng for some
other member not included in the above list,
if he so desires.

The National I'l'og^riiin was already on
the printing press last week *hen we received
the following from the Secretary :

Friend York;— .lust after M. A. Gill's
paper, in the forenoon session of the second
day, in the program of the National conven-
tion, add the following: " Producing Both
Comb and Extracted Honey On the Same
Colony "—.las. A. Green, Grand .lunction,

Colo. W. /.. HlITOIlINHON, ,'<rr. ■

l/.Vpicoltore, the leading Italian bee-
paper, published in Milan, in its September
editorial menlions the passage in Italy of Mr.
Frank lienton, the American Government
apiarist, who visited .several of the leading
Italian apiarists, and pre,sented to the ItaliaTi
.•\6Socialion a photographic view of the Na.
ional apiary at Washington. The ediforof
L'Apicoltore incidentally mentions the mag-
nitude of the bee-interests in America, tlie
reports of whose crops seem to be disbelieAd
by many F,uro|)ean apiarists, so great is She

difference in methods and results between
Europe and America.

In the same number is to be found a trans-
lation of the visit of the editor of the Ameri-
can Bee .fournal to Dadant & Sons, which
was published in our issue of .luIySO. The
publisher of L'Apicoltore introduces the sub-
ject as follows:

We owe to the kindness of Signor V. Asprea
the translation of the following article taken
from a late number of the American Bee .Jour-
nal. In presenting this to our readers we are
sure to please them. The name of the great
American apiarist, Gharles Dadant. will bring
back to their memory his many writings pub-
lished in the columns of our journal, attract-
ing the attention of Italian bee-keepers to the
methods of bee culture in use across the
Atlantic, and recognised by him as the most
practical and protitablc. They will learn with
interest of his son, Camillo, justly esteemed
collaborator and to-day worthy continuator
of the work of his illusirious father, and
head of the new house. We regret to be un-
able to present also the photographs of the
Signor Dadant and of his sons, so splendidly
executed, which adorn the cover page of the
American Bee .lournal, but we will talce the
liberty to repeat to our leadHr.-^. with good
cause, the words of the editor of the Ameri-
can Bee rlournal.

Our Calit'ornia Hoiiey-lj**(tei*. — One

of our correspondents, located in San Fran-
cisco, Calif., wrote as follows Sept. l^:

Editor American Bee .Ioi'rnal —

Our local market is quiet just at this time,
but prices are extremely tirm. The following
prices rule here to-day: New crop, comb, per
pound. 111 to 12 cents. Extracted, water-
white, B cent.s; light amber. 5 to ."ji.j cents;
dark amber, 3 to 4 cents; and Hawaiian, "J to
:i'.^ 'cents.

Fair grade <J( beeswax would bring '3f) to 2.s
cents per pound.

The figures covering the exports of various
commodities from the port of Sau Frtnciseo
during the past year are now avnilaiile, and
the following dat;v culled ther(!from may be of
interest to the houey-irade. The figures ap-
ply only to shipmeuts made by steam or sail-
ing vessels leaving this port between .luly I.
I'.IIM, and .luly 1, UlOo;

To the Atlantic United States were shipped

.514 cases: to Europe, HM: to Mexico, l- i„
Central America. 4; to South Ameriua. 2i' in
Hawaii. 50; to the Pacific Islands (such as
Tahiti, Sunoa, etc I, 5; to the Philippine,
;tM4 ; 10 .Japan, 17; to China, 9.5; to tbe Far
East, 32; to Australasia. 1; to the British
Posse- sions, IGlj. In all a total of ;373fl cases
against some 'J23i' cases during the samB
period of 11103-01.

Of beeswax the statistics show that some
i'irp44 pounds went to the Atlantic Tnited
States, and some lo.2!i7 pounds to Europe-
the balance of the '2.5,400 pouuds (year's total
report! being scattered between Central
America and the Philippines. The figures
show that during the same period of 190:^-01
there were but 105 pounds shipped out of the
port of San Francisco, which certainly shows
an extraonlinary dilTcrcnce.

Reports from authentic sources in Southern
California lead me to believe that there will
be from a third to a half crop of honey, with
prospects a little better in the central portions
of the State. The California National Honey-
Producers' Association is advising its mem-
bers to hold their crop at tbe following
figures: White, 5 cents; light amber, l?^
cents; amber, 4 cents. One authority gives
as his estimate of the honey crop of Southern
California something like 125 carloads of 20
tons each; while another party% equally well
thought of in the trade, and supposed to ba a
good judge of conditions, estimates the crop
at 175 carloads. Figuring on that basis would
mean a proportion of about 125,000 cans of
the extracted product, and possibly 15 cars of
comb honey. They say that the National
Biscuit Company has made purchases aggre-
gating 75 carloads, this concern being the
largest single consumer of the product ot the
busy bee in the United States.

From all present indications I am warranted
in believing that we will soon see materially
higher prices out here for our product. We
are told that Arizona's crop is almost a fail-
ure, that Colorado will have only about IJO
percent of a crop, that the crop throughout
the Eastern States is light, and the market
well cleaned up ; so it does not take so much
of a guesser to figure out that an advance is a
very probable result. Our honey is worth
more money than we are asking for it, and
we will probably wake up to the fact in a few
days or weeks. " San Franciscan."

The Apiai-y of J. M. Butler appears
by picture on the first page this week. .Vlr.
B. wrote us as follows, Aug. lU:

I want to thank you for the valuable infor-
mation I have received through the columns
of the American Bee .lournal. I also seoii a
photograph of my apiary of 42 colonies,
spring count, which I increased this season to
53. I notice that some have been hoasiing of
early swarms; my firsi sw;irm issued May J.
and I had ij swarms before May 10. I never
fed my bees any thing, either. 1 put them oat
ot the cellar April 1, and everything loijkeil
favorable for a big honey crop, but it failed,
as it was too cold at night for the bees to do
much. I secured only a few hundred pounds
of honey where I should have had as many
thousand pounds.

The picture was taken in fruit-bloom, and
the trees the hives are under are cherry-trees;
they were one solid mass of bloom.

It ismyself examining a fraroeof brood and
liees, and further back are my wife and a little
boy who is making his home with us.

.J. M. BfTLEK.

Mr. <'ha*i. MonOeng rei|uesls us to
publish the foUovviog notice:

Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. -*• /'''''i
lam now out of the Mondcog Mfg. i-U-.
and so am no longer rcspou.Mlde for quee
and bee orders sent to the .Mondeiig »'!p-^"u
as they are not turned over to me. 1 "'
that ail mail orders for queens and bees, ""'
iir-e intended for me, would be sent U> me pe ^
tonally lat :I10 Newton Ave., -North), anu
will see that they are promptly taken cnie
CiiAS. .MoNi'ENi-

Oct. 5 1905

THfc AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

695

-V (£ontributcb ^-
Special Clrttclcs

^

J

Changing to a Larger. Full-Weight Section

BY I.. V. RICKETTS

IN advocating a change from the present to a larger size
section, there are many things to take into consideration.
Tlie thicl<ness, length and hight of the section sliould be
suitable to tlie inside dimensions of the super. The super
should be of the same length and width as the brood-chamber.
The width and length of the Langstroth hive is thi' standard.
There are many millions of dollars' worth of hives, frames,
combs, etc., of this dimension. A hive of the Langstroth
dimensions is perhaps as near the right size as we will ever
get. I believe the Langstroth dimensions are here to stay.
There is something connected with this hive that is dear to
every true bee-keeper in this country. It is the name,
" Langstroth."

From the above we conclude that we should use a section
whose dimensions are best suited to the inside dimensions of
the super in which they are to he used. Perhaps the ^\i\-
4'+xl%-inch bee-way section is the one in most general use at
the present time. Its width and thickness are suited to the
width and length of a hive of the Langstroth dimensions.

A section thinner than 1% inches will require more comb
foundation per pound of honey than will the 1%. Therefore
we conclude that as to width and thickness the 4Xxl?^-inch
section is the most desirable of any of the sizes.

As stated in a previous article, this section, when fairly
well filled with separatored honey, does not weigh more than
14-3 ounces per section, or 22 pounds per case of 24 sections.
This, I think, should be increased to 16 ounces per section, or
24 pounds, net, per case of 24 sections.

As already stated, the width and thickness of the 414x1%
section is suited to the width and length of the Langstroth
hive. Then in order to have them hold 16 ounces of honey it
will be necessary to use a section taller than 4Ji inches. We
find by calculating, that if a 4;4'x4'4.Klps-inch section holds
only 14=3 ounces, one of the same width and thickness should
be 4js inches high in order to hold 16 ounces. Therefore we
conclude that a section 4'4 x4j8Xl^s is the best size of section.
A section narrower than 4'4' inches does not fill the length of
the super as it should. If more than 4'4 inches wide four of
them will not go into a super with common section-holders.
A section thinner than l";s inches will not (ill the width of the
super as nicely as does the IJs, and it will require more comb
foundation per pound of honey.

The cost of changing from the square to the tall section
should not amount to very much. A strip of wood ?^-inch
thick nailed on the top or bottom ot the super makes all the
necessary change in the super. The end pieces of section-
holders, together with separators and shipping-cases, will
need to be % inch taller. I believe the manufacturers' prices
for these supplies (sections included) would be no higher than
for the ones now in use. ]5y the old way we use 24 sections,
24 sheets of comb foundation, and one shipping-case in order
to produce and sell 22 pounds of honey. I5y the new way we
produce and sell 24 pounds for virtually the same expense for
supplies.

Ky the old way the consumer pays for 2 pounds of honey
that he never receives, and is disappointed. This pay usually
goes to the retailer, and is so much over and above a reason-
able profit. This extra pay does not benefit the producer in
the least, on the contrary, it is an injury to his business. I!y
the new way the producer sells and receives pay for 24 ])ounds
of honey, and the consumer pays for and receives 24 pounds —
both are satisfied.

In using a section 4|s inches tall with the bottom of the
section-holder % inch thick, and a X-inch bee-space above the
sections, it will require a super SJj inches deep. This can be
changed to the Heddon hive or shallow extracting super, by
fastening ,'i-inch strips on top with screws or nails. Tln-se
strips can be removed without injury to the super. This
super can be used for a separable or shallow brood-chanibir,
which, for those who prefer such a hive, would be convouienl
indeed. Then we have a hive-body, section-honey super, i ■ -
tracting super, and chunk-honey super — all in one.

We should strive to establish, as nearly as practicable, a

standard in all our apiarian fixtures, and, above all, to estab-
lish and maintain a standard weight for a case of No. 1 sep-
aratored honey. This should be 24 pounds, net, including
weight of sections for a casc^ of 24 sections.

Although I have given the foregoing but little thought, I
will suggest that the weight of No. 2 separatored honey be not
less than 21 pounds, and No. 3 not less than 18 pounds per
case of 24 sections. This would be an average of 16 ounces
per section for No. 1, 14 ounces for No. 2, and 12 ounces for
No. 3. Whitman Co., Wash.

#

Extracted vs. Comb Honey for the Masses

BY U. .\. 8J1ITH

FROM time to time wo find set forth in \he different bee-
papers the way in which some one has successfully dis-
posed of his season's crop of honey. Why should this bo
such a perplexing problem in some localities ? The miller has
no trouble selling his flour, or the butcher his meat. Why,
then, does honey not meet with the same demand ?

I think I have found the reason, at least in this locality.

Honey is considered an expensive luxury, and I believe
the little one-pound section, which is composed partly of indi-
gestible wax and wood, to be at the bottom of the trouble.

To talk honey up to the public brings before their mind's
eye a neat little square of white c{)mb honey, which is cer-
tainly very tempting, but the cost prevents them from invest-
ing in more than a few sections. These are not the conditions
which are going to get a crop of honey off our hands.

Well, then, why not alter these conditions ? Produce less
of those nice, tempting supposed-to-be pounds of honey, and
give the people something far easier to digest, and something
a great deal easier to buy, and more for their money.

Some one may suggest dropping the price of section honey
to overcome the evil. We are not getting any too much for
our section honey now, considering the price of sections, foun-
dation, separators, shipping-cases, etc. We can not afford to
sell it any cheaper, and if the price of materials goes up
any further, the price of section honey must go up also.

We found out long ago that wax does not digest, and no
doubt in many instances the supposed indigestible honey, but
really the wax has prejudiced many against honey.

As I said before, when one buys a section of honey he very
seldom gets the full pound, and even then a large portion is
taken up by the useless wood and harmful wax. On the other
hand, when buying extracted honey, one gets his full pound
of honey, with no indigestible element, and for at least 5 cents
a pound cheaper than comb honey.

I believe before we can educate the public to treat honey
as a cheap and wholesome article of food, bee-keepers will
have to leave the comb where it belongs — with the bees.

Ontario, Canada.

#

Sulphur vs. Bisulphide of Carbon for Fumi-
t2Xmi Empty Combs

HY F. OREIXEK

IT requires a great deal of watchfulness to summer over a
lot of combs without being damaged by wax-moth. It is
not the large wax-moth which is so troublesome, but the
larvto of a very small, silvery moth which puts in her work.
There is also another dark-colored, almost shiny little larva
or caterpillar ; it has a fuzzy garment on, so it seems, and
often molts, judging from th(> skins accumulating. Neither
one of these pests tunnels through the combs, as the large
wax-moth larva does, but lives more on the surface and in the
cells, and destroys the combs, although not as rapidly as the
large moth. It is taxing my vigilance to keep the upper hand
of them, and the 60 sets of combs, not used this year on ac-
count of the poor season, have to be gone over every little
while.

Sulphur fumes will rid us of these pests, but have to be
applied from time to time during the warm season. Instead
of the burning of sulphur, bisulphide of carton has been
recommended by a number of bee-keepers of late years. This
liquid drug, when it evaporates, forms a gas which is detri-
mental to all animal life. Ii is also very explosive;. It must
be handled with great care. Our C.orman bee-keepers warn
against its use on this account. I have experimetited some-
what with it, and have been successful irtjridding my fields
from woodchucks, but not my combs from the molh-larv:o, etc.
Probably I did not use enough of the stuff to kill.

696

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. S, 1905

Some one has recently advised usin;^ one ounce of bisul-
phide of carbon to every cubic foot. I have never bought this
drug by the barrel ; but in small quantities it has cost me 35
cents per pound bottle. At the rate of one ounce per cubic
foot, 1 would have had to buy about six bottles, at a cost of
about $2.00, to fumigate once. Ten cents' worth of sulphur
made a sure thing of the job, and the risk of fire is no more
than in the case of bisulphide of carbon. To use the latter is
very handy, and I began to think I would use it more exten-
sively on that account, but when I found that 1^ ounces of
it was not sufficient to kill the moth-larv;f in a stack of five
sots of combs, I made up my mind that sulphur was enough
cheaper, and better, to pay for the extra trouble.

In reality, the trouble with the sulphur is not so verx
reat, either. It is not at all necessary — es Mr. Fiace
thought it was — to place the combs oi-er the burning sulpuur.
It has always been my practice to burn the sulphur on top of
the stacks of combs or comb honey. It is surprising how
quickly the sulphur fumes will drop clean down to the bottom
of the stack, no matter how high this is, and force themselves
through all the cracks and crevices. Neither the combs nor
the comb honey has to be moved. All that is necessary is to
place an empty hive-body on top of a stack, and inside of this
put a suitable dish with live coals of fire ; upon this is thrown
a handful of sulphur, when the whole is covered up tight with
a hive-cover. This has been my way ever since 1 Kept bees.

The quantity of sulphur necessary will soon be found out
by practice. Two and one-half ounces is sulficient for five
sets of combs — perhaps less would do. In fact, for fumigating
comb honey this is too much, and would leave a green deposit
on the surface of the comb as well as the wood of the section.
One and one-half ounces is about what I use with 10 comb-
honey supers, each of 2\ sections.

The green discoloration of section honey by a too liberal
use of sulphur must be avoided, as it impairs the looks of the
product. Honey left on the hives till September needs no
fumigating. It is the early honey removed from the hives in
.luly which suffers, if any. This should be treated even where
Italian bees predominate. It is safer. I have seen fine comb
honey exhibited at Fairs with perforated cappings because
this matter had not been attended to. Ontario Co., N. Y.

Quality in Honey, then Quantity

BY GRANT STANLEY

THE production of honey of good quality is a feature of
bee-keeping that requires considerable thought. In read-
ing the various bee-papers from tiaie to time, as well as
having had personal conversations with several bee-keepers, I
am about led to believe that the bee-keeper himself needs con-
siderable educating on this subject as well as the public. If
we can get bee-keepers as much interested in the matter
of quality as they seem to be in quantity, we will in all prob-
ability hear less about inferior honey.

Now, while it is true that we are trying to induce, or
rather educate, the public to know more about honey, endeav-
oring to make it a staple article rather than a mere luxury, it
is equally true that we must place before the public an article
even above suspicion, an article of as uniform quality as is
possible to got. We must do this if we expect to create the
demand our product warrants. It is certainly all wrong to
try to educate the public to use an article of inferior quality.
Now let us look at the producers of any commodity, for in"
stance. They simply exhaust every effort in the matter of
quality, knowing very well that if they can place an article
on the market of the highest quality, that the demand will
rapidly increase, and eventually a great deal more be con-
sumed. In exactly this manner many small undertakings
have grown to very large proportions.

I am afraid that too many bee-keepers are too anxious to
run the extractor, and as a result much honev is being ex-
tracted before it is sealed by the bees. Yes, and possibly
some of it scarcely has been in the combs more than a few
hours. The Hasty Afterthinker has recently said in these
columns that, "One of the worst things in connection with
our craft is the widespread disposition to stretch terms and
provisoes, and extract honey in "a dreadfully unfit condition."
If we will exhaust our best efforts in catering to the people's
wants in connection with an article of undoubtful quality, I
see no reason whatever that honey would not become, as it
should be, a staple article of the world.

Don't forget qualily, and you will find it will pav, and
pay well. Lycoming Co., Pa.

^

Procccbtngs

J

Report of the Chlcago-Northwesteru Bee-Keep-
ers' Coaventlou, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from page 681 J
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.

Mr. Abbott — This whole question hinges on how the dis-
ease gets into the animal. We lose sight of that sometimes.
Take for instance some germ diseases that are communicated
to human beings, such as tuberculosis in which the germ
that produces that must find a lesion some place. If there
is a lesion on the outside of the body in some of the glands
and it lodges there it will take root and produce the disease,
so that you have tuberculosis of the different organs. It is
not always in the lungs. A great many people die of con-
sumption that never had anything the matter with their lungs ;
that is, from tuberculosis. As I understand, the develop-
ment of the germ of foul brood is only in the larva. In
what way does the germ get into the larva? Does it get
into it by contact and communicate itself by coming in
contact with the larva, or is it taken in by the alimentary
canal? There are some diseases that the human family get
that are taken in by the water they drink, such as typhoid
fever, and must be taken in in that way ; they cannot be
communicated by coming in contact with a gland, but they
must come in contact with the inside of the human body
somewhere along the alimentary canal, mostly in the lower
bowels in typhoid fever. Now, then, if foul brood is a de-
velopment in the larva, in the alimentary canal, and it can
only be communicated by passing in in that way and coming
in contact with certain portions of the larva, then it must
be something that the larva will eat, to have the disease
communicated. The larva does not eat anything but honey,
or the thing that might be mixed in the honey. Now, what-
ever does not mi.x with the food of the larva cannot carry
the disease, as I understand it. So that the question is.
What condition of things must exist in order that this
germ be in the stufif that is fed to the larva? Because the
germ is harmless in honey, is harmless every place so far
as the disease is concerned, except it is in the alimentary canal
of the larva ; and if there is not some way by whicli it
gets in there, it is as harmless as a chunk of sand, as I
understand it. It only gets in through the feed, and they
only feed bees honey, and the hive may be covered with the
germs and not affect it in the least.

Mr. Dadant — I think Mr. Abbott was asking me the
question. I think he is very correct in that matter, and
the fact is, I was about to rise to make the same sugges-
tion, with this addition, that it is stated by authorities that
formic acid, which is the constituent of the poison of the
bees, is an antidote for foul brood, and that would explain
why the bees never have foul brood and never suffer from it.
The bee carries its necessary antidote with it. It is quite
likely that the disease could only be transferred to the larva
by or through the honey, or through other larvae which, of
course, would pass it to the bee, and the bee pass it back
to the larva in feeding. It seems to me that is very con-
clusive'. At the same time, if there are any germs at all
in the hive, and they can be passed at all so as to be fed
to the larvae, it will promote it.

Mr. Wheeler — You know if you put a clean super on
a hive of old combs and the bees go to work there, they will
drag from those old combs out onto the new comb and
will color them. Now isn't it possible for the bees to travel
from the bottom-board around this bad brood and drop those
bad spores? Such questions as that are of vital importance,
and I think a little of the money that is raised ought to
be used for investigation, not entirely for going around and
doing this business. While I think you know all these points,
some man ought to be hired and paid for his time. It is
either yes or no : they either give that disease in that way
or they don't, and some man ought to be able to find it out.

Mr. .Swift — I think the bee-keepers will find the treat-
ment of foul brood is something like the practice of medicine.

Oct. 5, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

697

What was first-class practice 2J years ago is bad to-day. and \
it is only by experiinenting and testing that we wdl ever
get at the right thing. There is no question— I found a
doctor here just the other day who told nie that operations
that were frequent two years ago are condemned to-day Ijy
the bulk of the profession, that is. by the advanced profes-
sion, and yet they were the popular and proper thing two
year's ago. It may be the same thing in regard to foul brood.
Tentative work is the only thing.

Mr. Root— Mr. Abbott has struck the key-note, it seems
to me, as to how foul brood is transmitted. If we take Mr.
McEvov's experience, and the experience of foul-brood in-
spectors, it does not seem to be transmitted by the hive ex-
cept through the honey, and if this theory is correct it solves
nearly all the trouble. The danger lies in shaking the combs
and using them over again, because in shaking the combs you
may shake the honey onto the hives.

Mr. Wilcox — I am not going to shed any light on the
subject, but I wanted to finish the thought presented by
Mr. Wheeler. He said we should spend some of this money
for investigation. So far as I am concerned, and many others,
we came here for that very purpose, to investigate. I didn't
know where to go to find men better informed on the subject.
I don't know how to conduct an examination or investigation
that would be more satisfactory than to be at a convention
with such men as we have here. If we cannot learn it from
the combined wisdom of the best bee-keepers in the country,
I don't know where to find it. That is the way to spend
the money.

Pres. York — I think Mr. Wheeler meant that we should
have scientific investigation by scientific men.

Mr. Moore — I want to take exception to Mr. Wheeler's
remarks. He says we must not go ahead with this thing
until we know exactly where we stand. That would apply
to everything in the world. We must not try to keep bees
until we know all about it. How do we learn except by
starting and using the things we know? The idea that we
should not try till we know- all about it is all bosh. Where
would our medical profession have been on that basis? Mr.
Wheeler says the bees will take these germs and scatter them
all around, and then those foul-brood germs will get every-
where. Dr. Howard gives the answ-er to that. By exposing
foul-brood germs to light, air and dust they die. We know
that light and air and dust are present evervwhere. .-Vsk
your wife, if you don't believe it. And those foul-bmod
germs scattered anywhere are exposed to light and air and
dust, and that is fatal to them. Some more scientific man
than myself can tell you how soon. Two of our members
have said that which is an insult to our intelligence, and to
inspectors everywhere; they say we are going to favor cer-
tain parties; that we are going to be prejudiced; that we are
not going to do right. Every man who has ever gone around
inspecting bees knows that is not true. We are meeting
everybody, and I tell you we are hunrtin ; we w-ant people
to like us; we want to be popular, and the w'ay to do that
is to do right, and to be just, and honest, and help our
brothers where we are right.

Dr. Miller — How can you favor?

Mr. Kimniej — By skipping foul Iirood and savinc; it is
not foul brood.

Dr. Miller— Suppose you do skip a man. would vim f;i\. ir
that man by doing it?

Mr. Kimmey — Of course you wouldn't.
Mr. Wheeler — I was misquoted, or misunderstood, I
didn't say it was best to do nothing tilTwe foiuid out e\tiv-
thing. That is a misstatement. I .don't mean that. I didii't
say anything of the kind. I believe all such investigations
are good, but I believe there is no use going to an extreme
in the matter, and doing things that are unwarranted, until
we have good ground.

Mr. Reynolds — I will relate my txperience in that reaard
Mr. Moore came to my place last July about 20 minute- to
32, and asked how my bees were getting along, and I t'llil
him pretty fairly. He said. "Have you any trouble- I
said. "Yes, with one hive; it is marked there. He said, Lii^ht
the smoker and we will go and see it." We lit the siuok. r,
and just then my wife put her head out of the door and ^.nd
dinner was ready, so we went and had dinner. That was the
end of it. .\ neighbor of mine acknowledges that his apiary
is rotten with foul brood, but a short distance from me;
he hasn't the money to clean it up. I sent Mr. Moore to
somebody else whose apiary was fairly rotten with it, .-'.iid
he left orders there as to what was to be done. The i ■!!
came to me to ask me to help him out> and I told 1 '

didn't like to go there amongst his bees for fear I would
carrv it home, Mr. Moore said to me he would be glad to
put 'in a few days more if he only got his expenses. 1 told
him to write to him and get his address. This man is worth
over $.M),000 and would gladly pay to have it done. He wrote
to Mr Moore and the letter never came back, and Mr Moore
has never answered. I was there nine tunes trying to get
that man to do it. His wife said to me he would be fined
if he didn't have this done, bv the State. After that I could
do nothing. The bees are all hanging in five frames m soap-
boxes to-day. . . , • 1 ,
Mr Moore— I had no appropriation for answering let-
ters, but I paid the postage and answered every letter as far
as I know. It was wholly unintentional if anybody was
neglected. I answered a number of inquiries w-here I couldn t

personally go. , , • r .■ j ai,

Mr. Smith— I will just say for the information of -Mr.
Wheeler, that there is now in Washington a scientific process.
Mr France is on his way there with foul brood, and the
best scientists in the United States are trying to solve that
problem and it is better than we inspectors can do, and
we expect information from there that will be nublishcd in
all the bee-papers.

Mr Moore— I feel very deeply in this matter, to state
that any man who goes abroad and tries to help the bee-
keepers ought to go for two vears to the Agricultural Col-
lege at Champaign and take a regular scientific course in
entomology and microscopy. That ought to be done, ihe
question is, Who is going to pay for it? I was appointed
by the chief inspector, Mr. Smith, as deputy inspector. In
the pursuit of my duties I spent 33 days calling on bee-
keepers within my reach, I followed a totally different
scheme from my chief, Mr Smith. He gave me no instruc-
tions as to what I should do. So I took the addresses that
I had of the members of our .Association, and there is some-
thing like 300, and attempted to call on everybody. It was
published in the American Bee Journal, and we tried to ad--
vertise to every one that we would go and see whoever called
for us within say 20 miles of Chicago. But we got no re-
sponses. I think there was one or tw^o who wrote to me,
suggesting that they would like a visit. I called in, on my
own plan and out of 135 apiaries I found about 25 diseased.
Now you see, if I had attempted simply to go where there
were' complaints I would have had two out of 25, I found
23 diseased apiaries by dint of calling on everybody and
examining the hives in the apiary that seemed to show disease
or weakness. ,

Dr. Miller— How many of those 23 knew before you
called that their bees had foul brood?

Mr Moore— Not to exceed two or three. I would have
to guess at that. Thev knew that the bees had not done as
welt as they did some time before, and they had not gotten
any honey from that hive or from other hives, but that they
had this awful disease that we understand as foul brood, they
didn't know. . .

Mr. Dadant— Were they foul-broody m every case .' ^

Mr Moore— You understand it is a great deal easier to
ask questions than answer them. I myself had about 3d
colonies and lost practically the whole thing with foul brood.
I had no experience with it, and it got into a dreadful state
before I knew it was foul brood; and I didn t go at it in the
scientific way that Mr. McEvoy and Mr. France teach, and
that we all practice nowadays, and the result was I lost the
whole thing I found foul brood in quite a number of dif-
ferent stages in the hives. I saw foul brood, as I say, in
those 25 apiaries, which would mean 75 to 100 colonies af-
fected; and after a while one gets the idea in his head, and
I am satisfied now that I know foul brood when I see it.
It is not necessary to smell anything at all to find foul brood.
The expression has been used that one who cannot tell foul
brood in his hives when he smells it is not competent to treat
the disease. I believe that is true, because you can see foul
brood with your eyes a long time before you will smell it at
all, a good sunlight helping you. That shows to me that
the disease is much more widely distributed than any one has
an idea. I believe the only w.iy to do these things is to
make a clean sweep of them. With infectioiis diseases we
make laws to protect the public and we don t care a snap
of the finger for the individual who is injured, as long as the
welfare of the entire people is at stake. Some laws are made
paying injured individuals for the loss of their goods, such
as cattle and some other things, but as far as I know there
is no law in the United States compensating any bee-keeper
for the loss of his bees. Now. the reason has occurred to

698

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 5, 1905

nie why. Under our accepted treatments— we call it the
..^cEvoy treatment — you can save your bees in a great many
cases. If you go to the Legislature and say, "We can save
our bees, but there is a big loss there, and we want to pay
the bee-keepers for it." they won't understand it. If you save
your hives and bees they can't see where there is much loss
at all : and the duty of the inspector is to help you, and give
you a money value, of course, in helping you to eradicate
the disease and to save your bees and hives. Consequently,
they would not give any compensating clause in any law to
that effect. I made a minute of every case, and I can tell
you the names, number of colonies they have, and the number
of hives infected, and what I said. It would take a month
if I would attempt to cover that ground.

Pres. York — Did the foul-brood inspector visit all the
bee-keepe'rs in this (Cook) County?

Mr. jMoore — Not by any means. In Cook County we
have from 3.50 to 400 bee-keepers, and my total visits were
125 or 135 calls.

Mr. Wheeler — Did you do any work in helping to get
rid of the disease?

Mr. Moore — I did- everything that was possible. Where
there was an opening I made appointments and went back
on other days and helped them cure the disease. I spent m
some cases half a day with individuals to see the thing was
done properly. I am green along side of these people who
have made a life study of it; I feel as if I were in the ABC
class. I don't want any one to gef the idea that I think I
am an authority on this subject, but I want to contribute
my information for the general good. The people all over
our State are not competent to treat it any more than they
are competent to treat a case of diphtheria or typhoid fever,

Mr. Wilco.x — How much is a diseased colony damaged
by treatment?

Mr. Moore — Every day it is without any treatment?

Mr. Kimmey — Yes, of course.

Mr. Moore — I say it is not damaged one cent's worth.

Mr. Wilco-N: — How much do you have to treat those which
are not diseased?

Mr. Moore — I don't like to answer these questions be-
cause it means more experience than I have had, but I give
my opinion. I go to a man's apiary and he has 20 or 30
colonies. How am I to tell which is diseased? We usually
go from May to September. At that time of the year the
colonies are prosperous if they ever are. We walk up and
down the rows of bee-hives and we talk to the owner and
say, "Now. which colony has not been prosperous?" He says,
"This one." We open that hive. Something is the matter
with tliat colony : it may be queenless, it may be entirely
"dead, or it may be nearly dead with foul brood ; and with
or without smoke we open it. Almost at a glance, when you
get a frame out from the middle of the brood-nest you can
tell what you have got. If he suggests this or that hive we
always open that. If you are not satisfied with what he sug-
gests, say, "All right, I will look around a little." You open
one, two or three hives and you have a general view of the
situation. When he has 10, 20 or 30 colonies we don't at-
tempt for a moment to go through them all.

Mr. Wilco.x — You treat them all whether they are foul-
broody or not?

i\'Ir. Moore — Under our law we have no power to treat
at all; we have simply to give advice. If they allow us to
treat we are glad to do so.

Mr. Wilcox — What I want to find out is whether tliere
are any damages to be paid for it?

Mr. Moore — Whether there ought to be a lawgiving dam-
ages to the bee-keeper? There should not, in my judgment.
(Continued next week.)

Conducted by Em.ma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Getting Unflnished Sections Cleaned
Out

You will have some sections that are only
partly ailed. Don't think of keeping ihem as
they are, lo be filled by the bees another year.
Even if only a few drops of honey are in them,
ihey must be cleaned out thoroughly. Those
few drops will granulate and affect the new
honey that the bees put in. You must man-
age to have the bees empty out this fall— the
sooner the better — every last vestige of honey.
A good way is to pile up the .sections where
the bees can get at them, covering them up
close against the entrance of the bees except
a little entrance that will allow only one bee
to pass at a time. If the bees have full sweep
at them, they will pounce upon them in great
clusters, and the combs will be torn all to
pieces. Not more than 5 to 10 supers should
be in a pile. The piles should be where they
ate sheltered from the rain, and left for some
<lays, until the bees cease visiting them en-
tirely.

Honey Fpeekle-Cure

'' A good freckle cure is the following: Eight
ounces of extracted honey, 2 ounces of glyc-
erin, 2 ounces of alcohol, (i drams of citric
acid, 15 drops of the essence of ambereris —
"The Woman Beautiful," in Chicago Record-
Herald.

work, the sections are still left on with the
thought that no harm will come of leaving
them, and so they are left in some cases till
November.

Those sections, however, are not just as
well on the hive as off. When the bees stop
storing in them they are likely very soon to
begin carrying down honey out of them to till
up the cells left empty "by the young bees
hatching out. First, the unsealed cells will
be emptied, and a section with a few un-
sealed cells looks a good deal better with
those cells filled than to have them empty. If
the sections are left on long enough, the bees
will begin the work of uncapping.

But carrying down the honey isn't the worst
of it, for the honey thus carried down will
be a good thing in the brood-chamber, and
the emptied sections can be used to advantage
another year, provided they are properly
cleaned out. The more serious matttr is the
glue. At the close of the honey season the
bees do a land office business at gluing, and
Ihecappings and the edges of the unsealed
cells are varnished over with a thin coat of
glue — sometimes a rather thick coat. It a
section contains foundation that is very little
drawn out, or not at all drawn out. it is some-
times so badly glued the bees will utterly re-
fuse to use it another year.

Get those sections off.

Don't Leave Sections On the Hive

Some of the sisters who are new in the
business will doubtless nifike the mistake of
U-iiving sections on the hive long after the
time they should be olt. In the first place
they are left on in the hope that the bees will
<lo some storing in them, and then when pos-
sibly it is seen that the bees are doing no more

the comb. It would be interesting to know
whether any of the rest of the sisters have
found the same experience. If so, they will
be likely to say that they can scrape and pack
two oases of the old kind as quickly as one of
the plain. The more careful handling neces-
sary makes the work slower. Then, too,
one's feelings count for something, and it's a
more nervous job to handle the plain sections.
One must also be just a little more careful
in setting down a plain section or it will top-
ple over — not a very serious matter with the
square sections, but quite noticeable with the
tall ones.

Objections to the Plain Sections

More Lightning-Bug Talk

It any of the sisters who are doing editorial
work undertake to introduce anything about
bees, they will do well to submit it first to
some one who has a little information in that
line. Mrs. Lena Blinn Lewis edits the depart-
ment "Our Young People,'' in the Union
Gospel News, and she is no doubt an excel-
lent woman of veracity in other things, but
here's what she tells her young people about
bees:

" A bee that works only at night is found
in the jungles of India. It is an unusually
large insect. The combs are often 6 feet long,
and from 4 to 6 Inches thick."

Whatever advantages there may be in plain
sections, an experience in putting up a few
cases of them has emphasized an objection
not generally mentioned in print. A woman
who was helping expressed it somewhat
quaintly by ^aying, "You run your finger
into 'em too quick." By that she meant that
great care must be taken or the delicate comb
will be damaged in handling, because there is
so little of the wood at the edges to protect

lA Pretty Girl and the Honey-Bee

It is as natural for a girl to make herself
pretty as it is for a bee to gather honey. Who
would stop either in so sweet an occupation '.
— Mme. Qui Vive, in Chicago Record-Herald.

In accord with the general rule of proceed-
ing from the known to the unknown, it might
be better to say : It is as natural for a bee to
gather honey as it is for a girl lo make herself
pretty.

Maeterlinck's " Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, SI. 40; or with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year— both tor $2.00, iis long as the
books last. It is a cloth-bound book, and has
427 pages.

Oct, 5, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

699

/T

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Illn ^asty 5 aftcrtl^ougl^ts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New nnd Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

J

Apiccltdbal akd Other Contradictions.

To the man who is so very indignant about
apicultural contradictions I would say, peo-
ple disagree about everything txapt the things
Iheij flvn^l t'an nnythhiij abuitt. flow about
religion; do they agree about that? How
about politics; do they agree about that; If
it comes to that, how about farming; do they
agree about that? And editing — we have the
editor who writes the whole journal himself,
and the editor who never writes a line, and
all grades between. Page 597.

The "National Biscuit" Stort.

Don't more than half believe that TO-car-
loads-of-boney slory. Pounds, say 5,600,000.
Would swallow up the product of 560 apiaries
producing 5 tons each to fill one order. Where
were the whole of us while 560 of us were
being scooped? Page 59".

Liberating thb Qceen Througe Candt.

Bees may gnaw through candy and get at a
queen too soon. With cardboard over the
candy you run heavy risks of having the
queen not liberated at all. Seems to me that
a thin bit of very soft woolen goods would be
the right thing to put over candy. Bees
would never let it alone, and it would delay
them quite a bit. Page 597.

Bee-Paralysis— Foul and Pickled Brood.

The long and semi-scientific article of
Adrian (ietaz deserves well of a critic— but
(laws have it in their nature that they draw
more attention than merits. Valuable fact to
remember (it we could be sure of it) that the
Uiu'iVtDi (iaytoni of paralysis is smaller than
the JJ'iril/iis (lire! of foul brood. Alas, the
figures on page .599 feem to have gone insane
somehow or other! As given they make
Bnrllhis ,ilrii' forty times as long as it is
ihick — amazingly thread-like — and causing us
to wonder why no one ever told us that be-
fore. .My previous idea of the creature is
more like jour limes as long as it is thick.
And BariUits Gaytuni more than four times
as thick as it is long I Too badly out of
shape for belief. Science aud its eouclusions
are good things; but they sbould nut be swal-
lowed whole, not even by tbe unscientific
seeker after the facts. Science about foul
brood needs more verificaiioQ, and is in a
badly mi.xed up state. It is hardly in oondi-
,tion to say, " That isan error,'' if a muliitude
of practical persons engaged in practical
work find that adult bees appear perfectly
teallhy in foul-broody hive,". I would sug-
gest that Mr. Getaz give us the alleged micro-
scopic observations without fibxoliite conclu-
sions therefrom.

I regard the Geiaz experiment on a bad case
of paralysis as valuable. Kequeening wiih a
young, healthy queen saved the colony for
the time being, and resulitd in ail old, dis-
eased bees being driven out soon after; but
the new generations of bees still had some of
the disease among them The conclusion that
requeening is not a sure cure, but always an
improvement, seems justified. Presumably
tbe infection is in the hive all the time, and
not a day passes without many individuals
contracting it. That a very subtile and per-
vasive infection is best fought with vapor,
seems reasonable; and we may take at least
with decided interest the conclusion that the
vapor of camphor is the best thing we have at
present. Curious that bees make such haste
to propolize camphor, and cover it up inside
of 24 hours. (Hardly do that if they couldn't
smell it.) The propolizing diHiculty ought
not to be very hard to overcome. Say put
the camphor in a large queen cage, and shift
from one cage to another occasionally. Still
Mr. lietaz may be right, that the best way is

to put it in after the weather forbids much
daubing of propolis.

Perhaps the section on pickled brood is the
most valuable one in the article. Many of us
have no experience with pickled brood — and
a good many know nothing of it either by
experience or any other way. According to
our writer the disease is unique in that brood-
rearing .^tops. Hive gets " empty, swept and

garnished " like the Soul in the parable.
Queen lays no more. And on the introduc-
tion of a healthy, laying queen no attention
is paid to tbe eggs she lays. They just stay
in .\liitu i/iiii till in S or 10 days they disappear.
Queen herself soon disappears it the original
one is left. Evidently it is a pretty strenuous
sort of plague that these words describe. A
bacterial disease brought in with the pollen,
which is its first nidus. But if only a little is
brought in I suppose we may expect partial
results — some dead and some healthy brood in
the hive at the same time, and recovery. At
least I think many cases have been reported
in print which were not fatal.

That brood may simply starve sometimes
by the hive getting so hot, and keeping so
hot continuously, that the nurses stay away
froin their duty, is an important suggestion
to be kept and tested. Pages 598-601.

iT

Doctor Itlillcr s ^ucsttouBox

=\

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Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does twt answer Questions by mail.

=J

Too Late to Divide Colonies

I have several 2 story 10-frame hives that
are so full of bees that they lie out consid-
erably of late. Now I want increase. Which
is the better, to divide now or wait until
spring? I will have to buy queens. Will
they have plenty of honey?

I had one swarm from 28 colonies, spring
count, and an average of about 75 pounds of
extracted honey per colony. Missouri.

Answer,— It will likely be better to wait
till spring. Less risk about wintering.

TremMing Queen— Nucleus Manage-
ment

I have li nuclei with queens hatched from
cells that I gave them Aug. 23. But I don't
see any eggs. One of the queens appeared to
be trembling very much, and not able to get
around well, remaining about the same place
on some sealed brood that I had placed in the
hive. She appeared to be slighted by the
workers. At this time of year I suppose it
possible that the queens may not mate. If
so, do you thinic they will be of any service
tome? Tbey all look well except tbe trem-
bling of the one. What would you do under
the circumstances? I am anxious to save
them. Oregon.

Answer. —That trembling queen is pretty
certainly no good. To each of the other
nuclei I'd give a frame with unsealed brood.
If no eggs were present a week later, I'd unite
them with some colony. There is a possibility
tbe queens might be all right next spring, but
not a probability.

take off the supers any time after Sept. 15,
and compel the bees to work in the brood-
chamber, will it have any bad effects?

3. A neighbor had a swarm issue Aug. 20.
How late in the season have you ever had
swarms issue;

4. My colonies are very strong. Is there
any danger of swarming after Sept. 1, espe-
cially if I take off the supers and crowd tbe
bees all down into the brood-chamber?

Indiana.

Answers. — 1. They might be pure red
clover queens without being pure Italians,
but of cour.se they should be pure Italians it
they were sold as pure Italians. A difference
as to tinge of yellow would not condemn
them, the specification as to purity of Italian
blood being that the workers should have 3
yellow bands. Drones vary in their markings,
even when of pure blood.

2. There could be no bad effect unless the
queen were so cramped for room as to have
too few cells for brood, and there is not much
danger of that, for she is likely to be winding
up the laying business anyhow. Of course
there is a possibility that the crowding might
go so far that there would be no room to con-
tain all the honey; in which case it would be
a nice thing to take out a full frame and re-
place it with an empty one.

3. I've had them in September.

4. Yes. there's always danger that bees will
do tome fool thing in the way of swarming,
but the very strong ones are not so likely to
swarm as some weak one that has reared a
young queen. Crowding now is not likely to
produce swarming.

Red Clover Bees— Late Swarming

1. Last .July 1 introduced 7 red clover
queens. Tbe progeny of these queens varies
somewhat from a 'hill yellow of 3 bands to a
real bright goldi?ii yellow of 3 bands, and in
the latter case the 5ellow on the underside of
tbe abdomen cvifuds clear back to the tip.
Should the ))rot,'tiiy c f these queens all be^.r-
'(1-^/// alike as an indication of purity? The
drones also vaiy from a slight iadieation of
yellow to a bright orange yellow, showing in
2 or :t bands, t^lmuld the drones all be marked
iiiirthj alike: I'htse beesall seem to be regu-
lar hustlers, liul i am pleased with them, but
at the same tune I would like to have them
pure Italians

2. My beev- are now putting in vigorous
work on gok!i-n! ! and other autumn bloom
(of which th. !• i- profusion here), and are
storing quite a -jud deal in the supers. If I

Wood Splints vs. Wired Frames-
Changing from 9 to 8 Frames

lam now getting frames leaiy for next
year's extracting and increase.

1. Will the wood splints, to which you so
often refer, lake the place of horizontal wir-
ing of frames, when the latter are to be used
for extracted honey? In other words, are
splints as strong as wire when used in this
way;

2. .Vly hive Is a 9-frame one, i. e, takes 9
loose banging standard Langstroth frames
without a dummy. The frames are '« inch
wide; bollom and end bars the same widih.
As propolis is freely gathered here in July
and August, would you advise me to change
to a nail-spaced frame such as yours by reduc-
ing the uumiier to S, and using a dummy — for
extracted honey?

3. My present combs are all built on wired
frames. Would cutting the combs out and
placing them in new, unwired frames after

700

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 5. 1905

your pattern make them liable to break away
when extracting? Quebec.

Answers.— 1. I don't know. When fresh
put in, it seems the wiring ought to be
Btronger, for the wire is fastened to the wood,
and the splints are not. Yet with ordinary
wiring there is no fastening of the comb to
the bottom-bar, and with the splints the foun-
dation is fastened to the bottom-bar ae
securely as to the top-bar ; so there may be no
difference after all.

2. For a brood-chamber I would most
strongly advise changing from loose-hanging
frames to the Miller frame, no matter how
plenty propolis might be. As to extracting-
oombs, I dont know. The wider frame will
be more in the way of the uncapping-knife.
Some say the nails are too much in the way
of the uncappmg-knife. I don't think they
are; but then I have tried them in the ex-
tractor only on an exceedingly small scale;
so I can't be certain. There being only two
nails on each side, and those two being at one
end of the frame, makes it quite a different
affair from what It would be if the nails were
at each end on the same side. Even if the
nails should be in the way of the knife, you
could get around that difficulty by using a
little cylinder of wood I4 inch long, and the
same or less in diameter, driving the nail
through this so as to have it serve as the
head of the nail. It could not hurt the knife
to strike this wooden nail-head. I have tried
a very few such spacers.

3. I have transferred into Miller frames
from wired frames by the hundred, and in a
little while the bees seem to have the combs
as solid as if they had been built there.

Perhaps Defective Eggs

A queen hatched July 17, 1905, and was
laying .luly. 26 when I clipped her wing. She
was a very big, yellow queen. August 5 there
was not a larva in the hive, but 3 frames well
filled with eggs. Then I gave her 1 frame of
honey and 2 frames of brood and bees. August
12 there was no larvs except in the frames I
gave her Aug. 5. Then I gave her another
frame of brood, and so I did every week up to
Sept. 16, when I killed her; but not one of
her eggs had hatched. Whatever brood or
eggs I gave her from other colonies was all
right. When I gave her eggs to a queenless
colony the bees kept them a few days and
then disposed of them. The eggs were the
same in appearance as any other eggs. What
is your opinion of this? Massachusetts

Answer.— I have read of very few such
cases, and had justonecase in my own experi-
ence. It could hardly be any defect in the
fertilization of the eggs, for in that case they
would have produced drones, so the only ex-
planation seems to be that in some way the
eggs themselves were defective.

Superseding Queens fiy Exchanging
Brood

When I wrote you about the plan of re-
queening by killing the poor queen and
changing her brood for brood of the best
queen, I had an idea that, although the plan
involved some trouble, jet I felt that with
this exchange the work was ended and results
bure, barring the possibility that the queen
reared might not return 10 the hive from her
wedding (light. It was to save the cost and
possible loss of queens in introducing that I
adopted the plan. It may be thai some work
could be saved by having sealed queen-cells
ready at the time the old queen is killed, but
I had but few swarms, and but few cells from
the swarming colonies, and did not care to
work any colonies specially for queen-ceils.
There is only a limited time in which this
plan I speak of can be practiced, and probably
it is best to have sealed cells or young queens
on hand at all other times when the poor
queens are removed.

This plan of changing brood is one I have
thought practicable from the time when the
developments of the season have proven which
are your infeiior queens up to the time when
there is danger that the young queens will

not produce enough young bees to insure safe
wintering.

I suppose that when you speak of giving a
sealed cell in an introducing-cage, you mean
giving it in the West cell-protector, or some-
thing similar. I am wholly unfamiliar with
the use of these protectors, but suppose they
are designed to prevent the bees from destroy-
ing the cells before the young queen emerges.
I have done almost all of my introducing by
thecaged-queen plan.

I believe there is a spiral cage used some-
times to nold the virgin queen in a hive until
given to a nucleus or otherwise disposed of.
You can tell me about this thing just as if I
were a little boy learning his a b c's.

Mr. Abbott's plan of introducing I think is
a very good one, but if therequeening is to be
done at the lime above indicated, I believe I
would rather requeen by exchanging brood.

lOWA.

Answer —(This refers to the " Flan of
Superseding Queens," page 603.) As you
have been trying the plan of killing the queen
and exchanging brood for that of superior
stock, I am wondering a little whether you
have not discovered another objection that I
did not mention on page 603; that is, that in
a good many cases the colony would swarm
iis soon ae the first virgin was sufficiently
mature, unless indeed you took the pains to
kill all cells but one

When I spoke of giving a cell in an intro-
ducing-cage, 1 meant an introducing-cage of
the same kind as used in introducing queens,
the Miller introducing-cage of the catalogs,
or something like it. There is something
about it that makes either a cell or a queen
safer in a cage than out of it, even if the bees
can pass freely in and out of the cage. It is
likely that a West cell-protector is just as
good for a cell, but it would not do for a vir-
gin or a laying queen, and these I have gen-
erally used. The West cell-protector covers
the cell so the bees can not tear it, all but the
point of the cell, with the understanding that
when the bees demolish a cell they attack it
on the side, and not at the point.

Please report fully what has been your ex-
perience with the plan of changing brood,
giving both the advantages and the disad-
vantages you have discovered.

Keeping Down Swarming

I now have 13 colonies in 8-frame dovetailed
hives, both black and Italian bees, and I don't
want to increase to more than 20 to 25 colo-
nies atany lime. Would it help to keep down
swarming if I used li>-frame dovetailed hivesi
Would it also cut down the amount of comb
honey in supers ascompared to 8 frame hives'
I run for comb honey only. We have both
white clover and basswood; also some golden-
rod and buckwheat in the fall, and quite a
few fall flowers in the woods and along the
river. Iowa.

Answer — With the same treatment you
would be likely to have less swarming with
the larger hive, and unless you gave special
attention to the 8-frame hives you wouldn't
be likely to get any more honey from them.

Bees on Platform -Weft- Worms In

Section Honey— Carnlolans and

Cyprians- Uniting Colonies

1. My bees are all on a platform where
there is much walking. Will that do any
harm?

2. Do the web-worms ever get in section
honey?

3. Where can I get pure Carniolan queens?
I got 2 last year and they had 3 gold bands.

4. Where can I get pure Cyprian queens? I
got 4 last year, and not one with the first
quality cif the Cyprian.

5. For a double-wall hive with dead air
space, will tin do as well for the inside walls
as wood? If not, why noli

6. What kind of perfume is sprinkled over
bees when uniting 2 colonies to make them of
the same odor? Virginia.

Answers.— 1. Probably not. Bees get used
to such things.
2. Yes, Indeed.

3. I know nothing about it beyond what is
to be seen in advertisements.

4. Again I can give no help beyond adver-
tisements. The Government imported some,
but I don't know that they are obtainable.

5. No; tin is a better conductor of heat
than wood.

li. Generally they are perfumed. I think
peppermint has been used, and anise, cloves,
(•r any other perfume might serve the same
purpose.

Sowing Alfalfa Clover Seed

What is the best time and method of sowing
alfalfa clover seed? Missouri.

Answer —In this part of the country the
time and method is the same as for red clover ;
but it is not cultivated here to a great extent,
and if there is anything different to be done
possibly some of our good friends who *' live
in clover" of the alfalfa stamp will tell us
more about it.

2lcport5 anb
(Sxpcrtcnccs

Asters and Snakeroot

What are the names of the flowers I send?

No. 1 grows in the river bottom. We call
it " frost flower " because the frost does not
kill it, and the bees work on it from the time
il begins blooming until it ceases. Ft lasts
about 4 weeks, or from Sept. 20 to Oct. 20,
and produces honey as while as snow.

No. 2 is a new flower here. It grows on
the uplands, and the bees work on it in the
alternonn; they get pollen. I would like to
know if it is a honey-plant also.

This has been a very bad year for the bees,
as they have done nothing. The weather
was too wet, and when it was not raining it
was too cold. There is no basswood or white
clover honey, and very little Spanish-needle,
but bees are working some now, as we are
having nice weather. Frank Hinderer.

Schuyler Co., 111., Sept. 24.

[Specimen No. 1 is known as the New York
aster. No. 2 is the white snakeroot, and No.
3 is the star aster. They are all good honey-
plants, and it they are abundant and the
weather favorable the bees should reap a good
harvest even yet. — C. L. Walton.]

Poorest Honey-YeaF In Kansas

Bees are collecting but little honey.-
Although heartsease is in full bloom, it seems
to yield but little nectar. Three crops of
alfnifa have bluora^d, but neither crop af-
fordtd much honey. The fourth crop is
nearly rrady 10 bloum. but late and cool as
the weather niuy be, but little honey is likely
to be had from it. This seems to be the poor-
est year for honey in the history of Kansas.

Rice Co , Kan.. Sept. 15. G. Bohrer.

Mallow— Sage Knotwood — Smapt-
weed— Marigold

I send 5 plants that I would like to have
Prof. Walton name for me, and tell whether
they are all honey-plauts

Honey is scarce here. It is almost too late
for a fall tlow now. ANTO.s G. Anderson.

Johnson Co. Mo . Sept. 14.

[Specimen No. 1 is the sand mallow, and so
far as I know is not a good honey-plant.
Some of the mallows are honey-plants, and if
the bees work on this variety they are surely
after something worth while.

No. 2 is the narrow-leaved sage, and is a
i good honey-plant. It belongs to the famous

Oct. 5 I"' S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

701

Mondeng Automatic

Honey-Box Machine

Capacity, 7,500 per hour,
(The above cut shows the machine operated by one man.)

Selt-feed iiang Circular $■)»-««-!«, and Ituiible l>runi ii^anilers tliat
poli»<li both side»« at onc-e.

1^^" No manufacturer can afford to be without these machines.

I'^all line of'Section Machinery lor sale. Write for circulars and prices. Address

CHAS. MONDENG, Patentee,
160 Newton Avenue, North, - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

40Clf Mention Bet- Joiirniil when ^vritiii;^.

ti' 9JB9.C To oi g mojj ^sb| pay

I^ETS

5: .=a -, ^

Pal 'a 1879, 'Si, 'ui & luua

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everythioK- in
th^ smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

Meution Bee Joiirnul -when 'nritlng:.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

If you are interested in Pigeons. Rabbits,
Cavies, Dogs, Cats, Birds or Pets of any kind,
you should send for a tree sample of
I»I:T SrOCK. it's Ilie Ue»t Pub-
lication of its kind in America.
Has a national circulation, and it's only .50c
a year. Address, ■•ET STOCK,

40Ctf Box 20, YORK, PA.

Mention Hoc .loiirnal «lieu Avritin!;.

BKE-KKBPBRS' SUPPMBS.

We are now able to quote lower prices than ever
before HlEhe.st <iuality Kuaraoteed. We handle the
G. B. Lewis Cob Koods. Italian Bees for sale in
dovetailed hives, Send for my rts-page Catalog, and
leaflet for betrinnerB. They are free.

44Btf W. .1. McCartv. Emmetsbure, Iowa

Mention Hce Joiirunl ^hen ^vrltins;'.

i2l\ honey-jars

The No. V-- Hooey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely titrut, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

1 gross lots $4 SO per gross

S " " 4.(J0 "

Alio in stroDt' «E-SHiPPINQ CASES of two
dozen each, lie:ir_v corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom -a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 " 95 "

10 " -00 "

E'Mhtouace I umblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in rc-
sbipping case:

5 case lot^ . per case, 3 doz 8Sc

10 ■• " " SOc

20 " •' " 75c

F.O.B. New ^ ork. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 A, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

mint family, where honey is the commoD
Slock in trade.

No. 3 is knotwood, and No. 4 is common
smartweed. Both belong to the buckwheat
family, and yield fair nectar.

No. 5 is the swamp marigold, and produces
ao abundance of pollen, and probably honey,
too.— C. L. Walton, i

Colony of Yellow Wasps

There is an old bee-keeper in this county
who has a colony of yellow wasps, which he
IS endeavoring to domesticate, with a view to
crossing with his Italian bees, for hardiness
beauty, and several other qualities, among
which is "life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness." The sting of the Italian bee is
taid to be good for rheumatism ; I am sure
the Sling of these same wasps is good for a
lot of it. Now I am writing truth, and noth-
ing but the truth, and am willing to subscribe
to it. But don't " give me away " if you can
I™"! ''• . Geo. Stout.

Hennepin Co., Minn., Sept. 2.5.

[The temptation was too great for us to re-
sist, so we decided we couldn't "avoid"
"giving you away," Mr. Stout. We also
concluded that you were strong enough— or
S:out enough— to stand it.— Editor.]

A New Magazine

Would you lilie the new maeazinc-wr.tlen especially for you
-to you-by you, Hood stories, pretty, serviceable fashions,
household helps, recipes, letters from subscribers, practic.l
plans for earning mcouies— a chariuine magazine— north
uiany tunes Its pnce; If so, send us 25 cents for a year's luh-
scni'tion, oi send [lostal for sample copy.

TiTe WOMAN'S JOURNAL
■102 Journal Bldg. CHICAGO

Mention Bee .lunrual ivben writing.

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the statidard books on
bee-culture, and ougfht to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being- revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for f1 .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

702

THE AMERICAN BEE JOCRNAL

Oct. 5, 1905

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the Ijee-lseeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. l^eM'is' 4jaoo<ls at laclory prices. Cat-
alog free. Cash orders at catalog prices on such goods as mentioned in special list.

Before November 9 percent discount

" December S " "

'• January 7

Before February 6 percent discount

•' March ,.5 "

" April a

Ask for special list now, free.

Honey-Paekag-es foF Marketing Honey \\

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets. 4>Ia«!!i .Ia,rs >villi patent spring
sealers and ^lass stoppers: regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample oases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. If
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice,
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much
lotvest freight rates, satislaotion to all.

Ca Ivi- scon r & 00« Indianapolis, ind. •'<••!•

mention Bee Journal Tvlien fvriting.

Special prices on ab-
Best service.

•}••{• •^•!•

Glass Jars for Hooey

We can ship by return freight at the
following prices:

i^-lb. Jars with corks — 1 case of 21 doz. for
$5.50; 3 cases, S15.50.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5.25; 3cases for $15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

Hand*^ Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any;
good as new. If interested write for price.

YORK HONEY "^^^^^^^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more
A completely than any other pnblished,
^ send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

** Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Minnesota=Wisconsin.— The annual meeting'
of the Southeastern Minnesota and Western
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at the County Commissioners' Rooms in
the Court House at Winona, Minn., on Oct. 24
and 25, 190S, at 10 a.m. of each day. All bee-
keepers invited with their wives, and help to
make the convention a success.

Joseph M. Reitz, Sec,

W. K. Bates, Pres.

Georgia.— The Southern Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold a meeting in Atlanta, Ga.,
during the State Fair, Oct. 20, at 10 a.m., on the
Fair Grounds, at the apiarian exhibit. All bee-
keepers and those interested are invited to at-
tend and take part. Judson Heard, Sec.

Wisconsin.— The annual convention of the
Northeastern Wisconsin Bee Keepers' Associa-
tion will be held in the Opera Hall of Chas.
Levenhagen, in Mishicot, Oct. 11, 1905, com-
mencing- at 10 a.m. All inierested in bee-keep-
ing are cordially invited to be present and take
part in the discussions. The following program
has been arranged for the occasion. 1. Report
of Secretary— D. J. B. Rick: 2. Report nf
Treasurer— John Cochems; 3. Election of offi-
cers; 4 Address by President— C. H, Voigt; 5.
Preparing Bees for Winter — Fred Trapp; 6.
Best Management for Section Honev— J. Sed-
lachek; 7. Question-box; 8. General d'pcussion.
Dr. J. B. RiCK, Sec.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES-
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HARSHFIELD flANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

12 Percent Discount I

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by M
Cash during September. Send for our Catalog. j|

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. |

Nothing Anywhere Like
THE STOCK YARDS

Theeiffhtli wonder ol" t)ie vvurld is the Union Stock ,
Yards, Chicago. Muna^'er Skinner of the Inter-"
national Exposition iias prepared a
comprehensive article forthe Octoher
iseiie of that authoritatire paper—

BLOODED STOCK

Thi?ii.[itrilmti..nfro]n sn competent
soyii.e \iill make this number
worth a wliole year's subscrip-
tion price— 25c. Subscribe. Write
for hitndsnme free1i-2-pp. booklet.

Blooded Stock. Box 221, Oxford Pa.

31 1' lit ion Bee Jotirual ^vhen ^vriting'.

A Great Offer!

Beg'inning- with Jan. 1 we will discontinue
sending THE MODERN FARMER to any one

the moment his subscription expires, and, in
order to g^et as many new subscribers to this,
the cleanest and best farm monthly published
on this continent, and to intr< duce it into new
communities, we will send a TRIAL subscrip-
tion, one year to NEW subscribers only, for 15
cents in silver. The paper will stop when your
lime expires, and will not be furnished any one
whose name is on our list now, at this price.
This offer will only hold good for a SHORT
TIME. Send now before it is withdrawn.
Sample copies free to you and any of your
friends whose names jou may send Address.

THE nODERN FARflER,

307 N. :!d Street, ST. .JOSEPH, MO.
I>Ientiou Bee Journal irheu irrlting.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
fiults. Comb foundation made easily and

?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

3oCtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

P^J.G. Gooduer, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood.
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all

you say it will." Catalog and price-list free..
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

qQ5 Rubv St.. Rockford. 111.

Mention Bee Joiirnnl ^vhen ivritingr.

ItalianQueens

FOR SALE

In all their purity, at the following prices:
Untested (Red Clover) 75c; Tested, ^1.25;
Breeder, ¥5 00.

ELDON WOODflRD

AShVILLE, Chautauqua Co., N, Y.

27Ltf (Route tiby

Itleiiliou Dee Jouruiil when writing.

Wa Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonodatlon, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

<< It is continuous advertising
tliat impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

Oct. 5 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

703

Lowest Prices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 "

" January 1 T "

" February 1 • 6 "

" March 1 4

'• April 1 2

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly.
50c a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated mag-azine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal 'n^hen n'ritiug'.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUNO CANS

We have a good supply oJ Pure Bass-
-M'ood Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 2 cans,
boxed, at 9 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans, at
one time, SX cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, S
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYl^u^PP^L^^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.
New Comb honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would pay those haviog- u in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
K'oods and styleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28A.tf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Big

Discounts
on Bee-Supplies

The following- discounts apply on all orders
except hoaey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct, 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dcc.l 8 *' March 1... 4 **

Jan. 1 7 *' I April I 2 *'

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.

Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Until further n^ii^e, fiue t quality new crop
California WaierWhite White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity yoa want.

HiLDRETH & SEGELKCN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York,N.Y.
34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stoclc for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

10 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Receivad in

M 5*iSEPTEMBER^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER ="

Office and Salesrooms. 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

^oney anb
4- SeestpaxK-

Chicago, Aug. in —The demand has absorbed
all the offerings of fancy and A No. 1 grades of
white comb honey at 14c, while No. 1 has sold
at 13@13Hc. No call at present for other than
the best grade, it really being difficult to place
what ordinarily is called No. 1. Extracted,
white. 6@7c; amber, light and dark,5(^6c. Bee
wax, 2Sc. R. A. Burnett Sl Co.

Kansas City, Aug. 24.— The honey market
here shows a decided improvement and the
market is firm at $2.85 to $3.00 for No. 1 and
fancy white comb in 24 section cases. Amber
and other grades are selling for less, according
to quality. Extracted in fair demand, white
selling at 6^cents; other grades down to 4 J^c.
Beeswax, 2Hc. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, 0., Sept. 8.— It appears by this
time, that comb honey will not be so plentiful.
In some parts of the West the crop has been
more or less a failure. Prices so far have not
changed much yet. Fancy white comb. 13@15c.
Extracted seems to be more plentiful. In bar-
rels, light amber, 5J4@SHc; in cans, J^c more;
white clover from T@8c. Beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W. Weber.

Indianapolis, Sept. 2 —There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De-
mand for lower grades of comb honey not good.
Numerous shipments of honey arriving, but no
one producer seems to have very great quanti-
ties to offer. I quote fancy white at 14(q iSc;
No. I in poor demand at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade extracted brings 8@9c in (jQ-lb.
cans; amber slow at 5c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

New York, Sept. 22. — New crop is beginning
to arrive quite freely from New York State and
Pennsylvania, aad is in fair demand at 14c for
fancy white, exceptionally fine quality may
bring 16c; Uc for No. 1 white, and ll(sH2c for
No. 2 white and aniber; no buckwheat on the
market as yet. Extracted, in good demand at
last quotations. Beeswax, firm and scarce at

2'I,$30C. HlLDSETH Sl Seoelkbn

Phu-adblphia, Sept. 21. — There seems to be
an unusually larji^e quantity of comb honey of-
fered In the tniTKet at this time and prices for
new goods are somewhat weak. We find small
lots of bee-keepers in the vicinity offering it at
'm )st any price, re^'^ardless of the actual value.
Honey has been sold in Philadelphia at the fol-
lowing prices doriug the week: Fancy, 13fa>16c;

No. 1, ll(fl''l4c. Extracted, amber, 5!^(ai6^ cents;
white clover, dMC^Sc. Beeswax, firm, 2Sc.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

Toledo, Aug. IS— The market on comb honey
at this writing is practically the same as last;
however, honey is being offered quite freely,
and this has a tendency to decline the price.
On account ot the heavy receipts of fruit there
is no great demand for either comb or extracted
at present. Fancy white clover in a retail way
brings 15c; No. 1, 14c; little demand for amber.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6@6J^c; in
cans, 7@7^c; amber in barrels, 5fa*5!4c; in cans,
6f" 6^ac. Beeswax, 28@30c. Griggs Bros.

Cincinnati, Sept. 7.— There is little to report
s'nce our quotation two weeks ago. The supply
of both comb and extracted honey is fair, and
the demand is good. We offer extracted honey
as follows: Amber, in barrels and cans, at
S^@6Hc, respectively. White clover at 7@S>ic.
Fancy white comb honey at 12@15c. Beeswax,
29 cents. The Fred W. Muth Co.

Albany, N. Y., Sept. 21.— Honey demand
improving here as the season advances, and as
next monih Is the best mouth we look for good
prices. Buckwheat comb is scarce; that is,
straight buckwheat. We quote fancy white,
ISc; No. I, 14c: mixed, 13c; buckwheat. No. 1,
13c; mixed. rZ@l2Hc. Extracted, white, 7"i7J^c;
mixed, 6^^' 7c; buckwheat, 6J^ cents. Beeswax,
2Sr.? 32c. U. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Sept. 2".— White comb. 1-lb-
sections, ')@io cents; amber, 7,rf8c. Extracted,
water-white, 4K@5!-4c; white, 4(aJ4?<c; light am-
ber, 3K@-* cents; amber, 3(^3 Jic; dark amber,
2%@3c. Beeswax, good to choice, light, 25@26c.
f he comb honey market is firm at 8J^c to lOj
a pound. Southern California's output this
year will approximate 175 car loads. Last
year's crop was practically nothing, and pres-
ent prospects are fur higher prices. With the
market practically cleaned up last spring,
coupled with the fact that the honey crop is
light in all Eastern producing States, the
honey men of southern California may reason-
ably look for belter prices the coming fall and
winter. The present market price for extracted
honey is around 5c. The crop estimate above
given means about 125,000 cans of extracted. Of
comb honey southern California will have, it is
thought, not more than 15 carloads. While
California will have about the largest crop in
many years, there are some localities where the
bees have done practically nothing. Arizona
is nearer to a honey failure thts year thin in 20
years. The crop has not been so light through-
out the East in a decade, while Texas is said to
be only within 60 percent of its normal produc-
tion.

nOINtY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, btiying or selling, coasnll

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

704

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. S, X90S

AN ORDER n TIME SAYES 9

Percent if sent in with Cash in

OCTOBER

#######

V percent during October.
8 percent during November.

7 percent during December.
6 percent during January.

4 percent during February.
2 percent during March.

On receipt of the names and addresses of 5 bee-keepers in your vicinity we will
mail to any address free of charge postpaid a copy of our little book, "Bee Pranks,"
which is a pamphlet compiled from newspaper clippings containing many laughable and
interesting anecdotes which have actually happened in the life of the bee. Published
only by G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.

The Following are Distributing Points for Lewis' Goods:

ENGLAND
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

CUBA
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana.

■CALIFORNIA

Paul Bachert, Acton.
California Lumber & Milling- Co.,
San Francisco.

-COLORADO

R. C. Aikin, Loveland.

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Rocky Ford.

Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Denver.

Fruit Growers' Association, Grand
Junction, Robert Halley, Montrose.

ILLINOIS

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141
and 143 Ontario St., Chicago.

INDIANA

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis.

IOWA
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

MICHIGAN
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids.

MINNESOTA

Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault.

MISSOURI
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati.
Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

PENNSYLVANIA
Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Hous-
ton St., San Antonio.

UTAH
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden.

WASHINGTON
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle.

Manufacturers of

G. B. LEWIS CO. ^ lufpffir

Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A.

National Bee=Keepers* Convention at Chicago, Dec. 5, 6, 7

WEEKLY-SI.OO A YEAR

Published by GEOFGE W, YORK L CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL.,. OCTOBER 12,1905

No. 41

WEEKLY

THE " Q0INQ=T0-BEES '

BT NIXON WATERMAN

Suppose that some fine morn in May
A honey-bee should pause and say :
" I guess I will not work to-day,

But next week or next summer,
Or some time in the by-and-by,
I'll be so diligent and spry
That all the world must see that I

Am what they call a ' hummer !' "

Of course you'd wish to say at once,

"O bee ! don't be a little dunce

And waste your golden days and months

In lazily reviewing
The things you're ' going to do,' and how
Your hive with honey you'll endow ;
But bear in mind, O bee, that now

Is just the time for ' doing.' "

a youth with idle hands
ell you all the splendid plans
he dreams, the while the sands
are flowing, flowing ;
ish to say to him, "O boy !
Id reap your share of joy
t discerningly employ
orning hours in sowing."

ould win must work 1 The prize
-■ faithful one who tries
\Vith loyal heart and hand ; whose skies

f« 0 ,.W4^jloil-crowned hopes are sunny.
.'•!■» And j|}%j' who seek success to find,

ely truth must bear in mind :
ing-to-bees ' are not the kind
he hive with honey."

— Sat u> day Evening Post.-

706

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12, 'HOS

FCBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK S COMPANY

3S4 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal ia
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in iheP<^taI Union. 6U
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free,

THE WRAPPER-LABETj DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscriptio ispaiU.
For instance. '"decoS" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, I9u4.

SUBSCRIPTION KECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for niouey sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association
Ist.— To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riffhts. » *x. ^ w . *

ad.— To enforce laws against the adulteration oi
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General ManaKer and Treasurer -

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wis,

t^T If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
Dahllsbers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(Incorporated)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey thrcjugh
advertising.

2. To publish facte about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEIVIBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.()(» for each
20 (or fraction of lin) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

QsoHOE W. York. Manager,

384 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW subscription with $l.'iO for the
Bee Journal a year. Now is the lime to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Learn Telegraphy and R, R.
Accounting

$50 to$lfO per montli salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. You don't i>ay us until you have a
position. Largest system uf telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAVS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted Write tor Catalog.

MOR8E SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY,

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.

Wis. Texarkana. Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29Al7t Please mention the Bee Journal

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for tlie coming sea-
son. By sendiDg us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.
Mention Bee Journal ivben ivTitlnc;.

.k^*. .^k. .*#k. .*iii. >'Ai>. .Wiir. >'#k. dUf. ..-Aif. .W^ir. .«|if. ..'#Jr. .W|i.. ..i#i.. >'#«, .«-#>>. .>-|ir. .«*!.. ..'#'. V*^. .-#ir. >•■'. .«#>'. .*#•.. .i%*. .<£!&. .S#^.

'Sfflf^Tf* M' '■*' ^t.* I*." lf!> *• ■'■*'■ '♦■• '»v ^f" ■'■*' '♦■" i»r •i»i> I*." *" 't^ il." '•■ty i#^ if- ■<♦.« i».«^f?

•|? it If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

©BEE-SyPPLiES|
Root's GoodsirRooi's rrices |
Kvervthing used by Bee Keepers. jjlfe

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. ^

Low Freight Rates. .-. .\ Catalog Free. ^

^f'r If you wi&h to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my ^jF

wAw free moathly price-list of boaey. ^|b,

^ Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SBA50N'S USE. and avail ^

.w#'*, yourself of the following very liberal aisconnts? Goods all Root Quality. ^^

^' Percent j For cas^i orders before Jan. 1.. 7 percent ^

«*•» For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 For casj orders trefore Feb. 1. 6 percent "sj^

*"I* For cash orders before Nov. 1 ** For casd orders beforeMar.l. .4 percent ^

♦5» For cash orders before Dec. 1 8 I For cas a orders befoie Apr. 1, 2 percent «»

i WALTER S. rOUDER, |

iJi 513-515 Massachusetts Ave,, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 4fe

^AW «AV »i>. ^AV. .li#!r. JiAr- .tiAV. .WAir. .liAir, .«Air. .tliir. .*§''. .»§«. .li$'f. .«Sir. .»Av. .WAa- .»#'. .»A«' .WAv. .jiAk. .«Ak. .WAir. .liAir. .«Aw. .«A«. .«A*.

TlTTf? T#TTf.»' >#.• '*!•.* ■"?♦!• *!•■* >•-* tf .' >•■■ "^f-" ''•.' ff-" "■W'' f •■• *!#? *!•■" •!|J^ *!•■" ".fP^ ^.* >f.* '*!•-■ >#.•' '".^ tf^

Mention Bee Journal nvhen irritlng;.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^ BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. GraiDger it Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER, = Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Journal n-li^n T^ritlng.

p^HHTiMrTojttr^

(j Feeding time is here and you will want feeders TherFare none better made than kS

y the Miller-Board man Entrance Division- Board Feeder and the Simplicity Bottom-Board /

W Feeder. Tney can be attached to the bottom-board and left all the year around. Are W

y made on honor and sold direct from the factory to joi^^isariDg you a middleman's K

W profit. V

(j Your orders will receive prompt attention. Send them early. C\

> Don't fail to send us your address for our new cMalo^,, whtob will be very compre- ^

ft hensive, and will give you many valuable pointers upon beekeepinfr. W

I JOHN DOLL &; SON, I

5 Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. g

Mention Bee Journal M-hen : ivrrlting;.

9 Percent Discount a^^^grt; (,ewis' Bee-Supplies

OCTOBER. This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packag-es for cur-
rent use. By Return Freight OR ExpR>,*s. Sernd to

H. M^ARND, YORK HONEY I^PPI"/ CO. .Notl-C

141 & 143 Ontario street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & ^ W, Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog and prices on Honey on app^ ieatloB. If you want Oood Coods
al Factory Rrices and Prompt Slii ,»mcnt, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c wli it Bee-Supplies in exchange
— delivered here. , ^^^^ |

Please Mention the American Bee Journal :5$Siti?e"iS*

Oct. 12, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

707

-AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

I "DADANT'S FOUNDATIOI"

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN

S-lbs.

LOTS OF

10-lbs. 25 lbs.

Name OF Grade 1-lb. S-lbs. 10-lbs. 25 lbs. SO lbs.

Medium Brood SS S3 SI 49 48

Light Brood 57 SS S3 51 50

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56 55

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63 61 59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

WANTED i

FANCY COMB HONEY in Noromp shipping

CASES, ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE, AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT. AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

B66 ■ SUDDI16S ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest
variety of everything needed in the
Apiary, assuring bestgoodsat lowest
prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free IIIuS"
trated Catalog, and read description of AlternaliDg Hives, Massie Hives, etc.
Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language.

KRfcTCHMER MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

AGENCIES

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnltod & Ford, Garden City, Kansas.

Shu^art & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H Myers, Lamar, Colo.

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Anuaio, Tex.

Get Jfew Subscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber fer
the AmericuTi Bee Journal, to send
with your ovrn renewal ?

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive.
You can't have healthy, profitable
fowls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vermin and
makes sitting: hens comfortable.
Sample lOc; 100 oz,. JI.OO by expiess.
O. K. STOCK FOOD CO..
D.J. Lambert, Vfi'e-Pres.
406 MonoD Bide., Chicago, III.

Bee-Reepers' |
Early Discounts

Now is the Time to .send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts :

Before October 1 . . . .

November 1.
" December 1.

.lanuary 1. . .
'■ February 1 . .

■' March 1

" April 1

deduct 10 percent
9
8
7
6
4

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest Can take Honey and Beeswax
in exchange for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated CatalOB. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiHIDO, - OE€IO.

Mention Bee Journal n-hen n-ritlng.

708

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12, 1905

10

WEEKS
CENTS

■ A * A * * '

> * * * A * i

We wish every reader of the American Bee Journal to become acquainted with QLEANINQS IN BEE-CULTURE.
We extend a cordial invitation in our ofiFer to send you the paper 10 weeks for 10 cents.

There is no bee-paper in the world like Gleanings. Its aim is to meet the needs of every bee-keeper everywhere,
and it does it. Whether you own one colony or a thousand or are merely interested you cannot afford to miss a single
number. Gleanings is progressive. Every number is an improvement over the last.

It is useless to state that Gleanings excels in this point. Regular departments
are edited by Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M. Doolittle, Prof. A. J. Cook, J. A. GTeen and Louis
SchoU. These names speak for themselves for they are the best writers of the day.
Every issue contains articles from the pens of the best bee-keepers all over the land. A
list of them would be the catalog of the most successful bee-keepers the world over. We
will soon begin a series of remarkable articles by E. W. Alexander. We are safe in say-
ing a higher price was never paid for an article of this class than we paid for a single one
of this series. Every one of them will be worth hundreds of dollars to bee-keepers.

Contributors

Balf-Tone
Illustrations

During the past summer we have had a special artist to take photographs for us.
He has traveled on our account alone the past summer over 4000 miles and we can prom-
ise some very iine pictures. Many of the Second Prize Photo Contest. American and
Foreign, will appear soon. Our engravings are made by the very finest engravers in the
United States. Just this wealth of illustration doubles the value of the paper.

Advertisements

Gleanings prides itself on the clean class of advertisements it carries. Its subscrib-
ers show their appreciation of the fact by their liberally patronizing them. There is no
better medium in the United States for those catering to the needs of the bee-keeper. We
now print 25,000 copies and yet with our special edition (Dec. 15, 40.000) our old rates
hold good which were based on 20,000 circulation. Gleanings gives its subscribers and
advertisers full measure, pressed down and running over.

December 15th
Issue

We are pleased to announce that extensive plans are now under way for a Special
Christmas Issue of Gleanings. It is planned that this issue shall far exceed in its wealth
of contributed articles, its half-tones and its cover design than anything that heretofore
has been attempted in bee-keeping literature. The cover is to be designed and printed
by one of the best color printing establishments in the United States. The design is
something unique and beautiful indeed. This issue will contain nearly 100 pages, and
40,000 copies will be printed, making a bee-keepers' magazine that compares favorably
with any magazine of the present day.

Subscribe

When you have read this notice take up your pen and tell us to send you Gleanings
Ten Weeks and enclose Ten Cents, in coin or stamps. Don't put it off. The magnifi-
cent Christmas Number alone will be worth 25 cents to any bee-keeper. We don't prom-
ise this number to any but subscribers. Don't put this matter off for you will never be
able to spend 10 cents to better advantage.

THE fl. 1. ROOT GO.. Fofiiisners. Medina, onio.

▼▼▼▼▼▼

(Entered at the Post-OlBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
PubUshed IVeekly at 81.00 a Vear by Cieorge IV. ¥ork A Co., 334 Uearbom St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER 12, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 41

/T'

(Sbttortal Hotcs ^ Comments

^

\»

Good Seasons Still to Come

Bee-keepers, as a class, are optimists. Some
seasons are good, and some are poor, yet they
are always hoping that the next season will
be one of the good ones. A few years ago
the editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review, how-
ever, had a fit of pessimism, and expressed
the belief that we could not expect in the
future as good crops as had prevailed in the
past. He has now recanted, and fully rein-
stated himself in the ranks of the optimists,
as expressed in the following :

"Along in the '90's we had very poor honey
crops here in Michigan — so poor that I came
as near being discouraged as I ever did. I
began to feel that, as the country was being
cleared up, the honey-plants were disappear-
ing, and that the good crops were things of
the past, and not of the future. In this I was
mistaken. The last three years have fur-
nished excellent harvests."

A Defense of Tanging Swarms

Some of the younger readers may not know
what tanging is. Formerly it was a common
custom, upon the issuing of a swarm, for all
hands to join in ringing bells, blowing horns,
pounding on tin pans, and making noises in
any other way that suggested itself. That
was tanging. It is not certain that any in-
telligent bee-keeper of the present day prac-
tices tanging, but nearly two pages of a late
issue of Gleanings in Bee Culture is occupied
with a sort of defense of the custom. Nor is
it a densely ignorant writer who makes the
defense, but a professor; Prof. Edward P.
Bigelow.

To the argument that 99 out of 100 swarms
would settle anyhow without the noise. Prof.
Bigelow replies:

"This point is weak. The noise is made
after the clustering, in my experience, when
the swarm has refused to go into the hive or
to remain."

Doubtful if that experience is general. His
closing words are ;

" As a countryman I resent ,the imputation
by the so-called funny papers.that ' we farm-

ers ' have been doing such ' fool things ' for
many generations. I guess we know what we
are about, some of the time, city chaps to the
contrary notwiihstanding."

If " city chaps " do no worse than to call
tanging one of the " fool things," they will
steer closer to the truth than they generally
do when talking about bees.

Greasy Waste for Fuel

Greasy cotton-waste, such as can be found
thrown away along the track near any rail-
road station, has been highly commended as
smoker-fuel. Rev. R. B. McCain, in Glean-
ings in Bee Culture, claims as a special advan-
tage that when one handles the stuff the
fingers become greasy, and as a consequence
propolis does not stick to them. Taking his
cue from this. Dr. Miller, who has been in the
habit of using butter to clean the propolis off
his fingers, proposes that hereafter . he will
" try the plan of going to the hive with ' but-
ter-fingers ' prepared in advance."

Stand or Colony?

The following letter has been received :

Editor American Bee JonRNii —

Your strictures on page 630, on the use of
" stand of bees " in place of the later adopted
brat, " colony of bees," are not well sup-
ported, and these strictures will give way
every time you try to make a "s(a«(/" on
them, by them, or tor them.

The redeeming feature of those strictures is
the ending of theiii by, " Perhaps some one
can explain." Certainly, some inaiiij can ex-
plain.

Tour ideas of the word " stand " have been
evolved by your close environment with the
editorial stand. You, therefore, pass over
Webster's definitions of the noun "stand"
until you come to the 6th — "a small table " —
refusing to be comforted by the more general
3d definition, "A stop; a halt; as to make a
stand ; to come to a stand."

Now, what more applicable expression can
be used when a swarm of bees has passed into
a hive and has " made a stand," which every
little worker would die to maintain — what
more appropriate than "a stand of bees?"
The expression, "A colony of bees," com-
pares with it as dish-water does to cream.

" Stand of bees " — a natural linguistic evolu-
tion from the Anglo-Saxon " staend."

" Colony of bees"— a brat midwived into
the English vocabulary about 15 years ago by
a coterie of dignified apiarists, who. looking
with askance upon their plain old Anglo-
Saxon "Mother English," were anxious to
acquire a cheap linguistic notoriety by dab-
bling in French-Latin. Aug. Greenfield.

It is not easy to decide just how far this
letter is to be taken seriously, and how far it
may be intended in a humorous ^ein. Cer-
tainly, however, the word "colony" is
hardly the best word to choose, if we could
go back far enough to decide over again. But
we would have to go back more than the 15
years suggested by our correspondent, for the
word " colony " has been in common use for
many more years than that, no matter when it
may have first appeared in the dictionaries.
The bees in a hive form a family rather than a
colony, taking the word "colony "as used
when speaking of people, yet scientists use
the word "colony " as applying to an aggre-
gation of individuals in a common household
or zooecium, as in corals, polyzoans, etc.

To take the stand that " stand " is the bet-
ter word because bees make a stand, defensive
or offensive, is hardly safe. For only a small
number of bees make the stand, and the word
could properly apply only to that small num-
ber making the stand. Besides, when those
bees from Caucasus, which are so gentle that
they never make a stand, become so common
in this country that no others are known,
how could the use of the word " stand " be
justified to future generations?

Comb Houey Not Machlne-Made. —

We have a fair supply of the typewritten
letter on this subject, which appeared in the
Chicago Daily News of June Jl, 1905. It is
just the thing to have published in every bee-
keeper's local newspaper. We mail it for a
3-oent stamp. Better order several copies,
and request as many newspaper editors to
publish it. It will certainly be a good thing
for both the reading public and the bee-
keepers. . ^

Maeterlinck's " Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, $1.40; or with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year — both for $2.00, as long as the
books last. It is a cloth-bound book, and has
437 pages.

710

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12 1905

r

^nisccUancous Hctps 3tcm5

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"^

J

Mr. M. M. Baltlridge, of Kane Co., 111.,
called on us recently, and requested us to
ask members of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association not to vote for him for Director.

Honey- Vinegar. — Secretary Hutchinson
informs us that Mr. H. M. Arnd, manager of
the York Honey and Bee-Supply Co., who at
great expense took a course in honey-vinegar
making, will prepare a paper for the National
convention, on " Successful Experience in the
Making of Honey-Vinegar." As we use some
of Mr. Arnd's honey-vinegar on our home
table, we know that it simply can't be beat.
He will appear on the program at the morn-
ing session of the third day, Deo. 7.

3Irs. Cora E. Just, wife of W. P. Just,
editor of the Sauk County (Wis.) News (who
is also a bee-keeperj , passed away Sept. 1.5, a
few hours after having given birth to a
daughter. The copy of the News for Sept. 21
was a memorial number, containing a half-
tone picture of the deceased, and also the
funeral sermon, besides two beautiful poems
entitled, " Alone," and " Not Lost, But Gone
Before.'' It was all very sad. Our sincere
sympathy is hereby tendered to our brother
in his sore bereavement.

The Minnesota Fair Preniiuins in

the Apiary Department, were awarded this
year by Wm. Russell, the Minnesota inspector
of apiaries. A clipping kindly sent us by
Ethel H. Acklin, contains the following an-
nouncement of the winners of the premiums
offered ;

The grand sweepstakes for the largest, best,
ai)d most attractive exhibition in the honey
department was awarded as follows:

1st, H. G. Acklin ; 2d. Moser's Apiaries ; 3d,
J. B. Jardine; 4th, W. \K. Ansell.

Mr. Acklin took 13 1st premiums, Mr. Jar-
dine 5, Moser's Apiaries 3, Mr. Ansell 3, and
Alfred Ziemer, 1.

Aheail of Bee-Stings for Rheuma-
tism ? — One of our young lady friends here
in Chicago, on learning that we had a slight
touch of rheumatism lately, sent us the fol-

lowing " new treatment," by special delivery
stamped letter, with these words:

" Here's a cure for you. Try itimmetiiateh/."

Mb. Kellt — " An' how are ye this mornin',
Mistress Flyn? Is yer rbeumatiz any better?"

Mrs. Flyn—" Well, yis, I think it is, I
thank ye koindly. The new doctor's treat-
ment is doin' me a worl' av good, 1 belave.
He advoises me to take queen ann [quinine]
eternally, and to rub anarchy [arnica] on me
j'ints. So I'm doin' it, an' I think it's helpin'
me wonderfully."— From Puck.

Wedding Bells at Dittmer's. — As

" Miss Bessie Dittmer " she is no more. She
is now " Mrs. Julius Hammer.'' A notice in
the Augusta (Wis.) Eagle for Sept. 33, reads
as follows:

We take pleasure in announcing the mar-
riage, on Wednesday afternoon of this week,
of Miss Bessie Dittmer, eldest daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Gus Dittmer, to Mr. Julius Hammer,
Rev. E Z Thwing officiating. The ceremony,
which was witnessed only by the near rela-
tives and a few intimate friends, took place
at the home of the bride's parents, which had
been l.ieautifully decorated for the occasion by
the ladies of the Matrimonial Club. At 4 p.m.
Rev. Thwing pronounced the words that made
the twain one, which was followed by the
warmest congratulations and a bountiful
wedding supper.

The bride is one of Augusta's most popular
young ladies, and is highly respected as a
lady of most estimable character. The groom
is a trusted employee at the Victory Mercan-
tile Co.'s stdre, where his integrity of char-
acter and genial ways have won for him many
friends.

The presents were both numerous and ele-
gant, comprising silver, china, and household
articles. One of the evidences of the estima-
tion in which the worthy couple are held, was
a surprise reception given them at " o'clock
in the evening by about 30 young ladies.

We wish to add our congratulations also,
and hope for our young friends a long and
happy life.

"Bessie" was her father's "right hand
girl " in the comb foundation factory, where
she was an expert at running one of the
mills. His loss will be Mr. Hammer's gain,
however. But making a good home, as she
will do, will even be ahead of making good
comb foundation.

'• The Honey-Money Stories," men-
tioned several times already in these columns,
seems to be exceedingly well thought of. if
we may judge from the expressions of appre-
ciation that have been printed and also writ-
ten so far.

The following is from the Bee-Keepers'
Review :

" The Honey-Money Stories " is the title of
a 64.page booklet recently gotten out by
George W. York & Co., of Chicago. It is
printed on enameled paper, and beautifully
illustrated with between 30 and 40 halftone
engravings. In the back of the book are
three bee-fongs, set to music. It is edited by
Earl M. Pratt, and contains a variety of short,
bright stories, interspersed with facts and in-
teresting items about honey and its use. In
tact, the primary object of the book seems to
be that of awakening interest in honey, and
increasing its consumption.

The Progressive Bee-Keeper contains this
paragraph :

" The Honey-Money Stories " is the title of
a 60 page pamphlet published by George W.
York ct Co., Chicago. It is tersely written,
well printed and interspersed with pleasing
illustrations arranged in an attractive man-
ner, calculated to Increase the desire of the
reader for the best of sweets. We congratu-
late Mr. York on the manner in which this
book is gotten up.

Then comes the following from one of Chi-
cago's physicians, who is also interested some-
what in bees:

That " Honey-Money Stories" is certainly
interesting. I know of no better way to in-
struct the public in the great virtues of pure
honey than by a perusal of its bright and
appropriately illustrated pages. The person
that conceived this attractive method should
be encouraged. All honey-dealers and keepers
of bees should show an enthusiastic interest
in a publication so aptly in their favor, and
nothing quite so tangibly encourages as a
steady flow of cash orders. The writer knows
whereof he spea'.js. M. Dee.

We may say the price ^of a copy of "The
Honey-Money Stories " is 25 cents, postpaid,
or 5 copies for $1.00. It is clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for
only $1.10. Send all orders to the office of
the American Bee Journal.

Mr. and Mrs. A. \j. Boyden, of The A.

I. Root Co., were in Chicago Oct. 7 and 8.
Mr. Boyden made this office a brief call.
Everything is " humming " at " The Home of
the Honey-Bees " these days. The extra-large
discount now offered on orders for bee-sup-
plies for next season seems to have struck a
popular chord among bee-keepers.

\ (£ontri bu tcb -f
Sx>^da\ drticles

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Honey-Dew— Sucrose in Honey
Honey

Poisonous

liV PHOF. A. .J. COOK

THERE is something about this sugar or honey ijiiestion
that I think needs cle.aring up in many of our mind.s. In
the first place, as to the nature of honeydcw. There are
two views held — one that it is a secretion from the plants, and
the other that it comes exclusively from insects — mainly scale
insects and aphids.

By honey-dew I mean the sweet nectar droplets that we
find scattered upon the foliage of various herbs and trees. I
once thought these must be a product of the tree itself, as I
found a willow the foliage of which was thickly dotted with
these droplets, so much so that it was sticky. I examined
and could find no insects. My experience since that time con-
vinces rac that had I investigated high up in the tree, I would
have found scorces of the willow aphis, and that from this in-
sect came this honey dew.

For years now I have been striving to get evidence that
this scattered sweet on the leaves of plants is a secretion of
the plants theni.-- elves. I have yet to get any direct evidence
to that effect. It is true that many plants, like the cotton,
have extra-lloral glands, and secrete nectar, but this never
falls in droplets as in the case of the real honey-dew

Again we note that the honey-dew is of benefit to the in-
sects, as in attracting bees and wasps it secures a body-guard
which protects the insects from birds. I have had ocular
proof of this over and over again. On the other hand, we
could not see how it would be any gain to the plants to scatter
this sugar solution over the foliage, for it also attracts a black

Oct. 12 1905

IHt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

7U

fungus which must be injurious to the plants. Plants and
animals rfo not work usually in Nature to effect their own
harm, but always their good.

The Naturk of Honey-Dew.

As I have said before, honey-dew is reducing sugar,
usually called glucose or grape-sugar. This, then, is like
honey, like the sugar of digestion, and like liver sugar formed
on the body, and is undoubtedly a sugar that takes less energy
on the pari of the bees 'o convert it into honey than does the
cane-sugar of the floral nectar. If, then, this honey-dew has
no distasteful elements, it is probably the best food for bees,
as bees are hard worked at best, and we can well imagine
that they might live longer with less of digestive labor to per-
form. The short life of the bee during the active season
argues an overdose of hard work. Dr. Miller objects to this
reasoning in view of the fact that organs arc stronger with
work. I think the Doctor would hardly urge that this were
true of overworked organs. As I believe that honey is the
best sugar for us — especially if our stomachs are of frail make-
up— so I believe that honey-dew may often be a godsend to
the bees.

?UCR0SK IN Honey.

In a recent number of one of our leading bee-papers, it
was stated that there was more sucrose in honey stored by
bees from cane syrup than that from floral nectar. And it
was further urged that this would enable the chemist to deter-
mine this kind of "adulteration," as the large amount of
cane-sugar o( sucrose would be certain evidence that it could
not be honey from floral sources. I believe this statement
needs to be taken with some allowance. Bees may be made
to take a great deal of syrup in a very short time ; I have fed
over 20 pounds of syrup at night to a single colony, and have
found it all stored in the morning. Some of this was extracted
from the comb in the morning, and some after it was sealed
over. The amount of sucrose had very greatly diminished in
the capped honey. This shows that digestion went on after
the honey was stored, or else that the bees took it again into
their stomachs, which is not probable.

Bees usually gather nectar from the flowers very slowly,
and thus the digestive juices are ample, and the sucrose or
cane-sugar of the nectar is very perfectly reduced to graye-
sugar, or dextrose and Uevulose. I imagine that they might
gather so rapidly that this reduction would be much less per-
fect— there being too little time for full digestion — in which
case we would have a large percentage of cane-sugar in the
honey, although it would be from floral sour'^es. Hives on
the scales here now (May 18) show 24 pounds per day. On the
other hand, if we should feed cane-sugar syrup very sparingly
this would be fully digested. I do not believe any chemist
would be justified in pronouncing upon the soarce of honey
from the percentage of cane-sugar which it contains. This is
no guess with me. It is the result of actual test.

Poisonous Honey.

Again we have an article in one of the bee-papers giving
a case of severe poisoning from the eating of honey. I have
often expressed in the papers my doubt of the truth of such
statements. I doubt if bees ever collect nectar from flowers
or other natural sources which results in poisonous honey.
Else, it seems to me, this kind of honey would be very much
more common. We know honey is often poisonous to certain
people, and is it not more than probable that such sickness
comes from over-eating or individual idiosyncrasy of the per-
son, and not that the honey is really poisonous ?

I have several times received this so called poisonous
honey, and have eaten it and received no harm at all. It
seems to me that the sickness can be explained with no accu-
sation against the honey in the explanation, while [ do not
see how we can believe in poisonous honey from flowers, and
find the occurrence so rare. I knew a whole lot of students
who were once made deathly sick by eating honey. They
found a bee-tree ; it was late in the forenoon, and they were
hungry. They ate immoderately, as boys will at such times,
and very few of them escaped the punishment for theii' in-
temperance. It would be folly to say that the honey that
they ate was poisonous.

Let us inquire further before we give too much credence
to this matter of poisonous honey-plants.

Los Angeles Co., (alii.

Ameiikanlsche Blenenzucht, by Hans Buschbaucr, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one Year — both for fl.7S. Address
all orders to this office.

Two Queens in One Hive

BY DR. G. BOHRER

DURING the present season I found in two different hives
two fertile queens, and both laying eggs in each hive. In
one case there was a 2-year-old queen with a clipped
wing. Early during the swarming season I opened the hive
and found several queen-cells sealed, and at once closed it,
expecting the colony either to cast a swarm or to supersede
the clipped queen, she being old. About one month later I
again opened the hive and found a fine young queen laying
eggs, and I set the frame she was on on the ground for safety
to her, as I wished to look through the hive for a frame of
brood with which to reinforce a weak colony. And on lifting
out the third frame I found the old clipped queen, still in
apparent health, and laying eggs. I removed her, and gave
her to a nucleus which she has built up to a fair colony.

In the other case, I had taken a good queen from a colony
in the last days of February, that had almost died out. I put
her into a cage, made by bending a piece of wire-cloth, 4
inches square, into a flattened cylinder, and placed it between
two frames in a colony of hybrids, where she could have ac-
cess to honey in case the bees refused to feed her. I kept her
there until in April, and took the queen that belonged to the
colony and liberated the caged queen. The bees injured her
by crippling one of her legs, and in a few days started queen-
cells, which I destroyed on two different occasions, and
thought they had abandoned the idea of superseding her. But
about one month later 1 opened the hive to remove the crip-
pled queen with a frame of brood, for the purpose of starting
a new colony, but I found a young queen, and took it for
granted that the crippled queeii had been superseded by this
young one.

I removed the hive to a new stand, thinking that I would
give them a queen I had sent for and was expecting in a few
days. On her arrival, I opened the hive to put in the new
queen, and began to look for queen-cells, knowing that there
would be some on the removal of their only queen, as I sup-
posed. I had not gone far until I found the crippled queen
and no queen-cells,' and also found plenty of fresh eggs ; thus
proving beyond all doubt that this queen had not been super-
seded, but that she was still fertile and laying eggs freely, and
is still doing so.

But in the presence of all this, in both instances it is
highly probable that both of these old queens would have
been destroyed, and the young queen left at the head of the
colony in each case.

I'have called attention to these cases not because they
will be of very great worth to the bee-keepers of the world,
but because they are interesting on account of the rarity of
such cases. In the first case, I feel quite confident that the
young queen had entered the hive through mistake, on her
return from her bridal trip, as I found no cells from which a
queen had lately emerged. Hut by the side of the hive I
found a nucleus deserted by nearly all the bees, their queen
being gone, and I supposed she had been lost on her bridal
trip until I found the young queen referred to. I have said
she had entered this hive through mistake, but possibly she
may have been reared in this hive, but I found no evidence to
that eftec, and it may be possible she entered this hive as a
matter of choice, it being far more densely populated than the
hive she was hatched in. There were so few bees in it that at
times no bees were visible on the outside, while the other
hive had more or less bees on the outside, about the entrance,
thereby possibly making it more attractive to a queen than a
hive with no bees in sight at the entrance.

Rice Co., Kan.

Advantages of Bottom Starters in Sections

BY KPWIN BEVIN8

ON page 485. it is asked who besides Dr. Miller has found
advantages in bottom starters. Thanks to Dr. Miller. I
have used bottom starters the last two seasons, and wish
I had begun their use when I began to keep bees. As I ship
most of my honey, I find their use a great help towards insur-
ing safe shipment. Better filled and therefore better looking
sections are made with than without them.

A top starter that comes almost down to the bottom-bar
of the section does not answer so good a purpose. The starter
is liable to get swerved to one side, and perhaps attached to
the separator.

I put in both starters with a Parker foundation fastener,
1 putting in the bottom one first. The work is done just before

712

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12, 1905

the sections are needed on the hives, and when the weather is
so warm that artificial heat is not needed. Dr. Miller uses a
Daisy fastener, and puts in the starters in cold weather. If I
had prepared a whole lot last winter, as he does, I should have
to carry most of them over till next season— a thing which I
would prefer not to do. The additional work required to put
in the bottom starters is not great, and bears no comparison
to the advantages which accrue from their use.

I will remark here that I have a Lewis foundation fast-
ener, but have never used it as the Parker does very well for
me.

When these bottom starters are used the bees, like Nature,
seem to abhor a vacuum, and they go right to work and close
up that little vacancy of a quarter inch or so between the two
starters. They will extend the comb and begin storing here
and a little above before they will do it next to the top-bar of
the section, i

Here I hope I may be pardoned for remarking a little on
the wastefulness of the practice of using only a narrow starter
at the top, especially in localities where the flow comes mainly
from white clover, and is therefore of limited duration. When
these narrow starters are used hundreds of bees in each and
every section must form themselves into the shape of a big V,
and stay there for days preparing storage room for that
which, during this delay, is being wasted in the fields. When
full sheets of foundation are used a hundred bees can find
room for work where but one can find it with the narrow
strip. I have marveled at the shortness of the time before
honey could be seen glistening in the tiny cells when the full
sheets of foundation are given. I have also marveled at the
rapidity with which supers with the full sheets are filled when
the honey-flow is good.

Some bee-keepers seem to have a preference for the nar-
row starter because of what they call the superior delicacy of
the product. Where do they find a markef for this delicacy
that will take it at a price commensurate with its additiotal
cost to produce ? The additional quantity of honey secured
by the use of full sheets of foundation will, I am sure, bring
more money than will be received from the added price of the
delicate product. If delicacy is what is wanted, why not get
it in the shape of the finest grades of extracted honev ? The
one who eats this kind does not have to eat any indig'estibility
in the shape of honey-comb. But when extracted honey is
mentioned, the specter of adulteration arises.

It is not creditable to the fighting qualities of extracted-
honey producers that this prejudice against their product goes
unrebuked and unremoved, especially in States that have a
pure food law. It is not creditable to the general public
that it will buy so much butter at 20 cents a pound and up-
wards, and so little good extracted honey at 8 or 10 cents.
The question of palatableness has of course to be left to the

eater, but the question of nutritive value must be left to the
chemist.

The difference in the nutritive value of a pound of butter
costing 20 cents, and of 2 pounds of honey costing 20 cents, is,
I believe, largely in favor of the honey.

It is hard for me to believe that there is not some way to
inspire in the mind of the public so large a degree of confi-
dence in the purity of extracted honey as to lead to its larger
use. I will reiterate what I have said before, that the small
towns and country districts should get more of it than they do
through the efforts of the local bee-keeper.

I will now turn myself into a peace plenipotentiary with
a view to the bringing about of a reconciliation between Dr.
Miller and Mr. Hasty. Dr. Miller puts bottom starters in his
sections and wants the lock corners down. Mr. Hasty wants
to know why, and the Doctor says that it is because — because
they look nicer so. How much difference there is between
"better" and " nicer " I will leave the Doctor to explain. I
will venture a guess that the lock corners sometimes have
some stains in the joints that do not get removed.

When Mr Hasty says that sections with lock corners up
are much more liable to be pulled apart in handling, he seems
not to remember that Dr. Miller not only uses bottom starters
but T tins also. The liability to pull apart is, I think, much
greater where section-holders are used than where T tins are
used. I use section-holders, and put the lock corners down.
It requires some care to avoid pulling apart, but I prefer to
use this care because — because the tops of the sections are
more easily cleaned when perfectly smooth, and look a little
better (or, shall I say, nicer?) when cased for shipment.

Just here f have concluded to give up the job of peace-
maker. The differences between the ideas and practices of
the two men are irreconcilable. Mr. Hasty's short-comings
are appalling. Here is a list of them :

1st. He wants the section, whether in pile or case, to stand
the other side up from what it was when being built. I sup-
pose that is to enable the honey all to run out in case of any
bruising or abrasion of the cappings.

2d. He doesn't say that he makes finger-prints in the
honey sometimes, but leaves the impression that he does.

3d. He leaves the supers on the hives till the bees have
removed the honey from the unsealed cells. How much
travel-stain does the surfaces of the sections acquire while
waiting, and how many bees are monkeying around there that
might be more profitably employed somewhere else ?

Lazy? No use for the interrogation point. Mr. Hasty
owns to the soft impeachment. So I will simply say, " Lazy."

Summing things all up, Mr. Hasty, you're a bad 'un. Re-
pent and reform, or have some fellow bigger'n you, with a
shingle in his right hand, take you across his knee.

Decatur Co., Iowa.

ConDcntton
Proceebiuigs

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, ill.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from page 6'i8.J
BEES AS PROPERTY, AND ASSESSABLE.

Mr. Swift — Our bees as property are not assessable under
the laws of the State of Illinois. If they are not assessable
and produce no revenue why should the State pay revenue
back? Take cattle or any animal that is diseased, every one
is assessed upon that animal and pays revenue into the State.

Dr. Miller — They may not be assessable but they are
assessed; I pay taxes on my bees.

Mr. Swift— You don't have to. They are not assessable.

Mr. Moore— You are a little in error, Mr. Swift, in the
schedule is a clause which says, "Other property." Nov\? to a
really conscientious man, if he calls bees property, he ought
to list them ; and I know of two or three who list them and
are assessed. Now if we are assessed, that will give us cer-
tain rights before the Legislature.

Mr. Swift — The only thing is this, bees come under that

class of fercB natum — they are wild by nature ; and conse-
quently anything of that character is like a flock of prairie
chickens — the farmer does not have to pay taxes on them.
Bees are not assessable under the revenue laws of the State
of Illinois unless a man chooses to list them as "other prop-
erty." Consequentlv this is my opinion. The Supreme Court
may differ from me — I am not certain it has ever been ad-
judicated upon by the Supreme Court — but I think they are
not assessable from the very fact that without any provoca-
tion a colony of bees does sometimes take wing and go away
in the spring. It is the very fluctuating character of the thing.
A man in the fall might have 100 colonies, and in the spring
he might not have more than 15, and according to Dr. Miller,
then, he has to go before the Board of Supervisors and the
Committee on Payments and present his claim for the loss
of his property, unless he chooses to pay on something he has not
got. Under those circumstances, the bees not being assessable, by
the very nature of the property, as property that is fixed
and tangible is, that can be gotten hold of or levied upon —
because I don't believe there is a sheriff in the State would
levy on a hive of bees — by that very fact you could not go
before the Legislature and ask any law that would give force
that a bee-keeper should be recompensed if his bees were
injured by being treated for foul brood or any disease. But if
you can get the Legislature to recognize that this is a source
of revenue for the State, and of wealth to the individual, and
his wealth in that way can be assessed and taxed as his money
and household goods and the things he can buy as the result
of his product, then they will legislate and will do what they
have done in the past — give you any appropriation for the
protection of that industry. But when you come to ask for
recompense for injury done by making the injured better,

Oct. 12, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

713

you have gone up against the wrong thing, and will meet a
snag every -time.

Mr. Dadant — I would be very glad to hear bees are not
assessable. I have been paying taxes on bees for many years.
The argument is very good but it is not only bees; there is
the hive, the combs, the brood, the honey, the supers and
sections of foundation and all that belongs to the hive. I
pay taxes on my bees; I pay taxes on the comb foundation
I manufacture. All this belongs to the bees. If the bees are
not assessable, and all this other part of the property is not
taxable, I have $15,000 worth of goods on hand. I have been
paying taxes, and I would be ashamed not to pay taxes.

Mr. Swift— Mr. Dadant does not bear in mind that he is
in a manufacturing industry.

Mr. Dadant — We would suffer from foul brood if our
bees had it.

Mr. Swift — You say your wax does not get affected by
foul brood. As a manufacturer with an industry with a
capital stock, then, you would be assessed upon it whether in-
corporated or as an individual ; but here is a man that has
got 50 colonies of bees on his farm— I don't believe he can
be assessed on them. If a test case was made, from the very
fact of its fluctuating character, I do not believe he could
be assessed. The honey might be assessed, and possibly the
hive, if you could fix what the value would be, but not that
which deteriorates and is so fluctuating it would be almost
impossible to determine. But the product of the bees in his
possession is property that is assessable. Just the same as in
your commission business if you have a thousand cases of
honey in your warehouse on the first day of April you are
assessed upon that, upon its market value, upon a fifth of its
fair cash valuation. But upon bees out in the field there is
no assessment. I don't believe it ever can lie.

Mr. Colburn — I had hoped to continue this discussion on
foul brood because I am. particularly interested in it. I am
no lawyer, but listening to the gentleman here I want to say
this, he makes a particular point of ferce noturce. I want to
ask if the wild ox and the wild goat and all animals were
not at one time fercu natura? Mr. France has a great many
papers here pertaining to the legal status of bees. Quite a
number of decisions have been made lately in regard to that
very point. Bees sometimes leave my premises and go on the
premises of my neighbor. The question is whether I could
go after them or not. Mr. France might be able to tell us
about the legal status. As to bees being assessable in con-
sequence of their fluctuating nature, you might answer the
question by saying a man might have 50 cows on his place
and they may all die. Therefore I don't consider that is a
good argument in that view of the case, for the assessor
doesn't care a cent what is to become of that property ; if he
finds it in my possession he will assess it. The big factories
up in the stock yards have a million, or two million dollars'
worth of pork piled up there. When the assessor goes around
It is all in New York, but if it is there he will assess it. The
same way with bees. I think they are assessable if they are
there at the time the assessor comes around.

Mr. Kimmey — I .want you to indulge me just a minute.
All of these men who have talked want this discussion
stopped. I am responsible because I asked the question. I
used to be a lawyer myself. I didn't know much law and
have forgotten a good deal I once knew. But I commenced
it! 1868 in the business and have been connected with it ever
since, and after listening to Mr. Swift on the question whether
bees are assessable or not, I believe he is mistaken.

Pres. York — They used to be when you studied law !

Mr. Kimmey — You men that have been convicted at law
don't say anything. You remember the Irishman who said,
"I don't want to go to trial." The judge says, "You needn't
be afraid, you will get justice, and he jailed." He replied,
"That's just what I don't want." [Laughter.] It is true my
bees go out on my neighbor's lawn and gather their honey,
but it is also true that bees have been recognized by the laws
of this country as property, but prairie chickens have not
You can steal bees but you can't go over to the other man's
farm and steal nrairie chickens. Of course you can commit
trespass. But when you steal a colony of bees don't you !" -
lieve they are fcrte natura and that you can get out ni it
You will go to the penitentiary, probably. He can sell tli
prairie chickens after he shoots them.

Mr. Smith— He can't sell them after he shoots them.

Mr. Kimmey— There is another fellow that has Ijccii
caught. [Laughter.] If you obey the law you can sliooi
them. There is a certain time of the year. Do we want to
say we are going to own property that is valuable to us. (nit

of which we make our living, and that it is not assessable?
If there is any such idea as that let us be honest and fair and
drop it. If they are not assessable I think they should be
made so. I rather insist upon Mr. Moore making a state-
ment because he came to my house and we had a peculiar
experience down there. Mr. Moore came to me from visiting
an educated gentleman, a man that knows all about the
anatomy of the bee and foul brood, and that sort of thing,
and Mr. Moore told me that this gentleman had one case
of foul brood. I had never seen any and I wanted to see,
and feel, and smell it. I went up there and I told the gentle-
man that I wanted to see the colony of bees that Mr. Moore
said had foul brood. He says, "You can't see any foul brood
here." He also said he had once been cleaned out entirely
by foul brood. I was ready to believe there was something
there. I know he bought some bees of another neighbor who
had foul brood. I had some of the same bees ; in fact, the
only ones I had to commence with came from there. I was
interested in it. He said he had a small nucleus that was
doing fairly well and in the meantime had a hive full of comb,
no bees, and he wanted those bees to take care of that comb,
and so set the hive with the comb on top of the nucleus. Con-
sequently the queen and some of the bees moved out, and then
came the cold weather last spring and the brood in the lower
hive died. I was ready to believe that story. He also said
that Mr. Moore said he was not an expert. I suppose Mr.
Moore said the same things to him that he said this morning.
I took it for granted there was no foul brood, and didn't in-
sist upon an examination. It seemed to me, then, and it
seems to me now— I want to be frank and fair about it — Mr.
Moore either ought to know what foul brood is, without go-
ing two years to the agricultural college, or else Mr. Moore
ought to stop inspecting. I believe after hearing him talk
here this morning that the bees of the gentleman I referred
to had foul brood, and that Mr. Moore knew it. I think
he wants to shake off some of his modesty and say he knows
foul brood when he sees it. I want to mention another thing
this gentleman told me. He said, "Notwithstanding I believe
there is no foul brood I am going to burn that thing up, hive
and everything," which he did that night ; and I believe that
is the proper spirit that any one should show even though
one may have a doubt in regard to it. A hive of bees of
course is not of much consequence, but if he finds it in one,
and there is more than one hive, he should be willing to "in-
vestigate. Mr. Moore came to my place and looked my
colonies over and did it in a very thorough manner, for which
I am obliged to him. I said, "How much do I owe you?"
He replied, "You owe me just one dollar, and I want you to
pay it to join the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation. I want to state the facts, and I am impelled more
to say it by the remarks the gentleman made in the rear of
the room. I believe Mr. Moore has done his duty, and he is
a good man, and I don't want him to go around saying, "I
Hon't know," when he does.

Mr. Moore — I am not correctly quoted in the case which
Mr. Kimmey has mentioned. The gentleman Mr. Kimmey
referred to merely plays with bees for pleasure. He told me
he had practically been cleaned out with foul brood, but that
he hadn't any at that time; and I certainly told him, as I
have told everybody, that I knew foul brood when I saw it,
absolutely, and I do know it. When it comes to these scien-
tific matters, in which every subject is involved if you come
right down to the very bottom of it, I say I am not an e.xpert,
as Mr. France or Mr. McEvoy is, because I have not got
their years of experience. But I absolutely know foul brood,
and I told that gentleman so, and he said, "I haven't got it.'
We examined one or two of his hives and the bees were very
cross ; I got stung repeatedly. We had smoke, too, lots of it.
When we got done with that hive I showed him he had foul
brood, and I showed him the proofs of it, and he admitted
that it was foul brood. There was also pickled brood in the
same frame with it in the same colony; and he didn't deny to
me at all he had foul brood in his apiary.

Mr. Kimmey — When Mr. Moore was in our section he
went to every bee-keeper he could find, and spared neither
time nor pains in going to the bottom of all of them. I gave
him the name of every bee-keejier I knew within five or six
miles, and I understand from Iiearing from them that he
visited all of them.

Dr. Miller — I have a resolution to offer : "Resolved, That
it is the sense of this Convention that it is desirable that bees
should be assessed and taxed."

Mr. Smith — I might say that that same resolution was
passed at the State Bee-Keepers' Convention two weeks ago,
in Springfield.

714

IHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12, 190S

Mr. Moore — I want to correct some of these lawyers that
are talking about common law and State law. Whenever the
Illinois Legislature raises its hands it wipes the common la-v
off the land.

Pres. York put the motion, and a vote having been taken
it was declared carried.

BLACK BROOD — PICKLED BROOD.

Mr. Colburn — We hear about black brood, and this sum-
mer I ran across two or three symptoms in my apiary of
something not exactly like foul brood. Some four years ago
up on the North Side I had an apiary and I had something
I didn't understand, so I sent a portion of the brood to Dr.
Howard, and he returned it stating it was not foul brood,
but pickled brood. This year I have something just like both,

I

and not like either. I think possibly we may be getting a
little taste of black brood ; and possibly the reason we differ
is that we are looking at things from different points, or rather
have a different disease ; that may account for the discrepancy
of symptoms, etc., which we find in different hives.

Dr. Miller — I rise to a question of privilege. I have a
whole lot of speeches on foul brood, and I know you would
be delighted to hear them, but I think the time is passing,
and I believe we ought to hear from Mr. France.

Mr. France — I don't know just what part of this discus-
sion you want. Do you want the description so that you may
know without guessing when you look into a hive or not?

Dr. Miller — Give that first as briefly as you can.
(Coatiaued next w^eek.)

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TXix. ^asty 5 Clftcrtl^ouat^ts

The "Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

J

Pltting Weak Colonies Over Strong.

And now we have a report of 6 colonies put
over G stronger ones and left a long time —
left till the middle of June, and still not a
queen killed. And to malse it seem more re-
marliable, they were on shallow frames. Still,
on rertection, we may decide that it's not
much of a "booster" for the new method,
after all. They were bees of a very quiet
disposition to begin with; and our perishing
remnants are not always such. These colonies
were sufficiently strong that they scarcely
needed anything in particular done for them —
/. ', . hardly the kind of colonies we have been
studying. They were strong enough to be
above the temptation to abandon their own
organization and join as individuals a stronger
crowd. This is what works the ruin in many
of the cases of failure, I suspect. While alone
it's " root hog or die;" but when put in the
same hive with a more prosperous colony the
third alternative of naturalization presents
itself; and they accept it until the queen has
no one to protect her (or thinks she's coming
to that). All the same, we can thank E. W.
Diefendorf for his very instructive record.
Page 604.

Only 1 Swarm from Each 9 Colonies.

Only 30 swarms from 371 colonies is quite
a record. The apparent reason of it — s'eady
and abundant honey-flow — is the point for us
to remember. You see, in these days every-
thing is being called in question; and some of
our professional idol-smashers are liable any
day to deny with contemptuous laughter that
swarming is ever hindered by abundant honey
in the fields. Let's have this item of Wm.
Kernan's ready for him. Page 604.

Dark Honet Below and White Above.

Fine theory, to have all vacant space below
filled with dark honey, and so much the more
white honey put above. Sometimes, with
some bees. I guess it would work. If I should
try it maybe expansion of the brood-nest
would take place, and the dark honey be
moved up ai)0ve to mi.\ in. Page 613.

Section Honet Never Poisonous.

Natives who chew up combs, brood, feath-
ers and all, might possibly get poison where
there was none in the honey. Also even with
poison present in the cells of thin sweet pre-
pared for immediate use, there might be none
in the sealed surplus honey. That poison
should be only in wild honey as noted, may
be because it comes from a plant that grows
only in limited localities, and those localities
all distant from the white man's bee-keeping.
I'll guess, however, that the New Zealand
poison comes in always in small quanlites,
and never at a time of year wJien surplus is be-
ing stored. Consequently, it is always in or
near the brood-nest, and troubles nobody ex-
cept when the broodnest is broken up, as it is
n getting honey from a bee-tree. The possi-

bility of a poisonous fungus, growing in the
pollen of the hive in cold weather, should not
be forgotten. This would account for simi-
larity of symptoms in widely different locali-
ties. Also vindicates the common sense of
the bees — pollen not poispnous when they
brought it in. I rather think it remains to be
proved (with no probability of there ever be-
ing any proof) that serious poisoning ever re-
sulted from section honey, or from extracted
honey if produced as it should be — in a super
entirely away from the brood.

It wouldn't pay the Association to dis-
tribute that Lancet article free. Page 613.

Color op Beeswax.

I'm not sure he is wrong, but I think he is —
0. P. Dadant, on page 616, where he says
' beeswax is always white when first pro-

duced." The way it stands in my mind is
this: When beeswax is produced by bees
that have been mostly at secreting wax for a
long time the scales are white; but when pro-
duced by bees that have recently been digest-
ing large amounts of pollen to feed young
brood, the scales have a yellow tinge to start
with — blood and secretions and all getting
some of the superabundant coloring-matter
of the pollen. May be I'm wrong. Analogy:
Absolutely pure butter is white, I suppose.
The food the cow gets in January does not
color it; but the food the cow gets in June
colors it yellow.

Vest-Pocket Foundation Holder.

Capital, Editor York! Just one of the
simplest, cheapest, and most effective of ways
to combat the manufactured-honey fib. A nice
little holder for the vest-pocket with comb
foundation in it. Should contain at least two
pieces, one of surplus foundation and one of
brood foundation. Show the good folks right
and left one of the props the fib rests on. And
yet Mr. Wheeler has worked on this line and
things oft went badly awry. No. 1 retold to
No. 2, and he to No. 3; and somewhere on
the line the new and truthful explanation got
changed back into the old falsehood or some-
thing about as bad. Queer creatures humans
are. Page 617.

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®ur 23ec Keeping Sisters

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Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

=/

What Has the Harvest Been?

What have the sisters accomplished this
year? Please let us have your report, if it is
nothing more than a postal card saying how
the harvest has been. If the total amount of
honey is given, please give also the number of
colonies, spring count.

Can't the sisters do a little better than the
brothers in this respect? Every now and then
a brother reports something like this: "I
got 1500 pounds of nice section honey this
year," but forgets to say a word as to how
many colonies he got it from. From that
statement alone one gets no idea whether the
season was bad or good. If he had only 10
colonies, then l.'i pounds was phenomenal,
but if he had lOU it was a failure. Either he
should give along with the amount of his
crop the number of colonies he started the
season with, or he should give the average
yield per colony. Indeed, it wouldn't be a
bad thing to give both.

But any kind of a report from each of the
sisters will be welcomed, together with any
little item of interest that may occur. Please
let us hear from all.

Bee-Smokers with Light Springs

In many things a woman, with less
strength, wants things lighter than a man.
But the rule does not apply to smokers. A
woman, when working at bees, needs just as

big a smoke as a man. Neither does the one
with a few colonies need a smaller smoker
than one with 100. For all the difference In
the price, one may as well have a good-sized
smoker as a toy, even if one has only 2 colo-
nies. To be sure, a smoker is not used a
great deal with 2 colonies, but when one is
needed a good one is needed, one that will
hold a lot and give a big volume of smoke, if
a big volume is needed. And a colony needs
just as big a smoke if it's the only one in the
apiary as if there are 99 others beside it.

But there is one thing a woman ought to
insist upon in a smoker. For that matter, so
should a man. That one thing is a light
spring. There is no sense in having the
spring in a smoker so stiff that one's hand
feels like cramping after half a day's work.
All the stiffness needed in a spring is enough
to throw open the bellows without letting the
smoker drop out of the hand. Smokers in
general are made with springs much too
heavy, but if you insist upon it you can get
one with a light spring.

Results of the Season at Dr. Miller's

The season of 19(1."), at Marengo, as in many
other places, was one of brilliant promise re-
sulting in more or less blasted hopes. White
clover was in great abundance, and the bees
had more than they could do. About the
third week in July, however, the (low closed.
White clover seemed as abundant as ever, and

Oct, 12, 190S

tHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

715

so continued for weeks after it ceased to yield
nectar. It didn't seem too dry nor too wet ;
neither too hot nor too cold; nothing ap-
peared to be wrong with the clover bloom,
but it just stopped yielding. There were one
or two little spurts, but they didn't last. So
a good lot of the sections we had prepared
were never taken out of the shop.

Too much faith in the great prospects made
us unusual trouble with unfinished sections,
and it would have been better if so many had
not been put on. But the prospect when they
were put on was just as great as it was at the
same time in 1903. and if the yield had con-
tinued as it did in that year, there would have
been loss with less sections on. So how is a
body to tell?

One good thing about it was that there was
no tniuble from the harvest gradually shad-
ing of from white clover into darker honey.
The last was of the same quality as the first.

A peculiarity this year was that until near
the last of September no bees were seen at
the watering places. Usually they visit these
places more or less throughout the season.

Taking account of stock, here is the way
the matter stands for the season :

1"S colonies, spring count, gave 11,500
pounds of comb honev and increased to 218
colonies. Part of that 11,50018 estimated, but
the estimate is under rather than over the
mark.

After all, a yield of Giji pounds per colon.y
with 22 percent increase is by no means so
bad as it might be. Indeed, if we could be
sure of as much every year it would do very
well. But. then, we had counted on such
big things for 1905.

Honey-and-AImond Paste

Probably few of the sisters feel they have
time for a •■ beauty massage," but it maybe
well tor them to know that honey is an im-
portant ingredient of the paste used for that
purpose, in case some one else wants to know
about it. Here's a recipe taken from "The
Quest for Beauty," in the Chicago Daily News:

"To make hone.r-and-almond paste to use
in massaging the arms, rub the yolks of two

eggs with }{ pound of extracted honey and 2
ounces of ground bitter almonds. Then add
slowly 2 ounces of almond oil and •„ dram
each of attar of cloves and attar of berga-
mot."

Our Latest Swarm

Not long ago some one asked what was the
latest we had ever had a ewarm. This year
we had one Sept. 22. It seemed a very fool-
ish thing for a swarm to issue at that time,
when there was nothing yielding nectar, and
nothing but certain death to look forward to ;
hut bees sometimes do foolish things. No
one knew where the swarm came from, so it
could not be returned But it was a very
accommodating swarm, and settled on a fence-
post, 60 all that was needed was to hold a hive
on top of the post till the bees went up into it.

Results of the Season

My 10 colonies, spring count, gave me about
300 pounds of white honey. I think there
will not be half as much late honey. This is
a poor locality, as the farmers raise so many
grapes and potatoes. My golden Italians,
from a queen received last year, did not
swarm this year, but gave me 75 pounds of
honey, and are in tine condition for winter.

Honey moves off slowly here. I sell mine
to customers in the country and surrounding
villages. Mrs. Nellie G. Pa.xson.

Erie Co., N. Y., Oct. 2.

Bees Did Fairly Well

My bees did fairly well this season consid-
ering the weather, for we had a great deal of
rain through white clover, and also during
buckwheat. I secured 650 pounds of surplus
honey from !30 colonies, spring count, and had
only 9 swarms. My bees are in good condi-
tion for winter.

I enjoy working with the bees. They are a
great study. Mks Martin Schlemmer.

.I'llferson Co., Pa., Sept. 25.

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X)octor ITliUcr 5 Quc5tion=^ox

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•^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

J'

Bee-Smokers and Smoker-Fuel

1. What kind of a bee-smoker does Dr.
Miller use *

2. What is the best smoker-fuel? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Cornell and Bingham. In
one thing I want a smoker different from
usual. I want a light spring. J don't think
there's any good reason in wasting strength
to use a smoker with a spring as heavy as
those usually sent out.

2. A whole lot of them. We are using
chips from the chip-yard. Not because they
are the best in the world, although they are
excellent, but because they are for us a little
more convenient than anything else as good.
Cotton-waste, burlap, hard wood, etc., are as
good or better ; but we can get the chips more
easily. Something else may be better for you,
because more easily obtained.

tiettine Bees to Adulterate Honey-
Kinds of Italian Bees

I am a beginner, having started with T colo-
nies last spring in box-hives, and have in-
creased to 15. Some seem to be good and
some not so good, but they may all be the
same by spring — dead I

1. If honey is pure nectar from the flowers,

then would not liees fed sugar syrup till they
store it in the sections and cap it over pro-
duce adulterated honey? Or can the bees
separate the part of honey there might be in
the sweet and cast the rest away? It seems
to me that the arguments are that extracted
honey could be adulterated and could contain
some glucose. What is glucose composed of?
There is some kind of table molasses that bees
will not bother with at all. I have mixed it
with sugar and made syrup which they took
gladly. Now I believe that the sugar and
pancake syrup both were converted into honey.
If either or both contained glucose and it was
carried in, stored and capped, was it honey
afterward? If so, was it adulterated?

2. If I should fwd bees adulterated honey
would I get in turn good, pure honey about
pound for pound' I fed bees thin syrup
one day, and the next morning found water
running outofihi; hive, but with no sweet
taste. It tasted, as nearly as I could tell, like
rainwater. It hml been extracted by the bees
from the syrup.

3. How many strains of Italian bees are
tberei I see 3 banded, 5-banded, long-tongue,
red clover, yellow, etc. Do they all mean 3
and 5 banded Italians?

4. Who is the largest bee-keeper in Amer-
ica, and where is he located? About what is
his average nuuiliei of colonies? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. If you should get the bees
to store either snu'ir or glucose, it would not

be honey, or if you chose to call it so, it
would be adulterated. Glucose, if ohemieally
pure, is composed of much the same material
as honey, but its cost is more than the price
of honey. The commercial article contains
impurities which make it unfit food for man
or bee.

2. No, it would still be adulterated, and
there would be considerable loss in feeding.
The bees are always throwing off moisture
from the food they consume, whether you are
feeding them or not; and when the walls of
the hive are cold enough the moisture con-
denses on them, often trickling out of the en-
trance.

3. I don't know how many kinds there are.
If you had all the kinds in the world, you
might start another kind by giving a different
name to yours. Pure Italians are supposed to
be those whose workers have 3 yellow bands.

4. I don't know; there are several who have
a large number of colonies, and the number
is so constantly changing that the one who
had most last year may not have the most this
year.

Referring to an omitted part of your letter,
you are quite right to use just as little smoke
as possible; and your plan of finding the
queen by running the bees through excluder
zinc, although well known, is good.

Best Bees and Hlve-Flndlng a
Location

Before long I contemplate purchasing a
farm " Out West," in the United States, and
should like to know which are the best parts
in which to purchase— where the land will
increase in value, and yet be good for general
farming, poultry keeping and beekeeping.
I have lived " Out West " before, but where I
lived the land has gone up to such a value
that I think there is nothing in it. My prop-
erty here is on sale now. I shall buy no land
or farm until 1 have seen it,

1. Which bee among the following is con-
sidered the best all-purpose bee, and which
makes the best cross: Black, Carniolan, 3-
banded Italian, and Cyprian?

2 Which hive do you consider the best all-
purpose hive, that is, for producing comb
honey, also extracted honey ?

3 Wbitjh State among the following do you
consider the best for all-purpose farming (and
name a few places where good land can be
bought that would be likely to go up in
value) ; Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska,
and Oklahoma Territory ?

4. Could you name two or three reliable
land dealers? England.

Answers.— 1. The lalian seems to be mostly
in favor as a general-purpose bee. There are
some bees of mixed Italian and black blood
that are good, and Prof. Benton speaks
highly of a cross between Italians and Car-
niolans.

2. That seems to be more or less a matter
of taste, and perhaps there is nothing better
than the dovetailed, which is nothing more
nor less than a plain Langsiroth hive with
lock-joint corners.

3 Probably there isn't very much difference.
In each of them you'll find the desired condi-
tions. Oklahoma being the newest, probably
has the best chance for going up in price.

4. I don't know; that's outside the scope
of a bee-paper; but advertisements of them

abound.

-.• — ^^^^ — •

The Hive auestlon and a Beginner

A manufacturing business keeps me in the
city throughout the day, but at other times I
live in the country. In the mornings and
afternoons there is opportunity for divers out-
door work, or rather recreation. For many
years I have been interested in entomology,
yet it was only last spring that I was taken
with the fever to "grow bees. "

May 19 a swarm of common brown bees
was obtained from a farmer about S miles dis-
tant from my home; these were installed in a
new lOframe Kangstroth {Root-Dovetail)
hive; the bees prospered, and on June 15a
super was put on, the sections having narrow
foundation starters. By Sept. 1, 4 sections
were partiall.v filled with honey, and some 10

716

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12 1905

or 12 others partially filled with comb, about
one-fourth of which is drone-comb.

Frequent practice on this first hive dissi-
pated " bee-trembles," and June 7 a second
empty hive was bought, into which was put a
1-frame nucleus of bees and a select tested
golden Italian queen. On each side of the
nucleus were hung full sheets of foundation,
the remaining frames being fitted with half
sheets of foundation. Despite excessive rains
during the summer (about 3 feet of rainfall)
the yellow bees have prospered, and the hive
now contains 5 frataes of brood, 2 frames full
of honey, and 3 frames being drawn out in
snowy comb; there is promise that this col-
ony will be very strong before cold weather
in December.

After reading all available bee-catalogs, a
copy of "Langstroth on the Honey-Bee" was
purchased, and the American Bee Journal
subscribed for. Then my troubles began;
between the conflict of opinions in the book
and Journal, aggravated by " original " views
of neighbors, I am floored. One authority
maintains that a deep frame is best, another
contends for the shallow closed-end frame;
neighbor B says my 10-frame hives are too
wide, while neighbor C tells me that B knows
nothing about bees, and so it goes. In the
meantime the reading is continued, the bees
themselves are watched, and I am beginning
to have opinions of my own.

1. Well, in anticipation of next year I must
soon determine the style of hive best adapted
to this section of country ; my conclusions
based on reading, asking, and three months'
observation of two hives, inclines me to the
deep Langstroth (ll'i inches) with lO-frames
and full sheets of loundation. This large
hive full of hustling bees should yield (theo-
retically) excellent results. Do you think so,
too?

2. Will any advantage follow the use of a
telescope cover (as on the Langstroth-Dadant
hive), furnishing about ij inch air-space all
around the super and upper edge of the hive-
body, comb honey being wanted from some
and extracted honey from other hives? The
hives are to be left outdoors all winter, en-
trances reduced, and absorbent (dried maple
leaves) put over the brood-chamber.

3. My hives are on stands one foot high. Is
it better to have them rest on the ground?

4 Is the Alley method of queen-rearing
suited to a novice? I know more about rear-
ing beetles and bugs than about " growing
bees."

L.5. If virgin queens are reared from the
golden Italian queen, and drones from the so-
called "Adel" Italian queen, will such a
cross produce useful workers, or will there be
a tendency towards prettiness at the expense
of other and more valuable qualities?

While bee-keeping with me is not primarily
a money-making venture, I want to start
right. There is a fascination about it, and I
continue to wonder why I never " took to the
varmints (?) " before. Virginian.

Answers. — I have read with no little in-
terest the account of your perplexities on
being initiated into the ranks of bee-keepers.
You may just as well make up your mind
that you will always meet such contradic-
tions. For more than 40 years I've been at it,
and there seem to be just as many contradic-
tory views as ever. But it will hardly kill
you. The fact that I am still alive, and out-
side the walls of an insane asylum, may re-
assure you. Indeed, I think that one of the
fascinating things about bee-keeping is that
very element of uncertainty; always some
unsettled problem, always the search after
the truth, which, in many cases, eludes one's
grasp like a will-o'-the-wisp, but always with
just enough success to make one eager to
keep up the pursuit. I hope that your in-
terest may increase rather than abate, and
that this may not be the last time you are
driven to this Question-Box.

1. I'm afraid you'll have to do some ex-
perimenting on your own account before you
can have a satisfactory answer to your ques-
tion. One thing in favor of such large hives
is the freedom from swarming. Yet you can
not count too strongly on that. At one time
I had two " Jumbo '■ hives, and looked for-
ward hopefully to good results the following
year. Would you believe it? the next sum-
mer the first swarm I had issued from one of

these Jumbo hives ! For extracting you can
count pretty safely on them ; but as to comb
there is need of experimenting riijht in your
locality.

2. Yes, that space will be of value. Instead
of air, it might be better to have it filled with
cork-dust.

3. Better for the hives to be up ; better for
the operator to have them down. Also a lit-
tle better for the bees to have them down.
They can crawl in more easily when they
drop to the ground heavily-laden in front of
the hive. Try most of them down.

4. Yes, there's nothing difficult about it.

5. If ijoth parents are good I see no reason
why the cross should not be good.

Kcports anh
(fxpcrtenccs

Very Poof Season for Bees

The season of 1905 started off in elegant
shape. White clover came on early, and
things were humming — -especially the bees —
and we got ready to swipe a large lot of sweet
stuff. Things went on swimmingly, and we got
the supers on— 2, 3 and 4 to the hive — and the
bees were just tumbling over each other to fill
them, and we were leaning back in our easy
chair thinking what a lot of honey we were
going to have to sell, and planning how we
would spend the money we got for it — when,
all at once without warning, presto ! and the
honey-gathering stopped, and the bees got
cross and hung around the hives and house
looking for a scrap ; and all this before we
had gotten a single section of honey filled
out!

White clover continued to bloom, but the
bees paid no attention to it, and did no more
gathering until the heartsease came on, and
we have had so much rain and east wind that
they have not done much on that. We will
have a few hundred pounds of extracted, but
no comb honey to speak of. Well, we sup-
pose such is life in the West, and in other
places as well.

The American Bee Journal is like Castoria
or Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup in a family
of children — we can't get along without it.
We would like to have it every day, but as we
can't we will take it as often as we can get it.
Long may it continue to enlighten the Ameri-
can public on the subjects of bee-keeping
and — so-called manufactured comb honey.
J. M. LiNSCOTT.

Gage Co., Nebr., Sept. 21.

A Summer's Experience with 3

, __ Colonies ^ L:::;^

I desire to present a few facts from my ex-
perience this summer in the management of 3
colonies of bees, which appears to me to be im-
portant when the end aimed at is pounds -of
honey.

In the fall of 1904 I put into the cellar 2
strong colonies of bees in 10-frame hives; also
one nucleus. One of the strong colonies had
an Italian queen and the other a native
queen; there was also a native queen in the
nucleus.

About March 20 I took them out, all 3 in
apparently fine condition. The 2 strong col-
onies built up rapidly, the Italian rather out-
stripping its darker rival both in honey and
brood, when about May 20 each had honey
and brood in 10 frames. I then gave each of
them 10 frames in another brood-chamber,
supplied partly with full sheets of foundation
and partly with comb, moving a frame of
brood into the upper story, making a 20-
frame hive of each.

At about this time I noticed that the nu-
cleus was not thriving, and an examination

Northern King Queens

One Untested, 50c; Tested, $1.00. Try one.
Address, B. F. SCHMIDT, R.F.D. 1,
North Buena Vista, Clayton Co., Iowa.

showed that they were queenless. I gave
them a frame of brood from the Italian col-
ony, and they were slow about starting
queen-cells, but in due time I had an inferior
looking queen, which I replaced a little later
with a queen purchased in the South.

About June 20 I noticed, while examining
the Italian colony, a frame in the upper
brood-chamber with 2 uncapped queen-cells
with an embryo queen in each — a most un-
welcome condition of things, as I had decided
to test the merits of those 2 strong colo-
nies. Accepting what appeared to me to be
inevitable (swarming), I decided to anticipate
the job, and about a week later I brushed the
bees into an 8 frame hive, gave them 6 frames
with starters, and contracted the brood-cham-
ber to meet the conditions, and put on a sec-
tion super with queen-excluding zinc-board.

I was surprised while looking over the
frames of brood in not finding more than the 2
queen-cells, which I had previously noticed.
I destroyed one of the queen-cells and started
a nucleus with the other, using 4 frames of
brood and honey. The other 16 frames I put
with the original nucleus, which I wintered
over.

About July 20 the original colony of Ital-
ians, which were now confined to 6 frames,
swarmed. I happened to be in the garden at
the time. The old queen came out with the
bees in a condition apparently too feeble to
fiy, and I found her crawling around on the
ground near the entrance. I caged her and

^[SolidGeid

Fountain Pen

Free!

Finally, we have found, a
good Fountain Pen tiiat is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than $1.25 for
other fountain pens, it's for
the name.

This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work perfectly, and
give satisfaction. The Gold
Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with
selected Iridium. The Hold-
ers are pure Para Rubber,
handsomely finished. The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow of ink. Each pen is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.

How to Get this

Fountain Pen Free!

To a present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this Fountain Pen free as a
premium for sending- us 3
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the
weekly American Bee Journal
for one year (with $3.(X)).
Surely, this is an easy way to
get a good Fountain Pen. Or,
if unable to get the new

subscribers, and you want one
of these Pens, forward to us
$1.25 and we will send it to
you by return mail. Or for
$2.00 we will send to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pen.

This Fountain Pen would
be a splendid gift to a friend
or relative. Why not order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-Tieeper as a present ?

Address all orders to

George W. York & Co ,

Chicago. Ill,

Full Size.

Oct. 12. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

717

allowed the bees to return to the hive. It
then occurred to me that the bees had been
trying to supersede the old queen when they
had 20 frames, and were still attempting to do
the same thing, and. in addition, some swarm-
ing, as their quarters were too confined. An
examination showed that they had another
queen and 10 or 12 queen-celle. I brushed
the 6 combs and provided the bees with 6 new
frames with starters, and started another nu-
cleus with the 6 frames of brood and honey
taken away. Now this all resulted from the
mistaken notion that the bees were getting
ready to swarm when in the 20-frame colony.

Now as to results in honey-pounds: I got
from this colony twice brushed about 50
pounds of section honey. From the original
native-bee colony, which 1 built up by add-
ing additional brood-chambers until it con-
tained 50 Langstroih frames, about 200
pounds of extracted honey, and by the same
management I believe I should have gotten
2.50 or 300 pounds from the Italian colony,
as they appear to me to be superior to their
darker sisters.

To the credit of the Italian colony I have 2
nuclei, one of which I shall have to feed this
fall.

I will say in explanation of that ,50-frame
colony, that I do not own an extractor, and
was compelled to build them up in that fash-
ion to meet their increasing needs; however,
I believe there is no plan so likely to bring
about good results as this building-up plan,
by the addition of more brood-frames and the
consequent space for expansion and storage
thus obtained; and, conversely, the S-frame
brood-chamber and super, with its swarm-en-
gendering proclivities, is the plan most com-
monly pursued with results in honey-pounds
practically nil in this locality.

A. E. BnRDicK, M.D.

Palo Alto Co., Iowa, Sept. 19.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

The National Bee-Keepers' Association
holds its annual convention at the Revere
House, corner of Clark and Michigan streets,
in Chicago, during the Fat Stock Show, when
exceedingly low rates may be secured on the
railroads. The dates for the meeting are Dec.
5, 6 and 7. Rates at the hotel are "5 cents for
a room alone, or 50 cents each, where two
occupy the same room. Meals are extra, or
they may be secured at near-by restaurants.
W. Z. Hutchinson, -Sec.

Illinois.— The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois and Soottaern Wisconsin Bee Keepers'
Association will be held at Rcickford, 111 , uct.
17 and 18, 1905. All those interested in bees and
honey are requested to attend, as no pains will
be spared to make this meeting the most suc-
cessful of its kind ever held

J. W. Johnson, Sec.

Minnesota^ Wisconsin. — The annual meeting
of the Souiheastern Minnesota and Western
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at the County Commissioners' Rooms in
the Court Honse at Winona, Minn., on Oct. 24
and 2f, 1905, at 10 a.m. of each day. All bee-
keepers invited with their wives, and help to
make the convention a snccess.

JosETH M. Reitz, Sec.

W. K. Bates, Pres.

Georgia.— The Southern Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold a meeting in Atlanta, Ga.,
during the State Fair, Oct. 20, at 10 a.m., on the
Fair Grounds, at the apiarian exhibit. All bee-
keepers and those interested are ioTited to at-
tend and take part. Jddson Heard, Sec.

40-Page Catalog Free!
Fullinformation regardinK all binds of BBE*
KEBPBRS' 8DPPL1E9, Best goodB. l^atest Im-
provements. DBDzenbaber Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipmeou. John Nibel & Bon Stpply
Co.. High Hill, «lo, SDtf

Mention Bee Journal when writing;.

A FEW

NICE....

Italian Queens

Only 50 cents each.

J. F. MIGHflEL, Ri. 1, Winchester, Ind.

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlns.

.4 How the Canadians Like
^ Moore's Strain of Italians

.1. L. Byer, Markham, Ont.. Can., says:

"1 use a very large hive and have been getting Italian stock from different breeders,
and yours are the only Italians that fill up my big hives with rousing big colonies. They
winter splendidly, out-doors, are hustlers after honey, and not one queen has yet casta
swarm."

Untested Queens 75c each; six, $4; dozen, ¥7 50

Select Untested $1.00 each; six, $5; dozen, $9.00

Descriptive circular free. I am now filling orders by return mail, and shall
probably be able to do so until the close of the season.

29Dtf

J. P. MOORE, Rt. 1, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

Mention Bee Journal ivben writing.

i

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

-OF-

>^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

W^W

▼ ▼▼▼

"▼■•▼▼▼▼▼▼▼■

▼ ▼▼

For the balance of the season of 1905

2 for ®1 40, or 4 or more at one time,
Weekly American Bee Journal one year
one of these tine Queens — both for $1.50.
They give satisfaction. First come, first

8 Standard-Bred

I

An Untested Ital
FREE as

For Sending One

for the American Bee Journal

I

As has been our custom heretofore
tested Italian (jueen to the person who
of which must be strictly followed :

1. The sender of a new subscriber m
in adTan<'e at least to the end of this

2. SendiofT your own name with $1.00
to a Queen as a premium. The sender must
as above, an-! the new subscriber must
further, that the new subscriber has never
not for a whole year previous to his name
new subscriber must not be a member of
already beinj; taken.

We tbinl. we have made the foregoing sufficiently plain so that no error need
be made. <inr Premium Queens are too valuable to throw away — they must be
earned iu n legitimate way. They are worth working for.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearbo n Street, CHICAGO, ILL

718

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12, 190S

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. I.,ewis' tioods al factory prices. Cat-
alog free. Cash orders at catalog prices on such goods as mentioned in special list.

Before November 9 percent discount

" December 8

'■ January 7

Before February 6 percent discount

March 5

" April 'A

Ask for special list now, free

Honey-Packages for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets, Olaos Jariii tvith patent spring:
sealers and glass stoppers; regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. If
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Hest service,
lotiest freight rates, satisfaction to all.

C> M. SCO I I & CO. INOIAN^POul."'lND

REET

•!"5-

Mention Bee Journal "ivhen vrriting.

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the

following prices :

i.<-lb. Jars with corks— 1 case of 31 doz. for
$5.50; 3 oases, $15.50.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5.35; 3 cases for *15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 13 doz., for ?o;
3 cases for $14.

Hand* Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any;
good as new. If interested write for price.

YORK HONEY lti?p«,fv^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more
f. completely than any other published,
* send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

DON'T BE BOTHERED

with lire on poultry, SchlldV Llirht-
nluK Lice Killing Machine instant-
ly removes them from tiniest <:hick
■tr fat gobbler. 3 sizes. Also Poultry
Bits. I,ice Murder, Liphtnine Lice
Killinjr Powder. et.o. Cataloc fiee.

CHARLES ecnrLD to .

8 Frunkt-ort ^t. CleTelaiid, O.

Mention Bee Journal Tvhen vrriting.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let ns quote jou prices on SectionSf Hives,
Ponndation, etc, as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bbll Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

Big Discounts
on Bee=5upplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey. packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1... 4 "

Jan. 1 7 " I April I 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stocic, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
3SAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections I

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

ft w — DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES ~

W ifC We carry a full Hue of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.

(^ THE riARSMFlELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

I 10 Percent Discount I

M We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by M

W Cash during October. Send for our Catalog. ^

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. |

IS^E HONET- JARS

The No. jS Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tig bt, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, m shipping-cases of one gross
each:

I gross lots $4 50 per gross

5 " " 4.110 "

Alio in strong RE-SH PPINO CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

S " 95 '"

to " -90 "

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps,3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 8Sc

10 " " " SOc

20 " " " "5c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

6J0 SJBa.£ IS oi 5 tnojj jsb^ pay ^ .

n ^^^^^Bi ff I III iia ^ -

»^Ei_ ' J '^ " g

CO ^^B|^^k...j______-il 5 ^

^HL'^ lis! 5

^M ^^^^^^^^^ ^*I^^B -^ . rt ^

^ ^^^BF^^ ti^lil V s fl N^

^^^Kv ^1 C -1 ° QQ

^^^^^^^k MS ^ ^

^t^i^ !■ .5 a

Otisville. Pa., Jan, 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have iried almost everything in
th^ smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
g^ood enoug^h for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Frbd Fodnbk.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen TiTlting.

I THE ONLY LOCK |

9 Corner that is perfect is made by us. x

tj It can not be otherwise. The end rab- 0

S bet runs by and nails to the sides. S

J4 Can't split off nor warp. Pertect in 0

S every way. Lumber ot the best X

« quality. DISCOUNT— well, it will 0

g ASTONISH you. All kincl.s of §

O Supplies. Write your wants. 0

I The Wood Bee-Hive & Box Go. 0

S LANSING. MICH. 8

39Dtf Please mention the Eee Journal.

sniDPino-tos ™« lYt

Made of Michigan white pine; 24-lb., ?13;
12-lb., $8; 30-lb. Danzy. .$11 per 100; less than
100 lots, 3^c more each; 3-in. glass. Ic each
more; No. 1 Sections, ^; No. 2, $3.50 per
1000. All kinds of Supplies kept in stock.
Send for list. W. 1>. S<»I>EK.

Rural Route3, JACKSON. MiCH.

27Dtf Please raeatiou the Bee Joarnal.

Oct. 12 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

719

Lowest Prices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

'■ December 1 8 '■

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 (i "

" March 1 4

■' April 1 2

Bee = Supplies

OF ALI, KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly,
50c a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAnESTOWN.N. Y.
Mention Bee Journal vrben irriting.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
wood Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices ; 3 cans,
boxed, at 9 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans, at
one time, S}^ cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYru"pp«L%^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.
New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it wonld paj those having' ii in car
lots or otherwise to write ns. Give us jonr low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
(roods and styleof package; when joucan ship^
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm lu thcU S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee JonrnaU

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaaS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.

FOR SALE

Until furiuer a«iue, fiue-t quaiuy new crop
California Water White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and uew cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity yoa want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKBN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.\'.

34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

MUiNfcY AND bbb^WAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consuU

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS
'ALL FREIG-HT NOW GOES
THROUGH CINCINNATI.

9 Percent Discount

For Cash O' ders Received in

Wt ^OCTOBER »^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER "ohT

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, Oct. 5 —The demand for comb
honey is about as usual for the season of year.
Offerings from the surrounding States are ^ully
equal to past season, but that from Colorado
and the Midd e Western Sta es are not. No. 1
to fancy white comb honey sells at 13@l4c,
with an occasional sale at 15c; the off grades
embracing crouked combs, etc., sell at IK" 12c;
amber grades difficult to place at 9((j 10c Ex-
tracted, white, 6to7c, according to kind, body
and flavor and package; ambers 5J^@6J4 cents.
Breswax selling upon arrival at 30c if clean;
off grades about 2c per pound less,

R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

CrNCiNNATi, Oct. 6.— Reports from different
parts of the coum ry give evidence of an almost
total failure in the comb honey crop, excepting
the points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb honey at from 14''_' i'' cents per
pound, by the case. The demand for extracted
honey is about equal to the receipts, which are
good. We continue to se)l amber in barrels at
5K@6c; white clover at 65i@7>6c. For beeswax
we are paying 30c per pound, cash, delivered
here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above boney quotations, v, ho mibtakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

Thb Fred W.Muth Co.

Philadblphia, Sept. 21.— There seems to be
an unusually large quantity of comb honey of-
fered in the market at this lime and prices for
new goods are somewhat weak. We find small
lots of beekeepers in the vicinity offering it at
'most any price, re^^ardless of the actual value.
Honey has been sold in Philadelphia at the fol-
lowing prices daring the week: Fanc^. i3@l6c;
No. 1, ll(a;i4c. Extracted, amber,5>iS(g>6?^ cents;
while cluver, o4'l' '^. Beeswax, firm, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do nut handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Toledo, Aug. V
at this writing \s i
however, honey i
hnd this has a t<
On account ot Ibe
is no great demasi
at present. Faoc;
brings I5c; No. 1.
Extracted, white
cans, 7@7Hc: amb
(jKi'bl-ic. Beeswa.x,

Cincinnati, O.
holds back the de

—The market on comb honey

practically the same as last;
s being cffered quite freely,
^ndedcy to decline the price.
beavy receipts of fruit there
1 for either comb or extracted
r white clover in » retail way
14c; little demand for amber.
c:over, iu barrels, 6@6J-sic; in
pr in barrels, 5(aj5i<c; m cans,
, -:s@30c. Griggs Bros.

. Oct. ".—The nice weather
' xnd for comb honey. Crops

seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the price high. We quote fancy
water-wbite comb honey No. 1 white do -er
from 14@Hjc; No. 2 from 12^ffl I4c. Extracted
seems to be more plentiful, lu barrels, light
amber, SM@5^c; in cans. He more. White
clover from 7(§i8c. Beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W. Wbbbb.

Indianapolis, Sept. 2 — There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De*
mand for lower grades of comb honey not good.
Nutuerous shipments of honey arriving, but no
one producer seems to have very great quanti-
ties to offer. I quote fancy white at 14fSii5c;
No. I in poor demand at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Besi g'ade extracted brings S(f09c in 60-lb.
cans; amber slow at 5c. Beeswax, 28ftfi30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

New York, Sept. 22.— New crop is beginning
to arrive quite freely from New Y'ork Slate and
Pennsylvania, and is in fair demand at 14c for
fancy while, exceptionally fine quality may
bring 16c; I3c fox No. 1 white, and 11(3 I2c for
No. 2 white and amber; no buckwheat on the
market as yet. Extracted, in good demand at
last quotations. Beeswax, fit m and t-carce at

2'>ld30c. HiLDRBTH A SBOBLKBN

Albany, N. Y., Sept. 21.— Honey dem^aud
improving here as the season advances, and as
next mon h is the best mouth we look for good
prices. Buckwheat comb is scarce; that is,
straight buckwheat. We quote fancy white,
15c; No. 1, 14c mixed, 13c; buckwheat. No 1.
13c; mixed i3@l2Hc. Extracted, white, 7(«/7Hc;
mixf d, 6H(^'~c; buckwheat, 6!^ cents. Beeswax,
28(» 32c. U. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Sept. 2".— White comb. 1-lb-
sectious, ')@10 cents: amber," 8c. Extracted,
water-white, 4^i@5!^c; white, 4@45^c; light am-
ber, 3K@4 cents; amber, 3@3xc; dark amber,
2^@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 25@26c.
The comb honey market is firm at SHc to 10c
a pound. Southern California's output this
year will approximate 175 carloads. Last
year's crop was practically nothing, and pres-
ent prospects are f..,r higher prices. A ith the
market practically cleaned up last spring,
coupled with the fact that the h^juey crop is
light in all Eastern producing States, the
honey men of southern California may reason-
ably look 'or belter prices the coming fall and
winter. The present market price for extracted
honey is around 5c. The crop estimate above
given medos about 125,000 cans of extracted- Of
comb honey southern California will have, it is
thought, not more than 15 carl-iads. While
California will have about the largest crop in
many years, there are some localities where the
bees have done practically nothing. Arizona
is nearer to a honey failure th s year thin in 20
years. The crop has not been so lieht through-
out the East in a decade, while Texas is said to
be only within 60 percent of its normal produc-
tion.

720

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 12, 1905

JUST THINK OF IT !

LEWIS' m. 1 FINE

WHITE POLISHED

SECTIONS

1^000 @$4.55 per thousand

2,000 @ 4.43

3,000 (« 4.32

4,000 C«' 4.20

5,000 («! 4 09

10,000 @ 3.86

2.5,000 @ 3.64

50,000 @ 3.45

IF ORDER WITH CASH IS SENT IN THIS
MONTH

as these prices are net after October discount is deducted.

Hives and Other Supplies Proportionately
Cheap

Send for Catalog Containing Discounts and
List of Agents

Q. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

0

#

National Bee=Keepers* Convention at Chicago, Dec. 5, 6, 7

Dee Journal

WEEKLY-SI.OO A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street

45th Yeaf

CHICAGO, ILL., OCTOBER 19, 1905

No. 42

722

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 19, 1905

PCBLISHBD WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK 0 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE 8ITBSCBIPTI0N PRICE of this Journal la
Sl.co a year, in the United States, Canadu, an-l
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, ..u
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THB WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates tho
end of the month to which your subscriptio > ispai ■
ForinBtance,"dec<i5" nn your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dt^cember.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for n oney sent us to pay subscription, bm
change the date on yourwrapper-label. which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Assoclatioo

Ist.— To promote the interests of Its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riflrhts.

3(3.— To enforce laws against the aaulteration oi
honey.

Annual Membership Dues^ Si.oo

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wia,

lar" If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
oublisbers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(INCOBPORATEDJ

OBJECTS;

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.on for each
20 (or traction of 2<o colonies of bees (spring countt
he owns or operates.

2 Any ho <ey dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
Arm or individual, may become a member ^n the
annual payment of a tee of $Hi, increased by one-
fltth of one (1 1 percent of his or its capital used in
the allied Interest?* of bee-keeping.

Geokqe W York, Manager,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premluoi

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
19()r., we wiM give an untestt'd Italian queen for
seitdinK usONK NEW subscription with Sl.'O forthe
Bee Journal a year. Now is the time to get new
subscribers. It" you wi^h ex'ra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Leam Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$50 to $1'0 per month salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Kndorsed by all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted Write tor Catalog.

MORSE School of Telegraphy,

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.
Wis. Texarkana, Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29Al7t

Please mention the Bee Journal

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives. Sections, Sliipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list ot goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

3SA1St SHEB0Y(;AN, WIS.

Mention Bee Jonriinl ivhen irrltlnK,

« If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

©BEE-SUPPLIES I
Root's Goods arRooi's rrlces |
Everythitigf used by Bee Keepers. jjfe

"^ "^^BBF^ POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. W

^ ^^^^^ Low Freight Rates. Catalog Free. ^

.w|i>. jjlfe

TiT If you wifch to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my IBP

,«v free montbly price-list of boney. ^tg.

1^ Why not secure your BBB-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE. and avail ^

# yourself of the following very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality. ^i^

... Percent I For cash orders before Jan. 1.7 percent ^

ii» For cash orders before Oct. 1 10 For cash orders before Feb. 1 . . 6 percent ^R

T« ^°' cash orders before Nov. 1 9 For cash orders before Mar. 1.4 percent jE

«» For cash orders before Dec. 1 8 | For cash orders befoie Apr. 1. 2 percent fSS

$ WALTER S. POUDER, |

^ 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 0

Mention Bee Journal n'hen Trriting;.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION f'Ie BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working- Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER, = Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Journal Tfhen Trriting'.

1 Bee=Supply Economy I

The time to buy Bee-Supplies is NOW. After the season's rush is over we make
special discounts from our regular low prices. Send us a list of your needs in this line
and we will mal5e you a price that will convince you of our statements.

Do not fail to send your application for our new catalog. It will be a stunner.
It will contain much valuable information to bee-keepers besides the regular list of
Supplies. It's free, of course.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building-, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

9 Percent Disconnt

ON ORDERS FOR

I Lewis' Bee-Supplies

OCTOBER.

rent use.

H. M. ARND
Mgr.

accomtjanied by

cash sent us
This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for cur-
By Return Freight or Express. Send to

YORK HONEY 's"."pp"l^v^ CO. Notmc

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalog and prices on Honey on application. If you want Good Gioods

at Factory Prices* and Prompt {Shipment, send your orders, or ca U on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange

— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal ffvSitlsm*

Oct. 19, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

723

BEE=SUPPLIES

I "DADANT'S FOMDATIOI"

AND

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb.

Medium Brood 55. . .

Light Brood 57.. .

Thin Surplus 62. . .

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65. . .

5 lbs.
...53..
..55..
..60..
..63..

10-lbs.
....51...
....S3...
....58...
....61...

251bs. 50 lbs.

...49 48

...51 50

...56 55

. . .59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During- Sfeptember 10 percent

•' October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "■

" January 6 "■

" February 4 "•

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

•f)'

'(|)-(f '(f "f)-(f "f)"f)"f)"(|)"(|)"f)-^f)- -f)' '(^-^^

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in NoromP shipping

CASES, ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER. QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE, AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT, AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

4^^ll/U>M/U>UAlAl/\|/U/\liil/\|>\|/U/\|/\|>VI/ll/ll>VlAl/ll/ll/\|/\)/<i;:

•^

M - SUDDllBS ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest
variety of everything Deeded in the
Apiary, assuring best goods at lowest
prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus-
trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc.
Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language.

KRIsTCHMfcR MFG. CO., Red Oak, Iowa.

—AGENCIES

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton ,Si Ford, Garden City, Kansas.

Shu^art & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo.

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amountstomany timea
tbe cost of Lambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Los»
can be saved and proHt made by
its use. Frees sittiofj; hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box wilt
prove it. 100 cz.. by express. $1.00.
V'^ O. K. STOCK FOOD CO.,

D. J. Ijambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bide-* Chlcaeot IIU

Bee-Keepers'
Early Disconnts

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts :

Before October 1 deduct 10 percent

November 1
December 1.
January 1. . .
February 1 . .

March 1

April 1

Get iew Siibsciiliers

Why not get a New Subscriber fer
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowett Can take Hone; and Beeswax
in e.Kcfaaage for SuppUrs if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything for
both tbe Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

2 521 Monroe Street,

g TOLiKDO, - OHIO.

Mention Ufc Journal ^rhen ivrltlng.

724

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 19, 1905

10

WEEKS
CENTS

■ AAAAAAAAAAAA^AAAAAA. |

■ AAAAAAAAAAAA,

We wish every reader of the American Bee Journal to become acquainted with GLEANINGS IN BEE-CULTURE.
We extend a cordial invitation in our offer to send you the paper 10 weeks for 10 cents.

There is no bee-paper in the world like Gleanings. Its aim is to meet the needs of every bee-keeper everywhere,
and it does it. Whether you own one colony or a thousand or are merely interested you cannot afford to miss a single
number. Gleanings is progressive. Every number is an improvement over the last.

It is useless to state that Gleanings excels in this point. Regular departments
are edited by Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M. Doolittle, Prof. A. J. Cook, J. A. Green and Louis
SchoU. These names speak for themselves for they are the best writers of the day.
Every issue contains articles from the pens of the best bee-keepers all over the land. A
list of them would be the catalog of the most successful bee-keepers the world over. We
will soon begin a series of remarkable articles by E. W. Alexander. We are safe in say-
ing a higher price was never paid for an article of this class than we paid for a single one
of this series. Every one of them will be worth hundreds of dollars to bee-keepers.

Contributors

Half-Tone
Illustrations

During the past summer ve have had a special artist to take photographs for us.
He has traveled on our account alone the past summer over 4000 miles and we can prom-
ise some very fine pictures. Many of the Second Prize Photo Contest, American and
Foreign, will appear soon. Our engravings are made by the very finest engravers in the
United States. Just this wealth of illustration doubles the value of the paper.

Advertisements

Gleanings prides itself on the clean class of advertisements it carries. Its subscrib-
ers show their appreciation of the fact by their liberally patronizing them. There is no
better medium in the United States for those catering to the needs of the bee-keeper. We
now print 2S,C00 copies and yet with our special edition (Dec. IS, 40,000) our old rates
hold good which were based on 20,000 circulation. Gleanings gives its subscribers and
advertisers full measure, pressed down and running over.

December 15tli
Issue

We are pleased to announce that extensive plans are now under way for a Special
Christmas Issue of Gleanings. It is planned that this issue shall far exceed in its wealth
of contributed articles, its half-tones and its cover design than anything that heretofore
has been attempted in bee-keeping literature. The cover is to be designed and printed
by one of the best color printing establishments in the United States. The design is
something unique and beautiful indeed. This issue will contain nearly 100 pages, and
40,000 copies will be printed, making a bee-keepers' magazine that compares favorably
with any magazine of the present day.

Subscribe

When you have read this notice take up your pen and tell us to send you Gleanings
Ten Weeks and enclose Ten Cents, in coin or stamps. Don't put it off. The magnifi-
cent Christmas Number alone will be worth 25 cents to any bee-keeper. We don't prom-
ise this number to any but subscribers. Don't put this matter off for you will never be
able to spend 10 cents to better advantage.

THE fl. I. ROOT GO.. PuDiisners. Medina, omo.

fg^^s^M^'

^^:f^«^ffl

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼'

(Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Published Weekly at Sl.OO a Vear by Oeorg:e W. York A, Oo., 334 Uearbom St.

QBORaB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER 19, 1905

VoLXLV— Nc,42

/n

(Sbitortal Hotcs ^ (Eomments

%

V=

=j

The Chicago National Convention

The program being arranged for the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' convention, to be held
here in Chicago Dec. 5, 6 and 7, is one that it
will pay to hear all the way through. Some
exceedingly important subjects are to come
up for discussion and action, and so it is
hoped that it may be a very representative
gathering of bee-keepers of the United States,
Canada and Cuba.

Some may feel that they can not afford the
expense. Some years ago even so experienced
and successful a bee-keeper as Mr. C. P. Dadant
said he felt well repaid for attending the
National convention held in St. Joseph, Mo.,
just for one thing learned about wintering
bees. Last year Mr. and Mrs. Gus Dittmer,
of Wisconsin, told the writer that the Chi-
cago-Northwestern convention, which they
were then attending, was a very profitable in-
vestment for them. And so it goes.

Come to the National convention in Chi-
cago, Dec. 5, 6 and 7, and get new inspiration
besides several other things that may not be
estimated in dollars and cents.

Loss from Outdoor Feeding

J. A. Green says in Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture that a loss of bees that was serious
occurred in outdoor feeding upon the occur-
rence of a cold, drizzling rain last spring.
Although he put out no feed on that particu-
lar day, he found to his disgust that the bees
came out after the feed as usual.

" They hovered around the feeders until
they became wet and chilled. Bees were
scattered all over the ground, and festooned
over everything near the feeders that would
support them, until many thousands of them
perished. The losses from that source prob-
ably came near balancing the good done by
the stimulative feeding. The loss of bees
probably would not have been so great if the
feeding bad been done under an open shed so
that the feeders would have been sheltered
from the rain. If this had been done, espe-
cially if the feed had been kept warm, the
bees could probably have made their way
through the rain without much loss."

Carload of Honey— Queen-Cage Card-
boards

We have received the following from Dr.
Miller:

Our genial Afterthlnker, to whom we are
all so much indebted, expresses doubts as to
the 70-carloads-of-honey story. It isn't clear
just what is the ground of his skepticism,
unless it would be that it would take the out-
put of 560 apiaries with 5 tons each. What
he says appears on page 699. I suppose his
skepticism will be about 7 percent stronger
when in the same number, 5 pages earlier, he
reads of 75 carloads being purchased by the
same company. Incidentally it may be noted
that " San Franciscan " estimates a carload
at 20 tons, and Mr. Hasty at 40. In this
locality the capacity of a freight car is not
over 30 tons. Isn't there some way by which
we can get some definite information besides
what ''they say?"

On the same page, Mr. Hasty says, " With
cardboard over the candy you run heavy risks
of having the queen not liberated at all."
There's no heavy risk " in this locality," Mr.
Hasty. I've used cardboard over candy in
hundreds of cases, and I think I never had
more than 2 or H eases in which the card-
board was not gnawed away. I'm wondering
whether those heavy risks are not based on
placing the cage over top-bars. I always
place it between brood-combs.

C. C. Miller.

We are under the impression that a carload
of hone}' usually runs from 13 to 15 tons. We
think there are not many carloads of honey
that weigh as much as 20 tons. If we are
wrong in this we will be glad to publish a
correction.

Winter Paclcing with Newspapers

Editor Root, in Gleanings in Bee Culture,
says that Vernon Burt, last winter, success-
fully wintered 300 colonies of bees in the
following manner:

" Early in the fall he sees that his colonies
are well supplied with sealed stores. He uses
the Danzenbaker hive; and if the cluster can
be crowded into ooe section, one section is
given. If they require two, of course they
are allowed to have them. The same super
cover that is used to cover the super for comb
honey is put on top of the brood-nest. This
the bees seal down hermetically. On top of
this cover are placed several thicknesses of

newspaper laid out flat. On top of the paper
is placed a shallow chaff tray containing chaff
or any other equally good packing material,
to the depth of 3 or 4 inches. The paper
sticking out in all directions is neatly folded
down around the sides of the hive. Over the
chaff tray, and fitting snugly against the
paper folded against the inner hive, is
crowded a deep telescoping cap made of jiff
lumber, with a tin roof. The actual packing
material on top is some 4 or 5 inches thick.
The sides of the hive are protected by the
folds of paper and the outer case. This outer
case comes down to within about one inch or
so of the bottom-board. As the heat naturally
rises inside of the hive, there is no need of
making a double-wall bottom-board, nor of
protecting the bottom edgesot the hive."

Bee-Insurance

By paying 2 cents per colony, British bee-
keepers are insured against claims for dam-
age done by their bees.

National and Other Conventions

It is almost impossible to expect that any
annual meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association would not conflict with some
other convention. And so it has come to pass
that the Minnesota State convention meets
Dec. 6 and 7, at the same time as the National
here in Chicago. This will of course prevent
many good Minnesota members from attend-
ing the National convention.

But why not change the date of the Minne-
sota meeting? It could likely be more easily
done than changing the date of the National
convention, especially as it Is more important
that low railroad rates be in force for the
National than for any State convention.

It seems to us that the National convention
should always be given " the right of way"
in preference to that of any local convention.

Our Convention Reports

We have received the following in reference
to the Chicago-Northwestern convention
report now appearing in these columns;

Mr. Editor: — Never before was I so im-
pressed with the value of a good report of a
bee-keepers' convention as in reading late
numbers of the American Bee .Journal, con-
taining the report of the proceedings of the
last Chicago-Northwestern convention. The
report is so full and so good that it Is the
next thing to being present at the conven-
tion in person. The social feature is impor

726

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 19, 190S

tant — meeting old friends and forming new
acquaintances, seeing the faces of those whose
Dames have become familiar from reading the
bee-joarnals, and watching the animated fea-
tares of those who are speaking.

Yet in one respect reading the printed re-
port has an advantage over actual attendance.
Sometimee one's attention is distracted and
eome of the proceedings are missed ; one can
not go back to hear it over again in the con-
tention, but there is nothing to hinder read-
ing any part of the report over again. Often,
too, when so much is crowded into one, two,
or three days at a convention, the mind be-
comes wearied so that there is danger of some
good points being lost, or at least their full
bearing not properly understood for lack of
time to think them over. All the time neces-
sary can be taken in reading, and one can
stop as long as one chooses at any given
point, making the report of value even to
those who were at the convention.

Thanks for such good reports.

One Who Was There.

Convention reports have always been one
of the strong features of the American Bee
Journal. There is much of interest and
value that can be had in no other place ex-
cept at conventions of bee-keepers. Many
who are induced to talk at conventions would
never think of writing for the bee-papers.
And often such people are the very ones who
know a great deal about the successful man-
agement of bees from years and years of
actual experience.

While there may be somewhat of repetition
in the reports of conventions, still there is a
spice and variety about them that no other
kind of reading-matter furnishes.

We expect to continue to give as many con-
yention reports, and as correct ones, as pos-
sible, for we believe they are appreciated by
the great majority of our readers.

Bee-Keepers' Licenses

In this country there is nothing to hinder
one from locating an apiary anywhere, only
providing one can buy or rent enough ground
to locate the apiary. In Australia it is a lit-
t'e different, as witness the following from
A report of the meeting of the Victoria Api-
arists' Association, as published in the Aus-
tralasian Bee-Keeper:

Mr. W. L. Davey said that " it rests with
the members of this Association whether they
are satisfied with the license as at present.
The Government has allowed others to take
up licenses alongside members' sites. This
is not fair; we want some protection in this
direction from the Government."

Mr. Cute suggested that the Government
be asked to pass a law not to have licenses
issued nearer than 2 or 3 miles apart. His
branch, Wartook, was in favor of 3 miles
apart.

Mr. A. Anderson moved: "That a }4d
per acre for a radius of one mile on each side
of the apiary, and two-sixths for the license "
be offered to the Government. Mr. Howard
seconded. Carried.

There would probably be eome bitter feel-
ing it anything i n the shape of a license should
be required for occupying Government lands
with bees in this country. And yet there are
likely not wanting those who would be glad
to pay a license even for placing bees on their
own lands, if thereby they could be made
secure against interference in their pasturage.

Maeterlinck's " Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, $1.40; or with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year — both for $2.00, as long as the
books last. It is a cloth-bound book, and has
427 pages.

/T

ZnisccUaneous Hetps 3tem5

\=

Mr. F. Greiner, of Ontario Co., N. T.,
writing us Oct. 9, said:

" The honey season has not been very favor-
able, still we have some honey ; average about
30 pounds of comb. Some bee-yards did
much better than others."

Mr. Morley Pettit, of Ontario, Canada,

wrote us Oct. 11 :

"I finished extracting buckwheat honey a
week ago. My output this year is, all told,
about 40,000 pounds. Not bad for a young
Canadian."

Well, we should think that was uerij good.
Who, over the line, can make a better report
than that of Mr. Pettit? He is one of the
younger generation of Canadian bee-keepers.
Can any of the " old timers "show a better
record for the season of 1905?

"Advanced Bee Culture." — The new

edition of this book, by W. Z. Hutchinson, to
be out next month, is a most beautifully got-
ten up bee-book. It is printed on heavy,
enameled paper, profusely illustrated with
beautiful halftone engravings, and the front
cover embellished with a green vine of clover
— a golden bee sipping nectar from one of the
snow-white blossoms. Most important of all,
however, is the simplicity and freshness, the
inspiration and real helpfulness of its contents.
From his years of experience as bee-keeper
and editor, Mr. Hutchinson tells in plain,
simple language, what he believes to be the
most advanced methods of keeping bees for
proft, from early spring until the end of the
year. The book is almost wholly re-written,
and contains nearly twice as much matter as
did former editions. In short, every man
who would make the most money out of bee-
keeping as a business, muxt have this book.

The price, postpaid, is $120; or we will
club it with the American Bee Journal one
year — both for $2.00. Send all orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.

Kretchmer Mfg. Co. at Council
Bluffs. — Only those who have had experience
in moving a factory or manufacturing plant
know what it means to transfer it to another
place. The Kretchmer Mfg. Co. have just
been doing that stupendous thing, as they
have gone from Ked Oak, Iowa, to Council
Bluffs, Iowa. They have also added a little
over 50 percent to their working capital. The
reasons for moving are given in a printed
notice which reads as follows :

"The ever increasing demand for our goods
necessitated the erection of a larger factory,
with better shipping facilities.

" Council Bluffs, Iowa, is the greatest West-
ern railroad center, with 15 railroads radiat-
ing in every direction, and freight rates for
the West the same as from Omaha. Here we
have just completed the largest factory of its
kind in the West— modern, up to date in
every detail. As the oldest manufacturers of
bee-keepers' supplies (over 42 years' actual
experience), we have gathered many valuable
ideas for the erection of a complete factory,
fitted with the best labor-saving machines,
many constructed expressly for our work,
operated by 10 electric motors, and all in

charge of experienced workmen, nearly all of
whom have been with us for years.

" A railroad track not only runs to the
doors of our factory and warehouses, but also
through the entire length of lumber sheds
and yards, so that carload shipments can be
loaded or unloaded direct into warehouse and
factory. Paved streets, right to the door of
[be factory, enable us to haul immense loads
of goods for local shipments, with little ex-
pense for dray age."

The Kretchmer Mfg. Co., now of Council
Blugs, Iowa, are among our many regular and
reliable advertisers. We wish them continued
success in their new location.

The Truth About Honey. — A few

changes have been made in the reading of the
Comb Honey Guarantee Circular for shipping-
cases gotten up by The Honey-Producers'
League, so that it will be suitable for bee-
keepers to use in their correspondence, put-
ting one in with every letter they write. It
is headed, "The Truth About Honey," and is
printed on both sides of a light manilla card-
board. It is sent postpaid in lots of 50 for 10
cents, 100 for 20 cents, etc. Every bee-keeper
should use it, as it will undoubtedly help to
popularize the use of honey.

The Guarantee Circulars for use in ship-
ping-cases should be used by every bee-keeper
who sells comb honey by the case. These
circulars are the same price — 10 cents for 50
copies, postpaid.

Send all orders to this ofHce.

A Large Apiary. — Ventura Co., Calif.,
claims one of the largest apiaries in the world,
comprising some 2000 colonies of bees. It is
owned by one Mendleson, a pastmaster in
handling bees. We were informed by Mr.
McDonald, who owns an apiary adjoining
that of Mendleson, that the latter's income
this season, over and above his running ex-
penses, will be $10,000.— Rural Californian.

Comb Honey Not Machine-Made.—

We have a fair supply of the typewritten
letter on this subject, which appeared in the
Chicago Daily News of June 21, 1905. It is
just the thing to have published in every bee-
keeper's local newspaper. We mail it for a
2-cent stamp. Better order several copies,
and request as many newspaper editors to
publish it. It will certainly be a good thing
for both the reading public and the bee-
keepers.

Comb Honey Guarantee Circulars.

—These were gotten up by The Honey-Pro-
ducers' League, to be put into shipping-cases
before nailing them up for market. They are
mailed for only 10 cents for 50 — practically
cost price. Every bee-keeper who has any
honey to sell by the case should use these
circulars. They will help to inspire confi-
dence in the genuineness of comb honey.
Send all orders to this office.

Oct. 19. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

727

-V Contrtbutcb -f
Special Clrticles

Bee- Keeping on a Large Scale

BY ADHIAN GETA7,

THE question is sometimes asked whether a bee-keeper
ougfit to add some other occupation to the keeping of a
moderate number of colonies of bees, or increase the num-
ber of colonies by adding apiaries. I will not undertake to
•discuss that question this time, but take for Ejranted that the
decision is to keep more bees and have a number of out-
apiaries.

I suppose that it is admitted that the income from a sin-
gle colony is necessarily limited, and at the present prices of
honey not very great; and that if anything like a liberal rev-
eneu is to be derived from bee-keeping alone, a large number
of colonies is the first requisite. With the large number
comes the necessity of adopting short cuts, and what might
be termed a method of wholesale manipulation. In this paper
I propose to describe briefly the methods or management fol-
lowed by some of our largest bee-keepers The information I
have condensed here is chiefly taken from the articles lately
published on the same subject in the Bee-Keepers' Review.

Mr. E. D. Townsend, of Michigan.

Mr. Townsend believes in using large hives, not less than
10 Lang&troth frames, anyway. The colonies are wintered
oucof-doors, either in chaff hives or packed in chaff-packing
cases. Each colony should have enough honey in the fall to
go through the winter and build up freely during the spring.
He estimates 2S to 30 pounds. He says that with plenty of
honey in the spring the bees will build up better than with
less, and all the spreading of brood-nest and stimulative feed-
ing that could be conjured.

The upper stories are put on about June 1 ; that is, about
two weeks before the main flow of honey. The strongest col-
onies receive two upper stories. This abundance of room (I
suppose already built combs are given) prevents swarming
altogether, or practically so, so that no watching for swarms
is needed.

A first e.vtracting is done about July 1. The honey then
is all from clover, and Mr. Townsend wants as much as pos-
sible of pure clover honey, as the price is higher. But for
that the extracting might be postponed. In August the main
extracting is done, the honey then bsing a mixture of clover
and basswood.

The essential is to have always plenty of empty combs on
every colony. The apiarist should have enough combs and
upper stories so as not to be obliged to extract in a hurry
during the flow. Mr. Townsend puts about 100 colonies in
«ach yard, the yards being quite far apart. He says that in
some localities the honey may be missing, while 25 or 30 miles
away there may be a crop. With out-apiaries far apart, one
or the other will give a crop almost every year, and insures a
regular income. He does not make any increase, as he thinks
it is cheaper to buy than to rear bees. If any moving is to be
done, it is done preferably in May. As his apiaries are on
rented grounds, he puts on every one a honey-house con-
structed so that it can be taken apart, moved "in the flat,"
and reconstructed easily. As there is no watching for
swarms, he prefers to have the bees sufficiently far from the
houses or highways so as not to have any trouble. Weak
colonies are left to themselves to build up — never united.

Mb. E. F. Atwater, of Idauo.

Mr. Atwater's locality has only poor and rather uncertain
flows. For that reason be produces only extracted honey.
The bees are wintered either on the summer stands where a
windbreak is available, or in light, open sheds, facing south,
with two tiers of hives in each shed. The sheds keep the
hives dry, and protect them from the high winds prevalent
in that State. No packing is needed, as the winters are mild
■enough to dispense with it.

All colonies must have an abundance of stores and bees in
the fall, for the frequent flights, with large consumption of
stores, will usually result in the loss of all weak colonies dur-
ing the winter.

He prefers a large hive, and thinks that even the Draper

barn is hardly large enough. He doesn't want any self-spac-
ing frames in the upper stories, as there they should be placed
further apart than in the brood-chamber, to save time in un-
capping and extracting. He prefers plain frames, hanging
on casing nails. About May 10 shallow cases are added to
the colonies that may need them. Some equalising is done.

Between June 1 and June 10 enough supers are put on to
hold the first flow of alfalfa. If any colony is crowded below,
one or two combs of brood are raised in the supers and re-
placed with empty combs. Plain zinc excluders are placed on
every colony.

The first flow from alfalfa is extracted completely in July.
The extracting outfit is hauled from yard to yard in a special
wagon. Escapes are not used. The alfalfa honey is so thick
that it must be extracted while warm from the hive. The
second flow from alfalfa is extracted in August. The supers
are then stacked in the yard and the bees allowed to clean
them. Owing to the abundance of room but very few colo-
nies swarm during the first flow, and these are among those
superseding their queens. No swarming takes place during
the second fiow, not even in crowded colonies or those super-
seding their queens. Mr. Atwater produces some comb honey
also.

Mr. R. C. Aikin, of Colorado.

Mr. Aikin prefers wintering bees out-of-doors packed in
chaff. The colonies should be strong and have stores enough
to last until Mav 1, no matter how much brood might be
reared before that date. This packing is left until quite late
in the spring in order to protect the early brood against the
changes of weather. A visit is made about April 1, to ascer-
tain the condition of the bees, to feed those that might be
short of stores, and to unite the queenless ones with some
others. His locality fails to produce pollen early, and there is
but little nectar to be gathered until the main flows. So flour
is given early if there is need. On account of brood-rearing
each colony consumes from 40 to 60 pounds of honey from the
fall to the main flow. And it is important that brood-rearing
should be carried to the full extent, this being encouraged as
much as possible. The queens are all clipped.

During May some colonies will get so strong that they
might swarm. To all such an additional story is given under
the brood-chamber. About 5 days before the flow opens a
super with sections full of foundation and one or two baits is
given to each colony, so they get used to it before the flow
comes. When it comes, the additional stories are removed,
and more supers are put on so that each colony has from three
to five (his supers holding 28 sections). The queens are all
removed. The queen-cells are cut out at once, and again 8
days later. A few colonies are set apart for building cells.
After the other colonies have been 4 or 5 days without un-
sealed brood, these cells are given them to requeen. The
young queens begin to lay during the latter part of the flow,
and thus cause the honey accumulated in the brood nest to go
"upstairs." When needed, supers are added below those
partly worked, except near the end of the flow, when they are
put above. The flow in this locality lasts from 40 to 60 days.

This process to prevent swarming and keep the bees to-
gether is the same as used by Messrs. Elwood & Hetherington,
except in one respect: When they remove the queens they
take one or two combs with each and form as many nuclei.
Then 16 days after removal each queen is returned to her
former home. If a queen is too old or otherwise deficient, the
colony is allowed to requeen from one of its own cells.

A Few Comments.

When I began this paper I intended to give a description
of at least half a dozen leading apiarists instead of three. I
soon discovered that it would lengthen the contribution too
much and contain too many repetitions. The following few
points should be mentioned :

1. A honey-house should be put up at every apiary right
in the midst of the bees, and built so that it can be easily re-
moved, for an apiary placed on somebody else's land may
have to be removed at any time.

2. Some have an extracting outfit complete at every api-
ary. It costs more, but saves the hauling. It has the advan-
tage that should an unusual flow happen, the extracting
might be done simultaneously at every point needed.

3. The majority insist on having enough combs to pile
up on the hives until the honey is ripe, or the apiarist ready.
Two or three say that in dry climates (California or Colorado)
the honey will ripen ju>t as well in the tanks as in the hives,
and they prefer to extract often.

4. All but two want the ditferent yards 2 or 3 miles apart,
and as accessible as possible to the home apiary. The other

728

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 19, 1905

two want them at quite a distance in order to have the chance
of catching a crop at some one or other place.

5. The number of colonies at each yard, without over-
stocking, is estimated at about 100 in the East, to 200 or 300
in California. One exception is Mr. Alexander, of New Tork
State, who claims that almost any locality could support SOO
colonies as well as 50 or even less.

6. The summary of all is what the Dadants told us long
ago: Plenty of empty combs both for brood and honey.
With that condition the number of swarms will be insignifi-
cant.

7. Very few extensive bee-keepers work for comb honey.
The swarming can not be entirely avoided, and recourse must
be had either to removing queens or "shook " swarming, as
it is now called. In a small apiary it is best to treat the colo-
nies that do swarm, and not bother the others ; but with hun-
dreds or thousands of colonies such discrimination is impos-
sible.

The "shook" swarming will be considered in another
article. Knox Co., Tenn.

Bee-Keeping as a Specialty

BY GRANT STANLEY

THERE has never been a time in the history of this coun-
try in which the service of the specialist was in such
great demand as it is at the present time. We see it on
every hand ; the cry goes out all over the land for specialists ;
it goes out from all manufacturing establishments ; it goes
out from railroad compaties, for men specially fitted for vari-
ous lines of work ; it goes out from every branch of the De-
partment of Agriculture, at Washington ; it even goes out
from patients seeking treatment for various diseases. The
cry to-day is for the specialist. We fairly seem to be passing
through a reconstruction period. The reason for all this is
not far to seek ; surrounding conditions have become remark-
ably changed, and along with it various questions of a com-
plicated nature, as well as of extreme importance, have pre-
sented themselves ; questions of such a nature that only the
specialist, or one who has been specially trained, can bring
the result of his efforts into practical use — men of ordinary
intelligence and ability will not do.

That bee-keeping has received a wonderful impetus with-
in the last year or two there can be little doubt. This too
long neglected pursuit is at this time receiving special atten-
tion. The Department of Agriculture, at Washington, has
been awakened to its possibilities ; the various State experi-
ment stations are offering short courses in bee-culture, and
some have even arranged correspondence courses for those un-
able to attend the school. There is certainly plenty of room
for specialists in the bee-keeping ranks, and, as in any busi-
ness, his sfiforts, properly directed, will result in great benelit
to himself as well as to others ; in fact, no well-directed effort
is spent in vain. The bee-keeper who will specialize will soon
find that his word has become authority, and, furthermore,
his service will quite likely be in demand.

The bee-keeper who will specialize will have studied the
various bee-diseases, and will be in position to eradicate any
disease the minute it becomes manifest in his apiary ; yes, he
will quite likely go a step further, and apply such preventive
measures that his bees will not become diseased ; he will have
mastered the question of disposing of his honey crop at the
highest possible price obtainable; in fact, he will so direct his
efforts that his product will be in demand ; he will be able to
reduce winter losses to a minimum, as a result of his thor-
oughly studying the essential features of successful winter-
ing; the blooming of all nectar-producing plants will receive
like consideration ; in fact, the whole subject will be held up
and studied on every side. It is the men who have become
thoroughly acquainted with the elements underlying success
at every point, to whom we must look to carry this work for-
ward.

There are too many people who look on bee-culture as a
business of little importance; in fact, enough would laugh at
the idea of making bee-keeping a specialty. Others have not
sufficient confidence in themselves to " keep all eggs in one
basket," but is it not true that the men making a specialty of
their business are the most successful ? Is it not true that
with a combination of pursuits a man must direct his thought
and energy in several places at the same time, not being able
to bring the best out of any of them, while in the making a
specialty of one pursuit his whole thought and effort is cen-
tered to one point ? And is it not true that only in this man-
ner will the highest success be achieved ?

Let us remember that what is worth doing at all is

worth doing well ; it is worthy our best efforts, and I assure
you that if proper remedies are applied bee-culture will be
brought to a very high degree in the near future.

Lycoming Co., Pa.

A Tree Colony— Two Queens in One Hive-
Bees and Dark vs. Light Colors

BY W. W. m'NEAL

I WISH to relate a little incioent which happened in my
apiary the past summer, that may be of interest to some.

On or about August 1, one of the Italian colonies cast a
swarm. The queen that went with the swarm was a virgin,
and they settled on a limb of a cherry-tree about 12 feet from
the ground. The limb was not over 3 inches thick where the
swarm was clustered, but a smaller one branched off from
there, affording, seemingly, a satisfactory lodging place.
From that location the bees could fly out and in among the
branches with few obstructions ; but the sun could shine full
on the cluster during a portion of the afternoon. The floral
conditions were very bad at the time, and I did not regard the
swarm as beinfj of sufficient value to pay for the trouble of
hiving it, so I left it to its own sweet will, and discovered,
several days later, it had decided to stay. I left it there till
Sept. 1, then I hived it.

Now the bees built 5 small combs, the center ones bt-ing
about twice as large as a man's hand. Brood was being reared
successfully, the queen having mated all right. Considering
the state of the weather, there being frequent rains while the
swarm was keeping house outdoors, it makes the case a re-
markably singular one. I don't think I ever witnessed a
similar case in my 20 years' experience with bees.

At another time the past summer, when I was looking for
the queen in a certain colony, I found what was presumably
mother and daughter reigning jointly, seemingly, in perfect
accord. Both queens appeared to be in good condition, and
there was more than the average amount of brood in the hive.
I have met with this experience several times before ; but it
shows how far bees will at times depart from their customary
habits.

Let me relate just this one more — an experience with bees
and chickens. Having observed that bees were influenced
to some extent by certain colors, I thought to test the matter
in this way :

I would fence in the apiary with poultry-netting, and
then turn in several broods of little chickens. Well, I did so,
and found that the little white chickens could run about with-
out being molested, rarely, if ever, by the bees. Brown leg-
horns were not taken much notice of, but coal-black chicks
were often stung to death.

If any of the readers of the American Bee Journal have
witnessed anything that leads them to believe that bees are
angered by the sight of dark-colored objects, I would be
pleased to hear from them through its columns.

I have noticed boys in knee-pants and black stockings
were more often stung on the legs when walking through the
apiary than were bare-footed boys, or when shoes were worn
without stockings to protect the legs. Scioto Co , Ohio.

I

=^

(EonDcntion
Proccebings

rJ

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Conventioti. held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Coatinued from page 714. J
DETECTING FOtJL BROOD.

Mr. France— There is one thing of vital importance to
Illinois, that the State Association and the Chicago-North-
western, now made a part of it, hand in hand together work
for the needed legislation this winter, and not wrangle so
much over other things. I am on my way to Washington to
help Prof. Benton get out a bulletin, of which there will be
published 50,000 copies for free distribution to the bee-keepers
of the United States, on the diseases of bees. I find that edu-

Oct. 19, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURftAL

729

cational literature on this subject will do as much good as
i nspe<tting'. As soon as we can get tlie people educated I
nuestion if we will need any inspectors. [Applause.) As I
said yesterday, unfortunately in our State 1 find a very small
proportion of the bee-kecper< who read bee-literature, and it
is going to take some time to get them educated. Until that
time we will have need of those other devices. To those of
us here who have not seen foul brood, this sample I am tak-
ing with me to Washington— (by the way, it has odor enough )
■ — is a sample procured out of a hive in the city of St. Louis
while I was down there at our National Convention. That
disease was contracted from your State, across the river, by
bees robbing from the city of St. Louis, so that your State
transmitted it over there. It is a very serious case of disease.

Mr. Wheeler — How can you prove that?

Mr. France — We prove it in this way : The strongest
colonies of bees that this man had in St. Louis were, in the
fore part of the season, very busy bringing in honey and ap-
parently robbing from somewhere. He took chop dust and
put upon those bees so that he might see how long it would
take for them to go and come back again. He got the time,
and he discovered them all going directly east across the river.
He went across the river and found a bee-yard infected with
foul brood, and these bees with the dust on, going in and out.

Mr. Wheeler — Did he have other colonies?

Mr. France — Yes, there are three others that have stolen
away from this naughty colony which was the strongest, and
to-day is a dead colony in the hive. Now the disease in ap-
pearance varies according to the localities, but I find some
lew things that do net vary a great deal : The sunken cap-
ping; the ragged, perforated holes in the capping. I believe
in all the States that is common. The bee in the larval age,
at about six to eight days from the egg, will first to the naked
eye show the appearance of the disease : earlier than that you
would need a glass. I am taking this from the point of those
who want to use just the naked eye, as you can't, without a
.glass, see if before that. The bee will, in the larval age, in-
stead of crawling around as it should, stand upon the point
ends of that larva with its back up. It is diseased, in agony,
and in that condition it does not lie down naturally. There is
a little yellow cast on either side of the back. It fin:dly
straightens out the same as the natural larva, and in stand-
ing up it lacks the vitality to retain itself in that shape and
falls back again to the lower side-wall of the cell. That is
the time that the larva will make itself adhere to the side-
wall and will never let go.

Now, there is a marked difference between black brrod,
pickled brood, and foul brood. Foul brood, when it once
strikes the lower side-wall, stays there as if fastened with
glue. The bees can not remove it except in one way. If
those combs have been thoroughly fumigated with formalde-
hyde it has a chemical action on those and they do remove
it in some cases, but not in all. That bee in the last dying
effort gets quite a dark color, and it throws out its tongue
frequently with force sufficient so that the tongue strikes the
upper side-wall and as such will hold as if put there by glue.
That will have a tendency, as the body of the bee dries out,
to draw the head up. This tongue has a tendency still to
hold, aind in the sample I have here there are many of those
larvae at that age with the tongue still holding thread-like to
the upper side-wall. That is the only reason I can give why
always in foul brood the head of the larval bee has a Chinese-
shoe-fashion or turn-up; it is because of that.

Now, the body of the bee becomes flattened and dark-
brown, nearly coflfee-color, and just at that point in giving
way, as it drops down, there is a dark, very nearly a black
streak across the body of the bee, and apparently on either
side little brown streaks that will remain in that condition for
about two days. It will continue to dry on the point on the
lower side-wall until it is no thicker than the side-wall of
the comb, sometimes even thinner than that, but the head
end of the bee having dried in that curled-up shape shows
itself to the eye much quicker than the balance of it further
back.

How to look at the comb is one of the most important
features that the bee-keepers of our country have not learned.
They take a comb and hold it looking straight down into the
cells. I confess I can't see foul brood in that way. For the
benefit of this bulletin we are getting out, I went to an artist
the other day with this comb and told him I wanted to be
photographed, but to take the picture from the rear I
wanted to show how to look down in the comb. As an i'lus-
tration we will suppose this to be a comb of foul brood, and
I want to look into it and there is the light — and by the w.iv,
never take candle light or electric light — you want good day

light in order to see it satisfactorily. If I were to hold it
upright, and stand with the light coming over my shoulder,
I would still look down into the bottom of the cell and see
no foul brood. But let me tip the top towards me so that
my eye looking in there will strike the lower side-wall about
one-third the length towards the base, then I will see those
black-brown heads readily all through the comb. You need
never question it. Black brood or pickled brood will never
have the appearance that f<nil brood does. In every state
where I have found it, there is a marked difference. This
photo is simply showing where I am holding up the comb.
I made a streak on the negative showing the angle of the
rays of light. It should be coming over the shoulder, and
then tip the top of the comb towards you.

Mr. Wheeler — Have you learned anything definite this
last year about fumigating? . , ,

Mr. France— I took one apiary badly infected where there
were several hundred combs, and from the fact that formal-
dehyde gas is one of the best disinfectants the medical world
has to-day, there was a great possibility, and I had a box
made by one of the best carpenters, which was perfectly air-
tight, all jointed, and white lead put in the joints. I put in
that box quite a number of combs, leaving about an inch and
a half space between each two combs. I had Mr. Weber's
lamp and followed his directions with one exceotion— I gave
twice the amount, and doubled the time in which it was fumi-
gated. I aired the combs, and two days later I put them back
into clean hives, put the bees back on those combs, and went
to Los Angeles to the National Convention : came home, went
immediately up there, and by the time I got back they had the
brood hatched. In about three-quarters of those hives I
found foul brood beginning to appear. I went to further in-
vestigation on the case and I found this, that every frame I
had fumigated had here and there a cell that was capp;d over
at the time Those that were not capped over the bees had
cleaned out, and I could not see any foul brood, but where
they had not taken that capping off, seemingly the chemical
properties of the acid had not destroyed the germs, and the
brood in those cells was diseased. So that if I were to fumi-
gate combs I should first uncap everything sealed and put it
in an extractor, and I would throw that brood till I was satis-
fied I had thrown everything out of it possible, and then
fumigate it. There is a possibility, but bear in mind we are
running a great risk and I would not recommend it. I have
carefully weighed the combs, carefully weighed the wax ren-
dered from a set of combs, and considered the price of foun-
dation, and in Wisconsin we can change a hive infected with
did and black combs to comb foundation at the cost of 12
cents per colonv. Why do we put any stress upon the loss
in that line? Those bees have as much new vigor and ambi-
tion to work on foundation, over the otlier one, as a boy has
over a new suit of clothes.

Mr. Wheeler— We have heard a good deal about fumiga-
ting the hive with a spray; there is a man in California that
has practised that. He sprays the bottom-board and allows
the fumes to go up in the combs. , , , •

Mr. France— I have tried that somewhat, but there is a
marked difference between California's dry atmosphere and
here I question, with the experience I have had within the
last two years, if the hive is thoroughly clean that there is
any danger. I put the bees right back into the same hive on
comb foundation, and I have no trouble.

Mr. Wheeler— Do you shake them out twice?

Mr. France— Yes. I tried two apiaries by shaking once,
and in the majority of cases it cured it. but here and there
would be a case in an apiary where it did not, and it would
not be safe. W'e do not lose a great deal if we do this at
the beginning of the honey-flow. As an illustration, up in
Central Wisconsin I reached an apiary of 15 or 20 colonies,
all infected, quite late in the afternoon or evening of the first
day of basswood bloom. The man was a very thorough man :
his surroundings all showed it. I repeated to hnn what I
would do with the apiary, were it mine. I said, "Do you un-
derstand it?" He said, "Yes." Now as a teacher I learned
that the best way to know that the student understood what
I told him was to let him tell it back to me again. I said.
"You tell me, if you please, what you are going to do with
those bees." He did, and I had to correct him only in two
places, so I was satisfied he understood how to do it, and do
it thorou,ghlv. Thirty days later I returned to the apiary to
see what the effect was. The same hives were there and 1
could find no indications of the disease. That was two years
ago, and there is none there yet. So I am satisfied it is
treated and cured. And on those hives was from IG to 18.
and on one hive 24 pounds of section comb honey within 30

730

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 19, 1905

days after ihey had been treated. That colony had not suf-
fered very much.

From another apiary that had gone down from a large
to a small number, the apiary having been treated, those
bees had been taking first and second premiums at our Wis-
consin State fair. It doesn't hurt a boy to have a new suit
of clothes. The cost is a very minor affair. The worst diffi-
culty with me, for the first few years at least, was to adjust
myself to the peculiar condition of each individual bee-keeper.
There is the worst feature I find as an inspector. One man
is glad you have come, and will do anything, even leave the
harvest, if you please, to have that work attended to ; tlie
other man is the very opposite — he would sooner you would

I

get away from there; he would promise anything to get rid
of you; and the surroundings correspond. That is the man
who needs an inspector, not the other man. In order to help
out I have taken with me for the last two years a German
wax-press, having a case made so that I could check it as
baggage. Where I find a badly infected yard, with the
class of bee-keeper whose surroundings are not favorable, I
take off my coat and I stay there and clean up the premises
myself, and take my wax-press and go on. If 1 leave it to
him a neighbor who is making his living out of the business
will suffer from the indifference of this friend.
(Continued next week.)

Conducted by EinMi M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Squab-Raising with Bee-Keeping

The question as to what may be run in con-
nection with t>ee-keepiDg is one that is always
in order. An article in White's Class Adver-
tising with reference to the Pljmouth Rock
Squab Company, contains a paragraph which
suggests the possibility of squab-raising as a
side-line for the bee-keeping sisters. The
paragraph is as follows :

"The records at the Boston ofliee show that
women are singularly successful in this in-
dustry, for it is eafy work, and work to which
they are especially adapted. Squab-raising
is also a business which is run by a great
many in conjunction with poultry."

5 or 50 colonies. In a good location, with no
other bees near, the average from 5 colonies
might be very much more than from 50, and
130 pounds of comb honey would be as good
as about 195 of extracted.

In any case. Miss Treverrow did well, but
just how well can be better understood if we
can have the desired light on those two points.

Finding Queens

Mr. D. M. Macdonald, copying in the British
Bee Journal some instructions given in this
department for finding queens, adds this com-
ment:

"There is no royal road to flnding a queen,
and practice is what the novice needs. It be-
comes, in general, a simple process — although
at times some queens, especially young ones,
prove very elusive, and are really adepts at
the art of hide and seek."

Good sense in that. Practice is everything.
Just keep at work finding queens and it will
soon cease to appear such a difficult thing.

Sisters, Use Honey in Cooliing

Any sister who has never tried honey in
cooking is making a mistake. Cake is not in
great favor at our house, but honey-cookies
are a standard article. Besides being univer-
sally liked, they keep indehnitely — if not
eaten before the termination of that uncer-
tain period.

A Canadian Sister's Success

The Canadian Bee Journal says that Miss
Treverrow is, " so far as we know at present,
the most extensive and successful lady api-
arist in Ontario, her average this season
amounting to fully 130 pounds to the colony
of white honey. Miss Treverrow uses the S-
frame Langstroth hive exclusively. Referring
to this she humorously stated that she was
not one of the ' big fellows,' and does not in-
tend to be."

That is decidedly interesting, but it is just
a bit exasperating that Editor Craig leaves us
in the dark on two very important points.
Please, Mr. Craig, won't you kindly tell us
how many colonies there were in that apiary
that averaged 130 pounds, and also whether
the honey was comb or extracted? You see
it makes a big difference whether there were

Honey for Chapped Lips

Either white vaseline or honey will make a
pleasant application for chapped lips. Don't
bite the lips. It is evidence of nervousness,
and will keep your cupid's bow in very rag-
ged, unlovely condition. — Chicago Record-
Herald.

Bee-Keeping for Women

In these days when so many women are
engaging in all kinds of enterprises to make
a living for themselves, and often to make a
living for others, it does seem strange that so
few women engage in bee-keeping. With
modern methods, so that one need not be on

hand all the time to watch for swarms, bee-
keeping can fit in with almost anything else.
Reading in the National Daily Review about
what a set of enterprising women are doing
with chiclsens and eggs down in a certain
part of Tennessee, one wonders why those
same women don't join in bees with the bid-
dies. From Morristown, Tenn., a place of
less than 3000 souls, there were shipped in a
year 223 carloads of eggs and 703 carloads of
poultry, representing the enormous value of
nearly $3,000,000.

Now that isn't because there are some men
of big capiial who have started poultry estab-
lishments on a large scale. "To the women
of East Tennessee, those living in the small
towns and farming communities, is given the
credit largely for this enormous volume of
business." The chickens and eggs are largely
taken to the small country stores all over
East Tennessee, and are there gathered up by
the hucksters who ship them in to Morristown
or other near-by points.

That shows the power of littles when gath-
ered into one great aggregate. Suppose one
woman out of 30 throughout the land should
keep 5 colonies of bees, and each colony
should average 25 pounds of oomb honey
yearly, do you think that would add any-
thing worth while to the wealth of this Na-
tion? Let's see. One out of 30 women, at a
very moderate estimate, would give 500,000,
and with 5 colonies each, giving an annual
yield of 25 pounds at 13 cents per pound, the
whole would foot up the neat little sum of
$7,500,000. Worth while, isn't it? And that
would be just so much that is now going to
waste.

Why under the sun don't more of the sis-
ters go at it?

/T

%=

ITIn ^asty s (Iftertl^ou^I^ts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, 8ta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

I

Politeness Defined

Stinging with sharp words, and then saving
our "face "and reputation by offering the
honey of a smile I "Afeared"the ladies do
not have the monopoly of that naughtiness.
How shall we attack this mightily respectable
sin? Let'scirculate (vest-pocket holder style)
the best of all definitions of the word, polite-
ness; Politeness is real kindness kindly ex-
pressed. Page 618.

That Suqae-Watbe Sdmmer Drink

Also afeared. Sister Wilson, that weakly
sugared water exposed four days in summer
will have considerable drunk in it. Fraud
anyhow. The idea of its specially recom-
mending itself to bee-folks because it con-
sumes tmo ou/ur.s of honey to over four gal-
lons of the stuff I Let us spew it out of our
mouths. (In dumb show, without taking
any in, best way to do that.) Page 618.

"Shrinkage" in Scale- Weights.

It be-wonders me what Geo. H. Kirkpatrick
means by " shrinkage " in connection with
his scale-hive weights on page 630. Hardly
do to say that nectar just brought in decreases
in weight so little as one-seventh or one-

fourth in becoming ripe honey — and what
else can it be? Also, I wonder if the figures
in the column of gains result from weighing
once a day or twice a day. There is a decided
loss of weight by night — more when they
have much young brood and less when they
are rearing little — more whon the gathering is
large and less when the gathering is small —
more when the nectar is thin and less when
the nectar is less thin— and I suppose more
when they get through roaring (fanning)
long before morning, and less when they
don't get the fanning job well done. For
steadiness of yield with no cyphers in it this
record is rather remarkable. Two maximums
a few days apart, one jumping to 16X, and
one of the growing kind growing up to 18X —
big figures both.

How Bees Build Honet-Comb.

After giving so lucid and interesting an
account of comb-building as Mr. Doolittle
has done — and getting such a trouncing for it
as Arthur C. Miller gives him on page 631, I
think he should reply — unless prepared to
admit that the main statements of his account
were worthless. Meantime I guess I won't
mix in— any further than to say that I am not
yet fully convinced that the bee does not help

Oct, 19, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

731

itself by certain rough-and-ready measure-
ments— touching the work with some of its
members. A live creature doesn't have to
measure as a machine would have to do it.

And here's a big battle at boxing, worth

traveling to 'Frisco to see ;
Ho, somebody 1 you go sponge Arthur, and

somebody sponge Mr. D.

DRONE-JDICE AS AN APIFUGE.

The Forestier experiments which Mr. Da-
dant gives on page B32, are appetizing, to say
the least. Half inclined to think, though,
that the results will dissolve into thin air
when American bee-keep»rs try a hand.
Easily tried and soon settled, I should say.
As to protecting the hands with crushed
drones, I don't realize any need of having my
hands protected. I don't want to work with
ray bees when they are in any such infuriated
frame of mind as to sting my fingers. The
beginner would not feel so; but even he
would get harm rather than good if he had
the means of disregarding entirely the mood
that bees badly handled in bad weather can
be gotten into. At least one thing in these
attractive experiments looks very suspicious.

The understanding is that drones can enter
other colonies about as safely as they enter
their own. If this is so it's queer that the
juice of alien drones themselves would be un-
noticed. I don't believe we want an apifuge —
not very sorely at any rate. But if wetting a
queen in the juice of crushed drones is certain
to give her a kind reception in the colony the
drones came from, that will be a valuable
addition to our resources.

Daily Wax-Secretion op Bees.

No, sir. Your 26,000 bees are not going to
secrete a pound of wax in one day. 'That
would require each bee to secrete wax at the
rate of its own weight in 6 days. Cut those
figures down heavily. Nearly 20 years ago I
was much interested in my own experiments
on this line. Memory poor, and haven't time
to hunt up the records just now, but the wax-
secretion of a colony is nearer an ounce per
day than a pound per day. Wax is produced
in scales — scales small and thin — and only 6
of them on a bee. They would have to grow
too much like .Jack's bean-stalk to equal one-
sixth of the bee's total weight in one day.
Page 634.

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Mijller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does twt answer Questions by mail.

Removlne Supers for Winter

I have 1.5 colonies of black bees, with su-
pers on. Will it be best to take the supers
off, and leave them off during the winter, or
leave them on the hives empty?

Tennessee.

Answer.— It will be well to take off the
supers, most cerlainly if sections are in them.
No harm to leave the supers on if they are
filled with some sort of packing.

Increase and Rearing Queens

1. When I get out and can attend to the
bees, if I find they have eggs and larvie in the
brood-nest, would you advise me to put a di-
vision-board in the hive, placing the combs,
lartae and part of the bees on one side, shut-
ting off the queen and bees on the other side!
Understand, this is with the view of making
increase between now and spring I noticed
the bees were active upon the flowers before I
was disabled, and hope there are still drones.

2. If the queenless beesshould make queen-
<:ells and place therein an egg, how long be-
fore the cell will be capped?

3. What is the time, generally speaking,
from the capping until the queen cuts herself
out of the cell?

4. How long is i^ on an average, from the
placing of an egg in a queen-cell till she
comes out a full-fledged queen ?

5. If there are no drones, can we not by
feeding incite the queen to laying, and there-
by produce drones?

6. If there are drones, and the queenless
bees have formed queen-cells, would you form
a nucleus of bees by taking 2 frames of bees
and one of honey, giving each nucleus a
capped queen cell?

7. How long after the cell is capped should
it be before it is placed in a nucleu?

California.

Answers. — 1. A man who has been through
the mill as you have, certainly deserves to
succeed, but I doubt the wisdom of making
any increase before next season. A colony
gotten through the winter in good shape, and
strong for the beginning of the season, will
allow you to build up better than two weak-
lings that you might have if you divide now.
Moreover, if you decide to try the plan you
outline, you might do so without any great

loss, and then unite for winter if you did not
succeed.

2. In 8 or 9 days from the time the egg is
laid the cell should be capped. But instead
of an egg, queenless bees will start with a
larva 2 days or so of age, and ought to be
capped 4 to 6 days later.

3. About a week.

4. 15 or 16 days.

5. Possibly, but it's uphill business.

6. Yes, but hardly so late in the season.

7. The riper the cell the better, say within
a day or two of hatching, or 5 or 6 days after
it is sealed.

Wintering Bees In a Building— Taking
Off Supers for Winter

1. I have recently put up a building to
winter bees. Can I cut a hole in it and place
the hive in front of it?

3. I would also like to know if I can paint
a hive when the bees are in it. If so, when is
the best time to do it?

3. When should I take off supers for win-
ter? Vermont.

Answers. — 1. Yes, you can have a small
opening in the wall, and have a passage lead-
ing to it from the hive. But reports of win-
tering in this way have not generally been
the most favorable.

2. Yes, the bees will not object, and the
best time, so far as they are concerned, is
when they are not very actively at work.
Now is a good time.

3. Just as soon as the bees stop storing, and
in the present case that probably means some
time ago.

Management for Comb Honey

1 hive paid the strictest attention to the
questions you have answered in the American
Bee .Journal, liat kindly inform me if I have
the right idea of the way you handle your
colonies to produce abundantly of comb
honey. I do not know of your method of
getting colonies ready for the flow, but Mr.
Doolittle's plan is as follows :

Six weeks before the flow, take a frame of
honey, breaking the cappings. and place the
same in the center of the colony. After "
days he inserts another frame of honey in the
center of the brood-nest, prepared as before.

I failed to say that when he has decided to
commence operations he equalizes the stores
so that he knows each colony has enough to
carry it at least 2 weeks without any fear of
starvation. Is your plan different from thisi
Will I be asking you too much for your plan?

Here is my point: If you have colonies
good and strong, and ready for the flow, do
you contract the brood-chamber down to say
5 or 6 frames, so the queen has only a few
frames to lay in, and so the bees will rush the
nectar into the supers?

Also, by having only 5 or 6 frames in the
brood-chamber, you don't rear considerable
bees to become consumers instead of gather-
ers after the flow is over. Delaware.

Answer.— All I do is to see that each col-
ony has abundance of honey, and then let
them build up at their own sweet will. So
you see you're not asking a great deal when
you're asking me to tell you that, and you
will please feel free to ask any questions you
like.

As to further management, I don't con-
tract to anything less than one story of 8
frames. If the queen will occupy more than
one story, I give the second, and then, when
supers are put on, the colony is reduced to
one story. That useless-consumer theory
may be overworked, and I'm not afraid of
having colonies too strong at any time.

I thank you for your kind words at the end
of your letter.

May Be Robbing-Feeding for
Winter

1. I believe my bees have paralysis. I have
only 3 colonies; they have stored no honey.
There are no other bees within a mile. It
looks as if my bees were robbing each other.
I have sprinkled sulphur over them once.
How often ought I to sprinkle them? They
are all fighting each other. A few seem to try
to get into the top of the hive, but I think
they are my own bees. I have contracted the
entrances.

2. If I feed with a Boardman feeder, will
the bees whose hives are filled up below take
it up into the super? Two of the colonies
have one super on, and one has more.

3. Would it be better to use a half-gallon
Mason jar rather than a Mason quart jar?

4. The bees may have honey below. How
much syrup ought I to feed them?

5. Would it be best to requeen them? They
are black and cross. According to the Ameri-
can Bee .Juornal they have bee-paralysis.

Missouri.
Answers.- 1. It it is a case of paralysis,
keep up the sulphur every day or two till
cured. But your saying the bees try to get
in at the top makes it look like a case of rob-
bing.

2. Whatever feeder you use, the bees will
carry up into the super the feed after the
brood-chamber is filled, and of course that
wouldn't do.

3. One will answer as well as the other.

4. That depends upon how much they al-
ready have Feed till they have in the brood-
chamber about 30 pounds in all.

b It would be profitable to get a better
strain of bees.

Location for Bee-Keeping-
Feeder

Miller

1. If you were free to select a location for
bee keeping, where would you go?

2. What do you think of Northwest Colo-
rado as a location for a bee-keeper? also
Southwest .Missouri? and Big Horn Basin in
Wyoming?

3. Where can we get such information in a
ready reference form?

4. Should the inside wall of the Miller
feeder be a bee-space, or less, from the bot-
tom ; Would it not be better to be less than
a bee-space, to keep the bees from the main
part of the feeder? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. It's a prob-
lem on which I'd put a lot of study if I had it
to decide. It certainly wouldn't be likely to
be such a location as I now have, with only

732

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 19 1905

one source on which to depend for a crop,
and wilh the likelihood of that one thing
being a failure some years — too many years.
I'd try to find a place where there were sev-
eral things to be relied on, unless some single
plant could be relied on every year. Neither
would the resources for honey be the only
things to be considered. I'd want a place
where I could have the delights of home and
society — in short, where I could get the most
fun of the purest and best kind out of this
lite, with the chance of doing something to
make others want to live the best life here
and hereafter.

2. I think they're good, except Big Horn
Basin, of which I know nothing.

3. In the nature of the case there is no like-
lihood that such information in ready refer-
ence form will ever be available. If it were,
all the best places would be likely to be taken
up at once, and the Information would then
be of no value. It would be possible to make
out some sort of a map as to honey locations,
but what good to tell the best location it that
location is already occupied? The problem
of location will most likely continue in the
future as in the past, to be one that each one
must solve for himself.

4. I don't believe it makes very much dif-
ference as to the exact space.

Comb Foundation In Sections of THIs
Year for Next Year's Use

Bees haven't done very well here this sum-
mer. There was no nectar in the white clover,
nor in the red clover, either, so they will do
well if they live. I would like to know if the
comb foundation that has been in the supers
this year will be all right to use next year.

Missouri.

ANSV.ER.— It will be all right if the bees
have not spoiled it with bee-glue. There is
much danger of that it the foundation has
been left on till late in the season. If badly
varnished with propolis, the bees don't like
to tackle it another season, and it is not very
nice if they should use it.

Why Did The Bees Do So Poorly ?

" Misery loves company," etc. After read-
ing the first item on page 677, 1 feel a little
relieved. I have kept bees tor 1.5 years, and
this is the first year in which I did not get a
pound of surplus honey. Last spring I had 6
colonies; I now have 9, made by dividing 2 or
3, and the rest of the increase given to me by
passers-by, who found a swarm clustered on
a fence, and told me to get it. There were
plenty of rain and flowers, but no honey.
Half of my colonies need feeding now for
winter. One colony not touched started to
work in the sections. They had 2-pound sec-
tions nearly ready to cap, and I was think-
ing, '* Now I shall have some surplus, sure."
But lo I the next time I looked they had car-
ried every bit of honey out of those sections,
and now I have no honey for a single buck-
wheat cake. Surely it cannot be altogether
poor queens. It's a mighty poor set of bees
that would treat a man so shabbily as that.
Not one ounce of surplus !

A neighbor 100 rods away has 2 and 3 su-
pers' full on some hives, and another neigh-
bor 1}4 miles oH fared no better than I. I
have gotten a couple new queens from Iowa,
thinking my stock was poor, but how can my
stock be so much poorer than my neighbor's
100 rods away? Don't my stock mix with
his? Won't they be more or less alike?

I quote from item on page 677: "If any
one has the right answer to the question, he
will confer a favor by forwarding it without
delay to this office." Illinois.

Answer. — Yes, your bees will mix with
those of your neighbor 100 rods away, and
that mixing will of course make them more
or less alike. But it takes time, and a good
deal of time, to make them so much alike that
one lot may not store a good deal more than
the other, if there was a marked difference in
their storing abilities in the first place. Mind
yoH, however, that doesn't say that the dif-
ference in results is all owing to the differ-

A Telephone for the
Country Home

The telephone in the country home is not a luxury— it's a
money-saving investment that brings returns every day.
Kee|)s the farmer's family in close relation with the neigh-
bors, saves many a trip to town, and helps to make tne
young folks satisfied with the farm by giving them advan-
tages like their city cousins.

Stromber^-Carlson

Telephones

Are the right telephones forcountry homes. They work right,

stay right, and the iirice is right. Our new book 80-E, "How

the Teleplione Helps the Farmer." illustrates and describes

how our telephones are made— explains why they are the

to buy. Farmers are building lines all over the land. Why

not you? The book shows how cheaply it can be done. If you are

interested we will send you a book telling "How to Huild a Rural

Telephone Line." and how to maintain it aftnr it is built. Both

books are free. Write nearest office for them ioilay. Address

STROMBERG-CARISON TEL. MFG. CO., Rochester. N. Y.. Cblcaijo, III.

Mention Bee Journal Tvhen -frritlng.

ence in bees. There may have been a dif-
ference in management, or something else.
Then it is possible that your neighbor's bees,
100 rods away, had access to pasturage that
your bees did not get; although that is a
hardly admissible supposition. Tour getting
no surplus might come under the head of the
case mentioned on page 677 — plenty of flow-
ers in sight hut nothing obtained by the bees,
if bees 100 rods away had been in the same
predicament; but with a distance only so
small as that the flowers could hardly be en-
tirely to blame.

" It Is cotitltiuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

FOR
SALE

HONEY-JARS

The No. 25 Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tipnt,holdiag One Pound
of Honey, Net, In shipping-cases of one gross-
each:

1 gross lots $4 50 per gross

S •' " 4.U0 "

Also in strong RE-SMiPPINQ CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect pn tection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 " 95

10 " -90 '•

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shlpping case;

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 85c

ID " " " 8Uc

20 " " " 7Sc

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN.
265 A. 267 GREENWrCH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

Some Good GiuDDlng Otiers

A good many subscriptiotis to the American Bee Journal should be renewed
at once. We wish to call special attention to the clubbing offers below, which
we are sure will commend themselves. The American Bee Journal one year
and your choice of one of the following:

BOTH FOR

No. 1— Dr. Miller's " Forty Years Among
the Bees" (book alone, $1.00) $1.75

No. 3— Prof. A. J. Cook's "Bee-Keeper's
Guide," (book alone, $1.20) 3.00

No. 3— Dadant's " Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee," (book alone, 11.30) 3.00

No. 4— Doolittle's " SoientiBo Queen-
Rearing, "(cloth bound) bookalone,$l. 1.75

No. 5 — Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-
Rearing," (leatherette bound) book
alone, 75c 150

No. 0— A Standard-Bred Untested Italian
Queen, next May or June (Queen
alone, 75c) 1.50

No. 7 — " Novelty Pocket-Knife " with
your name and address on it (knife
alone, $1.35) : 3 00

No. 8—" Wood Binder," for holding a
year's numbers (binder alone, 20c) .... 1.10

No. 9—" Emerson Binder," (stiff board)
binder alone, 7.5c 1.50

BOTH FOR

No. 10— Monette " Queen-Clipping De-
vice," (Device alone, 25c) $1.10

No. 11 — Newman's "Bees and Honey,"
(cloth bound) book alone, 75c 1.50

No. 12 — Newman's "Bees and Honey,"
(paper bound) book alone, 50c 1.30

No. 13— Root's "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
(book alone, $1.30) 2.00

No. 14— A Gold Fountain Pen (Pen alone
$1.25) 3.00

No. 15— " The Honey-Money Stories,"
(book alone, 25c) 1.10

No. 16 — Maeterlinck's "Life of the Bee,"
(cloth bound) book alone, $1.40 3.25

No. 17—3 Bee-Songs—" Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom," "Buck-
wheat Cakes and Honey," and "The
Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." (each lOo or
3 for 35c) 1.10

No. 1.S— 50 copies " Honey as a Health-
Food," (alone, 70c) 1.50

Send all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Oct. 19. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

733

i Reports anb
I (Experiences

Poorest Honey Season

This is the poorest season I have ever
known — only one-third of a crop, owing to
excessive rains. O. M. Blanton.

lij Washington Co., Miss., Oct. s.

Bush Clover

I send a plant or blossom ami would like to
know its name. The bees are working on it.
There is only one plant of it here, so I will
save some of the seed. A. J. Dibbold.

La Salle Co., III., Oct. 6.

[The plant in question is the bush clover,
and a very good honey-plant, too. It takes
possession of waste-places and scarcely ever
becomes obnoxious. So you need not hesitate
to let it spread. — C. L. Walton.]

Blessed with a Good Season

I see that reports from some places show a
poor crop of honey. I have been blessed with
as good a season as I ever had, and nothing
from basswood. The crop was mostly from
blue thistle, and as fine honey as I ever had.
I had a hard time to extract it, as I always
leave it on the hive until capped unless fall
honey begins to come in, and my comb honey
■was the whitest I ever set eyes on. I sold the
■extracted at $5.(0 for a 60-pound can, and can
returned, as fast as I could take it off. Comb
honey went at 14 cents, and the buyers resold
at 20 cents, but that has been my price for
years, regardless of crop, and I never have
any on hand by Sept. 10.

It looks strange to me that bee-men have
hard work to sell their honey crop. I would
like to have what I could dispose of at the
above figures. There is hardly a day by Sept.
1 but I have to turn down orders. The largest
■crop I ever had was 9800 pounds, about one-
half extracted. That year it was all gone by
Sept. 3. One buyer in Boston would take all
I could produce every season. I let him have
only one-half of my crop this year; and last
year I could not let him have a pound, as the
last two winters I lost most of my bees. I
have only 75 colonies now, not all Italians.
C. M. Lincoln.

Bennington Co., Vt., Oct. 9.

Fine Bee-Lltepature

1 have gone through the first 5 copies of the
American Bee Journal, and must say I like it
fine ! Those 5 copies are worth more than the
subscription price. Too bad so many " would-
be" bee-keepers do not value our bee-litera-
ture. J. G. Baumoaebtner.

Clinton Co., 111., Oct. 12.

Scarcely an Average Honey Crop

The honey crop in this locality could
scarcely be called an average one, yet it was
far better than last year. The weather con-
tinued very cool and wet until June, but in
spite of unfavorable conditions brood-rearing
was kept up remarkably well, which gave
plenty of bees to gather from basswood, and
basswood never bloomed nicer here than it did
this year. The weather was also favorable
for the bees during the time it bloomed. As-
ters are now beginning to bloom, and always
gives a bountiful supply for winter store^.
There is no feeding of syrup or other substi-
tutes for honey here in the fall, as asters fur-
nish all the stores necessary for winter.

I have 4" colonies of bees at present, all in
Langstroth 8-frame hives, and all in fine con-
dition for winter. About all colonies have
young queens, which, as a rule, insures a popu-
lous colony of young bees, which will winter
with very little protection from cold. From

my experience too much importance can not
be attached to giving young queens about
swarming-time. Queens given then keep up
laying until late in the fall, which produces
bees of just the right age to live through the
winter and rear brood in the spring.

Golden Italians are superior to any other
strain of bees as honey-gatherers, and also for
gentleness, in my estimation ; they also winter
well. James Wolfe.

Marshall Co., W. Va., Sept. 20.

Virgin Queens and Swarming Out

At last that all-important question (to me,
at least) is being discussed, viz : Mating and
swarming out of virgin queens. In this
locality no worse advice could ever be given,
than thatof giving a frame of unsealed brood.
The last virgin, when so helped, will bring
out a swarm evrry time when there is honey to
be found. Exceptions: Very early in the
spring, say about March 1, or very late in the
fall, say after the middle of October. Queens
from these post-constructed cells are every
bit as good as any.

Bees in Florida did not do much the past
spring. It was rather cool, rainy and windy.
One single rain-storm of 2 hours' duration in
May ruined one of Florida's finest honey
crops, viz. : honey from tupelo-gum.

My first surplus I got from corn, or, rather,
corn-tassels. Yes, Dr. Miller, here in my
location, on sandy, piney woodland, bees
work on corn-tassels just as long as there is
any (lew on the grass in the uiorumij, and no
longer; &feii) bees would hover also over the
corn-tassels a very short time before sunset,
but on two or three days it showered, the sun
coming out now and then boiling hot from be-
hind the clouds. Bees worked on these days
full time.

The fall crop — cotton and pea-vine honey —
is only one-half of what it was with me last
year.

About 2 years ago Mr. Sheppard, from this
State, made a statement in Gleanings that in
his location the .A' CI* swarm came out with a
virgin queen. At that time it was explained
something like this : 1. Probably Mr. S. did
not notice the first swarm with the clipped
queen. (I, myself, thought so, too.) 2. Prob-
ably the weather delayed the issuing of the
prime swarm. I also had 2 prime swarms
come out this year, each accompanied by a
virgin queen.

In my case it was simply a case of super-
sedure. As proof I will say that the bees con-
structed just one queen-cell. Further, the

two old queens (in Sand 10 frame hives) did
rather poor duty right on. The weather was
ideal for swarming. Well, tlie old queen
did not come out, but left this chance
for her virgin daughter.

Now I am of the opinion that the unsealed
brood was the reason that the only virgin left
the hive; because after the old "mama"
died, there being no unsealed brood at the
time the young virgin took her flight, she
(the virgin) remained.

Will Mr. Sheppard, if he should see this,
please answer through the American Bee
Journal how long the old queen lived after he
had the experience of a prime swarm with a
virgin queen?

I am a bachelor, and have nobody to watch
for swarms, consequently I run a home api-
ary like an out-yard. I generally open the
brood-chamber every 8th or 9th day, and con-
sequently know what I am writing about.
D. J. Pawletta.

Columbia Co., Fla., Oct. 5.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

The National Bee-Keepers' Association
holds its annual convention at the Revere
House, corner of Clark and Michigan streets,
in Chicago, during the Fat Stock Show, when
exceedingly low rates may be secured on the
I railroads. The dates for the meeting are Dec.
5, 6 and 7. Rates at the hotel are 75 cents for
a room alone, or 50 cents each, where two
occupy the same room. Meals are extra, or
they may be secured at near-by restaurants.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

Mlnnesota=Wisconsln. — The annual meeting
of the Southeastern Minnesota and Western
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at the County CommissiooerB' Rooms in
the Court Honse at Winona, Minn., on Oct. 24
and 25, 1905, at 10 a.m. of each day. All bee-
keepers invited with their wives, and help to
make the convention a saccess.

Joseph M. Reitz, Sec.

W. K. Bates, Pres.

Georgia.— The Southern Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold a meeting in Atlanta, Ga.,
during the State Fair, Oct. 20, at 10 a.m., on the
Fair Grounds, at ihe apiarian exhibit. All bee-
keepers aad those interested are invited to at-
tend and take part. Jddson Heard, Sec.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

An Autograph Copy

Of Dr. Miller's Book,

J Foriy Years flmono ilie Bees.

We have some copies of Dr. Miller's book in which he himself has written
ou the front blank page — " Cordially Yours,

C.C.MILLER."

1^^

Htv Jll Yfj^rs

^H dmnna

I^K rhp Hpp(

IHL .rr^-

l^rrf ' "'-''**

BrN^"^

^^

This book is cloth-bound, 328 pages, and tells Dr. Miller's methods and
management. Price, il.OO, postpaid : or the book and the Weekly American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.75. ,S-'y Be sure to mention " Autograph Copy "
if you desire that kind.

Dr. Miller's Book Sent Free as a Premium.

To one whose subscription to the American Bee Journal is paid to the end
of this year or later, we will mail an AUTOGRAPH COPY of this book FREE
for sending u.s two NEW yearly subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each.

-ADDRESS-

American Bee Journal,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

The American Bee Journal is in its 45th year.

734

THE AMERICAN BEE JOCRNAL

Oct. 19, 1905

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, SectiooB, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy fir next season's use. Lewis' Uoods at factory prices. Cat-
alog free. Cash orders at catalog prices on such goods as mentioned m special list.

Before February 6 percent discount

Before November 9 percent discount

" December 8 "

" January T

March 5

April 3

Ask for special list now, free.

Honey-Packages for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets, Ola«s Jars with patent spring
coalers and class stoppers; regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
fng samples of exUacted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

Wb have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. If
^nn can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your hrst order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house. u » »-

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Best service,
lowest Ireiglit rates, satislaclion to all.

G. M. SCOTT &. CO. iNDiAN^pouj

^ASH. Street
IS. IND. ♦•S-
Mention Bee Journal when wxlUng.

Glass Jars for Boney

We can ship by return freight at the

'°'^°-rb''f a^rl wHh corks-1 case of 21 doz. for
$5 50 ; 3 cases, $15.50. . , , ■ .

%-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
«5.25;3cases for.?15. , ,^, , «.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 12 doz., for So ,
3 cases for $14.

Hand.^. Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any;
good as new. If interested write for price.

YORK HONEY 1T,"pp«l'v^ CO.

(Not incorporati d)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
«- send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Di»count» to the Trade.

WANTED

A bee.keeper. Will furnish cottage or room
in city. State experience, and wages expected.

43Alt J. J. WILDER. Cordele, Qa.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when Trriting.

Wb Sbll root's Goods in Michiqan

Let US qnote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc, as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT &SON,
Bbll BRiNCH, Wavnk Co., Mich

Mention Bee Jonrnal when ^vrlting.

Big Discounts
on Bee=5upplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1.... 4 "

Jan. 1 7 " I April 1 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.

Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38A1f Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

iVisGonsiri Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

a -mm DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

ft JfC We carry a fuUline of SUPPLIES. Aslc for Catalog.

/; THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

10 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during October. Send for our Catalog.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

Wonderful Doings

at the

Stock Yards

The wondrouB activity aud business dispatch
met with at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago,
are a source of amazement to all visitors who
are told that often 65,U00 animals are unloaded
and disposed of there in one day. Every fann-
er cannot visit thia live stock center, but the
editor of

Blooded Stock

—that hustling stock and farm paper-has ar-
rani;ed tu bring the Stot-k Yards to his readers.
Manai^er Skinner of the International Live
Stock Association will contribute a very com-
prehensive article on the Stock Y^ards. exclu-
sively for the entire October issue of Blooded
Htock. This article will he illustrated and will
deal with the Stock Yards as the great inter-
national center where prices and standards are
made Be sure to subsorihe. 25c a year is
mighty small. Anvbodv can afford 25c. The
November number of Blooded Stock will be
devoted tn Beef Breeds and Shorthorne.
Blooded Stock, Box 221, Oxford, Pa.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

tu> 9XB3.C TS o^ 9 tnojjqsB^pnV

a

K^t?(^j=t^®

P»t'dI83B,*8:]

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everythinsf in
the. smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
If i want any more smokers your new style is
eood enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
dnced me to ffet mine. Fkkd Fodnbr.

En§ravln§sFcrSaie

We are accnmolating qnite a stock of eng-rav-
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Jonrnal. No donbt many of them conld be nsed
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it wonld help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using in our columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one would like to
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, II« I,

Oct. 19. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

735

Lowest Pric

M Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 '•

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 6 '"

" March 1 4 ''

" April 1 2 •■

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established INearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly.
50c a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.
Mention Bee Jonrnal when wrltlns.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS
We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
^voo<l Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 3 cans,
boxed, at 9 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans, at
one time, 8>^ cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEY^^u^ppI^^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO. ILL.
New Comb money-Crop of 1905

We oelieve il would paj those having u in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us jonr low-
est t-pot cash prices, and fully describe the
e^oods and siyleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in ih? U S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manz&nola, Colo., aao Fairfield, III.
28Atf t*i^a«p nieotlnu the Bfp Journal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Floney in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaOS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
4iAtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

FOR SALE

Until fonaer a ii,.e, fioe-t quality new crop
California Wi'er White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in bO-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and uew cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity yoo want.

HILDRETH & SBGELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y.

34Atf Please mention the Bee Jooraal.

.iV/iNtV AINU tJbbi»WAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbb St. Chicago. III.

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIG-HT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

9 Percent Discount

For Cash. Orders Received in

^ ?3« OCTOBERS

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER '"SHr

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

^oney ant>

Chicago, Oct. 5. — The demand for comb
hoaey is about as usual for the season of year.
OflEerings from the surrounding States are fully
equal to past season, but that from Colorado
and the Midd e Western Sta es are not. No. 1
to fancy white comb honey sells at 13@l4c,
with an occasional sale at 15c; the off grades
embiacing crouked combs, etc., sell at lU'jiUc;
amber grades difficult to place at 9(*j'10c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c, according to kind, body
and flavor and package; ambers 5]4@(>% cents.
B^esw.^x eelliug upon arrival at 30c if clean;
off grades about 2c per ponnd less,

R. A. BURITBTT A Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 6.— Reports from different
parts of the coum ry give evidence of an almost
total failure in the comb honey crop, excepting
the points in the North. Wearesejling this
Northern comb honey at from 14fy;6 cents per
pound, by the case. The demand for extracted
honey is about equal to the receipts, which are
godd. We continue to sell amber in barrels at
5^@6c; white clover at 65i®756c. For beeswax
we are paying 30c per pound, cash, delivered
here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, w ho mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

The Frbd W.Muth Co.

Toledo, Aug. 18— The market on comb honey
at this writing is practically the same as last;
however, honey is being offered quite freely,
and this has a tendency to decline the price.
On account ol the heavy receipts of fruit there
is no great demand for either comb or extracted
at vresent. Fancy white clover in a retail way
brings 15c; Nu. I, I4c; little demand for amber.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6@6^c; in
cans,7@7J4c: amber In barrels, SfSjSKc; in cans,
6^6>ic. Beeswax, 28@30c. Griggs Bros.

Cincinnati, O., Oct. 7.— The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be excepdiugly short and producers in
the West keep tlie price high. We quote fancy
water-white cctnb honey No. 1 white closer
from 14@H)c; No. 2 from 12mo44c. Extracted
seems to be more plentiful. In barrels, light
amber, 5l%(s>S^-zc; in cans, He more. White
clover from lui-Sc. Beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W, Webbk.

New York, Sept. 22. — New crop is beginning
to arrive quite freely from New York Slate and
Pennsylvania. ;ii:d is in fair demand at 14c for
fancy white, exceptionally fine quality may
bring 16c; 1 'c lur No. 1 white, and ll^H2c for

No. 2 white and amber; no buckwheat on the
market as yet. Extracted, in good demand at
last quotations. Beeswax, firm and ecarc* at
20@30c. HiLDKBTH A Seoblebn

Albany, N. Y., Sept. 21.— Honey demand
improving here as the season advances, and as
next month is the best month we look for good
prices. Buckwheat comb is scarce; that is,
straight buckwheat. We quote fancy white,
ISc; No. 1, 14c; mixed, 13c; buckwheat. No 1,
13c; mixed. l3@12i^c. Extracted, white, 7(rt'7J^c;
mixed. 6H@~c; buckwheat,6KcentB. Beeswax,
2S(a^32c. H. R. Wrioht.

Kansas City, Oct. ■>.— The honey market
here at present is very strong ai $3 25 per case
for No. 1 and fancy white comb in 24sectioa
cases; amber and other grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at b%c. Beeswax, 2Sc.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Indianapolis, Oct. 12. — There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De-
mand for lower grades of comb honey not good.
Numerous shipments of honey arriving, but no
one producer seems to have very great quanti-
ties to oflfer. I quote fancy white at 15(ail6c;
No. I in poor demand at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade extracted brings 8(a'9c in oO-lb.
cans; amber slow at Sc. Beeswax, 28f(fi30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

Philadelphia, Oct. 10.— Honey has been ar-
riving freely in the last 10 dais, but as the quan-
tity in the producer's hands is somewhat un-
certain, the market is rather fluctuating, and
sales have been made at various prices, which
hardly fixes the market. We quote: Fancy
comb, 14@15c; No. 1, 13c; amber, ll@12c. Ex-
tracted bonev. white, 7c; amber, 6c. Beeswax
sells freely at 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission, Wm. A. Sblsbr.

San Francisco, Oct. 4.— White comb, 1-lb,
sections, 8^ 'Scents; amber, 6 7c. Exudct-ch.-
water-white, 5@— c; white, 4Ji@43^c; light am-
ber, 3>^@4 cents; amber, 3@3Hc; dark amber,
2K@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 25@27c.

Dealers compla'n that there Is very little sale
for honey in this market, and that so Inng as
apiarists continue to hold at present figures
there is little likelihood of any improvement.
Growers are not at all alarmed over the out-
look, as it is believed that they will find a ready
market for their crop as soon as the fact of the
shortage of the yield tn many sections becomes
established. As the matter now stands there
seems to be a deadlock between growers and
dealers, with little possibility of any improve-
ment in the situation except through conces-
sions on the part of the apiarists.

Please mentloii Bee Journal
when wrltiue advertisers.

736

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 19, 190S

JUST THINK OF IT!

LEWIS' SO. 1 FIHE

WHITE POLISHED

SECTIONS

1,000 @$4.55 per thousand

2,000 @ 4.43

3,000 @ 4.32

4,000 @ 4.20

5,000 @ 4 09

10,000 @ 3.86

25,000 @ 3.64

50,000 (« 3.45

IF ORDER WITH CASH IS SENT IN THIS
MONTH

as these prices are net after October discount is deducted.

Hives and Other Supplies Proportionately
Cheap

Send for Catalog Coutaluing Discounts and
List of Agents

Q. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

.<v.

#

••♦,••
•»♦•■

4k

4t

Dee Journal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., OCTOBER 26, 1905

J. G. Creighton and Apiary, of Hamilton Co., Ohio.
(See page 743)

No. 43

Apiarian Displa; of The A. I. Root Co., at the Si. l.ouis Internaliooal or Louisiana Eurcbase Exposition, in 1904.

738

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 26, 1905

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0ReE W. YORK S COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STTBSCKIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
81.00 a year, la the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPER-liABEIi DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscriplio-' ispai.l.
For Instance, '* deco6" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited,

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist —To promote the interests of ita members.

2d.— To protect and detend its members in their
lawful riahts. , ■ ^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^- *

gd.— To enforce laws against the adulteration oi
hone?*

Annual Membership Dues, $i,oo

General Manacer and Treasurer-

N,E. I'KANCE.Platteville, WlB.

^y~ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
Dnblishers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(Incorporated)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
adverttsinK.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-beeper mav become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 2( 0 colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
Arm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keepine.

George W. York. Manager,

334 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending ubONE NEW subscription with $i.ouforthe
Bee Journal a year. Now is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to yon. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$50to$K0per month salary assured our graduates
tinder bond. Tou dont pay us until you hare a
pOBitlon. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPBK-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted. Write for Catalog.

MOR8B School of Tblegraphy.

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo. N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse,

Wis. Texarkana. Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29Al7t Please mention the Bee Jonmal

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates lor the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal vvhen irrltlns.

< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES I

Root's Goods ai Root's rrlC6S

mm

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers.

POUbER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .', .-. .*. Catalog Free.

If you wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my
free moathly price-list of honey.

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USB. and avail
yourself of the following very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

For cash orders before Oct. 1.
For cash orders before Nov. 1
For cash orders before Dec. 1-

Percent

10

9

For cash orders before Jan. 1..7 percent
For cash orders before Feb. 1 . . 6 percent
For cash orders before Mar. 1 . .4 percent
For cash orders befoie Apr. 1..2 percent

WALTER S. rOUDER, I

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. i

Mention Bee Journal irhen irriting.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION r'lc BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working Wax for Cash, and oa a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER,

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Augusta, Wis.

i Laroe d\mmi% on B66-Suppii6§

To keep our factory busy after the season's rush is over. Send ue a list of your
needs in this line. The price we'll put on it will convince you that the time to buy is
NOW.

Don't fail to tile your application for our new catalog. It is going to be a valuable
book for any bee-keeper. On account of the great expense only enough will be printed
to supply those who apply in advance. Send your name today.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen writlngr.

9 Percent Disconnt

ON ORDERS FOR
accompanied by
cash sent us

I Lewis' Bee-Supplies

H. M. ARND,
Mgr.

OCTOBER. This applies to all goods excepting Honey-Packages for cur-
rent use By Return Freight or Express. Send to

YORK HONEY 'kll^^^ CO. Notmc

141 & 143 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(5 short blocks north of the C. & N. W. Ry. Passenger Station,

using the Wells St. Cable Line from center of city to Ontario St.)

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559

Catalos and prices on Homey on application. If you want CSood Croods

at Factory Prices and Prompt Shipment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange

— delivered here.

Please Mention the American Bee Jonrnal S'vJffl^

Oct. 26, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

739

"DADAIiT'S FOUNDATION"

AND

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. Slbs.

Medium Brood 55 53. . .

Light Brood 57 55. . .

Thin Surplus 62 60. ..

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63. . .

10-1 bs.
...51..
...S3..
...58..
...61..

25 lbs. SO lbs.

...49 48

...51 50

...56 55

...59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September lo percent

•' October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in NoroRip shipping

CASES. ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE, AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT, AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

^i^fXl/il/xi/Vi/il/ii/il/U/xl/VI/VI/il/xl/il/il/il/U/U/xiAl/i^

■^

M ■ SUPDII6§ ! i

We carry a large stock and greatest ___

variety of everything needed in the ^*

Apiary, assuring bestgoods at lovpest ^i

.^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illu8- ^'.

i^ trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^;

;^ Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language. ^.

:^ KRETCHMfcR MFG. CO., Council Blttffs, Iowa. ^\

^ AGENCIES S^

•^ Trester Supply Co., Idncoln, Neo. I Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. &:

'^ Shn^art & Ouren, Coancil Blnffa, Iowa. | I. H. Mycra, Laraar, Colo. ^'

jg Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, T«. &

Get New Sabscrlbers

Why not get a New Subscriber fer
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal 7

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive.
Yuu can't have healthy, profitable
fowls or stock SLUd have" lice too.

Ufflbert's Death to Lie*

prnmptlr kills all Insect Termin and
makef) sittinpr hens comfortable.
Sample lOc; 100 o«., JI.OO hy evpiCM.
O. K. ftTOCR FOOD CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Preti.
406 MonoB Bide.* Cfalcaffo. III.

Bee-Keepers'
Early Disconnts

Now is the Time to send in jour
order for ^oods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts :

Before October 1.. .
'■ November 1.

.deduct 10 percent
. " 9 "

" December 1.

. " 8 "

January 1...
" February 1.
" March 1

. " 7 '•
. " 6 "
. " 4 "

" April 1

. " 3 "

Prelght-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest. Can take Honey and Beeswax
in exchange for Supplies if yon desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog:. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything- for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLEDO, - OHIO.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

740

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 26, 1905

A GOOD INVESTMENT

Percent Interest. Absolutely Safe. A Chance for Bee-Keepers Only.

Read again what Editor Tork says regardiDg it on page 661, Sept. 21, Americaa Bee Journal.

ONLY 5 DAYS LEFT

To secure our 9 percent October Discount.

For cash orders before Nov. 1 9 percent

Deo. 1 8 "

Jan. 1 7 "

Discounts for Early Cash Orders

For cash orders before Feb. 1 6 percent

" " Mar. 1 4 "

" " Apr. 1 2 "

The above are the discounts which we offer for early cash orders.

You will notice that after January, the discount drops 3 percent a month; and if we find that advancing prices of mate-
rials do not warrant the larger discount, we reserve the right to reduce the amount.

Orders tnay be sent to any Branch House or Dealer

YVell-known Dealers

The Large Stocks
Shipping Points
Prices, Discounts
Other Dealers

®^ Local Dealers

The dealers, whose names follow, are well known to bee-keepers. They have been, for the
most part, long established in the bae-supply trade, and have a knowledge of the business
most valuable indeed to the beekeeping fraternity. Their advice may be had on any question
of Supplies, etc., for the asking.

Nowhere else is it possible to find such well-assorted stocks of goods for bee-keepers as are
carried by dealers in Root's Goods. No matter whether you require a little 5-cent article or a
carload of goods, these dealers can serve you promptly. Stocks are frequently carried amount-
ing to $5000 and upward.

You will observe that these dealers have excellent shipping facilities — guaranteeing you
quick delivery and low freight rates.

The prices, terms, discounts, etc., are identical with the home office at Medina (with rare
exceptions). Full particulars maybe had before ordering, it desired, by writing the dealer
nearest you. You can, however, use our Medina catalog and terms, and, it any variation, your
dealer will advise yeu, it requested, before shipping.

Besides the following list, there are many others who handle some of Root's Goods. The
following is by no means complete for hundreds of dealers come to us for many of the goods
of which we are the exclusive manufacturers. Iiisist on getting Hout's Oouds.

In addition to the following list who carry large stocks, and furnish at both icholesah and
retail, we have in every State a large number ot local dealers who handle our goods exclu-
sively. As there are over .500 of these dealers, space will not permit giving their names at this
time; but infojmation will be given by us, on request, to any bee-keeper regarding the dealer
nearest him handling Root's Goods.

CANADA

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.

COLORADO
Fruita Fruit and Produce Association,

Fruita.
The L. A. 'Watkins Mdse. Co., Denver.
Colo.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
The A. I. Root Co., Washington, D.C.

GEORGIA
Howkins \- Rush, 124 Liberty Street,
Savannah, Ga.

INDIANA

Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.
Vickery Bros., EvansvlUe, Ind.

IOWA
Joseph Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa

ILLINOIS
The A. I. Root Co.. 141 E. Erie Street,
Chicago, 111.

KANSAS
Carl F. Buck. Augusta, Butler Co.,
Kane.

MISSISSIPPI

George A. Hummer, Brazelia, Miss.

MASSACHUSETTS

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston,

Mass.
W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass.

MAINE

The A.I. Root Co. , Mechanic Falls, Me.

MARYLAND

Rawlings Implement Co., Baltimore,
Md.

MICHIGAN

M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.

MINNESOTA

The A. I. Root Co., 1024 Mississippi
Street, St. Paul, Minn.

nissouRi

John Nebel ct Son, High Hill, Mo.
Springfield Seed Co., Springfield, Mo.
Blanke it Hauk, St. Louis, Mo.

NEW MEXICO

Edward Scoggin, Carlsbad.

NEW YORK

The A. I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
The A. I. Root Co., 44 Vesey St., New
York City. N. J.

OHIO

McAdams Seed Co., Columbus Grove,0.
Griggs Bros., 531 Monroe St., Toledo,0.
C. H. W. Weber, 2146 Central Avenue,
Cincinnati. O.

PENNSYLVANIA

Prothero it Arnold, Dubois. Pa.
The A. I. Root Co,, 10 Vine Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

TEXAS

Texas Seed it Floral Co., Dallas, Tex.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.

VIRGINIA

W. E. Tribbett, Spottswood, Va.

The following buy our goods in carload lots, but supplement them with local-made goods.

ALABAHA OREGON TEXAS

J M Jenkins Wetumpka, Ala. Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg. D. M. Edwards, Uvalde, Texas.

CALIFORNIA

Madary Planing Mill, Fresno, Calif.

Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
CALIFORNIA

California National Honey Producers' Association, Los Angeles.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

&^

(Entered at the Post-Offlce at Cbicago as Second-ClaBB Mail-Matter)
PubUshed n^eeUly at gl.OO a Year by Georg« l/¥. ¥ork & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

aeOROB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER 26, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 43

/T

\^

(Sbttortal Hotcs ^ Comments

=\

=j

Honey Publicity

One of the beet articles yet written on ad-
vertising honev appears on page 743. Mr
Green has certainly given a whole lot of sound
advice to honey-producers in a very short
space. And if his suggestions are carried
out a great deal more honey will be consumed
by the public than is now being used.

What The Honey-Producers' League needs
to do is to get busy on a trade-mark or brand
for the honey of its members, and then adver-
tise such trade-marked or branded honey in
periodicals like the Ladies' Home Journal,
The Delineator, Woman's Home Companion,
etc.

Mr. Green gives the League a very strong
endorsement, and also points out almost its
only weak spot — having provided for no
trade-mark or brand for the honey of its mem-
bers. But this can be remedied, and doubt-
less will be.

Surely, what breakfast-food makers have
done in the way of creating a great demand
for their products, honey-producers can also
do, if they will follow the same sensible, busi-
ness-like methods. The Honey-Producers'
League was organized for a good purpose,
and its machinery needs only to be worked in
order that resulting benefits may be enjoyed.
But a larger membership is also needed. See
page 738 for directions for joining.

Treatment of Robbin); Among Bees

The following methods are given in the
British Bee Journal :

" Remove the hive attacked to some shed or
outhouse, giving the bees ample ventilation.
Allow the robbers free entrance into a new
hive on the old stand, supplying them with
very weak syrup. When they have had some
of this, dilute it until it is little more than
sweetened water. They soon give up in dis-
gust, and, next day, the colony may be safely
restored to its old stand.

" As a means to prevent robbing, use cheese-
cloth. It is very cheap and durable. Envelop
the hive with it, and in 10 or 15 minutes open
the cloth at the top to allow the robbers with-
in to escape, and then close it again, repeating
t^he operation about every 10 minutes until all

have escaped. The home bees are allowed to
enter at sundown, though it is better to leave
the cloth on for 24 hours, if robbing hasibeea
persistent. If however, the cloth was put on
when robbing first began, it may be removed
within an hour, as the colony will then have
recovered from their disorganization."

If the last method proves successful, it
might be made to work automatically, thus
saving the trouble of attention every 10 min-
utes, by having the cheese-cloth finished out
at the top with a Miller escape; that is, a
robber-cloth with wire-cloth cone.

A plan of treatment that comes from Ger-
many, is to cellar the victim and put in its
place an empty hive of the same appearance.
In this empty hive put a smoker going full
blast, and before long the robbers will desist
in disgust, and next day the colony can be

returned.

^

How You Can Help Others

It frequently happens that a question is
asked in these columns which can be an-
swered only by a. bee-keeper in the locality
referred to by the question. Whenever such
question appears, any one who is able from
actual experience to give the information de-
sired, is requested to do so without further
invitation.

It is our desire to make the American Bee
Journal as valuable as possible to all of its
subscribers, but in order to do so we often
need the help of our readers. As you have
been aided by the writings of others, why
not give out a little yourself, when some ques-
tion is asked, to which you really can give
the right answer; Why not?

Why the Failure of Honey Harvest?

In Irrigation — the official organ of the Col-
orado State Bee-Keepers' Association— R. C.
Aikin discourses in a very interesting man-
ner regarding the failure of the honey crop in
Colorado. It is evident that he has been
watching the matter with keen interest for a
series of years, and be tells about failures or
successes under this or that condition, and

then just as the reader with tense interest is
expecting an answer to the long-unanswered
problem, Mr. Aikin says:

" Almost daily I am asked why the honey
failure ; I am forced to admit I do no not
know. We all do know that we may have the
bees and the bloom, yet no returns. Why?"

And there you are, with the problem
thrown back upon your hands.

Although the question is one that will
always be of interest, even if always left un-
answered, there is comfort in the thought
that even if we did know all about the cause
of the failure to secrete nectar, it is some-
thing beyond human control, and the solution
of the problem would only satisfy curiosity,
leaving us as powerless as before to do any-
thing about it.

■*

Photographs of Things Apiarian

We wish to invite those of our subscribers
who have good photographs of apiaries, or
something apiarian, to send them to us for
the American Bee Journal. We may not be
able to use them all, either because we do not
think them available, or from defective pho-
tography.

If, after receiving the photographs, we
decide that we can use them, we will request
some descriptive matter to accompany them
when used in these columns. If it is desired
that we return any photographs, either used
or unused, we will do so if requested.

We wish to thank those who have kindly
sent us good photographs in the past. They
have helped greatly the appearance of the
American Bee Journal. Should any, whose
pictures have been reproduced, desire to^pur-
chase the engravings, we will be pleased to
sell them at a liberal discount.

Educational Advertising on Honey

We find the following item in the Septem-
ber Butterick Herald, a magazine for adver-

Honey Ignorance^ ^

Honey has attached to it a great popular
suspicion that ought to be overthrown by
educational advertising. There never was in
this world a pound of artificial comb honey.

Counterfeit strained honey is in the market
by the ton, but to put the sweet into a wax
comb is a trick that can be performed only
by bees. Yet somehow, somewhere, a super-

742

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 26 190S

gtitioD got abroad that comb honey ie easily
simulated— and millions of cautious persons
believe in this myth.

It is said that there is even a large standing
reward for any one who will produce a pound
of artificial honey in the comb and demon-
strate that it is artificial.

A convention of bee-keepers not long ago
discussed the advisability of an advertising
appropriation to down this myth— for if it
could definitely be laid low the demand for
comb honey must necessarily grow by leaps
and bounds.

There is no doubt about it, we think, that
if the consuming public could be made to feel
that all comb honey is absolutely the product
of bees, they would use it to such extent that
there wouldn't be a tenth part enough pro-
duced to supply the demand.

Also, if the dear public could be shown
that certain brands of extracted honey were
genuine bees' honey, we believe there would
soon be such a general call for it that bee-
keepers would find it very profitable to in-
crease their apiaries, and, besides, there would
be many more who would begin bee-keeping
who are now favorably situated to do so.

What is needed first is some general adver-
tising to educate the public on honey, and
then special advertising of certain absolutely
pure brands of honey.

Alfalfa and Sweet Clover

Some will no doubt be surprised to learn
from R. C. Aikin, in Irrigation, that although
alfalfa is the chief honey-plant in his part of
the State, " the increase of sweet clover,"
says Mr. Aikin, '• has brought it up until it is
almost, it not quite, an equal. Alfalfa, when
it does bloom, is in a body; when the bee
finds a field of it the bloom is there in quan-
tity, giving work without so much ranging;
but with the sweet clover it is clumps here
and there, long strings on ditch-banks, road-
sides and such. It has been my belief for
years that, as a rule, it is the plant and bloom
that we find in large bodies that is most to be
depended upon for surplus. There is no
question in my mind but that all plants yield
more or less nectar, the only thing necessary
to make the plant a dependence is that it be
in a body and in proportion to the demands
upon it.

" It is not at all common," he says, " for
bees to work early in this country ; alfalfa
seldom gets to business until 10 to 12 o'clock,
when the sun has become hot. Our bees do
not work early, but they do keep going until
almost dark when there is nectar."

Non-interference in Locations

In Australia, priority rights as to location
have led to the adoption of the following rule
by the Victorian Apiarists' Association ;

*' In the establishment of apiaries by mem-
bers of this Association, it shall be recognized
as a general rule that a distance of at least 3
miles shall be kept from any other member's
apiary, excepting in localities where the bee-
keepers of any branch agree that 2 miles is
sufficient, as regards that particular district."

Maeterlinck's " Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, $1.40; or with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year — both for ^2.00, as long as the
books last. It is a cloth-bound book, and has
42? pages.

Good for Slinnesota ! — We are in-
formed that the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation have decided to postpone the time of
their annual meeting in deference to the Na-
tional. Both Associations had selected the
same dates. We are glad to know that the
Minnesota bee-keepers have taken the action
mentioned. They will not regret it. No
doubt they will have a number of representa-
tives at the National convention now that
they will not need to miss their own meeting
in order to come to Chicago.

A County Pair Mix-Up.— F. W. Hall,
of Sioux Co., Iowa, is one of that State's wide-
awake bee-keepers. But the following ex-
perience, taken from the Iowa Index, prob-
ably waked him up a little more than he an-
ticipated :

The Sioux County Fair, from reports, was
certainly a success. F. W. Hall, with an ex-
hibit of honey and apiarian fixtures in the Art
Hall, had quite an interesting experience.
The Orange City bees seemingly took it for
granted that the display was spread for their
especial benefit, and turned out in swarms.
By the close of the second day it was neces-
sary to pack up and get away with them in
the dark. In doing so one of the horses —
then tied to the rear end of the wagon — got
his halter-strap caught, and upset the wagon
on which the display was loaded A general
mix-up was the result. But nothing serious
occurred beyond a lot of broken honey,
combs, and spilled extracted honey. To
partly offset his loss, Mr. Hall carried off the
first prize on comb honey, extracted honey,
and for best display.

"The Honey-Money Stories" — the

illustrated booklet recently issued — is thus
kindly referred to by the American Bee-
Keeper :

"The Honey-Money Stories" is the title of
a 64-page booklet just issued by George W.
York it Co., Chicago. It is unique in style,
and is calculated to do missionary work
among the masses, in the interest of the
honey-business. It presents 33 illu-trations,
is beautifully printed on plated stock, and
sells for 2.5 cents. It is a book that will not
fail to interest every bee-keeper, nor any one
else, for that matter. It is cheap at a " quar-
ter," and those who send to the publishers
for one at .334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, will
get their money's worth.

While the retail price of "The Honey-
Money Stories " is 25 cents, postpaid, we send
.5 copies for .$1.00 ; or one copy with a year's
subscription to the American Bee Journal —
both for §1.10. It should pay well to circu-
late "The Honey-Money Stories" among
should-be users of honey.

J. G. Creighton and Apiary. — Refer-
ring to the picture on the first page, Mr.
Creighton sends the following:

I was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, 1S44, and
was brought up on the farm. I served through
the Civil War, and am a holder of three hon-
orable discharges.

My bee-keeping commenced about the year
ISn, and since that time I have had many
ups and downs in the business. I winter my
bees on the summer stands, and in the early
part of my bee-keepingmy loss was great, but
after I abandoned the honey-board and used
leaves for an absorbent to take up the mois-

ture, my success was greater in wintering
and my number increased to 49 colonies.

Foul brood struck my apiary the forepart
of the '90's. I had never seen a case of it,
and by extracting and exchanging frames I
scattered it all through the apiary. Within

2 years it put me out of the bee-business. For

3 or 4 years I kept no bees, but the desire had
so fastened itself upon me that I started into
bee-keeping again. Foul brood has struck
me two or three times since I last started, but
with my past experience I soon got clear of.
it again, and to-day I have over 60 colonies of
Italians and Carniolans crossed, clear of dis-
ease, and never had them in a finer condition
to go into winter quarters than now, although
this year has been one of the poorest I ever
experienced for honey, on account of a short
white clover crop and wet weather.

The picture I sent you is of my apiary and
myself, with my left hand on an extracting
frame of honey resting on an observatory hive.
There are 3 cakes of beeswax on a case of 2-
pound sections, and in front of me is a cake
of beeswax surrounded with 7 bottles of honey
on a case of 1-pound sections. This honey,
wax, and bees took the 1st premium, that A.
I. Root offered at the Harvest Home Fair,
Aug. 26, 1905. J. G. Creighton.

Hamilton Co., Ohio, Sept. 28.

The National Convention and Presi-
dency.— We have received the following
from Mr. R. F. Holtermann, of Ontario,
Canada:

Editor American Bee Journal —

Would there be any advantage in offering a
place or inducements to show any new ideas
or inventions in bee-keepers' appliances at
the coming National convention?

As nominations for the National appear in
order, I would just like to say that in my
estimation Mr. C. P. Dadant has the best
claim upon the position of president. I know
he is of a retiring disposition, yet I believe he
would value the position of president if it
came as an expression from bee-Keepers of
their regard, and a recognition of his value to
the bee-keeping fraternity. I do not believe
that a man should become president simply
because he is vice-president, but ordinarily
the vice-president should have first claim on
the presidency.

There is perhaps no bee-keeper's name
which has the solid respect and warm regard
of the world's bee-keepers to a greater extent
than C. P. Dadant; none which would to a
greater extent shed luster abroad upon the
National Association, and I judge as one who
is a reader of British, German, French and
Australian bee-papers.

R. F. Holtermann.

As to exhibits of any kind at the National
convention here in Chicago, Dec. 5, 6 and 7,
we would advise writing to the secretary, W.
'/.. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

As to Mr. C. P. Dadant being elected presi-
dent of the National Association next month,
we supposed that was practically sett leo. Of
course it will require the formality of a ballot
to place him in that position. He is perhaps
the best known bee-keeper in the world, aside
from Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan, possibly. We
have no doubt that the membership of the
National will elect Mr. Dadant almost unani-
mously as president for the year 190ii.

Comb Honey Guarantee Circulars.

—These were gotten up by The Honey-Pro-
ducers' LeaguCj to be put into shipping-cases
before nailing them up for market. They are
mailed for only 10 cents for 50— practically
cost price. Every bee-keeper who has any
honey to sell by the case should use these
circulars. They will help to inspire confi-
dence in the genuineness of comb honey.
Send all orders to this office.

Oct. 26 1905

rH£ AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

743

4^ (£ontrtbuteb -f
Special (XvtkUs

HONEY PUBLICITY

The Great Possible Value of The Honey-Pro-
ducers' Leag-ue— Suggestions as to
How This May Be Accomplished —
A Similar Case

BY STEPHEN N. GBBIEN

AS a student of advertising, the problems that The Honey-
Producers' League have undertaken are to me very in-
teresting. The first reading of the constitution, from an
advertisers' standpoint, suggested some improvements, par-
ticularly in regard to a trade-maric. Unless the Executive
Hoard has power to provide for a trade-mark, the League is
making a serious mistake the first year of its life; but I virill
speak of this matter later. Being only indirectly interested
in the League, after first glancing over the prospectus the
matter slipped my mind until reading an article on a similar
project. The case of the honey-producer and the prune-
grower was such a striking parallel that I became again
interested, and have put some study on the subject. The
article to which I refer is "Prune Publicity," by Homer C.
Kratz, of California, in the August number of Ad Sense. I
am quoting the article practically complete. The italics are
mine to emphasize the points that I wish especially to enlarge
upon.

The San Joaquin Valley, and Fresno County in particular, pro-
duces nearly all the raisins used in the United States, and it is also a
prolific producer of that much-abused article, " prunes."

Jndirt'clly, the attempt of the fuimy man to have his joke at the ex-
penae of tlie prnne has eost the growers of California a?t(i Orego?t tnueh
juoney.

The joke about being" full of prunes" has been no joke to the
growers. It has hurt the sale of their product, and will eventually
cause them to spend many more dollars to remove the impression that
the prune is a joke.

We will agree that the prune is one of the most healthful and
delightful fruits grown. There is hardly another more beneficial to
the user. There is not another fruit with its keeping qualities and
its cheapness to the consumer; yet with all these advantages the
prune-grower does not make money. He never will until he begins
using persistent, logical, and convincing advertising. He will have to
spend many dollars that may apparently bring no return, yet all the
time good is being done in educating the people up to the necessity of
using prunes.

There are many examples of the class of publicity before the
prune-growers. The breakfast -food people have demonstrated rharhj
<ind conelusivehj that advertising will sell any thing.

I venture the assertion that I can take alfalfa— one of the staple
crops of Fresno County, in California — burn it, bake it, grind it up
into a breakfast food, advertise it by telling of its health-building
properties, and sell it by the thousands of tons. A nice little story
about its recently discovered nutritious qualities — its nerve-building,
brain-restoring possibilities — and its wholesomeness will send the
food-crank to the grocer for " Alferina " breakfast food just as quickly
as he goes lor H. 0. buckwheat, or grape nuts that are not made from
grapes.

Thefrst step in prune puhlicity is co-operatio7i. No individual
grower can succeed in making the public use more prunes. There
must be an association of growers. There must be a fund for the
dissemination of prune knowledge. There must be intelligent direc-
tion of the distribution of these funds. The story of the prunes must
be told in an interesting way — the pictures should show the orchards
in all their beauty — the advertising should create a desire to eat
prunes, and, after being eaten, should make the eater feel that his
system is being built up.

Glittering generalities won't sell prunes — the talk must be clear,
concise, logical, brief, pithy. Let the medical man tell his story.
First, get the health facts from him, build on that structure, and you
will build as the patent medicine and the breakfast food man does;
you will see the dollars come rolling in faster than tbey go out.

We leilt all agree that any food prodiiet, to be property advertised,
must be known by a distinctive name, brand, or trade-mark. Whether
the prune is grown in Oregon or California, there must be a distinctive
title that the buyer will recognize and want.

The advertising must appeal to women, as they do the buying: and
if they get interested, many a man will get prunes who never tiisted
them before.

Prunes go upon the market in an unappetizing condition. They
look hard, and, to the uninitiated, moldy. The man or woman who
does not know how delicious they are will bersure topassthedi by.
Now, in addition to educating the public in the use of prunes. let us

go a step further and give the public a package it will appreciate.
Why not put a brand of prunes on the market all ready for use-
already cooked— put up in glass jars, so that the clear juice and the
rich syrup may be seen. The tempting fruit will make itself wanted at
.light, and will bring a high price. If the housewife could get her
prunes already cooked, only needed warming, how much more would
she use?

We have before us the examples of the meat trusts In putting
prepared food on the market. Ham, corned beef, chickens, turkeys,
horse-meat (and Oregon puts up some of the latter) , all go to the
consumer ready to use, and the result is seen in the millions of dollars
sold annually. I think canned dog might be put on the market under
another name, and, with persistent advertising, pass for a health food.

Prune-growers should profit by the experience of those who have
grown rich giving the public the things they will buy. Establish your
brands and your trade-marks; ship none but good fruit; put up
prunes in an appetizing way, and tell the people your story every day.
Tell it to the women; the hand that rocks the cradle can fill the
prune-grower's pocket if it chooses. Woo woman into using prunes,
through the press; make her understand the value of prunes, and, as
I have written before, many a man will be " full of prunes" before
he knows it.

An Attempt of the Funny Man to Have His Joke.

The bee-keeper may gather one grain of comfort that he
alone has not been the only target for the arrows of the
" funny " man. That little joke of Mr. Wiley's, that he did
not label, is not the only one that has made the iniocent suf-
fer. Now, right here is where the League is doing a work
that alone justifies its being. When one comb-honey lie
appears it should get a retraction, and publish 10 good articles
to make up for the one bad one. Not only use the pound of
cure, but remember the ounce of prevention. That state-
ment to go into shipping-cases should be well taken care of
by every manufacturer or producer. This kind of "free"
publicity costs but little, and is very effective. Use it to the
limit. Get the newspapers everywhere to publish interesting,
truthful stories about bees and honey, and you get the people
to talking — just the best kind of advertising.

Advertising Will Sell Anything.

Yes, if you can sell sawdust for breakfast food why can't
you sell honey by the mere force of advertising? Honey pre-
sents, magnificent opportunities for ^oo(/ advertising. Why,
the great advertisers themselves use honey as a standard for
comparison. Does not " Nabisco " remind you of honey? and.
too, the National Biscuit people recommend its use with their
Uneeda Biscuit. The Rubifoam people tell you their denti-
frice is " as sweet as honey ;" and how the Karo-syrup people
did disgrace the fair name of honey to elevate their glucose
mixture! for who will forget " bettor than honey for less
money?" By the way, what has become of "Karo?" Let
me say right here that even advertising can not fool all the
people all the time ; but I will take up the matter of merit as
the foundation of advertising success later.

Advertise Honey — Nothing Easier.

What news the chemist can tell you ! and the doctor !
and don't the children cry for it ? Is there anything more
delightful to the taste than good honey ? How many products
come in such a variety of forms, and can be put to so many
uses ?

The First Step in Prune Publicity is Cooperation.

Naturally the first step in honey publicity musi he co-
operation. The Honey-Producers' League is the way; but
the bee-keepers must furnish the means. Join the League.
Don't put it oiT. Don't wait for the other fellow to do it, and
you expect to get the benefit. Make this a personal matter.
If you don't get into line the League can not be the greatest
possible power. If bee keepers don't co-operate, the honey-
market will not pick itself up. If you don't cooperate you
will always get low prices, your product will be slandered,
your interests will be trampled on. Gei together—co-operate.

Mu.st Be Known By a Distinctive Name, Brand, or
Thade-Mark.

Right here is the only fault I have to find with the League.
I read the constitution once, then again. What ! no provision
for a trade-mark ? Have the founders forgotten a fundamental
principle in advertising? Well, they will some day see their
mistake, and it is easy to remedy, as the powers of the Execu-
tive Board are broad. Am I not right about this ? For in-
stance, can you name (?) an article successfully advertised
that has not a distinctive name, brand, or trade-mark, or uses
an apt catch-phrase ? Aside from the absolute necessity of
an article having a trade-mark, there is another side to the
matter. When the League overlooked a trade-mark, it also
overlooked a quality in human nature, and beo-keepers ar^
human. Nearly every one expects direct returns from his

744

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 26, 190S

money. Not many of us can afford to invest our hard-earned
coin in philanthropic enterprises ; we must get some in return.
As the League now stands, it offers its members little direct
returns. Now, a trade-ma^rk on a member's product would
raise the market value of it.^provided, of course, the trade-
mark be properly advertised. When a bee-keeper sees that
he gets two dollars for the one he invests, the League will
not have to work for subscribers. Oh, no 1 they will simply
rush for admittaiice. Advertising a trademark will produce
direci retarns] for the League's members, without a trade-
mark (understand by this some distinct brand of some kind),
your advertising is sure to reach an end, for such advertising
feeds itself little, so has no means of growth. If the League
does not give its members some benefits over and above what
the outside gets, they will be very slow to subscribe, and e.x-
tremely hard to get.

Appeal to thle Women.

I do not know what plans the League has for advertising
its product; but it surely can not fail to see the need of plac-
ing the bulk of its advertising before the women. It's the
women that set the table, and it's the women that buy, so its
the women that the League must reach. Woo the women !
Tell her your story, Mr. Honeyman, and you will not complain
of slow markets.

Wanted at Sight, and Will Bring High Prices — Quality

AND AtTR.^CTIVBNESS THE TwiN SiSTERS OP SUCCESS.

Honey has the quality. But don't let honey without
quality get on the market if you can help it. Don't make the
fatal error of letting the League's trade-mark cover a poor
product. Make sure of this matter in some way. What is
more disgusting than unripe extracted honey ? It will spoil
ten sales where one is made. Make it a very serious offense in
the League to market such honey. Show the outsider where
he is penny wise and pound foolish in doing this. Give good
weight. If the section doesn't weigh a pound, do not allow
this impression to be carried. When a section doesn't weigh
the full pound, honestly say so, and charge less for it.

Honey is attractive, and attractiveness is a great selling
force. Market the best grades only, and see to it that,grad-
ing is done right. Don't, don't allow your trade-mark to mar-
ket an inferior article. Strictly grade your comb honey ; and
bottle and neatly label the extracted ; carefully sack tbe can-
died. Expect and ask a good price for your product, and you
will get it, and have no trouble in doing so.

Establish Your Brands and Your Trade-Marks.

To sum up, spend your money in judicious advertising in
magazines, newspapers, etc. Get all the free advertising
possible, you using your influence at home and abroad. Talk
honey yourself, and be enthusiastic over it. Get a trade-
mark, and make it stand for something. Then The Honey-
Producers' League will be on the road to success, and be a
powerful factor in the honey markets.

The problem is a complex one, and I have not by any
means touched all the points. It will not be completed in a
day. Mistakes will be made. But don't make the greatest
mistake — not doing any thing. There is abundant material
in beedom — brains and product — to make the League a great
success. Don't wrangle among yourselves. Forget your
little differences in the ^re at cause. Make your motto, "Co-
operate and advertise." Yon may then rightly expect a
bright future for honey. — Gleanings in Bee Culture.

#

Wintering: Bees on Solid Sealed Combs of
Honey

BY .J. L. BYER

WHILE it is always with a degree of pleasure and profit
that we peruse anything from the pen of so practical
an apiarist as Mr. C. P. Dadant, nevertheless I feel to
take issue with part of his article on page 679, entitled,
" Work in the Apiary for October." I refer to the oft-quoted
statement which Mr. Dadant sanctions; in effect, that " a
colony will not winter well on combs that are entirely filled."
By way of preface, let me say that while such teaching
maybe orthodox, it is entirely erroneous as far as wintering
bees outdoors in our cold Ontario winters is concerned. As is
well known by most Ontario apiarists, so successful an out-
door winterer as Wm. McEvoy, is an enthusiastic exponent of
the system of wintering on entirely sealed combs of honey ;
and, I may add, what experience I have had in the matter was
prompted by Mr. McEvoy's teaching.

My Cashel apiary is in a splendid clover location, but with
absolutely nothing after the clover quits yielding. With large
10-frame Quinby hives and Carniolan bees, for three or four
falls I was confronted with the problem of fitting up colonies
in big, empty brood-chambers for winter, after the supers were
removed. During those years no combs of clover honey had
been saved, and so to save the bees from starvation, of course
I had to do the next best thing — feed sugar syrup. To feed
30 or 40 pounds direct into those big brood-chambers gave
anything but best results, as it was too much scattered
through the hive, and a large proportion was always left un-
sealed.

Now for the " better system " and its results: Half of
the combs (the lightest ones) were removed from each colony
needing feed, and a common division-board placed next to the
• last comb; a Miller feeder was placed on the hives, and suffi-
cient stores fed so that each of the S combs was sealed to the
bottom. Often large clusters of bees would be outside of the
division-board until quite cold weather, but when real severe
weather came on, somehow they always seemed to get " inside."

Every colony so treated always wintered in grand condi-
tion, which could not be said of colonies left with ihe full
number of combs, even when they had sufficient honey. Out-
door winter losses in cold climates are generally brought
about by one or two causes : Either the honey near the clus-
ter is all consumed during a protracted cold snap, and the
bees starve, or else a strong colony starts a brood-nest early
in the winter during a warm spell, and the vitality of the
bees is so worn out that they are unable to stand the latter
part of the winter, and die of dysentery, or, perchance, later
on fall a prey to that mysterious " spring dwindling " — the
nom-de-plume of " bad wintering."

On solid sealed combs the bees care nought for cold snaps.
They don't have to move to the honey. They are "there"
all the time ; as friend Mr. McEvoy says, they just have to
" lean over and help themselves." No brood-nest is started
early in the winter, from the simple fact that there is prac-
tically no empty comb at that time for the queen to deposit
eggs in. The vitality of the bees is thus saved, and the bees
are healthy and strong to rush things in the spring when the
brood will be of use.

While I would not advise any one having hives heavy in
stores to go to the trouble and expense of putting on entirely
sealed stores, yet I would unhesitatingly urge all who may
have light colonies to give the system a fair trial. While I
haven't money to burn, yet I would have no fear in offering
compensation for cases of poor wintering following such
treatment, provided usual protection was given to the bees.
It is needless to say that no matter how successful it may be,
the system will never be popular, because of one factor— labor.

In conversation with Mr. J. B. Hall, I was told that from
his experience there was no question but that bees wintered
in splendid condition on solid sealed stores, but because of
the extra work in spring and fall he did not follow the plan
extensively.

Perhaps it is just as well that the system is not more in
vogue, as it would mean winter losses practically nil, and a
consequent overstocking all over the country. This may seem
like extravagant language, but I am thoroughly convinced
that in our climate, where the temperature often drops to 20
degrees below zero (I would have no fear if it was 30), and the
bees are frequently confined for 5 months without a flight,
that colonies in normal condition, i. e., with good queens and
plenty of bees, will winter 99 cases out of 100.

As to cellar-wintering, I have had no experience, but at
least one successful cellar-winterer — Mr. H. G. Sibbald — has
told me that " solid sealed stores are just as successful and
necessary for cellar-wintering as for outdoors."

With all due respect, I would ask if Mr. Dadant, and
others who advance the theory of poor wintering on "solid "
combs of honey, have ever really tried the plan.

If they have, and report from experience, it might be well
to compare notes and see why such vastly different results are
obtained by different apiarists. If the teaching has nothing
to substantiate it, by all means let it be relegated to the waste-
basket (already pretty well filled), where many other exploded
theories have been consigned in times past.

In looking over what I have hastily written, I was led to
think that I might have given the impression that it was nec-
essary to feed sugar syrup. For reasons not necessary to
enumerate here, I would say that we feed practically no sugar
now, but, when colonies are light, solid sealed combs of honey
are given to make up the deficiency,

York Co., Ont., Canada, Oct. 11.

Oct. 26, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

745

^

(£onr>cntion

rJ

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Couveutlou, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continned from page T30.J
DETECTING FOUL BROOD.

Mr. Wilcox — Have you traced the source of foul brood
to bee-trees or wild bees in the woods?

Mr. France — That was brought out very strongly the
second year I was out. One man said, "There is no use
treating my bees because the woods are full of bee-trees, and
you will never get rid of it." I used to hunt bee-trees.
So after I had treated all the bees in the vicinity, and be-
fore I got through, I found two bee-trees. One of ihem
was where a swarm had gone from an infected hive; it was
away over yonder on a bluff. This man said that that tree
must be diseased. I said, "On what basis can you argue
that that is diseased?" He said, "Why, the bees went from
here over there ; they carried the honey with them, and 1
am dead sure it is diseased." I said, "Wait a moment.
What did we do to this hive?" "We took away the combs;
we gave them foundation' " "Have they got any over there?"
He said, "No." I said, "After they had drawn out the
foundation we took that away and made them go again and
they had nothing ; they had to consume all the honey they
took with them to produce tlie first combs, to start to store
the honey they gathered from the field, and I will venture the
assertion they are not diseased."

We went over and cut the tree down, felling it very care-
fully,, and there was no disease. We cut some other trees
and I found trees where the bees had died from lack of
protection ; and I also found this, that within a year's time
after a colony of bees had died the squirrels and the bee-
moth will eradicate everything in the interior of that tree;
there is no danger left. If the bee-keepers will attend to
their end of the work they need not worry over the bee-
tree problem. There is just one way a bee-tree might be
infected. If a colony has combs drawn and has wintered over,
or towards the latter portion of the season they have some-
body who is careless, thereby having foul brood, that bee-
tree bees could go and rob from an infected bee-hive and
transmit it to that tree ; but we all know it is a matter of
short duration; that colony of bees would not last long;
squirrels and moths would soon eradicate what is in the
tree. If we do our part we will get rid of foul brood.

Pres. York — What kind of a foul brood law do we need
in this State?

Mr. France— Coming out of another State I hardly like
to recommend, but my opinion is this : Keep the appropria-
tion you have ; put in effect your inspector with authority,
and you will accomplish a great deal of good.

Pres. York — You mean as to a compulsory clause?
Mr. France — Yes. Now this comb I have here is an
illustration. As I understand this apiary is in your State ;
your inspector wants to investigate that apiary and has been
objected to. Look at the situation. We will take as an
illustration a row of these seats, each one representing dif-
ferent apiaries. The inspector comes to this party and wants
to look at the hives. "Yes, I am glad to have you come in."
The next says, "My bees are all right." The inspector says,
"I don't like to look at these, but while I am here I will
look at them." The answer he receives is, "You get off the
premises." He has got to go. You see the weak point in
the law. What would we do with contagious diseases amongst
ourselves if our law did not admit of our health warden
corning in and saying "this is small-pox," or any other con-
tagious disease, "and they must be quarantined." You say, "No,
we have no small-pox; let everybody come in and out." It
is just as necessary for your inspector to be clothed with
that authority if you would get the desired effect.

Mr. Kimmey — You have considered the possibility and
propriety of having a National foul brood law?

Mr. France — Yes, but we have first got to demonstrate

through the States before we get that. It may come to that
in time.

Mr. Pease — What proportion of the States have foul
brood laws?

Mr. France — I think about nine.

Mr. Abbott — Let me suggest that you cannot have a
national law.

Mr. Colburn — We have a pure-food law.
Mr. Abbott — That is interstate commerce.
Mr. Wheeler — What is your plan in regard to appointing
an inspector? How is it proposed? I suppose the law will
have to be plain.

Mr. France — I think that those who are interested in
the line of work should select one whom they think com-
petent. I don't believe it is a good plan to allow this to be
a political appointment. Let that man be selected by the
State or local association. They know better who they want
than any other person, and let their recommendation be of
the one who serves them best. They cut out that portion
of our Wisconsin Law. I fought it to the bitter end. It was
first, "Upon recommedation of the Bee-Keepers' Association
the Government shall appoint." The political men saw fit
to modify our law, and now it says, "The Governor may ap-
point."

Pres. York — If he does not care to appoint anybody,
you have no inspector?

Mr. France — No, sir, and the State Association is not
asked, although it is still recognized. They have asked the
State Association. There is another thing they do in Wis-
consin. The State Board of Agriculture asked the bee-
keepers whom they want to be judges at the State fair.
They consider that the State Bee-Keepers' Association ought
to know who is competent for that ; and the one they recom-
mend has always been appointed. Now in regard to this
sample of foul brood, I have here, I will confess this much :
In this room, with the light you have to look into, I would
guarantee it would be almost a failure to see the various
stages of foul brood, from the fact that you would get
shadows that you wouldn't get in day-light, but I have illus-
trated .to you how you should look to see it.

Pres. York — I should think now that we ought to be
able to know foul brood or almost smell foul brood or some-
thing, by this time, as we have been talking about it all fore-
noon. I was glad to have it discussed, but I was afraid
some that were not particularly interested would get tired
of it.

Mr. Meredith — Mv reason for coming here was based al-
most entirely upon what I could learn about foul brood,
knowing that the disease is around Batavia, and I think in
an aniary that was inspected by one of the inspectors. If
I am going to keep bees I want to be in condition to know
when my bees are free from disease, or take such measures
to see that they are.

Mr. Moore — I want to speak of a thing that has not
been mentioned here by anybody. In regard to fumigating
to cure foul brood, I have taken the same stand as Mr.
France and our best authorities, but I thought it was not
well to recommend fumigating on the ground that we didn't
know whether it was successful in all cases; and, second,
it is dangerous to put a knife into the hand of a beginner.
It is dangerous to nut a remedy we are not sure of in the
hands of the average, inexperienced bee-keeper. I had quite
a long talk with Dr. Eaton, who, I thought, would be here
to-day. He is the chemist of the Illinois Food Commission,
and we talked about this very matter of formalin fumiga-
tion. I said to Dr. Eaton, "Here you have a cup of honey.
Down in the bottom of that is a spore of foul brood covered
with honey an inch or two deep. If you fumigate that thing
for a month or two with formalin what will happen?" He
says, "After a while the formalin will unite with the honey.
It has an affinity for water, and honey is a solution of water
and something else ; and you will have a compound of for-
malin honey, and so on." I said, "What will be the effect
on this spore in the bottom of the honey?" He said, "It
will absolutely destroy it." I said, "What do you think if
we take our combs of foul brood and shave off the coverings
of the cells with a sharp knife so as to expose the honey,
pollen and germs of foul brood, if you put it in a boiler
of water and jounce it up and down, then put it in the ex-
tractor and whirl it like everything so as to throw out
everything that is dissolved by the water, and then fumi-
gate a long time, what will be the result?" His opinion was
that because formalin combined with the water it would
absolutely destroy everything in the comb that w-as in-
fectious. Now there is a point for these people that have

746

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 26, 190S

facilities like Mr. France and Mr. Smith, perhaps, to ex-
periment upon. It seems to be a new way of experimenting
with formalin gas.

Mr. Dadant — You can't get water to the bottom of the
cells by dipning it in water.

Mr. Wheeler — I think that is proven every time you
fumigate a hive. From that gas that is generated there is a
steam, and there is nothing more penetrating than steam.
The combs, after they come out of the fumigation, will be
wet with steam. Surely the very bottom of the cells will
be saturated by steam from the formaldehyde gas.

Mr. France — Anywhere over the States, since I have been
in this National position, the members have taken it as a
matter of fact that when they get into any trouble or
grievance no matter what it is, "fire" it into the General

Manager: and among other things they "fire" in samples
of foul brood from all over the States. I analyze them as
well as I possibly can, and give a report. But I want to
make this one statement : Whenever you are sending samples
of suspected material by mail, put it in something so that
it will stand the racket in the mail. So many of the packages
come all smashed up. I had one come the other day with a
piece of newspaper around it and a two-cent stamp on it, and
the whole thing was about as thick as a piece of cardboard
when it reached me.

Dr. Miller— Put it in what?

Mr. France — The best of all is a tin box next a wooden
box. And, by the wav. the United States mail people may
get after you if you don't.

(Continned next week.)

r

K.

®ur Bee Keeping Sisters

=\

J

Conducted by EMM.i. M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bee-Keeping in Australia

I just came upon the following in our daily
paper :

'• In many parts of the Australian continent
bee-farming has become a profitable and popu-
lar occupation. There are at present over
25,000 colonies in Australia, producing from
10,000,000 to 15,000,000 pounds of honey an-
nually."

Can you or any of the reabers of our val-
uable American Bee Journal, give any more
light on the subject of bee-keeping in Austra-
lia? It so, I should be very grateful to have
some one write an article on the subject.

Elsie A. Cdtter.

Kent Co., Mich., Oct. '.

The writer has never been in Australia, but
some reading of the two bee-papers published
there (and incidentally a visit from the editor
of one of them), warrants the statement that
bee-keeping in Australia is in many respects
the same as in this country. — hives, manage-
ment, etc., being more like those In use here
than those in use in the mother country, Eng-
land. Great yields have been recorded, but
perhaps no greater than in some parts of this
country, and prices rule so low that the busi-
ness is not so very profitable. A large part of
the honey is secured from eucalyptus-treee,
which Australians rate the finest in the world.
Unfortunately, people outside of Australia do
not all agree in this view, and repeated efforts
to obtain a favorable reception for it on the
London market have not been successful. It
certainly has a peculiar Havor, unlike any
other honey, but that peculiarity does not
seem to commend it greatly outside of Aus-
tralia.

.Judging from what is said in the Australian
bee-papers, and from the one specimen seen
here, the bee-keepers of that far-away land
are a bright lot of people, concerning whom
it is a pleasure to be informed.

If bought in the spring, the likelihood is that
there would be a larger number by fall, and
if one or two should fail to winter, the loss
would not be so heavy. Besides, the experi-
ence with bees through the summer, although
not directly bearing on wintering, gives one a
knowledge that makes the chances for suc-
cessful wintering greater. If the bees are
bought in the fall, the chief experience of the
winter will be that of worrying as to whether
they will eome through alive. Just as well
to omit that part of the program and start in
fresh in the spring.

Secondly, bees can be shipped with safety
if properly prepared. But on most railroads
they can be shipped by freight only in car
lots, leaving the express as the only way to
ship small numbers, and express charges on
full colonies of bees are something fearful,
especially if the distance be great.

Buying Bees in Fall or Spring-
Shipping Bees

Dear Miss Wilson;— Will you kindly give
me your advice on the following points:

Two sisters, friends of mine, have bought a
little farm. They will not occupy it until
spring. (It's in New Jersey). They want to
keep bees. Is it best for them to purchase
this fall or in the spring? -Also, is it safe to
ship bees, and is it not quite expensive — the
express charges? New York.

Firstly, it is not advisable for beginners to
buy in the fall. Better buy in the spring and
avoid the risks of wintering. It one or two
colonies should be bought as a starter in the
fall, and if one or two out of those one or two
should die in the winter, it would be a pretty
large-sized wet-blanket on the whole business.

That last question being answered as it is,
another question is likely to arise, and there
is no law against answering more than is
asked. If high express charges bar out the
shipping of full colonies, how shall the start
be made? One way is to get a 3-frame nucleus
instead of a full colony. Express charges
will be very much less, and such a nucleus
will rapidly build up into a full colony.

A still better plan is to buy a colony of best
blood from some one close at hand. Very
likely that can't be done. Well, then, buy
from some one close at hand a colony that
isn't of best blood. You see there isn't the
same objection to "starting wrong" with
bees that there is with any other kind of
stock.

If you start with Rouen ducks, you can't
change your Hook to Pekins; you've just got
to begin over again with Pekin ducks, and
the same way with other stock. But it is
different with bees. Get a colony of bees of
any kind ; buy for a dollar a queen of Italian
stock, and in 6 weeks of the working season
your whole colony will be Italian bees. The
chances are that that will be the best way for
you to start.

While waiting for spring to come, it will be
a good thing to get a bee-book and study up
in advance.

/T

2TIi\ :^asty s ClftertI?ougI?ts

=^

V:

The " Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio,

J

A Musical Face — Bee-Music.

People mostly try to " keep their face."
Journals mostly try for a change of face. As
a new variety of face, No. 37 opens with some
bee-music for bee-sisters and aplcultural
going-to-be's. Comrade Secor is well up to-
ward his best in this, the second verse being
especially a gem. Nice music, did you ever
think of it, is divided into two classes, the
good class and the better class. The good
class sounds nicely when properly played and
sung at the instrument. The better class is
quite able to get away from the instrument,
a nd we hear people singing snatches of it
almost unconsciously. This effort of Editor
York's I have tried to locate in the nigher
class, but I rather think the other one is its
real place. By the way, if the bees get In the
linden tops sujierlalively, 5 pounds in a bunch,
and Prof. BIgelow gets after them with his
revival of the old "bee-music," it will be
quite unavailing to sing " bye baby" in oppo-
sition to it.

Excessive Swarming and Nurse-Bees.

It has become tolerably plain that excessive
swarming bears some sort of relation to ex-
cess of nurse-bees over and above the young
brood which they desire to feed. The idea
advanced by Adrian Getaz, page 645, may
prove a very valuable one indeed. If we can
make the nurse-bees go to the fields to work,
for want of anything else to do, they will not
again become supernumeraries, stirring up

discontent and swarming. I fear, however,
that sometimes some bees (especially when
the flow Is poor) will sulk much more than 4
days, and resume queen-rearing the minute it
is made possible for them. But If we can not
have a remedy that works all the time, a
remedy that works part ot the time may be
worth considerable. And that's a wise idea
(not altogether a new one) that colonies that
refrain from swarming of their own accord
store better than those successfully prevented
from swarming. A wee bit tantalizing this
fact is.

Swarming Oct and Virgin Queens.

The solution given by Mr. Muth-Rasmus-
sen also seems to be an excellent one. Bees
do not swarm out with a virgin on her mating
trip except when they have no young brood
to fix their minds on. Page 645.

Young or Old Bees as Queen's Escort
IN the Mails.

It surprised me to hear C. P. Dadant give
decided preference to old bees fresh from
the fields as companions for a queen on a
journey. I had seen quite young bees recom-
mended, and supposed that all shippers pre-
ferred them. Willing to believe he is right. I
wonder If the uiliy of the matter is known.
I'll guess that joung bees feed the queen
seml-dlgesled food to some extent, and that
old bees do not. Presumably while she is on
a journey she is better off not to have any-

Oct, 26, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

747

thing stimulative to egg-production. Perhaps
also digestive efforts in the queen's behalf
exhausts the bees so that they die sooner than
old ones would ; and when they are gone the
queen soon dies also. Page 647.

Pdttino Weak Colonies Over Strong
Ones.

W. T. Gary seems to add a new wrinkle to
the new plan ol putting weak coloiiies over
strong ones without entire uniting. Gives
the upper colony a separate entrance so they
do not have to go below unless they want to.
Worked tolerably well in one case. The ap-
pearance was that a few old bees from below
came up and got killed; lots of young ones
came up and were adopted; and the upper
bees generally refrained from going below.
We seem to be getting a great variety of per-
formances on the part of the bees. Page 647.

Prices of Bee-Supplies.

High prices of supplies to keep Tom, Dick
and Harry out of apiculture, eh? Might not
T. D. H. and Co. revert to box-hives and mar-
ket chunk honey, instead of ''clearing the
coop?" But when J. E. Johnson advises
amateur hive-makers not to cut their pieces
" pretty near square," but exactly square, he
is getting in good didactic work. Nice store-
boxes of pine to be had almost gratis— I fear
their day is declining, if it has not already
passed. Try literature, Mr. .J. Your phrase,
" All raise at once, just like the curtain of a
stage," shows budding talent in that direc-
tion. Page 648.

Wax-Wokms, Wasps, Spiders and Combs.

According to page 651 (which agrees in a
measure with my experience also), there was
trouble with worms in section-honey years
ago, but not enough now to call for any
remedial measures. Why? Don't believe it's
wholly, or even mainly, owing to Italian
bees. I suspect some other and deeper rea-
son. Why was the supposedly endless pest
of flies much milder than usual this year?
Bad enough yet — but one woula like to know
why the mitigation. Same thing even more
pronounced appears with another race of in-
sects—the wasps. I do not remember a year
before when available root-crannies were not
greatly populated — mud- wasps and paper-
wasps in great abundance, several species of
each. This year they are actually scarce.
Don't know as I am exactly rejoicing about
this last. I think wasps on the whole do us
more good thau harm, devouring the wax-
larvie which eome where they can get at
them. Combs widely spaced in clean, empty
hives often get through the hot weather all
right. I would like to know whether we
should apportion the greater credit of this to
the wasps or to the spiders. It isn't nice to
be thanking the wrong people even among
our small neighbors. Mice will sometimes
devour and clean out larvse when they have
gotten so fortified with webs that no insects
could do much with them. If mice make a
regular business of going over all well-spaced
combs they have access to, possibly more
credit belongs to them than to either spiders
I or wasps. Wish I knew more about it.

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does iu>t answer Questions by mail.

Good Locations for Bee- Keepinjr—
Shipping a Carload of Bees

The summer is past, anJ the harvest is
ended, and I have a large crop of blasted
hopes, but I don't think they will bring me in
much cash. It just rained the bees out in
this part of the country. It was so cold and
wet during clover bloom that the bees could
not do much, and not a pound of white honey
was harvested, but the bees built up strong,
and we looked for a good crop of yellow
honey, but just as the fall flowers began to
bloom it commenced to rain, and kept at it
every few days until about 2 weeks ago, and
my crop is s pounds of finished honey and 30
or 40 pounds of unlinished. from 74 colonies;
and I will have to feed 100 pounds of sugar
for winter stores.

Well, such is the life of a bee-keeper in
Missouri. I am thinking now of making a
change, and I want to ask some questions:

1. Is Jasper Co., Nebr , a good place for
bees? I am told there is lots of alfalfa there.
It not, what part of Nebraska is the best tor
beekeeping!

2. Can bees be wintered there on the sum-
mer stands in single-walled hives?

3. How many colonies can be shipped in a
car? Please give instructions as to how to
prepare t)ees for shipping, and how to load
them in a car. Can the hives be placed on
top of each other in the car?

4. How is Illinois tor bee-keeping, say in
Montgomery County? MissotiKi.

Answers. — 1. Minute information as to
particular localities is hard lo be obtained ex-
cept by personal visitation or information
from some one on the spot. I don't know
what are the best localities in Nebraska, and
if I could name the very best localiiy in the
State, it would be of no use to you if that
locality is already fully occupied. If Jasper
County has much alfalfa, that points toward
a good place for honey.

a. Yes, if properly protected.

3. Perhaps 500. The hives must of course

be fastened bee-tight, but with plenty of ven-
tilation. The hives must be placed so the
frames will run parallel with the track, so
the bumping will strike the combs lengthwise
and not sidewise. If there are no more than
will stand on the bottom of the car— say 90
to 100 hives— the only fastening needed will
be strips nailed to the floor so the hives can
not move in any direction, the strips being 1
or 3 inches thick. If the hives are piled on
top of one another, then they must be
strongly fastened by braces running from
side to side, or else from top to bottom ; per-
haps both.

4. I don't know, but it probably averages
fairly with the rest of the State.

Pertiltzatlon of Queens

Does a queen become fertilized after 15
days? Does she stay in the hive, or what be-
comes of her? Kansas.

Answer. — A queen may be fertilized after
she is 15 days old, but the chances for it are
not the best. A queen that is not fertilized
before that age trenerally disappears; I don't
know for sure just what becomes of her. If,
however, she remains in the hive, and is not
fertilized, she will begin laying, her eggs pro-
ducing only drones.

Swarmins Methods and Surplus
Honey

1. When we practice artificial swarming by
the " shook swarm " method, why is it neces-
sary, if at all. to shake the queen on the old
staud and intu the new hive? Is it because a
swarm woulil bo likely to issue if she should
be left with the uiother colony on the new lo-
cation (even though all queen-cells were re-
moved) '.

3. If there is a. reason why the queen should
be left on the old stand with the "shook"

swarm, then why, in the Sibbald plan of arti-
ficial swarming, is the queen left with the
mother colony and placed on the new stand,
reversing her location 1

3. If bees will build drone-comb when no
queen is present, are they not likely to do so
in the Sibbald plan of artiflcial swarming un-
til the first young queen hatches (wnen
frames with only foundation are put in the
hive on the old stand) ?

4. I began bee-culture last May with 8 col-
onies of hybrids in 3-8tory 8-frame Langstroth
hives, and not being able to stay at home to
watch, I " shook-swarmed " them. None of
the bees of the mother colonies went into the
supers (extracting-supers). The "shook"
swarms hardly filled the super, so I got no
surplus. My neighbor who lives a halt mile
from me, in a location no better than mine,
and with colonies no stronger, and hardly as
strong, got 210 pounds of surplus honey from
3 colonies of the same kind of bees. He tiered
up and got no swarms. Of course I, being a
beginner, disturbed the bees quite a little in
looking for queen cells, to determine when to
shake, and was probably somewhat awkward
and nervous in doing the shaking, which
made them so cross that it was almost danger-
ous to go near them for awhile. But why
should I get so little honey compared with
what my neighbor got from fewer colonies!
1 might add that we had plenty of clover
bloom, but it rained so much that old bee-
keepers got only half a crop. In other words,
I suppose, the honey harvest was cut short by
the rains, and would not that work against
me more than against one who did not let his
bees swarm, or did not divide them ?

I have just bought and read with pleasure
your elegant book, " Forty Years Among the
Bees." Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. If the queen were left with
the mother colony on the new location, and
all queen-cells removed, there would be no
likelihood of any swarm. No more would
there be if all cells were left, for feeling their
destitute condition, and with no field-bees
bringing in any stores, the workers would
themselves destroy the cells. So that's not
the reason. The old colony would be the bet-
ter for having the queen. But the swarm
would suffer for want of it. A swarm with-
out a queen — natural or artificial — would be
in pretty bad shape. No brood would be
reared, and the numbers would rapidly dimin-
ish, making the swarm in poor condition
for storing; and the swarm is the part de-
pended upon for the harvest, not the mother
colony.

2. In the Sibbald plan the shifting of the
old colony from side to side is intended each
time to throw all its field-bees into the swarm,
thus keeping up its strength till a young
queen is reared from the queen-cells that in
the first place were left in the swarm.

3. Queenless bees are little inclined to build
comb of any kind. With 2 frames filled with
comb they are not likely to build any at all,
in the Sibbald plan, until the young queen
emerges, and then they are ready to do a good
business at comb-building, and all of it
worker-comb.

4. Put it down as a fixed fact that in a loca-
tion where the main harvest is rather early,
and there is no heavy fall flow, any dividing
of forces, either by natural swarming or
otherwise, is sure to cut in on the crop. You
can.'t have your cake and eat ir, too, and if
you take away from the strength of a colony
to make another colony, that surely will take
away part of your crop, and the earlier the
closing of the harvest the worse it is to divide

forces.

. * -»-^*-

Excluder Zinc and Queen-Rearing—
A Queen-Introducing Experience

1. In your plan of queen-rearing, do you
use perforated or queen-excluding zinc to
keep the queen in the upper stor.v ?

3. On Saturday, Oct. 7, I introduced a
queen. The bees seemed to be all right all
day. I was called away and my children, 16
and 12 years of age, watched them. On Sun-
day morning the bottom-board was covered
with dead and crippled bees running out of
the entrance and covering the ground all

748

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 26, 1905

around. There was indication of robbers and
DO fighting. What is your opinion of the
cause? Ohio.

Answer.— 1. The queen is in the lower, not
the upper story. Queen-cells or virgin queens,
caged in some way for protection, may be
kept in the same story with the queen ; but
generally, for the sake of convenience, they
are kept in an upper story over an excluder.

2. I don't know. It may be that a small
vagrant swarm entered, and its bees were
killed by the colony.

Feeding Bees for Winter

1. I started with one colony last spring,
and now have 6. I am feeding some of them,
and getting them ready for winter? Should I
put the frames that are filled best in the cen-
ter of the hive, and the poorest on each side?
I use 8-frame dovetail hives.

2, How many pounds of syrup does it take
to equal a pound of honey, if it is made of
equal parts sugar and water. I suppose this
is quite hard to estimate, but could you give
me some idea? My bees may go through all
right, but I think the hives are a little light
to be safe. Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. I really don't feel sure just
what is the best arrangement. Following the
example of the bees themselves, it would be to
have the outside frames entirely filled, and
the upper parts of the central frames well
filled. But you may not have exactly that
kind of combs, and if you have combs that
are entirely filled and others that are practi-
cally empty, it might be best to put the
empty combs all at one side.

2. Take 5 pounds of sugar and 2 pounds of
water, and you will have a syrup of about the
consistency of honey. According to that, if
you take 5 pounds of sugar and 5 pounds of
water, and the bees evaporate it down to the
consistency of honey, you will have about 7
pounds of the evaporated syrup. Not quite
so much as that, for there is some loss in the
evaporating. But look here, my good friend,
you're not thinking of feeding equal parts of
sugar and water, are you* That would be all
right for August, and even early in Septem-
ber, but as late as this the proper proportion
is 5 pints or pounds of sugar to 2 pints or
pounds of water. And next year please get
your feeding all finished before it is so late.

2leports anb
(Sxpcrtences

Honey Almost a Failure

The honey crop is almost a total failure,
have none to sell from 60 colonies.

.J. W. .Johnson.
Stephenson Co., 111., Oct. 2.

Long Season for Bees

This has been a long season here for bees to
gather nectar. My bees have worked a
greater number of days since April 1 and up
to the present time than ever before in my
recollection in one season.

W. E. Williams.

Hillsdale Co., Mich,, Sept, 22.

Records of Good Queens

On page C20, E. J. Bryant, of Kane Co., 111.,
gives this queen record: " I got the queen
in 1904. Last spring the colony was very
strong, and was divided .Tune \b. A monster
swarm issued on July fi, and on July 13 an-
other swarm, making 4 swarms [should be 4
colonies], and the honey product is 20U
pounds from one queen, or. in other words,
from 4 colonies " .

Now I will give the record of another good
queen:

The first swarm I had thi^ year issued June

25. I gave the colony from which it issued a
super for comb honey to prevent an after-
swarm. This virgin queen would not hatch ;
left the hive and began to lay before July 4 ;
on the 10th I bad to give 2 more supers,
which were all filled by the 28th, and on Aug.
15 1 had taken off 136 finished sections; on
Sept. 25 they had completed 48 more, and had
24 more about ),< drawn out, making 184 fin-
ished sections. This is the individual record
of a young queen. Who has one that will
beat it? I call her a good queen.

The swarm that issued stored 72 sections.
If I double them up, giving the record of the
old queen, like Mr. Bryant did. it would read :
2 colonies, and 256 sections of comb honey.
But I can not see how it is right. I believe in
individual records.

I do not know whether the tongues of my
bees are long, or whether their wings are
strong, but I do know they are hustlers, and
there has been scarcely a day but what from
1 to 2 quarts of bees have bung out in front;
with 3 or 4 supers on to-day, fully 2 quarts of
bees are hanging out, with a partly drawn
super. But the harvest is over.

T. R. G. Welch.

Morgan Co., Utah, Sept. 27.

Uaple-Leaved Goosefoot

I send a plant found in a corn-field that
grew quite large, and was loaded with bloom,
and bees were working on it very freely. I
have never seen anything like it before.

This has been a poor season, only about
half a crop of honey. Slill I would not do
without the "old reliable" American Bee
Journal. E. C. Messing.

Randolph Co.. W. Va., Sept. 27.

[The plant is the maple-leaved goosefoot or
pigweed — Cherwpocllmn hybriduni — and is so
named because the leaf resembles that of the
maple. It is not an exceptionally good bee-
plant, but may yield some nectar. — C. L.
Walton.]

Drawn Sections Changing Color

On page 683 is a question asked by one who
signs himself "Ohio," about his "combs
turning straw color if left on the hive over
winter," and Dr. Miller replies that he " never
knew such change of color," etc. I never
used " bait-combs " until last spring, when
having a lot of sections filled about one-quar-

^^'J^

*

i

*
i

87 1 Percent Saved

la mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

-OF-

♦^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holber is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

Mention Bee Journal when -writing.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on the other side.

[This Cot is the irm.i. Size op the Knifb.]

Vour Name on the Knife.— Wbea orderlug-, be snre to say jost what name and

tddress yon wish put 00 the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies In the handle. It Is
made beautifully of Indestructible cellnloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Qaeen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering Into this celebrated knife Is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very iinest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the liningrs are plate brass;
the back springs of ShefBeld spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

( Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the *' Novelty *' is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and la
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento conld a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a lad? to a gentleman, the knife havlnf
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cut gives a faint idea, but cannot fnlly convey an exact representation of
thisjbeautiful knife, as tly» " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premlnm to th«
one sending usibree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (withtS-W.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO. Chkaga lU

4^Pleas« allor* '>bont two weeks for your knife order to be flUett.

#

W^

Oct. 26. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

749

BEE= BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, $1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.30.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dailant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. K.

Boot. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.30

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
"Jound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, tiO cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
SO pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Blenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." JOO-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

"Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
8. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experienca.
Price, 30 cents.

^0-Pase Catalog Free!

proTements. DanzeDbaker Ulves and Frxtnres
Prompt shipments. John; Nkbel & SON Sdpplt

v/U., uign idUl, MO, ,tnif

ter or one-half of sealed comb, I used them
by placing one in the center of each of my
first supers, and, invariably, when I removed
those supers in order to case the honey, those
bait-sections were a light amber if the balance
were snow white; and a dark brown if the
balance were light amber. It seems strange,
and I, myself, can not account for it. I will
repeat the plan next season, and see if the
bees will also repeat the process on their part.

I write this thinking others may have had
the same e.Tperienee as myself. I tried this
over 100 hives, so it was not to be attributed
to a few " freak bees." W. N. Root

Christian Co., 111., Oct. 3.

A Correction

Editor York:— In the last paragraph of
my article on page 695, I am made to say,
" Although I have given the foregoing but
little thought," etc. It should read, "Al-
though I have given the following but little
thought," etc. When I read the arti-
cle I thought that I probably had written the
word "foregoing" instead of "following,"
but on examining the original copy I find the
word " following " written.

L. V. Rickbtts.

Whitman Co., Wash., Oct. 14.

Sowing Alfalfa Clover Seed

Replying to " Missouri," page TOO, regard-
ing the sowing of alfalfa clover seed, I would
say the best results are generally obtained by
sowing in August, using ground that has
grown a crop of oats, barley or wheat. As
soon as possible the grain should be hauled
oft the ground and either stacked or thrashed,
and 10 loads of manure to the acre be spread
on the ground once. The ground should then
be double-disked, harrowed, and left until
about Aug. 10, when it should be again
disked, harrowed, seeded, and reharrowed to
cover the seed. Twelve to 15 pounds of seed
to the acre is sufficient. It is a good plan to
sow about half the seed on the field the first
time over, and then cross the field, sowing the
other half. This will insure a more even dis-
tribution of the seed.

The alfalfa should make a good growth in
the fall, and not less than 3 good cuttings of
hay should be made the following season, and
4 it conditions are favorable.

Remember that it is necessary to make the
first cutting early, generally not later than
June 1, efen though the weather is such that
the crop can not be cured. I sowed 35 acres
of alfalfa on Aug. 8, and it is now over 15
inches high all over the field.

Chas. Winkler.

Adams Co., Nebr., Oct. 6.

The National Bee-Keepers' Association
holds its annual convention at the Revere
House, corner of Clark and Michigan streets,
in Chicago, during the Fat Stock Show, when
exceedingly low rates may be secured on the
railroads. The dates for the meeting are Dec.
5, 6 and ". Rates at the hotel are 75 cents for
a room alone, or 50 cents each, where two
occupy the same room. Meals are extra, or
they may be secured at near-by restaurants.
W. Z. Hhtchinson, Hec.

Minnesota.— On account of the National Bee-
Keepers' Convention at Chtcag'O on dates acn
fiicting with ours, the Executive Committee
has decided to postpone the usual annual meet-
ing of the Minnesota Bee Keepers' Association
until further notice.

. _ Mrs. W. Swingate, Sec.

Illinois.— The 15th annual meeting- of the 111
inois Stale Bee-Keepets' Association will be
held In Springfield, on Tuesday and Wednes-
day, Nov. 21 and 22, 1905, at the G.A.R. Hall in
the Court House. The gocd results of this
meeting rest on the members who attend it.
Our State gives us an appropriation to publish
our report and to suppress foul brood, and it is
the duty of every bee-keeper of the Stale to
have a voice in the manner in which this ap-
propriation is used. All bee-keepers are invited
to come, and brinjj their wives. The railroad
rates will not be higher than an open rale of
one fare and a third for the roand trip, and ef.
forts are being made by our Odd Fellow friends
to secure a one fare for the round trip. Good
hotel accommodations can always be had at
reasonable rates. Jas. A. Stone, Sec.

Route 4, Springfield, 111.

I THE ONLY LOCK |

g Corner that is perfect is made by us. J3

M It can not be otherwise. The end rab- 0

S bet runs by and nails to the sides, g

0 Can't split off nor warp. Perfect in 0

jj every way. Lumber of the best S

quality. DISCOUNT— well, it will 0

ASTONISH you. All kinds of g

Supplies. Write your wants. 0

The Wood Bee-Hive & Box Go. i

S LANSING. MICH. S

®5QQQSQQQ9QQQSQQQaQQQSQSsi

39Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Special Sale on
HIVES AND SECTIONS

Until March 15. Dovetail Hives, S-frame, IK-
story, $1.25; 10-frame, $1.40; No. I bee-way Sec-
tions, *3.90; No. 2, $3.40; 24 lb. Shipping-Cases,
13c; foundation, Smokers, etc., cheap. Send
for 24 page Catalog free.

W. D. S0PE9,

Rural Routes, JACKSON. MiCH.
43Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

A Solid Gold

Fountain Pen

Free !

Finally, we have found a
g-ood Fountain Pen that is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than SI. 25 for
other fountain pens, it's for
the name.

This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work perfectly, and
g-ive satisfaction. The Gold
Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with
selected Iridium. The Hold-
ers are pure Para Rubber,
handsomely finished. The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow of ink. Each pen is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.

How to Get this

Fountain Pen Free!

To a present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this Fountain Pen free as a
premium for sending- us 1
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the
weekly j\merican Bee Journal
for one year (with $3.00).
Surely, this is an easy way to
get a good Fountain Pen. Or,
if unable to get the new

subscribers, and you want one
of these Pens, forward to us
$1.25 and we will send it to
you by return mail. Or for
$2.00 we will send to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pea.

This Fountain Pen would
be a splendid gift to a friend
or relative. Why not order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-keeper as a present ?

Address all orders to

George W. York & Co ,

Chicago. III.

Fun Size.

750

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Oct. 26, 1905

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. Le'wis' CSoods at Jactory prices. Cat-
alog free. Cash orders at catalog prices on such goods as mentioned in special list.

Before November 9 percent discount

" December 8 " "

" January 7

Before February 6 percent discount

" March 5 " "

" April 3

Ask for special list now, free.

Honey-Packages for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets. Glass Jars witit patent spring
sealers and {slass stoppers; regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. It
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much, llest service,
lowest Ireiglit rates, satlstaction to all.

Cna e/^^\ I I p ^f\ 1004 East Wash. Street
. IV1> Oli/W I I OC WW* INDIANAPOLIS. INO. •^•^ <^•^ •^•{•
Mention Bee Journal wben ^vrifing.

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the
following prices: , „, ^ ,

i^-lb. Jars with corks — 1 case of 21 doz. for
$5.50 ; 3 cases, $15.50.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 14 doz., for
Ji5.25; 3 cases for $15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

13^ Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any ;
good as new. If interested write for price.

YORK HONEY ITpp^^^v^ CO.

(Not iucorporated)
141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO. ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicnltnral Field more
A. completely than any other published,
* send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount* to tbe Trade.

WANTED

A bee-keeper. Will furnish cottage or room
in city. Stale experience, and wages expected.

42Alt J. J. WILDER. Cordele, Qa.

Mention Bee Journal fvhen irrltiniir.

Wb Sbll Root's 6ood8 in Michiqan

Let ns qnote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Casb.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Mention Bee Journal Trhen writing:.

Big Discounts
on Bee=Supplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey. packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1 — 10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1.... 4 "

Jan. 1 7 " I April 1 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.

Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38A<f Please mention the Bee Journal.

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making- for our customers.
— DOYETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURiNQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

8 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during November. Send for our Catalog.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

12^6 HONET- JARS

The No. 25 Honey-Jar» Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Capf absolutely ttg^bt, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

I gross lots J4. SO per gross

5 " " 4.00 *'

Also in strong RE-SHiPPING CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 " 95 "

10 *' -90 **

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps»3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 85c

10 '* *' " 80c

20 " " " 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN.

265 Jt 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N, Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

TELEPHONE FACTS

We publish a finely illustrated book that is
full of telephone facts. It tells all about
telephones for farms, tbe kind to use,
bow to organizea farm telephonecompaDy, how
Lo build the Hoes and where to buy tbe best
telephones. Free if you ask for Book 8U-F.

Sfromberg-Garlson Tel. Mfg. Co.. Chicago. Rochester, N.Y.

Mention Bee Journal when Trrltlngr.

En§ravin$sForSale

We are accumulating quite a stock of engrav-
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using in our columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one would like tr
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. TORE & CO.

334 Dearborn street, - CHICAGO, 11,1,

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice Killing Machine

kUli.llUc6*Ddmitea. IioiiyurytobirdBorfe»th-
er». H.ndiee aoy fowl, Btn.UoBt chick to \^Tf*'*
(robbler. Made in three BiieB. P.jB for ItBelftttBt
SeaBoD. AlBO LiffhtniTif! Lie* Kitting Pmxid^,
Ihuttry Bitt, iw Murder. etc. We Beoure Bpeolal
low eiprBBB rates. Catalog eent free. Writeforit

OIIABLEB 8C1III.D CO.

S Frankfort St. CleTelMld, VDla

t>i) BJBGi IS o% g tnojj r)8B^ pny

e 2

''O Q so pil'*W38,'8a, '»3 & 1801'

Otisvillk, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything la
th« smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if 'I want any more smokers your new style is
(rood enouffh for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to gtt mine. Fred Fod»k«.

Oct. 26. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

751

Lowest Prici

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 "

" JaDuar; 1 7 "

" February 1 6 "

" March 1 4 "

" April 1 2

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly,
50c a year. ) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-L,ist of
Supplies free on application. Address,

Tlie W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.
Mention Bee Journal ^rhen Trritlng.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
■wood Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 2 cans,
boxed, at 9 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans, at
one time, 8}-^ cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK H0NEY1^."PP«L%^C0.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.
New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would i>ay those havidg- it in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us jour low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
floods and styleof packag'e; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm iu the US. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaaS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
4lAtf Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

FOR SALE

Until further notice, finest quality new crop
California Water White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cane and new cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and state quantity you want.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y.
34Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

MONEY AND BEESWAX

When conslKnlng, baying or selling, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
109 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

9 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

Wi ^OCTOBER^

This appHes to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, Oct. S — The demand lor comb
honey is about as usual for the season of year.
Offerings from the surrounding States are fully
equal to past season, bnt that from Colorado
and the Middle Western Stales are not. No. 1
to fancy white comb honey sells at 13@l4c,
with an occasional sale at 15c; the off grades
embracing crooked combs, etc., sell at ll'til2c;
amber grades difficult to place at 9{ii'10c. Ex*
tracted, white, 6(aJ7c, according to kind, body
and flavor and package; ambers SH@65^ cents.
Beeswax selling upon arrival at 30c if clean;
off grades about 2c per pound less,

R. A. BURNBTT A Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 6.— Reports from different
parts of the couniry give evidence of an almost
total failure in the comb honey crop, excepting
the points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb honey at from 14^16 cents per
pound, by the case. The demand for extracted
honey is about equal to the receipts, which are
good. We continue to sell amber in barrels at
5K@6c; white clover at 6)i@7}ic. For beeswax
we are paying 30c per pound, cash, delivered
here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

Thb Frbd W.Muth Co.

New York, Sept. 22.— New crop is beginning
to arrive quite freely from New York State and
Pennsylvania, and is in fair demand at 14c for
fancy white, exceptionally fine quality may
bring 16c; 13c for No. 1 white, and llSi'12c for
No. 2 white and amber; no buckwheat on the
market as yet. Extracted, in good demand at
last quotations. Beeswax, firm and scarce at

29@30C. HII.DRBTH A Sboblkhn

Indianapolis, Oct. 12.— There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De-
maud for lower grades of comb honey not good.
Numerous shipments of honey arriving, but no
one producer seems to have very great quanti-
ties to offer. I quote fancy white at 15@16c;
No. I in poor demand at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade extracted brings 8@9c in 60-lb.
cans; amber slow at Sc. Beeswax, 28@30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

Cincinnati, O., Oct. 7.— The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceed 1 ugly short and producers in
the West keep the price high. We quote fancy
water-white comb honey No. 1 white clover

from 14@U.c; No. 2 from 12!^i<j'14c. Extracted
seems to be more plentiful. In barrels, light
amber, 5'4Cd)S^c; in cans. He more. White
clover from 7@8c. Beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W. Wbbbr.

Kansas City, Oct. 9.— The honey market
here at present is very strong at $3.25 per case
for No. 1 and fancy white comb in 24section
cases; amber and other grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at 6Xc. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons a Co.

Albant, N. Y., Sept. 21.— Honey demand
improving here as the season advances, and as
next month is the best month we look for good
prices. Buckwheat comb is scarce; that is,
straight buckwheat. We quote fancy white,
15c; No. 1, 14c; mixed, 13c; buckwheat. No 1,
13c; mixed, 13@12>ic. Extracted, white, 7(5 7>ic;
mixed, 6>i(a'7c; buckwheat, 6H cents. Beeswax,
28W32C- H. R. Wright.

Toledo, Oct. 17— The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the same as
last quotations. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6^(a>6Hc;
amber, in barrels, 5@5%c; in cans, Ic to l}<c
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

Philadelphia, Oct. 19.— Honey has been ar-
riving freely in the last 10 days. There are still
some small producers who have a few hundred
pounds, and want to dispose of It quickly and
get their money, who are keeping the prices
down. We quote: Fancy white, 14®16c; No. 1,
13<g(14c; amber, I0@llc. Extracted honey rules
firm at 5)^@6)^c for amber; 6M@"}ic for white.
Beeswax firm, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

San Francisco, Oct. 11.— White comb, 1-lb,
sections, 8@'>cent8; amber, 6S7c. Extracted-
water-whlte, 5@— c; white, ^%@4)ic; light am-
ber, 3Ji@4 cents; amber, 3@3)4c; dark amber,
2K®3c. Beeswax, good tocholce, light, 25@27c.

There Is little activity In the local honey
market, as dealers and growers do not seem
able to make their ideas in regard to prices con-
form. At the present rate of demand, dealers
do not feel warranted iu paying more than 4c a
pound for extracted honey and 8c a pound for
comb honey, choice basis. On the other hand,
growers are aware of a scarcity in some sec-
tions and are holding for higher prices. A
prominent bee-man of Bakersfield says that the
honey crop of the county is a little above the
average this year, bnt the price Is small. Ex-
tracted honey Is only bringing abont 4 cents a
pound. The extracting for the season is abont
completed.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

752 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Oct. 26, 1905

Are You Going to the National
Bee-KeeDers' Convention ftt»aoo,D6G.5.6,7

If so, be sure to make your headquarters

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY <fe BEE-SUPPLY CO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ing Convention and city. Respectfully,

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

#.WK .nV- .W|W. .Wftf. .Wf«. .W|ir. .W4ir. .W#W. .»-|i(. .-i^w.
«»!•» «:•» «•?» mT* «»T<» «T<» «>7» «»T<» «>T<» •*<»
■•♦?■ »|»- >,tv •f-- -f V -f !«■ -f •■ "f"- •♦<■ .i,!?-

.k'A'tf. .«'#'r. .k'|W. .si*. .a'AW. .•'Air. .«#«. .WAa. .«A'«. .«A'- ••#i'-

«:•» «S» «!'• ^I* ^I* ^2* *I^ ^v^ *2% *u* ^I*

JUST THINK OF IT !

LEWIS' NO. 1 FINE

WHITE POLISHED

SECTIONS

1,000 @$4.55 per thousand IF ORDER WITH CASH IS SENT IN, THIS

2,000 @ 4.43 " MONTH

3,000 - @ 4.32 " as these prices are net after October discount is deducted.

sil ::;:::;;;:::::::;;::::;:;;:::;::::::;:::: ©lofl " Hives and other supplies proportionately

10,000 @ 8:86 " Cheap

25,000 @ 3,64 " Send for Catalog Contalnlug Dlscouats and

50,000 @ 3.45 " List of Ageuts

Q. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

p^ERie^yy

:-!( •

Dee Journal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., NOVEMBER 2, 1905

No. 44

m

Mr. and Mrs. Julius Hammer, of Eau Claire Co., Wis.

(Mrs. H. was Bessie Dittmer, eldest daughter of Gus Dittmer.

See marriage notice on page 710.)

-'■ ^

WB0 '^

WmC -> ^

r

LUHDORFF'5%23
GOLDEN PtM
CAUrORNlAN ^yS^ 3

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C^UCENS. * liipfl

SEPT. 15. IflLfl

235 P^S. IJHH

O.LUHDORFF ' ^f^HI

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4

'3*^ " ' ^^ ^la . ' J^^K^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

■ -^^^t/m^ 1

No. 1.— Home apiary of Otto Luhdorff,
of Tulare Co., Calif.

No. 2.— Mr. LuhdorfE's Hive on Scales, with Frame No. 3. — Mr. Luhdorff's Hive on Scales, with Frame

of White Honey. (See page 758) of Queen-Cells.

754

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

Nov. 2, 'MOS

FCBLISHED WEEKLY BT

6E0R6E W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
81.W a year, In the United States, Canarta. and
Alexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. iA)
cents a year extra for postafte. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your i*ubscripito • ispsi-i.
For Instance, '*deco5"on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December.

StrBSCRTPTlON RECEIPTS.-We do not send a

receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
Uiat uie money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

lat.— To promote the interests of its members.
23.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riirbts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
honey.

Annuel Membership Dues, $i.oo
General Manager and Trensurer —

N. K. Fkance, Platteville, Wig,

f^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
DnbUshers of the American Bee JoumaL

t^e Honey-Producers' League

7? . (INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1, To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEfVlBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.0<) for each
20 (or fraction of 2"> colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
Arm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keepine.

Oborge W. York. Manager,

334 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW subscription with $1. no for the
Bee Journal a year. Now is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

S-W to $1(0 per month salary assured our graduates
under bond. You dont puy us until you hare a
position. I^arKest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted Write lor CataloK.

Monae School of Telegraphy.

Cincinnati. O. Buffalo, N.Y. Atlanta, Ga. LaCrosse.
"Wis. Texarkana. Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29A17t Please mention the Bee Journal

Blow is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coining sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAM, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen nrltlna;.

W '• If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SyPPLIES

Root's Goods at, Root's rnces

Everything" used by Bee Keepers. ^^

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. W

Low Freight Rates. .•. Catalog Free. ^

If you with to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my t^

#free moatblj pi ice-list of honey. ^j^

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIBS NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S U3E and avail ^

sSi yc nrself of the following very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality. jjfe

jgk For cash orders before Dec. 1 . .8 percent I For cash orders tef ore Feb. 1.. 6 percent Mt
'^fr For cashi orders before Jan. 1.. 7 percent | For cash orders before Mar. 1.. 4 percent ^^
j^^ For cash orders befote Apr. 1.. 2 percent ^^

I ' WALTER S. rOUDER, f

^ 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS. IND. 0

.^AL^tL -^ilLj^jl^ •I'^ij'l^ ''^ jite: jste: jite JfL jilfe JSffe jite jjte: jste -''fe: jijfc jtte jiffe: Jtfe: i^- -^^i^&i^f^H&L^ti.
Mention Bee Journal vrben writing:.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION r'.\ BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working- Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER,

Augusta, Wis.

MdK6 Money Du Saving Money

I

We are making special discounts on all kinds of BEE-SUPPLIKS, to keep
our factory busy. You can save much money by sending us a list of jour needs. The
price we will name you, will prove what we say.

Time is getting short; if your name is not on our list for a catalog, you'd better
send it to-day. None can be had after they are off the press.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

When attending the National Bee-Keepers*
Convention at Chicago. Dec. 5, 6, 7,

COME AND INSPECT

liE^VIS' BEE-^W^ARE

AND MAKE YOUR HEADQUARTERS AT

YORK HONEY Tvl^^^ CO. itt)

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559
Catalog and prices on Honey on application.

If you want

H. M. aRND, Ciood Ciood!i at Factory Prices and Prompt Sbip-

Mgr. nient, send your orders, or call on us.
BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange— delivered here.
8 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN OCTOBER.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal ffySS^

Nov. 2, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

755

I "DADAST'S FOUNDATION"

-AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. 5-lbs.

Medium Brood SS S3. . .

Light Brood 57 55. . .

Thin Surplus 62 60. . .

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63. . ,

10-1 bs.
...51..
...53..
...58..
...61..

251bs.
. . .49. . .
...51...
...56...
...59...

SO lbs.

..48

..SO

..55

.-.58

DISCOUNTS for Early Casli Orders

During September 10 percent

•' October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

MountUniojCoilege

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Fonnded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class repntation. 2S
instructors. Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COULEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

En§ravin§sForSale

We are accamnlatin^ quite a stock of en^av-
iflg^s that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doabt many of them conld be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help ns to
pay for others that we are constantly haviug^
made and nsine in onr colnmns. If there is any
of our eng-ravtdgs that any one would like tp
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. TOM & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILI,

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

^ll/U>\lAlAlifU>\l/il/U/\l/\t/\i/lil/\l/\lAli\l/\l/\l/\l/\l/\l/\l/\l/\li^

Bee ■ suDDiies ! |

We carry a large etock and greatest ^^

variety of everythlDg needed in the ^'

Apiary, assuring Ijestgoodsat lowest &

We want every bee-keeper to have our Free lUus- ^|

prices, and prompt shipments.

trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc.

■Write at onoe for Catalog, either English or German language.

KRETCHMbR MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

AGENCIES

Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas.
I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo.
Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., Sao Aotonio, Tex.

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo.
Shugart & Onren, Council Bluffs, Iowa.

'9^^(f^'t><!f><!f^ff^'f^'fVf^<ffyf\<!fVf^(f>(t^(f^ff^(f^^fyf^(f^ffVf><!f^rf^^

Get New Subscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal 7

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts to many times
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Lice — the sure preventive. Losb
can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 oz.. by express. $1.00.
O. K. STOCK FOOD CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Tice-Pres.
406 MonoB Bide, Chlcnro, III.

I Bee-Reepers'
Early Disconnts

%
%

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Before October 1 . . .

" November 1.

" December 1,

January 1.. .

' ' February 1 , .

" March!

" April 1

Prelght-RatcB from Toledo are the
lowest Can take Honey and Beeswax
in exchange for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,

TOIjHSDO,

OHIO.

Mention Bee Jonmal when ^rrltlngr.

756

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 2, 1905

A GOOD INVESTMENT

i6;3 Percent Interest. Abso utely Safe. A Chance for Bee-Keepers Only.

Read again what Editor York says regarding it on page 661, Sept. 21, American Bee Journal.

ONLY 5 DAYS LEFT

To secure our 9 percent October Discount.

For cash orders before Nov. 1 9 percent

" " Deo. 1 8 "

" " Jan. 1 7 "

Discounts for Early Cash Orders

For cash orders before Feb. 1 6 percent

Mar. 1 4 "

Apr. 1 2 "

The above are the discounts which we offer for early cash orders.

You will notice that after January, the discount drops 2 percent a month ; and if we find that advancing prices of mate-
rials do not warrant the larger discount, we reserve the right to reduce the amount.

Orders may be sent to any Branch House or Dealer

Well-known Dealers

The Large Stocks
Shipping Points
ip. Prices, Discounts

M

M Other Dealers

m

gg Local Dealers

The dealers, whose names follow, are well known to bee-keepers. They have been, for the
most part, long established in the bee-supply trade, and have a knowledge of the business
most valuable indeed to the bee keeping fraternity. Their advice may be had on any question
of Supplies, etc., for the asking.

Nowhere else is it possible to find such well-assorted stocks of goods for bee-keepers as are
carried by dealers in Root's Goods. No matter whether you require a little 5-cent article or a
carload of goods, these dealers can serve you promptly. Stocks are frequently carried amount-
ing to $5000 and upward.

You will observe that these dealers have excellent shipping facilities — guaranteeing you
quick delivery and low freight rates.

The prices, terms, discounts, etc., are identical with the home office at Medina (with rare
exceptions). Full particulars maybe had before ordering, if desired, by writing the dealer
nearest you. You can, however, use our Medina catalog and terms, and, if any variation, your
dealer will advise yeu, if requested, before shipping.

Besides the following list, there are many others who handle some of Root's Goods. The
following is by no means complete for hundreds of dealers come to us for many of the goods
of which we are the exclusive manufacturers. Jtisist on getting Root's Ooods.

In addition to the following list who carry large stocks, and furnish at both wholesale and
retail, we have in every State a large number of local dealers who handle our goods exclu-
sively. As there are over .500 of these dealers, space will not permit giving their names at this
time; but infojmation will be given by us, on request, to any bee-keeper regarding the dealer
nearest him handling Root's Goods.

&&-

CANADA

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.

COLORADO
Fruita Fruit and Produce Association,

Fruita.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co., Denver,
Colo.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

The A. I. Root Co., Washington, D.C.

QEORQIA
Howkins & Rush, 124 Liberty Street,
Savannah, Ga.

INDIANA

Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.
Vickery Bros., Evansville, Ind.

IOWA
Joseph Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa

ILLINOIS
The A. I. Root Co., 144 E. Erie Street,
Chicago, 111.

KANSAS
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co.,
Kans.

MISSISSIPPI

George A. Hummer, Brazelia, Miss.

MASSACHUSETTS

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston,

Mass,
W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass.

MAINE

The A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.

MARYLAND

Rawlings Implement Co., Baltimore,
Md.

MICHIGAN

M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.

MINNESOTA

The A. I. Root Co., 1024 Mississippi
Street, St. Paul, Minn.

nissouRi

John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
Springfield Seed Co., Springfield, Mo.
Blanke & Hauk, St. Louis, Mo.

NEW MEXICO

Edward Scoggin, Carlsbad.

NEW YORK

The A. I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
The A. I. Root Co., 44 Vesey St., New
York City, N. Y.

OHIO

McAdams Seed Co., Columbus Grove,0.
Griggs Bros. , 521 Monroe St. , Toledo,0.
C. H. W. Weber, 2146 Central Avenue,
Cincinnati, O.

PENNSYLVANIA

Prothero & Arnold, Dubois, Pa.
The A. I. Root Co,, 10 Vine Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

TEXAS

Texas Seed & Floral Co., Dallas, Tex.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.

VIRGINIA

W. E. Tribbett, Spottswood, Va.

The following buy our goods in carload lots, but supplement them with local-made goods.

ALABAHA OREGON TEXAS

J M Jenkins Wetumpka, Ala. Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg. D. M. Edwards, Uvalde, Texas.

CALIFORNIA

Madary Planing Mill, Fresno, Calif.

Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
CALIFORNIA

California National Honey Producers' Association, Los Angeles.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

y y ▼ ▼▼▼▼▼

▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼^ ^

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

^Entered at the Post-OflSce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Publislied IVeekly at S1«00 a Tear by CSeorg^e W. ¥ork & Co., 331 Uearborn St.

aBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER 2, 1905

VoLXLV— No. 44

iT

(fbitorial Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

=\

Convention Qoing

We have received Ihe following from Mr.
R. F. HoltermanD, one of Canada's "conven-
tion goers:"

Kditor American Bee Journal —

Your statement about going to conventions
can not be too strongly endorsed. I have
gone to more North American, International,
and now National, conventions than any other
Canadian. I have also attended a great many
convenlions in Canada, and spent a consider-
able sum in my eduratfott in this direction. I
look upon it as a business investment which
has paid me well.

To get the greatest benefit from conven-
tions, we must not be as pliable as putty, and
have our ideas moulded by every new person
who takes hold of us; but we must be un-
prejudiced, and open to solid reasoning. Peo-
ple who think they have reached perfection
will not — yes, can not — learn anything more;
but to others a convention properly conducted
must be profitable.

I have this season, from 396 colonies, spring
count, secured a good, fat 60,000 pounds of
honey, and have had to do no feeding for
winter. I want no system which artificially
or otherwise breaks up colonies, and I be-
lieve I have come closer than anything I have
yet seen or heard of, to increase now in the
production of extracted honey. I have some
points which I have not seen brought out.

I hope to be present at the coming National
convention in Chicago.

R. F. HOLTERMANN.

The American Bee Journal has always been
a strong supporter of conventions among bee-
keepers. It feels encouraged to know that so
able a bee-keeper as Mr. Holtermann also en-
dorses its stand on the subject. Any bee-
keeper who desires to make the greatest suc-
cess of the business of honey-production
makes a large mistake if he fails to attend
conventions. Of course, sometimes it may
be utterly impossible to go, and, if so, that is
to be regretted. But a big attempt should be
made to " get there," especially to the larger
State and National conventions.

Every bee-keeper who can possibly arrange
to attend the National convention here in
Chicago next Dec. 5, 6 and T. should do so.
We do not say this because it is to be held in
Chicago, but because it is the National or-
ganization of bee-keepers. It is the largest

Jf

thing of its kind on this continent, and has
done more for American bee-keeping than
any other similar organization. It can, and
will, do much more along the same line. But
in order to do so, it must have the hearty co-
operation of just as many live bee-keepers as
possible.
Come to the National convention, Dec. 5, 6

and 7.

-*■

Cakes of Beeswax Without Cracks

More than once in these columns the advice
has been given to cover up warm so the wax
shall be a long time cooling, or to put the wax
in the stove oven at night, leaving it there all
night so as to cool off slowly as the stove
cools off. Evidently this hardly applies to
large quantities, the size of the cake being
limited by the size of the vessel admitted by
the oven.

In Gleanings in Bee Culture Leslie Burr
says the only practical way with large quan-
tities is to dip the wax from one tub into
another. The cracking is caused by the fact
that the outside part of the cake becomes
solid while the central portion is still hot.
When the hot wax is poured back and forth
from one tub to another, the whole mass be-
comes cooled more uniformly, hence no crack-
ing.

^

Points In Moving Bees

Migratory l)ee-keeping seems to be more in
vogue in Australia than in this country.
From a symposium in the Australasian Bee-
Keeper on the subject of moving bees, the
following points are taken :

In place of wire-cloth for ventilation, bag-
ging or hessian (burlap?) may be used, both
on top and at the entrance.

Remove all combs filled with honey, and re-
place with empty ones placed in the middle
of the brood-nest.

Make all preparations that can conveniently
be made the night before, so an early start
can be made on the journey the following
morning. (I a,. Germany the start is some-

times made not long after midnight. ) Cbas.
U. T. Burke says:

" I would only take one load each day,
starting each time at daylight. If you have
them shut up, and shift them in a broiling
sun, many will be smothered, and what are
alive would take a week or more to recover,
so always shift your bees as quickly as possi-
ble as early in the morning as you can.
Hives have time to cool down through the
night, whereas if you shift them at night they
are quite hot from the heat of the day, and
all hands disagreeable at being disturbed."

To make the bees mark their proper loca-
tions more certainly, pile green bushes or
grass at entrances, leaving them there two or
more days.

J. A. Hutchinson advises that heavy twine
be used to fasten the harness-tugs to the
whiffletrees, so that if anything happens that
makes it desirable to unhitch the team
quickly, the strings can be cut.

Rubber Bands for Transferring

Grant Stanley suggests in Gleanings in Bee
Culture that instead of strings and splints,
rubber bands be used to bold combs in frames
after the pieces are transferred. Then when
the bees have had time to fasten the combs in
place, cut the bands by running a sharp knife
lengthwise over the top-bars.

Definition of Honey Explained

To those who are familiar with what has
been said as to the Government definition of
honey, the following circular is self-explana-
tory:

Explanation of Standard for Honey.

On Dec. 20, 1904. the Secretary of Agricul-
ture, acting under authority of Congress, and
upon the recommendation of the Committee
on Food Standards of the Association of Offi-
cial Agricultural Chemists, proclaimed the
following standard for honey :

" Honey is the nectar and saccharine exuda-
tions of the plant, gathered, modified, and
stored in the comb by the honey-bee (Apis
mellijica). It is lievo-rotatory, contains not
more than twenty-five (25) percent of water,
nor more than twenty-five hundredths (0.25)
percent of ash, and not more than eight (8)
percent of sucrose."

This standard was adopted after careful
publication of an earlier suggested standard
as a basis of criticism, and after careful con-
sultation with leading authorities in apicul-
ture.

Since the standard was issued many letters

758

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 2 1905

have been received from bee-keepers repre-
sentiDg many of the States of the Union, ex-
pressing a desire that the standard should be
changed so as to avoid the exclusion from
standard honey of all honeys that contain
honey-dew. In support of this plea, it is
urged that the bee-keeper is unable to prevent
the introduction of some honey-dew, whether
taken directly from the plant or from the
aphis, and that small quantities of this mate-
rial are not injurious to the honey.

These requests being brought to the atten-
tion of the Committee on Food Standards at
its meeting in Chicago, beginning May 29 last,
the committee adopted the following minute:

"The standard does not in any way exclude
small quantities of honey-dew from honey.
We realize that bees often gather small quan-
tities of honey-dew thit can not be detected
in the finished product by chemical means,
and does not damage its quality. It is only
when relatively large amounts are gathered
that the quality of the honey is impaired, and
it fails to meet the requirements of the stand-
ard. It is generally agreed that such a large
amount of honey-dew is injurious lo the
quality of the product, which can not then be
properly regarded as honey."

Bee-keepers have reason to be thankful for
this ruling, which seems evidently to have
been framed with a sincere desire to be fair to
the producers of honey, and at the same time
to protect the interests oi the consumers.
Indeed, whatever is to the interest of the con-
suming public is, in the final analysis, to the
interest of the producer.

It now lies with bee-keepers to be so careful
as to the quality of the honey they put upon
the market that the confidence of consumers
may constantly be more firmly established
that when they buy anything under the name
of honey they are buying the pure article
from the laboratory of the busy little denizens
of the hive.

There is no disputing the fact that there
are exceptional cases in which bees store
that which is not desirable as an article of
food ; also that the best of honey may be so
treated as to be unpresentable. But no com-
plicated analysis is necessary to distinguish
such product. It is only necessary to taste
it; and the man who puts it on the market is
a fool or a knave, or both.

Fencing Bees with Barb-Wire

Mention is made in the Australasian Bee-
Keeper of an apiary thus enclosed. The hives
are placed with their entrances close up to the
fence. This does not obstruct the flight of
the bees, but allows cattle and horses to eat
down the grass close up to the entrance of
the hives, and also allows a smaller space of
ground to be enclosed.

Possibly some one on this side of the globe
may have tried this, and will be kind enough
to give us the advantages and disadvantages
ol the practice.

The Truth About Honey. — A few

changes have been made in the reading of the
Comb Honey Guarantee Circular for shipping-
cases gotten up by The Honey-Producers'
League, so that it will be suitable for bee-
keepers to use in their correspondence, put-
ting one in with every letter they write. It
is headed, " The Truth About Honey," and is
printed on both sides of a light manilla card-
board. It is sent postpaid in lots of 50 for 10
cents, 100 for 30 cents, etc. Every bee-keeper
should use it, as it will undoubtedly help to
popularize the use of honey.

The Guarantee Circulars for putting in ship-
ping-cases should be used by every beekeeper
who sells comb honey by the case. These
circulars are the same price — 10 cents for 50
copies, postpaid. Send all orders to the
American Bee Journal office.

r

V

IHtsccIIancous Heips 3tcm5

J

Home-Apiary of Otto Luhdorflf.— On

the first page are shown some pictures sent us
by Otto Luhdorff, of Tulare Co., Calif. When
sending them he wrote thus:

I am enclosing 3 pictures. No. 1 is my
home apiary, consisting of some 75 colonies
on a lot in a city which has about 5000 inhabi-
tants. I never had any trouble with my
neighbors on account of my bees; they are
very tame — I mean the bees, not the neigh-
bors. The hives are standing in the shade of
fruit-trees.

No. 2 is a hive on scales which weighed on
Sept. 15, 235 pounds, now (Oct. 7) over 240
pounds — the limit of the scales. In front of
the hive is a frame of honey which shows how
white the bees cap their combs.

No. 3 is the same hive and a frame of queen-
cells. The bees accepted every cell ; rather
unusual, at the same time a very strong col-
ony. All brood was capped and young brood
always hatching, which was favorable for the
development of cells.

The bees are a little side-issue with me, as I
drifted into bee-keeping for pleasure.

Otto Luhdorff.

Illinois Fair Premiums. — The winners
of premiums in the bee and honey department
of the recent Illinois State Fair are as follows:

Display of comb honey — 1st, Aaron Coppin ;
2d, C. Becker; 3d, Geo. M. Rumler.

White comb honey— 1st, Jas. A. Stone *
Son ; 2d, Aaron Coppin ; 3d, C. Becker.

Amber or dark comb honey — 1st, C. Becker;
2d, .Jas. A. Stone it Son ; 3d, Aaron Coppin.

White clover comb honey — 1st, Jas. A.
Stone & Son; 3d, A. Coppin; 3d, C. Becker.

Sweet clover comb honey — 1st, Louis Wer-
ner; 2d, Jas. A. Stone & Son; 3d, A. Coppin.

Basswood comb honey— 1st, Jas. A. Stone
& Son; 2d, Aaron Coppin; 3d, C. Becker.

Display of extracted honey — 1st, Jas. A.
Stone it Son : 2d, C. Becker; 3d, A. Coppin.

Honey extracted on the grounds — 1st, Jas.
A. Stone iS: Son ; 2d, C. Becker.

Frame of comb honey for extracting — 1st.
C. Becker; 2d, Louis Werner; 3d, A. Coppin.

Display of candied honey— 1st, C. Becker ;
2d, Jas. A. Stone & Son; 3d, Aaron Coppin.

Display of beeswax — let, C. Becker; 3d,
Jas. A. Stone & Son; 3d, Aaron Coppin.

Dark Italian bees— Ist, Aaron Coppin; 3d,
Louis Werner; 3d, C. Becker.

Golden Italian bees— 1st, Aaron Coppin; 2d,
Louis Werner; 3d, C. Becker.

Carniolan bees — 1st, Louis Werner; 3d, C.
Beckerr 3d, Aaron Coppin.

Honey-vinegar, 3^ gallon, with recipe for
making— 1st, Jas. A. Stone & Son; 2d, C.
Becker; 3d, Aaron Coppin.

Display of designs in honey— 1st, Geo. M.
Rumler; 2d, Aaron Coppin; 3d, C. Becker.

Display of designs in beeswax — 1st, Jas. A.
Stone A Son; 2d, Aaron Coppin; 3d, C.
Becker.

Prime German Candy Honey.— This

nation is frequently credited with being chief
in the matter of humbuggery and adultera-
tion. Of late, however, at least in matters
that specially interest bee-keepers, the Yan-
kee nation is in danger of losing its dizzy
eminence as faker-in-ohief. In Europe, thou-
sands ot wax-presses are in use by bee-keepers,
who make their own foundation, a chief rea-
son tor this being the fact that it is diflicult
to buy foundation that can be relied upon as
unadulterated. Some specimens on the mar-

ket show upon analysis 73 percent of paraffin
and only 38 percent of wax. In this country
the difficulty would be to find any sample of
foundation not absolutely pure.

There is no attempt to dispute that in this
country glucose has been used to a large ex-
tent as an adulterant. But too great publicity
is not courted by those who sell something
under the guise of honey which contains in
it nothing that has ever been in the honey-sac
of a bee. Dealers in pure honey in this coun-
try are not likely to be approached with offers
of bargains in the adulterated stuff. For
brazenness in that line, pre-eminence must be
accorded to adulterators across the water, as
is shown by a letter received at this office
direct from the "' North German Honey and
Wax-Works." Enclosed with the letter was
a " Price-list of prime candy honey " — very
queer tasting stuff — sold in wooden casks,
wooden pails, tin boxes, enameled pails,
glasses, and tins, at prices varying according
to style of package from %% to "K cents a
pound.

" The Honey-Mouey Stories." — This
is a 64page-andcover booklet, 5?:4x8)^ inches
in size, printed on enameled paper, entitled,
"The Honey-Money Stories." The cover has
a picture of a section of comb honey, S'j
inches square, the comb being in gold-bronze,
which gives it a very attractive appearance.
Then on the gold-bronze comb are printed
these words: "From Honey to Health, and
from Health to Money."

It is edited by Earl M. Pratt, and contains
a variety of short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about honey
and its use. The manufactured comb honey
misrepresentation is contradicted in two
items, each occupying a full page, but in dif-
ferent parte of the booklet. It has in all 31
halftone illustrations, nearly all ot them being
of apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also con-
tains 3 bee-songs, namely, " The Hum of the
Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom," " Buckwheat
Cakes and Honey," and an entirely new one,
called, "The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby." This
last song has not been published before. The
songs alone ought to be worth more than the
price of the whole thing.

It is a booklet that should by placed in the
hands ot everybody not familiar with the
food value of honey, for its main object is to
interest people in honey as a daily table arti-
cle. It is thought that it will be just the
thing to sell on railroad passenger trains, on
news stands, etc. The stories and items are
all so short and helpful, and the pictures so
beautiful, that it likely will be kept by any
one who is so fortunate as to get a copy ot it.
Its postpaid price is only 35 cents, but the
health-value ot its contentswould run up into
dollars. We mail 5 copies tor .?1.00, or club
it with the American Bee Journal — both for
.?1 10. It would be very nice for a gift to a
friend. Send us a six months' nem subscrip-
tion for the American Bee Journal with 50
cents, and we will mail you a copy ot " The
Horey-Money Stories " free as a premium.

Comb Honey Not Machine-Made. —

We have a fair supply of the typewritten
letter on this subject, which appeared in the
Chicago Daily News of June 21, 1905. It is
just the thing to have published in every bee-
keeper's local newspaper. We mail it for a
3-cent stamp. Better order several copies,
and request as many newspaper editors to
publish it. It will certainly be a good thing
for both the reading public and the bee-
keepers.

Nov. 2 190S

THfc AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

759

-V (£ontrtbutcb ^-
Special Clrticlcs

=^

Caring for Comb Honey After Taken Off
the Hive

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

WILL you please tell us through the columns of the Bee Journal
how to take care of comb honey after it is oft the hive ; that is,
from the time it is taken from the hive till it is taken to mar-
ket? I am a beginner in the bee-business, and when I took off
my honey I put it in a cool room on the north side of the house, think-
ing that this would be a good place for it; but some way, now that I
am preparing it for market, it does not look as good and white as it
did when I took it from the hive, and the honey that is in the few un-
sealed cells next to the wood of the section, runs out if I tip it the
least bit sidewise. What is the trouble?"

I doubt if there ever was a season since I have written
about bees when I had so many inquiries about the care of
comb honey as now, and from the letters received it would
seem that, owing to the generally poor season in most parts
of the country, the honey the bees obtained was thinner or
less evaporated than usual. But, to the question :

The first requisite for caring for comb or section honey,
after taking it from the hives, is a good, warm room in which
to store it. Don't for any reason store it in the cellar, as so
many beginners seem prone to do, nor make the mistake the
questioner did, of storing it in a room on the lower floor on
the north side of the house, for this is nearly as bad as in the
cellar.

It seems strange to me that nearly every one who has not
been told better, will take it for granted that honey should be
stored in a refrigerator, or some place as cold as can well be
found. If they would stop to think a moment, they would
know that the place where the bees keep it is warm, and the
bees are models for keeping honey. The warmer honev can
be kept the better, till a degree of 100, Fahr., is reached, and
to secure such a high temperature without being obliged to
keep a fire, quite a few of our most practical apiarists put it
in an upper chamber or the attic. In this way the rays of the
sun shining all day directly on the roof warms the room and
the honey up to near this 100, Fahr., point, and the honey
being thus warmed during the day holds the heat till weil
toward morning, so that it is thickening and ripening in such
a place very much the same as it would were it left with the
bees. The only objection that can be brought against such
an upper room is the amount of heavy work required in lug-
ging the honey up and down the stairs. Where an elevator
can be used, such a place is just the thing.

As a body of honey once thoroughly warmed will hold the
heat for a long time, the average temperature of such a room
on the south side of the house will be pretty high, ranging
from 80 to 100 degrees the most of the time up to Oct. 1, thus
ripening the honey splendidly. The object of this is to have
the honey growing better and better, instead of poorer (as did
that of our correspondent in his lower north room), and that
from the moment it leaves the hives, this causing the honey
in those unsealed cells — where there happens to be any
around the outside of the comb ne.xtthe wood, which is spoken
of above — to become so thick that it will equal any in the sec-
tion. Ofttimes it is better not to wait until these unsealed
cells nex'. the wood of the sections are a// scaled over, for to
wait for them to be so is often a great waste of time, espe-
cially so for those sections near the outside of the surplus
arrangement. When the honey is taken from the hive, that
in the unsealed cells is often so thin that if the sections are
held so the mouths of the cells are down, it will leak or run
out badly ; but by leaving it in a warm room, as above, for
three weeks or a month, it can be handled as you please, tip-
ping it over, etc., and not a drop of honey can be shaken out.
And after it gets to market, if it is stored in a damp, cool
place, it will be some time before it will take on moisture
enough to affect it to any great extent.

Perhaps all will not agree with me ; but I think that all
comb honey should be stored in such a room at least a month
before casing or sending to market, to ripen, or "sweat out,"
as it is more usually termed. I know that it is a saving of
time and labor to case it as soon as it is taken from the hives ;
but I think it pays for all the extra time and labor required,
in the better quality and appearance of our product.

Having moved to the old D)olittle homestead during the
past year, and there being no place for keeping honey except
the chambers, I have built a place for the >ame, not wishing
to perform all the labor necessary to keeping it in an upper
room. This building is in the form of a " lean-to ' on the
south side, it being 12 feet wide and 24 feet long, ihe 24 feet
being east and west, with the one-sided roof slanting toward
the south. This roof and the three sides have been painted
with what is known here as " Venetian red," and the sun
heats it up, even after quite a cold night, to from 80 to 90
degrees by 10 a.m. When it gets up to about 100, the win-
dows are opened so that the air, coming through the screens
on them, can carry out all moisture, and thus I have it hot
and dry on every sunshiny day. At night the windows are
closed, and they are left thus except when the mercury rises
above 90.

When the honey was taken off, the first super was set on
2 inch square blocks, one under each of the 4 corners, the
blocks resting on the floor. Then on each of the 4 corners of
this super were placed 4 l-iuch square blocks, on which to
set the next super, and so on till a pile of 10 supers high was
reached, when a new pile was started. In this way there was
a 2-inch space (under) between the first super at the bottom
and the floor ; and an inch space between each and every
(other) super. This allowed the heat and air to circulate un-
der, above, and around every section of honey in every
super, aud when I came to get the honey ready for market a
few days ago, I never had honey any better ripened before.
Some of it used on the table was so thick that even the honey
in the unsealed cells next the wood of the sections would stay
almost half a day before dropping out, where the knife was
used in cutting the comb of honey out for use. I am much
pleased with the result, and especially as it is an easy matter
to handle the honey for all purposes from this room.

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Work in the Apiary for November

BY C. P. D.\DANT

IF you have not removed all the supers during October, the
cool mornings of the early part of November must be used
for this purpose. It is well toexamine the hives and make
sure that none of the entrances are too deep ; that is, deep
enough for mice to go through, as there is greater danger of
disturaance from mice in the very coldest weather. A very
strong colony may get rid of the mice, but an average colony
which does not cover all the combs during cold weather, will
be very much disturbed by the mice gnawiug at the unoccu-
pied combs.

We like to reduce the entrances of the hives to the space
necessary for ventilation only. We believe in sheltering the
bees against changes of temperature in all possible ways It
is true that bees can winter, and do winter, with a great deal
of ventilation, even with the bottom-board entirely removed,
but this is done at the expense of an extra amount of food. A
good colony of bees in a healthy condition will keep warm
during the coldest weather, but it will require a greater quan-
tity of honey in cold weather, and the colder the atmosphere
the more they will consume. That is why bees wintered in
the cellar consume so little. It has been estimated by some
apiarists that colonies may consume as little as 5 pounds of
honey In the cellar during the winter. This is a low estimate,
but 1 am satisfied that 8 or 10 pounds is a fair estimate, while
nearly double that amount will be consumed in i cold winter
on the summer stand. It is evident that bees produce heat
by the consumption of stores.

While we want to shelter the hives against the cold winds
and storms of winter, we want to secure them against an ex-
cess of moisture by the use of absorbents over the cluster. It
has been held by some that upward ventilation is necessary.
I ooubt tbis, and believe that the only advantage of upward
ventilation is the carrying away of the moisture, which, in a
tight-fitting hive, would condense and wet the interior of the
hive. But upward ventilation also carries away heat. So we
have made it a practice to remove the tight-fitting cloth which
is placed over the brood-chamber during the warm season,
and replacing it with a straw mat covered with forest leaves.
This does not allow of any loss of heat, but absorbs the mois-
ture as fast as It is produced. This moisture is not often in-
jurious; usually It condenses in the corners and runs down
and out of the hive, especially If the hive is tilted forward as
all should be.

But I have seen two or three winters in my experience in
which the condensation of moisture was so great that it liter-
ally soaked the combs, the bottom-board, and all the dea'l

760

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 2, 1905

bees that usually fall to the floor of the hive. In this condi-
tion the living bees were helpless and soon died, for nothing
short of a transfer on dry combs could help them, and such
a transfer was impossible in cold weather. But in every case
where our bees had upper ventilation, or absorbents in the
upper story, the conditions were entirely different, as the
moisture had been allowed to pass off as fast as produced.
This experience was plain, for we saw the same result in hun-
dreds of hives.

As 1 said before, this happened only in two or three win-
ters, but the experience with the hives that had a water-tight
ceiling was so lamentable that it became an absolute rule with
us never to winter bees out-of-doors or in the cellar without
giving them either moisture absorbents in the upper story or
upper ventilation, the former being very much preferable on
account of the economy in heat.

Any sort of covering will do that allows the humidity to
pass on through. Langstroth, at one time, recommended corn-
cobs, carefully piled side by side, so as to leave no interstices.
Some apiarists recommend cork-dust, which would be all right
if not so expensive. A sack full of chaff, or leaves, or wool-
waste, cotton, or even carpets, will be far superior to the ordi-
nary tight oil-cloth which serves during the summer.

Outside shelter is good, no matter in what shape, and the
material used for this purpose will differ according to the
location and ease of securing it. An outer covering or case is
the best if it were not for the expense. We have sometimes
wintered small colonies in small-sized hives by covering them
with a large dry-goods box, which was tipped back during
warm days. With such a covering a very small colony or
nucleus is often wintered safely, and helped through the
spring months without much trouble. But it requires con-
stant attention, as they must be given a flight whenever the
weather is suitable.

Above all things, it is well to put our bees in winter quar-
ters before the opening of cold weather, so as not to disturb
them after the cold days have begun. Hancock Co., 111.

Requeening Colonies— Uniting Weak with
Strong

BY EDWIN BEVIN8

THERE seems to be an unfortunate or misleading use of
words in the heading of that article by W. T. Gary, on
page 647. Under the heading, " Uniting Weak Colonies
with Strong Ones," Mr. Gary tells how he requeened 2 colonies
in an old-fashioned way — how he didn't requeen the third one,
and how he did requeen the fourth one.

Mr. Cary does not say that he used bee-zinc when he tried
to requeen the 2 colonies which had their old queens killed,
but, supposing that he did, I will venture to say (begging his
pardon) that I believe his method of procedure was a great
mistake. The work might have been done without any fight-
ing or the loss of a bee.

My way would have been to place those shallow extract-
ing supers having the nuclei and young queens on bottom-
boards having the usual ?^-inch strips to form entrances.
Then I should have removed the covers and put two thick-
nesses of newspaper with small holes over each nucleus, and
then set the hives with the queenless bees on top. There
would have been no fighting, and there would have been no
swarm, unless the work had been delayed so long that queen-
cells had come too near maturity.

Now comes the puzzling part of Mr. Gary's experiments.
His attempt, it seems, was to requeen a colony having a lay-
ing queen with a young queen hatched from a queen-cell in a
nucleus placed above the colony to be requeened. It is well
known (so queen-rearers say) that a virgin queen reared over
a colony will, when released, go below and kill the laying
queen. It is evident, however, that Mr. Cary did not intend
to reiiueen in this way. lie waited until the young queen was
laying, then removed the temporary bottom-board and put in
its place two honey-boards. These, it seems, served to pro-
tect the young queen ami prevent any great disturbance. The
rear entrance may have contributed something to this result.

If only requeening was what Mr. Cary had in view, why
did he not kill that old queen when the young one came on
the stage of action, and then unite by some of the usual
methods? If the purpose was to test the efficacy of two
honey-boards instead of one, in the preservation of peace be-
tween a strong colony of bees with a laying queen below, and
a weak colony or nucleus with a laying queen above, then the
experiment has some significance. The results obtained by

the use of two honey-boards instead of one will be awaited
with interest.

When a weak colony in spring is put over a strong one
with a view to build up the weak colony by the. aid of the
warmth and superior numbers of the strong one, it would not
be prudent to give a rear entrance to the upper colony, as
many bees would seek the old location and be lost.

I am a little curious to know what Mr. Gary would have
done with that nucleus if those hybrid rascals had not
swarmed. Did he put the two honey-boards between the
nucleus and the rascals ? Decatur Co., Iowa.

=^

(£ont)cntton
Procecbings

Report of the Missouri Convention

«/

The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association met in Seda-
lia, Aug. 22 and 23, 1905. The convention was called to order
by Pres. J. W. Rouse at 2:30 p.m., Aug. 22. Prayer was of-
fered by Dr. Drunert. Roll called and the following members
found present: E. T. Abbott, Lewis A. Osborne, M. E. Trib-
ble, J. T. Shackelford, W. T. Cary, .1. W. Rouse, R. A. Hole-
kamp, N. R. White, M. E. Darby, W. H. Wilmer, Dr. F. H.
Drunert, E. E. Lawrence. W. T. Garrio came later. The
following joined during the session: E. G. Guthrie, N. G.
Lang, E. B. Gladish.

Secretary Gary and Assistant Secretary Holekamp read
their reports, the latter's showing a balance due him of $42.15.
which he kindly donated to the Association.

On motion, the secretaries' reports were approved, and a
hearty thanks tendered Mr. Holekamp for the noble work
he had done, and for his donation to the Association.

Pres. J. W. Rouse gave an address.

At the night session Mr. Holekamp read a paper on fout
brood, and a discussion followed in which L. H. Wilmer, Dr.
Drunert, E. T. Abbott, and others, participated.

Hon. Geo. B. Ellis, secretary of the Missouri State Board
of Agriculture, was introduced to the Association. Mr. Ellis
gave a valuable talk on bees and their relation to farming
and horticulture, and promised to issue a State bulletin about
bees.

SECOND DAY.

The meeting was called to order by Pres. Rouse ; prayer
by E. T. Abbott.

The election of officers resulted as follows : J. W. Rouse,
president ; M. E. Darby, vice-president ; Robt. A. Holekamp,
of St. Louis, secretary ; and M. L. Long, treasurer.

Mr. Holekamp read a paper on " How to Transfer Bees
from Box-Hives to Movable-Frame Hives." It was listened
to with great interest, and a discussion followed in which
Messrs. Wilmer, Abbott, and others, took part.

A motion was made to raise $25, or as much thereof as
possible, to help pay Mr. Holekamp's expenses to the conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers' Association in Chicago. Mr.
Holekamp refused to receive the donation, saying that he
would pay his expenses himself. But he said that a free-will
contribution to the funds of the Association would be very
acceptable, as the treasury was always empty, and a good
deal of good could be done with some extra money, as it could
be used for printed matter and postage to briLg new members-
into the Association, and to bring the old members in closer
touch with it. Thereupon it was voted that the secretary be
instructed to issue a circular calling for free-will contribu-
tions to the funds of the Association, to be used at the discre-
tion of the secretary in promoting the welfare of the Associa-
tion, and enlarging its membership through circularizing and
furnishing such literature as would interest, the bee-keepers-
of the State.

E.T.Abbott brought up the advisability of patronizing
the Progressive Bee-Keeper, the only paper in Missouri de-
voted exclusively to bee-keeping. The secretary, on motion,
was instructed to write to the editor of the Progressive Bee-
Keeper, asking him to co-operate with the bee-keepers of Mis-
souri.

Mr. Abbott offered to print 4000 or 5000 small circulars
free of charge to be sent out in the catalogs of bee-supply
dealers, to stir up the interest of the bee-keepers of the State
in the Association.

Nov. 2, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

761

The secretary was instructed to prepare such a circular
and send it to Mr. Abbott. A vote of thanks was tendered
Mr. Abbott for his kindness.

It was voted that every member of the Association be re-
quested to act as a committee of one to form a beekeepers'
club in his own county or vicinity, whose members must be-
come members of the Jlissouri State Bee-Keepers' Association
and of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, thus further-
ing the interest of the Association and of the bee-keepers of
his county or vicinity.

At the afternoon meeting a committee, previously ap-
pointed to decide as to when a member becomes delinquent,
reported as follows :

We, your committee on interpretation of the constitution in refer-
ence to membership, beg leave to report the following :

That record of membership should be made to conform to that of
the National Association, beginning the day that the secretary receives
the dues, and entitling to all privileges of the Association for one
year from that date. Jas. T. Sbackelfobd,

M. E. Darby.

Mr. Holekamp informed the Association of the organiza-
tion of The Honey-Producers' League, formed for the purpose
of increasing the demand for honey by advertising it in
the large journals of the country and otherwise, this adver-
tising to be done in a general way through articles intended
to counteract the bad effects of announcements detrimental to
the interests of bee-keepers, and calling the attention of the
masses to honey as a healthful sweet.

The sympathy of the Association was extended to Pres.
House, who had lost his beloved wife since the last meeting.

On motion, the officers of The Ruralist were thanked for
kindly allowing- the use of their large office-room for the meet-
ings of the Association ; also Mr. Osborne, and the people and
papers of Sedalia, were thanked for their kindness towards
the convention.

The secretary was authorized to use his discretion about
having the minutes of the meeting printed.

The convention then adjourned sine die.

R. A. Holekamp, Sec.

•».«v

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Cottveutlou, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

[Coatinaed from pa^ e 746.J
MAILING INFECTIOUS MATERIAL.

"Would it not be a violation of the United States postal
law to send infectious diseases of any sort through the
mail?"

Mr. Reynolds — I would say, as one working in the mails,
that it is.

BEE-KEEPING FOR WOMEN.

"Is bee-keeping a pleasant and profitable occupation for
woman ?"

Pres. York — We have not heard much from the women,
it seems to me ; I think we had better hear from Mrs. Stow,
the vice-president of the Association. Mrs. Stow, what can
you answer to that?

Mrs. Stow — Bee-keeping has been very pleasing to me,
whether it has been profitable in all respects I don't know,
but I don't think I would say that it has not been. I have
enjoyed the work with my bees for the last 20 years more
than anything else that I have known of, except my own
family duties; and the only objection I can see is that tliere
is some hard work about it; that unless she can have the
help of a man once in a while, or a big boy, it would Ije a
little too hard for her. But there is so much of the work
that can be done by a woman just as well as by a man, that
I think it is all right for a woman, if she has the taste to
go into the business. I like outdoor work, and enjoy nature
and studying it; and it is one of the advantages that any
woman going into this business has, as it is done at home,
and she can interest her own family in it ; it is not like
going out to work. But if a woman went into it by herself
with the idea of making a living by it, I don't know whether
I could say she would be able to do so.

Mrs. Glessner — I am such an amateur bee-keeper that
I don't believe anybody that keeps bees would want to hear
anything I have to say. Let me tell a story. I have only
a very small number of colonies, as I have taken entire
charge of them myself. One day when I was busy, and very
much engaged— I have a little house down in the White

Mountains — I saw a little skunk down the path coming to-
wards me. I was so much engaged I simply went right on
with my work, and kept an eye on him. After a while he
came down another path, and it was so tempting, he was
so close to me, that I thought I would see if I couldn't
capture him. So I picked up an empty bee-hive without a
bottom-board, but with a cover on it, and I walked out very
gently and clapped it over the "gentleman," and then piled
some stones on top so that he couldn't lift the cover up;
then I went away. My son's house is up in the woods a
little way, and I went to the telephone and called him up,
and said, "I have a little skunk in a bee-hive down at the
bee-yard, and I would be very glad if you would come down
and help me." There was quite a little pause, and quite
a little snicker, and finally he said, "Of course. What shall
I bring?" I said, "You might bring some fire arms of some
sort." So I armed myself with a bottle of ether and chloro-
form, and a little, long syringe. We pushed the cover off
a little bit and I threw in the ether and chloroform. Then
we tied a long string around the bee-hive and he put
me off to one side and said. "Now, when I say 'Pull,' you
pull." I pulled, and he fired, and we had one dead skunk,
and no odor at all. [Applause.]

Miss Wilson — I don't know that I have anything new to
say, except I think it very mucli depends upon the woman, just
the same as it does upon the man. Not all men will make a
success of bee-keeping, and not all women. If a woman is in-
tensely interested in bees, and has a good deal of pluck, and
grit, and energy, she will make a success of it. If she is afraid
of bees and doesn't care for them, and is not interested
in them, I don't know that she would be very apt to make
a success of it. As to the profit of bee-keeping, I think
there are other profits to be considered than dollars and
cents. The health of many women would be improved, and
they would enjoy a preat deal of profit outside of dollars
and cents. As for me, I am very sure that the profit in
regard to my health would have been a sufficient inducement
for me to have gone into bee-keeping; and I think many
women would find the same thing, besides materially adding
to their finances at the same time.

Pres. York — I think Mrs. Stow said something about
having a man to help her. What do you say about that.
Miss Wilson?

Miss Wilson — I think it would be very advisable — if you
can get one. [Laughter.] I think you can get along with-
out them.

Pres. York — Next, I was going to ask Miss Wilson to
tell about the man that helps her.

Miss Wilson — If you could all have as good a man to
help you as I have to help me, I would advise you all to
have a man.

Mr. Wilcox — Can you tell us any reason why a womar>
producing comb honey cannot make it as profitable as a
man can?

Miss Wilson — I don't know of any reason ; I say it all
depends upon the woman.

Miss Candler — I don't know, only as Miss Wilson says ;
bee-keeping is very nice, very profitable, and very health-
ful.

(Coatinaed next week.)

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed /ree at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal

762

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 2. 1905

The

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable tilasssk,.
By E. E. Hasty, St». B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Gathering Nectar Long Distances.

Conclusive evidence that a ton of honey
was gathered 5 nailes away would be well
worth our consideralion. That which C. M.
Tarr gives on page 652, approximates it some-
what, but without being quite what juries re-
quire to hang a man by. Possible that they
got enough buckwheat from the 4acre field
to flavor decidedly nearly a ton of afternoon
honey, not buckwheat at all — and not a bee
going to the 5-mile fields at all.

Mr. Blunk and His Apiart.

How grand, gloomy, peculiar and solitary
Mr. Blunk looks in his apiary 1 And gentle-
TQen galore in white bosoms look on afar off —
to do him sufficient reverence — or to see him
get stung.

In marching a whole apiary at once, little
by little, <i la Blunk, I once had occasion to
see chat the rear rank soon comes to have
many more flying bees than the front rank,
■even with care and slow progress. Pages 657
and 663.

A National Advertising Committee.

A separate fund for advertising, adminis-
"tered by a committee subject to the National
Association, seems an excellent plan — pro-
vided the scheme that at present has the floor
actually needs mending or supplementing.
Page 662.

A Point on Deeper Section-Cases;

Excellent! Don't have cases so scant in
height that a few sections can by any possi-
bility have to bear the weight of a whole stack
ibove. Crushes things — and crushing, even
if limited to a small fraction of an inch, is
very bad medicine. Covers and walls should
carry the weight. Page 662.

What More the National Association
Should Do.

Wrestling with the question, What more
shall the Association do? the experts go in.
Almost half — ISoutof 2" — do not advise ad-
vertising; 7 out of 27 do advise it; and the
other 7 use language that can be construed to
favor it. Warfare against adulteration is ad-
vised by 12 out of 27. Only 4 come out flat-
footed for helping members sell their honey ;
but 3 more talk in that direction. Although
alone in his class, I think McEvoy gives the
prize answer — because he advises an inside
rather than an outside work, getting bee-
lieepers to ripen their extracted honey better,

and so offer the public a better article. We
read something about beginning at the house
of God — and surely those who start out to set
a wrong world right should take an early
opportunity to attack scandalous wrongs
among themselves— clear up our own door-
yard, and t/ien get after other folks. Page 662.

Number op Bees to Store a Pound op
Honey.

The motto, "Keep all colonies strong,"
which Doolittle quotes and queries about on
page 663, merely needs to be annotated a lit-
tle. Very valuable within proper limits. (Put
it negativels — never let a colony get below
10,000 if you can help it.) Preserve the dif-
ference between "strong" and "extra-
strong." There are times when it is rather a
waste for a colony to be extra-strong. But
also there are times when none but extra-
strong colonies will give you any surplus
worth mentioning.

Single bee thought capable of bringing in,
in the course of its life, an ounce of nectar,
and this the equivalent of a third of an ounce
of honey. This allows 48 bees to store a
pound. I think we have as yet very few such
estimates to lay our hands on. It forced to
guess, without time to hunt data and figure
on them, I should have guessed much less.
Don't want to object exactly to the Doolittle
estimate, but suggest that it should be con-
sidered merely a rare maximum, or theoreti-
cal possibility. A 6-pound swarm numbers
26,400 bees. Let's hive them on empty combs
and reckon with them 45 days after (when the
last of them die). All have their 27 days of
field-work in front of them except say one-
quarter (6600 bees) which have already worked
a-field, some more some less, but the average
not so much as 13V^ days. So from the 26,400
subtract 3300 to even this up, and we have
left 23,100 bees. But the 38th day after hiv-
ing, lOOO additional bees go a-field; and they
work S days before our 45 day period is out.
The 39th day 2000 more go ; and they work 7
days. So on to the end. Thes^e finality addi-
tions fiuure the same as 2370 bee-lifetimes.
Add 2370 to 2.'<, 100 and our real number to
figure on is 25,470. At 48 bees to the pound
these bring in .530 pounds. We will allow
them to use up I'V pounds per day for the 45
days (total, 66 pounds), and look to find 464
pounds of honey in the hive. Manifestly this
is four times as much as we are to expect in
any ordinary circumstances. So, as a standard,
it would be more sane to say 200 bees to store
a pound — and this desirable standard rather
seldom reached.

®ur Bee Kcepincj Sisters

=\

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

J'

"Woman in Industry"

The daily papers tell us that Congress is to
be asked tu authorize a thorough investiga-
tion upon the general subject of " woman in
industry," and as the strenuous individual
who at present holds with no lax hands the
reins of Government, " is said to have been
■consulted and to have expressed warm sym-
pathy with the project," it is quite possible
that something may be doi ug in that direction.

Now the question Ie as to just how much
that is going to affect us of the bee-keeping
sisterhood. Is a congressional committee
likely to swoop down upon us any day, or are

we to have due notice of its coming in ad
Vance, so that we may do some special pick
ing up, and have all trim and tidy in our
yards? And will the said committee come
provided in advance with bee-veils, or are the
sisters expected to furnish them?

We are told that of the 5,320,000 women of
10 years or over engaged in "gainful occupa-
tions "in the United States in 1900,980,025
were credited to agricultural pursuits. Won-
der how many of that number were set down
as bee-keepers. And how many colonies of
bees should be in the care of one of the sis-
ters to take her out of the list of " domestic
and personal service" (there were 2,099,165
of that class) and put her in the list of agri-

cultural pursuers * A single colony would
hardly justify changing the label on a sister;
100 colonies certainly would; but where is the
line?

Perhaps it may be well to wait till those in-
vestigators, or inquisitors, or whatever they
may be, shall get around.

" Touch Not, Taste Not, Handle Not"

On page 720, Mr. Hasty objects to that
sugar-water summer drink with only 2 ounces
of honey in it. All right, Mr. Hasty, let's
strike out the sugar altogether and substitute
3 pounds of honey instead, and make a better
drink of it.

Now as to the really serious objection — the
"drunk " in it. Is it really true that there is
any more alcohol in it than in any effervescing
summer drink? We don't want to go so far
as to object to yea.'t in bread. However, if
there is the least danger in that direction, by
all means let's have nothing to do with it.
Goodness knows, we sisters don't want to
advocate anything to help the saloon business.

Summer's Obsequies

The gentian weaves her fringes,

The maple's loom is red.
My departing blossoms

Obviate parade.

A brief but patient illness,

An hour to prepare ;
And one beloved this morning,

Is where the angels are.

It was a short procession —

The bobolink was there,
An aged bee addressed us.

And then we knelt in prayer.

We trust that she was willing —

We ask that she may be.
Summer, sister, seraph.

Let us go with thee !

In the name of the bee,
And of the butterfly.
And of the breeze— Amen !

—Emily Dickinson.

Dark Honey for Spring Feeding-
Color of Beeswax

I just want to tell Mr. Hasty that he is wel-
come to regard it as proof that " Great minds
run in the same channel " — the fact that two
of his "Afterthoughts" came to me also in
reading the recent copies of the Bee Journal.

I thought that the matter of having plenty
of dark honey for spring use in the brood-
chamber might be overdone, though likely it
seldom is. For myself, it I found it desirable
to feed just before the white honey came
freely, I would prefer good sugar syrup, and
regard a trace of it in the supers as less ob-
jectionable than old, dark honev. Doubtless
the advice was meant to cover earlier feeding
in advance of fruit-bloom. In that case, it is
good advice for the sniall-hitie men. Those
with large hives well filled in the fall would
surely have less of that kind of work to do.

The other " thought " I had that jibed with
Mr, Hasty's, was anent the color of beeswax.
I thought Mr. Dadant's statement that all new
wax is tiihite a remarkable one. I thought that
possibly he meant muliseolored, or cleaji in-
stead of white, as he was talking of travel-
stain in that connection.

With me, the color of freshly-built comb —
where there is no admixture of old wax —
ranges from the snowy through various
shades of cream to what might be termed
straw color or yellow. I had not thought of
the reason for the difference, and am not pre-
pared to accept Mr. Hasty's view of the mat-
ter. I set it down simply as an idiosyncrasy.
It seems to me that is a good deal easier.

My sympathies are with the man looking for

a location. He wants advice from some one

who could give it to him without having at

i the same time ' an ax to grind." If the edi-

Nov. 2, 1905

IHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

763

tor will permit me to say it, I would like to
tell him that Nebraska has the requirementB
he desires. Here in central Custer County
our land has been cbangiD^ baads of late at
double the price it brought five years ago.
Improved farms brirfg somethiog like f'SO per
acre. The price is bound lo advance, as land

to the east is so much higher. Intrinsically
it is no better. We have here a soil that is
unrivaHed, and it is not " drouth-stricken
Nebraska." Our rainfall last summer was
phenomenal. No, gentlemen, I have no land
to sell! (Mrs.) A. L. Amo3.

Custer Co., Nebr., Oct. 16.

/T

\=

T>octov Xttillcr 5 Question Box

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,

or lo Dr. C. C. Millbb, Marengo, 111.

I^" Dr. Miller does twt answer Questions by mail.

1
J

Wlnterlnir Bees-Feeding for Winter
Stores

1. To winter bees outside which would you
prefer, to contract the hive down to as many
frames a9 the bees actually cover, and place a
chaff division board on each side, or leave the
full number of combs!

2. Will not those combs keep the bees just
as warm as the chaff division-boards would?

.3. Last winter I used these division-boards
and my bees wintered fairly well; but all of
my neighbors did not use them, and their bees
came through in fully as nice condition as
mine. Does that not indicate that the division-
boards caused me unnecessary work and ex-
pense?

4 I observed several, times, when feeding
sugar syrup, that the bees flew from the hives
in the morning, and usually a few rods from
the hive, and while on the wing squirted out
a fine stream of liquid. Now, I explained it
in this way: The water which during the
night evaporates from the syrup in the combs
while condensation is going on, is taken by
the bees into their honey-sacs, and in the
morning carried out and excreted. Was I
right? Illinois.

Answers.— !. To leave the whole number.

2. A French authority made experiments
that seemed to prove clearly that they would.
It seems hard to believe tbat there would not
be a gain in having division-boards allowing
no air to pass around them ; but even if there
were some gain it is not likely that it would
pay for the extra trouble and disturbance of
the bees both spring and autumn.

3. It looks that way, provided the winter
was severe as usual.

4. I hardly think so. I don't believe the
bees ever take up water that has evaporated,
unless they are in need of water; but the
water they discharged was that which came
from the thin syrup they had taken into their
honey-sacs.

Sucrose in Honey

I am interested in Prof. Cook's article on
page 710. We have a strict law iu this State
against any adulteration of honey, and ac-
cording to Prof. Cook's argument any of our
honey extracted during or soon after a heavy
flow would show at least traces of sugar. As
this would be enough to condemn it, are not
all the extracted-honey producers in danger
if the State should send out inspectors to
analyze samples of honey, which it is liable
to do any lime? New York.

Answer. — I don't know enough to know
all the possibilities in such cases, but I hardly
think any trouble is likely lo arise. Those
who are empowered to see that the law is not
violated are not likely to be ignorant of the
facts that Prof. Cook gives, and the presence
of such proportion of non-inverted material
as the bees would leave would not be consid-
ered proof of adulteration.

May Be Bee-Paralysis

Last week we had 2 heavy frosts, and since
that time one of my co.onies has been carry-
ing out dead bees. They began this the first

warm day we had after the frost, in the mid
die of the day. They come out of the hive
and crawl around on the ground and act as if
they can't use their wings. Do you think it
can be bee paralysis? Iowa.

Answer — Yes, it may be paralysis. If it
is, you will find the bees moie or less shiny,
and there will be a trembling motion of the
wings. As far north as Iowa you need not
feel very anxious about a case of paralysis.

You say in your letter that you found no
answer to a question you sent some time ago.
I'm a little afraid something went amiss with
that letter, for I never knowingly fail to an-
swer any question sent for reply in this de-
partment. If at any time any correspondent
finds no answer within a reasonable time, it
will be a pleasure to have the question re-
peated; or if any further light on any ques-
tion is needed, by all means try, try again. I
want to help all I can, and will answer just as
far as I know; only it is hardly expected that
any one will send (juestions already fully an-
swered in the bee-books. This department is
meant to supplement the bee-books as fully
as possible.

Darkness In Wintering Rees-
ferrlne Bees, Etc.

Trans-

l. Must the bees have darkness in the win-
ter when they are in the house upstairs?

3. What is the difference between Italian
bees and the common? Which is the better?

3. Can bees be stopped when fighting? If
so, what way is best?

4 What is best to feed bees in winter?

5 I have lost a few colonies of bees in this
manner: I bought 4 colonies and lost 3;
they had worms in the brood-combs, and the
bees were all gone. In some corners there
could be seen bee heads, feet, bodies, etc. By
this it looks as if the worms ate the bees. I
have one colony at which I looked one day to
see how they are ; they had 8 brood-frames
full, in nice and neat order in U days. 1 had
not looked in it for ~ days, and found that
there %vere no worker-bees, but all drones and
worms. What was the cause?

6. I made a hive from a hollow basswood
log 3 feet high and about 22 inches wide, and
put in 3 sets of frames, 2 sets for the brood and
1 set for the super. The brood-frames can
hold about 70 poumisof honey; the bees filled
that, but just stored a little in the super — not
even a pound — and swarmed 5 times. It was
an early spring swarm. Can I stop the
swarming?

7. A neighbor fou nd some bees in the woods
in a basswood-tree, and asked me how I could
put them into a modern hive. I am only a
beginner this year. I have a basswood-tree
near my woods in wdich I know there are
bees. Do you think I could transfer them
into a modern hive? If so, when?

Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. If the bees are in a room
where they can get out into the room, it
should be dark. If a passage-way leads from
the hive to the outside, so that no bees can
get out into the room, then it doesn't matter
whether it Is light or dark. Unless the bees
have such a passage to the outdoor air, up-
stairs is not a very good place to winter them.

2. One difference is in color. Italians have
three yellow bands. There are differences in
disposition, Italians not being so cross, and

very much better to keep the bee-moth in sub-
jection. Italians are quite generally consid-
ered better than blacks.

3. Bees do not generally fight unless they
are fighting robber-bees, or unless bees of 2
colonies in some way get together in the same
hive. I f they are fighting robbers, they ought
to fight, and you can help to end the battle in
any way that will stop the robbing, such as
closing the entrance down to a small size, so
the bees can defend it better. Other things
can be done to prevent robbing, but to give
them all here would take too much space.
Study up the subject in your bee-book, and
watch what is said at different limes in the
bee-papers.

4. Sealed combs of honey of the best qual-
ity. Next to that comes sugar syrup fed
early, say in August or September.

5 The worms are not the cause of the
trouble. Jf a cow dies, and if you leave the
carcass above ground in hot weather, you will
find it full of worms, but it isn't the worms
that killed the cow. Neither is it the worms
that kill the bees. They get in their work
when the colony becomes queenless, dis-
couraged, or too weak to defend itself. The
cases are not exactly parallel, for the worms
do get in some of their work before the colony
is dead. Keep your colonies supplied with
laying queens, keep them strong, and espe-
cially of Italian blood, and you can snap your
fingers at the moths.

6. Yes, when the first swarm issues, hive it
and set it on the old stand, putting the old
hive as closely as you can beside it; then a
week later move the old hive to a new place
some distance away. That will pretty surely
prevent any further swarming.

7. Better not disturb them till they get to
work next spring; then transfer them to
a movable-frame hive as directed in your bee-
book.

Reports anb
(Sxperienccs

The Season of 1905

The past season has been remarkable in this
locality for three things. 1st, for excessive and
long-continued swarming; 2d, for the fact
that the more a strong colony was divided
within reasonable limits, the more surplus
honey was secured; and 3d, but not least, a
most unusual fall flow of honey.

Last fall I put 13 colonies into the cellar.
One of these died, but the other 12 came out
in fine condition. Some one may say 13 is an
unlucky number anyhow. Perhaps it is, but
no more so in my case than 14, for I had that
number of colonies until somebody stole one
in September. I planned lo increase the 12
colonies to 30. For this purpose 3 of the best
were selected for increase by the nucleus plan,
and 4 others for a test of the Alexander plan.
One colony was devoted to the production of
comb honey; all the others were run for ex-
tracted.

The 3 colonies were increased to 15 good
strong ones. The 4 Alexander colonies gave
me 4 new ones. I had to divide the comb-
honey colony on account of excessive swarm-
ing, and 1 hived one natural swarm by itself.
This gave me just 30. All these divisions
were made eariy in the season, and about 25
of them gave more or less surplus honey.

The first lo swarm were some of the lower
stories of the Alexander colonies. Next came
the colonies that were not divided. Soon
after there came the upper stories (or what
had been) of the Alexander colonies. Next
the 3 two-frame nucleus colonies formed by
taking the queen and 2 frames of brood and
bees from the 3 colonies selected for increase
by the nucleus plan. Last of all came the 2-
frame nuclei formed of 2 frames of brood and
bees, each one having reared its own queen.

The first swarm of the season came out
.June 1, the last Aug. 29, making just 90 days'
continuous swarming. About 4 of the nuclei
having reared their own queens did not
swarm. In the spring all colonies, as soon as

764

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 2 1905

they had 6 or 7 frames of brood, were given
an extra brood-chamlier placed under the
first. But no brood was reared in the lower
story in a single instance. All colonies made
preparations for swarming with the lower
story practically empty.

When the honey-flow began, all strong col-
onies were given 3 supers having a capacity
of 40 pounds each. But the bees would
swarm just the same with one or two supers.
When the weather became fairly warm I
raised up each hive from its bottom-board,
and put one-inch blocks under the two front
corners. The bees clustered in this open
space all summer, and ttie hives were not let
down until Sept. 13. When I caged a queen
I could push the cage in on the bottom-board
in the middle of the cluster of bees.

I do not give any upward ventilation, as it
is not a good thing for the bees during the
cold nights which we have in this northern
country.

In regard to the yifild of honey, the colo-
nies not divided gave, in round numbers, 80
pounds each; the colonies treated by the
Alexander plan, 115 pounds, and the 3 colo-
nies run on the nucleus plan, 140 pounds
each. My banner colony for the season gave
me 4 good, strong, new colonies, and the 5
together produced 200 pounds of extracted
honey. They also secured an average of 30
pounds each for winter stores. Will some of
the experts tell us what was the total amount
gathered for the season ?

For the first time in many years there was a
good fall fiow of honey. The last 8 days of
August were almost equal to a good bass-
wood flow. Some colonies gained about 30
pounds each during that time. My last honey
was extracted Aug. 23 and 24, to avoid get-
ting the fall honey mixed with the early white
honey. As it proved, the bees had room for
this late flow in their brood-chambers. This
last extracting was a mixture of clover, bass-
wood, more or less wild flowers, and a little
from goldenrod. It was of a rich, golden color
and very choice flavor. To my surprise it be-
gan to show signs of granulating the first
week in September. By the end of Septem-
ber it was so far advanced that I was obliged
to put it in a warm place to prevent it from
becoming solid. I have never read or heard
of 80 early granulation.

I put 375 extractingcombs outdoors to be
cleaned out by the bees, and fed 100 pounds of
sugar in the open air at the same time with
no trouble from robber-bees. My 30 colonies
are all in flrstclass condition. F. L. Day.
Becker Co., Minn., Oct. 12.

First Year a Success

This is my first year at the bee-business. I
started with 50 colonies, and sold $450 worth
of comb honey, besides increasing my num-
ber of colonies to 95. Besides, I had a 4
months' fine outing for my wife, daughter,
and myself. I attribute it all to the good old
American Bee Journal. I have a lovely place
for an apiary in the mountains, 15 miles from
home. We had a moderately good season.
C. A. Preston.

Orange Co., Calif., Oct. 17.

Apicultural Station in California

The United States Department of Agricul-
ture has now an apicultural experiment Sta-
tion at Chieo, Calif., under the direction of
John M. Rankin, of Washington, D.C. They
make a special study of different races of bees,
bee diseases, and honey-plants.

Mr. Rankin lately made a trip over Califor-
nia; he passed through Tulare County about
the middle of September, and visited a num-
ber of apiaries. He shows great interest in
the business, and makes a ?ery favorable im-
pression.

I believe this experiment station will be of
great benefit for the bee-keepers of California
— one of the largest honey-producing States
of the Union. The bee-keepers are very glad
that the Government has finally done some-
thing for them.

What we really need in this country are cer-
tain kinds of trees, such as shade-trees which
produce honey between fruit-bloom and the
time alfalfa yields, which is between April 1

and July 1. I believe that certain kinds of
eucalyptus will be valuable in this respect. It
certainly will take a number of years lo show
results, and it is of great imporiance that the
Government has taken up tliis kind of work,
which the bee-keepers could not undertake on
account of the expense. Otto Llhdorff.
Tulare Co , Calif.

Bee-KeeplDg in Washington

I came from Indiana to this place a year
ago this month. I have had no experience
with bees, but 1 surely think this is going to
be a grand place for them. I got 3 colonies
in the spring, 2 of which swarmed twice each ;
the other didn't swarm at all, and from it 1
have taken 218 pounds of nice honey.

W. S. Haxton.

Benton Co., Wash., Oct. 5.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois.— The 15th auoual meeliag' of the 111.
idois State Bee Keepeis' Association will be
held in Springfield, on Tuesday and Wednes-
day, Nov. 21 and 22, 1905, in the room of the
Board of Supervisors in the Court House. The
R. R. Rales will be as follows: All lines in the
Western Passenger Association will make an
open rate of one fare plus 25 cents for the round
trip to Springfield, except from near points
where a fare and onethird would be less. All
lines in the Central Passenger Association will
make a similar rate on the Certificate plan, and
if not convenient for any attending our meet-
ing to come over the lines in the Western Asso-
ciation, if they will write me I will send them
certificates which the Grand Secretary of the
I.O.O.F. assures nie your local secretary of the
same order will gladly sign. The Central Pas-
senger Association Lines are as loUows: B. &
O. S..W.R.R.; Big Four Route; C.& E.I. R.R.;
C.H.&D.R'y; I.,I&I.R.R.; J.& St.L. R'y; L.E.
&W.R. R.; L. &N,R. R.; Southern R'y (St.
Louis Div.;) T., P. & W. R'y; T., St. L. & W.
RR.; Vandalia Line; Wabash R. R.,east of
Tolono.

The good results of this annual bee-
meeting rest on the members who attend it.
Our State gives us an appropriation to publish
our report and to suppress foul brood, and it is
the duty of every bee-keeper of the State to
have a voice in the manner in which this ap-
propriation is used. All bee-keepers are invited
to come, and bring their wives. The railroad
rates will not be higher than an open rate of
one fare and a third for the round trip, and ef-
forts are being made by our Odd Fellow friends
to secure a one fare for the round trip. Good
hotel accommodations can always be had at
reasonable rates. Jas. A. Stone, Sec.

Route 4, Springfield, 111.

The Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold a social session at
the Revere House, Dec. 5, 1905, at 10 a.m. At
3 p.m. the same day will be held the regular
annual election of officers. Any other busi-
ness coming before the meeting will be at-
tended to. All who are accustomed to pay-
ing their dues to our Association, thereby
getting two memberships for the price of one,
will please hand the $1 to the secretary, or
mail it to him as usual. The time in the
evening will be given to the National, as will
also the whole of the two following days.
Everyone Is cordially invited to be present,
both at the short sessions of the Chicago-
Northwestern, and at the 7-session meeting of
the National Association.

Herman F. Hooke, Sec.

Park Ridge, 111.

N. B. — Any one paying their dues to the
National Association direct, will have to pay
another dollar to the Chicago-Northwestern,
if it is desired to become a member of the
latter organization also. Hand your dues to
H. F. Moore, the Secretary. H. F. M.

The National Bee-Keepers' Association
holds its annual convention at the Revere
House, corner of Clark and Michigan streets,
in Chicago, during the Fat Stock Show, when
exceedingly low rates may be secured on the
railroads. The dates for the meeting are Dec.
5, 6 and 7. Rates at the hotel are 75 cents for
a room alone, or 50 cents each, where two
occupy the same room. Meals are extra, or
they may be secured at near-by restaurants.
W. Z. Hutchinson, .S'«c.

Jtuynur

Seine good words about our Booklet
on Farm Telephones.

ZZ SweetValley. Pa.. Aug. 15,1905.

■ ■ StromberK-Carlsun Tel. Mfg. Co..

Gentlemen:— Your booklet reached
me safely. You have many valuable
and timely suggestions, and I only hope
that it may find its way into every locality
that does not have the advantage of tele-
phone service. There is no one thing

AT THIS TIME DOING MORE TO BfeiNG THE
FARMER ON AN EQUAL FOOTING IN BUSI-
NESS EDUCATION AND CULTURE. WITH
HIS ITRBAN BROTHER, THAN THE TELE-
PHONE.

As we have two well constructed,
thoroughly equipped, successfully operated
telephone lines in this locality, one known
as the Lake and Lehman Telephone Cu.
and the other The Farmers Telephone and
Supply Co., I can do no more than to wish
you success. Sincerely yours, . ■ ■

A. E. Lewis. 7 7

What Mr. Lewis says about the value
of the telephone in the Farm Home is
seconded by all farmers after they have
once enjoyed the privilege of telephone
service.

We have several booklets which will
tell you how to get a telephone line
started in your community and how to
buy telephones and construction
materials to the best advantage. Ask
for our booklet 80-B, "How the Tele-
phone Helps the Farmer." We will
send you a copy by return mail.

STROMBERG-CARLSON TEL. MFG. CO.

Rochester, N. Y. Chicago. 111.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

I A. 80 F«i
<& 200 Egq
INCUBATOR

Perfect Id coDstmotion ftna
j^tiou. Datchea every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-daj

GEO. H. STAHL, QiDlncy

44A26t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

350 Colonies ol Bees

in fine shape, in 3 apiaries, all of which are
well equipped with houses and fixtures; also
?1000 worth of fixtures. Address,
R. J. ncnURREY, Cold Springs, Tex.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

GET A DANDY"

Ci

the fastest cuttinp bone cutter made,
and double your etrp yield. Sold direct
on 31) days trial. 65 up. Catalogue free

Stratton Mfg. Co., Box 21 Erie, Pa.

Mention Bee Journal when ivrltlng;.

Please medtlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Nov. 2. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

765

Mondeng Automatic

Honey-Box Machine

Capacity, 7,500 per hour,
(The above cut shows the machine operated by one man.)

Self*ieed Hang Circular SaTvs, aad Uouble l>rnni Sanders that
polish both sides at once.

p^ No manufacturer can afford to be without these machines.

Full line of'Section ^lachinery for sale. Write for circulars and prices. Address

CHAS. MONDENG, Patentee,
160 Newton Avenue, North, - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

40Ctf Mention Bee Journal when writlug.

Money in Peeps.— Mauj soccessfal enter-
prises have sprang from tbe most hamble be-
grinnings for, *' Mig'hty oaks from little acorns
grow," is a proverb that fits the poultry busi-
ness better than aoy other industry. The rais-
ing of chickens can be started in a small way
and the flock gradually Increased till one has
just as many birds as ae can handle.

To quickly and successfully accomplish this
the hen nowadays is used only for egg-produc-
tion—an incubator hatches the "peeps." One
of the most modern and at the same time most
successful chicken hatchers is the incubator
known as the Wooden Hen. It is made by
George H. Stahl, of QuincyjU., the well-known
maker of incubators and brooders. The catalog
which this firm issnes is one of the most in-
structive books on poultry-raising which has
been issued in recent years. It is quite elabo-
rate, containing many plates in natural colors,
including views showing the development of
the chick from the egg to the bird. They mail
this book free to all inquirers. Mention the
American Bee Journal when writing.

A Great Offer!

Beginning with Jan. 1 we will discontinue
sending THE MODERN FARMER to any one

the moment his subscription expires, and, in
order to get as many new subscribers to this,
the cleanest and best farm monthly published
on this continent, and to intr' duce it into new
commnnities, we will send a TRIAL subscrip-
tion, one year to NEW subscribers only, for 15
cents in silver. The paper will stop when your
time expires, and will not be furnished any one
whose name is on our list now, at this price.
This offer will only hold good for a SHORT
TIME. Send now before it is withdrawn.
Sample copies free to you and any of your
friends whose names you may send Address.

THE nODERN FARHER,

307 N. 3d Street, ST. JOSEPH, MO.

Bargain in Bee-Supplies

On account of removing from the city, I wish to sell at once the list of bee-supplies given
below. Will sell the lot at less than one-half the present retail prices as shown by Root's cata-
log. They certainly are a big bargain.

7 — 8-frame hive-stands
2— 8-frame wood-zinc boards
2— Danzenbaker Hive-covers
3 — Reversible hive-bottoms
9 — lO-frame dovetailed supers
5 — 10 frame dovetailed winter cases
4 — 8-frame dovetailed supers
9 — 8-frame dovetailed extracting-supers
22— 10-frame dovetailed hives
3 — 8-frame dovetailed hives

75 — M fences

1 — Danzenbaker bottom

alighting-board
10 — 8frame hive covers
16 — Hoffman top-bars
800 — lx5xl;?5 sections (new)

7 — Miller feeders

2 — 8-frame bee-escape boards
25— 8-frame hives (new)
25 — 8-frame 2P supers (new)

and detachable

500 plain sections (new)

$40 will take the lot if ordered at once.

For further particulars, address, MISS M. A. CALDWELIi, 3forton Park, III.
Mention Bee Journal when vrrttlns.

seefl-Tlme anfl
Harvest

is an illustrated Monthly Journal for country
homes. It is known everywhere as the Great
'■Home Industry" Monthly. It is a "Peri-
odical with a Purpose." Its mission is "Teach
Independence Through Home Employment."
Only 25 cents per year; none free.

S66tl-Tim6& Harvest Pub. 6o.

Dept. 208, Scranton, Pa.

45Ctf Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfact ry re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buvine
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

36Ctf KNOXVILLE, TENN

tWJ.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that

he 'prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than

do without it."— A. G.

BAENES' FOOT POWER MACfllNEEY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: "We
. cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last wiuter-
SO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all

yon say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

<><)S Rabv St.. Rnckford, 111.

Mention Bee Journal Tvben writing.

A New Magazine

Would you like the new magazine— written especially f or yott
—to you— by you. nood stories, pretty, serviceable faihions,
household heipe, recipes, letters from subscribers, practical
plans for earning incomes— a charming magazine— worth
many times its price? If bo, send us 25 cents for a year's «ab-
scriptioD, or send poatal for sample copy.

The WOMAN'S JOURNAL

102 Jonrnal Bldg. CHICAGO

If you are interested In Pigeons, Rabbits;
Cavies, Dogs, Cats, Birds or Pets of any kind,
you should send for a tree sample of
PEX STOCK. It's the Best Pub-
lication o< its kind in America.
Has a national circulation, and it's only 50c
a year. Address, PE'l' gi'I'OCK,

■lOCtf Box 20, YORK, PA.

Mention Bee Journal irhen ivrltlng.

BEEF BREEDS

— FOR MONEY ^—

Dr. Walter J. Quick. Indianapo
lis, Ind.. will consider the his
tory, profits and value of beef-
producing- cattle in November

^Blooded Stock

that briclit. active stock paper.

Learn how to feed, breed, fat-
_ ^ ^^ , ten and market. Subscribe!
spend J5c for a year. You can afford it. Do
It now and learn how to make more money.
Blooded Stock, Box 221, Oxford, Pa.

<< It Is cotitlnuous advertisltig
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

766

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 2, 1905

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
le time to buy for next season's use. l,ewis' <iioods at taclory prices. Cat

Cash orders at catalOR prices on such goods as mentioned in special list.

is th<

alog free

Before November 9 percent discount

" December 8 " "

" January 7

Before February 6 percent discount

" March 5 " "

" April 3 " "

Ask for special list now, free.

Honey-Paekagres for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets, Calais .Jars >vilh patent spring
sealers ami class stoppers; regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send -
ii^ samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. If
can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house. ^ „ ^

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Uest service,
lo'«-est Ireight rates, satisfaction to all.

C_a «>^Nr%^T" O f^^^ 1004 EAST Wash. Strebt
Ma OWW I I OC WW* INDIANAPOLIS. IND. -^^ 4"i* ^+
Mention Bee Joarnnl when nrrltlne-

Glass Jars for BoDey

■We can ship by return freight at the

following prices : , o, j ,„

V-lb Jars with corks— 1 case of 31 doz. for

15.50; 3 cases, $15.50.
%-\b. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for

$5 25; 3 cases for $15. ^ ,„ , , ,.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 12 doz., lor $5;

3 cases for $14.

13^ Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inoh Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any ;
good as new. If interested write for price.

YORK HONEY ^su"pp^,^v« CO.

(Not incorporatfd) „ .. t

141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicaltnral Field more
^ completely than any other published,
* send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount* to the Trade.

For Sale-2 5.000 Lbs.rtlned

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound for the lot, or 6}4c

for less, F. J. GUNZEL, W'einer, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the liee Jonrnal.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let as qnote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Ponndatlon, etc., as we can save yon time and
freight Beeawax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bbll Bkanch. Waynb Co., Mich

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Big Discounts
on Bee-5upplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1 .... 4 "

Jan. 1 7 " I April 1 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38A1f Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections |

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

ft ifm DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES — «

W ifl We carry a full line o£ SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog. ^

(^ THE nARSHFlELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., riarshfield. Wis. ft

8 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by M
Cash during November. Send for our Catalog. J^

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. |

1^,^^

^2l"e honey- jars

The No. 25 Honey Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tipnt, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

I gross lots $4.50 per gross

5 " " 4.IJ0 '■

Also in strong UE-SH PPINQ CASES of two-
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect pr* tection —

1 case lots 11.00 per case

S " 95 "

10 " -90 "

E'ght ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 85c

10 •' " " SOc

20 " •' " 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

UAtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Wi sn9.f XZ o% 9 tnojj jsbj pny g .
a W ^E^^^^^^H ^ i

u ■ ■l.-./Fs^il o a a

•^ ^^^^^^^^ . ITI ^^ ' ■ 'T* o^ rv

M ^^i^^ n:!- A ^ <«

bi>^H5r "^'-^ubHHB^^HI a - ^

a -; ° g)

CO ^ '^
^ O * PU'i 1878, '83, 'Oa & 180» t<

Otisvillk, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if i want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re<
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodnbr.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
wood Honey in 60-lb. caos that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 3 caos,
boxed, at 9 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans, at
one time, 8)^ cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYI'uVl^v^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
stale your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaaS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
4lAtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

109 SOUTH WATIR ST. CHIOAQO. ILL.

Nov. 2 \'^^>5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

767

LowestPrici

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 '■

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 6 "

" March 1 4 "

" April 1 2 "

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established INearly 25 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly.
SOc a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN.N.Y.
Mention Bee Journal 'nrhen vrrlttng;.

4- Secstpax-f

'ft —

Chicago, Oct. 5.— The demand for comb
honej ib about as usual lor the season of year.
Offerings irum the surrounding States are f ally
equal to ine past ••eason, but that from Colorado
and the Middle Western States are not. No. 1
to fancy wniie comb honey sells at 13@l4c,
with an occasional sale at 15c; the off grades
embracing crooked combs, elc, sell at ll(»^12c;
amber grades difficult to place at 9(iil0c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6(^7c, according to kind, body
and flavor and package; ambers 5H@6J^ cents.
Beeswax selling npon arrival at SOc if clean;
off grades abuut 2c per pound less,

R. A. BURNBTT A Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 6.— Reports from differex
parts of the coau ry give evidence of an almost
total failure in the comb honey crop, excepting
the points tn ihe North. We are selling this
Northern comb honey at from 14(*?^16 cents per
pound, by the ca&e. The demand for extracted
honey is ahout equal to the receipts, which are
good. We continue to sell amber in barrels at
55i@6c; white clover at 6H@7J4c. For beeswax
we are paying SOc per pound, cash, delivered
here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mistakably
expects to r-ceive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

Thb Prbd W.Muth Co.

Ineianapolis, Oct. 12.— There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De-
mand for low r grades of comb honey not good.
Numerous shipments of honey arriving, but no
one producer seems to have very great quanti-
ties to offer. I quote fancy white at 15(a*t6c;
No. I in poor demand at 12c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade extracted brings 8@9c in 60-lb.
cans; amber slow at 5c. Beeswax. 28@30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

Albany, N. Y., Oct. 23.— Honey demand is
belter this week The weather is cooler and
more inclination from grocerp to stock up. We
quote: Fa8c> white comb, ISc; No. 1, 14c; No.
2, ISc; mixed, 12ig)l3c; b ckwheat,No. 1, 12@13c;
No. 2, ll(al2c. Extracted, white. 7c; mixed,
6Xc; buckwheat, 6Hc. Beeswax, 2^«} 32c.

U. R. Wright.

Philadelphia. Oct. 19.— Honey has been ar-
riving freely in the last lOdays. There are still
some small producers who have a few hundred

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

8 Percent Oiscount

For Cash Orders Received in

^ NOVEMBER ^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER -r

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

pounds, and want to dispose of it quickly and
get their money, who are keeping the prices
down. We quote: Fancy white, I4@l6c; No. 1,
lS@l4c; amber, 10@llc. Extracted honey rules
firm at Si^f^b^c for amber; 65^@7^c lor white.
Beeswax firm, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Kansas City, Oct. 9.— The honey market
here at present is very strong ai $S 25 per case
for No 1 and fancy white comb in 24~section
cases; amber and oiher grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at b%c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons a Co.

Toledo, Oct. 17— The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the same as
last quotations. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, I4c; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, iu barrels, 6K@65ic;
amber, in barrels, 5@5Kc; in cans, Ic to l^^c
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

Cincinnati, O., Oct. 24.— The nice weather
holds back the deniand tor comb honey, crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the price high. We quote fancy
water-white comb honey No. 1 white clo er
from 14(a»lbc; No. 2 from 12^@14c. Extracted
seems to be more plentiful. In barrels, light

amber, SK@5Hc;
clover from 7@8c,

in cans. He more. WhK
Beeswax, 28@S0c.

C. H. W. Wbbbr.

New York, Oct. 20.— Comb honey is now ar-
riving very freely and the demand is good for
nearly all grades. We quote fancy white at
13(y 14c; No. l.ll@12c; amber, lO^llc, and buck-
wheat, lOc- Extracted in good demand. Arri-
vals of California ate la ge while from other
sources receipts are very light. We quote Cal-
ifornia at from 54(5i7c per pound, according to
quality and quantity; Southern in barrels and
half-barrels, at 55@60c per gallon. Beeswax
firm and scarce at 29@30c.

HiLDRBTH A SBOBLKBN

San Francisco, Oct. 18.— White comb, 1-lb,
sections, 8@9cents; amber, 6'm1c. Extracted-
water-white, 5@ — c; white, 4^@4Kc; light am-
ber, S^@4 cents; amber, S@3>6c; dark amber,
2H@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 25@27c.

The honey market continues featurete&s, ex-
cept for the obvious disinclination of apiarists
to sell at the ruling quotatioas and the inabil-
ity of the dealers at the present wriiiag to offer
more. Five cents per pound for extracted honey
seems to be as high a figure as dealers are able
to cont*act for, and even at this figure they are
extremely reluctant to buy. Comb honey brings
9c, strictly choice basis, and the transactions
at that figure are very limited. Lately, how-
ever, there are rumors that growers are begin-
ning to let gn of some of their holdings at the
figures mentioned.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in Noronip shipping

CASES. ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER. QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE. AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT, AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI. OHIO.

New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would pa^y those having u in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est Eipot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and styleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Coi-O., ana Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Until furmer n^,iice, fiaeot quality new crop
California Water White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam-
ples, and stale quantity you want.

HILORETH & SEGELKCN ^

26S& 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y.
34Atf Please mentioi the Bee Jouraal.

768

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 2, 1905

''Meet Me at Chicago'" lewis'

Are You Going to the National Bee-Keepers'

Convention at Chicago, Dee. 5, 6, 7 ?

K so, be sure to make your headquarters

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ins^ Convention and city. Respectfully,

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

- iSB! :»'- Slki iK "K la^ ■•'C; 'OL s^ -^

I. m'm. -Wftr. .WAW. Jtik. j^lir. j^jf. j>^- jwt jiA'- -*1^

'[(i? '■J"' 'l.fjf '".f !•" ^f!*' ''.f'!'^ '".f F^ 'M'J^ ''flr '".fv '"J

JUST THINK OF IT !

LEWIS' 10. 1 FINE

WHITE POLISHED

SECTrONS

1 000 ■ @$4.60 per thousand

2,000 @ *-48

3,000 @ 4.3r

4,000 @ 4 25

5,000 @ 4 14

10,000 @ 3 91

25,0U0 @ 3,68

50,000 @ 3.49

IF ORDER WITH CASH IS SENT IN.THIS
MONTH

as these prices are net after November discount is deducted.

Hives and Other Supplies Proportionately
Cheap

Send for Catalog Containing Discounts and
List of Agents

Q. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

WEEKLY-SI. OO A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,, 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., NOVEMBER 9, 1905

No. 45

?'f'i?'^i,*'f>

mm

f:^s?:f^,^|?:1^^g|p,^

^^^SI^^SI^^^

APIARY OF B. E. CRAVEN, OF ROSEAU CO., MINN.
(See paue 774)

mm^

•*Jit'*W'*M'*M-*M^M-*M'*M-*-i

^t^ I I^^K^^P^Sl^^^f^s^i^f^f^l^

770

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLRNAt

Nov. 9 • I'S

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV

6E0RGE W. YORK &CONPAINY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal fa
fl.iHJ a year, in the United Stales, CHnariii, and
Mexico; allothercountries in ihe Postal Union, i>u
cents a year extra for posiaRc, Sample copy free,

THE WRAPPER-I..ABETJ DA7^E indicates the
end of the month to which your subscript io ■ ispai.i.
For instance, *"deco5" on your label shows thai it la
paid to the end of Dtcember.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTs.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on yourwrapper-Iabel. which shows
tbat the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and deiend its members in their
lawful rifirht«.

3d.— Toentorce laws against th& adulteration of
boney.

Annual Membership Dues, $i-oo
General Manager and Trenanror —

N. K. FuANCE, Platteville, Wis.

|3f I ( more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
onbhstiers of the American iiee JuuraaL

Tiie Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUBS

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 2i 0 colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied Interests of bee-keeping.

Gboroe W. York, Manager,

3a4 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
J905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW subscription with $i.iio for the
Bee Journal a year. Now is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R.
Accounting

$50 to $H 0 per month salary assured ourgraduates
under bond. You don't pay us until you have a
position. Largest system of telegraph schools in
America. Endorsed by all railway officials. OPER-
ATORS ALWAYS IN DKMAND. Ladies also ad-
mitted Write lorCatalut;-

MOR8E School of Telegraphy.

Cincinnati, O. BufTiilo.N.Y. Atlanta. Ga. LHCrosse.
Wis. Texarkana, Tex. San Francisco, Calif.

29Al7t

Please mention the Bee Journal

Now is tlieTimdo Order

Your Bee-Hives, Seclions, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list o( goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal irhen irrltlns.

■*%<*■ ■<■'#£■ -^li*- -*'lj'- -■li'- ■■lli'- ■iA'L- .^%kr ■*#''• .■t<'. .*#''' .«'#>'■ .«!'. Vftir. .»#Sr. .Wiir. .a'Air. Wftir. Wilr. vftir. .•#«. .«4i>. .*Ai

-^t^ -'!#.■» '.9^ '.t^ ■»,$?■ -'.fF^^ -'4^ 'i#» '.$s '.•* '^I.* -^^s -^f.*- -^#T^f^ -^t.* -^f.* -^#.» -^f.*- -f#!»- ■.♦•■ -^f)

<< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods aiRooi'sFriCGs

Evervthing- used by Bee Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .*. .*. .*. Catalog Free.

If you wi&h to purchase fine&t quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for ray
free monthly pticelist of honey.

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEA50N'S USE and avail
yourself of the following \ery liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

For cash orders before Dec. 1 -S percent I For cash orders Vefore Feb. 1.-6 percent

For cash orders before Jan. 1. .7 percent | For cash orders before Mar. 1..4 percent

For cash orders befoie Apr. 1..2 percent

WALTER S. POLDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

TfP Tf? T#TTfTT#.*" T0,»' 'i#.»" 'il?'' T|." ■'^f .• '?•» 'ft? '<?•.• '<?•.■' «!•.■• tw^ "!••• '?♦.* ^1.* tfF ifF >#,» *
Mention Dee Journal irhen -vrrltlng.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION r'.\ BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working- Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QVS. DITTMER,

Augusta, Wis.

Moneu Saved is Money Made

Bee-Supplies bought NOW are subject to a generous discount from our regular low
prices. We do this to keep our factory busy. Send us a list of what you need and we
will make you a price by return mail that will convince you.

If you want a catalog that is more than a price-list — that contains valuable infor-
mation on bee-keeping— you must hurrj to have your name placed on our mailing-list.
Only a limited number will be printed. It's free, of course.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

When attending the National Bee-Keepers'
Convention at Chicago,

COME AND INSPECT

LEW^IS' BEE-WARE

AND MAKE VOUK HEADQUARTERS AT

YORK HONEY ^s^u^pp^l^^ CO. (^nc )

141 Outario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559
Catalog and prices on Honey on application.

If you want

H. M. AKND, Oood Woods at Factory Prices and Prompt Ship-

Mgrr. ment, send your orders, or call on us.
BEESWAX WANTED-26-cash, or iSc when taking Bee-Sopplies in exchadge-delivered here.
8 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN NOVEMBER.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal ffvSiiff

Nov. 9, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

771

"DADANT'S rOUNDATION" I

AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

•#

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. Slbs. 10-lbs. 25 lbs.

SO lbs.

...48
...50
...55

...58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

•' October 9 "

Medium Brood 55 53 51 49. . .

Light Brood 57 55 53 51. . .

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56. . .

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63 61 59. . .

" November

" December

" January

" February

" March

8 "

7 "

6 "

4 "

2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb foaudation made easily and

?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50~ca8b
with order. Address,

ADRIAN OETAZ,

4SAlf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

^~J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he **prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Mention Bee Journal ^vlien writing.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

THIS IS
THE LOCK

corner that we have told
you about, and as you will
see it can't warp nor split
olf as it passes by and nails
firm to the side. Prices right
— quality right — workman-
ship right.

Our discount discounts everything. Postal
gels a circular.

THe Wood B66-fllv6 & Box Go.

LANSING, MICH.

' 39Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

* "^ B66 ■ SUDDlieS ! I

We carry a large slock and greatest ^^

variety of everythins needed in the ^'

Apiary, assuring best goods at lowest ^

!^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus- ^]

1^ trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^

..a. Write at once for Catalog, either English or German languatre. ^

^ KRETCHMfcR MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa. ^;

^ AGENCIES — ^•

^ Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. &.

■^ Shu^art &Ouren, Council BlnSs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^

^^ Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Anlonio, Tex. ^^

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how thej live anti thrive.
You can't have healthy, proHtoblo
fowls or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all Insect vermin and
ma ken sittinir hens cnmfortable.
Sample lOc; lOO oz.. H.OO by expreM.
O. K. STOCK FOOn CO..
D. J. Lambert, Vlce-Prew.
406 MoBOB Blde.« Cblcaeo* UL

Get \m Subscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

I Bee-Reepers'
I Early Disconnts

X Now is the Time to .send in your

X order for goods for use next season,

0 and for all orders where cash accompa-

C nies we allow the following discounts :

0 Before October 1 deduct 10 percent

0 " November 1. . "

K " December 1. . "

S " January 1, . .. "

§ " February 1. . . "

0 " March 1 •■ .

0 •' April 1 "

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest. Can take Honey and Beeswax
in e.\cbange for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Cataloir. It de-
scribes and illnstrates everything for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Monroe Street,
TOXjH3IDO,

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlnar.

772

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 9 1905

A GOOD INVESTMENT

i6;, Percent Interest. Abso utely Safe. A Chance for Bee-Keepers Only.

Read again what Editor Yorli says regarding it on page 661, Sept. 21, American Bee Journal.

Discounts for Early Cash Orders

For casli orders before Nov. 1 9 percent

Dec. 1 8 "

.Jan. 1 7 "

For casli orders before Feb. 1 6 percent

Mar. 1 4 "

" Apr. 1 2 "

The above are the discounts which we offer for early cash orders.

You will notice that after .January, the discount drops 2 percent a month ; and if we find that advancing prices of mate-
rials do not warrant the larger discount, we reserve the right to reduce the amount.

Orders may be sent to any Branch House or Dealer

Well-known Dealers

The Large Stocks
Shipping Points
Prices, Discounts
Other Dealers

®^ Local Dealers

The dealers, whose names follow, are well known to bee-keepers. They have been, for the
most part, long established in the bee-supply trade, and have a knowledge of the business
most valuable indeed to the beekeeping fraternity. Their advice may be had on any question
of Supplies, etc., for the asking.

Nowhere else is it possible to find such well-assorted stocks of goods for bee-keepers as are
carried by dealers in Root's Goods. No matter whether you require a little Scent article or a
carload of goods, these dealers can serve you promptly. Stocks are frequently carried amount-
ing to $5000 and upward.

You will observe that these dealers have excellent shipping facilities — guaranteeing you
quick delivery and low freight rates.

The prices, terms, discounts, etc., are identical with the home oftioe at Medina (with rare
exceptions). Full particulars maybe had before ordering, it desired, by writing the dealer
nearest you. You can, however, use our Medina catalog and terms, and, if any variation, your
dealer will advise yeu, if requested, before shipping.

Besides the following list, there are many others who handle some of Root's Goods. The
following is by no means complete for hundreds of dealers come to us for many of the goods
of which we are the exclusive manufacturers, hisist on getting Jiout's Ooods.

In addition to the following list who carry large stocks, and furnish at both wholesale and
retail, we have in every State a large number of local dealers who handle our goods exclu-
sively. As there are over .500 of these dealers, space will not permit giving their names at this
time; but infojmation wUl be given by us, on request, to any bee-keeper regarding the dealer
nearest him handling Root's Goods.

CANADA

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.

COLORADO
Fruita Fruit and Produce Association,

Fruita.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co., Denver,
Colo.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
The A. I. Root Co., Washington, D.C.

GEORGIA
Howkins & Rush, 124 Liberiy Street,
Savannah, Ga.

INDIANA

Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.
Vickery Bros, Evansville, Ind.

IOWA
.Joseph Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa

ILLINOIS ,
The A. I. Root Co., 144 E. Erie Streetj
Chicago, 111.

KANSAS
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co.,
Kans.

MISSISSIPPI

George A. Hummer, Brazelia, Miss.

MASSACHUSETTS

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston,

Mass.
W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass.

MAINE

The A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.

MARYLAND

Rawlings Implement Co., Baltimore,
Md.

MICHIGAN

M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.

MINNESOTA

The A. I. Root Co., 1024 Mississippi
Street, St. Paul, Minn.

nissouRi

.John Nebel A: Sod, High Hill, Mo.

NEW MEXICO

Edward Scoggin, Carlsbad.

NEW YORK

The A. I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
The A. I. Root Co., 44 Vesey St., New
York City, N i".

OHIO

McAdamsSeed Co .Columbus Grove, O.
Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St , Toledo,0.
C. H. W. Weber, 21415 Central Avenue,
Cincinnati, O.

PENNSYLVANIA

Prothero & Arnold, Dubois, Pa.
The A. I. Root Co,, 10 Vine Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

TEXAS

Texas Seed A: Floral Co., Dallas, Tex.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.

VIRGINIA

W. E. Tribbett, Spotlswood, Vi

SpringBeld Seed Co., Springfield, Mo.
Blanke & Hauk, St. Louis, Mo.

The following buy our goods in carload lots, but supplement them with local-made goods.

ALABAHA OREGON TEXAS

J M .Jenkins Wetumpka, Ala. Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg. D. M. Edwards, Uvalde, Texas.

CALIFORNIA

California National Honey Producers' Association, Los Angeles. Madary Planing Mill, Fresno, Calif.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Oliio.

®®

injkm^p^

▼▼▼▼▼

(Entered at the Post'Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter)
Published "(Veekly at «1.00 a Year by Ceorge W. Tork & Vo„ 334 Dearborn St.

OBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, NOVEMBER 9, 1905

Vol, XLV— No. 45

The American Bee Journal is absolutely an independent publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves to be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 45th year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during its long and honorable history.

,r=

(f bttortal Hotcs ^ (Eommcnts

v=

=\

=j

Chicago-Northwestern Convention

Just after the forms of last week's Ameri-
can Bee .Journal were closed, we learned that
the managers of the annual Chicago Fat Stock
Show, previously announced for Dec. 2 to 9,
was postponed for two weeks, or Dec. 10 to
23, on account of delay in getting structural
steel for the new amphitheater building.

On account of this, the Chicago-Northwest-
ern Bee-Keepers' convention will be held on
Tuesday, Dec. 19, at 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.

We xiippose the National convention will
also be postponed for two weeks, which would
make it Dec. 19, 20 and 21, as the low railroad
rates will not be in force during the first week
in December, but will be from Dec. 16 to 23.
By another week doubtless something definite
can be announced concerning the National.

Improvin}!; the Stock of Bees

Much has already been said in these col-
umns about breeding from the best, so as to
improve the stock, but so long as not 1 bee-
keeper in 10, if indeed 1 in 50, practices any-
thing in that line, no excuse need be made
for frequent reference to the subject. This
time is given the practine of an Australian
bee-keeper, Chas. U. T. Burke, who says in
the Australasian Bee-Keeper :

" When I got rid of the undesirable races I
started to work to get equal workers and
honey-gatherers in each hive. The first good
season one colony would give a yield of say 200
pounds of huney for the season ; another a
yield of 150 pounds; another 100 pounds; and
yet another only 50 pounds of honey for the
season, so that something was evidently
wrong, considering that all colonies were
equalized and had a fair start at the com-
mencement of the season. I reared queens

from the 200-pound yield, and cut off the
heads of queens from colonies yielding 50
and 100 pounds of honey, and replaced them
with young queens from the high yielders.
Next year a similar thing occurred, though
the number of low yielders was not so great ;
among them being some of the high yielders
of the year before. I still kept on breeding
queens from the high yielders to replace the
low yielders, until after 8 years of such ex-
perience I have a fairly good average lot of
yielders, with only an exceptional one now
and again being a low yielder, which at once
dies."

Wax-Worms for Fish-Bait

Drone-larvK" have been commendedlas bait :
but now comes Arthur Goldsborough, in
Gleanings in Bee Culture, and says that the
lar»;e of the bee-moth is away ahead — ''so
tough that they can not be nibbled off, and
one larva will caich several fish." Easy to
start a hatchery for wax-worms, but they re-
quire rather expensive food.

Prevention of Swarming

More and more it is becoming customary,
especially among bee-keepers who have out-
apiaries, to follow some plan of management
that shall, so far as possible, dispense with
the annoyance of swarming. So it is always
interesting to learn the management of those
who are successful, even if there be nothing
particularly original in that management.
Here is the plan of one of the veterans, J. E.
Crane, as given in the Bee-Keepers' Review :

" Open every populous hive, and, if prepar-
ing to swarm, either remove the queen and
cut all the queen-cells having larvie more
than three or four days old; or, if the queen
has been previously removed, cut out all
queen-cells, and, later, give all such a virgin
queen. The queen removed, if vigorous, can,

with a comb of brood and a few bees, be made
the nucleus of a new colony. Instead of
treating all colonies in this way, I prefer to
shake the strongest colonies upon empty
combs (if I have them) or full sheets of foun-
dation, using the combs of brood for building
up weaker colonies, or any nuclei that have
been started."

A point upon which light is needed is as to
that word " later." Mr. Cranesays, " Cut out
all queen-cells, and, later, give all such a vir-
gin queen." One's understanding as to Itow
//(!((■/( later might make all the difference be-
tween success and failure.

It would be interesting to know, also,
whether a swarm ever issues with the virgin

queen given. "

*'

Nominations for the National

On page 694 is given the list of names sent
in by postal card to General Manager France
as the names of those whom the different
members desired to be considered as candi-
dates for the respective oflioes, 3 to 12 names
being attached to each office. The Bee Keep-
ers' Review publishes the list, and then says;

"And now I hope that Bro. France will
bear with me if I make a few criticisms. Two
years ago the Directors voted that the Gen-
eral Manager should call for a postal-card
vote, and ' the two men receiving the greatest
number of votes for each respective otHce are
to be candidates for said office; the names of
the nominees and the offices for which they
are nominated to be published in the bee-
journals.'

■' What I object to is the publishing of the
names of more than two of the candidates,
and of indicating which man has received the
greatest number of votes. Almost the sola
object of this informal ballot is that we may,
if we so desire, occasionally elect a new man
to office. We wish to place before the mem-
bers two candidates with equal chances for
election, or as nearly equal as it is possible
for us to make them. The man already in
office has an advantage, but by dividing up
the opposition vote among half-a-dozen others
he is almost sure of election.

" Another thing: Don't tell who has the
greatest numt)erof votes. Say that .John Doe
and Richard Doe have received the greatest
number of votes. It you say that .John Doe
had the greatest number, and Richard Doe the
next greatest number, thai praclically elects
.John Doe, and that is the very thing ihat we
wish to avoid.

" As I have already said, we wish to bring
two candidates before the voters with as
nearly equal chance of election as it is pos-
sible. If we give the names of half-a-dozen
candidates, and tell which one received the

774

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 9 1905

greatest number of votes, we have practically
destroyed the value of the intortnal ballot,
and might just as well hold our elections
without any nominations.

" As it is, the very object that the Directors
had io view is defeated by the manner in
which the results of the ballot are published."

That the General Manager has gone beyond
the letter of his instructions there can be no
question. But are not the Directors also to
blame for upholding him in such action? For
he did precisely the same thing a year earlier,
and they have at least winked at his action
by keeping silence, for it is hardly to be sup-
posed that he would have done the same thing
again it any vigorous objection had been
made by them.

But did the Board of Directors actually con-
template such action as the Review desires?
Evidently the Review reads into the ruling
something more than is to be found there,
making it read that the two men receiving the
greatest number of votes are to be candidates.
But the rule does not say they are to be " the
only ■' candidates; not even that they are to
be " the " candidates; only that they " are to
be candidates."

Grant, however, that it was the intention
to make them the only candidates— for there
is no denying that specially naming as candi-
dates the two receiving the greatest number
of votes looks no little in the direction of
making them the only ones — would the
course desired by the Review be a wise one?

The Review is speaking close to the mark
when it says: "Almost the sole object of
this informal Ballot is that we may, if we so
desire, occasionally elect a new man to ofBce. ' '
Perhaps not exactly that, either. A man is
not especially desirable simply because he is
new. Other things being equal, a new man
is not so good as one having had previous ex-
perience in the same office. But for years it
had been the custom to vote for the same set
of men over and over again, just because there
Wis no chance to Und out what any one else
thought as to fit names for the place. Some
of the officers themselves felt that the exist-
ing state of things was not desirable — not to
say that they thought it intolerable. The

ground for the difficulty was that there was
no meeting face to face of the members, no
chince to compare notes, no chance to know
what others thought, no suggestion of any
new name, and when the time came to send
ballots by mail the old members were re-
elected year after year. The idea of the pre-
liminary nomination by postal card was to
get away from this as far as possible, and to
get as near as possible to a meeting in person
where all names are announced as well as the
number of votes received by each. What would
be thought if, at any meeting of a deliberative
body, an informal ballot should be taken, and
the entire proceeding should be kept secret
except the announcement that Smith and
Jones received more votes than any other, but
no member should know which got the higher
number of votes? It that were the right pol-
icy, then it should be carried just one step
further, and only have the name announced
of the one receiving the most votes.

The Review says, " It we give the names of
half a dozen candidates, and tell which one
received the greatest number of votes, we have
practically destroyed the value of the informal
ballot." Did the Review ever know of an in-
formal ballot being taken where those voting
met in person without that very thing being
done to which it objects? If the Review is
right, then the value of the informal ballot is
always practically destroyed. On fnrther
thought, however, it will probably modify its
views on that point.

Instead of keeping things in the dark, let
there be still more light, and let not only all
names be given, but the number of votes for
each.

Failure Qood for Beginners

J. A. Green very sensibly remarks in Glean-
ings in Bee Culture:

"It is sometimes a real misfortune for a
man to have two or three good seasons at his
start iu bee-keeping. He is building on a
false foundation. It takes several years to
find out what an average is in bee-keeping.
When disaster comes, as it is sure to sooner
or later in the shape of a poor season, he is
not as well prepared to meet it as if his earlier
experiences had been less flattering."

r

\=

ITItsccUaneous Hetps 3tcm5

J

Julia Ida Montleng, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Charles Mondeng. of Minneapolis,
was married to Ernest W. Langdon, on Oct.
30. Our heartiest congratulations are hereby
extended to Mr. and Mrs. Langdon.

The Illinois State Convention of bee-
keepers will be held in the Board of Super-
visors' room in the Court House in Spring-
field, 111., Tuesday and Wednesday, Nov. 31
and 23. It is hoped that there may be a large
attendance of Illinois bee-keepers. Reduced
rates have been arranged for on the railroads.
See notice on another page for further par-
ticulars.

Chicago •North western Convention.

— As will be seen by Secretary Moore's notice
on another page, there will be a meeting of
the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Asso-

ciation on Tuesday, Dec. 19, at the Revere
House, where the last two or three meetings
have been held. The forenoon session at 10
o'clock will partake of a social nature, and
the afternoon session, at 2 o'clock, will be
mainly for business.

It is hoped that there may be a large at-
tendance to welcome those who come to be at
the National convention, which will likely
meet in the evening of the same day (Deo. 19).

All who desire to have their dollar pay a
year's membership in both the Chicago-
Northwestern and the National Association,
will need to mail it in advance to the Secre-
tary-Treasurer of the former Association, Mr.
H. F. Moore, Park Ridge, 111., or hand it
to him during the sessions of the conventions.
One dollar paid to .Mr. France will simply
pay a year's membership in the National, and
not in any other association also. But a dol-

lar paid to Mr. Moore will pay the annual
dues in both.

The Apiary of E. E. Craven is shown
on the first page. He wrote us that the trees
are apple, plum and cherry. He uses Sim-
plicity hives exclusively, and says they some-
what resemble Jacob's coat.

Mr. Orel li. Hershiser, of Erie Co.,
N. Y., writing us Oct. 2", reported as follows :

" I have had a fairly good honey season.
My honey crop amounts to over 16,000 pounds.
Bees are in fine condition for winter. I will
winter upwards of 300 colonies. I am getting
good prices for honey."

As Mr. Hershiser is a lawyer, he mixes law
and bee-keeping, and the result thereof seems
to be all right.

Mr. Chas. M. Darrow, lioute 1, Milo,
Mo., while away from home on Sunday, Oct.
22, lost by fire nearly everything he had ex-
cept a team, wagon and harness, bees, one
cow, and two stacks of hay; with insurance
of about half the value. Mr. Darrow is a
queen-breeder, and had calls for a large num-
ber of his queens during the past season. We
understand he has on hand several hundred
requests for prices on queens for 1006. Any
others desiring his queen price-list can write
for it. More queen patronage will help him
out on his fire loss.

Prof. A. J. Cook, as most of our readers
know, sailed for Europe last August. Last
week we received the following letter from
him, dated Oct. "34:

Dear Mb. Tokk: — We are charmingly
located, like Paul, in our own hired house —
only we are here in grand, old Berlin. It is
good to be in such a great university town,
and I am big with regrets that it had not been
my fortune years ago.

We are at Heilbronner Strasse 30, Berlin,
Germany, and shall be here till April 1, 1906,
after which we shall see south Germany, Aus-
tria, Italy, Switzerland, and the Fiords of
Scandinavia, Please say this editorially, if
you will be so kind. My friends wish to
know niy whereabouts.

We are in the finest part of Berlin, but, oh 1
it is not America. Every day we say. Give us
America. Ever yours truly,

A. J. Cook.

Prof. Cook will continue to write regularly
for the American Bee .fournal. We have an
article from him on the European honey mar-
kets and prices, which we will publish in
December.

Jos. 51. »Iartin, a 150 colony beekeeper
located in St. Joseph Co , Ind., called on us
last week. He had 09 colonies last spring,
and increased mainly by dividing. His honey
crop was about 600 pounds of extracted and a
fair amount of comb honey.

Mr. Martin usually at this season of the
year gets bees from neighbors who would
sulphur them anyway for their honey. He
simply shakes them out of the boxes (in
which they are) on combs of honey in modern
hives. He is quite successful in wintering
such transferred bees. Possibly many of our
readers could get bees in that way it they
have the extra hives and combs oi honey
necessary. Surely, any man would prefer to
give the bees away rather than sulphur them,
as he would still have the honey left, and
would also be saved the trouble of sulphuring
the bees.

Nov. 9 1905

IHt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

775

4- Contrtbutcb -f
Special drticlcs

=\

Meeting Bee-Keepers at Fairs, Etc.— A Solu-
tion of the Question of High-Priced
Bee-Supplies

BY F. GREINER

TO meet the people who are engaged in the same business
we are, affords, to say the least, considerable pleasure,
and the beekeeper who does not from time to time mingh^
with his brother bee-keepers misses a great deal, 1 dare say,
although in turn he often has to suffer great inconveniences
and hardships, for the great majority of men have queer ideas
of their rights and liberties, i. e., they disregard entirely the
rights and comforts of their fellow men, the women and the
children. Sellishness reigns supreme. This is sad but true.
I am unfortunately sensitive or susceptible to tobacco, and
always suffer untold misery when I come in contact with
smokers and chewers.

There were gathered about the honey exhibit at the New
York State Fair a large circle of prominent honey-producers,
and the topics of the day were discussed. I failed to find one
who had joined The Honey-Producers' League. All seemed
to be rather shy of this new organization of honey-producers,
Ttiit/i the honey-producers left out .'

High prices of bee-keepers* supplies was the universal
lamentation. Oue of the most extensive bee-keepers said : " It
is claimed that /don't kick on high prices, which Is true; but
the fact is, I never bought but one bee-hive of the manufac-
turers, which fact, however, is not mentioned."

Another experienced old bee-keeper incidentally said :
" Manufacturers have gotten in a way of making bee-hives so
complicated that ordinary mortals with no elaborate ma-
chinery can make them."

Here are two points which I wish to emphasize. In the
first place, if prices are really so high as to give an unduly
large profit to the manufacturer, why not follow the example
of our first-mentioned friend ? Why buy ? I am not sure
that our bee-supply manufacturers are making too large
profit. I never bought but 10 bee-hives and outsides for 100
supers, and those I considered I bought reasonably. Generally
I make my own hives ; this I have practiced for 30 years, and
shall continue it, although lumber is now up to $20 per 1000
feet

I have of late been pricing gasoline engines, and find that
it would require the cash outlay of about $100 to rig up for
bee-hive making. I doubt if I myself am any more of a me-
chanic than the average bee-keeper, but I would say that I
can get up as good and serviceable a hive as any regular bee-
supply manufacturer, using a much more inferior outfit, with
the exception of the circular saw, than even the SlOO rigging
mentioned above.

But — and now I am coming to the other point : My hives
are not of tliat complicated nature that the modern hives are
as sent out by the big factories. Let us review the history of
hive-making.

When Langstroth made his first hive, all hive-parts were
cut off sijuare. This answered the purpose. The frames were
made as simple as they could well be made. The length of
top-bar required it to be made heavy, which again re(|uired its
being rabbeted at the ends. This rabbeting gave us, as an in-
cidental advantage, great rigidity of the frame, and consti-
tuted about the only difticnlty in hive-making. All other
work was cutting off square and nailing, ano some rip-sawing,
of course. Soon, however, hive-making was greatly improvecl.
The boards had to be mitered. With the help of an iron frami'
the 4 boards were held in shape till nailed. And not to forget,
1 must mention the beautiful but iindesirable bevel at top and
bottuin of the hives. It was a marvel to me, how it was pos-
sible to cut them so perfect that one would fit on the other :
also the tops, etc. I began to think that i might as well give
up the struggle of hive-making, but for some unaccountable
reason — perhapsobstinancy — I continued in my bungling way.
It was another complicated piece of business to get up a
chaff-hive of the older pattern, one requiring mechanical
skill to put it up. I refrained from following suit, and made
my own in a simple fashion. They are good to-dav. __:

The dovetailed hive, Danzenbaker, etc, came last, and
the Hoffman-frame. I allowed my better judgment to run
away with that "desire" to be up to-date with the rest, and
the best, and so purchased 10 up-to-date hives with Hoffman-
frames, and 20 up-to date fence supers with plain sections.
This I have regretted ever since, although I believe I bought
them cheap. I greatly prefer the loose-hanging frame to any
other, be it closed-end or Hoffman. I have little use for fence
separators — plain separators suit me better. I would not even
to-day use plain sei'.tions, but use the bee-ways. I can handle
the plain just as well as the other, and I can save a little in
shipping-cases, etc., but the retailer spoils many a box of the
plain ones when he wouldn't spoil any of the bee-ways.

■ In summing up I would say: If the (poor ?) honey-pro-
ducer does not wish to enrich the (rich ?) manufacturer, why
does he not go to work and make his own bee-hives? About
the only thing we will regularly have to buy of the manufac-
turer are the sections, if we are comb-honey producers, and
I doubt if he would become rich very fast at that business
even at the present high prices.

Some bee-keepers use large quantities of comb foundation.
If I needed it very badly, and did not want to pay the present
high prices, I would make that myself. I find I can make a
good article for the brood-chamber. This is all that is needed.
It would be better if section comb foundation had never been
made. By its use very inferior comb honey is now produced.
I have produced tons of comb honey without it, not even using
it for starters, and can do so again, although it has been a
convenience to have it to use as starters.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

Black Bees— A Down-Trodden Race

BV ALLEN LATHAM

ONE can scarcely read through a single copy of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal without some slurring remark concern-
ing the black bee. From all sides one hears this race
derided and all other races lifted far above it ; even our good
Dr. Miller is forever telling his questioners to get Italian oees
if they wish to get rid of the wax-moth. Yet there is black
blood in Dr. Miller's own bees.

I will not take the reader's time to explain the various
reasons for all this opposition to the black bee, but merely say
that it is a more or less unfounded prejudice. I doubt greatly
whether any one can demonstrate that the black bee is infe-
rior to the Italian in keeping out the moth. Any race will
keep out the moth when any colony is in normally good con-
dition, and any race will give way to the moth when there is
trouble with the queen, or when starvation is coming in at the
entrance.

When, during the early part of this summer, I was greatly
troubled with pickled brood, and noticed that the disease was
especially bad with the black colonies and showing almost
none at all with the straight Italians, I was obliged to ac-
knowledge that here at last was a point at which the Italians
surpassed the blacks. Later, however, when I onserved that
the Italians failed to come up to normal strength, though
breeding heavily, while the blacks seemed to hold their
strength remarkably well, I tried to get up a defense for my
protege, the black bee. I concluded that all colonies were
affected with the disease, but, whereas the black bees died in
the larval stage, the Italian workers died soon after leaving
the cells. The only gain was in the combs of the Italians
being kept free from diseased brood. Many hybrid colonies
had their bees die in the pupa state, and thousands of the
white workers were carried from the hives.

The disease has gone, and my faith in the black bee is
coming back in all its strength, for which reason I desire now
to point out still further its superiority to the Italian as a bee
of profit when bred with equal care.

It must have struck every thinking bee-keeper as a
strange thing that Italian colonies so quickly run back to the
black condition It seems to matter little how few the scat-
tering colonies of blacks there are about the country, and how
large the apiaries of yellow bees are, sooner or later they will
all be black or dark hybrids unless constant effort Is made to
prevent this. I observed only the past summer that, though
my home apiary is largely headed by Italian queens, and
though I keep many more bees than any one near here, only
a third at best of my yellow queens mated with other than
black drones.

How shall we account for this strange fact, if it is ac-
knowledged to be a fact ? How does this inferior black bee
with its predisposition to yield to disease, its inability to cope
with its enemy, the moth ; its weak honey-getting power, and

776

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 9, 1S»( 5

its general, all-around worthlessness — how does this black
bee, I repeat, manage to run out of existence its yellow cousin
whose splendid attributes are printed on the advertising
sheets of every journal devoted to apiculture ? The question
is a difficult one, and one which I should have been inclined
to give up had I not stumbled upon a possible answer the past
season.

It has been my purpose for some time to save this black
bee from contamination with other races, if possible, and seek
to give it a chance through careful breeding to prove its quali-
ties. During the past summer I have been rearing queens
from an old black queen of unusual excellence.

The task has been very up-hill labor. I have reared 30
or more queens with great care, and now have only a few
mated queens to show for my labor. Out of the last dozen
which emerged most promisingly, more than half failed to
mate or were crippled on their return by being balled. Many
were killed outright. Yellow queens at the same time were
mated with no dilHcuUy.

To account for this thing was a puzzle till I happened to
see one of the black queens fly. She went like a bullet.
Surely it would take a swift drone to catch her ! One of the
queens was gone nearly, if not quite, half an hour, yet returned
unmaled. This was during the last week of September, and
only a few drones were still alive. The yellow queens, how-
ever, mated in spite of the scarcity of drones.

There seems to be but one answer. The flight of black
bees is stronger than that of Italians. The drones found it
easy to overtake the yellow queens, but were mostly distanced
by the black queens.

Here we have an explanation for the frequent mismates
which we encounter when trying to rear Italian queens. In
the wedding-race the black drones distance the yellow drones,
and, unless the yellow drones happen by chance to be better
situated in the race, the accepted suitor is black. This will
explain why eventually, if left to themselves, black bees will
run jellow ones out of existence.

I fully expect that little credence will be given this theory
which I have just advanced, especially since the prejudice
against the black is so firmly rooted ; but I feel confident that
what I have advanced can not fail to arouse the interest of
every thinking bee-keeper. Even if the reader does cry
"Bosh!" he will be set to thinking, and thinking is what
makes of us better bee-keepers.

New London Co., Conn.

Wax-Rendering Methods and Equipment

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER

ONE of the difficult things for most of us is to get a new
point of view for a subject, to approach it from a different

side. This seems to be noticeably the case in regard to
apicuUural matters, due partly to the old superstitions which
still cling about it, and partly to the literature on the subject.
These thoughts are suggested by some recent comments in
the bee-press on current practices, particularly some regard-
ing the extraction of wax.

Wax-presses have received much attention of late, all
sorts of home-made affairs being illustrated and written about.
They are exploited as being the proper thing for securing all
the wax from old combs, this claim being made by one firm
for the presses they make. Any one with half an eye knows
that such results are impossible with any wax press now made.
It is only necessary to examine the refuse from a wax-press to
be assured of the fact that much wax remains in it. And the
greater the mass of material put in a press the greater the
proportion of wax retained. This principle of wax-extraction
is wrong, and no amount of " clawing over " of the slumgum
will remedy the evil.

Not long since there appeared in these columns an article
by Mr. Dadant, describing a French contrivance for recover-
ing wax, consisting of a double-ended paddle rotating below a
strainer. The kettle, or pail, was to be tilled with water and
comb, the paddle and strainer adjusted, and as the paddle
stirred the mass below the strainer, the freed wax rose to the
surface. Aside from a brief adverse comment by Mr. Hasty,
no notice appears to have been taken of \i, and yet within
that tUtle contrivance lie the true principles /or the extraction
of wax. To be sure, the machine is incomplete and crude,
but, properly developed, it is to be the wax-extractor of the
future.

Old comb consists of various sorts of fiber and other sub-
stances of an absorbent nature, and as soon as the -mass
reaches the melting point of wax these substances take it up.
To get it out, the mass is squeezed ; but until you can squeeze

a sponge dry, do not expect to press all the wax from a mass
of old comb. When melted underwater the absorbent sub-
stances take up much of it, affording better opportunity for
more wax to be secured ; but even the mass must be agitated
in order to permit the wax to escape, and to make the opera-
tion complete some device must be used to break up every
particle of the comb.

Besides these features, some device must be had for
skimming off the wax as it rises, so that when all is extracted
the refuse may be immediately removed and the machine re-
charged.

A machine properly constructed embodying these features
will secure all the wax, and do it rapidly and easily.

Providence Co., R. I.

-"\

Conr^cntton
Proceebings

Report of the Texas Convention

rJ

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SEC.

The 5th annual meeting of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation was held at College Station, July 25, 26 and 27, 1905.

The meeting was opened at 9 a.m., July 25, by President
W. H. Laws, with a few words welcoming the bee-keepers
present.

Louis H. Scholl. the secretary-treasurer, was instructed
to take down tlie proceedings, as a stenographer was not ob-
tained in time.

Prayer was offered by Mr. J. M. Hagood.

Mr. W. H. Laws then delivered the following

PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL ADDRESS

We have met for the purpose of obtaining knowledge of
our beloved pursuit, and to disseminate the same among our
bee-keeping friends. These annual gatherings are looked to,
as they siiould be, with expectations and delight, where we
can again meet, clasp hands, and greet each other as friends —
fraternal greetings — men of one pursuit, whose business in-
terests should be mutual and identical. I trust that you are
here with a full program, and that every one of you will feel
that the success of the meeting will depend upon you — it is
yours.

In the first place, we should express our thanks to the
various llLes of railroads who have so kindly donated passes,
making it possible for so many of us living at remote distances
in this great State, to be present at this meeting. These rail-
road companies are awakening to the fact that apiculture in
all its branches and the interests of the railroads are identi-
cal ; that when the farmer and the bee-keeper prosper they
likewise prosper; and in order that we bee-keepers, and men
of other agricultural pursuits who have met here and are on
the grounds by the thousand, representing what is known as
the Farmers' Congress, they have issued thousands of passes.
They depend upon us to return home and to disseminate to
the good of our neighbors the information that we have
gained, believing it will result in better methods and increased
production, and consequently increased business for their
lines.

There are some things in which we bee-keepers of Texas
are interested, and to which I would like to direct your atten-
tion. We are proud of the very effective and needed legisla-
tion on the diseases of bees; and now that an appropriation
has been made by our last Legislature to aid in the eradica-
tion of these diseases, whenever they should occur, any and
all bee-keepers in the State who should know of the existence
of the disease, should at once communicate with the inspector
of apiaries, who will either appear in person or render the
assistance necessary for the eradication of the disease. So
far as known there is little if any foul brdod in the State, and
all precautions are used against its introduction. But when
known to exist, the most heroic measures should be used for
its eradication.

We are now much in need of a pure lioney law. The Bill
which met defeat at the hands of the last Legislature, we
take, was a good one and for the benefit of all, producer and
consumer alike. It should have become a law. The scarcity
of honey tlie present season only opened the door more widely
for the vendor of adulterated goods. Indeed, it is so widely

Nov. 9, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

?77

known that adulterated honey is so commonly found on the
market of the large towns and cities of the State that the
more intelligent people hesitate to purchase unless the assur-
ance is given that pure honey is furnished from a reputable
producer.

I do not believe in the existence of trusts to the enriching
of the few at the expense of the many, but there should be
such organization among honey-producers that we should not
come in competition with ourselves. To this end a honey-
producers' association should exist and be maintained, and
our products handled by economic business methods.

I would call your attention to The Honey-Producers'
League, an institution less than a year old, national in char-
acter, and it has already begun its work of merit. Any bee-
keeper of the United States or Canada may become a member.
Let us investigate its merits.

We realize the need of a bee paper edited in the South.
Several attempts have been made to meet this want, but un-
successfully, or a journal would be in existence to-day. The
management of our bees in the South being entirely different
from the management in Xorthern latitudes, the reasons and
the calls for a vSouthern bee-paper are many, and we will hail
with delight the advent of a journal backed up by an individ-
ual or stock company that will have the backbone to come to
stay. With such a journal, conducted by a clean, progressive
bee-man, and a stock company to perpetuate a live journal
with sufficient financial backing, the bee-keepers and adver-
tisers will rally to its support.

Owing to the almost prohibitive prices now being fixed on
hives by the large manufacturers, there is a crying demand
for factories in our midst that will make use of our native
pine and cypress for hive-making. The low prices on honey,
and the several successive poor seasons, make it imperative
that supplies must be bought more cheaply.

The honey industry of Texas, we might say, is in its in-
fancy, yet this great State produces more honey than any
other one State in the Union. Are we a progressive body ?
or shall we wait until our day is past and others will catch the
spirit of progress and do the things that we should now begin ?

Lastly, I repeat that the success of this meeting depends
upon you. It is yours. Let us enter heartily into all the dis-
cussions. W. H. Law.s.
(Continued next ^eek.)

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111,,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

[Continued from page 761. J
PRESSURE OF THE GERM.VN WAX-PRESS.

"Will Mr. Root tell us what is the pressure of the Ger-
man wax-press?"

• Mr. Root — I don't believe that I can answer that in
pounds. Miss Wilson said a good deal depends upon the
woman in keeping bees. A good lead depends on the wax
you are pressing, and a good deal depends on what strength
you have. One great trouble is, it is a mistake to suppose
that a great deal of pressure is necessary; an intermittent
pressure is generally better than to squeeze the combs right
down. Suppose you fill j'our press clean up to the top, and
then squeeze it down in a solid mass, and consider you have
done the job. That is not the way it should be done. It
should be squeezed, and turned over, and turned over, and
squeezed, if you want to get it all out. Some experiments
are going to show that hot water is a great deal better than
steam.

Mr. France — Just one thing there. I believe that some
of you get a wrong impression about the wax-press. When
Mr. Root said, "You fill that up,'' he won't recommend that,
or I have not found that from my experience. You want to
put in but a small quantity of slumgum at a time in order
to get the effect of the pressure.

Mr. Wilcox — How thick should the cake be at the bot-
tom of the press when you press it?

Mr. France — I should prefer not to have it over an
inch and a half thick.

Mr. Reynolds— Dr. Miller, I believe, asked Mr. Hubert
Root last year what the pressure was of that press, and he
stated that there was between three and four tons. I cliim
that there is no such pressure, for the simple reason tliat
the cross-piece of the wa.x-press will not stand it. Tlie one
I use bends, and draws the side in on the basket, and it is [
a hard matter to get the basket out with the slumgum in.

Dr. Miller — Is the bar of wood or metal? '

Mr. Reynolds — It is wood. I think it is not right that
that should be sent broadcast through the proceedings of
the convention as it was last year.

Mr. Meredith^I believe if you take a 10-pound block,
and put it over the screw, turning or pressing the wax, that
the pressure at which I have used the press, the slumgum
would easily raise a 10-pound block. I don't think there are
many people who recognize the force that is obtained by
the screw process. Possibly Mr. Root could give us some
idea. You have seen buildings that have been raised with
jacks, and the thread on the wax-press is something like
that, which would indicate a large amount of pressure.

Mr. Wheeler — I have used one of those presses and I
have had to do away with one of those top sticks. As Mr.
Reynolds said, it was too light, and kept bending, and bend-
ing, until it was a regular rainbow, and finally we had to
put in twice as heavy a stick of oak, 3 by 4 inches, and that
works tip-top. The hot steam seems to soften the wood.
The first one gave out entirely. After it got a bent shape
I turned it over.

Mr, Root— What Mr. Wheeler says is true. We foimd
that out to our sorrow, and I will say we have replaced those,
and any one who has had one that has given them trouble,
we desire to give him a new one. We put an iron brace
under it, and a piece of sheet-metal to protect the wood.
I perhaps ought not to say it, but I will say it, that wax-
press is something we sent out and we thought it was per-
fect. There is a great deal to learn about a wax-press. My
brother has been three months working on this wax-press,,
ten hours a day. doing nothing else, and sometimes clear
up into the evening, and we have learned this, that great
pressure is not necessary. During the last year we changed
the pitch of the screw so that it would have less than half
the power of the first screw sent out, because the difficulty
would be, they would put too great pressure on and break it.
Mr. France is right when he says a press should not be full,
only enough to make a cheese about an inch and a half
thick. Then you can get all out but about five percent of
the wax. What we are working for now is to get that five
percent.

Mr. Dadant — We have had considerable experience in
melting beeswax and old combs. We used to melt old combs
by breaking them up fine, soaking them in water, and then
rendering them. But the great principle is, if you get the
combs well broken, those combs that contain coccons or the
skins of the arva- lodge in the cells, and no matter what
amount of pressure they will not come out ; that is, they
will not allow the wax to come out. If you have every-
thing well broken, and well soaked in water, the beeswaj;
will come out sooner or later.

Dr. Miller — That is very good, I believe, but I failed
on that.

Mr. Dadant — I never did much of it myself, but I know
we did it.

Dr. Miller — I am merely saying I didn't know enough
to do it, and I would like to know how.

Mr. Dadant — If you do it in warm weather it will not
do it so well, but in cold weather it will do it better. We
have used the German wax-press, and I believe we are one
of the few who have not broken the iron casting given in
the first place. We had customers who bought those through
us and who all complained of breaking them. We took it
for granted that it was easily broken, and we must be care-
ful, and I think we got the wax out of the combs about as
well as anybody could. We put the wax in and put on the
pressure, and keep it on all day long. You will find every
few minutes, or half an hour or so. you can make another
turn with but a little pressure, and keep on getting your
wax away from the center. We have the same thing in
pressing grapes. You take a large cheese of grape-pulps and
press it in a hurry, and the juice in the center has no time
to get out; but give it time to press out, as the pressure
goes on it it gives more room ; you press it gradually, and
therefore you can get better results with less fatigue to
the operator.

Dr. Miller — Do I understand that the metal casting Tiad
broken?

Mr. Root — The first press we sent out had a cast-iron
frame built exactly as they build them in Germany. I sup-
posed if we followed the plan given in Germany we would
lae perfectly safe. Those who have had experience in mak-
ing castings will know that sometimes there are flaws in
the casting. Mr. Dadant may have had one without any
flaws. Those flaws are covered up by galvanizing. We re-
placed all that we knew about, and sent out the wooden tops.

778

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 9 190S

I sent Dr. Miller one. Then we discovered that the com-
bination of metal and wood — wood protected by a piece of
galvanized iron — was better than anything else we could have,
and that is what we are now furnishing. It consists of a
piece of hard oak, 4 by 3 inches thick ; on the inner side
of it is a cast-iron brace that is two inches at the widest
part, through which the screw passes, and an inch at the
farthest point. This brace is made just like ordinary br.'ices
— with a rib running through the center to stiffen it. The
cast-iron top was a circular piece of cast-iron about three-
eights of an inch thick, with ribs like the spokes of a wheel,
the ribs being thicker towards the center.

Mr. Meredith — I would like to say a word, not speaking
of pressure as a defect, but from experience possibly in put-
ting on too much power when I have had to let it stand.
The bottom or the portion upon which the cage sets being
a li.ght piece of metal with rivets around, I have drawn two
or three rivets right straight through, and I found that the
iron around there has turned something like the fans of a
windmill, instead of standing up. I was wondering if that
was a common complaint, or just an accident with my
machine.

Mr. Root — That is not a common complaint, but in some
few instances it has happened. There is one thing about the
wax-press I feel chagrined over — that we couldn't build it
in the first place so that it would resist these strains. But
you can see what the problem was' to us, it was making one
strain against another, and that strain sufficient to stand all
kinds of pressure. When we say the pressure must be right,
it may be three or four tons, or four or five tons, they don't
quite understand what we mean. In reference to the remark
made by Mr. Reynolds, stating that my brother said the
pressure would be three or four tons, he probably gave that
statement from first experiments then made. At that time
we thought great pressure was necessary, but we learned
afterwards pressure was not needed, but a light pressure con-
tinued, so that the wax could get away.

Mr. Reynolds — Don't you think it should be sent broad-
cast to the people that that was a mistake?

Mr. Root — This is broadcast here.

Mr. Reynolds — Shouldn't it be put in Gleanings?

Mr. Root — I think I have published it two or three
times.

(Continued next week.)

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®ur Bee Keeping Sisters

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Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

J

Painting Hives— Feeding Bees—
TransferriDg— Other Subjects

1,

What color do you paint your hives?

2 I)o you number Iheni? When you put
them out in the spring do you put each one
on ii= uld stand?

S. Dii you put a brick under each leg of the
hive acd slant it towards th" front, and level
each hive in the spring with a spirit-level so
it will not lipsidewise?

4. Which is best for feeding, granulated
sugar dissolved in water or boiled to a syrup
of the c )nsisteDCy of honey?

.5. Do you ever teed any kind of meal to
your bh-es?

Ci. Do you make honey-vinegar? If not too
much trouble please give me your process.

7. How do you prepare bees for wintering*
and w here do you winter them, in a bee house,
o'uldunrs, or in a cellar?

•S What lime of the day is the best to take
off comb honey, or combs for extracting?

0 Hdw can I transfer bees from an old and
undesirable hive to a better one ?

10 1 bought a GO-pound can of extracted
alfalfa honey that tasted just like catnip. Is
that us natural flavor? It was not like the
sample sent me.

11. Do jou wear a bee veil and gloves? If
60, what kind ?

13. Do you label each section of honey 3

\'A. Do you water your bees? If so, how?

14 Do you salt the water?

15. What is the largest, number of pounds
of honey you have ever taken from a single
colony in one season— comb and extracted ?

Reader.

1. They are not painted.

2 Each hive is numbered, and when it is
convenient each hive is put on its old stand,
but for different reasons this does not always
happen. For instance, a colony from the out-
apiary may have made such a good record the
past J ear that we may want to keep it in the
home apiary for the sake of its drones, as
most of our queens are reared in the home
apiary.

3. Bricks are excellent, but it is more con-
venient for us to use blocks of wood to level
the stands. Uur stand is a very simple affair,
each one accommodating iwo hives. A spirit-
level is used to level it from side to side, and
it is slanted toward the front.

4. Boiling does not change sugar; it has
been thoroughly boiled; and it doesn't mat-
ter whether it is dissolved with or without
heat. But the bees take it Ijetter when hot.

5. Some springs we do, and some we don't.

The bees will not take anything of the kind
when they can get pollen.

6. Working for comb honey, we have no
cappings from which to make vinegar.

T. They are not prepared, further than to
see that they have plenty of stores. They go
into the cellar just as they were on the sum-
mer stands.

S. 'Ihe time when bees are busiest at work.

!). That depends; if the frames are all right
in the old hive, there is nothing to do but to
lift them out of the old hive into the new. If
the bees are in a box-hive, you can transfer
as directed in the bee-books, although nowa-
days the tendency is to let the bees swarm
and empty the old hive 21. days after swarm-
ing

10. Alfalfa honey ought not to taste like
catnip.

11. Yes; the veil is an open bag with one
end sewed to the hat, and the gloves are hog-
skin, when I can get that kind.

12. No.

13. Generally by means of a large crock
with sticks of fire-wood in it.

14. Generally not.

1.5. 300 sections, or a little more than 2"5
pounds.

What One Woman Does

In that excellent monthly — Suburban Life —
appears an article from a bee-keeper already
pleasantly known to the bee-keeping sisters-
Miss Frances E. Wheeler. It appears that
her pursuits upon her 4'4 acres of ground are
mote divertitibd than most of us had probably
imagined. She not only keeps ducks and
bees, but distributes her busy cares among
chickens, turkeys, currants, squabs, and dear
knows what else.

Obliged to give up her work as stenog-
rapher, like many another in her position.
Miss Wheeler looked with longing eyes upon
a life outdoors amid the growing things of
the animal and vegetable world. Could she
break away entirely from othce-life and risk
the chauce of making a living among the
ducks and bees? But the struggle is best
given in her own words:

" It is a simple matter for the rich to re-
spond to the ' Call of the Wild,' but a quite
different thing for people of comparatively
restricted means, or pinched pocket-books, to
fiud the open sesame to a summer, or life,
with Nature. And yet it is not so very ditli-
cuU. For even the pinched pocket-book,

there are many ways in which the change
might be accomplished.

" If one felt sufficiently brave and deter-
mined, one might even venture alone to make
a living on a little country place, as did the
writer.

" I have never learned to swim, but I fancy
that the final wrench from the old life and the
struggles with the new and unknown work of
farming are sensations similar to those when
one is flung beyond one's depth and has to
kick out and swim, or sink. It is exciting,
exhilarating, but — strenuous! One is re-
minded of Macbeth's ' Suppose we fail?' and
Lady Macbeth's scornful — 'Fail! But screw
your courage to the sticking place and we'll
not fail !' We realize that our success de-
pends upon keeping our courage screwed ' to
the sticking place.'

" It has been almost 10 years since we be-
gan our experiment. There was no invest-
ment about it. I had no money A few old
debts collected — perhaps three hundred dol-
lars' worth — gave us the start. For some time
it was a sort of scramble Not much system,
but considerable ' method in the — madness,'
as some thought it. We did what we could,
and what we couldn't do went without doing.''

But for the hope that we may have in the
near future some account of her doings writ-
ten especially for this depart ment, further ex-
tracts would be given. That one number of
Suburban Life makes the year's subscription
worth while.

The Truth About Honey. — A few

changes have been made in the reading of the
Comb Honey Guarantee Circular for shipping-
cases gotten up by The Honey-Producers'
League, so that it will be suitable for bee-
keepers to use in their correspondence, put-
ting one in with every letter they write. It
is headed, " The Truth About Honey," and is
printed on both sides of a light manilla card-
board. It is sent postpaid in lots of 50 for 10
cents, 100 for 20 cents, etc, Evtry bee-keeper
should use it, as it will undoubtedly help to
popularize the use of honey.

The Guarantee Circulars for putting in ship-
ping-cases should be used by every bee keeper
who sells comb honey by the case. These
circulars are the same price — 10 cents for .50
copies, postpaid. Send all orders to the
American Bee Journal office.

Comb Honey Not 3Iachine-Made. —

We have a fair supply of the typewritten
letter on this subject, which appeared in the
Chicago Daily News ot .June 21, 1905. It is
just the thing to have published in every bee-
keeper's local newspaper. We mail it for a
2.cenl stamp. Belter order several copies,
and request as many newspaper editors to
publish it. It will certainly be a good thing
for both the reading public and the bee-
keepers.

Nov. 9, 1905

IHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

779

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Jllr. ^asty 5 Clftcrtl^ougf^ts

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The "Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Jl

What is a Carload of Honet?

How's the beet way to get out of a bad
scrape! Ojr Editor having been in position
to l(now about carloads of actual honey on
arrival, is very much better authority than I
am as tn how much is a carload. I seem to
have made a certain estimate enormously too
large. Suspect I went wrong largely from
having looked at the new cars of the Lake
Shore, which runs close by my apiary.
Capacity is printed on the outside of each
car — some of them .50 tons. But probably all
the cars which I have seen marked .50 tons or
more, were really something else than ordi-
nary box-cars. When I was a boy cars were
nearly all of two sorts, "Capacity S tons,"
and " Capacity 10 tons." Since then capacity
has been very greatly increased. It is imagin-
able that the Pacific railroads (over which
honey comes largely) may hang back on the
capacity of cars. If 10-ton cars are still in
fashion with them, they would be very un-
likely to let a shipper send 20 tons in a car
unless he paid double rates. And I think ship-
pers of honey would generally prefer two cars
to double quantity in one car, if charge per
ton was the same. I didn't get Ijeyond what
can be made to go into a car. A cubic foot is
a litils less than "j^ gallons, equal to 90
pounds of honey. It we pack the inside of a
car full of square tins of honey, not boxed, j
and the dimensions are 20x8^ixr feet (1547
feet), we have about (J9 tons, of which some 3
or 4 tons would be tin and 65 tons honey. We
will consider the 5,600,000 pounds corrected
to 2 100,000.

Faith, and do I believe it now? Hardly
know. Still a won't-liedown suspicion that
stories are told to influence the market. But
the above surely shows how much the mathe-
matical critic needs to be criticisea himself
sometimes. Page ?2o.

Cardboard Over Qieen-Cage Candt.

But about the cardboard over candy, I'm
not going to come down quite so far from my
high perch. Dr. Miller is thinking of him-
self, and of the cardboard breeders select and
send for the purpose. There is need to con-
sider excited beginners— and the way they are
foreordained to bupgle things — and the card-
board they will hunt up and use. Some is
thin, some five times as thick. Some is soft,

some hard. Some is plain of surface, some
with enameled surface. I suppose a sample
could be found which even Dr. Miller's bees
wouldn't get through in 5 years. Queens are
also introduced to weak colonies; and cold
nights unexpectedly swoop down. Queens
are also introduced to blacks; and if blacks
are really so much poorer at worm-hunting,
it would rather follow that they are poorer at
card-gnawing. Very many queens used to be
laid a-top the combs, and we should not ignore
the possibility of its being done that way still.
That a weak colony on a cold night may draw
away from such a cage altogether is a con-
tingency which I think should not be over-
looked. But I will cheerfully concede to Dr.
Miller's large experience, that in the heart of
a colony, and with cardboard of the right
kind, and the right kind of bees, there Is not
much danger. Page 725.

Latest Swarms.

That late swarm of Dr. Miller's— Sept. 23—
I was going to take as a record, and so having
a certain value; but on reading to the end I
doubt whether it was a normal swarm at all.
Perchance it had been unprosperously in a
tree or some place, and not sufBciently pro-
tected. Had merely picked up and all
swarmed out from unendurable quarters. If
so, going to the nearest apiary and alighting
on a post would be just the proper thing to
expect. If it had a virgin queen, however,
as the latest true swarms usually do, my the-
ory would stand disproved. I think my rec-
ord for lateness is Sept. 5, or about that time.
Page 715.

Outdoor Feeding of Bees.

Ernest Root has manifestly improved his
outdoor feeding. Putting it up high in the
air lets all the bees which fall have a chance
to take wing before striking anything. And
weakening the feed until they regani it as
nectar rather than as plunder is an advance,
too. I should hardly feel reconciled to any-
thing that causes masses of bees to form and
then drop; but if I understand correctly,
comparatively little massing occurred in the
last trials. Especially valuable is the expe-
rience that two iJU-pound cans so worked
actually kept an apiary of 300 queen-rearing
colonies free from any eager disposition to
rob. Page 093.

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'^ociox ITTillcr 5 QiicstionBox

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Send Questions either to the ofBce of the American Bee Journal,

or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

B^ Dr. Miller does iiot answer Questions by mail.

J

Cellar-Wintering of Bees Introduc-
ing Uueens, Etc.

As wintering seems to be the great problem
with us, I would like to have your advice on
the following quesiions:

Two years ago ihe number of my colonies
decreased from 32 to 6. Last winter was con-
siderably belter— 1 lost but 10 colonies out
of 30.

Last fall, after winter had fastened its grip
on Mother Earth, I carried 2 light nuclei into
the vegetable cellar, which is frost-proof.
This cellar has no windows, and the entrance
from the main cellar was screened with a
heavy piece of carpet. As we had only one
real thaw, the walls were dry most of the
time. The nuclei were given a flight on -Jan.
1, and no dead b^es were found on the floor.

and very few on the hive-bottom. Both came
through in floe shape, and were replaced in
the apiary on March '26, when soft maples be-
gan to open, and built up well in proportion
to the bees they had.

Of the 10 colouies that died outside, all
were much stronger in bees and had more
honey; most of these were in chaff hives.

The bees in the cellar were in Danzonbaker
hives, deep side of lottom-board up, and bur-
lap sacking over the top. The temperature
of the cellar ranged from 40 to 44 degrees, but
was at 42 degrees the most of the time. The
bees were very quiet all winter, only a low
hum being heard.

1. Do you think it would be advisable for
me to put a number— say half of my colonies
—into this cellar tbis winter?

2. There is no means of ventilation except
through the curtained doorway. The tem-

perature of the main cellar is generally 2 or 3
degrees cooler than the vegetable cellar. If 1
lifted the curtain occasionally, would this
provide the necessary ventilation?

3 In the spring one comb that was not
covered by the bees had a little mildew or
mold on it. Do you think the cellar was too
damp?

4, Could an excess of moisture in the at-
mosphere be prevented by using lime, as
spoken of by Editor Hutchinson in " Ad-
vanced Bee Culture?"

5 Do the walls of your cellar ever sweat
during winter?

Ij Is the humidity thus formed detrimental
to the bees?

7. Are midwinter flights beneficial to bees
when they are quiet in the cellar?

I have beeu having quite a little experience
in late introduction of queens, and here is
something that has happened twice in a very
short time; I would like to know whether it
is abnormal. As the cases are nearly parallel,
I will cite but one of them;

About Oct. 1, I caught and killed the old
queen and placed the new queen between the
brood-frames. One week later I looked to
see if the queen was laying. 1 found several
sealed queen-cells, and feeling somewhat out
of patience with them (as I then thought
they had killed my choice queen), and as I
did not care to continue that hybrid stock, I
tore down the cells. When nearly through
the hive I found a small cluster of bees on a
bottom-bar. I smoked them gently, and was
very agreeably surprised to find the queen. I
rescued her at once and returned her to the
cage with 4 or 5 young bees, provisioned it,
and again put it between two brood-frames.

5. Was this the right thing to do? As the
queen ought to have been out 3 or 4 days
prior to this, and with the presence of several
sealed cells, and as not an egg had been
layed, I could not thiokof anything else to do.

About 5 days later I again opened the hive
and saw the queen on the top of a brood-
frame, between the hive-body and super, sur-
rounded with bees; as they did not seem to
be acting hostile I closed the hive at once. I
did not use any smoke at the entrance, so the
queen could not have been frightened. The
queen is now laying beautifully.

9. I noticed in one of your answers that you
said that to have a queen mated purely when
the yard contains hybrids, the virgin queens
or nuclei with select drones should be re-
moved about 4 or 5 miles distant from any
other bees. While this old doctrine is all
right, I believe the limit is too far removed,
unless we can do as E L. Pratt does— go to
the mating yard by trolley.

Last summer about 90 percent of the drones
in my apiary were blacks or hybrids, and as I
especially wanted to have some purely mated
queens. I took some nuclei to the back end of
the farm about one-half a mile from my api-
ary. Here I also took about two dozen hand-
picked golden Italian drones. Tne expeii-
ment worked beautifully, as every one of the
queens was purely mated. Unfortunately, I
was not able to continue this experiment long
enough to cjme to a definite conclusion as to
the necessary distance. Baby nuclei also
worked successfully at this distance. Per-
haps a few old bees came home, but not
enough to deplete the nuclei.

I have had many disappointments in the
bee-business. Foul brood nearly wiped me
out of existence once. But the bie-fever is
still unbroken. We have had a nice flow of
aster honey this fall, so bees are in good shape
to winter.

10. Sjme of our pear-trees are in bloom
now, and the bees have been working on
them. Is not this abnormal, too^

Pesssylvania.
Answers —1. Yes.

2. If the nurabar of colonies is small in pro-
portion to the size of the room, there will
probably be no nee I of any attention to ven-
tilation. With a larger number of colonies,
there might be need to keep the curtain
raised at night, or it might be parily raised
all the time, provided the main cellar were
sufficiently darkened.

3. Hardly worth while to pay any attention
to mold if it occurs only on one comb Damp-
ness, darkness, and warmth make a combina-
tion favorable to the growth of mold, but
there is a kind of very fine mold that some-

7£0

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 9 1905

times comes on sealed combs in the cellar
that doesn't seem to do any harm.

4. Yes. Raising the temperature will help,
too, also admitting fresh air.

5. Yes; at anytime when there is a long,
cold spell, so that the stone wall becomes very
cold, if the air of the cellar is warmed up, or
warmer air admitted from outside, the mois-
ture of the air will be deposited on the colder
walls, ju-t as it will on the outside of a
pitcher of ice-water on a hot day.

0. I don't think it is.

7. Hardly, provided they will keep quiet
later on.

8. Yes, unless it would have been better to
have done nothing. It is a common thing for
bees to start cells when a queen is introduced,
and if left to themselves the bees may destroy
these cells. At any rate, if the bees did not
appear to be hostile to the queen there would
seem no need to cage the queen, if indeed
there was any necessity to destroy the cells.

0. While you may succeed in a few cases at
half a mile distance, even as you may be hav-
ing drones and queens in the same apiary, if
you keep it up long enough you will likely
have more failures than you will like. Still,
nothing succeeds like success, and if half a
mile continues to work with you there's no
good reason why you should go further.

10. Decidedly abnormal, and no benefit to
next year's fruitage.

fortunate, but sometimes a colony seems to be
of such disposition that it is very hard to get
it to accept a queen, although it will accept a
queen-cell.

3. There is only one thing to do ; break up
the colony. That quart of bees is so old that
it has no value, especially this time of year.

4. Take from a strong colony two frames of
brood with adhering bees and queen, put on
a new stand and imprison for three days. A
week after the queen was taken away, let the
two hives swap places. That will double the
number. If you want to make more out of
that one colony, you can divide the old col-
ony into two or more nuclei at the time of
swapping places, being sure that each has a
good queen-cell located centrally where the
bees will keep it warm, and then if necessary
you can strengthen these nuclei after the
queens get to laying by giving them brood
from other colonies.

.5. Italians are good.

6. Reports vary as to their value. Possibly
all Carniolans are not alike in value.

7. Yes, it often happens that opening a hive
will make the bees ball a queen, and some-
times kill her, even when she is laying.

weather. At least, that has been my expe-
rience. The past season I used about 35 bait-

sections, and every one that I removed from
the super contained a dark spot. On exam-
ining one I found it was solid honey.
Albany Co.. N. Y. """ ^

Wm. B. Lowe.

Too Cold for Honey

Last spring my bees came out of the cellar
in good condition— every colony alive. Fre-
quent showers in June gave white clover a
good start, but it was too cold for honey.
During the last of July and part of August
the bees did pretty well, but during Septem-
ber they would not work in the supers, but
lilled the brood-chamber full of honey, so they
are in good shape for winter. C. Schriek.

Will Co., 111., Oct. 27.

Home-Made Comb Foundation

On page 648, J. E. Johnson speaks of a
Reitsche-Getaz press, which makes fairly good
brood-foundation, and only costs $1.50 and
freight. Where can I get it! The foundation
question is a troublesome and costly one to
me. Texas.

Answer. — It can be obtained of Mr. Getaz.
See his advertisement on another page.

(Sxpericnccs

Italianizing Bees-Artlf Icial Increase

I have 10 colonies of black bees, and would
like to introduce Italians.

1. What is the best and surest way to in-
troduce an Italian queen?

2. I have tried three different queens, and
followed the directions on the mailing cages
that they came in, and they got away.

3. I had a strong colony of bees about the
middle of the summer, and it cast a large
swarm ; I hived it, and about 30 days after-
ward I looked into the hive where the swarm
cameout, and there was only about 2 quarts
of bees in it, and no brood. I looked for the
queen, but could not And any. I put in a
frame of brood, and they built queen-cells on
it, and hatched out 2 queens. I destroyed all
the rest of the cells. About a week afterward
I looked, and no queens could be found, but
one queen had laytd about 20 eggs, and they
had started queen-cells from them. I de-
stroyed them and sent for an Italian queen,
and they killed her. Now, what shall I do
next? There is only about a quart of bees in
the hive at this willing (Oct. 13).

4. Give me a good way for artiflcial in-
crease. I have 8 strong colonies.

0 What bee would you recommend for
profit?

6, Is the Carniolan a good variety?

7. Does it make any difterence if a hive is
opened after an Italian queen has just been
introduced? I had one that was introduced
all right, and layed about a thousand eggs. I
opened the hive quite frequently to look at
her, but the last time she was gone. What
became of her? Do the bees ever kill the
queen after she has been safely introduced
and begun to lay? Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. The surest way I know of is
to have frames of sealed brood with young
bees batching out; fasten the queen in a hive
with these, and without a single bee except
her escort and what are in the combs; keep
in ft warm place, and in .0 days set the hive on
its stand, and for a few days give a very sm^ll
entrance. Instead of keeping in a warm place
you can set the hive over a strongcolony with
wire-cloth between.

2. Hard to say just why you were so un-

A Machinist Bee-Keeper

I am very much interested in bees. I am a
machinist by trade, live in the city, but keep
a few bees for pastime to break the monotony
of shop-life; and then I like the honey to eat
with warm biscuit. I keep from 3 to 6 colo-
nies, and get from 100 to 150 pounds of comb
honey in a season, and lots of pleasure work-
ing with the bees. J. T. Hillert.

Franklin Co., Ohio.

Almost a Complete FalluFe

The past season was almost a complete fail-
ure. I obtained about 1200 pounds of honey
from 74 colonies, spring count. I now have
84 colonies, and must feed at least 200 pounds
or lose heavily the coming winter.

Scott Co., 111., Oct. 28. P. B. Thaxton.

Not An Average Season

The yield of honey this season was slightly
below the average, but the fall (low being
fairly good the bees are in tine shape for win-
tering. Brood-rearing is being kept up quite
well. This is especially true with the golden
Italians and black colonies.

I can'tquitnlike the 3-banded Italians for
this section, as they slack up on brood-rear-
ing during the honey-flow, and crowd the
brood-nest with honey ; and as our honey-flow
lasts several months, they are not prepared to
keep pace with the goldens. Albinos, and
blacks. I think I shall like the Holy Land
bees for this section, although I have only
tried them this season, and with only one
colony. . . _

I am highly pleased with the American Bee
Journal, and don't see how I have done with-
out it. It is just what I need, and you may
rest assured that I shall continue to read it.
One issue was worth the subscription price
for a year. Wm. S. McKniqht.

Barbour Co., Ala., Oct. 24.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Hive-Tool and Bee-Eseape Board

In speaking of hive-tools I will try to give
a description of one I use, which I find very
handy :

Take any old rasp, such as blacksmiths use.
Sharpen both ends (you can make it any
width and length you desire — mine is about 10
inches long) ; turn one end the same as a
garden hoe, making it about X inch deep.
Then you have a tool that you can pry off
supers or spread frames, cut burr or brace
combs, scrape propolis, smash cappings, or
cut down thick combs.

Also, I find by my plan of fixing a Porter
bee-escape I can clear supers of bees in I4
the time usually required. I tack 4 strips on
the escape-board, leading from each corner to
the hole in the escape. Those strips guide
the bees to the exit. 1 had been using this
long before I saw any mention of it in the
bee-papers. J. T. Jones.

Allegany Co., Md.

Expects Heavy Winter Looses

We have had a bad fall here for bees. I
think there wilj be heavy losses until spring
comes to us again. John Coche.ms.

Manitowoc Co., Wis. Oct. 31.

Bait-Sections Changing Color

On page 740, W. N. Root wants to know
why his bait or drawn sections change color,
or have a dark or amber spot while the bal-
ance is white. It he will examine closely he
will tind the dark spot in the bait-section is
where the „honey candied during the cold

Illinois— The 15th annual meelinr of the Ill-
inois Stale Bae Keepeis' Association will be
held in Springfield, on Tuesday and Wednes-
day, Nov. 21 and 22, I'SJS, in tbe room of the
Board of Supervisors in the Court Uousr. The
R. R. Rales will be as follows: All lines id the.
Western Pas enuer Associ ition will raaVe an
open rate of one fare plus 2S cents for the round
trip to Springfield, except from near points
where a fare and one third would te. less. All
lines in the Central Pabsenger Associauon will
make a similar rate on the Certificate plan, and
if not convenient for any attending c ur meet-
ing to come over the lines in the Western Asso-
ciation, if they will write 111? I will send ih»m
certificates which ih? Grand Secretary of 1 he
I O 0,F. assures me your local secreiaiy of the
same order will gladly sign. The Central Pas-
senger Association Lines are as loHows: Is. oi
O. S..W.R.R.; Big Fi.ur Route; r.& E I. R^R.;
CH JiD.R'v; I.,l AI.R K.: J.&St.L. R'y: L.E.
&W R R."; L. &N,K.R.: Southern K'y (St.
Louis niv.:) T., P. J; W. R'y; T., S^ L. i W.
R R.; Vandalia Line; Wabash R.R.,east of
Tolono. , .

The gocd results of this annual tee-
meeting rest on the members who attend it.
Our State gives us an appropriation to publish
our repoit and 10 suppress foul brood, and it is
the duty of every beekeeper of the Stale to
have a voice in the manner inwhuh this ap-
oropriation is used. All bee keepe^e are idviied
to come, and bring their wives. The railroad
rates will not be higher than an open raie of
one fare and a ihird for the round trip, and ef-
forts are being made by our Od(i Fellow friends
to secure a one fare for the round trip. Crood
hotel accommodations can always be had at
reasonable rates. Jas. A. Stone, Sec.

Route 4, Springfield. It'.

The Chicago-NoMhwestern Bee Keep-
ers' Association will bold a social session at
the Revere House, Dec. 1'.), lUOo, at 10 a.m. Al
2 p m. the same day will be held the regular
annual election of ollicers. Any other busi-
ness coming before the meeting will be at-
tended to. All who are accustomed to pay-
ing their dues to our Association, thereby
getting two memberships for the price of one,
will please hand the *1 to the secretary, or
mail it to him as usual. Tbe time in the
evening will be given to tbe National, as will
also the whole of the two following days.
Every one isrcordially invited to be present,

Nov. 9. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

781

FOR YOURSELF OR AS GIFTS!

both at the short sessions of the Chicago-
Northwestern, and at the "-session meeting of
the National Aesooiation.

Herman F. Moore, Sec
Park Itidge, 111.

N. B.— Any one paying their dues to the
National Association direrl. will have to pay
another dollar to the Chicago-Northwestern,
it it is desired to become a member of the
latter organization also. Hand your dues to
H. F. Moore, the Secretary. H. F. M.

Worker

Queen

Drone

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

[Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on the other side. )

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say just what
name and uddress you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is mdde beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as trans-
parent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed
the name and residence of the owner, and on the other side pictures of a
tjueen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The 31aterial entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best
quality; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel,
and we warrant every blade. Jt will last a life-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife? — In case a good knife is lost, the
chances are the owner will never recover if, but if the " Novelt" " is lost,
having name and address of owner, the tinder will return it; otherwise to try
to destroy the name and address would destroy the knife. If traveling, and
you meet with a serious accident, and are so fortunate as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and, in case of
death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25,
or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one year — both
for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

A SOLID GOLD ToUNTAIN PEN

Finally, we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in price.
The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than $1.25 for other
fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give satisfac-
tion. The Gi)ld Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium. The Holders
are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder gives a uniform
flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with directions and Filler.

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only SI. 25, or for $2.00 we will
mail it and the weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

1^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three
months (13 copies) for 20o; regular yearly price, $1.00.
Address all orders to

TELEPHONE

Facts for Farmers

Send for free booli .sii-A. It contains ■
telpphone facts that aro monev-savcrs
Stronibercr - farlson Tpl. Mf(;.
Co., Kochester, N.Y., Chicagclll,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111

Special Sale on
HIVES AND SECTIONS

Until Marcli 15. Dovetail Hives, 8-frame, IJS-
story, 1 25; lOframe, $1.40; No 1 bee-way Sec-
tions, 3.90; No. 2, $3.40; 24 lb. Shipping.Cases,
13c; fecundation, Smoliers, etc., cheap. Send
for 24 page Catalog free.

W. D. SOPER,

Rural Routes, JACKSON, MiCH.
43Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wb 8ell Root's Soods in Michiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bbll Branch, Waynb Co., Mich

40-Pa§e Catalog Free !
Full inftirmation regarding all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. Beet goods. I^ateet im-
provements. Danzen baker llives and Fixtures.
Pronopt shipments. John; Nebel & Son Supply
CO-.Iligb Hill, Mo, 3Dtf

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantiaUy in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal— Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $] .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for J2.00 ; or, we wUl
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
% size Journal for one year, with $3.00.

, This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO, ILt,

Bargain in Bee-Supplies

On account of removing from the city, I wish to sell at once the list of bee-supplies given
below. Will sell the lot at less than one-half the present retail prices as shown by Root's cata-
log. They certainly are a big bargain.

7 — 8-frame hive-stands
2— Sframe wood-zinc boards
2— Danzenbaker Hive-covers
3 — Keversible hive-bottoms
9 — 10-frame dovetailed supers
5 — 10 frame dovetailed winter. cases
24 — Sframe dovetailed supers
9 — 8-frame dovetailed extracting-supers
2— lO-frame dovetailed hives
3 — S-frame dovetailed hives

To^-M fences

1 — Danzen baker bottom and detachable

alighting-board
10 — 8 frame hive covers
16— Hoffman top-bars
800 — txiixl-'H sections (new)

7 — Miller feeders

2 — 8-frame bee-escape boards
25— S-frame hives (new)
25 — 8-frame 2P supers (new)

500 plain sections (new)

$40 will take the lot if ordered at once.

For farther particulars, address, MISS M. A. C.\IiD\VKLiL, Morton Park, 111.
Mention Bee Jonrnal when writing.

Ie\.BO For
, <<• 200 Ego

INCUBATOR

9 Perfect in construction ana
-cttuu. FiaMhea every fertU*
^ egg. Wrlt« for catalog to^j ,

I OEO. H. STAHL. Qclncy, 111,

4tA26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Eniersou Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Joaraal we mall for
bat .5 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1. so, it ii
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this Emerson " no further binding Is necei-
s »ry .

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

DON'T BE BOTHERED

withli.e-u i.onltry.SehlldVLIelit-
nliifi: Ltt'c- Killing Machine instant-
ly removes them from tiniest chick
or fatffobhler. 3 sizes. Also I'nultry
Bits. Lice Murder, Utrhttiinff I.ice
Kiltinpr Powder, etc. Cjitalop free.

CIIART,E8 SOlin.U r<>..
S Frunkt-ort St. Cleveluiid, U*

782

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 9, 190S

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. JLewis' Cioods at factory prices. Cat-
alog free. Cash orders at catalog prices on such goods as mentioned in special list.

Before November 9 percent discount

" December 8 " "

" January 7

Before February 6 percent discount

March 5 " "

April 3 "

Ask for special list now, free

Honey-Paekages for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets, Cila<is Jars tvilli patent sprins
sealers and glass stoppers; regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send -
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. If
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Best service.

lowest treiglit rates, satislaolion to all.

CKjl O^^^^TT .ff ^O 1004 East Wash. Street
. IVI. OV/W I I & WW> INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •^•3• ^•^

♦•{•

Mention Bee Journal Trben writing.

Glass Jars for Boney

We can ship by return freight at the

following prices : ., „, o ,

i^-lb. Jars with corks— 1 case of 31 doz. for

$5.50; 3 cases, $15.50.
%-\h. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for

15.25; 3ca«es for $15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 12 doz., for J5;

3 cases for .$14.

mnd* Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-lnoh Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any ;
good as new. If interested write for price.

YORK HONEY "^HP^^d^ CO.

(Not incorporatf d)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicnltnral Field more
A. completely than any other published,
* 8end$l.20to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Diacoonta to tbe Trade.

For Sale-2 5,000 Lbs. rtlned

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound for tbe lot, or 6V2C

for less, F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mentloo the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey — Fancy white, Tc; fancy
amber, 6J..<c; Mc less in 5case lots or more.
C. C. CLEMONS & CO
4Sitf KANSAS CITY, MO.

Mention Bee Journal when vrritlng.

Big Discounts
on Bee=5upplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec.l 8 " March 1... 4

Jan. I 7 " I April 1 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.

Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVKNPORT, IOWA
38A1f Please mention the Bee Journal.

C(

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

rj 1— Is what we are making for our customers.

a W — DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

« ifC We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.

(5 THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., riarshfield, Wis.

8 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during November. Send for our Catalog.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

^2l"e honey- jars

The No. 25 HoneyJar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tipbt, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one e^ross
each:

1 gross lots $4 50 per gross

5 " " 4.C0 "

Alio in strong RE-SH PPINQ CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.<X1 per case

5 " 95

10 " -90 "

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re*
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 8Sc

10 " " " 80c

20 " •' " 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 i. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please meatiun tbe Bee Journal.

bn sisai IS en g mojj rjsB^ pny
B wo 00 aaAa^j 1

a; =q5|

PatM187S, '&it 'Vi & lUUS

Otisvtlle, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything" in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
If I trant any more smokers your new style la
good enong'h for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

PURE BASSWOOD

HONET

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Bass-
\«'oo(i Honey in 60-lb. cans that we can
ship t)y return freight at these prices : 2 cans,
boxed, at 9 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans, at
one time, 8)-^ cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYl^u^PP^L^v^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaaS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHia.
41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

nOlNLlY AfNU L>^L^^ . • ,-^y\

When consigning, buyinu or Felling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St. Chic<^go. III.

Nov. 9. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

783

Lowest Prici

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 "

" January 1 " "

" February 1 6 "

" March 1 4

" April 1 2

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 25 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly,
SOc a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our larg^e, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W.T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN.N. Y.
Mention Bee Journal when irrltlng.

Chicago, Oct. 5.— The demand for comb
honej is about as usual for the season of year.
Offerings irom the surrounding States arefullj
equal to me past season, but that from Colorado
and the Middle Western States are not. No. 1
to fancy white comb honey sells at 13@14c,
with an occasional sale at 15c; the ofE grades
embracing crooked combs, etc., sell at IKati^c;
amber grades difficult to place at 9^'lOc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c, according to kind, body
and flavor and package; ambers 5K@6}^ cents.
Beeswax selling upon arrival at 30c if clean;
off grades about 2c per pound less.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 6.— Reports from differex
parts of the country give evidence of an almost
total failure in the comb honey crop, excepting
the points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb honey at from 14(i/' 16 cents per
pound, by the case. The demand for extracted
honey Is about equal to the receipts, which are
good. We continue to sell amber in barrels at
5K@6c; white clover at 6H@'7Mc. For beeswax
we are paying 30c per pound, cash, delivered
here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

Thb Frkd W.MtjTH Co.

Ineianapolis, Oct. 12.— There is a good de-
mand for strictly fancy white comb honey,
demand and supply running about even. De-
mand for lower grades of comb honey not good.
Numerous shipments of hooey arriving, but no
one producer s'*ems to have very great quanti-
ties to offer. I quote fancy white at 15@l6c;
No. I in poor demand at I2c, and amber dull at
10c. Best grade extracted briags 8@0c in 60-lb.
cans; amber slow at Sc. Beeswax. 28@30c.

Walter S. Pouder.

Albany, N.Y., Oct. Z**.— Not much change in
our honey market this week. Demand is good
at 13@l5c for clover; H@13c for mixed; ll(ai2c
for buckwheat. Extracted, white. 7@7^ cents;
mixed, 6(^6^c; buckwheat, 6@6>^c. Beeswax
firm at 30f« 32c. U. R. Wright.

Philadblpbia, Oct. 19.— Honey has been ar-
riving freely in the last 10 da; s. There are still
some small producers who have a few hundred

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

8 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

?3« NOVEMBER \^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

c. H.W.WEBER "s:r

Office and Silesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

pounds, and want to dispose of it quickly and
get their money, who are keeping the prices
down. We quote; Fancy white, I4@16c; No. 1,
UlotHc; amber, 10@llc. Extracted honey rules
firm at Si^iaaj^c for amber; 6}i@Ti6c (or white.
Beeswax firm, 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Kansas City, Oct. 9.— The honey market
here at present is very strong at $3 25 per case
for No. 1 and fancy white comb in 24.sectioD
cases; amber and other grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at 6J4c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Toledo, Oct. 17 — The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the same as
last quotations. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, 14i:; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 65i@6Kc;
amber, in barrels, S@5!4c; in cans, Ic to IMc
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros,

Cincinnati, O., Oct. 24.— The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the price high. We quote fancy
water-white comb honey No. 1 white closer
from 14@loc; No. 2 from 12H(a'14c. Extracted
seems to be more plentiful. In barrels, light

amber, 5W@Sh^c; in cans, ^c more. White
clover from 7@Se. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C. H. W. Wbber.
New York, Oct. 20.— Comb honey is now ar-
riving very freely and the demand is good for
nearly all grades. We quote fancy white at
13i« I4c; No. 1, ll@12c; amber, 10@llc, and buck-
wheat, 10c. Extracted in good demand. Arri-
vals of California are la' ge while from other
sources receipts are very light. We quote Cal-
ifornia at from 5!.^@7c per pound, according to
quality and quantity; Southern in barrels and
half-barrels, at 55@60c psr gallon. Beeswax
firm and scarce at 29@30c.

HlLDRETH A SeGELKEN

San Francisco, Oct. 25.— White comb, l-lb
sections, 8@9cent8; amber, 6(i- 7c. Extracteo-
water-white, 5@— c; white, 4K@4?ic; light am-
ber, 3%@4 cents; amber,3@3)4c; dark amber,
2}<@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 25@27c.

A rather limited amount of trading has been
done during the current week for the reason that
apiarists are hesitating to let their honey go at
the present figures that buyers seem disposed
to offer. The yield in southern Califoi nia has
been more than the average, but the bee men are
expecting to get a good price for it, as reports
from other sections indicate a considerable
shortage.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in NoroRip shipping

CASES. ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER, QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE. AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT, AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 6t WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

New Comb honev-Crop of 1905

We believe it would pay tbose having' it in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us jour low-
est Fpot cash prices, and fully describe the
e'oods and slyleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

Manzanoli, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please meution the Bee Journal,

FOR SALE

Until further notice, tinebt quality new crop
California WalerWhite White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam
pies, and state quantity yon want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKCN

26S & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y

34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

7fi4

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

Nov. 9, 1905

■ 9f

''Meet Me at Chicago"" lewis

Are You Going to the National Bee-Keepers'

Convention at Chicago ?

If so, be sure to make your headquarters

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ing' Convention and city. Respectfully,

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

JUST THINK OF IT !

LEWIS' NO. 1 FINE

WHITE POLISHED

SECTIONS

1^000 @*1 60 per thousaad

2,000 (3 4,48

3,000 @ 4 37

4,000 @ 4 25

5,000 @ 4 14

10,000 @ 3 91

25,000 (&' 3,6S

50,000 (<i 3 40

IF ORDER WITH CASH IS SENT IN, THIS
MONTH

as these prices are net after November discount is deducted.

Hives and Other Supplies Proportionately
Cheap

Send for Catalog Containing Discounts and
List of Agents

Q, B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at Chicago

]\|VVERie

Bee Journal

WEEKLY-SI. 00 A YEAR

Published by GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 334 Dearborn Street

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., NOVEMBER 16, 1905

No. 46

ft

>

f

k]

One of the Largest Orange Trees in California,

Near the Apiary of Mr. J. F. Mclntjre. in Ventura County. Mr. M. is shown standing at the lower right hand corner of the picture.

786

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAl,

Nov. 16, 1905

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK S CONPAN Y

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal fa
$l,cio a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 6U
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispsiii.
For instance, '■dec(t5"on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dt.cember.

SUBSCRIPTION KECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the dateon your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING BATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members In their
lawful rishts. ■ ^ *v, ^ i* *■ *

sd.— To enforce laws against the adulteration oi
boney. -

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

tS^lf more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
Dubiishers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 2n) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10. increased by one-
flfth of one (l ) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George W. York, Manager,

3a4 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Italian Queen- Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
1905, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending us ONE NEW subscription with $1. oof or the
Bee Journal a year. Now is the lime to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use as samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

A

FRESH
HATCH
EVERY
DAY

By a simple hut effective me-
chanical arran^renient and a
new application of nature's
laws the " CONTINUOUS "
HATCHER makes it possible
to keep up a continuous hatch-
ingr of chicks from one ma-
chine—A FRESH HATCH EVERY

DAY. Removing chicks from
machine and replacing tliem
with fresh eggs does not inter-
fere witli or retard process of

incubation. This is possible

with no other incubator. One

"CONTINUOUS" HATCHER

will hatch as many chicks
as several ordinary incu-
bators. Simple. etTective.
sure. Free catalog tells
how. Write for it today.
Hacker Incubator & Mfg. Co,
3127 N. Jefferson Ave.
St, Louis, Mo,

" If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " 'S^

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goofls at Root's rrlces

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrttlug advertisers.

Everything- used by Bee Keepers. ^te

POUbER'S HONEY-JARS. Protnpt Service. ^

Low Freight Rates. .'. .•. .'. Catalog Free. ^

If you wish to purcha.':e finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my ^^
free monthly price-list of honey. ^a^

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE. and avail ^
yourself of the following very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality, «»

For cash orders before Dec. 1 .-8 percent I For cash orders before Feb. 1. .6 percent ^^

For cash orders before Jan. 1.. 7 percent I For cash orders before Mar. 1.. 4 percent ^fT

For cash orders befoi e Apr. 1 . . 2 percent ^^

WALTER S. rOUDER, f

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

li'- .liAii' .«■#«' .vA'- .«i*- .tiA''' >i''- .WAb. .liAir. .«#■'. .WAv. .«'Air. .WASr. .WAir. .yit'». .tfAW. .WAb. .llAir. .WAir. .W#ir. .•m^ii- .lii«, «Ab. .«Ak. .k#k. .«Air.

!#.•' ''!9.* ''.^y '1$^ 'f f." ".$?■ '.^f^ >9.* if." i^i* 'fl-* "■v' >9-* "'%!* '!# •* if." 'f#>" '^91^ 'i9^ ''tf." ^.*' ''if.*' 'ft.*' '<■#.■>' ''f.*' 'ffy
nientlon Bee Journal n'hen Tvrltlng.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION r'Se BEST

Now is the titne to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

T»7

QVS. DITTMER,

Augusta, Wis.

Money Saved is Money Made

Bee-Supplies bought NOW are subject to a generous discount from our regular low
prices. We do this to keep our factory busy. Send us a list of what you need and we
will make you a price by return mail that will convince you.

If you want a catalog that is more than a price-list — that contains valuable infor-
mation on bee-keeping — you must hurry to have your name placed on our mailing-list.
Only a limited number will be printed. It's free, of course.

JOHN DOLL & SOX,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

When attending the National Bee-Keepers*
Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19. 20, 21

COME AND INSPECT

LEAVIS' BEE-IVARE

CO. ifnt)

aRND,
Mgr.
BEESWAX WANTED

AND MAKE YOUR HEADQUARTERS AT

YORK HONEY

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559
Catalog and prices on Honey on application.

If you want

Oood 4xood!!i at Factory Prices and Prompt Ship-
ment, send your orders, or call on us.
26c cash, or 28c when taking- Bee-Supplies in exchange— delivered here.

8 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN NOVEMBER.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal KnlsSS^

Nov. 16, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

787

-AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

"DADABT'S FOUKDATION"

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade l-lb. 51bs. 10-lbs. 251bs.

SO lbs.
...48
...50

. . .55
...58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

'* October 9 **

Mprlinm Rrnnri ^'i 53 51 49

'* November 8 *'

Light Brood 57 55 53 51. . .

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56. . .

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63 61 59. . .

" December 7 "•

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

March 2 " .

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

i

i
*
i
i
i
i
i

i

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

OF

^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Powcy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

3Iention Bee Journal when Y\TitiDg.

B66 ■ SODDII68 ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest ^;

variety of everything needed in the ^•

Apiary, assuring bestgoods at lowest ^^

i^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free lUiis- ^'

,"5 trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^:

;^ Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language. ^.

< KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa. ^:

^ AGENCIES S^

-i Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton ,& Ford, Garden City, Kansas. S^

■^ Shugart& Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^'

•w Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. &

Mentiun Bee Journal ^Thcn ^^ritiug.

Get iew Snbscrlbers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
"" send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

I Bee-Keepers'
I Early DiscoiiDts

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Before October 1. . . .deduct 10 percent

November 1 . .
December 1. .
January 1. . ..
February 1 . . .

March 1

April 1

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
iowett Can take Honey and Beeswax
in e.Ycbauge for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOUjHJDO, - OHIO.

Blentiou Bee Journal ivhen wtUIdk.

788

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 16, 190S

SPECIAL ISSUE of Gleanings in Bee Culture, Dec. 15, 1905

&&-

KISTM AS - 19 0 5

our halt-tones for this issue. In
this preliminary anDOuneement
we are unable to specify defi-
nitely the subjects that will be
given, but those who are at all
familiar with Gleanings for the
past year will know that a treat
iQ illustrations is in stoie for
them. We can definitely an-
nounce now that some of the
prize photographs in our second
photographic contest. Americaa
and Foreign, will appear in this
issue. Our engravings are made
by the very finest engravers in
the United States, insuring first-
class work in every case.

Writers

For this issue we shall
our regular contributors,
as Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M.
little. Prof. A. J. Cook,

We are pleased to announce
that extensive plans are under
way for a magnificent Christ-
mas issue of Gleanings in Bee
Culture, ready for mailing Dec.
loth. It is planned that this is-
sue shall by far exceed in lis
wealth of contributed articles,
its half tone illustrations, and
its cover design, anything here-
tofore attempted in bee-keep-
ing' literature. It will consist
of at least lUO pages, and should
be kept by every bee-keeper.

Cover

The cover is printed In three
colors by one of the best color-
printing establishments in the
United States. We were not
satisfied to attempt this our-
selves, and have gone to great
expense for the printing of this
cover. The design is something
unique, and viry pleasing in-
deed. It shows the red clover
in its natural colors in all its
beauty, and, altogether, will
make a bee-keeper's. magazine
that will compare favorably
with any of the literary maga-
zines of the present day.

Half-Tone Illustra-
tions

During the past summer we
have had a special artist who
has been sent to various points
especially to take photographs
for us. He has traveled on our
account alone the pastsumn?er
over 4000 miles, and we can
promise something very fine in

various races of queens, dealers in bees, dealers in general supplies, dealers in special articles for bee-keepers. It will be valu-
able alike to the advertiser and to the subscriber, and no bee-keeper in the country can afford to miss this issue; neither can
any advertiser afford to miss the opportunity of being represented in its columns.

Subscription Rates

We are making a short-time offer— a special trial trip cf 6 months for 25 cents, which will include this Dec. 15th issue.
This one number alone should be worth 25 cents to any bee-keeper. We can not promise to hold this offer open indefinitely,
for our cover pages will necessarily have to go to press considerably in advance of the day of publication ; and after the num-
ber contracted for are sold, we shall not be able to supply additional copies. It is important, therefore, that your subscription
be received promptly.

WANTED-25 YOUNG MEN

There is now, and has been for years, a greater demand for experienced bee-help than there are men ready for these
places. Each winter and spring we are obliged to disappoint many large apiarists by telling them we do not know where suit-
able help can be found. The demand is already begining for the season of 15)06.

■ We have found that many who take our course in bee-culture by correspondence prefer to go into business for them-
selves, so we still need active young men who have a fair knowledge of the subject— men whom we know something about—
who can be recommended for the places frequently offered. We have, therefore, determined to-day to offer a limited course in

BEE-KEEPING BY MAIL

We shall desiginate this as Course No. 2. The lessons are identical with the lessons in Course No. 1. The time, how-
ever, is limited to one year from enrollment. The course may be easily completed in H to 4 months. The following is the

OXJTXjI3SrE3 OF COXJR,SB!

have
such
Doo-
J. A.
Green, and Louis Scholl, besides
special contributed articles, es-
pecially for the number, by
E. W. Alexander, Dr. E. F.
Phillips, of Washington, D. C,
and others.

Other Features

Not only shall we make the
magazine a thing of beauty and
special value in its reading-col-
umns, but special attention will
be given to making it of value
as a reference-book — a sort of
yearbook for bee-keepers — so
that it will be kept for frequent
reference throughout the fol-
lowing year. We expect to
have all of the reliable adver-
tisers represented in its col-
umns, such as the breeders of

1. Definitions of Terms

2. Inmates of the Hive

3. Comb

4. Handling Bees

5. Transferring

6. Building Up Colonies

7. The Honey-Flow
S. Swarming

14. Enemies of Bees

15. Establishing an Apiary

16. Queen Rearing

17. General E.xamination

9. Rendering Normal

10. Preparing for Winter

11. Wintering

12. Spring Managenent

13. Bee Diseases — Syniptonis

TER-IvlS OF COXJR,SH! S FULL-CASH PAYMENT

Compleie course as outlined, lessons, personal answers to all questions, including the A B C of Bee-Culture (500-page book,)
and Gleanings in Bte Culture, (serai monthly,) for one year, $5.00.

With either the A B C or Gleanings omitted in case you have one, $4 00.

With both omittfd in case you have both, $3.03. .. ^ „ ,_,,.. i,, ^ r,nrn

If a full colony of Italian bees with tested queen li wanted, in either Dovetailed or Danzenbaker hive, we will, for $10.10 extra,
deliver one colony at your express station, at any point in U.S. east of the Mississippi River, or make equal allowance to other
points. ^—

83^ Cl'T HERE "©l*

The Root Correspondence School of Bee Culture, Medina, Ohio.

.190.

Enclosed find in payment of one course of instruction (No. 3) in the Root Correspondence School of

Bee Culture. ^ , „^ ,

Name P-0 State

County or Street Express Office

Please answer the following : Have you a colony of bees? Have you an ABC of Bee Culture of 1903

or 1905, which ? Have you already subscribed for Gleanings this year?

®®

i l5Mp[Ew|iE!!!

T T ▼▼▼▼▼^▼▼▼▼▼^▼▼▼▼^ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ TyT^ ^ y

(Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
PubUshed YVeekly at S1>00 a Tear by George W. Tork & Co., 334 Oearbom St.

QBORae W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER 16, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 46

The American Bee Journal is absolutely an independent publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping-, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves to be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 4Sth year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during its long and honorable history.

iT

V.

(fbttortal Hotcs £n! Comments

=\

=j

National Convention Postponed Two
Weeks— Now Dec. 19, 20 and 21

We have received the following from Secre-
tary Hutchinson:

Another slight postponement of the Na-
tional convention seems to be unavoidable.
The Fat Stock Show, upon which we have
depended for reduced rates on the railroads,
has been postponed two weeks. The reason
given is " the inability of the builders of the
amphitheater to secure structural steel for
the same," and they don't wish to hold the
show out-of-doors, hence the delay. Of course
there will be no excursion rates during the
first week in December, and, as it would be
suicidal to attempt to hold a convention with-
out excursion rates, the Executive Committee
has decided to postpone the convention two
weeks in order to take advantage of the Fat
Stock Show rates. The dates for the conven-
tion will now be Dec. 19, 20 and 21, 1905.

The place of meeting has also been changed
to Brunt Hall, in the Bush Temple of

BUSH TEMPLE OF MnSIC

Music, corner of North Clark Street and
Chicago Avenue (entrance on Clark Street.)
This was done because it was feared that the
accommodations at the Revere House might
prove too limited. The Chicago bee-keepers,

with their customary enterprise and liberality,
will pay for the use of the Hall. It is only
5 minutes walk north from the Revere House,
which will be headquarters for the members.
This new place of meeting is in a new build-
ing where everything is modern. There are
adjoining committee rooms, toilet rooms,
good drinking water, and elevator service
both day and night.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

Now that the time of holding the National
convention is finally and definitely settled, we
hope a large number of bee-keepers will find
it a very convenient time to get away from
home for a few days and attend the meeting.
Surely, it is late enough, so that all the fall
farm work will be out of the way. The only
thing that might prevent attendance would be
the chores — caring for the farm stock, etc. —
but doubtless some arrangement can be made
for that, so that nothing will suffer while at-
tending the National convention.

The following is the revised
Program for the National Convention.
FIRST DAY— Tuesday.
EvENiNii Session- 7;30 P.M.

Wax-Kendering Methods and their Faults^
O. L. Hershiser, Buffalo, N. Y.

Can the Tariff on Comb Honey be Tinkered
to the Advantage of the United States Bee-
Keeper?— Hildreth A: Segelken, New York.

SECOND DAY— Wednesday.
Morning Session — 9:30 a.m.
How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep?— E. D.
Townsend, Remus, .Mich.

Short Cuts in Bee-Keeping — M. A. Gill.
Longmont, Colo.
Question-Box.

Afternoon Session- 2:00 p.m.

The Control of Increase— L. Stachelhausen,
Converse, Tex.

Migratory Bee-Keeping — R. F. Holtermann,
Brantford, Canada.

The Dietetic and Hygienic Relations of
Honey— Dr. E. L. Eaton. State Analyst Illi-
nois Food Commission, Chicago.

Question-Box.

Evening Session- 7:30 p.m.

Contagious Diseases Among Bees and How
to Distinguish Them— Dr. Wm. R. Howard,
Ft. Worth, Tex.

Experimental Apiculture— Dr.E. F. Phillips,
Washington, D. C.

THIRD DAY— Thursday.

Morning Session— 9:30 a.m.

The Honey-Producers' League — Can it Help
Bee-Keepers!— R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

The Business End of Bee-Keeping'-N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.

Successful Experience in the Making of
Honey- Vinegar— H. M. Arnd, Chicago.

Question-Box.

Afternoon Session— 2:00 p.m.

In What Way Can Bee-Keepers Secure their
Supplies at Lower Prices?— W. H. Putnam,
River Falls, Wis.

How the Producer and Dealer May Advance
their Mutual Interests— Fred W. Muth, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.

Question-Box.

Evening Session — 7:30 p.m.

What Have We to Hope for from the Non-
Swarming Hive!— L. A. Aspinwall, .Jackson,
Mich.

Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper —
Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Qovernment Distribution of Queens

We have received the following;

Washington, D. C, Oct. 30, 1905.
Dear Mr. York:— I inclose a circular let-
ter which outlines a plan of distribution
which is to be followed by the Bureau of En-
tomology in the future. If you wish to do so
you are at liberty to publish it in your .Jour-
nal, as it may be of interest to some of your
readers. Yours very truly,

E. F. Phillips,
Acting in Charge of Apiculture.

The circular letter referred to by Mr.
Phillips, reads thus:

Distribution of Queen-Bees.

It has been customary in the past for the
Bureau of Entomology to distribute a limited
number of queen-bees of the more rare varie-
ties to bee-keepers. This distribution is not
intended to be general, since that would tie
impossible; and, to prevent misunderstand-
ing, the following method, to be used in all
future distributions, is announced:

It is desired that some of the less common
varieties which have proven so good may be-
come more widely known among the bee-
keepers of the country, to take the place, in

790

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 16 190S

60 far as possible, of the common black bees
and of certain strains of Italian bees which
seem to have deteriorated.

Carniolan bees are very prolific and are, at
the same time, gentle, and there are records
to show that as honey-producers they are ex-
cellent. The recently introduced Caucasian
bees, which have attracted considerable atten-
tion, are the most gentle bees known at the
present time, and records of honey-produc-
tion now coming in indicate that they are ex-
cellent. The Cyprian race, which has been
criticised on account of its temper, ranks sec-
ond to none in honey-production.

Of these races, the Carniolans are sold in
this country to some extent, and the Cyprians
in less numbers; so far no queen-breeder has
offered Caucasian queens for sale, and there
is, without doubt, an opportunity for a wide
sale of these queens, as evidenced by the re-
quests which come to the Bureau of Ento-
mology.

The Bureau can do more toward the wider
introduction of these races by inducing re-
liable men to take up the rearing of pure-
bred queens than by a more general distribu-
tion. It is not the purpose merely to give
away queens, and the future distributions
will be limited as follows:

To any experienced queen-breeder who will
guarantee to rear queens and mate them
purely in considerable numbers for general
sale, the Bureau will send, as far as the sup-
ply will allow,one high-grade breedingqueen,
purely mated and carefully tested. In addi-
tion, several queens whose matings are not
known will be sent for drone-production,
since drones are not affected by the mating;
all queens, however, will be from good stock,
the number to depend upon the supply at
hand. The breeder 'making the request must
give evidence of his ability to rear gcod
queens, must agree to offer at least 200 pure-
bred queens a year for sale to the general pub-
lic, and must not ask for them an exorbitant
price. It is the opinion of the Department
that 30 percent more than the current price
for Italian queens would be fair. It will also
be expected that in future years the breeders
will do their utmost toward the improvement
in honey-production, at the same time main-
taining the purity of the races. The Bureau
will be glad to aid breeders of this class to its
utmost ability, but will not aid in any way a
breeder who offers for sale or sells crossed
hybrids of the various races, except in the
case of untested queens, and even in that case,
every possible effort should be made to get
pure matings.

After this distribution, all inquiries to the
Bureau will be answered by giving a list of
reliable breeders, including those who have
received stock from the Government apiary ;
and the name of any breeder who knowingly
sends out inferior stock will be dropped. It
is not the purpose to interfere with the private
business of the persons receiving queens, but
these precautions are taken to protect the bee-
keepers of the country.

No applications for queens under other cir-
cumstances will be considered. All applica-
tions will be considered in the order of their
receipt. Yours respectfully.

Approved : L. O. Howard,

James Wilson, Eidomologist.

Secretary of Agriculture.

That Bee. Tanging Business

The following is from Prof. Bigelow, with
reference to an editorial on page 709 :
Founded On Fact or On Foolishness?

Editor American Bee .Jocrnal —

In your issue of Oct. 12, 1 note that you re-
fer to my discussion in Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture as to whether or not noise has any effect
on a swarm of bees, or whether the custom
known as "tanging" at swarming-time (as
practiced for generations by our ancestors)
had absolutely no relation to the habits of the
bees, but was founded on a forgotten edict by
Alfred the Great as to ownership.

It is evident that you got only an imperfect
notion of what I am driving at, for you refer
to the article as a " sort of defense of the cus-
tom." What I had in mind, and what I sup-
posed that I had made clear, has no connec-

tion of any kind with present-day apiculture.
It is evident that I am lookingat bees so com-
pletely from the-natural-history point of view,
while you and certain other editors are so in-
terested in the practical and manipulative
parts of the business, that there is danger of
our misunderstanding each other. I will try
to make my meaning clearer in the future.

If, for example, I had advanced arguments,
in a sportsman's paper, to show that fish have
auditory organs, I should be more surprised
to see the editor teach, on my responsibility,
that it would be possible to attract fish to a
net by the use of a bass drum and a cornet,
than I am to learn that you and certain other
writers think that I am advocating the res-
toration of the ancient custom of " tanging "
at swarming-times. I am advocating nothing
of the kind, so far as practical bee-culture is
concerned.

To return to the illustration: Every prac-
tical fisherman knows, for instance, that fish
have an auditory sense, but of what use he
can make of that fact is for him to decide. I
am not a practical fisherman. I am a student
of Nature.

I stated certain facts from my experience
that led me to think that the " city chaps "
and the funny papers are all wrong in ridicul-
ing the custom. The editor of Gleanings in
Bee Culture seems not to miss the point, but
in an editorial comment cites, from his own
experience, facts bearing upon the subject,
but you and a writer in his periodical almost
ridicule me for " advocating the custom."

What I want to bring out is not ridicule for
advocating tanging (when I am not advocat-
ing anything), but facts pro or con from the
experiences of practical bee-keepers to show
what effect, if any, noise and confusion have
on a swarm of bees. We know that bees can
be influenced by smoke. Can they be driven
or influenced by sound, or by light (such as
the flashing of sunlight from mirrors), or by
confusion in any form. Is there a central or
directing leadership, that such noises, light,
or confusion, break up?

Let us occasionally stop our talking about
the production of honey, and thereby the pro-
duction of money, and try to know the bee.
Yours very truly,

Edward F. Bigelow.

Fairfield Co., Conn.

Prof. Bigelow says there is danger of mis-
understanding each other, which is certainly
true, but it is equally true that there is no
desire to misunderstand or to misrepresent
him. His article in Gleanings, page 9.57, was
most assuredly understood as a " sort of de-
fense " of tanging, and there is just as assur-
edly a misunderstanding of Editor Root's foot-
note it the latter viewed it in any other light.
His opening sentence reads:

" It is possible that bee-keepers heretofore
have not given enough attention to the sub-
ject of noises of some kind to drown swarm-
ing-notes, either of the queen or of the scouts;
but from experiments which I have made my-
self I am satisfied that water from a spray-
pump, thrown on bees while in tlie air, is
vastly more effective than any noise that may
be made."

However he may have understood Prof.
Bigelow, Mr. Root certainly seems to be dis-
cussing the efficacy of tanging as compared
with spraying.

But Prof. Bigelow's word is suflicient war-
rant for the fact that he does not advocate
tanging, and it is worth while to consider the
questions he raises in the latter part of his
communication. Can any one give facts that
ha7e a reasonably certain bearing on the case?
Such facts will be welcomed.

National Convention In Chicago

Secretary Hutchinson writes thus prophet-
ically in the October Bee-Keepers' Review
about the Chicago convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, the dates of which

have been changed to Dec. 19, 30 and 21, as
the annual Fat Stock Show was postponed
two weeks, on account of which bee-keepers
will secure reduced railroad rates :

The coming convention of the National,
that is to be held in Chicago the third week in
December, promises to be well attended and
profitable. While its removal to Chicago was
a disappointment to the Texans, I have re-
ceived several letters from them saying that
under the circumstances the change was a
wise one. Of course, if all goes well, another
year we will feel in duty bound to go to
Texas; not only this, but we will be ffJad to
go. Since the announcement that the con-
vention will be held in Chicago, I have re-
ceived many letters from men who are pleased
with the change, as it will allow them to
attend.

So far as I can see, the convention promises
much. Apparently there are no feuds, no
opportunities for squabbles and bickerings;
the date comes after the hurry of the season
is over; there will be exceeding low rates on
the railroads, and low rates at the hotels;
Chicago is the railroad center of a great
honey-producing region ; the program is not
only varied, but it embraces living, practical
topics. I predict that the Chicago conven-
tion will be a rousing one; harmonious and
full of practical discussion ; and one from
which men will go home feeling that it was
good that they had been there.

We trust that all of Mr. Hutchinson's fond
hopes for the Chicago convention of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association will be rea-
lized on Deo. 19, 30 and 21. We see no rea-
son why it should not be far ahead of any pre-
ceding convention. Surely, as time goes on,
and as more experience is gained, there should
be a constant progress on the part of all.

Secretary Hutchinson has done his part to
make the coming convention the best ever.
It only remains for all the bee-keepers, so far
as possible, to attend and unite in producing
an individually pleasant and profitable con-
vention.

*■

Fined for Selling Impure Food

A Chicago newspaper of Nov. 4 contained
the following item concerning the punish-
mant of some violators of the Illinois pure
food law :

Galesburg, III., Nov. ^. — [Special] —
Twenty-two grocers, arrested on a charge of
violating the pure food law by selling chemi-
cal vinegar, spurious butter, and bogus honey,
paid their fines of 125 and costs each today,
all pleading guilty. The plea is made by the
grocers that the goods were represented to
them as pure.

Well, 32 fined in one bunch isn't bad. Let
the good work go on. Surely, it is evidence
that the Illinois Food Commission is still
doing business. The pathway of the adul-
terator and the seller of adulterated food must
be made as rocky as possible. It is time that
the common people— all food consumers-
were protected from food frauds.

Comb Honey Guarantee Circulars.

— These were gotten up by Ttie Honey-Pro-
ducers' League, to be put into shipping-oases
before nailing them up for market. They are
mailed for only 10 cents for 50— practically
cost price. Every bee-keeper who has any
honey to sell by the case should use these
circulars. They will help to inspire confi-
dence in the genuineness of comb honey.
Send all orders to this oflioe.

Maeterlinck's " Life of the Bee."—

We have a few copies of this book, price, post-
paid, .SI. 40; or with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year— both for $2.00, as long as the
books last. It is a cloth-bound book, and has
437 pages.

Nov. 16. 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

791

^ (£ontrtbiiteb -f
Special drticles

=\

J'

Methods of Bee-Management in Idaho

BY K. F. ATWATER

MK. tiETAZ, in his mention of my methods and system on
page 727, has inferred a little more (from an article in
the Review) than the facts, and two more years of ex-
perience have somewhat changed my practice.

About half of our bees are now run for comb honey. We
continue to winter them in open sheds facing south, or else
pile them up in a long row, and protect the rear and top with
tar-paper. In this section (Boise Valley) high winds are rare,
and for low average wind velocity there are few places to
compare with it. One bee-yard is wintered on the summer
stands, as they are in a very sheltered locatioL.

For comb honey we use the 8-frame standard hive, some-
times 1^4 or 2 stories high, but mostly 1 story at all times.
For extracted honey we have mostly 10-frame Langstroth
hives, but the bee? are often wintered in 114 stories, and what
strong colonies they contain in the spring !

There are serious objections to the use of a very largo
frame (Dadant), but if the use of the 10-frame Draper barns
could be relied on to control swarming, I would use them. A
friend has 80 colonies in 13-frame Dadant hives, but they will
swarm at times.

I have 2000 plain, shallow extracting frames hanging on
nails, but they have not come up to my expectations. My
helpers always despise them.

For comb-honey hives we use Hoffman frames almost en-
tirely, and if I were to begin again, I think the Hoffman frame
would be best, even for extracting, though I don't know how
well they would work in 10-frame hives, where there is no
room for the division-board.

For the past two seasons, I am sorry to say that an
abundance of empty comb has not prevented swarming as
well as it should. Also, with Langstroth combs in the brood-
chamber and shallow combs above full of worker-comb, the
need of a queen-excluder is greatly lessened.

I plead guilty to hauling my extracting outfit from yard
to yard, but I hope to have a portable shop at each yard ere
long. Ida Co., Idaho, Oct. 30.

#

Wintering Bees on Solid Combs of Honey

BV C. P. DADANT

I HAVE read with interest the article on this subject, on
page 744, by Mr. J. L. Byer. I note his experience and
suggestions. It is impossible to write on the same subject
for years and not find some one whose experience differs from
ours, and whose views are consequently opposite. From the
different results thus brought to light the reader can gain
additional information which book-reading will not give.

Mr. Byer and myself have placed ourselves in different
positions at the outset. I wrote about colonies that have be-
come too heavy with honey. He writes about colonies that
have not enough, and must be fed, and his method is to feed
till the combs are entirely lilled. This would be entirely un-
necessary here, as the bees do not need so great an amount of
honey, and it would be as Mr. Hall told him — it would increase
the work in fall and spring.

In a state of Nature no colony will have its brood-combs
entirely filled — at least this is my experience — unless the
queen has failed in her laying during the latter part of the
honey crop. Besides, the bees will always keep the space
empty in the center, if they keep any empty space at all.
When we open a hive at the end of the last harvest we find
the outside combs fuller than the oth(!rs. If the bees enjoyed
having the combs on which they cluster entirely filled, tliey
would fill these from the outer ones as fast as the brood
hatches. But if the old iiuecn has ceased laying, and a young
one has been reared, they will, if everything else is full, fill
up the honey cells as fast as the brood hatches. A hive thus
filled is not in a good condition for winter, as there is no room
for brood. I have invariably found that such colonies would
d windle down and die out. A little space given to a young

queen before the season is too far advanced will induce laying,
and the colony will go into winter in better shape.

I have never seen bees winter well with a hive entirely
filled by them from the fields, though I am free to acknowl-
edge that it may be mainly from their having failed to breed
as late as they should have done : but I am yet of the opinion
that full combs are not desirable. Whenever I have supplied
a needy colony with combs full to the bottom, I have found
that they avoided clustering upon them, and showed their
preference for combs in which there was a fairly good space
of dry comb under the honey on which to cluster. A very
powerful colony will winter anyhow, if it has enough food,
but a very powerful colony will never have its combs entirely
filled, for it breeds to the end of the honey crop. I saw one
instance, years ago, where a colony filled every cell and then
dwindled to nothing before the winter was fairly begun.

Mr. Byer relates that he has fed colonies that were needy
until the combs were filled to the bottom. In this latitude, if
we were to feed a needy colony plentifully, the queen would be-
gin to lay. and a portion of the combs in the center of the hive
would be occupied witli brood. This brood would hatch and
consume enough of the stores to make a fairly good space for
the bees to cluster upon at the approach of cold weather, and
of course this space would increase as the weather became
colder, since the bees begin to consume at once, thus making
a sufficient space within a few weeks. But our latitude evi-
dently differs from that of which Mr. Byer writes, for we
never have seen five months of winter confinement without a
flight on the summer stands. That would mean the failure
of a single warm day from Nov. 15 to April IS. The bees here
would suffer from overloaded bowels before that time. Per-
haps this is due to a greater excitement during mild days,
owing to the warmth of the sun which shines hotter here than
further North.

I repeat it, I am strongly in favor of placing the bees in
the natural condition which they seem themselves to seek —
the possibility for them to cluster on dry comb where they
can keep the space warm more easily, and breed if so inclined
right under the hooey. There is no gain in their having more
honey than they can well consume during the cold weather,
and for spring use the honey of the outside combs, which are
usually well filled, is sufficient for all their needs. Yet it is
better to have an excess than a shortage, and too much is bet-
ter than not enough.

Old Bees for Mailing with Queens.

On page 746, Mr. Hasty wants to know why we prefer old
bees to accompany a queen that is sent away. I did not want
to be understood as wanting very old bees. But we want to
avoid using young bees that have not yet taken flight, because
they consume more honey than thi^ old ones, and are therefore
more likely to suffer from diarrhea in a long trip. Bees that
have been to the fields are just right. They have become
mature, and it takes little to sustain them.

Of course, with sugar feed the age of the bees is of less
importance than when honey is used as it was formerly.

Hancock Co., III.

Some Experiences with Bees

BY A. F. FOOTE'

IN looking over the American Bee Journal for Oct. 12, I
came across many things that make me feel as if I must
'■ speak out in meeting." In fact, I feel about the same
whenever I read any of those papers.

I had a little experience last summer — something on the
line of Dr. G. Bohrer's (pige Til), where there must have been
two queens in one hive for 20 days, though 1 actually saw but
one. The experience was this :

On July 2, 2 large swarms came out and clustered to-
gether. As has been my custom in such cases, I put them all
into one hive, putting on 3 supers to give them plenty of
room; but they were not satisfied, and on the third day they
deserted the hive in a body and all clustered together again,
and I put them into hive No. 2, adding 3 supers as before.
This time they went to work with a will, and on the 10th day
1 added the 4th super. On the 20th day after putting them
into hive No. 2, fully two-thirds of them came out with a rush,
and were placed in hive No. 3, with 2 supers added.

Examining No. 2, I found they had completely filled and
capped the first 3 supers, and nearly filled the 4th. I removed
the full ones, leaving the partly-filled one, which the remain-
ing bees finished up in good shape and still occupy it — a good,
strong colony, too.

792

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 16, 190S

Those which I put into No. 3 filled their 2 supers, and.
like the others, are now strong in bees and honey.

It looked to me as if there were 2 queens in hive No. 2 dur-
ing those 20 days. Anyway, they stored nearly 150 pounds of
section honey, besides putting enough in the brood chamber
for winter.

I started in the spring with 30 colonies, and increased to
SO. The honey season was short, but very brisk, and my har-
vest amounts to just about 71 pounds to the colony, spring
count.

I have never followed Dr. Miller's plan of using bottom
starters, but all my sections during the main honey-flow were
filled clear to the bottpm with barely a small bee-space at the
corners. A few sections, near the end of the season, were
capped before reaching the bottom. Perhaps with bottom
starters these would have been filled also, but I have my
doubts.

I am not in favor of filling a lot of supers beforehand in
anticipation of a big honey crop, with a liability of having a
lot left over unused. My plan is this: I prepare enough be-
forehand to go around, one super for each colony ; then, when
the swarming season approaches I go into the shop and begin
work folding sections, putting in starters and filling supers,
and I am right there ready to attend to every swarm that
issues. So I have something to keep me busy between times,
and do not have to sit around doing nothing, waiting for the
bees to swarm. Even with this method, the sudden closing of
the honey-flow the past season found me with about SO supers
on the hives with little or nothing in them.

Capturing swarms after they have clustered has been
rather a serious matter with me on account of so many tall
trees near my apiary. My swarm-catcher is a light frame one
foot square, and the same in depth, lined with cloth. This I
fasten to the end of a pole, and to lower a large swarm safely
to the ground on the end of an 18-foot pole is rather a tough
proposition, requiring the exertions of a strong man. But
last summer I hit upon a scheme that makes the matter com-
paratively easy, unless the swarm is more than 20 feet high.
I fastened a pulley at the top of ray longest pole, through which
a 34-inch rope is run, and a bracket at the bottom to fasten
the rope to when " fishing " for a swarm up a tree. One end
of the rope is provided with a snap to fasten the swarm-
catcher.

When ready for business I set the pole under the swarm,
pull the swarm-catcher to the top, fasten the rope to the
bracket at the bottom, shake the swarm into the box, and let
it down "just as easy as falling off a log," and with greater
satisfaction. This solves the problem very well when the
swarm is within reach of the pole ; otherwise a ladder has to
be used, which is very much against my " constitution."

Last summer I tried " shooting'" a swarm that had clus-
tered nearly 40 feet high. X was skeptical about being able
to cut the limb off with a shot-gun, but it came off slick and
clean the first shot. Still, that did not help me to secure the
bees, for, as I predicted, when they found themselves falling
a large part of them broke the cluster and took to wing, while
intervening limbs scattered the rest. All then " rose to the
occasion," and clustered higher than ever, so I had to resort
to the ladder after all.

Several years ago I had a swarm in the air which seemed
determined to go to the woods. My wife came to the door
and said, " Why don't you take the shot-gun and shoot into
them ?"

'■ What for?" I asked.

" Well, you might kill the queen."

"True," I replied, " I might stand one chance in a thou-
sand or two of hitting the queen, but I don't believe it will
pay to try."

It is so with " shooting " a swarm ; one might bring a
cluster to the ground in a body, but I don't believe it pays
(me) to try.

A few words about assessing bees and I am done. On the
assessor's roll here everything- supposed to be liable to taxa-
tion is printed, but bees and poultry are not mentioned, and
are not assessed. I tried once to get my bees insured, but the
agent refused to doit. So why should I pay taxes on them ?

Mitchell Co., Iowa.

Some Facts About Honey and Bees.— This is the
subject of an article written by Mr. J. E. Johnson, and pub-
lished on pages 581-82 of the American Bee Journal for
Aug. 25, 1904. We have republished it in 4-page leaflet
form for general distribution, and furnish it, postpaid, at
35 cents per 100 copies. Send all orders ,to the oflice of the
American Bee Journal

^

(£onr>cntion
Procecbings

Report of the Texas Coiivetitloii

rJ

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SEC.

{ Contiuned from page 567}

As the National Bee-Keepers' Association meets in San
Antonio next fall, F. L. Aten suggested that we must have
some funds for the entertainment of the guests. Mr. Scholl
thereupon read a paper from H. H. Hyde, Chairman of the
Committee of Arrangement and Entertainment of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' convention at San Antonio, concerning
the expenses of the entertainment. [There was much further
reference to this subject in the report, but since the meeting
of the Texas convention it has been decided to hold the Na-
tional meeting this year in Chicago, so we omit that portion of
the report — Editor.]

Pres. Laws — At the last meeting of the committee of the
Farmers' Congress it was decided that the mornings of each
day were to be taken up by the independent sessions of the
Congress. The afternoons will be taken up by the general
sessions of the Congress in the Assembly Hall.

He also spoke of the delegates to which each session of
the Congress is entitled, to vote upon matters of the Congress
as per Art. VI of the Constitution and By-Laws of the Texas
Farmers' Congress, as follows :

ARTICLE VI.

Section 1. — Resolved, That in all matters of business relating to
the Constitution and By-Laws of this Congress, that the vote shall be
talien in executive session, and each elector from recognized State
organizations shall represent 25 active members from the State organi-
zations participating in the work of this Congress.

Sec. 2. — Recognized district and county agricultural organizations
shall have representation not to exceed 5 votes, and one person shall
not represent more than one organization. Each district and county
agricultural or kindred organization shall be entitled to one vole in
executive session for 100 members or less, and one additional vote for
each additional 100 members— not to exceed 5 votes for each organiza-
tion as above provided.

For this the following delegates were elected : W. H.
Laws, F. L. Aten, Willie Atchley and J. M. Hagood.

Pres. Laws then concluded the general business by ap-
pointing the following committees :

Committee on Program for Next Meeting — Louis H. Scholl.

Committee on Resolutions : Willie Atchley, L. W. Bell,
and C. A. ISutts.

Committee to Examine and Report on the State Experi-
mental Apiary: W. O. Victor, Udo Toepperwein, J. W.
Pharr, J. M. Hagood, T. P. Robinson and W. C. Conrads.

It was made a point for all the bee-keepers to meet and
examine the Experimental Apiary at 5 o'clock Wednesday
afternoon, and all who wished to go were invited by Mr.
Scholl, the apiarist, to attend.

Mr. Hagood asked that the Constitution and By-Laws of
the Texas Bee -Keepers' Association be read or given out to
the members, as especially the new members desired to know
more about the objects and purposes of the Association. The
Secretary was instructed to give this information, and he ex-
plained the ends and purposes of the Association.

CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE I.— Name.

This organization shall be known as the "Texas Bee-Keepers'
Association."

ARTICLE IL -Objects.

Its objects shall be to promote the interests of bee-keepers; the ex-
change of thoughts, experiments, etc., in apiculture through the meet-
ings of this Association, and through a closer relation of its members.

ARTICLE III.— Memberseip.

Section 1. — Any white person who is in accord with the objects
and the aims of this Association may become a member upon the pay-
ment of Jl.OO to the Secretary-Treasurer; payment to be made at or
before each annual meeting of this Association, or not later than 10
days thereafter. Membership will continue as long as all dues are
paid up.

Sec. 2. — Any person may become an honorary member of this
Association upon a two-thirds vote of the members present.

Nov. 16, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURMAL

93

ARTICLE IV.— Officers.

Section 1 — The officers ()i this Association shall be a President,
a Vice-President, and a Secretary, who shall be ex-oflioio Treasurer.

Sec. 2. — The officers shall ail be elected annually by ballots of the
members of this Association at their annual meeting.

ARTICLE v.— Duties of Officers.

Section. 1.— President— It shall be the duty of the President to
preside at the annual meetings of this Association, and to perform
such other duties as may devolve upon the presiding officer. The
President shall be ex-ofHcio Vice-President of the " Texas Farmers'
Congress."

Sec. 2.— I'ict-rresiileiit— In the absence of the President, the Vice-
President shall perform the duties of President.

Sec. 3.— Seerelary—ll shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep
the records of this Association ; to make a report of the annual meet-
ings; to receive membership fees; to make a report at the annual
meetings and perform such other service as the Association may direct.

Sec. 4. — The President, Vice-President and Secretary shall form
an Executive Committee. Their duties shall be such as usually fall to
such officers.

ARTICLE VI.— Funds.

Section 1.— The Secretary shall remit to the General Manager of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association within two weeks after the
annual meeting, the sum of 50 cents for each paid-up member as a
membership in the National Bee-Keepers' Association for one year.

Sec. 2.— The Secretary shall receive not less than $10 annually for
his services, and shall receive another sum equal to his legitimate ex-
penses for the benefit of this Association.

Sec. 3. — The remaining funds of this Association shall be ex-
pended as the members thereof may direct.

ARTICLE VII.— Meetings.

This Association shall hold annual meetings at such time and
place as the members may select by a two-thirds vote at some regular
meeting; but if In any event it becomes impracticable to meet at the
place selected, because of unforeseen events, then this Association
shall hold its meeting at such time and place as the Executive Com-
mittee may select.

ARTICLE VIII.— Committees.

The President of this Association shall appoint yearly the follow-
ing committees: On Resolutions and Petitions; a Program Commit-
tee of one; and such other committees as may become necessary.

ARTICLE IX.— General.

Section 1. — This Association shall ally Itself with the Texas
Farmers' Congress in every way possible, provided that such alliance
is never detrimental to this Association.

Sec. 2. — It shall be one of the aims of this Association to secure
the passage of a law eslablishing an " Experimental Apiary '' at Col-
lege Station, together with the appointment by the Governor of an
experimenter, who shall be recommended to him by the Bee-Keepers'
Association of Texas.

ARTICLE X. — Amendments.

This Constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the
members present at some regular meeting.

As Secretary of the Te.xas Bee-Keepers' Association, I
wish to extend a cordial invitation to join our Association.
Our membership includes the foremost and most extensive
bee-keepers of the State. Our objects are, first, to learn as
much as possible about the bees and how to secure the largest
possible profit from them ; second, to aid the beginner in bee-
culture, and give him every possible assistance ; third, to pro-
tect and look after the interests of our members at all times,
and especially to secure suitable legislation which shall at all
times protect the bee-keeper and his interests.

The beginner In bee-culture — the small bee-keeper — is by
no means barred from membership in our Association ; on the
contrary, we welcome him heartily.

The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association holds its annual
meeting each July at College Station, Tex., in connection with
the Farmers' Congress. At this time very low rates are
granted by all railroads of the State, and the trip to College
Station is not only a pleasant recreation and vacation, but in
the practical information gained many times repays the
amount expended in the trip.

I5y this meeting once a year the bee-keepers are enabled
to talk over all matters of Interest, discuss new methods, and,
in short, each man profits by the experience of all the others.

We feel certain you would enjoy and appreciate belonging
to this Association, especially as the annual membership is
but one dollar ($1.00) per year, and the only other require-
ments are that the applicant must be a white person and
Interested directly or indirectly in bee-keeping. This SI. 00
membership fee also includes membership in the National
Bee-Keepers' Association. The latter Association includes
all the progressive and prominent bee-keepers in the United
States and in Canada; is backed by ample funds, and looks
after the interests of its members everywhere. For example,
if a member of the National Association, who is a poor man,

should be prosecuted tor some alleged damage done by his
bees, the National Association takes up the matter and fights
his case in the courts, with the best legal advice and help that
money can procure, and this without costing the bee-keeper a
cent. The National Association also detects and prosecutes
firms and individuals who adulterate honey or sell imitations
of honey, thus keeping up the price of pure honey and thereby
benefitting every bee-keeper.

In view of these advantages, do you not believe that $1.00
invested in membership to the Texas Bee-Keepers' Associa.
tion would pay you ? I assure you the Association will give
you every assistance possible. Applications, together with
the $1.00 membership fee, should be forwarded to the under-
signed. We trust we may have the pleasure of enrolling your
name as a member of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association.

Louis H. Scholi^.
(Continued next week.)

#

Report of tlie Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Conveutlou, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from page 778 J
EXHIBITS AND PRIZES AT CONVENTIONS.

Mr. Swift — I don't want to shut off the wax-press dis-
cussion, but a matter has occurred to me that is entirely
foreign. I have attended, now, I think, three or four of
these conventions — I am not sure which — and this is the
only convention I have ever attended where there is nothing
in evidence of the object of the convention. You take the
Fat Stock Show, and when they have their meeting they
have their stock to see and judge; you take the meeting of
the Horticultural Society, and the different associations
throughout tlie United States and elsewhere, and they all
have exhibitions of their products — something to judge by.
The Cliicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association have
nothing but a bare room, and these charming ( !) pictures
to gaze upon, while you are listening to the words of
knowledge that come. I think it would be a good idea
to have something on the line of our work on exhibition
here at the convention. Our Secretary-Treasurer has notified
us we are woefully weak in the form of finances. If we
join any more associations we probably won't have any-
thing left. If it meets witfi the approval of the Executive
Committee, I would hke to make an offer of $10 to the
Association for three prizes for the exhibition of honey
at our next convention ; $5 for the first, $3 for the second,
and $3 for the third — say a dozen sections of comb honey,
the quality and character considered, and I will myself be
responsible for the premium, if that meets with the approval
of the Association.

Pres. York — I think that is a very good idea, and if
you wish to put it that way I think the Executive Committee
will arrange for an exhibition next year ; and if anybody else
wishes to say they will give sometliing, or give a premium
for something else, we can have that.

Dr. Miller — I will take it out of the hands of the
Executive Committee, and move that the offer be accepted
with thanks.

Mr. Reynolds — I second that.

Pres. York put the motion, which was carried witli ap-
plause.

Dr. Miller — I want to suggest one caution. I have been
at conventions where we have had a great many things on
exhibition, and Mr. Swift doesn't know the danger-point
that lies in connection with that. .One of the troubles about
it was that in an adjoining room, or sometimes in the same
room where these articles were on exhibition, the invariable
result would be that there would be two or three, or half
a dozen, people around those things looking at them and
talking about them while the meeting was going on, and
unless some steps are taken to prevent that, you are going
to do more harm than good.

Mr. Swift — That is the reason I left it to the Executive
Committee.

Pres. York — If we meet here next year we can have
it in front of the convention.

Mr. Moore moved, seconded by Dr. Miller, that at 4
o'clock p. m. this convention adjourn to meet again next
year. Carried.

SECOND D.\Y— Afternoon Session.

At 1 :30 the convention was called to order, with Pres.
York in the chair.

794

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 16, 1905

PROTECTING HIVES FROM SUN HEAT.

"Should hives be protected from the heat of the sun?
If so, what is the best method?"

Mr. Hutchinson — I think where you are producing comb
honey, and the heat drives the bees out of the supers, it is
an advantage to have the hives shaded. I don't know of
anything better than a mov able board. You can make a
very cheap "board" out of shingles by having a piece across
the center of each, and you may nail the butts of the shingles
together and make a shade-board 2 by 3 feet. Have the hive
face either east or west, and lay that board on top of the
hive.

Mr. Kimmey — When it gets hot enough to drive the bees
out of the super, you say. Do you know that it ever does

Mr. Hutchinson — Yes.

Mr. Kimmey — Some one has told us if the hives are
open ; Mr. Doolittle has said there was no need of opening
them at all.

Mr. Hutchinson — It depends upon the location. If the

hives are standing in a close place, where the sun could beat
down and no breeze pass over, that would make a great
difference. If they stood out on a hill where the breeze
could' blow over, that would make a great difference.

Mr. ^Meredith — A gentleman I have some dealing with
in the bee-business recommended planting grape-vines; that
lets the heat of the sun directly on the hives before the
leaves come out, and after the leaves have fallen in the
fall, and it gave them shade protection in the summer, using
the Clinton grape more on account of its pro4ificness.

Mr. Snell — I think the matter of shade depends largely
upon location, as Mr. Hutchinson said ; where the apiary is
surrounded by a good deal of wind-break the air is m.ore
suffocating, and the hives in that case will need shading;
where, if they stood out in more of an open place, where
there is more circulation of air, they would not become
heated up enough so that the bees would chister out very
much and desert the supers.

(Continued next week.)

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Hay-Rack for Hauling Bees

Heretofore our bees have been hauled to
and from the out-apiaries by means of a rack
especially made tor the purpose, this rack
being placed on a common farm wagon. This
fall, instead of this special rack, a common
hay-rack was used, covered with boards so
as to make a level floor, blocks being tacked
down to keep the hives apart. Four hives
are placed abreast, the frames running from
side to side.

There are two advantages over the old plan.
One is that there is not the trouble of keeping
a special rack from year to year that has no
other use but to haul bees. Hay-racks are
always to be had, and the heavy springs can
be added. The other advantage is, that in-
stead of 31 hives being hauled at a load, as
with the bee-rack, 59 hives can be hauled on
the hay-rack.

Fastening Down a Bee-Veil

I want to tell the sisters about fastening a
veil in a very simple and easy manner, the
plan, so far as I know, being original "in
this locality."

Nothing unusual about the veil itself, just
a bag open at each end, one end sewed to the
rim of the hat and the other with a rubber
cord run through the hem. A safety-pin
caught through the edge in front is pinned
to the waist. In that pinniog lies the whole
secret of success. If pinned loosely, or even
what would ordinarily be called tightly, there
will be opportunity for bees to get urJer
when you are stooping over. But i* must be
made very tight, so that no matter what posi-
tion you may take there will be no loose place
for bees to crawl under.

Try it, and you will And how easily it is
done, and how effective it is.

Poor Report— But Still Hoping

Dear Miss Wilson:— You asked all the
sisters to send in their reports, let it be good
or bad. 1 will send in mine, but it will be
very bad.

Last spring I had SO colonies in pretty good
condition. The honey crop here was a fail-
ure. I got about 15U sections of honey of
very poor quality, quite dark. This is the
first time I have had an entire failure since I
have kept bees. I have always gotten some
surplus, if it was only 500 or GOO sections.

I have had to feed the bees this fall for the
first time in my experience. I have now only

68 colonies, the moth taking 3 or 3, and I
doubled up some. lam living in hopes that
next year will be better.

(Miss) L. C. Kennedy.
Sangamon Co., 111., Oct. 27.

From 80, spring count, to 68 in the fall,
with 2 sections of poor stuff to the colony —
well, that certainly may be classed as some-
thing of a failure. But failures have their
uses, too. The successes of future years will
always seem just a little brighter for having
the failure of 1905 as a background. And
there is the true spirit of a bee-keeper ringing
out in that last sentence — "I am living in
hopes that next year will be better."

Miss Kennedy deserves thanks for her re-
port. Somehow it is always easier to chroni-
cle success than failure. But in one respect
the poor reports are of more use than the
good ones. " Misery likes company," and we
can condole with one another in our failures;
and, besides, those who have done well, or
fairly well, will feel the more grateful for
their success in the midst of failures.

Please let us have reports, sisters, whether
of failures or successes.

Bees and Grapes in Indiana

Considerable has been said about bee-keep-
ers educating the public through communica-
tions to the local press, and at least one of the
sisters has been doing some practical work in
that direction. The Sun-Telegram, of Indi-
ana, contains a well-written article from the
the pen of Mrs. Helen V. Austin, replying to
the sensational statement that over one-third
of the grape crop of Indiana had been de-
stroyed by the bees, and that the damaffe had
been confined to that State alone.

To some bee-keepers such statements may
seem too silly to merit reply. But not too
silly for many people to believe. A sample
of what unreasonable things people may be-
lieve is thus given by Mrs. Austin :

" An individual undertook to explain to me
how it was possible for a bee to puncture a
grape. A vague idea was doubtless wander-
ing through his brain of the legend of the
Plum and the Curculio. His notion would
convulse a bee-keepers' association and cause
our Uncle Sam's department of entomology
to invent a new bug. Tell it not in Gath, but
he said the bee punctures the grape with its
sting! 'When ignorance is bliss, it were
folly to be wise,' just about the time that the
bee convinces this ' foolish Callatian ' that
the utter and onlj' use and purpose of her
sting is for self-defense."

Some of the people in the region where the
Sun-Telegram is published will no doubt
change their views after reading Mrs. Austin's
article.

The

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

" Pound " Sections to Weigh a Pound.

L. V. Ricketts is working at a good matter
— trying to have pound sections actual
pounds. Wish I could fall into his proces-
sion; but I fear uniformity of weight is im-
possible. With me occasional ones are over
one pound weight now; and increase of size
will bring more of them. It's not easy to get
any pay for one or two ounces of extra
weight in a section. Hardly right to balance
off extra-weight ones against scant-weight
ones in the same case, and so push the diffi-
culty onward to the grocer. Every once in a
while some one agitates for deereastng size. I
rather think, Mr. R., that to stand firm against
decrease is about the best we can do under
the circumstances. Page 695.

FuMiQATiSG Comb Honet.

So Comrade Greiner finds that an ounce
and a half of bisulphide of carbon is too little

to kill the " varmints " in a stack of five sets
of combs— and kicks about it — and threatens
to go back to sulphur. He has found 2.K^'
ounces of sulphur plenty, and perhaps more
than a plenty, for the same-sized stacks.
Shouldn't wonder if he was right. Page 695.

WuT Foul Brood Affects the Larv.e.

An idea of Mr. Dadant's, on page 696, is
worth thinking of a second time. Tbat the
reason why larv;c take foul brood while adult
bees do not, is that the former have as yet no
poison, while the latter carry a big dose of a
powerful and suHieient antidote. I don't feel
positive that poison in the .sac provided for it
has any effect on the tissues outside. May be
it does, however. In fact, it is pretty cer-
tainly brought into existence outside before
it is put in — and the process may be going on
most of the time — with more or less of the
chemical escaping into the regions round
about.

Nov. 16, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

795

Mart's Costless "Hivbs."

There, now ! The hives yiat Mary had
didn't cost a cent, and the hive-trust is going
to be totally unable to say anything about
prices. Page 682.

Things that Affect the Nectar-Flow.

Hot and cold, wet and dry, wind ami} calm,
are the things mostly thought of in connec-
tion with the nectar-.'Sow, or Don-flow. But
we are a little foolish it we get spunky about
it when these manifestly fail to account for
the case. Lots o' more things in heaven and
earth, Horatio — some of them easy to see,
probably some elusive and hard to see. The
amount of ozone present in the atmosphere
varies greatly, I understand. I think the
honey-flow is better when the amount is large,
poorer when the amount is small. Also bet-
ter when the barometer is falling, poorer when
it is rising; better when there is some haze in
the sky, poorer in brilliant sunshine; better
when the breeze is up the slope of the land,
poorer when the breeze is down the slope. I
may be quite wrong in some of these. East
wind has very manifest peculiarities of its
own; I'm pretty sure it affects our surplus
somehow ; but I am not ready to say how
much, or how. Possibly also the shine of an

unspotted sun affects delicate matters in a
different way from the ehine of a sun with
lots of spots big and small upon its face.
Page 67".

Large Apiarists and Black Bees.

D. M. M. ivax a little bold to refer to many
of our large apiarists as champions of the
blacks. But was not G. W. Y. a little bold
also in calling tor one f I don't think them
better, on the whole, than a good strain
of black-Italian hybrids — especially don't
think them better for extracted honey — but I
do rather think them better for comb honey ;
albeit I greatly dislike their style of running
when handled. One may refuse to keep cer-
tain bees because of disagreeable peculiarities,
and at the same time claim that they are
really the best bees. Page 677.

Crushed Drones for Apipuge.

A provoking "out" makes me trouble
again. Don't know exactly whether the
printer man perpetrated it or whether I did it
myself in copying. On page 733, about
crushed drones for apituge, read it, " Queer
that the juice of alien drones [should infu-
riate bees when the drones] themselves would
be unnoticed." The words in brackets turned
up missing before.

/T

Doctor ItttUcr's Question Box

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does ju>t answer Questions by mail.

1^

^

UnfavoraWe Experience with Chaff
Hives

I have 30 well-made 8-frame Simplicity
chaff-hives, double-wall, with chaff between
at sides and bottom. I have had these hives
2 years. Bees die in them worse than in any
other hive; also, I get scarcely any surplus
honey in them. Some colonies don't gather
enough to winter on. What is the trouble?
The chaff is well packed between the two
walls, and stays there at all times. The super
goes off and on as wanted. The hive has an
outside protection. Wisconsin.

Answer. — I don't know what is the trouble.
Some claim that the packing prevents the bees
getting the immediate benefit of the sun
shining on the walls of the hive, thus hinder-
ing successful wintering, and if they come
out poor in the spring of course that affects
the surplus work.

What More to Read

I get the American Bee .Journal, Gleanings
in Bee Culture, have read " Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee," and have " A B C of Bee Cul-
ture " and '• Forty Tears Among the Bees"
almost '"by heart." Now, what would you
and Miss Wilson advise me to read during the
long evenings the coming winter *

Illinois.

Answer. — I went into the kitchen where
Miss Wilson was trying to turn cream into
butter in an ice-cream freezer, and referred
your question to her, saying, '• What do you
advise'" She stopped her intolerable racket
long enough to say, " I think he's pretty well
up." Then, after whirling the crank a few
times, she added, " He hasn't Cook's book."
A good suggestion. More than the other
text-books, Prof.Cook's" Bee-Keeper's Guide"
goes into the natural history of the honey-bee
from the standpoint of an Entomologist, and
although it may not make much difference as
to the number of pounds of honey you get,
it will heighten your enjoyment in bee-keep-
ing to understand more about how a bee is
put together. Then, if you want to go more
fully into that part of bee-lore, you can get
Cowan's excellent little work, or Cheshire's
larger one. Then you might get sample cop-

ies of the other bee-papers, and perhaps som
of them would interest you.

But there's something else you can profita-
bly do aside from reading, and I suspect you
are already practicing it without my telling
you — just shut your eyes and think — planning
out what you're going to do the coming year.
Some will tell you that you can do that better
with a pipe in your mouth. Don't you be-
lieve it. Your thinker will work more clearly
without any such fumigation.

Questions on Management

Adrian Getaz, in his article on " Bee-Keep-
ing on a Large Scale '' (page 727), says R. C.
Aikin's plan is similar to Messrs. Elwood's
and Hetherington's, except in one respec, —
when they remove the queens they take one
or two combs with each, and form as many
nuclei. Then Ifi days after removal each
queen is returned to her former home.

1. What becomes of the nuclei '

2. He furthermore says, " During May
some colonies will get so strong that they
might swarm. To all such an additional story
is given under the brood-chamber. When the
flow comes, the additional stories are re-
moved." Do'^s he remove the same one he
gave them, or the one they had before giving
the additional one? If he removes the one he
gave, does it have brood in it* If so, what is
done with that brood! If he removes the one
they had, doesn't it contain honey! If so,
isn't that honey dark when extracted;

Delaware.
Answers. — 1. I don't know for certain
what is done, but I can tell you what might
be done. Generally some increase is desired,
and these nuclei may be continued where they
stand and be built up into full colonies, the
queen alone bein^ returned to the old colony,
or taken with one or two frames of brood, ac-
cording to the strength of the nucleus. If it
is not desired to continue the nucleus, the
whole busines.'; may be returned with the
queen to the old colony, leaving the field-bees
of the nucleus to shift for themselves. Not
being very numerous, it doesn't matter such
a great deal where they go, and as they return
laden from the fields they will be kindly re-
ceived wherever they attempt to enter. If,
however, you are anxious that the whole force

shall return to the old hive, you can take a
plan that has worked satisfactorily with me.
Put your nucleus on the top of the old hive,
but of course with no communication below.
Then when this upper hive is taken away and
its contents returned below, the field-bees of
the nucleus will, upon their return from the
fields, settle upon the cover of the hive, as
nearly as they can on the spot where their
home was, and after some consultation they
will form a line of march down to the en-
trance and peaceably unite with the colony
below.

2. It doesn't matter whether the upper or
the lower story is left, the probability being
that into whatever story is left there will be
put the best frames of brood selected from
both the stories. The frames being well filled
with brood, of course there will not be any
trouble about what honey may be left. The
frames of brood ta'^en away can be used
wherever needed, chiefly in building up weak
colonies or nuclei, or in forming new colonies.

Reports ani)
(Sxpertcnces

Several Things Endorsed

I endorse the Alexander plan of increase,
and the Townsend method of producing comb
and extracted honey in the same super, be-
cause I originated and practiced these meth-
ods successfully before I ever saw them in
print. Both methods are conducive to less
swirming, and more and better quality oi
honey.

I also endorse the rules the Australian Bee
Societies have made in regard to protecting
priority rights. I wish such rules were a
written law in this country. No apiary can
be less than 3 miles from another without the
bees trespassing more or less on each other's
territory. Of course, if such a rule were to
be made a written law, it should not prevent
farmers or others who own sufficient land
from keeping enough colonies to stock their
land if they so desired. I have " figured out "
that if 100 colonies will stock a l'.;-mile
radius, one colony will stock 45I4 acres. Ot
course, this is "on an average," and might
not be exactly fair to the " favored spots,"
but, then, things like this would best be
worked on an average, even if it did pinch
some " favored spot " land-owner.

Tattnall Co., Ga. H. C. Barnard.

Worst Year for Bees

This has been the worst year I ever knew
for the bee-men in Indian Territory. I didn't
get a pound of surplus honey from 300 colo-
nies. Still, I am not discouraged. I am
hoping for better times next season. Greatest
success for the " Old Reliable.''

.1. T. Hairston.

Dist. 5, Ind. Ter., Nov. 3.

Report from Southwest Texas

I live in the center of southwest Texas, ad-
joining the famed Uvalde County, which is
located on a railroad, hence its known fame
as a heavy honey-producing county. But
this vast stretch of country is sparsely netted
with railroads, and we of Dimmit and other
counties are ahead ot Uvalde from an indi-
vidual bee-keeper's standpoint. We have the
same flora, and not its reputation, hence with
Uvalde's railroad facilities, and its heavy
honev-producing record, which we, who
loaded with wagons from adjoining counties,
go to Uvalde and sell or ship from there, give
it a reputation which has resulted in that
county being settled up with bee-keepers.
But that is but one, and there are several
counties, with hundreds of locations, a beau-
tiful climate, no snow, no wintering troubles.
I leave my bees with 3 and 4 deep supers on
the hives the winter through, with bottom-
boards raised all around. I haven't time to
do otherwise. If I have time, I go fishing,

796

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 16 1905

deer-hunting, duck-hunting, or quail-sniping.
The people are free and easy. Time is the
cheapest thing in Texas — that is, southwest
Texas.

" Ah," you say, " I would get more honey
if I wintered my bees in but one tight super."
I don't know. I averaged 41 pounds per col-
ony of bulk comb in the poorest season we
ever had this year, and got SJj cents per pound
for the lot, spot cash. We never have to find
a commission man who is honest; our mer-
chants have car-lot customers always waiting
for our honey.

Our fall flow this year was great. The bees
entirely ignored broomweed— there were too
many other good honey-producing plants in
bloom, and they reared considerable brood
this fall. The honey-flow is still on, and will
continue till frost-, as the bees will work on
the broomweed later.

I have " other fish to fry " — onion culture.
I have 3 tenants and my own acreage to at-
tend to, and I attend to my bees but once a
year; I attend to swarming, and when that is
over (and that is always before the honey-flow
ceases, and never after) I take the honey oit,
and sell the whole product, and don't bother
the bees, or they me, till swarming-time again.

Oh, yes, I do have a few empty hives in the
fall, and turn their combs into beeswax, but
as the weeds are continually blooming all
through the summer and fall in this irrigated
country, the bees contrive to have brood all
the time to rear a queen from.

Tou bee-men who love sunshine and good
returns, no wintering troubles for man, bee,
or beast, go to southwest Texas. If you love
to hear a railroad whistle or street-car, stay
where you are. Chas. Pollard.

Dimmit Co. , Texas, Oct. 25.

One of the Cleanest Papers

While I haven't a bee in the world, I may
have some time, and want to keep abreast of
the times. I consider the "old reliable"
American Bee Journal one of the cleanest
papers I ever read ; so you may continue to
send it until I order it stopped.

MoCracken Co.,Ky. T. F. McCorkle.

Report for Season of 1905

I had 24 colonies of bees, spring count, and
now have 46. I took ofl; 9S3 full sections o£
honey, and 18 frames for spring feeding,
weight 96 pounds. I also extracted 67 pounds
from partly-filled sections. E. S. Barber.

Erie Co., N. Y., Nov. 6.

//

(Sxtractcb"

Second-Hand Square Oil -Cans for
Honey

As we have stored and sold from 4 to 8 tons
of honey per year for the past 16 years in such
cans, without a word of complaint, so far as
we know, perhaps our experience will be
worth something to the fraternity.

While on this subject I may as well give
our whole system of handling this class of
cans, as I believe it will prove a great econ-
omy in the hands of airifnl bee-men ot the
West. The high freight-rates on goods as
bulky as 5-gallon cans cased is prohibitive to
the use ot new cans. We people of the West,
In order to play even, in a measure, with the
Standard oil people, and the railroads in some
way, for making our oil cost us 40 cents per
gallon instead ot 13 cents, as in Ohio, have to
use their cans and cases for our honey.

We use all the gasoline cans we can get
hold of, as they are more easily cleaned ; but
we also use all the kerosene-cans we get, as
well.

I have an old scavenger, or a " raggedy-
raggedy man," who gathers my cans for me
in a local mining town. I pay him 5 cents
each for his trouble of collecting and holding

them until I go for them.
home 120 in a load.

I sometimes bring

Repairing Cans.

When we are ready to make a job of solder-
ing, we remove the oil-caps on the cans by
holding them over a hot blaze in our solder-
ing tire-pot, until the solder starts, which
operation is quite rapid with a good fire.
Next we patch any vent-holes found, and sol-
der on the screw-caps. Last year we got
screw -caps from the American Can Co., with
1' -.'-inch mouths and 2inch base, which ex-
actly flts the cans, and is a good size to fill
into. When we find a can with its sides col-
lapsed so that its capacity is small, after sol-
dering it, we straighten it by exploding 1 or
I'o drams of rifle-powder as near the center
of the can as we can hang it. It straightens
them in a hurry. Tie the powder in a small
cloth around one end of a blasting-fuse about
8 inches long; cut a gash in the fuse near the
other end, and put in a few grains of powder
to " spit " the fuse quickly. Insert this cart-
ridge into the opening in the can the proper
distance to bring powder near the center of
the can ; secure by tying a string to a ring on
top of the can. " Touch the button " with a
match, and the powder does the rest.

Cans thus treated may not case well for
shipment, but are as good for storage for local
use as any. A few experiments will teach
you the amount of powder to use for different
conditions of cans.

Cleaning the Cans.

The method we have found the most satis-
factory in rapidity and thoroughness is to
make a solution of strong soap-suds by slicing
up not less than two bars of some good
laundry soap (without rosin in it is prefer-
able) to a barrel of water. Add to this not
over half a can, or about V pound, of con-
centrated lye. We can throw a steam-hose
into the barrel, and boil until the soap is dis-
solved. We use a funnel made with the
small end a little smaller than the size of the
opening in the cans, to allow for expansion of
the cool air in the can, and to prevent the hot
suds from being blown back in your face
while pouring into the cans.

We have a Jj-inch pipe running from the
steam-dome of our boiler so we can get dry
steam. This pipe has a perpendicular length
sufficient to reach to the bottom of a can,
with a valve within convenient reach of your
hands. Insert this pipe in a can containing
the hot suds, until the lower end of it reaches
within about J.i inch of the bottom. Suspend
the can in this position by a hook fastened
into the ring on the can. Open the valve and
let in steam enough to boil the suds, and
throw it all over the inside of the can. We
boil one can and fill another ready to boil,
and rinse out the boiled can. We always
rinse with two waters — the first time with
clean hot water ; the last, clean cold water.
With this system one active person can clean
100 or more per day.

After draining these cans they are laid in a
hot, sunny place on their sides, with the open-
ing nearest the top, to allow the remaining
moisture and any odors to escape freely. We
clean cans in hot, sunny weather, as the suu
is the most effective and convenient form of
heat we have found for the volatilizing of the
oil odors. We have found the use of con-
centrated lye in too strong a solution to be
unwise. Try a strong solution of it on bright
tin, and you will ob.serve that it has a very
corrosive effect. Cans thus treated are at
once attacked by the acid in honey, discolor-
ing and injuring the flavor of the honey. , We
leave our cans in the sun about a week, if we
are not needing them, then go over them in
the heat of the day, when they are hot, and
we can easily pick out any doubtful ones by
the odor, and leave them for a few days
longer. When sunning does not remove the
odor, another suds treatment may hasten the
cleaning.

Where access to a steam-plant is not possi-
ble, the same results can be obtained by the
thorough shaking of the hot suds and a
longer sunning. — L. B. Bell, of Arizona, in
Gleanings in Bee Culture.

Please mention Bee Journal
wlien writing Advertisers.

The Money
Breed

Whatbreedofbeef cat tie makes most money?
Dr. Walter J. Quick of Indianapolis, Ind.,
will discuss this subject in the November
issue of that widely read, authoritative paper

BLOODED STOCK

This issue (November) will be devoted en-
tirely to Shorthorns and Beef Breeds.
You're out for money. Then subscribe
for BLOODED STOCK. Just 25c for 12
months. You can afford 2oc. Why, this num-
ber wiU be worth one hundred times that in
advice on buyinpr, breeding, feeding', hous-
inff, fattening and marketing-. Subscribe
now. The December issue will be devoted
to "Winter Care of Stock."
Blooded Stock, Box 221, Oxford, Pa.

3Ienttoii Bee Journal ^rhen Yrritingr<

tm gjBa.C XS oj g tnojj ist^x pay ^j .
a

Pat'd 1878, '8^, '\H Si 1UU8

OTisvtLLE, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904,
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if i want any more smokers your new style ia
g-ood enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.
Mention Bee Journal when -nrritlng.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonraal we mall for
but 75 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.59. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this "Emerson" no further binding is neces-

^"^ OBOROE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Nov. 16. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

797

THIS

IS THE PHONE
FARM FOLKS

In selecting a telephone for the farm line re-
member that repairs and tmkeringr cost money _

and waste time. Use the same judgment that you would m buying a
reaper The cheap telephone, like the cheap harvester, is out of ser-
vice most of the time. Its talking qualities are not lasting; it soon
L^cts weak, and is liable to cause you trouble all of the time.

Stromberg-Carlson Telephones

are the standard make for rural lines. Other manufacturers claim

their instriiments are as cfood— they like to compare theirs with Strom-

bersr-Carlson-but TIME will not bear out their claims. To avoid trouble,

expense and disappointment, pay the trifle more and get the telephone with

a reputation. Buy the SIromberg-Carlson— vou buy satisfaction. Free

book. 80-D, "How the Telephone Helps the Farmer," tells a lot of rea-

sons why it's the phone to huv: srives full description of every part and piece of a telephone:

tells how it's made and illustrates where it's made. Write for the book today. Address

ROCHESTER, N, Y. STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE MFG. CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

I

Slention Bee Journal T\'lien writing.

Wb Sbll Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices *on Sections^ Hivea,
Foundation, etc, aa we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Caab.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

<• It is coutltiuous advertising
that impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

American Bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Knife
Gold Fountain Pen

All
for

$2.75

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

Worker

Queen

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side — Tliree Bees on the other side J

Your Name on the Knife.— When orderinpr, be sure to say
ju6t what name and address jou wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, -which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side ot the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other fide pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very tinest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knile'.' — In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the tinder will return it.
It traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Poceet-Knife will
serve as an identifier ; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knile.— We send it postpaid f( r
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee .lournal for one
year — both forS'2 00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

CONVENTION NOTICES.

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally, we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The liwld Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridiuin.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feedt i-
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, wiih
directiuns and Filler.

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

1^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months
for 20c; regular yearly pi ice. $1 uo. Address all orders to

Drone

it and the
(13 copies)

GEORGE W. YORK U CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

Illinois. —The 15th annual meeting of the 111
Inots Stale Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held in Springfield, on Tuesday and Wednes-
day, Nov. Jl and 22, 1905, in the room of the
Board of Supervisors in the Court House. The
R. R. Rates will be as follows: All Hoes in the
Western Passenger Association will make an
open rate of one fare plus 25 cents for the round
trip to Springfield, except from near points
where a fare and one-third would be less. All
lines in the Central Passenger Association will
make a similar rate on the Certificate plan, and
if not convenient for any attending our meet-
ing to come over the lines in the Western Asso-
ciation, if they will write me I will send them
certificates which I he Grand Secretary of the
I.O.O.F. assures me your local secretary of the
same order will gladly sign. The Central Pas-
senger A.8sociation Lines are as lollows: B. &
O. S.-W.R.R.; Big Four Route; C.& E.I. R.R.:
C.H.&D.R'y; I., I & I.R.R.; J.& St.L. R'v; L.E.
&W.R. R.; L. &N, R. R.; Southern R'y (St.
Louis Div.:) T., P. &W. R'y; T., St. L. & W.
R R.; Vandalia Line; Wabash R.R.,east of
Tolono.

The gocd results of this annual bee-
meeting rest on the members who attend it.
Our State gives us an appropriation to publish
our report and to suppress foul brood, and it is
the duty of every bee.keeper of the Stale to
have a voice in the manner in which this ap-
propriation is tisel. All beekeepers are invited
to come, and bring their wives. The railroad
rates will not be higher than an open rate of
one fare and a third for the round trip, and ef-
forts are being made by our Odd Fellow friends
to secure a one fare for the round trip. Good
hotel accommodations can always be had at
reasonable rates. J.is. A. Stone, Sec.

Route 4, Springfield, 111.

Ontario. — The annual meeting of the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
in Toronto, Nov. 1,5, 16, and 17, 190.5. The
Fruit, Flower, Honey and Vegetable Show
will be held Nov. 14 to IS, which is a new
venture in its second trial, but we look for a
good show. W.M. CotJSE, Sec.

Slreetsville, Ont.

The Chicago-Northwestern Bee- Keep-
ers' Association will hold a social session at
the Revere House, Dec. 19, 1005, at 10 a.m. At
2 p.m. the same day will be held the regular
annual election of officers. Any other busi-
ness coming before the meeting will be at-
tended to. All who are accustomed to pay-
ing their dues to our Association, thereby
getting two memberships for the price of one,
will please hand the |l to the secretary, or
mail it to him as usual. The time in the
evening will be given to the National, as will
also the whole of the two following days.
Every one isi'cordially invited to be present,
both at the short sessions of the Chicago-
Northwestern, and at the "-session meeting of
the National Association.

Hekman F. Moore, Sec.

Park Ridge, 111.

N. B.— Any one paying their dues to the
National Association dii-ect, will have to pay
another dollar to the Chicago-Northwestern,
if it is desired to become a member of the
latter organization also. Hand your dues to
H. F. Moore, the Secretary. H. F. M.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive.
Yuu can't have healthy, prodtablo
fowls or Btock and have lioe Vvo.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly Idllg all insect vermin and

maWes sitting hens mm fort able.

Sample Iftc; 100 oz., $1.00 l»y exp-ess.

O. K. STOCK FOOlV CO..

D.J. Lambert, Vice-Pre^'.

406 Monon Bide-, Chlcaffo. IIL

Hec JourunI ivlien T**riting.

.'^fciitlun

Mow is the Time to Order

your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35AlSt SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Jonrnal n^ben nrrltlng.

798

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 16, 1905

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. Lewis' Uootls »!, iafti>ry prices. Cat-
alog free. Cash orders at catalog prices on such goods as mentioned in special list.

Before November 9 percent discount

" December 8 " *'

" January

Before February 6 percent discount

" March 5 " "

" April 3 "

Ask for special list now, free.

Honey-Paekages for Marketing- Honey

Such as Shipping-Caees, Tin Cans, Buckets. Olaos Jars 'wUli patent spring'
scalers and ;tlass stoppers: regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. If
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your house.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Krsl service,
lowest Ireig'lit rales, satislaction to all.

CBjl e^^^^TT Jf ^f^ 1004 East Wash. Street
• IVIi OwW • I OC WV#> INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •}"3* -{"S- •;••$•
mention Bee Joarnal Ti-lien vrritlng.

ForSale-25,000Lbs.™d

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound for the lot, or 6l^c

for less, F. J. GUNZEL., Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey— Fancy white, Tc; fancy
amber 6Mc; Vc less in 5 case lots or more.
' C. O. CLEMONS & CO

4Sj,f KANSAS CITY, MO.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Big Discounts
on Bee=5upplies

The followiog discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec.l 8 " March!.... 4 -

Jaa. 1 ^ I April 1 2

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog tree. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 21S W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
3gAlf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Glass Jars for Uouey

We can ship by return freight at the
following prices :

i^-lb. Jars with corks — 1 case of 21 doz. for
$5.50; 3 cases, $15.50.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5.25; Scases for -$15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

land.* Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any ;
good as new. If interested write for price.

YORK HONEY ^uppI^y^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts to many times
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 cz.. by express. $1.0U.
O. K. STOCK FOOD CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Bide., Chloaeo, 111.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections 1

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a fullline of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., riarshfield, Wis.

8 Percent Discount !

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during November. Send for our Catalog.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO.. New London, Wis.

BUSHELS OF EGGS

follow the feeilinc: of cut
bone. Tlie

DANDY *^'^-''" ^°"®

I klHIVUI Cutte?

H is Iho »<iii|'lFBt Taflieet ADii
M ta^dt Price J.S,MJ up. Snlii on l.^ ilaca trial
H Sntisf&ction or no sale, bend f«r prico boo!
H aniJ Special Prt^onliffa.

<;Tntton Mr~. tn . Pot 21 , FHp. Pn,

■ ^'

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRIQGS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

i2l"e honey- jars

The No. 25 Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tigbt, holding- One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping'-cases of one gross
each: *

1 gross lots $4.50 per gross

S " " 4.LI0

Al^o in strong RE-SHiPPINQ CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect pre tection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 '^ 95 *'

10 *' -90 "

E t;htouDce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz SSc

10 " '' " SOc

20 " '* ** 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 & 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45A.tf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

jyj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he *'prcfers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.

I A. 80 F«r
<£ 200 Egq
•INCUBATOR

Perfect in coostmctioD &n<l
^tion. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-dkj

GEO. H. STAHL, OulnCf

44A26t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

When consigning, tuying or selling, consuli

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
<e»9 SOUTH Watefi St. Chicago. Ill

For Thanksgiving Day

tiie Nickel Plate Road will sell ticliets,
within distance of 150 miles, Nov. 29
and 30, at rate of a fare and a tiiird for
the round-trip. Return limit Dec. 4.
Three through trains daily to Ft.
Wayne, Cleveland, Erie, Buflfalo, New
York, Boston and New England points.
No excess fare charged on any train
on the Nickel Plate Road. Standard
equipment on all trains. Meals served
in Nickel Plate dining-cars, on Ameri-
can Club Meal plan, ranging in price
from 35 cents to SI. 00; also service a
la carte and Mid-day Luncheon SO
cents. Chicago depot. La Salle and
Van Buren Streets, on the Elevated
Loop. Telephones, Central 2057 and
6172. 36-46A2t

Nov. 16 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

799

Lowest Prices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 ' S "

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 6 "

" March 1 4 "

" April 1 2 "

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 25 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly,
50c a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers iu
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N.Y.
Mention Bee Journal vrhen writing.

4- Bccstpax-f

>»!=

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW G-OES

THROUG-H CINCINNATI.

8 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

^ ^NOVEMBER ^

This applies to all g^oods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

Chicago, Oct. 5.— The demand for comb
honey is about as usual ior the season of year.
Offerings Jrom the surroundiug^ States are fully
equal to me past season, but that from Colorado
and the Middle Western States are not. No. 1
to fancy white comb honey sells at 13@14c,
with an occasional sale at 15c; the ofE grades
embracing crooked combs, etc., sell at llfi] :12c;
amber grades difficult to place at 9('jl0c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c, according to kind, body
and flavor and package; ambers 5}^@65^ cents.
Beeswax selling upon arrival at 30c if clean;
off grades about 2c per pound less,

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Oct. 9.— The honey market
here at present is very strong ai $3.25 per case
for No. 1 and fancy white comb in 24-sectioo
cases; amber and oiher grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at b%c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cn^ciNNATi, Oct. 6.— Reports from differex
parts of the couniry give evidence of an almost
total failure in the comb honey crop, excepting
the points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb boney at from lAioit cents per
pound, by the case. The demand for extracted
honey is about equal to the receipts, which are
good. We continue to sell amber in barrels at
5Ji@6c; white clover at 6M*«'7J4c. For beeswax
we are paying 30c per pound, cash, delivered
here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

The Fred W.Muth Co.

Toledo, Oct. 17— The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the same as
last quotations. Fancy white comb brings ISc;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6K@6!4c;
amber, in barrels, 5@5J^c; in cans, Ic to IJ^c
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

Philadelphia, Nov. 7. — The demand has
been very good for honey in the past 10 days.
In fact, it takes a little sharp, cool weather to
g^et the people started, and after they start, the

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

demand continues for scnie months. I would
say that now is ihe height of the consumption
of tbe honey season. \Ve quote, in a iobbing

honey season. \Ve quote, in a jobbing
way: Fancy ccnib, IS'Snc; No. 1, 13@15c; am-
ber, 12@13c. Extracted, fancy white, 7@8c;
amber, 6Jic. Beeswax firm at 2Sc.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

Cincinnati, O., Oct. 24. — The nice weather

holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the price high. We quote fancy
water-white comb honey No. 1 white closer
from 14@Ujc; No. 2 from 12!^@14c. Extracted
seems to be more plentiful. In barrels, light
amber, 5U^3^5'^jc; in cans, He more. White
clover from 7(« Sc. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C, H. W. Weber.
New York, Oct. 20.— Comb honey is now ar-
riving very freely and the demand is good for
nearly all grades. We quote fancy white at
13(a'14c; No. l.ll@12c; amber, 10@llc, and buck-
wheat, 10c. Extracted in good demand. Arri-
vals of California are la-ge while from other
sources receipts are very light. We quote Cal-
ifornia at from S^fa^c per pound, according to
quality and quantity; Southern in barrels and
half-barrels, at SSiqOOc par gallon. Beeswax
firm and scarce at 29@30c.

UlLDRETH & SeOELKEN

Intianapolis, Nov. 7,— There is a tendency
for higher prices on best grades of honey. The
demand for strictly fancy white comb hoaey
exceeds the supply. Demand for lower grades

of comb honey not good. Numerous shipments
of honey arriving, but no oneproducer seems to
have very great quantities to offer. I quote
fancy white at 15@16c; No. l in poor demand at
12c, and amber dull atlOc. Best grade extracted
brings 8@9c in 60-lb. cans; amber slow at 5c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. Walter S. Pouder.

Albany, N.Y.. Nov. 8.— Our honey market is
in healthy condition; demand good; receipts
about equal to demand. Prices are not quite as
high as last year, but the tendency has been to
work off the honey before cold weather, and we
think the crop has come forward more than
usual this season, which is a good sign. We
quote: Fancy white clover, 15c; A No. 1, 14c;
No. 1, 13c; buckwheat, fancy, 13c; A No. 1,12c;
No, 1, ll@12c; straight buckwneat is wanted in
this market. Extracted, quiet: white, "J-^c;
mixed, 6!^c; buckwheat, 6Hc. Beeswax scarce
at 30c. H. R. Wright.

San Francisco, Nov. 1.— White comb. 1-lb,
sections, 8@9 cents; amber, 6^ 7c. Extracted^
water-white, 5@ — c; white, 4%@4%c; light am-
ber, 3^@4 cents; amber, 3@3>6c; dark amber,
2H@3c. Beeswax, good to choice, light, 25@27c.

The market is very dull despite the bullish
articles In all the bee-papers. Apiarists are
now beginning to let go at present prices, as
they are beginning to realize that they must ac-
cept conditions as tbey are. This year is noex-
ception to the rule, and it has always been the
case that those selling early get the best pi ices
for their honey.

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8c

TWO op MORE CRATES; 7%
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B, CINCINNATI. CASH WITH ORDER. SAMPLES 1 Oc»

TO PAY postage;.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CII<<CIN N ATI, OHIO.

SEND FOR CATALOG OF BEE SUPPLIES WITH SPECIAL DISCOUNT.

New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would pay those having u in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give as your low-
est spot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and styleof package; when you can ship,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON, Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Until farther notice, finest quality new crop
California Water-White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam
pies, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y

34Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

800 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Nov. i6, 1905

Watch this Space During the GonventiGn

Are You Going to the National Bee-Keepers'

Convention at Chicago Dec. 19, 20, 21 ?

If so, be sure to make your headquarters

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ing Convention and city. Respectfully,

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

"It Pays "to be the "Early Bird"

8 PERCENT

-FOR--

CASH ORDEES THIS MOSTH

Send in your order for Bee-Supplies now. Time is flying and early-order discounts are fast dimiuishing. By placing your order with
us at this time you are not only realizing good interest on the money invested, but you will have your goods on hand all ready for use when
needed. Now is the time to nail up your hives, put together seodons, and get other goods in readiness for spring.

The following early-order discounts are allowed on all orders for Bee-Supplies accompanied by the cash.

7 percent during December 4 percent during February

6 " " January 2 " " Marcli

G. B. LEWIS CO. ^ISir Watertown,Wis.

T*r ^ A ^

XI. S. A..

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19-21

p^fAERie,

Bee jour

45th Year

CHICAGO. ILL., NOVEMBER 23, 1905

VM. A. SELSER. (See page S06)

Courtexy nf (ilennhitjs hi Btf CuUicre.

No. 47

" The Editor's Apiary."
(Increased from 3 colonies to 14, during 1905.)

Wisconsin State Fair Evbibit of Wm. E. Prisls.

A Suitable and Convenient Bee-Dress for Women.
(See page 810)

One of H. S. Ferry's Apiaries, |ofJMt. Vernon, N.Y.

802

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAl,

Nov. 23. iyo5

PCBLISBED WKEKI,Y BY

6E0RGE W. YORK SCONPAISY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE 8TTBSCRIPTI0N PRICE of this Journal is
Sl.tiO a year, in the United States, Cjinariii. anri
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, ^u
cents a year extra Xor postage. Sample copy 1 ree.

THE WRAPPER-LABEIj DATE indicates the
end of the month to which yonr subscript io ispsi.t.
For instance, *"dec<>5'* on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTs.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subsuTiption, but
change tbe date on yourwrapper-labet.wbich shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

lgt,._To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful rierhts.

3d.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration oi
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wis,

ty If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
nubi^shers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(Incorporated)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-feeeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 2n) colonies of bees (spring countj
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (I I percent of his or its capital used in
the allied Interests of bee-keeping.

George W. York, Manager,

3a4 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

Italian Queen-Bee Free as a Premium

To a subscriber whose own subscription to the
American Bee Journal is paid at least to the end of
IW."!, we will give an untested Italian queen for
sending usONE NEW subscription with $l.iiO forthe
Bee Journal a year. Now is the time to get new
subscribers. If you wish extra copies of the Bee
Journal for use aa samples, let us know how many
you want and we will mail them to you. Address
all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Special Sale on
HIVES AND SECTIONS

Until March 15. Dovetail Hives, S-frame, IH-
story, 1 25; 10-frame, $1.40; No. 1 bee-way Sec-
tions, 3.90; No. 2, $3.40; 24 lb. Shippiog.Cases,
13c; Foundation, Smokers, etc., cheap. Send
for 24'page Catalog free.

W. D. SOPER,

Rural Routes, JACKSON. MICH.
43Dtf Please meutioa the Bee Journal.

40-Pa$e Catalog Free!
FuIMnformation refiurdinK all kinds of BEE-
KEEPERS' BUPPI.IES. Bent goods. IjateBt Im-
provements. Danzenbalter Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. John; nkbel & SON Supply
Co., HiBh Hill, Mo, SDtf

Mention Bee Journal n-hen irrltlng;.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

ilT-itf •<♦.•" :»!' -<♦.• itr^^-itf -if." •'.♦." -^f •1♦^ •'.#!> •".»!' 'i*.'- -1»^ -i*.*' -it."- :ty *•■ :ty -^f^f -itT^? -it^

•« If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SUPPLIES I

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything- used by Bee- Keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.

Low Freight Rates.

Prompt Service.
Catalog Free.

If you wish to purchase fiuefct quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my
free monthly pi ice-list of honey.

Why not secure your BBE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE, and avail
yourself of the following very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

For cash orders before Dec. 1 . . 8 percent I For cash orders before Feb. 1 . . 6 percent

For cash orders before Jan. 1. .7 percent | For cash orders before Mar. 1. .4 percent

For cash orders befoi e Apr. 1 . . 2 percent

WALTER S. rOUDER,

513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Mention Bee Journal irhen irrltlng.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION i'h'e BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

GUS. DITTMER,

Augusta, Wis.

Money Saved is Money Made

Bee-Supplies bought NOW are subject to a generous discount from our regular low
prices. We do this to Ijeep our factory busy. Send us a list of what you need and we
will make you a price by return mail that will convince you.

If you want a catalog that is more than a price-list — that contains valuable infor-
mation on bee-keeping — you must hurry to have your name placed on our mailing-list.
Only a limited number will be printed. It's free, of course.

JOHN DOLL <fe SON,

Power Building-, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

When attending the National Bee-Keepers'
Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19, 20, 21

COME AND INSPECT

M. ARND,
MgT.
BEESWAX WANTED-

LEWIS' BEE-W^ARE

AND M.\KE YODR HEADQUAKTERS AT

YORK HONEY ^s^pp'u^v^ CO. {f.t)

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Long Distance Telephone— NoFth 1559
Catalog and prices on Honey on application.

If you want

Oood Goods at Factory Prices and Prompt Staip-

nient. send your orders, or call on us.
26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in e.tchange— delivered here.

8 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN NOVEMBER.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Ad'vSS*

Nov. 23, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

803

4)

4:

"DADANT'S FOFNDATIOI^"

-AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices

Name of Grade 1-lb.

on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

5-lbs. 10-lbs. 251bs.

.53 51 49...

.55 53 51...

.60 58 56...

.63 61 59...

50 lbs.
..48
..50
..55

..58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

•' October 9 "

Medium Brood 55. . . .

" November

*' December

8 "

7 *'

Light Brood 57. . . .

Thin Surplus 62

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65

" January

" February

" March

6 "

4 "

2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III. .^.

Bargain in Bee-Supplies

On account of removing from the city, I wish to sell at once the list of bee-supplies given
below. Will sell the lot at less than one-half the present retail prices as shown by Root's cata-
log. They certainly are a big bargain.

7 — 8-frame hive-stands
3 — 8-frame wood-zinc boards
2 — Danzenbaker Hive-covers
3 — Reversible hive-bottoms
9 — 10-frame dovetailed supers
5 — 10- frame dovetailed winter .cases
24 — 8-frame dovetailed supers
9 — 8-frame dovetailed extracting-supers
2 — 10-frame dovetailed hives
3 — 8-frame dovetailed hives

75 — M fences

1 — Danzenbalier bottom and detachable

alighting-board
10 — 8-frame hive covers
16 — Hoffman top-bars
800 — 4x5xl3(, sections (new)

7 — Miller feeders

2 — 8-frame bee-escape boards
35— 8-frame hives (new)
25 — 8-frame 2P supers (new)

.500 plain sections (new)

$40 will take the lot if ordered at once.

For further particulars, address, MISS M. A. CALDWKLIi, Morton Park, 111.

I K^^^B66-SUDDlle8!|

gi ::^:^^^ . . . IJm^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ We carry a large stock and greatest ^
^m 3m=r ]j(}^]^W^ variety of everything needed in the ^.•

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the wkole Apicnltnral Field more

completelj than any other pnbllshed,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

•♦ Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Olscouoti to the Trade.

I Bee-Keepers'
I Early DIsconnts

We carry a large stock and greatest
variety of everything needed in the
_ Apiary, assuring bestgoods at lowest

'.^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free II liis- J^".

i5 trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. g^

.»» AVrite at once for Catalog, either English or German language. ^

|5 KRETCHMfcR MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa. «;

i$ AGENCIES S^

^ Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. &

'^ ShuKan&Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^'

A Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. &

Mention Bee Journal when wrlling.

Get Kew Snbscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Before October 1 deduct 10 percent

November 1 . .

9 "

December 1..

8 "

January 1

7

February 1 . . .

6 ■

March 1

4

April 1

u 2

Pretght-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest Can take Hone; and Beeswax
in excbaoge for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Cataloe"* It de-
scribes aod illustrates everything^ for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOXjHJIDO, OHIO.

Mention Bee Journal vrben wrltlngr*

804

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 23, 1905

SPECIAL ISSUE of Gleanings in Bee Culture, Dec. 15, 1905

®®

We are pleased to announce
that extensive plans are under
way for a magniflcent Christ-
mas issue of Gleanings in Bee
Culture, ready for mailing Deo.
)5th. It is planned that this is-
sue shall by far exceed in its
wealth of contributed articles,
its halftone illustrations, and
its cover design, anything here-
tofore attempted in bee-keep-
ing literature. It will consist
of at least 100 pages, and should
be kept by every bee-keeper.

Cover

The cover is printed in three
colors by one of the best color-
printing establishments in the
United States. We were not
satisfied to attempt this our-
selves, and have gone to great
expense for the printing of this
cover. The design is something
unique, and very pleasing in-
deed. It shows the red clover
in its natural colors in all its
beauty, and, altogether, will
make a bee-keeper's magazine
that will compare favorably
with any of the literary maga-
zines of the present day.

Half-Tone Illustra-
tions

During the past summer we
have had a special artist who
has been sent to various points
especially to take photographs
for us. He has traveled on our
account alone the pastsumnrer
over 4000 miles, and we can
promise something very fine ij

RISTM.XS

1905

our half-tones for this issue. In
this preliminary announcement
we are unable to specify defi-
nitely the subjects that will be
given, but those who are at all
familiar with Gleanings for the
past year will know that a treat
in illustrations is in store for
them. We can delinitely an-
nounce now that some of the
prize photographs in our second
photographic contest, American
and Foreign, will appear in this
issue. Our engravings are made
by the very finest engravers in
the United States, insuring first-
class work in every case.

Writers

For this issue we shall have
our regular contributors, such
as Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M. Doo-
little. Prof. A. J. Cook, J. A.
Green, and Louis Scholl, besides
special contributed articles, es-
pecially for the number, by
E. W. Alexander, Dr. E. F.
Phillips, of Washington, D. C,
and others.

Other Features

Not only shall we make the
magazine a thing of beauty and
special value in its reading-col-
umns, but special attention will
be given to making it of value
as a reference-book — a sort of
yearbook for bee-keepers — so
that it will be kept for frequent
reference throughout the fol-
lowing year. We expect to
have all of the reliable adver-
tisers represented in its col-
umns, such as the breeders of
various races of queens," dealers in bees, dealers in general supplies, dealers in special articles for bee-keepers. It will be valu-
able alike to the advertiser and to the subscriber, and no bee-keeper in the country can afford to miss this issue; neither can
any advertiser afford to miss the opportunity of being represented in its columns.

Subscription Rates

We are making a short-time offer — a special trial trip of 6 months for 25 cents, which will include this Dec. 15th issue.
This one number alone should be worth 25 cents to any bee-keeper. We can not promise to hold this offer open indefinitely,
for our cover pages will necessarily have to go to press considerably in advance of the day of publication ; and after the num-
ber contracted for are sold, we shall not be able to supply additional copies. It is important, therefore, that yovir subscription
be received promptly.

WANTED-25 YOUNG MEN

There is now, and has been for years, a greater demand for experienced bee-help than there are men ready for these
places. Each winter and spring we are obliged to disappoint many large apiarists by telling them we do not know where suit-
able help can be found. The demand is already begining for the season of 1906.

We have found that many who take our course in bee-culture by correspondence prefer to go into business for them-
selves, so we still need active young men who have a fair knowledge of the subject— men whom we know something about—
who can be recommended for the places frequently offered. We have, therefore, determined to-day to offer a limited course in

BEE-KEEPING BY MAIL

We shall desiginate this as Course No. 2. The lessons are identical with the lessons in Course No. 1. The time, how-
ever is limited to one year from enrollment. The course may be easily completed in 3 to i months. The following is the

OXJT3LjI3SrE3 OF COXJR,SH!

1. Definitions of Terms

2. Inmates of the Hive

3. Comb

4. Handling Bees

5. Transferring

6. Building Up Colonies

7. The Honey-Flow

8. Swarming

14. Enemies of Bees

15. Establishing an Apiary

16. Queen Rearing

17. General Examination

9. Rendering Normal

10. Preparing for Winter

11. Wintering

12. Spring Management

13. Bee Diseases— Sjniptonis

te3r,m:s of ooxjk,sh! s-full-cash payment

Complele course as outlined, lessons, personal answers to all questions, including the A B C of Bee-Culture (500-page book,)
and Gleanings in Bee Culture, (semi monthly,) for one year, JS.OO.

With ether the A B C or Gleanings omitted in case you have one, $4 00.

With both omittf d in case you have both, $3.00.

If a full colony of Italian bees with tested queen ii wanted, in either Dovetailed or Danzenbaker hive, we will, for $10.00 extra,
deliver one colony at your express station, at any point in U.S. east of the Mississippi River, or make equal allowance to other
points ,

ty crx HERE "a»
The Root Correspondence School of Bee Culture, Medina, Ohio.

.190.

Enclosed find in payment of one course of instruction (No. 2) in the Root Correspondence School of

Bee Culture. „ „ „^ _

Name P-0 State

County or Street Express Office

Please answer the following : Have you a colony of bees? Have you an ABC of Bee Culture of 1903

or 1905, which ' Have you already subscribed for Gleanings this year?

&&

^ A A.

1 ^|BPEM|llfe

(Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Published Weekly at gl.OO a Year by Ceorge IV. York Si, Co., 3»4 Uearborn St.

QBOROB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, NOVEMBER 23, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 47

The American Bek Journal is absolutely an independent publication, and not
connected with any bee-supply business whatsoever. It stands entirely upon
its merits as an educative force in the field of bee-keeping, and as a medium
for legitimate advertisers in apicultural or other lines. It is the oldest, and
only weekly, journal of its kind in America. Its publishers believe that it
deserves 1o be in the hands of every would-be progressive successful bee-
keeper in the land. It is in its 4Sth year, and to-day is acknowledged to be
better in every way than at any time during its long and honorable history.

r=

\^

(Sbttortal Ticks ^ (Eommcnts

Disposing of the Honey Crop

This is an old subject, but it never will wear
out nor become thread-bare. It is always in-
teresting to the beekeeper who has harvested
a good crop of honey, but who has difficulty
in turning it into cash or a profit.

Now, suppose those who have succeeded in
realizing good returns on their honey just
write us all about it, and we will publish it
for the good of all. You need not name the
exact place where you sold your honey, but
just tell in detail /low you did it. No one
wants to " give away " the location of his best
"flshing-hole" nor his " diamond-tield," but
he can tell horn he discovered them — the road
that led to them. That would not harm him
nor lessen his trade, and would be a great
help to others who are stumbling along in the
dark toward success.

December Climate of Chicago

We notice that some Southern bee-keepers
seem to fear coming to the National conven-
tion in Chicago, Dec. 19, 20 and 21, lest the
weather be so cold. We have not kcown it
to be very cold here before Christmas. We
are sure that no one need to stay away on
account of the cold, tor the hall where the
convention is to be held is a warm one; also
the Revere House is a very comfortable place
in which to sleep.

Some Northern people didn't care to go to
San Antonio on account of the extreme heat
that might be found there, though such a
thing would not keep us away any more than
would extreme cold. Last February, at the
Wisconsin convention in Madison, it was
about 20 degrees below zero; at the National
convention in Los Angeles, in 1903, it was 100

degrees nbuve zero. That's only a difference
of 120 degrees in extremes. And we stood
both all right.

But let no one remain away from the Chi-
cago convention on account of the cold.
There will be plenty of coal here at that time,
as there is now, so that should it be a little
cooler than usual no one need be uncomfort-
able.

The advice for those coming to Chicago at
any time is the same as that given to tourists
going to Colorado or California, viz. : Take
extra wraps along as the weather is liable to
be changeable. Be prepared for whatever

comes.

♦

Control of Swarming

Bee-keepers of the younger generation prob-
ably do not realize what a thorough revolu-
tion has taken place in one respect within the
last half century or less. Formerly the num-
ber of swarms was considered the thing with
which to gauge the failure or success of the
season. " Last year was a poor year — hardly
a Bwarm ; this year has been fine — lots of
swarms." All that has changed, until now
the thing most eagerly sought by a large num-
ber, if not the great majority, is some method
by which swarming may be prevented, or at
least controlled.

What is best for one may not be best for
another, but the practical bee-keeper is always
on the lookout for something better, and any
plan that has actually been put to the test by
some practical bee-keeper is eagerly scanned.
So here is another plan, given in the Bee-
Keepers' Review by another very practical
man, R. C. Aikin:

" 1 know of one or two methods that are
practical. Unqueening will surely control;

but, some seasons, and in some localities,
such as have a second or later flow, it dam-
ages the crop from the late flow too seriously.
The best plan I know of is to give biy room at
all times outside (lie flow, and if you have con-
ditions that cause" swarming before the flow
comes, take away brood, or, in some other
way, keep the conditions such that swarming
wili not occur, and then when the flow arrives
shake out and mass the bees as swarms, hiv-
ing on starters. This way makes our swarms
when we are ready, and, what is also of equal
importance, w/ien the flow is ready. When you
have ' swarmed ' the bees, have queens for
such increase as you may make, that not any
one is left queenless, and the oldest and poor-
est queens would best be left with the swarm
on the old stand. Put the old hive on a new
stand, and let it have a vigorous queen that
will fill her hive with brood while there is not
enough fielders to clog the combs with honey ;
this will insure a rousing colony tor a later
flow, if there is one. So handled, there is no
question about results, if there is the nectar
to be gathered ; you master the swarming so
that you can go when jou please, and it will
get the honey if it is to be had."

Bees and Grapes Again

We have received the following from Mr.
S. T. Crim, of Dawson, 111. :

Editor York ;— I enclose a clipping from
the Illinois State Journal, published in
Springfield, HI. It makes me feel sad to
think that the honey-bees have to bear the
blame for something they did not do.

I have had a little experience in this. My
grapes were all "chawed" up and mashed —
the finest bunches — and the bees would swarm
on the vine and sucli the juice. I am satis-
fied that it is the little night-owls, or some
other night-birds, that do the damage to
grapes.

I find that the honey-bee has a great many
enemies. I met an old lady on our streets a
week or two ago who told me that my bees
were eating up her peaches. 1 told her I was
sorry for it. She said the bees ate a hole in a
large peach and tilled up the hole with honey.
I thought she ought not to complain, for she
then surely had peaches and honey, which is
said to be good for cramping colic I

The next thing we hear will be that the
bees are destroying the potato crop.

Now, how are we going to defend the honey-
bees when some one wilfully lies about them I

October 23. S. T. Cbim.

The clipping to which Mr. Crim refers reads

as follows :

Bees In.iure GBArss.

Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 15.— Bees are to
blame for a small yield of grapes in this State.
It has been found that over one-third of the
grape crop has been destroyed by the honey-
makers. Bunches of grapes which were un-

806

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 23 1905

protected have been visited by bees and the
juice drawn from the fruit. In consequence
the fruit is unfit to be talsen from the vines.

The damage wrought can hardly be esti-
mated in dollars and cents. In the southern
part of the State, where many of the hills are
Tine-clad and a few large vineyards are not un-
known, the damage has been great.

The local market has felt the effects of the
insects to such an extent that Indiana grapes
have been not only a scarcity but almost an
unknown factor.

Many who foresaw the work of the bees
" sacked " their fruit before it began to ripen,
and in this way saved much of the fruit from
destruction.

It is probably a mistake to attribute the
work of puncturing grapes to nocturnal birds.
There are enough miscreants to do the work
in broad daylight, although so shy as to be
not easy of detection. Any one who carefully
examines the holes made in the grapes will
easily be convinced that the opening looks
like the work of birds rather than bees.
When freshly made, the hole is not round.
Two holes are made at some little distance
apart by the upper and lower mandibles, the
bird striking the grape with its mouth open ;
then the closing of the mouth makes another
line of opening from one of the first holes to
the other. Bees wouldn't be likely to make
such an opening.

This sort of defamation of the character of
the bee does not come from a malicious desire
to lie about it. It is merely a part of "yel-
low" journalism, that must have something
sensational, all the better if true, but if noth-
ing true is to be had, then something false
must take its place; anything for the sake of
something " yellow." Let us hope that the
days of yellow journalism may speedily be
found on the wane, and that the reading pub-
lic may demand truth, and truth only, even
about such a defenseless creature as the little
busy bee.

Later.— After the foregoing was written,
we received the following from Mr. P. B.
Thaxton, of Scott Co., 111., taken from the
Scott County Herald, which seems to lix the
responsibility of grape-destruction upon the
miserable sparrows:

The Spabbow Pest and Grapes.

J. A. Tribrausser, writing to the State Jour-
nal at Springfield, says:

I read with interest an article in the State
.Journal headed, " Indiana Grapes Injured by
Bees." I desire to state that I am a fruit-
grower in a small way, and my experience
has been that the sparrow is the source of the
trouble.

These birds pick the grape first and then
the bees suck the juice. That is what they
did to my grapes this summer. First, they
pulled oil" the peach blossoms; next they ate
all my peas and lettuce; when raspberries be-
gan to ripen they destroyed them ; followed
this by picking the summer apples and early
peaches full of holes and then ate the sugar-
cane seed.

As there were thousands of these birds I
tried to shoot them, and also discharged fire-
crackers under their roost, but still they stay.
It is only a question of a few years, if some-
thing is not done to destroy them, until they
will destroy all the fruit.

I know it is the sparrow that destroys the
grapes, because I put mine in paper-bags, and
the birds picked holes in the bags and ate the
grapes. This I saw them do.

They are here in bunches of thousands, and
as no bounty is offered for their destruction,
they are increasing so rapidly that they will
destroy all the fruit unless they are done
away with.

The Fair E.vhlbit of Win. K. Prisk,

of Mineral Point, Wis. , appears on the first
page. When sending the picture he wrote as
follows:

I send a photograph of my honey exhibit
at the Wisconsin State Fair. The 4 pillars are
all glass, filled with fancy white honey in 4x.5
sections. The corners are grained in oak.
The arch is painted white. There are 4 kinds
of honey in the arch and 4 kinds of packages.
In the center of the pillars stands a table with
6-ounce bottles filled with fancy extracted
white clover honey, with glass between each
tier of bottles. Back of the arch, which can
not be seen in the picture, stands two more
tables, one with :3 kinds of honey in round
pyramids of fancy bottles, and the other table
has U dozen fancy bottles of honey —12 kinds.
Next to the tables are 3 square show-oases
on top of each other. The bottom one has 4
deep and 4 shallow extracting frames per-
fectly filled and capped; the rest of the case
is filled with sections from 2 pounds to %
pound.

The next case has all the kinds of sections
in use. The top case is filled with 3;'„'x5 sec-
tions; next comes the shipping-cases, 80 in
number, of 24 pounds each. You can see part
of them. These cases are grained in oak and
mahogany, and painted white and blue. The
cases are filled with very fine white clover
honey.

On top of the cases stands another glass
show-case filled with different kinds of comb
honey. Back of the cases are honey-cans
from 60 pounds to 1 pound. The cans are
painted yellow, red and blue. Back of the
cans are the bees and sample cases of honey.
You can see some of them in the small picture.
In the small picture are the 3 sample cases
of comb honey — white, amber and dark. The
premiums I received were as follows; First
on sample case of white comb honey, ex-
tracted honey, amber couib, dark comb, dark
extracted; and best and most attractive dis-
play of comb honey. Second premium on
best and most attractive display of extracted
honey.

They say the exhibit was one of the best
ever put up. I tried to get a good picture
of the exhibit, but all failed. I had about
4500 pounds of honey in the exhibit, about
equal parts of extracted and comb honey.
Everything was grained; that is, the wood-
work, in oak and mahogany, which give it a
fine appearance

I read the American Bee Journal every
week with profit and pleasure, and will some
day write an article on the way I secure such
fine crops of fancy honey. W. E. Frisk.

We will be pleased to receive Mr. Frisk's
article whenever he writes it.

Mr. "Will. A. Selser, of Philadelphia,
Pa., is one of the most widely known bee-
keepers and honey-dealers in this country.
He is slso a director in the National Bee-
Keepers' Association. A medical publication
in the East, which was interested in bee-sting
poison as a remedy, had this to say about Mr.
Selser and his work :

Some 15 or more years ago the large manu-
facturing company in which Mr. Salser was a
partner, was forced to the walls through the
rasfality of some of their selling agents. The
failure left him greatly crippled in resources;
without business or employment, and for
some time without an open door to either.
Gradually it came to him that there might be
an opening in this line. When once this con-
clusion was reached, Mr. Selser threw himself
into bis new occupation with his indomitable
energy, studying everything that could pos-
sibly "be of any advantage, also taking a spe-
cial course in the chemical laboratory of the
college in the chemistry of honey and its

adulterations, afterwards traveling extensively
through the United States and Mexico for the
purpose of observation. The result has been
that he has built up a large and profitable
business, and is considered one of the largest
apiarists in the country, and an authority
upon the adulteration of honey. We will let
the story point its own moral.

Bke-Stino Rbmbdt— A Thriving Industry.

Since the discovery, a few months ago, that
formic acid from bees' stingers is a sure cure
for rheumatism and lumbago, the demand for
the stingers has leaped far in advance of the
supply. Chemists and wholesale druggists are
placing orders for all of them that can be had,
and apiarists are doing their utmost to supply
the demand.

Experiments made by the H. K. Mulford
laboratories, near Glenolden, proved the efH-
ciency of the bees' stingers as a cure for rheu-
matism and lumbago.

On the end of the stinger, which is about
one-sixteenth of an inch long, is a tiny sac,
containing a drop of formic acid. This sac
the bee detaches with the stinger after the
latter has been deposited in human flesh.

Formic acid neutralizes uric acid, the pres-
ence of which in the system produces rheu-
matism and lumbago. Science has found a
way to convert the stingers, with their supply
of formic acid, into a serum, which, used as
antitoxine or vaccine virus is used, effects a
cure. The stingers bring $S or $9 a thousand.

Mr. Selser, who has one of the largest api-
aries about Philadelphia, finds himself quite
busy at certain seasons of the year filling or-
ders for these stingers. At this apiary there
are more than 1,000,000 bees under cultivation.

Mr, Selser has devised a regular system for
extracting their stingers for market Bees,
he has discovered, do not like the odor of
rubber, and when they detect it will often
attack the rubber in a frenzied manner. He
is experimenting with a soft rubber blanket
or mat, which he places near the hives. The
bees smell the rubber, and, attacking the mat,
deposit their stingers, pumping into the small
sac more formic acid than they are wont to do
when attacking a person, or when not gen-
erally excited.

After the bees have vented their fury upon
the mat it is removed and the stingers are ex-
tracted by means of small tweezers, care be-
ing taken not to destroy the formic acid
pouch. As the stings are removed they are
placed in small bottles containing pulverized
sugar. These in turn are sent to chemical
laboratories, where the formic acid is ex-
tracted and reduced to serum.

" The Honey-Money Stories."— The

Canadian Bee Journal mentions it thus ap-
provingly :

We have been favored with a specimen copy
of a handsome booklet of 64 pages, entitled,
"The Honev-Money Stories," published by
Geoi>ge W. York & Co., Chicago, and edited
by Earl M. Pratt. It is very attractively got-
ten up, printed on enameled paper, and beau-
tifully illustrated. It contains a variety of
short stories, interspersed with facts and in-
teresting items about honey and its use. The
idea of the booklet is to arouse interest in
honey, and increase its consumption. It will
make an excellent gift-book. Single copies
25 cents; 5 copies SI.

Y'es, it would make a nice "gift-book,"
especially for a person who is not now inter-
ested in the use of honey. Christmas will
soon be here. Why not order 5 copies and
present them to your friends. One copy with
the American Bee Journal a year— both for
§1.10 ; or 5 copies and the American Bee Jour-
nal—all for only ?1.60. Send all orders to
this office.

Nov. 23 190^

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

807

-V (£ontrtbxitcb -f
Special (XvticUs

jf

Prices of Honey Then and Now -Why the
Difference ?

BY G. M DOOLITTLK

IX the latter '70's a bee-keeper called on me, and soon our
conversation turned on the price of honey, as the month
of the year was August, and both he and myself had taken
off quite a crop of white comb honey. I asked him what he
thought the price would be that year, and without he.-^ilation
he said 25 cents a pound.

As I had counted on no', more than 20 to 22 cents, I asked
him on what he based his ideas of prices. His reply was as
prompt again, "On the prices which butter is bringing in
market."

I said, " What makes you compare prices of honey with
butter ?" His reply was that he had " been in the bee-busi-
ness longer than I had,'" and that "he had noted for the past
20 years that the prices of honey and butter had not varied
more than a cent or two in all that time."

He then told me of corresponding prices before the war,
and cited me to what I knew of the high prices of the latter
'60's and early '70's, when both butter and honey sold from 30
to SO cents per pound, which I of course could not dispute.
And, sure enough, I sold my honey that year at 25 cents.
But with the '80's came a change, and the price of butter out-
ran that of honey by 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cents, while the difference
in price has been widening ever since.

A few days ago a neighbor of mine took his crop of
honey to the "city where he had sold it a few days before by
sample at lOK cents on an average, he having a crop of over
1200 pounds. And this honey was fully as good on the aver-
age as was my crop in 1875, when 1 was paid 28}.^' cents per
pound for my whole crop. Nor is my neighbor a poorer sales-
man than myself.

Well, what about the price of butter to-day as compared
with the price of 1875 ?— 20 to 22 cents now with 28 to 30 in
1875.

Then in 1875, when I was drawing my honey to the city
at 28)^ cents per pound, I would stop on my way home and
put on a load of coal for our winter's fuel, and the price was
$3.50 a ton. Now with 10,'2-cent honey I have to pay $6.45.
And I can do no bettor with these matters, try as hard as I can.
Again, in 1875 I was trustee in our school district, and
with honey at 28X cents per pound I hired a teacher for our
school at $3.50 a week, she to teach on every other Saturday,
or 5>2 days to the week. To-day, with honey at lOM cents a
pound we have to pay the teacher for this same district $9.00
a week, and she leaches only 5 days for a week, and a short 6
hours for each day.

Hut I hear some one saying, " Why don't you sell your
honey at home, peddling it out at better prices ?" I have sold
some in this way at 12}^ cents, but an entirely country place
will take only a small part of the honey produced by 3 or 4
apiarists residing within 5 miles of each other. Then I must
pay $2.00 a day for any help I must hire to do work while I
am peddling, and this would require an average daily sale of
100 pounds to meet the wages of hired help, while this help
would not work to nearly as good advantage as I could, so
that as far as linance is concerned, it is just as profitable for
me to sell at lOJ^, and draw my whole crop off in a day, as it
IS to peddle it out at \2\i with a daily average sale of 100
pounds.

But why talk about peddling? In the '70's buyers came
to my door seeking the whole crop. Now I am compelled to
peddle, and strain every nerve possible to get less than one-
half for my crop what I could in the '70's in bulk, while, on
the other hand, I still continue to go after my butter, coal and
school-teacher, with the butter but little lower, and the coal
and teacher costing more than double what they did in the
'70's. It costs me 2 pounds of honey to get 1 of butter to-day,
while in the '70's it was pound for pound. In 1875, 100 pounds
of honey would buy 8 tons of coal. To-day it will take nearly
500 pounds of honey to buy the same. And when it comes to
hiring the district school-teacher a still larger proportion of
my crop of honey must go. In fact, I do not know of a single
item along the line of those I must have to give me a comfort-

able living that is as low in proportion as is the price of comb
honey, at the present time. Sugar comes the nearest to it,
nd in rummaging the ground all over I know of nothing that
will account for the difference unless it is this matter of
sugar. At wholesale for the two, 2 pounds of granulated
sugar can be gotten for 1 pound of honey, and this is about
the same as could be done in the '70's.

And the public mind has seemed to change along this
sugar-and-honey line, for, contrary to the '70's, I hear people
arguing now that with the lO.i., cents they must pay for 1
pound of honey they can get 2 pounds of sugar. Then to
1 his sugar they can add 1 pound of water, and thus have 3
pounds of sweet of about the consistency of honey, which
(especially where some of the nicer-tlavored C sugars are used)
they would just as lief have as the honey. And thus they
conclude that they can not afford honey, unless, perchance, it
is a little as a luxury to put on the table for company. .So in
this we are having an underconsumption of honey, which, in
effect, is the same as an overproduction, which always means
low pr ices.

1 would like the opinion of others in this matter.

Borodino, N. Y.

Luther Burbank and Better Honey Plants
and Bees

BY riiOF. A. .1. COOK

In the Popular Science Monthly for August is a very in-
teresting article on this great savant, by one of the most dis-
tinguished scientists of the world. Prof. De Fries, of Europe.
It will be wise for all to read it, as it Is full of valuable sug-
gestion.

Burbank has originated more valuable varieties of plants
than any other man of the world. The traits which have
made Burbank so phenomenal in his line of e.xperimentation
are —

1st. Vision. He has a quick eye to see valuable charac-
teristics in plant or flower.

2d. He has a great range of experience, which assures
him that with enough labor and patience he can emphasize
any desirable trait and build up around it other traits which
can be introduced by discriminating crossings with other
closely allied varieties, or possibly species, and thus may hope
to originate almost any ideal, providing this ideal has a basis
of fact in existing varieties or species.

3d. He has unlimited patience, and is quite willing to
work and to wait. He is said in one case to have destroyed a
half million plants, but secured one that he had wished for
and planned to secure. Often he destroys hundreds of thou-
sands. Burbank believes that heredity hangs upon all the
environments of all the ancestors. The more varied the an-
cestors the more diverse the environments ; the more probable
the extremes of variations the greater possibility of desirable
varieties. One who has vision to see what is valuable and
desirable, to note germs of such in existing individuals, and
possessed of infinite energy and patience, may hope and ex-
pect a success equal to anything tiiat Burbank has attained.
There are realms yet to conquer in these directions.

Better Honey-Plants.

To the bee-keeper this line of research possesses practi-
cal importance in two directions. We need better honey
plants and better bees.

What a reputation Wisconsin and portions of New York
have attained for their excellence as honey-localities ! The
basswood that has given this enviable fame is rapidly going.
What is to take its place"? No doubt red clover is rich with
delicious nectar, but is for the most part too deep in the long
fiower-tubes to make this a good or desirable honey-plant.
Some Burbank will yet see some plant like figwort or poin-
settia rich with finest nectar, which he will build up into
plants excellent for forage.

We must have plants equal to white clover, linden or sage,
for honey, and to red clover and alfalfa for hay or pasture.
Alfalfa is not perfect as a honey-plant, though it is very supe-
rior as a forage plant. No doubt a Burbank could secure a'
variety that would yield nectar in all places and under most
trying conditions of drouth and climate.

A Superior lIoNEy-Br.E.

A few days ago it was my great pleasure to examine the
bees on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture, with
Dr. Phillips, who has them in charge. I was specially inter-
ested in a Caucasian queen. She was Urge and fine in form

808

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 23, 1905

and shiny black in color. Her bees were much like the com-
mon black bees, yet were exceedingly amiable. We opened
the hive with no use of smoke. It had rained hard nearly
every day for a week — and we know such weather is not con-
ducive to storing, and so usually makes cross bees We
knocked against the hive and brushed the bees rudely, even
pressing against them with the flat of the hand, yet the\'
made no sign of anger, nor gave any evidence of irritation or
wish to sting.

Dr. Phillips is planning to work for better bees. He has
in these Caucasian bees all that we can wish for temper : and
as they are of the black type, they will doubtless give a very
white grade of honey. We will hope and believe that Dr.
Phillips will be able to unite with these peculiarities such
other desirable traits as the long tongue, activity and indus-
try of the best yellow races. Burbank would affirm that we
had in these bees every requisite to success. That it will be
possible to keep all the good now found, and even to empha-
size this, and by wise crossing and innumerable trials, we
may brace these characteristics with others that will fashion
the ideal — the perfect bee.

There is one feature of these experiments that is worthy
of mention : One reason that Burbank has won his phenome-
nal laurels in plant-breeding comes from the fact that after
crossing he can plant thousands of seeds, and thus try almost
infinite experiments, anti get results in a very short period.
In most cases of breeding in animals the work is slow and re-
sults tardy of appearance. With bees the case is different ;
we can get results with great promptness, and each year may
get valuable returns, or at least may push work to completion.

Keseaech Fund.

Just here I have a suggestion that I believe we should
press for all that may come of it. It will be remembered that
Mr. Carnegie has endowed research with a large endowment.
Some thousands of this fund have been wisely handed over to
Mr. Burbank, that he may give his entire energy to the work
where he has proved himself such a master. There are still
thousands more to be granted. Why should not $1500 or $2000
be appropriated annually to aid Dr. Phillips in his valuable
work of queen-breeding ? This would make it possible to give
fullest energy to these researches. The object sought is surely
worthy most careful research and the best ability and atten-
tion.

We have every reason to believe that Dr. Phillips is spe-
cially well fitted by temperament, taste, culture and energy
to do the work. There is every reason why this fund should
be voted. If the two National Associations shall take the
initiative they will surely exert a great, if not a telling, in-
fluence with the board that is in control of this fund. If such
initiative is supported by earnest petition from bee-keepers all
over the country, representing every State and, if possible,
every county, then truly we may hope for the appropriation
and look for most valuable results at Dr. Phillips hands. Let
us lose no time in inaugurating this important movement.

#

How Many Pounds of Honey Produce a
Pound of Wax ?

BY ADRIAN GETAZ

HOW many pounds of honey does it take to produce one
pound of wax ? is a question that has received all sorts
of answers from, if I am not mistaken, lyi to 30 pounds.
The high figures, especially when it comes to 20 or 30 pounds,
are certainly in error, as can be easily seen by considering
how they were obtained.

The first experiments made were by Huber. He shut
some bees in a suitable box and fed them sometimes brown
sugar and sometimes honey, and saw the scales of wax pro-
duced and some comb built. The honey or sugar fed and the
comb produced were weighed.

As an estimate of the honey used in a colony under nor-
mal conditions to prodnce one pound of wax, Huber's figures
are useless. Too few bees were used, the temperature was
merely that of the room, and therefore much below that of a
hive. Each experiment lasted only a few days, and we know
that the formation of the wax commences only three or four
after the heavy-feeding (honey-flow or artificial feeding) has
begun. Only the built comb was weighed, the scales of wax
that might have been on the bodiesof the bees were neglected.

The first idea that will come to the reader's mind is. How
can it be possible that an experiment could be so carelessly
conducted ? And if the other observations of Huber were not
better made, what reliance can we place on his assertions ?

But Huber never tried to find out how many pounds of honey
it takes to make a pound of wax — he may never have thought
of it at all. At the time he was living nearly everybody be-
lieved that the wax was gathered on the flowers, or at least
on the plants. And all he wanted to prove was that the wax
was not gathered outside, but is a secretion of the bees produced
from the honey they eat ; just like the milk of a cow is a,
product of the food she eats. Those who have used his figures
to prove that it takes 20 or more pounds of honey to produce
one pound of wax are the ones to blame.

Another set of figures, often misused in the same manner,
are those of Dumas and Milne Edwards. Their experiments
were very carefully conducted — everything, even the bees
themselves, was counted, weighed and analyzed. Their sole
object was to show, like Huber, that the wax is a secretion
and a product of the honey consumed. But when it comes to
determine how many pounds of honey it takes under normal
conditions to produce a pound of wax, tbeir figures are nearly
as objectionable as those of Huber, and for similar reasons,
and should never have been used for such a purpose.

Other experiments have been made in a more direct way
by feeding confined bees. Most of them are more or less ob-
jectionable on the same lines as those of Huber. Even the
best can not be considered as reliable. Bees confined, and
without queens and brood, will not work like they do under
natural conditions. So we may dismiss at once all attempts
made in that direction.

French Experlments.

Another method to get at it was undertaken and discussed
a few years ago by Messrs. Sylviac, Maujean, Devauchelle,
and other leading French apiarists, and reported during 1901
and 1902 In the Apiculteur and the Revue Internationale. The
principle is this :

During the first two or three days — perhaps four — after a
swarm is hived, quite an amount of comb is built, but only a
few bees, comparatively, go to the fields; that is, when
neither comb nor foundation is given. The lack of room to
put in the nectar gathered forces a large number of bees to
remain at home and work at wax-producing and comb-build-
ing instead of going to the field. It may be assumed that the
few bees which go to the field bring in enough to keep the
colony alive, and that the amount of wax-scales that the bees
brought in on their bodies is offset by what they may have at
the end of three days, or about ; that is, before any honey is
stored in the combs. It is then taken for granted that the
comb built is the product of the honey brought out of the
parent hive by the swarm, or at least an equivalent amount.
Knowing that the bees of a swarm come out with their honey-
sacs full, knowing the weight and approximately the number
of bees of the swarm, and also the amount of honey that a bee
does carry out when swarming, it ought to be very easy to
make a fairly good estimate.

The figures obtained were widely different with the differ-
ent swarms. Quite a discussion followed concerning their in-
terpretation, the correctness of the assumptions mentioned
above, and what corrections should be introduced. The out-
come was an estimation of from 2 to 4 pounds of honey for a
pound of wax produced under such circumstances.

During the discussion Mr. L. Maupy suggested that,
chemically speaking, 100 grams of wax contain about82grams
of carbon, 13 of hydrogen, and 5 of oxygen. On the other
hand, 100 grams of honey contain 28 grams of carbon, 8 of
hydrogen, and 64 of oxygen. It follows that to make up the
82 grams of carbon contained in 100 grams of wax, not less
than 2,'4 or 3 times that amount of honey must be consumed.

So far as the mere transformation of honey into wax is
concerned, I think this is all that is needed. But there is the
extra warmth needed, to be considered. To make it plain, let
us consider a colony having no super. All the warmth needed
is enough to keep up the temperature in the brood-nest. But
let us add a super. Then this super will have to be kept
warm enough to insure rapid production of wax and comb
building. And of course an extra quantity of honey will have
to be consumed to that end. In very warm weather it might
be next to nothing, but in cool weather it might be quite high.

Hasty'8 Experiments.

Some 20 years ago (in July, 1885) Mr. Hasty made an ex-
periment in the same line as the above. A prime swarm was
weighed and hived, and the hive placed on a delicate balance
at sundown. The swarm weighed 2 pounds and 12 ounces.
During the night the decrease of weight was 2 ounces, while
during ihe experiment the average decrease every night was
4 ounces.

The plan was to weigh the colony morning and night, to
ascertain the amount brought in ; let them work 4 days, then

Nov. 23, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

809

cut out the comb built and-weigh it, weighing the wax, honey
and pollen contained separately. This last was done by
weighing the comb first as it was, and then the wax after it
was rendered. The operation was repeated twice at intervals
of 4 days. The number of bees which died durinjc these 12
days must have been insignificant, since the colony weighed
as much at the close as at the beginning. The amount of
honey taken from the old hive by the swarm, contrary to the
general opinion, must have been small, since the colony
weighed 7 ounces more after the first 4 days than at the be-
ginning. They could have had but tew wax-scales on their
bodies when they came out, since more wax was produced dur-
ing the second period of 4 days than during the first.

One point is somewhat uncertain. The difl'eronce in
weight between morning and night is assumed to represent
the honey gathered during the day. As a matter of fact it is
not ripened, and is too heavy to represent ripe honey. But,
on the other hand, bees have been eating during the day, and
Hasty assumed that one would balance the other. The as-
sumption can not be far from wrong, anyway. A deduction
of 2 ounces per day, or rather per night, was made for what
the bees consume merely to sustain their life. This was based
on the first weighings of the swarm, as stated above.

First Trial. — Honey and pollen gathered during the first
4 days, 43 ounces. Deduct consumption 8 ounces honey, and
pollen cut out 19 ounces, increase of honey in sacs attested
by the increase of weight of the swarm, 7 ounces. Remain-
der, 9 ouLces spent in producing 2 ounces and 10 drams of
wax, or nearly 3)-2 ounces of honey for 1 of wax.

Second Trial. — Gathered 48 ounces. Add to this 6
ounces decrease in honey-sacs. Deduct food 8 ounces, honey
and pollen cut out, 35 ounces. Remainder, 11 ounces having
produced 4 ounces of wax. The proportion is 254 to 1.

Third Trial. — Gathered 48 ounces. Add 1 ounce de-
crease in honey-sacs. Deduct 8 ounces food, and 33 ounces
cut out. Remainder, 8 ounces for 3'/i of wax, or a proportion
of 2>i to 1, or nearly so. — (Gleanings, Aug. IS, 1886.)

Prof. Bruner's Experiment.s.

Prof. Bruner, at the National Agricultural School at Cor-
dova (Argentina), has made a specialty of wax-production for
several years. The was there is worth 54 cents a pound.
Dark honey can be bought in unlimited quantities at 6 cents a
pound. Summarily speaking, the process is to feed the bees
all they can eat. and cut out the comb produced from time to
time. The honey contained is returned to the bees. He says
that it takes 68 pounds of honey to produce 10 of wax. That
is a ratio of nearly 7 to 1. But this necessarily includes what
the bees consume to rear brood and sustain their life as well
as to produce wax. Hasty deduces even what they consume
to live. In the French experiments related above, the daily
food to sustain life was not deducted, but as in Hasty's case,
no brood was reared.

Prof. Bruner's description with full details can be found
in the Apiculteur for February, 1904, page 55. A short de-
scription of this process is also in the American Bee-Keeper
of April, 1904, page 75.

Comb, Not Wax.

Of course for one making wax-producing a special'y, the
full 7 pounds, or about, as well as all the other costs, will
have to be charged against the price of one pound of wax.
But it is not so with the apiarist who would occasionally con-
vert some dark boney into wax. He has the bees already,
and whether he produces wax or not they will eat enough to
live and rear more or less brood. So in his case, the extra
honey consumed to produce a pound of wax would probably
not exceed 4 pounds. Four pounds of dark honey to produce
one pound of wax worth 25 cents would not be a very profit-
able operation, after all.

But, hold on. Right here, while preparing this paper,
almost an inspiration came to me. The " wax " thus pro-
duced by the bees is comb — partially-drawn comb. And as
such is fully as valuable, and in many respects preferable to
foundation, pound for pound. That means a cash value to
the apiarist who can use them of some 60 cents per pound. I
say a " cash value," for it may mean a good deal more in
honey, at least to the comb-honey man. Many times the
honey-flow opens suddenly, and 5, or even as much as 10
pounds of honey a day could be secured if there were combs
to receive it. But it takes 3 or 4 days to start the wax secre-
tion, and about that many more to build anything like a sulli-
cient amount of comb. Why not, when there is no flow, con-
vert the dark honey into partially drawn combs in the sec-
tions, and use them to secure a large portion of the white
honey lost for lack of already built combs ?

As much dark honey should be secured as possible. Ex-

tracting combs and supers might be used for that purpose.
Then, when the flow is over, convert it into comb, if pos-
sible built In the sections, and the following year use these
partially-built sections to secure as large a crop of white comb
honey as possible. Here the dark honey comes first, so the
management is a little different. Knoxville, Tenn.

/T"

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(£onr)cntton
Proceebings

Report of the Texas Convention

rJ

BY LOUIS 11. .SCHOLL, 8KC.

(Continued from page 793)
Next was discussed the
Preparation of the Apiary for the Honey-Flow.

Louis H. SchoU said the apiarist begins his preparations
the previous fall by having strong colonies of bees, good, pro-
lific queens, and plenty of stores to carry them through the
winter and next spring until the honey-flow opens. An early
examination for sufficiency of stores and strength of colonies
Is made in February and March, as soon as warm weather
opens. Colonies are equalized by exchanging brood. His
divisible brood-chamber hive has given him the best success,
as the hive can be manipulated to give the strongest colonies,
prevent swarming, and give the greatest yield of surplus
honey, which means the most profit for the bee-man.

Willie Atchley begins in the fall previous, like Mr. Scholl,
with good queens and plenty of honey. He uses full-depth
frames above and below, and finds them the most profitable in
his locality. To get bees Into the bodies above, he entices
them to storing by giving a frame of brood and honey there.
He said he has tried nearly all kinds of hives except the Dan-
zenbaker, and finds that he has best results with the regular
Langstroth hive.

Pres. Laws said that location has much to do with the
preparation for the flow. In some locations swarming is very
troublesome early in the season ; in others the troubles due to
the swarming come later. Therefore, different manipulations
are necessary. Labor is the most important consideration in
the expenses with the bee-keeper, consequently all extra
manipulations are expensive. He believes in getting the bees
In shape by giving lots of room and plenty of stores, and this
is to be done in the previous fall. Large hives are very
essential.

Mr. Aten has little trouble preparing for the honey-flow.
He keeps his bees mostly in 3 story 10-frame hives, leaving
the winter supplies in the third story. In carrying the honey
from the third story down-stairs the bees become accustomed
to the combs above.

Willie Atchley has plenty of pollen and honey in the
spring to stimulate his bees when the season opens.

Mr. Hagood begins feeding .lune 15. The honey-flow be-
gins July 1. There Is a long dearth between the spring honey
and the main flow, so he must feed during June to prepare
his bees until they gather the main honey.

T. P. Robinson related the following : Horsemint is peri-
odical in this section, appearing In abundance and yielding a
crop of honey once in 5 years, if they have rain so that it
comes up in November of the previous year. A bee-keeper
has to be a genius If he wants to succeed in bee-keeping In his
locality, as most of the land is in cultivation. There are no
wild flowers In the spring for the bees to build up on. They
build upon the stores that are left them, and when the dearth
sets in for 5 weeks before the honey-flow, feeding is resorted
to. Cheap brown sugar is used, and the syrup is fed until the
flow opens. Horsemint, cotton and mesquite come closely to-
gether, which gives a blend so that the product is a good-
flavored honey, much in demand. He has trouble sometimes
with what he calls " blubberry honey," and asks for opinions
as to the cause.

Mr. Aten has had the same trouble in extreme wet
weather with weak colonies which perhaps could not take
proper care of the honey after it was stored. Honey absorbs
moisture, and a weak colony does not keep up the required
temperature.

Mr. Hagood says that when the forces of the colony are
composed of more old bees than young bees, evaporation

810

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 23, 191 PS

is not kept up sufficiently by the young bees to care for the
honey broucrlit in by the old field-bees.

Mr. Robinson stated that to show that honey does absorb
moisture if not taken care of by the bees, it could be done by
extracting thick honey one evening which would be hard to
extract. Some of the same combs of honey left in the ex-
tractiug-bouse over night, especially when the atmosphere is
cool and damp, will be found to be thin and watery the next
day, and can be extracted more easily.

Mr. Laws has had no trouble with such honey except in
his baby nuclei, when green honey is given to them some-
times. That leaves the same condition as a weak colony
which is not able to thicken or ripen the honey properly. He
urges strongly that the bee-keepers let all green or unripe
honey remain on the hives, as they lose customers if they put
such souring honey on the market.

(Continued next week.f

.■if..
^»-

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from page 794 J
WIRING BROOD-FRAMES WITH STARTERS.

"Should brood-frames with starters be wired to prevent
breaking out of the comb?"

Mr. Hutchinson — Unless the hives are to be moved or
shipped by express I don't think there is any necessity for
it, simply for use in your own apiary. If they are to be
shipped they need wiring. Possibly if you are going to pro-
duce extracted honey those wires would be of advantage,
especially when the combs are new. After they are old they
are not.

Pres. York — Would the bees be apt to build the combs
properly over the wires when using only starters?

Mr. Hutchinson — Yes, they will.

Mr. Kimmey — My experience with bees has been limited
to the first swarm I had issue. I hived upon simple frames
with starters, and I never expressed nor move them any-
where except to carry them in the cellar, and three of those
frames broke down ; I don't know whether it was from

my awkwardness, or weak combs, or what it was. It seems
to me that after that experience I would always wire the
frames.

Mr. Meredith — In wiring frames of foundation I have
experienced the trouble of the bees gnawing in or around
the wire, and to do away with this trouble I use the brush
and slightly cover the wires with a little heated wax.

Mr. Becker — In my experience I have never used any
wire. I always use half sheets of foundation for every brood-
frame, and I have never had any trouble with frames break-
ing down.

Mr. Hoffman — I won't agree. If they do as I do they
will have no trouble. Hive on full sheets of foundation,
and put it in the hive, and then you want to wire. But
I try, as a rule, to get all the combs drawn before that
time. I out them in the top hives and have the bees draw
them out, and then I can put them anywhere and they are
all right. This wiring is a tedious undertaking for me.

Mr. Horstmaiin — The comb will not break if properly
handled, so there will be no necessity for wiring for the
purpose of holding the combs. Take a frame and turn it
over, and they are going to work up into it, right up and
down ; they will never break.

Mr. Colburn — I think it depends upon whether the
combs are fastened to all sides of Ib.e frames. I have had
quite a number of combs where the frames were fastened
securely, and I have done almost anything I wanted with
them, and yet they never fell out : and then I have had a
comb that was not fastened, and it simply tipped out by
raising the frame horizontally.

Mr. Hoffman — Wiring foundation gives one so much
more work, and that is whv I am not so much in favor of
it ; by wiring you will get a straight comb, and true, and it
will not sag, either.

Mr. Horstmann — The question asked is. Is it necessary
to wire frames with starters? I say it is not necessary,
but if yen want to take the frames out of the brood-chamber
to extract the honey it will be necessary to have it wired.
But answering the question as it is, I consider it is not
necessary, because I have handled the frames a great deal
and I have never had one break yet, not even bend.

Mr. Hoffman — I don't understand by the question that
it means starters. I wouldn't wire them at all.
(Continued next week.)

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®ur Bee^Kecpincj Sisters

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Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Steadfast Honey

The nearest dream recedes, unrealized.

The heaven we chase

Like the June bee

Before the schoolboy

Invites the race:

Stoops to an easy clover —
Dips — evades — teases— deploys :

Then to the royal elouds

Lifts her light pinnace

Heedless of the boy,
Staring, bewildered, at the mocking sky.

Homesick for steadfast honey.

Ah I the bee tlies not
That brews that rare variety.

—Emily Dickinson.

Cleaning Out Unflnlshed Sections

I wonder why our bees are so contrary
about emptying out sections. We tirst tried
putting on the supers of sections with an
empty super between the supers of honey to
be emptied and the brood-combs. They
seemed to be perfectly satisfied with the ar-
rangement, and let the honey remain where
it was— at least the most of it. Next we tried
putting a piece of burlap between, turning
back a small corner of the Imrlap just so a
bee or two could pass at a time. We confi-
dently expected to And those sections beauti-
fully emptied when we next visited them, but

not a bit of it; those bees said, "No, the honey
is all right where it is."

Next we tried putting the super of honey to
be emptied in front of the hive with a small
passage-way connecting it with the hive. Did
they empty them? Not they.

Then some one, I have forgotten who, just
now, said that it the super of sections to be
emptied was put on a colony and when full of
bees taken off and carried a short distance
and covered so as to allow only a few bees to
pass at a time, the bees would protect it
against robbers and carry the honey to their
own hive. Well, we tried it with justabout
the same degree of success. Thosts sections
were emptied, but not by the bees of any par-
ticular colony. The booty seemed free to all.

Then came Mr. Bevins, on page 6S0, telling
how he accidentally struct? on such a tine way
of getting his bees to empty his sections.

So, after supers were taken off, a super of
unfinished sections was put on No. 33, and it
was promptly occupied by the bees. It was
then raised up, and a board put between the
super and the hive, a small opening allowing
a passage from the super into the open air,
but there was no communication between the
hive and the super. That super stayed there
days, and the days extended into weeks, and
the honey stayed, too. The unsealed honey
was emptied, but not the sealed. At night
the bees generally deserted the super (but not
always), returning next day ; but there was no
appearance of robbing by other bees. No. 9
was also tried, but with no better results.

What is the matter with our bees, pray, that
we can not induce them to do it when others
do* Will Mr. Bevins or any one else tell us J

Bees Ready for Cellaring

Our bees have not baen put into the cellar
yet, and to-day (Nov. 10) they are having a
good Hight. We have had 1 or 3 pretty cold
days, the thermometer standing as 32 degrees
above zero in the morning, hut it has never
stayed cold long at a time. The colonies have
been weighed and are unusually heavy. They
seem to be in fine condition for their winter's
nap.

Bee-Dress for Women

I send you a photo of my apiary and its at-
tendant. This is not intended to compete for
a prize, but to show that women can work
with as much ease and convenience as men if
they haven't too much false modesty.

Of course, the men do not know what a
task it is to do outdoor work in skirts. If
you wish to know, just try it and see the dif-
ference. You are just as liable to be the cen-
ter of attraction until the strangeness wears
away. The hands in the field will stop to look
at you and smile, which will likely make you
angry, as you are all tangled up in yoijr
skirts, and bees stinging you, and no pockets
to put your tools in. Then you try to arise
from the position you are in, and are com-
pelled to untangle yourself. Gentlemen, try
the skirts once, and see if you do not think
my plan is all right.

But you know we Western women are quite
independent. We can vote, break bronchos,
round up cattle, and climb mountains; but
you Easterners must not class us with the In-

Nov. 23, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

811

dian 8, for we are quite at home in the parlor
with our Southern sisters, although wo do not
use tobacco. Miss D. Goodale.

Fort Collins, Colo.

[The bee-dress for Miss Goodale is sensible,
convenient, and not unbecoming. It is really
a travesty on modern intelligence and the
progress of the age in most things that cus-

tom and society demand that woman must be
handicapped in the awful way that she is in
the matter of dress. Bee-work, especially,
demands for woman the same degree of con-
venience that it does for man, and we must
admire the courage that prompts Miss Good-
ale to cater to convenience rather than to
social custom.— En.]— Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture.

The

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Cleaning Up UnriNisnED Sections.

That tale of Edwin Bevins is not quite so
hard to hold as the tail of a greased pig-
though not quite so eafy. perchance, as hold-
ing a " stick-tight" with a woolen glove. To
be feared that neither he nor we can very often
succeed in getting that kind of work well
started. Not very surprising that it runs
after a few thousand bees fully get the Idea.
It would often be very hand/ if we could
make a colony hold a super ii;;iiinst all comers
and steadily take out whatever was put in it.
Certainly worth experimenting at. Imagin-
able that there might be occasional success at
making a strong and enterprising colony hold
two hives, not necessarily near to each other,
the one a home and the other a feeder. One
idea for experimenting on would be to have a
long, low tent, home hive at one end, and
feeder hive at the other end ; tent to be taken
off when they once get fairly started. Page
6S0.

Insurance Company pok Bee-Keepers.

New and pert notions we mostly incline to
call Yankee notions; nevertheless the " Brit-
ishers" sometimes get the start of us. An
insurance company, with a lawyer always en-
gaged at special rates, can doubtless scare off
most bee-lawsuits, and win a large share of
the remainder. Two cents per hive for such
service is nearly as cheap as maintaining a
defensive association in our style — and the
returns are more comprehensive. Our Asso-
ciation, I believe, only lulps, don't promise all
the expenses of defense, and especially not all
the damages when a suit goes adversely. New
style, nice for"weun's." Hardly looks like
a gold-mine for the compiioy. Fear it will be
quite a spell ere we find American capitalists
that will start such a company. Page "25.

License for Bee-Territort.

So the Australian colony of Victoria is so
far up to date (or ahead of the date) that it
licenses apiaries. The editorial on page 726
assumes that it is only on (iovernment lands.
That hardly looks consistent with offering the
Government "two-sixths" of the fee. One
would say that the whole fee would of course
go to the Government for privileges on Gov-
ernment lands. But how the Australians

came to consent to such rank paternalism as
a license for bees that range over settlers'
lands, I don't know. 'Spects it must be an
anti-bee movement on the part of the settlers.
Anyhow, to pay $12 80 for 4 square miles of
territory is not what most of us would want
to do. Some might. Another sign that the
law is a hostile one is the way they enforce
it. Take pay for a license, and then let the
next man pay and locate as near as he chooses !
Possibly our brethren there are so disgruntled
that they exaggerate a little. But sooner
than petition for License in Ohio I think
I'd go the whole pig and sign for Prohibition.
If officials should get too plenty around cer-
tain apiaries that might be named, there
might be a little " Local Hoption."

Distances Between Out-Apiaribs.

Yes, out-apiaries as near together as the
pasture will allow, and out-apiaries as far
apart as the exigencies of travel will allow,
constitute two quite different ways of doing
the thing. Both have decided advantages of
their own. Pretty sure to catch a crop some-
where if you spread out far enough. A clever
and long electric railroad ought to be nice to
string the latter kind of out-apiaries on. Page
727.

A Tree Colony of Bees.

I have had a tree colony, too; but W. W.
McNeal's was a much more satisfactory one —
more normal. I think mine had the longer
career; but his would no doubt have held out
much longer than it did if he had let it alone.
As it was a whole month, from Aug. 1 to
Sept. 1, through several rain-storms, it is quite
a record. Page 72S.

Bees Stinging Dark Colors.

It's a favorite fad of mine that the talk of
bees stinging dark colors worse than light
colors is mainly imagination and — well, hum-
bug. Fairness seems to call for the notice of
McNeal's chicken experience. Apiary fenced
with netting and lots of little chickens of
divers colors turned in. He finds (says so,
anyway) that white chicks are seldom at-
tacked by bees, brown ones more frequently,
black ones often stung to death. Pretty
strong evidence, must say. Page 72S.

/T

X)octor XTlillcr 5 ^ucstion^^ox

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Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

=J

A Beginner's Questions

Last .Tune a nice swarm of bees settled on
the studding behind the granary, and we put
it into a cracker-box. Thi box is 19 inches
wide, 10 high, and 26 inches long. It is not
more than half or two thirds full. Do you
think they will winter all right if put in a
warm cellar ?

2. When there is so much empty room in
the box will they swarm next summer as early

as a colony that is in a common hive, or will
they not swarm at all?

S. Is there anything I can do to force them
to swarm? I would like to have them swarm
in June.

4. Do you think I should get a bee-book, or
is the American Bee Journal enough ? What
book is the best for a beginner?

Wisconsin.

Answers — 1. The size of the box will not
at all be against their favorable wintering in

the cellar. Try to have the cellar no warmer
than ,50 degrees, and no colder than 40 degrees.

2. You can tell nothing positively about it,
but they are likely to swarm later than if in
a smaller hive, and it is possible they may not
swarm at all.

3. Yes, you can diminish their amount of
room. Next spring, after they get to flying,
blow in a little smoke so they will not resent
your worliingwith them, and then saw off
the lower part of the box. Without seeing
it, it is hard to say just how much can be out
away, but you can see how far down the bees
come, and cut away all the comb they do not
occupy, and cut away the box to match. The
bees don't need a fourth of the room in a box
19x19x26, so when you've cut off the lower
part there will still be too much room— prob-
ably a vacant space at one or both ends. Pack
hay or straw into the vacant part, so it will
be quite solid.

4. You can't get along without a book. The
best books for beginners are " A B C of Bee
Culture," " Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee,"
and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Wintering Bees-Other Matters

1. I have your book, but as my surround-
ings are different from yours, I will try to ex-
plain as well as I can, then I would like to
have your judgment of the best course for me
to pursue.

1 live on what is called bottom land ; 10
rods from ray house on the east is a rise in the
ground of about 40 feet high; this is then the
level of the country. Then there is another
drop of 17 feet to what would be called a
third level. On the edge of this bank is my
cellar or cave, and (1 rods further is another
drop of 10 feet to a creek. My cave is 7 feet
deep, 10x12, covered with poles and 6 inches
of dirt, then a building over that, 14x25 feet.
East of that is the well, 14 feet deep, with
never more than 3 feet of water, nor less than
1'., feet, not more than 3 rods from the cave.
Tlie cave has one door which opens as yours
shown in Fig. 7 of your book. It is just wide
enough to slip a sugar-barrel through up and
down; no other air-holes or windows. With
the door shut it is as dark as it can be. It
has a gravel and sandy bottom sealed with
lumber, and seems to be as dry as any of the
cellars.

I had 3 colonies last winter that stood out
till in January. When the weather got so cold
(25 degrees below zero) I got scared and
took them in for about 2 months. One died
in the spring; about one third of their comb
was a dry, brown color. They had honey.
What was the matter with them? Would this
cave be a fit place for bees?

I have 17 colonies now in 8 and and 10
frame hives— the lOframe hives will average
54 pounds each, or, I think, 29 pounds of
honey; the 8-frame will average about 22
pounds of honey each— the lightest 14 pounds,
and from that to 27: the lO-frames '25 to 35
pounds of honey.

2. I have another plan for wintering. First,
lay a floor 10 inches above the ground; on this
put 4 inches of straw, sawdust, or forest
leaves, whichever is thought best. Place
half of the hives on that 3 or 4 inches apart,
then pack between them and build up all
around them, leaving a space of 4 inches in
front, 12 or 14 inches at the back and ends,
and pack it full of leaves, sawdust or straw.
Of course, I would put a block over the en-
trance so as to keep it open, but closing it up
until it is only "4x4 inches. Then proceed to
put the rest of the bees on top of the flrst
ones, and build up as before; fill in all
around them and over them, and put on a
good roof, with their backs to the north.
What say you of them for sife keeping until
spring?

3. Would you advise me to break the seals
now and fill the supers with leaves, and also
put leaves over them for cellar-wintering? Do
you think it would be an advantage in a damp
place?

4. I bought a colony from a neighbor who
made a box out of 1-inoh lumber. l)-a inches
larger than an 8-frame hive, and about as
deep as a Ik. -story hive. A super was put on
that, resting without edges on the inside
edges of the hive. The hive had no frames,

812

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 23 1905

cross-pieces, nor anything. The super was
filled with shallow extracting frames. The
bees built to the bottom of the super-frames
crosswise, and all other ways. They had
plenty of room below without the super, and
have it full ; it is honey— SO pounds or more.
If I should, next spring, after they get to
going good, take the lid oft the super, turn it
upside down with a super on another hive,
would it interfere with the queen laying in
the upper hive, comb upside down* X mean
to put excluders between the super and hive,
and have another colony below. My idea is
to have the top bees carry in honey in the top,
the lower ones carry in honey through below
till they put the top queen out of business. I
would keep a trap at the top entrance to
catch her when she comes out, so she won"t
take any bees off. I want that hive filled with
honey before I out into it. It is an experi-
ment.

5. To whom can I send a sample of honey
to find out if it is honey. I bought 60 pounds
of extracted at 7K cents a pound. It has a
funny flavor— something like some kinds of
cough syrup, and pretty poor stuff at that. A
half-witted fellow came and wanted a lick of
honey. I gave him a teaspoon and told him
to help himself to the can. He dug out a
teaspoonful and said, "That's fine." He
lapped it in his mouth and said, " Ah— m,
what's been in that can?" Would it cost me
anything to have it tested by some one, more
than the sending of the sample? If so, how
much? I wish to know for curiosity's sake.

Illinois.

Answers.— 1. Of course I can not say posi-
tively as to the character of your cave, but
from your description it would seem to be a
good place to winter bees, provided cellaring
is your best plan, it I am not mistaken, how-
ever, you are in a latitude of 40 degrees, and
as far south as that most bee-keepers prefer
to winter their bees outdoors. It is probable
that diarrhea was the trouble with the colony
that died.

2. That will probably work all right.
Leaves well packed are excellent, and it may
be better not to have so much packing in
front. Indeed, it is possible that none at all
In front will be better. Then when a warm
day comes the sun can get in its work on the
front of the hive and start the bees to flying
sooner than if packing were in the way.

3. For wintering in a cave, if there is abun-
dant ventilation below there is no need to do
anything but leave the corners sealed just as
they were on the summer stands. But in a
cave or cellar the entrance should be much
larger than outdoors. Mine are 12x3 inches.

i. A queen will lay all right in comb
turned upside down.

5. You can send it to Wm. A. Selser, 10
Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. You might write
him first and find out the expense, if any.

Reports anb
(Experiences

^

Barbed Wire for Bee-Fencing

I notice in the American Bee Journal, Nov.
2, barbed wire is mentioned as a fence to en-
close bee-yards, and it is claimed that it is
beneficial, as it does not retard the bees in
flight, and permits stock to keep the grass
eaten down in front of the hives. Further-
more, it is asked if any one could give any
light on the subject.

I will give you my experience of 5 years
with this arrangement. I have a number of
hives stationed in my yard next to the pas-
ture fence, some 18 inches from the fence.
The fence is a 3-wire one, and the bees fly un-
der the bottom wire and are not retarded at
all by the wire. The stock keeps all the grass
eaten down in front of the hives perfectly, yet
some varieties of weeds grow luxuriantly in
front of the hives. This grass-mowing by the
stock is all right, and always will be a success
just so long as the pasture is overstocked,
and the stock needs that over the fence for
food, otherwise that on the outside will be

sparingly used. It is a success with me since
my pasture is overstocked.

The disadvantage with me is that the stock
very often knocks off hive-covers, and occa-
sionally turns over a hive. This trouble can
be overcome largely by placing the hives a lit-
tle further from the fence, if not entirely ob-
literated.

Taking it as a whole, this arrangement is an
excellent one. To get the full benefit of this
kind of fencing it would be necessary to fence
the bees in a pasture, and have the hives in
two long rows next to the fence, and leave a
walk between the hives. It would be neces-
sary to overstock the pasture where the bees
were in order to get the stock to cultivate the
bees. T. P. Robinson.

Bartlett, Tex., Nov. 9.

Imppovements in Wax-Rendering

I notice what Mr Arthur C. Miller says on
page 776 about the wax-press, and I think he
has hit the nail squarely on the head. Any
contrivance that shall cut, and, perhaps grind
into small particles, the comb and slumgum,
thus allowing the hot witer to come into close
contact with the wax, thereby liberating it,
and enabling it by its less specific gravity to
rise to the surface of the water, would, it
seems to me, come nearer to perfection than
any other wax-press that I've known any
thing of.

Will not some inventive genius try his hand
at getting up something of the kind, and be
among those who make two blades of grass
grow where formerly but one grew? I am
too old, or I'd try it myself.

Lake Geneva, Wis. Wm. M. Whitney.

No Honey-Fiow Tliis Year

Bees have scarcely stored enough honey
this year to last them until next season.
There was no flow this year.

Rot a, Boutwell.

Blencoe, Iowa, Nov. 4,

Honey Crop a Failure

The honey crop was a failure this year in
this part of the State. I have 9 colonies of
bees, and got no honey the past season.

Joel Dauqhtret.

South Greenfield, Mo., Nov. 6.

A Discouraging Report

The honey season here has been almost
worse than a total failure, and very poor last
year, having to feed the bees for winter. The
prospect is fair to feed some bees this fall for
winter. I think, besides, a good many bees
in this part of the country starved to death
the latter part of summer. I think that bees
here generally will go into winter quarters
in fair shape, so that I think the prospects
are fair for a crop of honey next spring, which
will surely be a boon to bee-keepers.

Beeville, Tex., Nov. 7. W. C. Nutt.

Report of An Astonishingly Good
"Crop"

Deak Editor : — From time to time I have
read in your paper, but not always with that
intense interest that perhaps I should have
had, the reports from various bee-keepers
about their crops for 1905. I note that some
reports are good, some fair, and others very
bad — the goodness, badness or fairness de-
pending upon the amount of honey and the
price per pound.

I want to submit the report of my crop for
1905, which so far as I have read excels all
others.

I have 29 colonies, all in good condition,
and nearly all in active work under direct
observation. I have spent, this season, about
half my time in giving the bees the best care,
and have used 300 pounds of sugar. I have
harvested 9 sections of honey, a lot of odds
and ends showing the work of the bees, 29
" tons '' of happiness, and 325 stings.

I have learned much that I never knew be-
fore about these wonderful little creatures —
and I close the season with the apiary stocked

full of plane, and myself full of ambition to
get more happiness and more stings next
year, to say nothing of information.

Yet there are old fogies who will tell you
that it doesn't " pay " to keep bees \

Edward F. Bigelow.

Stamford, Conn.

[There, Prof. Bigelow has thrown down the
gauntlet; is any one ready to take it up? —
Editor. I

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National Convention, Dec. 19, 20, 21.

— Another slight postponement of the Na-
tional convention seems to be unavoidable.
The Fat Stock Show, upon which we have
depended for reduced rates on the railroads,
has been postponed two weeks. The reason
given is " the inability of the builders of the
amphitheater to secure structural steel for
the same," and they don't wish to hold the
show out-of-doors, hence the delay. Of course
there will be no excursion rates during the
first week in December, and, as it would be
suicidal to attempt to hold a convention with-
out excursion rates, the Executive Committee
has decided to postpone the convention two
weeks in order to take advantage of the Fat
Stock Show rates. The dates for the conven-
tion will now be Dec. 19, 20 and 21, 1905.

The place of meeting has also been changed
to Brunt Hall, in the Bush Temple of
Music, corner of North Clark Street and
Chicago Avenue (entrance on Clark Street.)
This was done because it was feared that the
accommodations at the Revere House might
prove too limited. The Chicago bee-keepers,
with their customary enterprise and liberality,
will pay for the use of the Hall. It is only
5 minutes walk north from the Revere House,
Southeast corner N. Clark and Michigan Sts.,
which will be headquarters for the members.
This new place of meeting is in a new build-
ing where everything is modern. There are
adjoining committee rooms, toilet rooms,
good drinking water, and elevator service
both day and night.

W. Z. Hdtchinsok, Sec.

The Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold a social session at
the Revere House, Dec. 19, 1905, at 10 a m. At
2 p.m. the same day will be held the regular
annual election of officers. Any other busi-
ness coming before the meeting will be at-
tended to. All who are accustomed to pay-
ing their dues to our Association, thereby
getting two memberships for the price of one,
will please hand the $1 to the secretary, or
mail it to him as usual. The time in the
evening will be given to the National, as will
also the whole of the two following days.
Every one isi'cordially invited to be present,
both at the short sessions of the Chicago-
Northwestern, and at the "-session meeting of
the National Association.

Herman F. Moore, Sec.

Park Ridge, 111.

N. B. — Any one paying their dues to the
National Association ih'rect, will have to pay
another dollar to the Chicago-Northwestern,
if it is desired to become a member of the
latter organization also. Hand your dues to
H. F. Moore, the Secretary. H. F. M.

f:

TELEPHONE FACTS

Wo pulilMi ;i linely Illustrated book that is
full of telephone facts. It tells all about
telephones for farms, the kind to use,
how to or^:anizo a farm telephone company, how
to build the lines and wliere to buy the best
telephones. Free if you ask tor Book 8U-F.

Slromlierg-Carisnn Tel. Mtg. Co., Chicago, Rochistir.W.T.

" It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

Nov. 2". 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

813

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives. Sectione, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal vrben irrltingr.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
Btructible, and glvlag entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foandatiott made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

4SA.tf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

^^J.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.
Mention Bee Journal Trhen vrrltlng.

THIS IS
THE LOCK

corner that we have told
you about, and as you will
see it can't warp nor split
oB as it passes by and nails
firm to the side. Prices right
— quality right — workman-
ship right.

Our discount discounts everything. Postal
gets a circular.

THe Wood B66-fliv6 & Box 60.

39Dtf

LANSING, MICH.

Please mentioa the Bee Journal.

THIS
LIGHTNING

Lice Killing Machinii

kills ftUUae»ndmiteB. >olDjurjtobirdBorfeftth-

em, Haodles any fowl, smallest chick to livrKCst
gobbler. Made in three siiefl. Pays for Itself firsi
season. Also Lightning Lic« Killing Pbwdtsr,
Poultry Bite, Lico J/u rder. etc. We secure special
L.w express rates. Catalo«flciHfree, Wrlleforlt

CHARLES SCllILD CO.
I{ Ft unkt'ort H>t. CleTeland* OUO

American Bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-knife
Gold Fountain Pen

All
for

$2.75

Worker

Queen

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and addiess you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Blaterial entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife?— In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knife. — We send it postpaid for
?1.2o, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

Drone

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally, we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with

directions and Filler. ;; size

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

IfW" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free ; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
for 20c ; regular yearly price, $1 .00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

ESTABLISHE&
1831

THE

COUNTRY

GENTLEMAN

The ONLY Agricultural NEWSpaper,

AND ADMITTEDLY THE

Leading Agricillnral Mm\ of llie Worn

Every department written by specialists, the
hi;^hest authorities i n their respective lines.

No other paper pretends to compare with it
in qualifications of editorial stafT.

Gives the agrlcultura.1 NSWS with a degree
of completeness not even attempted by others.

INDISPENSABEif: TO

ALL COUNTRY RESIDENTS

WHO WISH TO
KEEP UP WITH THE TimES.

Single Subscription, $1.50;

Two Sabscriptions, $3.60 ;

Five Subscriptions^ $5.60.

SPECIAL INDUCEinENTS to RAIS-
ERS OF LARGER CLUBS.

Four Months' Trial Trip 50 cents,
SPECIMEN COPIES

will be mailed free on request. It will pay any-
body interested in any way in country life to
fiend for theni. Address the publishers ;

LUTHER TUCKER & SON,

6p Sj^OiC IS o^ 9 mojj !)BB^ pny
5 ino 00 aaAO^ i

PiU'ilISIS, 'Hi, 'Vi &, 1»0S

Otisville. Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything In
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style Is
good enouffh for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.
Mention Bee Journal when writing,

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live antl thrive.
You can't have healthy, prorttabla
fowls or Btock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all Inject vermin and
makes aittlnir hens comfortable.
Sample lOc; 100 oz.. 11.00 by express,

o. K. stock: fooi> co.,

D. J. Lambert. Vioe-Pres.
406 MoBOB Bids.. Chicago, IIL

814

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 23, 190S

Best Goods in the World

Best Bee-Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, and everything the bee-lseeper needs. Now
is the time to buy for next season's use. I^ewis' Ooods at faclory prices. Cat-
alog free. Cash orders at catalog prices on such goods as mentioned in special list.

Before November 9 percent discount

" December 8 " "

" January

Before February 6 percent discount

" March 5 " "

" April 3

Ask for special list now, free.

Honey-Packages for Marketing Honey

Such as Shipping-Cases, Tin Cans, Buckets. Ola^s Jars tvitli patent spring
sealers and {t'^** stoppers: regular Glass Fruit-Jars, etc. Sample cases for send-
ing samples of extracted honey by mail. Special prices on Glass Honey-Jars and Tin Buckets.

New Crop Extracted Honey

We have an abundance of the finest honey in the world. Can ship in cans and barrels. If
you can't supply the demand in your locality write to us at once and tell us how much you
can use; 10 cents for sample by mail, but we return the 10 cents with your first order.

Paint for Houses, Barns and Roofs

We can furnish any quantity of any grade of paint on short notice. Special prices on ab-
solutely pure paint. Let us quote on paint for your bouse.

Write to-day and tell us what you want in our line, and how much. Uest service,
lo-\vest Ireiglit rates, satistaclion to all.

CBjl O/^^^^T" O f^i^ 1004 East Wash. Street
. IVI. OwV^ I I OC Ow. INDIANAPOLIS. iND. •^•^ •^•^ •^4•

Mention Bee Journal wben writing.

IA-80 F^f
<C 200 Ego
•INCUBATOR

Perfect in ■■oostrQction inffl
^tion. ftatchea every hn\l*
egg. Write for catalog to-da?

QEO. H SI AML. OuiCtLtj

4«A26t

Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

For Thanksgiving Day

the Nickel Plate Road will sell tickets,
within distance of 150 miles, Nov. 29
and 30, at rate of a fare and a third for
the round-trip. Return limit Dec. 4.
Three through trains daily to Ft.
Wayne, Cleveland, Erie, Buffalo, New
York, Boston and New England points.
No excess fare charged on any train
on the Nickel Plate Road. Standard
equipment on all trains. Meals served
in Nickel Plate dining-cars, on Ameri-
can Club Meal plan, ranging in price
from 35 cents to $1.00; also service a
la carte and Mid-day Luncheon SO
cents. Chicago depot, Ea Salle and
Van Buren Streets, on the Elevated
Loop. Telephones, Central 2057 and
6172 36-46A2t

Glass Jars for Hooey

We can ship by return freight at the
following prices:

i.;-lb. Tip-Top .fars— case of 24 doz., $8.00 ;
3 cases, $33.00.

%-Vo. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5 25; 3 cases for $15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

Hand.* Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any;
good as new. If interested write for price.

50 boxes good 2nd-hand 5-gal. Tin Cans, 2
in a box — 10 boxes for $4 00.

When sending for sample jars include 15
cents each to cover postage, etc.

YORK HONEY Vu^pBfyE CO.

(Not iacorporatf d)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices oa Sections, Hives,
Fonadation, etc.» as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.

Brll Branch Wavnb Co., Mich
Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrlting*

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

u IE* — DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES — ^

(l ff^ We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog. f\

^ THE HARSHFIELD riANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis. j^

8 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during November. Send for our Catalog.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

111^ HONET-JARS

The No. 25 Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tipbt, holdingOne Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each;

I gross lots $4,50 per gross

5 •' " 4.U0 "

Also in strong RE-SH I PPINQ CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 " 95

10 " -90 "

EiRht-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 85c

10 " " " 80c

20 " " " 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Hee Jonrnal.

For Sale-2 5,000 Lbs. rained

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound for the lot, or 6)^c

for lees, F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Until further h^ikc, fiue-t quality new crop
California Water White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam
pies, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH &, SEGELKEN

265 Si. 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y

34Atf Please meniion the Bee Journal.

New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would i)ay those having It in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est ppot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and styleof package; when you can ship»
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

aRIQGS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
4lAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Big Discounts
on Bee=Supplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1.... 4 "

Jan. 1 7 " I Aprill 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

•-PURE ALFALFA^

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS
We have a good supply of Pure Alfalfa

HO^EV in 60-pouod cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 3 cans,
boxed, at S>.2 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans at
one time, S cents a pound— all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.

YORK HONIyI^u^pp^l^v^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention Bee Journal when nrltlng;.

Nov. 23 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

815

Lowest Prices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 "

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 6 "

" March 1 4 "

" April 1 2 "

Bee= Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly,
50c a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.
Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlng^.

i)oncy anb

Chicago, Oct. 5.— The demand for comb
hoaej is about as usual lor the season of year.
Offerings irom the surrounding States are fully
equal to ine past season, but that from Colorado
and the Middle Western States are not. No. 1
to fancy white comb honey sells at 13@14c,
with an occasional sale at 15c; the off grades
embracing crooked combs, etc., sell at ll(^12c;
amber grades diflScalt to place at 9^'lOc. Hx-
tracted, white, 6(&7c, according to kind, body
and flavor and package; ambers 5H@6J4 cents.
Beeswax selling upon arrival at 30c if clean;
off grades about 2c per pound less,

R. A. BuRNBTT A Co.

Kansas City, Oct. •*.— The honey market
here at present is very strong ai $3,25 per case
for No 1 and fancy white comb in 24-section
cases; amber and other grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at b%c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clbmons a Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 6.— Reports from differex
parts of the country give evidence of an almost
total failure in the comb honey crop, excepting
the points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb honey at from l-l'i^lo cents per
pound, by the case. The demand for extracted
honey is about equal to the receipts, which are
good. We continne to sell amber in barrels at
5K@6c; white clover at b%(q;'l%c. For beeswax
we are paying 30c per pound, cash, delivered
here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, w ho mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

The Frkd W. Mdth Co.

Toledo, Oct. 17— The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the sameas
last quotationa. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6J4@6Mc;
amber, in barrels, 5@5^c; in cans, Ic to l^c
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

Philadelphia, Nov. 7. — The demand has
been very good for honey in the past 10 days.
Ia:^fact, it takes a little sharp, cool weather to
get the people started, and after they start, the

Headquarters m Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NO^W G-OES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

8 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

WL ^NOVEMBER ^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
aad other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER""

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

demand continues for some months. I would
say that now is the height of the consumption
of the honey season. vVe quote, in a iobbing
way: Fancy comb, I5(3''l7c; No. 1, 13@lSc; am-
ber, 12@13c. Extracted, fancy white, 7@8c;
amber, 6^c. Beeswax firm at 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selskr.

.New York, Oct. 20.— Comb honey is now ar-
""Wing very freely and the demand is good for
nearly all grades. We quote fancy white at
13wl4c; No. l,ll@12c; amber, 10@llc, and buck-
wheat, 10c. Extracted in good demand. Arri-
vals of Calitornia are la ge while from other
sources receipts are very light. We quote Cal-
ifornia at from 5^(S>7c per pound, according to
quality and quaDii|y; Southern in barrels and
half-barrels, at 55w60c per gallon. Beeswax
firm and scarce at 29@30c.

UlLDRBTH & SeOBLKEN

Cincinnati, O., Oct. 24. — The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the price high. "We quote fancy
water- white comb honey No. 1 white clo''er
from 14@l6c; No. 2 from UH'S'Mc. Extracted
seems to be more plentiful. In barrels, light
amber, SKfS'Sh'C; in cans, He more. White
clover from 7fa'8c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C. H. W. Weber.

Albany, N.Y.. Nov. 8.— Our honey market is
in healthy condition; demand good; receipts
about equal to demand. Prices are not quite as
high as last year, but the tendency has been to
work off the hooey before cold weather, and we
think the crop has come forward more than
usual this season, which is a good sign. We
quote: Fanc> white clover, 15c; A No. I, 14c;

No. 1, 13c; buckwheat, fancy, 13c; A No. l,12cJ
No, 1, ll@nc; straight buckwneat is wanted in
this market. Extracted, quiet: white, 7^c;
mixed, 6!^c; buckwheat, 6!^c. Beeswax scarce

at 30c. U. R. WRtGHT.

iNriANAPOLis, Nov. 7.— There is a tendency
for higher prices on best grades of honey. The
demand for strictly fancy white comb honey
exceeds the supply. Demand for lower grades
of comb honey not good. Numerous shipments
of honey arriving, but no one producer spems to
have very great quantities to offer. I quote
fancy white at 15@l6c; No. I in poor demand at
12c, and amber dull atlOc. Best grade extracted
brings 8@9c in 60-lb. cans; amber slow at 5c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. Walter S. Pouder.

Denver, Nov. 11. — No. 1 white comb honey,
per case of 24 sections, $3.35; No. 1 light amber,
$3,03; No. 2. $2 503'3.0O. Extracted honey. t}i
@7 cts. per pound. Supply is light and we
could make quick sales of consignments at
above figures. We pay 24c for clean, yellow
beeswax delivered here.

The Colo. Honey*Producers' Assn.

San Francisco, Nov. S.— White comb. 1-Ib,
sections, 8(S'> cents; amber, 6^. 7c. Extracted,
water-white, 43^@5c; white, 4^i@43:ic; light am-
ber. 3^@4 cents; amber, 3@3i4c; dark amber,
2J4@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 25@2()C.

The honey situation remains unchanged since
the last report. There is a good deal offering,
but no business can be done at shipntug-points
at 4'-jc for water-white, this being the figure
that is generally asked by apiarists. Dealers
say that this price will have to be shaded at
least M cent in order to induce anv speculation.
White comb honey is being firmly held at 9c
choice basis,

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8c

TWO OR MOF?E CRATES) 7% '
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. CINCINNATI. CASH WITH ORDER. SAMPLES 1 Ock
TO PAY POSTAGE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SENDFORCATALOGOFBEE SUPPLIES WITH SPECIAL DISCOUNT.

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey— Fancy white, Te; fancy
amber, 6%c \ V 'ess in S-case lots or more.
C. C. CLEMONS & CO.
45Atf KANSAS CITY, MO.

riONEY AND bbb^WAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. Ill,

846 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Nov. 23, 1905

Watch this Space During the Convention

Are You Going to the National Bee-Keepers'

Convention at Chicago Dee. 19, 20, 21 ?

If so, be sure to make your headquarters

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ing Convention and city. Respectfully,

G. B. LEWIS CO.

"It Pays "to be the "Early Bird"

8 PEECENT

-FOK,-

CASH ORDEKS THIS MONTH

Send in your order for Bee-Supplies now. Time is flying and early-order discounts are fast diminishing. By placing your order with
us at this time you are not only realizing good interest on the money invested, but you will have your goods on hand all ready for use when
needed. Now is the time to nail up your hives, put together seciione, and get other goods in readiness for spring.

The following early-order discounts are allowed on all orders tor Bee-Supplies accompanied by the cash.

7 percent during December 4 percent during February

6 " " January 2 " " March

Q. B. LEWIS CO. ^"iiir Watertown,Wis.

TJ. S. A..

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19-21

Bee Journal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., NOVEMBER 30, 1905

No. 48

jggjea»;'K<s"i»'^ap,-rt'g!e";{r^.^^;

WEEKLY

k^^

THANKSGIVING

BY THOMAS C. HARBAUGH

In the twilight of November

With its foliage of gold
Comes again the glad Thanksgiving

With its customs dear and old ;
And beneath the starry banner,

As it floats from sea to sea.
We a happy Nation gather —

Fears at rest, for all are free.

Not a hand in all this Nation,

In the East and in the West,
Bars the mansion or the hovel

To the kind Thanksgiving guest;
From the balmy groves of Southland

To the nodding pines of Maine
Nature, tilled with joy and gladness.

Spreads the yearly feast again.

We are thankful for the blessings

That have crowned our cherished land-
Fruitful orchards, golden harvests,

PSace and love from strand to strand ;
'Neath November's robes of beauty

Hidden lies the warrior's sword,
And the olive branch is hanging

O'er Columbia's festal board.

Aye, from mountain unto mountain
'Neath the Union's azure dome.

To the feast we spread this Autumn
Bid the aljsent " Welcome home !"

'Round the board where all are merry

iO

Let the rarest sunlight play ;
With the love-key of Thanksgiving
Open every heart to-day.

Thus let hoary age and childhood

Join their hands with happy glee.
In the homes beside the wildwood

And the mansions by the sea;
For our Union naught can sever —

'Tie defended by the brave ;
Then let us greet forever

This fair land our fathers gave.

Spread the table with His bounties —

Let there be a feast of song;
Let the voices of the household

Fair Thanksgiving Day prolong;
All are welcome to the pleasures

That it brings to every farm.
And today let hearts be beating

With impulses glad and warm.

Hail the hallowed Thanksgiving

That the Pilgrim Fathers gave !
'Tis their legacy forever

On the land and on the wave;
Then, as Freedom's chosen people.

We our destiny f ulflll—
Let the future's sweet Thanksgivings

Find us grander, greater still.

— Sttccessful Fanning,

818

THE AiVtERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 30, 1905

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE STIBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
fl.OO a year. In the United States, Canada, an<i
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. M
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPER-LABBI. DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispai'i.
Forinstance, "dec05"on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Btcember.

StTBSCRTPTION RECEIPTS— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will he given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

l9t.— To promote the interests of Its members.

2d.— To protect and delend its members in their
lawful riirhts. ^ ^ ,

3d.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration oi
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance. Platteville, Wis.

fW If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
QabllBtaers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tlie Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper mav become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $l.CK* for each
20 (or fraction of 2i 1 1 colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any hooey-dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $I0, increased by one-
flfth of onedJ percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-lieepinK.

George W. Vork, Manager,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ill.

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives. Sections, Sliipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35AlSt SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal n'ben vrrltlng.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and g-iving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50 — cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45A.tf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

B'"J.G.Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he ''prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it." — A. G.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

.>tw.

-WAir. ,^%k. .a'Air. .n'Air. .«Air. .aijr. .»ftjr. .»li'. VAi*. Mtj*. .*ts- .«#'' .*A]'. .•#■>■ :*%<•. .a#>f. .Wiir, >Ai'. >#'. >A>r. .*Ai«. .viir. ,m%it. aftir. a4ir, .Wiir M^l,

Tfr^T^^ '.^^ '4^ '^•.» -'4^ '^t.* '^,'» '^^ '^t,* 'it^ '^^ '4^ '^f? rl.* ■'i$^- -'.#nf !*■ ■'.$?■ -^.■»- "4^ 'flfT -<♦.•• -^•H? -^f?

* If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder " ^

BEE-SyPPLIES|

Root's Goods aiRooi's Prices i

Everything' used by BeeKeepers.
POUUER'S HONEY-JARS.

Low Freight Rates.

..-(w,
^

Protnpt Service.
Catalog Free.

If you wish to. purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my
free monthly price-list of honey.

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE. and avail
yourself of the following very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

For cash orders before Dec. 1 -S percent I For cash orders before Feb. 1 - .6 percent

For cash orders before Jan. 1.7 percent | For cash orders before Mar. 1 . .4 percent

For cash orders befoi e Apr. 1 . . 2 percent

WALTER S. POUDER,

^«t Il/ILILIV Ot 1 v/UL/LlV, 0

i»i 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. i&

•".»v ••«?

Mention Bee Journal n'hen vrrltlng.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^ BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Beeville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER,

Augusta, Wis.

Money Saved is Money Made

Bee-Supplies bought NOW are subject to a generous discount from our regular low
prices. We do this to keep our factory bus.v. Send us a list of what you need and we
will make you a price b.y return mail that will convince you.

If you want a catalog that is more than a price-list — that contains valuable infor-
mation on bee-keeping — you must hurry to have your name placed on our mailing-list.
Only a limited number will be printed. It's free, of course.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

When attending the National Bee-Keepers'
Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19, 20, 21

COMK AND INSPECT

I.ETVIS' BEE-TV ARE

AND MAKE VOUR HEADQUARTERS AT

YORK HONEY %Tpp^^^ CO. (fnc )

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Long Distance Telephone— North 1559
Catalog' and prices on Honey on application.

If you want

H. M. ARND, Ciood Goods at Factory Prices and Prompt Ship-

Mgr. ment, send your orders, or call on us.

BEBSWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c: when taking- Bee-Supplies in exchange— delivered here.
7 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN DECEMBER.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal l^lmm

Nov. 30, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

819

###i>«^»4##-A4)-4'4'M#4'i)-A-(i-#i)"###(i)''(i''^^

u

DADANT'S FOUIiDATION" |

AND ,%,

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. 5-lbs. 10-lbs. 251bs.

50 lbs.

...AS
...50
...55
...58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

" October 9 "

Medium Brood 55 53 51 49

** November 8 *'

Light Brood 57 55 S3 51. . .

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56. . .

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63 61 59. . .

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111. *

'^•^•■(f"(f«(p-(f"^"(|)''(f"(|)"(|)"f)''(Pf(f"f)'^^^^

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

*^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

S

SUDDI16S ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest

variety of everything needed in the ^•

Apiary, assuring best goods at lowest £;

'.^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free lUus- ^|

i^ trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^^

;^ Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language. ^.

< KRETCHMfcR MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa. ^:

^ AGENCIES ^i

jS Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. i Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas, ^i

*^ Shugart& Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | L H. Myers, Laraar, Colo. ^*

•• Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., Sao Antonio, Tex. S^

Mention Bee Journal ^rlien ^rritiug.

Get Kew Soliscrlbers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more
^ completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

I Bee-Reepers' |
I Early Disconnts

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the foUowing discounts :

Before October 1. .

" November 1

" December 1

'' January 1..

" February 1.

" March 1. . . .

" April 1

deduct 10 percent
9 '■
8 "
7 "

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest Can take Honey and Beeswax
in e.'ccban^e for Supplies if you desire.
Send for tree illustrated Catalotr. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiHJIDO, - OHIO.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

820

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 30, 190S

SPECIAL ISSUE of Gleanings in Bee Culture, Dec. 15, 1905

®®

—^.(SMM

1 9 O 5

0'

our half-tones for this issue. Id
this preliminary announcement
we are unable to specify defi-
nitely the subjects that will be
given, but those who are at all
familiar with Gleanings for the
past year will know that a treat
in illustrations is in store for
them. We can definitely an-
nounce now that some of the
prize photographs in our second
photographic contest, American
and Foreign, will appear in this
issue. Our engravings are made
by the very finest engravers in
the United States, insuring first-
class work in every case.

Writers

For this issue we shall have
our regular contributors, such
as Dr. C. Q. Miller, G. M. Doo-
little. Prof. A. J. Cook, J. A.
Green, and Louis Scholl, besides
special contributed articles, es-
pecially for the number, by
E. W. Alexander, Dr. E. F.
Phillip?, of Washington, D. C,
and others.

Other Features

Not only shall we make the
magazine a thing of beauty and
special value in its reading-col-
umns, but special attention will
be given to making it of value
as a reference-book — a sort of
year-book for bee-keepers — so
that it will be kept for frequent
reference throughout the fol-
lowing year. We expect to
have all of the reliable adver-
tisers represented in its col-
umns, such as the breeders of
n bees, dealers in general supplies, dealers in special articles for bee-keepers. It will be valu-
to the subscriber, and no bee-lseeper in the country can afford to miss this issue; neither can
opportunity of being represented in its columns.

Subscription Rates

We are making a short-time offer— a special trial trip of 6 months for 25 cents, which will include this Dec. 15th issue.
This one number alone should be worth 25 cents to any bee-keeper. We can not promise to hold this offer open indefinitely,
for our cover pages will necessarily have to go to press considerably in advance of the day of publication ; and after the num-
ber contracted for are sold, we shall not be able to supply additional copies. It is impcjrtant, therefore, that your subscription
be received promptly.

WANTED-25 YOUNG MEN

There is now, and has been for years, a greater demand for experienced bee-help than there are men ready for these
places. Each winter and spring we are obliged to disappoint many large apiarists by telling them we do not know where suit-
able help can be found. The demand is already begining for the season of 1906.

We have found that many who take our course in bee-culture by correspondence prefer to go into business for them-
selves, 60 we still need active young men who have a fair knowledge of the subject — men whom we know something about —
who can be recommended for the places frequently offered. We have, therefore, determined to-day to offer a limited course in

BEE-KEEPING BY MAIL

We shall desiginate this as Course No. 2. The lessons are identical with the lessons in Course No. 1. The time, how-
ever, is limited to one year from enrollment. The course may be easily completed in 3 to 4 months. The following is the

We are pleased to announce
that extensive plans are under
way for a magnificent Christ-
mas issue of Gleanings in Bee
Culture, ready for mailing Dec.
loth. It is planned that this is-
sue shall by far exceed in its
wealth of contributed articles,
its half-tone illustrations, and
its cover design, anything here-
tofore attempted in bee-keep-
ing literature. It will consist
of at least 100 pages, and should
be kept by every bee-keeper.

Cover

The cover is printed in three
colors by one of the best color-
printing establishments in the
United States. We were not
satisfied to attempt this our-
selves, and have gone to great
expense for the printing of this
cover. The design is something
unique, and very pleasing in-
deed. It shows the red clover
in its natural colors in all its
beauty, and, altogether, will
make a bee-keeper's magazine
that will compare favorably
with any of the literary maga-
zines of the present day.

Half-Toue Illustra-
tions

During the past summer we
have had a special artist who
has been sent to various points
especially to take photographs
for us. He has traveled on our
account alone the past summer
over 4000 miles, and we can
promise something very fine iu
various races of queens, dealers i
able alike to the advertiser and
any advertiser afford to miss the

OtJTrjIlTE] OF COXJK,SH!

1. Defiaitionsof Terms

2. lamates of the Hive

3. Comb

4. HandliDg Bees

5. Transferring

6. Building' Up Colonies

7. The Honey-Flow

8. Swarming

Enemies of Bees
Establishing an Apiary
Queen Rearing
General Examination

9. Rendering Normal

10. Preparing for Winter

11. Wintering

12. Spring Management

13. Bee-Diseases — Symptoms

TER-lklS OF COtJK,SH! S-FULL-CASH PAYMENT

Complete course as ontlined, lessons, personal answers to all questions, including the A B C of Bee-Culture (500-page book,)
and Gleanings in Bee Culture, (semi monthly,) for one year, JS.uO.

With ether the A B C or Gleanings omitted in case you have one, $4 00.

With both omittf d in case you have both, $3.0J.

If a full colony of Italian bees with tested queen ii wanted, in either Dovetailed or Danzenbaker hive, we will, for $10.C0 extra,
deliver one colony at your express station, at any point in U.S. east of the Mississippi River, or make equal allowance to other
pnints

UST CUT HERE ^ft

The Root Correspondence School of Bee Culture, Medina, Ohio.

.190.

Enclosed find inpayment of one course of instruction (No. 2) in the Root Correspondence School of

Bee Culture.

Name P.O State

County or Street Express Office

Please answer the following : Have you a colony of bees? Have you an ABC of Bee Culture of 1903

or 190.5, which ? Have you already subscriited for Gleanings this year?

(i),

®«

(Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Published IVeekly at Sl.OO a Tear by George ^V. Tork & Co., 334 Uearborn St.

QBORae W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, NOVEMBER 30, 1905

VoL XLV— No, 48

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(Sbttortal Hotcs ^ Comments

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The Minnesota Convention

This convention will be held Dec. 6 and 7,
1905, in the First Unitarian Church in St.
Paul. It was announced that there would
be no meeting of the Minnesota State Associa-
tion this year on account of the National con-
vention announced for the same time in Chi-
cago, but now that the National is to be held
Dec. 19, 30 and 21, it has been decided to hold
the Minnesota convention Dec. 6 and 7.

False Conclusion from True Premises

The following clipping from the St. Louie
Republic, of Oct. 26, has been sent to this
ofiice:

Making of Honey.

The bees make the quality of their honey
according to the kind of food or flowers from
which it is procured. Eminent authorities on
bee-culture state that when bees are fed
scorched honey the honey in the combs did
not suffer therefrom. The same results oc-
curred when granulated honey was fed to the
bees. Honey can therefore be adulterated in
the combs. Glucose, when fed to bees, is
deposited in the combs as glucose, and it has
long been known that certain flowers produce
honey of a superior quality to that derived
from others.

There must be something out of whack in
the reasoning machinery of the one who
wrote that item. Three things are stated as
facts :

1. The quality of honey varies according to
its source. Sure.

2. Scorched honey fed to bees will be
scorched honey in the combs. Very likely.

3. Granulated honey fed to bees will be
deposited as granulated honey in the comDs.
No proof of that; but for the sake of the
argument admit its truth and proceed to the
therefore. Therefure honey can be adulterated
in the combs. O lame and impotent conclu-
sion !

In each of the three cases mentioned, there
is apparently no thought that anything but
honey is put into the combs, whether it be
from one flow or another, scorched or granu-
lated ; where, then, is there any adulteration *

Then as a sort of corollary the statement is

made that glucose fed is glucose in the comb;
and to give greater weight there is coupled
with it the well-known fact that one flower
may give a better quality of honey than
another.

There is something a little off from the
usual slander, that comb honey may be found
on the market with never the touch of a bee
upon it — entirely artificial — but it is hardly
likely the editor of the Republic would have
admitted the item it he had stopped to con-
sider the impression likely to be made upon
the mind of any uninformed reader who reads
the item with its significant heading. It will
be something like this : " Honey found on the
market in the shape of pretty white combs is
likely to be made honey, and nothing but glu-
close."

If the Republic should try feeding glucose
to bees, it might And what others have found,
that it would have a hard job to get the bees
to accept the stuff, no matter what it might
be in the comb if they should accept it.

The Republic has shown a disposition in the
past to be fair to the bees; will it not do the
fair thing now by saying that when honey is
found in the comb it is the genuine product
of the bees?

Ants and Bees

The British Bee .Journal says : " Ants are
so often troublesome to bee-keepers by enter-
ing hives and carrying off the bees' stores, that
in all good text-books the ant is classed among
the 'enemies of bees.'" There are ants and
ants. In the North, in this country, the ant
can hardly be classed as an enemy of the bee,
although annoying to the bee-keeper by
crawling over his hands and arms. They
seem to make their nests about hives rather
for the sake of the heat furnished by the bees,
and, as stated in Root's " A B C of Bee Cul-
ture," " A (juod colony of bees is never in
danger of being troubled in the least by ants."

There is, however, a large ant in the North,
and probably as well in the South, which,
although it may not trouble the bees, is espe-

cially dangerous to those who have out-api-
aries and frequently haul bees. It burrows
into the wood of hive-floors, honey-combing
them in such a way that a very little will
knock a hole through, causing bad accidents
in hauling.

In the South, however, there are ants which
destroy queens, and in South America they
destroy whole colonies of bees.

Experiments of tlie Past Season

Doubtless many of our readers conducted
apiarian experiments of various kinds during
the past season, and are now ready to report
on them for the benefit of others. We would
be pleased to give them a place in these col-
umns, or at least as many of them as we may
have room for.

Also, we would like to have honey-crop re-
ports and interesting experience with any-
thing relating to bees, honey and beeswax.

As ye have been benefited by the writings
of others, so ought ye to write for their bene-
fit. How about it?

iVIalcing Nominations for the National

A letter has been received from W. Z-
Hutchinson, editor of the Bee- Keepers' Re-
view, replying to the editorial on page 773.
As it will be no betrayal of confidence, and
especially as it is desirable that both sides be
fully presented, the letter is here given :

Deak Brother York: — Allow me to thank
you for the very fair and gentlemanly review
of my criticisms regarding the publication of
the names of the nominees for oflioe in the
National. If all would criticise in the spirit
displayed in those remarks of yovu's, discus-
sion would always be a pleasure.

Still further, let me explain that I had no
intention of blaming Bro. France, in the sense
in which that word is usually employed, for
publishing the whole list of those who had
received votes. It is true that the instructions
of the Directors do not say that he must not
publish them— it simply says that the two per-
sons receiving the greatest number of votes
shall be the candidates, and that their names
shall be published in the bee-journals, and the
inference would be that those would be the
only names published.

Still further, the rules do not say that the
General Manager shall uot tell who received
the greatest number of votes, but the infer-
ence is that he would not. The rules tell
what shall be done. Bro. France has done

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THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 30, 1905

what he was instructed to do, and then has
done still more, and my contention is that
this additivnal " doing" nullifies the object
of the nominations.

I was one of the Directors at the time when
these rules regarding nominations were passed,
and I can truthfully say that there was no
idea or intention of so arranging things as to
" keep them in the dark." Personally, I
would have no objection to the publication
of all of the names that received any votes,
also the giving of the number of votes that
each man received, and 1 think that all of the
Directors are like-minded — probably the same
might be said of all of the members. But here
is the point — the one that the Directors had
in mind when those rules were framed, viz. ;
that there might come a time when some un-
desirable man would be elected to some im-
portant ofBce. This man might think, him-
self, that he was doing his work well, but it
would be apparent to every one else that he
was not. We could not go to him and tell
him that he was not a fit man for the office;
that would be too cruel. The proper thing
to do would be to elect some other man in his
place; but, without nominations how could
it be done? The opposition votes would be
scattered among a dozen or more candidates.
It was for this reason, and this only, that the
number of candidates was limited to two.
The man in office is almost sure to be one of
these candidates, and, if there is only one
opposing candidate who will receive all votes
not cast for the man already in office, there
will then be some hope of some time electing
a new man to office.

I agree most fully with Bro. York, that
when the members of an association are gath-
ered together in convention, and an informal
ballot is taken, that it is customary to an-
nounce all of the names of those who have re-
ceived votes, also to state the number of votes
that each man has received; but it is also
true, just as my Chicago brother says, that
the vote tor officers in the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association is somewhat different from
the election of officers at a convention. At a
convention there is an opportunity to discuss
candidates between sessions; besides, when
officers are elected at a convention held first
in one portion of the country and then
another, it is almost universally the custom to
elect new officers at each convention, if we
are going to elect a new man — it that is prac-
tically a foregone conclusion — then I see no
objection to announcing the names of all who
have received votes, and also giving the num-
ber of votes that each receives. In fact, if
the officers were to be elected by a plurality
vote, as is the case in our National Associa-
tion, then there is no earthly use of an in-
formal ballot. The way that things have
been running in the National in the past it
has been almost impossible to elect a new offi-
cer when the voting was done by mail.

I agree with my brother, that the old officer
may be the best, but we wish to be able to
elect a new one if we wish to do so, and it was
to secure that end that the rules for nomina-
tions were made as they were. If they don't
accomplish their object — if they have objec-
tions that can be remedied — if there is some
better way — I, for one, shall be only too glad
to see them changed.

As ever yours,

Nov. 10, 190.5. W. Z. Hutchinson.

The foregoing raises the question: Is it
certain that a new man's chances would

always be lesseneil by the addition of a sec-
ond new candidate, and equally certain that
the old incumbent's chances for remaining in
office would thereby be lessened? Suppose
Smith to be the old man, and Jones the new.
Smith gets 55 percent of the votes, Jones 45
percent, and so Smith continues in office.
Now suppose that instead of having only the
twooandidatesthere were three. Smith, Jones,
and another man. Brown. Is it unreasonable
to suppose that whatever votes Brown gets
will cut in on the Smith vote much more than
on the Jones vote? So, with the three candi-
dates in the field it would be nothing impossi-
ble that out of every 100 votes Smith should
get 35, Jones 40, and Brown 25. If, therefore,
the " only " object of the informal ballot be
to get rid of one already in office — and it may
be said by way of parenthesis that the object
at \e&st ought to be more than this — it seems
at least possible that in some cases it might
be accomplished more easily with two new
names than with only one.

The closing sentence of Mr.Hutchinson's let-
ter is in the right spirit, and worth considering.
There need be no dilliculty, probably, in mak-
ing a change of plan if anyone will suggest
what is that better plan. And in this connec-
tion it may be well to mention one fault so
glaring that some means should be found for
its remedy. Mr. Hutchinson, speaking of a
man in office whom it is not desirable to con-
tinue in that office, says:

" We would not go to him and tell him that
he was not a fit man for the office; that would
be too cruel."

In just about that cruel position is every
member put who in the formal ballot votes
for a new man for Secretary. For the ballots
are sent to the Secretary to be counted, and it
is putting a man in a rather cruel place to say
to him: " You must vote for the old Secre-
tary, or else you must walk up to his face and
say, ' I want a new man to take your place.' "

It is an easier thing to find fault than to
suggest the remedy, but remedies are not gen-
erally sought till faults are known, and it is
in order for any one to act on either line.

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Carloads or Cartloads of Honey

A little time ago mention was made of the
purchase of 70 carloads of honey by the Na-
tional Biscuit Co. Our genial Atterthinker
was taken to task for making it larger than it
was. Now a correspondent of the British Bee
Journal turns the other end of the spy-glass
upon it, and reports " seventy cartloads!" At
least, that is what appears under the name of
D. M. Macdonald, Ijut possibly he may have a
score to settle with the " printer's devil."

One of the Best.— Mr. F. M. Scott, of
Dodge Co., Minn., when sending his renewal
subscription for two years, wrote :

" The American Bee Journal is one of the
best and most able journals in America."

We would like to have say 35,000 readers
just like Mr. Scott, in addition to our present
list of honey-folks. We would like to have all
who can do so, help us to find them. Wo
offer premiums — good pay— for the work of
getting and sending in new subscriptions for
the American Bee Journal. Why not ask
your neighbor bee-keepers to subscribe?

To Foreign Subscribers. — We wish to
repeat a notice that we have given several
times before. It is this: None of our special
offers made in the American Bee Journal, or
anywhere else, apply to foreign subscribers.
So whenever we receive a foreign order with
remittance we always apply it all on sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal. If
our foreign readers would think about it a
little, they would quickly see that our special
offers would not apply to them, on account
of the extra postage to foreign countries.
Also, we do not export any queens except to
Canada and Cuba.

Some (Sxpcrt
©pinion

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How Best to tse Convention Time

Ques. 31 — 1. W>iat proportiuH of the lime
of a h€e-)COHventio7i do you think .thoutd be taken
H/) loith a qtieMlon-box for the greatest ben^t to
the average bee-keeper attendingf

2. What proportion for your own greatest
personal efijoynient?

J. M. Hambaugh (Calif.)— 1. One-fourth.

Jas. a. Stone (111.) — 1. The larger part of
it. 2. All.

Morgan Bros. (8. Dak.)— land 2. At least
one-third.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.) — 1 and 3. The more
the better.

E. E. Hasty (Ohio) — Well, at a venture,
say about half for both 1 and 2.

Adrian Getaz (Tenn.) — 1. About half . 2.
All. and the funniest the better.

Wm, McEvot (Ont.) — Nearly all the time.
All the time would suit me much better than
anything else.

O. O. POPPLETON (Fla.) — 1. As much as
possible aside from transacting all really
necessary business. 3. All.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)— 1. Three-fourths. 2.
Are we so selfish? Can't enjoy helping and
seeing others enjoy themselves?

G. M. DoOLiTTLE (N. T.) — Just in propor-
tion to the wants of the greatest number of
" average bee-keepers attending."

S. T. Pettit (Ont.)— 1. May be about 20
percent. 2. Whatever suits the crowd. I
enjoy seeing any meeting happy in a proper
way.

R. L. Tatlor (Mich.)— 1. Sufficient for the
answering and discussion of all the questions
that can be obtained. 2. Nearly all the avail-
able time.

Eugene Secor (Iowa) — 1. All of it. 2. In
National conventions I think it is well to
have some leading authorities give papers on
important subjects.

C. P. Dadant (111.)— Two-thirds of it. I
enjoy that part best, and learn more than
anything else, for we get the ideas of indi-
viduals from all directions, on the spot.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — 1. Froma large
experience in conducting Farmers' Institutes,
I should say from one-fourth to one-third. 2.
I should enjoy what gave the most benefit
to all.

Mrs. J. M. Null (Uo.) — According to the
character of the questions. Convention time
is alwaya valuable, and in some cases to fur-
nish a text-book and a journal or two would
be economy.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — A large part of it.
I have never been able to get away to attend
any large conventions, but I think the ques-
tion-box and short discussions on live topics
would interest me most.

N. E. France (Wis.)— 1. Often it is the
best part of a convention. If papers are read
they should be short, and the discussion fol-
low. 2. Nearly all questions, and when all
are tree to ask practical questions.

L.Stachelhausen (Tex.)— 1. This depends
upon circumstances. If some Dr. Millers are
in the crowd an all-question-box convention
will be a success; in other conventions I have
seen a levi hours' question-box an entire fail-
ure.

J. A. Green (Colo.) — I have always gotten
the most enjoyment and good from the free
discussion and interchange of experience and
opinion that is most likely to result from the
question-box method. At the best conven-

Nov. 30 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

823

lions I ever attended, no papers were read.
Papers are sometimes valuable in starting dis-
cussion, but usually more good can be gotten
out of a paper, at far less expense, by read-
ing it carefully at home.

E. S. LovEST (Vtah)— 1. About one-third
of the time of each session. 2. The same. If
there is a lack of interest at the beginning of
the meeting the question-box can be used to
create a general interest in the whole pro-
gram.

E. D, TowNSEND (Mich.) — Personally, I en-
joy the ciuestion-box the best of anything
about a convention, and I can not conceive of
anything better for the main part of the time.
Did you ever see a convention lag during the
question-box session?

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.) — The question-box
certainly is very interesting. One-half of the
sessions of our conventions could very profit-
ably be taken up by the question-box. By it

we gain an insight into what our listeners
desire us to talk about.

G. W. Demarbe (Ky.)— 1. Speaking from
some experience in convention work, I regard
the educational feature of the exercises — such
as asking and answering questions — the most
important of all. 2. Let us enjoy our ihcly
well done, rather than sf^-enjoyment.

C. H. DiBBEKN (111.)— At least half of the
time of a bee-convention should be devoted to
the question-box, and the more questions on
new lines the better. For my own part, I
would rather have all the time devoted to
short, spicy questions than listen to long,
windy essays.

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)— Only a limited time
when a committee answers the questions.
When you have the whole convention answer,
and you have a president equal to the task of
directing and changing the discussion at the

proper time, it is a good way to run a conven-
tion for a sess' ^n.

Db.C. C. Miller (111.)— 1. All the time that
can be spared from necessary business, unless
it be occasionally a short paper or talk on a
special topic by one particularly qualified. 2.
All of it, provided there's a man in charge
who wisely directs the discussion ; preventing
it from being switched oft into something of
little value, and changing to the next ques-
tion as soon as all the milk has been gotten
out of the cocoanut.

Db. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— 1 and 2. An-
swers to these questions depend very much.
In most conventions of this kind there is too
much time wasted by mouthy and " windy "
members who like to hear themselves talk, to
the exclusion of more experienced and better-
informed members who are not blessed with a
lluency of words. A time limit should always
be set to prick the gas-bags and give the
modest members a chance.

^ (£ontrtbuteb -f
Special Clrticles

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December Work In and About the Apiary

BY C. P. DADANT

IF our bees have not been put into winter quarters on the
summer stands, but are intended to be put into tiie cellar,
this is the month to do it, and rather early than late. In
latitudes further north they are usually put away during
November. A change ot weather after a warm day is the
proper time. If the bees have already been confined for sev-
eral weeks to the hive by cold weather, they will probably fare
as well if they are left outside, as they have already been con-
suming stores, and their intestines may already be somewhat
loaded.

Any good cellar for fruit or vegetables will do to winter
bees, provided a corner may be set apart for them and sep-
arated from the main cellar by some sort of partition, even if
made only of old carpets. There must be ventilation so as
to cool the temperature which may become too high, espe-
cially if the colonies are strong and numerous. We take them
in without the cap or super, and give them both upper and
lower ventilation. The hives may be piled on top of each
other, using a slat at each end on top of a hive before putting
on the next, so that there may be a space between them. We
leave the hive-entrance entirely open, and turn this to the
wall or towards the darkness, so the bees will not be induced
to fly. Darkness is important, and the window, if there is
one, should be darkened by a curtain.

A special bee-cellar in which nothing else is kept is cer-
tainly desirable, but many bee-keepers can not afford this and
yet can well spare room in a good house-cellar.

Nowadays many cellars have a furnace which heats the
home. Even such a cellar may be used. We have used one
of this description for a number of years with good success,
but the bee-room was partitioned off with a 4-inch sawdust
partition, so that the bee-cellar could be kept cool while the
other part was warm. Such a cellar has the advantage of
being very dry, and also of being easily warmed up when the
temperature falls too low. lint it is the other extreme which
Is most to be guarded against. From years of experience re-
peated by others we find that about 40 degrees Fahrenheit is
the nearest correct. This may vary a little according to out-
side temperatures, but the degree at which the bees remain
the quietest is correct. A low hum is all that should be heard.
When the temperature rises or gets too low the noise increases.

Towards spring a few bees will leave the cluster, from
time to time, and fall to the cellar floor after making a vain
attempt to escape. Those bees have become restless from
some cause, and would disturb the quiet of the others, and it is
better for them to die. The los< in this manner will be small.

Nothing is required for the bees left on the summer
stands, if they are properly protected. Reducing the entrances
according to the requirements of the colony, cleaning the
snow from the front, keeping out stock and other outside dis-
turbances will fulfill the conditions necessary for success. Our

main reason for wanting the snow cleaned from the front or
alighting-board is that the bees may have a clean place to
travel on, if the sun gets warm and the snow melts.

Hamilton, III.

Bee-Supply Prices and the Honey-Market

BY DR. G. BOHREE

ON page 647, Mr. J. E. Johnson discusses the price ot bee-
supplies and honey, and assumes the ground that in case
1 J^-story hives could be purchased for 75 cents each every
Tom, Dick and Harry would be in the bee-business : there be-
ing, he thinks, so many of this class now, and that many
owners of bees bring their honey to market in the worst pos-
sible condition, so much so as to injure the price and sale of
honey. He thinks that if the price of bee-supplies was so
high as to drive this class out of the bee-business it would be
a blessing to any community.

That there is a very great want of true knowledge among
a large percent of people who own bees, and that there is also
a corresponding amount of inexcusable negligence among
thera, are undeniable facts ; but to attempt to remedy this
state of affairs by raising the price of bee-supplies can not,
and will not, bring success in either the price of honey or the
scientific management of honey-bees, in my opinion ; and I
will suggest that if the opinion is generally prevalent among
bee-keepers, that a bee-supply trust exists, or that there is a
secret understanding among manufacturers of these supplies
to raise the prices of the same, and thereby enable them to
reap an unjust, and, consequently, an undue profit, we, the
bee-keepers, when in convention assembled, should select a
proper committee and instruct them to investigate the facts
in the case and report the result of their investigations, and
if it is ascertained that an undue profit has been, and is being
realized by our bee-supply men, let us take immediate action
by either subscribing stock and starting a factory of our own,
or by entering into an agreement with some bee-supply factory
that will sell us supplies at a fair price. And mark my pre-
diction, Mr. Editor, we will reduce prices inside of 30 days.

I will also suggest that the goods supplied be of good
quality, requiring all bottom-boards, landing-boards and fol-
lowers to be made of substantial material. This I deem a
matter of considerable importance. I have quite a number of
hives with bottom-boards too thin to permit bees to be moved
in safety ; and the detachable landing or alighting boards are
so thin that they warp to pieces and break down when a quart
or two of bees lie out on them or cluster under them ; while
the followers or division-boards are worthless after once stuck
fast with propolis, as they split to pieces when an effort is
made to get them out of the hive. In the last hives I pur-
chased I did not make up the followers, as they were not
worth nailing together.

I would also suggest that we state to the public in plain
language that a hive shallower than the standard Langstroth
hive is not by any means a safe hive for a beginner to use in
a climate where there is much zpro weather, nor for any one
else who winters bees on the summer stands, while in a mild
climate shallow hives may answer a good purpose.

In the matter of improving the price and sale ot honey,
let us ascertain by what form honey can be produced and put
upon the market in the cheapest and most wholesome form as
food. When this has been done, and we, in our advertising

824

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 30, 1905

efforts set forth the facts plainly, the people will make a cote
of it, and in time there will be a heavily increased demand for
honey all over our country.

" But," says one, " Bohrer believes that extracted honey
is the cheapest and most wholesome." Bur, people won't buy
it through fear of being imposed upon by the artificial-honey
vendor. To head off this danger let every bee-keeper use his
or her influence for a pure food law, for without it the sale of
honey will be held down in the future as it has been in the
past, and as it is now being held down. It won't only be so
in the case of extracted honey, but^n the case of section
comb honey as well.

In addition to all this, let us through our agricultural and
local country papers tell the public, and repeatour statements
if need be, that artificial honey-comb has never been manu-
factured, and that the probability is that it never can be.
Sheets of beeswax with the bottoms or cell-foundations stamped
upon each side is the most advanced step ever taken by man
in the manufacture of honey-comb, the cell-walls being so
thin and delicate that even if molded the mold could not be
removed from the cells without breaking them down.

Let us drop the term "artificial comb honey " in our
efforts to educate the people upon this subject, it having no
legitimate place in the discussion of the real falsehood to be
exposed. The term "artificial honey" was manufactured
many years before " artificial comb " was ever talked of. so
that the latter is the real question at issue. Let us stick to it.
I am not unmindful of the fact that comb honey in the form
of so-called "formed sections" is regarded the most attractive
form in which honey is produced, but I shall again insist that
it is not the cheapest or the most wholesome, and consequently
not the best. Let us get the people to know what the best
form is, and, in time we may hope, with the support of a
strong, pure food law, to see the honey-market problem solved.

I am also free to admit that honey, in order to be accept-
able among some of our people, must please the eye ; and
some say that in the comb and section it is the most attrac-
tive. Let such as can not admire or like honey in any other
shape have it in the comb. But at "the same time let us tell
the whole truth, and inform everybody that in the extracted
form it is by all odds the cheapest, just as palatable, more
wholesome, and it will sell in larger quantities than in any
other shape.

Mr. A. I. Root placed the honey-section before the public.
Every one saw at a glance that it presented honey in the
neatest, most cleanly, and most attractive form, andlargelv
drove from the market bulk-comb honey, the comb of which
often contained cocoons and pollen. Yet, as Mr. Johnson says,
sections sometimes contain the above-named undesirable and
objectionable articles. Lyons, Kans.

Purity vs. Good Working Qualities in Bees

BT G. M. DOOLITTLE

IS it needful to have any of the races of bees in their abso-
lute purity to secure the best results in honey ? Please an-
swer this in the American Bee Journal, as very many of the
readers will be interested in the matter."

Thus writes a correspondent. Were I to answer this in
the briefest possible space I should say No, making it very
emphatic. But I take it that the correspondent wishes to
know the whys and wherefores of such a decision, when so
much has been said in the past in our bee-papers and else-
where regarding a standard of purity, it being made to appear
that the higher this standard the better the working qualities.
In the first place, I know of no race of bees in this coun-
try to-day that are absolutely /!>?<>r, unless I except the black
or German race of bees ; and these have become so mixed with
bees of foreign importation that in most places they have
ceased to be identical with the bees of our fathers. The best
that can be said of any of the foreign bees, so far as they have
come under my observation (and I have had nearly all of
them ; those from whom I had them claiming that those sent
were certainly pure) is, that they are a thoroughbred, for
there is not one of these claimed pure races but what will
" sport " to an extent sufficient to condemn all claims for
purity. So it is not necessary to have bees in their " absolute
purity "to secure the best results in honey, for an absolute
purity can not be obtained in this country, unless, perchance,
it is the black bee, and we have for years been claiming that
the thoroughbred bees of foreign importation, added to which
has come the intellectual breeding of American genius, are
much better for honey than the black bees of our fathers.

The breeding of American genius has been along the line
of better bees as regSLrds good grualiiies, especially the quality

of superior honey-gathering, and the good yields of the pres-
ent time as coppared with a score of years ago, tells how suc-
cessful they have been. Allow me to illustrate something of
this matter from my own experience :

One year during the latter part of May, while changing
one colony from the hive it was in to another hive of more re-
cent make, I noticed a fine looking orange-colored queen
with the workers quite evenly marked, and of the same pecu-
liar orange color. A neighbor who kept bees happened along
at the time and remarked that he would prefer a darker-col-
ored queen for good business at honey-gathering, and I agreed
with him in this decision. No further notice was taken of
this colony till about .June 25, when the bees were nearly
through swarming. This one had not swarmed, but had 60
pounds of section honey nearly ready to come off. On July 3-
they gave a fine swarm, which was hived in a new hive.
Although the parent colony had none of its queen-cells cut, it
never offered to swarm again, and the result at the end of the
season was 195 pounds of section honey from the parent, and
114 from the swarm, or 309 pounds from the old colony, all
told.

The queen reared in the old hive proved to be as good as
the mother, and both colonies wintered with the loss of very
few bees, and consumed very little honey when in winter
quarters. Then in spring they built up in good shape for the
season's work, and showed the same disposition not to swarm
till late, each of the two colonies giving nearly one-third more
section honey than the average of the rest in the apiary.
From this on I reared nearly all my queens from the old one
as long as she lived, and found that the majority of them
proved as good as did the one reared the first year; they lay-
ing the most prolifically just at the right time to bring their
bees on the stage of action in the greatest numbers at a time
to take advantage of the honey harvest when on, and these
bees were great honey-gatherers. These bees were used as
the base for breeding, and were really of no known pedigree
of stock.

In order to obtain, if possible, something better still, I
began procuring queens from persons who reported good
honey-yields, believing that with these good yields must come
good wintering qualities, etc., as no good honey-gathering
could possibly come from bees which were deficient in the
other things needed as a basis for the thing sought after.
Some of the queens bought did not come up to my expecta-
tions, and were superseded as soon as proven. Others proved
good, some even better, along certain lines, than what I had,
and were used to advance the apiary up to a higher standard
as to honey-gathering, I never asking regarding the purity of
the stock, as the best honey-producers were what I was after.

By this method of crossing I have bred up a strain of bees
which please me as to their honey-gathering qualities,
although for yellow bands and golden-all-overs there are
doubtless bees more pleasing to the eye. And I am still striv-
ing to advance these bees further along the honey-gathering
line, and I am on the lookout each year to see where anything
can be purchased that gives a prospect of furthering this ob-
ject. And there are many others in the United States and
Canada who are working just as faithfully to secure the best
bees for honey-gathering as I have been.

Through this disposition to work for the improvement of
stock along the honey-gathering line, on the part of the best
apiarists of North America, I believe the day is not far dis-
tant, if it has not already come, when the bees of America
will be conceded to be the best bees in the world, with no espe-
cial claim to their purity, or of their race or variety, nor from
what country their ancestors came. Borodino, N. Y.

(£onxx>ntion
Proccebings

Report of the Texas Conveutlou

J'

BT LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SEC.

(Continued from page 810)

The Production of Bulk-Comb Honey.

Mr. Aten has produced bulk-comb honey a long time.
He had to have his cans made especially for the purpose in
Austin, with a 4 inch screw-cap opening in the regular 60-
pound can. The comb had to be cut very small, which made

Nov. 30, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

825

these cans undesirable. Since the S-inch screw-cap was mide
the comb honey could be packed very nicely, and when un-
packed it came out more easily, and looked fine. This made
it ten times more easy to sell a crop of honey, and with a
larger profit, as a great demand for such hulk-comb honey
was soon created. Besides, the adulteration practiced with
extracted honey was done away with to a great extent.

He uses the 10-frame hive 3 stories high in the spring,
and 4 stories high later. He lets the bees store in extracting
combs first, in the beginning of the flow, until these combs are
nearly ready to seal, then he alternates combs by adding
frames with foundation between them. He claims that the
bees go to work so very much sooner in the full-depth supers
when treated in this way than when shallow supers are used
in the usual way.

Mr. Victor is not in the comb-honey business now. He
used deep supers, but would prefer shallow supers if he were
in the business. To have the hive full of hatching brood 10
days before the flow is essential. No excluders are used. It
is a good plan to have baits above which help to keep the bees
from swarming, as they occupy the new room given them. A
shallow extracting super put on early is of much value. The
bees store the early honey there instead of crowding it into
the brood-nest ; the young bees get used to living there, and
work in the new supers immediately when given them between
the shallow extracting super and the brood-nest. In this way
an extra amount of extracted and more comb honey is pro-
cured. Shallow supers are decidedly preferable, especially
during a slow or short flow, as one or two finished supers of
honey can be obtained while the deep ones are not filled.
Room should be given before the flow is on, and not wait till
the flow has begun, so that the first honey goes above and not
into the brood-chamber.

Mr. Milam remarked that no two localities nor two sea-
sons are alike, therefore much depends upon the successful
production of comb honey. For success a fast flow is neces-
sary. Swarming stops as soon as the bees get the whole idea
that they will store honey. He uses excluders and prevents
brood-rearing in the new combs. Some bee-keepers claim
that these are honey-excluders, but he uses them and keeps
the queen in one or more lO-frame hives below. One must
study his locality, and then the season is as important as the
locality. You can not get comb honey from weak colonies.
These are run for extracted honey. Shallow supers are bet-
ter, as a few supers of honey can be produced on weak colo-
nies when it can not be done with larger, full-depth bodies.
He does not like to extract from the brood-chamber.

Mr. Laws— The subject of bulk-comb honey production is
a very important one, as bulk-comb honey brings us our
money. There is a great demand for this kind of honey.

Mr. Kutts is in favor of the shallow frame. All those
who have tried them continue to use them, and those who
condemn them are those who have never tried them. They
don't know it all. Weak colonies are not good for producing
comb honey, and should be run for extracted. Extracted
honey is needed anyway to pack the comb honey with. He
does not get enough extracted honey, and has to buy it
from others to pack his comb honey. He tried something new
the past season in the way of putting up bulk-comb honey.
When he heard of the way The A. I. Root Co. put up cakes of
granulated honey wrapped in wax-paper, the idea struck him
that comb honey might be put up in much the same way. He
packed some of it, but did not ship any. Each comb is wrapped
separately in a piece of paraffin paper and then packed in the
cans. As there is no liquid honey outside of these separate
packages, each comb can be taken out individually in a nice
and perfect condition. This is a new idea, and may be worth
something to the bee-keepers.

Mr. Hagood stated that bulk-comb honey can be produced
successfully only with strong colonies of bees. Good, thrifty
queens are all-important. The weak colonies should be man-
aged for extracted honey.

Willie Atchley — The bee-keeper must first study his loca-
tion and acquaint himself with the honey-flows before any-
thing else in order to be successful. Two full-depth hive-
bodies are used for the brood- chamber, and the exchanging-
of combs of brood and honey from below and above ; spread-
ing brood to work the queens for all they are worth, to pro-
cure rousing colonies by the time of the flow. When it opens,
all the hatching brood is crowded into the lower body and the
full-depth supers are put on. The bees take possession at
once. In my locality swarming stops when the honey begins
to rush in, and there is no dangerof swarmsduring the honey-
flow with the method practiced. The remaining brood may
be used for new colonies, or with which to strengthen others,
or the combs may be used over extracted-honey colonies. If
I crowd mv colonies down into a single brood-chamber by us-

ing excluders, and use only shallow supers, as Mr. Victor and
Mr. Milam do, it would take one man for every 100 colotics of
bees to keep down swarming. I have had the strong colonies
to draw out the foundation and finish a 10-frame full-depth
super in 6 days' time.

Mr. Pharr never produced much bulk-comb honey, but he
agreed with Mr. Atchley, that one must of necessity " work
the queen for all she is worth." Then when the supers are
put on, some chunk honey is obtained in a good flow, while
extracted is obtained if the flow is light. Bees are loth to go
up into shallow supers, and two deep supers of comb honey
can be obtained as against three shallow ones. He believes
the deep, full-depth bodies are the supers to be used for
money, and that is what we are keeping bees for.

Mr. At<-hley said that another |)oint brought out in using
two full bodies for a brood-chamber in getting rousing colo-
nies of bees, is the ease with which increase can be obtained.
When the upper story is removed some brood and bees are
left in it, a bottom and cover is put on, a ripe cell or a queen
is given, and the newly-made colony is set away on a new
stand. This leaves the old colony with the old bees on the
old stand in first-class condition for bulk-comb honey.

Mr. Kutts winters his bees in two deeii bodies, pushes
brood rearing in both until the honey-flow, and then shakes
them into one below where he places all the brood. When
shaking them he handles the bees roughly to cause them to
gorge themselves with honey, and as the shallow supers with
Foundation are added at the same time, they b^gin comb-build-
ing immediately. With deep combs it is hard to get them
capped entirely unless you have a good honey-How.

Mr. Laws handles his bees in deep bodies, two for a brood-
chamber, and if one were to watch him he would think that
he was trying to do nothing else but to prevent swarming.
He scatters the brood throughout two bodies, then compacts
it in one at the approach of the flow. .Just so the bees are
there when the flow comes the bulk-comb honey will be ob-
tained all right.

Mr. Bell tried both shallow and deep supers. If he would
use the shallow supers he would use them from the ground
up, as he does not like two different depths or sizes of hives
in a yard. The first thing is to produce the bees — then there
must be the honey, of course.

(Continued next week.)

#

Report of the Chicago-Northwestem Bee-Keep-
ers' Couveutlou, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 aud Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from page 810.J
SWEET CLOVER HONEY.

"What are the objections, if any, to honey produced from
sweet clover?"

Mr. Horstmann— There is no objection. That is the best
honey produced. ^

Pres. York— The only objection then, is, that we don t
get enough of it !

Mr. Colburn— I have heard the suggestion that it was
not as good as white clover honey. I have been in localities
where I got both, and I confess I like the white best. The
sweet clover is very fine — it is very far ahead of anything
else in looks, but I don't think the quality is as good as
the white clover. If you can get it mixed it is good.

Mr. Becker— I think sweet clover is all right, providmg
there is no other honey with it. I have had experience with
sweet clover. We don't get it pure in our neighborhood.
Whenever we take it to Springfield we have to have our
sales made before we get there to get rid of it. They don't
like it in that locality. I bought some from Mr. York,
four or five years ago, when there was no honey at all in
our part of the country, not even an ounce, and I took it
down to the State fair to make my exhibit, and then sold
it out; and the store keepers who sold the honey ^ use to
tell me, "Becker, you have ruined my honey-trade." They
said, "That isn't honey."

Pres. York — Didn't you get a premium on that honey?

Mr. Becker— Yes. [Laughter.]

Mr. Kannenberg— I think it depends a good deal
man that sells the honey, and how to educate the
to taste the honey. I think if Mr. Becker educaV
people to get the honey they liked they would eat/
the same.

Pres. York— Probably there is not enough of it

Mr. Colburn— I have in my place three differ/

826

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 30, 1905

of honey. There is another kind of honey I have had put
into sections and supers ; I don't know what source it comes
from. It is white, though not snow-white hke sweet clover :
it has a slightly muddy tint. That honey has no more flavor
to it than so much sugar syrup. As soon as I discovered
it I stopped selling it, because I said everybody that tastes
that will swear it is sugar syrup and nothing else. I would
like to know if anybody else has had any experience with it.
I think it comes about between white clover and spring
clover.

!Mr. Meredith — Is it honey-dew?

Mr. Opfer — Here is a bottle of sweet clover honey, and
I would like anybody in the audience to show better honey
than this. It depends a good deal on the man that produces
the sweet clover honey in my opinion.

Pres. York — I am satisfied that Mr. Opfer's sample is
pure sweet clover honey. I have had lots of it.

Mr. Moore — I would like to say a word on this honey
question. I sold to my customers some sweet clover honey
in Chicago, seven or eight years ago, and it is only recently
I have gotten' away from the effects of it. Any one who
asks which is best, I say, "There is no best ; it is simply
a question of what you are used to." This market is used
to clover and basswood flavors. They get their honey fiom
Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Michigan, where the pre-
ponderance is white clover and basswood. I know a major-
ity will have sweet clover honey. Where they get to like
it, it is liked as<well as anything else. But this honey ques-
tion is purely a matter of taste. They want what they have
all their lives been used to, and they will absolutely condemn
and call impure anything else.

Mr. Becker — As far as sweet clover honey is concerned,
I have no objection whatever; it is a very fine honey. But
when you take out a section of sweet clover honey there is
the peculiar smell to it that is not in any other honey, and

I think that is the part that people do not like. When you
taste the honey it is as fine tasting as any honey, but it has
that peculiar smell that you can smell in the growing sweet
clover a hundred yards off before you reach it.

L.\RELING SECTION HONEY.

"What miglit be the disadvantage of a label covering
all four sides of a section, printed matter being on all four
sides?"

Mr. Fluegee — I should think it would be daubbed up with
honey and get soiled.

Mr. Wilcox — Retail dealers might not like it, and that is
a serious objection. They won't want to advertise your
honey for you, by distributing it among their customers ;
they would sooner order direct from the producer.

Pres. York — I take it that the questioner means printed
matter concerning the production of honey, or proof of the
purity, and not as an advertising card.

Mr. Wilcox — I see no necessity for any printed matter
on comb honey unless your name is on it as a guaranty of
purity.

Pres. York — At the St. Louis convention the question
was asked whether "it might be well to print something right
on the wood of the sections by the manufacturers, calling
attention to the fact *hat there is no such thing as manu-
factured comb honey, or something of that kind. But I
doubt if people would stop to read it, anyway. Take the
cities where most of t)ie comb honey is sold, the servant
girls get it, and I don't think they would stop to read any-
thing printed on the sections. Still, they might.

Mr. Moore — It seems to me if any one wants to put
printed matter on it, the carton is the very best method,
and you cai: print them all over, and as much of it will
be read as any other printed matter we send out.
(Conttaued next week.)

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A New Yopk Woman's Report

Dear Miss Wilson : — As you have re-
quested the sisters to send reports of last sea-
son's work, I comply.

I put up S colonies last fall, well packed,
and also well provided with stores. I lost 3
in wintering, and got a fair crop from the 5 —
about 175 pounds — mostly white clover, beau-
tifully white, and well filled out. It was
taken off in July. I lost 2 swarms and sold 1
nucleus. I bought and introduced an Italian
<iueen from Texas, which proved to be excel-
lent, her bees very gentle, and they cap their
honey white. I have 7 colonies now put up
heavy with honey, and need no feeding; they
are packed in chaff outdoors.

So far my experience is pleasant, but I must
tell of my fatal mistake in neglecting to
sulphur or fumigate the honey after taking it
off. It is a painful experience to find half of
such lovely honey ruined by moths. But we
learn by our mistakes.

I see Dr. Miller recommends using bisulph-
ide of carbon, 3 or 4 tablespoonfuls for 100
pounds of honey. I shall use it next year.

Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Sarah E. Wiley.

A 'Woman Bee-Keeper's Political
Prospects

It appears that honors undesired have been
thrust upon a bee-keeping sister out in
Is'ebraska— Mrs.A. L. Amos. Her letter de-
clining the nomination for county superin-
tendent of schools appears in the Custer
County Beacon. No little time has been spent
trying to decide just what part of her letter
should be given to the readers of this depart-
ment, but the whole letter is so bright and in-
teresting that it has finally been decided to
give it entire, with apologies to the editor for
occupying so much space with something that

is not at all about l)ees. It thows evident
content with a bee-keeper's lot, and at the
same time the frankness with which possi-
bilities in the future are mentioned is com-
mended to politicians of the sterner sex. The
letter follows :

A Patriotic Letter.

Mr. Editor: — Will it be considered taking
oneself too seriously if I notice for a moment
that my name has been mentioned as a possi-
ble nominee for county superintendent? Is
it something that I should smile over and
pass by ?

I have been wondering how, secluded in my
hermitage here, I could be thought of for a
moment in this connection. I, who don't
" know the ropes " by which to climb to any
offce; I, who find my life so full that I have
not time to be director in my own school dis-
trict.

Friends, I thank you for the honor of a
passing consideration. I gave to teaching
school in this and adjoining counties 10 of the
best years of my life. 'They were pleasant
years, too.

I don't say that if called to an office of this
kind some time in the future I would not
accept and give to it my best effort, but thn
time now is inopportune. My three little
maids need me at home. There is no place
like the country for children. Let them grow
to be healthy little animals before they are
anything else. They are too young for me to
think for a moment that I might change the
even tenor of my way.

Friends, I find life worth while here ! " Far
from the madding crowd's ignoble strife."
On this farm, the gift of " Uncle Sam," I
have achieved some triumphs. The trees
have grown large enough to support a ham-
mock and furnish shade overhead, and when
the thermometer ranges 90 degrees and up-
wards, I can lounge a little with book and
paper within hearing of the busy hum of in-

dustry from the bee-hives close at hand. There
is another of my triumphs. I am not a bee-
keeper merely, but a bee-master, since I bend
the little creatures to my will, and have shown
that honey can be produced abundantly in
Custer County.

I have seen apple-trees grow from saplings
to great trees, bending with their loads of
health-giving fruit. I am very close to Nature
here, and " Nature never did betray the heart
that loved her."

Friends, I promise you that I will try to
grow so that if the time does come when I
can leave, and you'see fit to call me, I may be
ready. But I tell you that I am no politician,
and will pull no wires. Withal, I am " a
canny Scot," and realize that I might get
hold of the wrong one— a live wire, for in-
stance !

This is much for me to write at this season
of the year. Success to the other fellow !
[Mrs.] a. L. Amos.

The Truth About Honey. — A few

changes have been made in the reading of the
Comb Honey Guarantee Circular for shipping-
cases gotten up by The Honey-Producers'
League, so that it will be suitable for bee-
keepers to use in their correspondence, put-
ting one in with every letter they write. It
is headed, " The Truth About Honey," and is
printed on both sides of a light manilla card-
board. It is sent postpaid in lots of 50 for 10
cents, 100 for 20 cents, etc. Every bee-keeper
should use it, as it will undoubtedly help to
popularize the use of honey.

The (juarantee Circulars for putting in ship-
ping-cases should be used by every bee-keeper
who sells comb honey by the case. These
circulars are the same price — 10 cents for 50
copies, postpaid. Send all orders to the
American Bee Journal office.

Comb Honey Guarantee Circulars.

— These were gotten up by The Honey-Pro-
ducers' League, to be put into shipping-cases
before nailing them up for market. They are
mailed for only 10 cents for 50 — practically
cost price. Every bee-keeper who has any
honey to sell by the case should use these
circulars. They will help to inspire confi-
dence in the genuineness of comb honey.
Send all orders to this office.

Nov. 30, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

827

IViv. Qasty 5 Clftertl^oucjI^ts

=^

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasset,
By E. E. Ha8tt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio,

J^

INSFECTOSS OF AFIARIES.

That was a remarkable and luminous sea-
tence of Inspector France's where he said,
" As soon as we can got the people educated I
question if we will need any inspectors."
And no doubt he would admit also that with
people as ignorant and indifferent as some are
now, the best of inspectors find it pretty hard
to clean up territory. Page 729,

The Fcsnt Man's Prunes and Honet.

The funny man's attacks upon prunes do
some good as well as harm — in that some peo-
ple would never know of the e.xistence of
such things as prunes but for the funny man.
Results: Curiosity— a trial— a decision that
we must have some more. Alas, we can not
have that kind of salve for the sore that the
funny man has inflicted on us! Folks all
know already that there is such a thing as
honey, and that it is good; but that funny
man at Washington, and others who have
followed in his wake, have convinced an
awful lot of them— not that honey is not good
— but that our sections are not genuine.

Undeniable that that paper on page "43 is a
powerful one — also that /low to prevent mem-
bers from using the League's mark to sell
poor, unripe honey is a " powerful " problem.

All Full or Some Empty Comb for
Winter.

More idol smashing, eh? The dictum that
a colony needs some empty comb to be a cen-
tral core for a winter uest is ably attacked by
J. L, Byer, on page 744. I prefer to keep Mr.
B.'s theory a little separate from his experi-
ence. His experience that bees winter tiptop
on 5 solid, sealed combs— let that stand with-
out any discount. But it's tolerably plain
that the liees themselves (if given theirchoice)
would choose the same honey in fl combs, and
the 4 interior ones one-quarter empty at the
bottom front. May it not be that the bees
know best, after alH lam not pleading for
any great amount of emply comb, but for a
little. Neither am I denying that combs with
only 3 inches of honey at the top are worse
than solid ones. In the bees' own way they
can and do form a practically solid central
mass by crawling into the cells. With the
Byer method they can not do that way to
start in with. We may sincerely deplore the
scatteration of the winter supply through 10
or 12 big combs without jumping to the con-

clusion that it is the best way to have the clus-
ter widely divided into 4 slices less than half
an inch thick.

Darker Color of Bait-Section Honey.

W. N, Root wonders at his bait-sections
being darker color than the rest. That thej'
partly fill the bait-section before the white
honey begins to come, is, I think, the com-
monest reason. The fact that old comb can
not be quite as white as new helps in the same
direction. And I think that dark, old honey
moved from below is pretty often put in the
bait. Page 749.

Don't Be a "Putty-Head."

Be not pliable as putty; but be open to
solid reasoning. This maxim (arranged from
R, F. Holtermann) applies at other places be-
sides conventions. Need it at home. Need
it very badly when you read the Journal.
Page 757.

Crackless Cakes of Beeswax.

It's sometimes advised to let your cakes of
way get as full of cracks as ever they have a
mind to get. "Cause why?" Buyers know
that pure wax cracks worse than the adul-
terated article. A lot of fine, uncracked cakes
all looking just alike is a look-out warning.
If you have a good reputation and sell to
some ore you are acquainted with, then you
may take a little pains to have the cakes look
nice. Should doubt a little whether con-
tinued dipping during the process of cooling
would make quite as nice-looking cakes as the
slow-cooling method. Page 759.

Enclosing Out-Apiary Grounds.

Out-apiary ground a rectangle 100x25 feet.
Two lengths of board hurdle on the north and
same on the south. On the long east and
west sides wooden posts well set. and supplied
with an extra number of barbed wires. Hives
set so near the wires that no grass and weeds
can grow between — the whole to be in a pas-
ture lot, that the stock may be intrusted with
keeping the entrances clear. Move a board-
length and drive in when you bring the bees.
Pitch the extracting tent inside. (Look out
you don't tear your never-whisper-'ems on
the barbs as you manipulate.) To drum for
another objection, possibly in some cases the
land-owner may be less inclined to let you
come if you ask to set permanent posts. Page
75S.

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Bees Refuslns to Leave a Super
for Winter

The first cold spell we had I took the supers
off of all my hives but one, and the bees were
in the super and on top of the frames, and I
could not get them to go down into the hive.
Smoking did no good. One very cold day I
took the super off, and there were lots of bees
in it, also on top of the frames, and they re-
mained there. I believe they would have fro-
zen had I not put the super back. \Vhat is
the cause of them acting in that manner? We
had no swarms the past season. Could it be
possible that the hive is so full of bees that
there is no room for those that were filling
the super? The bees stored no honey to

amount to much since the first of July. They
did splendidly up to that time. Missouri.

Answer. — If the brood-chamber was filled
with bees, and the super as well, it was
merely because the colony was strong. The
trouble was that you operated when it was so
cold that the bees would not move. Take
them on a day when it is warm enough for
bees to fly freely and you will find it another
story. If smoke does not readily get them
down, you might take out the contents of the
super and brush the bees down upon the top-
bars of the brood-frames. Another way is to
take the cover off, leaving the super bare,
then wedge up one end of the super half an
inch to an inch, and the bees in the super will
find it so chilly that they will go down into

warmer quarters. Of course, it will not an-
swer to do this when it is so warm that rob-
bing will be started, although it will be better
for being warm if the work is done late
enough in the day to avoid robbing. Likely
enough there will be no need to wedge up
one end of the super; merely uncovering may
be enough to make the bees go down ; and if
it is very cold, wedging up one end would be
just the thing to defeat your purpose, for the
open space between hive and super might
make the bees in the super shrink upwards
rather than downwards.

Registerlns! a Honey Trade-Mark

How can a trade-mark be obtained for label-
ing honey when working up a trade?

Minnesota.

Answer. — A trade-mark is registered by
the Government at Washington, D.C, in order
to be able to protect it in case of infringement
or copying. For the details to be followed in
securing such registry, better consult a good
lawyer.

Candy for Winter Stores

As I have some colonies of bees light in
stores, how can I make candy out of granu-
lated sugar to carry them through the winter?

Indiana.

Answer. — That's one of the questions that
hardly belongs in this department, as the an-
swer ought to be found in your bee-book ; but
I'll answer it anyhow.

You can make Seholz or Good candy, but
the probability is you have not the extracted
honey, so all you need to do is to make just
plain sugar candy. Into a vessel of boiling
water on the stove, stir 2 or 3 times as much
sugar, and let it cook until a bit of it dropped
into cold water appears brittle ; then pour out
into greased dishes so as to make cakes halt
an inch to an inch in thickness. These cakes
may be laid on top of the frames and then
covered up any way to keep snug and close,
so the bees will go up to them ; for if too cold
the bees will not leave the cluster to reach
them, and starve with abundance in the hive.
Then promise yourself you'll not be caught
that way again, but will have plenty of combs
of sealed honey each fall to meet any emer-
gency.

Killing Drones- Prevention of In-
crease—Supcring— Feeding Bees

1 In killing drones, how do I know when
to kill tbem, and how many to kill? Should
I kill them all, or how many should there be
in the colony in order to fertilize the queen?
Should they be killed in spring and fall?

2. After I get one swarm of bees from each
colony next spring, what is the best way to
slop them from increasing any more, and
store some surplus honey?

3. How often shall I cut out cells and ex-
amine the bees in the summer time?

4. Which is better, to put one super on at a
time, or two? Why?

5. How can I see which colonies are to be
fed in spring, and how much to feed them be-
fore they have enough? I have a Doolittle
feeder. Is this the best kind?

6. How do I know when to put on an Alley
queen-trap in time to catch the swarm, as
much of my time is devoted to the field-work
and I am not at home very often in the day-
time. Wisconsin.

Answers, — L You can kill all you please,
and whenever you please, and there will be
little danger of there being any too few left.
As in most cases you will find that in this case
prevention is better than cure, so the best way
is to see that there is little or no drone-comb
in your hives, and then there will be few or no
drones reared. A single drone is all that is
needed for each young queen; but when you
have done your best at repression you'll find
you will still have hundreds left. While you
are about the business of preventing drones,
it may be well for you to take especial pains
to hive no drones reared in colonies that are

828

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 30 1905

below the average in character, aod encour-
age their presence in a few of jour very best
honey-gathering colonies. In that way you
will be doing something to improve the char-
acter of your stock.

2. When the prime swarm issues, hive'^t
and set the hive on the stand of the mother
colony, setting the mother colony close beside
it, both facing the same way. A week later,
move the old colony to a new place some dis-
tance away — 10 feet or more. That is all you
need do; the bees will do the rest. For the
field-bees from the mother colony will all join
the swarro, leaving the old colony so discour-
aged that all thought of swarming will gener-
ally be abandoned.

3. About once in 10 days; but remember
that cutting out cells will not make sure work
of preventing swarming. It will generally
only postpone it.

4. One; there is no advantage in two; and
the disadvantage that the bees must keep
warm empty space unnecessarily.

5. Find out by actual inspection; lift out
the frames and see how much honey is pres-
ent; then give them quite a bit more than you
think they need. After they begin flying in
spring, 5 pounds of honey may carry them
through to the harvest, but if you give them
10 it will not be wasted.

6. Put on queen-traps as soon as you think
there is any danger of swarming; in your
part of Wisconsin it will probably be about
as soon as white clover begins to bloom.

//

(£xtractcb"

Why Some Bee-Keepers Succeed and
Some Do Not

I am asked every now and then why so
many people go out of the bee-business every
year. In the first place, I do not admio the
implied condition of affairs as stated in the
question. They say to me that the bee-busi-
ness can not be a very profitable one or it
must have a great many more unusal draw-
backs than most other kinds of business. I
do not believe the number of those who drop
out of the bee-business is any greater in pro-
portion than in many other lines of trade in
the mercantile world. It must be remembered
that hundreds of people become interested in
honey-producing and queen-breeding each
year, and they represent all classes and char-
acters of humanity, from the school-boy to
the aged invalid. Many of them have made
failures in numerous callings of life, hence
they are attracted to the bee-bus!ness and
think it a very easy one; and the result is,
another failure to be recorded in the chapter
of misfortune. Those who go into the bee-
business with this idea seldom succeed, be-
cause they are woefully ignorant in regard
to the elements necessary to success, and are
not willing to give the work the attention
and money which it ofttimes needs.

Looking at the bee-business from the view
of dollars and cents, it should be borne in
mind that capital and experience are neces-
sary for success unless one is willing to start
in a small way and is satisfied to wait till the
business can be established on a paying basis,
which can not be done in Qne season. 1 know
of no other vocation in which those interested
expect as great returns in so short a time,
and with so little outlay, as with the honey-
bee. They seem to look on it as an easy, get-
rich-quick proposition — that the bees board
themselves and work for nothing, and they
are to take in the proceeds thereof; then if
their expectation is not fulfilled they are quite
apt to condemn the business because this class
of people have failed at it. On the other hand ,
investigation shows that the man and not
the bees are at fault. Many who become inter-
ested as queen-breeders, either as a fad or for
profit, do so Willi a very faint idea of what is
required to reach the point at which they are
aiming. The greatest stumbling-block istheir
lack of knowledge of the principles of queen-
breeding.

This need not be the case, because we can

all learn ; but the trouble with many lies in
their unwillingness to learn. I know people
who take the bee-journals but never read them.
I also know others who keep bees and will
not take a bee-journal. They either ridicule
the idea of any special study being required,
or they are too tired mentally to become suffi-
ciently interested. History repeats itself
again, and another man goes out of the bee-
business. The fact of the matter is, the bee-
business is a full-Hedged one, worthy of the
talent and time of our best men and women,
both of whom must have a certain degree of
intelligence and business judgment, and, un-
fortunately, there are many people who get
into the bee-business who do not fit this des-
cription ; and, in short, the bee-keeping fra-
ternity asked what made them go out. If
every one who goes into the bee-business were
successful it would be utterly impossible for
the business to have reached its present mag-
nitude. Make up your mind what your cir-
cumstances will permit you to do, and live up
to your determination at any cost, i'our will-
power depends upon it.

Thousands of little bee-plants and a few big
ones sprang up with the green of last spring;
and thousands of little bee-plants and a few
big ones will go down with the same green,
under the frost and ice this winter. Whether
your little enterprise will hardly survive the
gray, cold winter, and be ready and eager to
flourish again in the spring, or be steeped in
destitution, and be set down as a failure, re-
mains entirely with you. Why not obey con-
science and tell the truth? The old adage,
"There is no royal road to success," applies
to the bee-business just as well as to the other
vocations in life. .— C. E. Woodwabd, in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

A System of Comb-Honey Production

To the veterans there may be nothing new
in what I am about to tell, but the beginner
may get some hints. The system that I am
about to describe is one that I followed for
years, hence it will be practice instead of
theory that will be given.

When the yield comes on from white clover
the brood-nests become crowded, and the bees
begin to whiten the upper edges of their
combs with new wax, I put on the supers
with bait-sections saved over from the previ-
ous year. As soon as the first super is from
}'2 to -:; full, I raise it and put under it an-
other super with sections full of foundation.
When the super last added is about half com-
pleted, I raise both supers and put another
next the hive. Usually, by the time the third
super is half full, the top one is finished, or
suffleiently so to be taken off. I would re-
move it even if one or two sections in each
corner were not quite complete. These partly
finished sections I would put into a super un-
til I had one full, when I would give it back
to the bees.

This method of tiering-up is continued un-
til the end of the season. As the season draws
to a close, I am careful about giving too much
super-room. If I feel that a colony ought to
have more room, I put another super on top.
The bees will go on and complete the sections
next the hive, just about the same as though
the super had not been added on top, and, if
the flow does continue, it will overflow into
this upper super.

When a colony swarms it is hived in a con-
tracted brood-nest on the old stand, and the
supers transferred from the old hive to the
new. Only 5 Langstrolh frames are used in
the brood-nest, or only one section of the
Heddon hive, and starters only are used in the
frames, a queen-excluder keeping the queen
out of the sections. If such severe contrac-
tion causes 6warmine:-out, I give a full-sized
brood-nest for 8 or 4 days until the swarming-
fever has worn of, when the contraction is
put in force. The old colony is placed by the
side of the swarm for a week and then moved
to a new location. Usually this prevents
after-swarms, and helps to boom the colony
where the sections are. It the swarm comes
off early in the season, it is possible that the
old colony will store some surplus, otherwise
it becomes a most excellent colony for winter-
ing, having abundance of good stores, and a
young, vigorous queen.

At the end of the season I unite the colo-

nies that have been contracted. In this way,
we get one colony of increase from two colo-
nies, and all of the white honey in the supers
where it can be sold at the highest price. —
W. Z. Hutchinson, in the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view.

Keports anb
(Sxpcrtences

Honey Crop a Failure

The honey crop is a total failure here this
year. Some bee-keepers had to feed sugar to
keep their bees alive. From 1500 colonies I
did not have 1000 pounds of surplus honey.
It was the very worst season I have expe-
rienced in the 15 years of my bee-keeping.
Bert W. Hopper.

Rocky Ford, Colo., Nov. 14.

Amount of Winter Stores

I note what Mr. C. P. Dadant says, on page
759, about 5 to 10 pounds of honey to winter
a colony, I would be pleased to winter mine
on 10 pounds, but perhaps he means barely to
survive the winter. Still, I think it insuffi-
cient ; at any rate, in any part of New Eng-
land. Of course, if we have a very light col-
ony it might be all right, but with an ordi-
nary sized one I would not dare to risk it. I
have always wintered my bees in the cellar,
so I speak from that.

I want at least 20 pounds, and then I find
that, when spring comes, before they can
gather anything there is very little left, and
sometimes I have to feed. Our winters, I sup-
pose, are more severe than Mr. Dadant's, and
that may account for it, but that will knock
some of our theories in the head where the
bees consume 200 or 300 pounds per colony in
a year.

In putting my bees in the cellar last fall, I
had 6 light colonies that I placed on top of
the rest, where I could watch them, and I do
not think any one of them had over 10 pounds.
About the middle of February I placed a
pound section of honey on each, and two of
them worked up to it immediately, which
showed they were about out ; the others came
later. With the first two I gave three more
sections, and when I set them out the last of
March it was nearly gone, and I found no
honey in the hive below.

My cellar is under the house, and the bees
in a room partitioned off purposely, and al-
ways warm, as there is a furnace near by.

Let me have at least 20 pounds of good win-
ter stores for mine; it is none too much in
this " locality " where bees are in the cellar
from 4 to 5 months; and if they should have
a little left, it will all be needed before fruit-
bloom arrives. I always think it is safer to err
on the right side than to be always wonder-
ing if the bees have enough to get through
with, or how many I am going to lose for
want of stores. A. W. Yates.

Hartford, Conn., Nov. ".

A Variety of Wormwood

I enclose a sprig of a plant which grows all
over the mountains in this section. It is in
bloom during May, June, and into July. This
sample was taken to-day (No». 4), and it was
in bloom. Bees work on it when in bloom.
What is it! Is it a good honey-producing
plant? W. A. Price.

Railroad Flat, Calif.

[The plant you send is a variety of the
wormwood, I think, but I am not able to tell
the species, or whether it is a good honey-
plant. As bees generally work where they
can get honey, it is safe to say that this is all
right; but possibly a little strong, owing to
the pungent odor of the plant. — C. L.
Walton.]

Nov. 50. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

829

r Wisconsin Basswood Sections
And Prompt Shipments
Is what we are making for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE nARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Apiary Positions Wanted

I wish to hear from those who hire help in the
apiary, as ray daughter (17) and I would like a
position the coming' season. Experience of 10
years. States preferred, Oreg-on and California.

Address, MRS. I. J. HENRY.

48Alt Rt. I. Braddyville, Iowa.

fcD eje9.£ X3 oj 9 mojj isibi pay.

^ Pat'dl87S, "83, '03 & lltOB

Otisvtlle, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

LOSS BY LICE

CD poultry amouaistomany times

the cost of Lambert's Death to

Lice— the sure preventive. Loss

can be saved and profit made by

its use. Frees sitting: hens from

lice without harming eggs or

chicks. A trial 10c box will

prove it. 100 cz.. by e.\press. JI.OU.

O. K, STOCK FOOD CO..

D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.

406 Monon Bld^., Cblcaeo, 111.

Bee Journal nrhen ^vritlng.

IO-80 F«r
tC 200 Egq
JNCUBATOR

f'erfect in I'ODatmctlon &dii
^tlon. Iiat<^he3 every fertUc
egg. Write for cat&log to-di;

GEO. H. STAHL, Qutn«7

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National Convention, Dec. 19, 20, 21.

— Another slight postponement of the Na-
tional convention seems to be unavoidable.
The Fat Stock Show, upon which we have
depended for reduced rates on the railroads,
has been postponed two weeks. The reason
given is " the inability of the builders of the
amphitheater to secure structural steel for
the same," and they don't wish to hold the
show out-of-doors, hence the delay. Of course
there will be no excursion rates during the
first week in December, and, as it would be
suicidal to attempt to hold a convention with-
out excursion rates, the Executive Committee
has decided to postpone the convention two
weeks in order to take advantage of the Fat
Stock Show rates. The dates for the conven-
tion will now be Dec. 19, 30 and 21, 1905.

The place of meeting has also been changed
to Brunt Hall, in the Bush Temple of
Music, corner of North Clark Street and
Chicago Avenue (entrance on Clark Street.)
This was done because it was feared that the
accommodations at the Revere House might
prove too limited. The Chicago bee-keepers,
with their customary enterprise and liberality,
will pay for the use of the Hall. It is only
5 minutes walk north from the Revere House,
Southeast corner N. Clark and Michigan 8ts.,
which will be headquarters for the members.
This new place of meeting is in a new build-
ing where everything is modern. There are
adjoining committee rooms, toilet rooms,
good drinking water, and elevator service
both day and night.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

44A26t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold a social session at
the Revere House, Dec. 19, 1905, at 10 a.m. At
3 p.m. the same day will be held the regular

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the

following prices:

3.,-lb. Tip-Top .fars— case ol 24 doz., $8.00;
3 cases, $23.00.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
f5.25; 3 cases for •?15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

Ian°d.^ Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inoh Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any ;
good as new. If interested write for price.

50 boxes good 3nd-hand 5gal. Tin Cans, 3
in a box — 10 boxes for $i 00.

When sending for sample jars include 15
cents each to cover postage, etc.

YORK HONEY l~°p«L^v^ CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

annual election of officers. Any other busi-
ness coming before the meeting will be at-
tended to. All who are accustomed to pay-
ing their dues to our Association, thereby
getting two memberships for the price of one,
will please hand the $1 to the secretary, or
mail it to him as usual. The time in the
evening will he given to the National, as will
also the whole of the two following days.
Every one islcordially invited to be present,
both at the short sessions of the Chicago-
Northwestern, and at the "-Session meeting of
the National Association.

Herman F. Moorb, Sec.

Park Ridge, 111.

N. B. — Any one paying their dues to the
National Association direct, will have to pay
another dollar to the Chicago-Northwestern,
if it is desired to become a member of the
latter organization also. Hand your dues to
H. F. Moore, the Secretary. H. F. M.

New Yor]£ Bee-Keepers' Institutes.

— A series have been arranged to be held in
New York State as follows: Amsterdam,
Deo. 11, 1905; Syracuse, Dec. 12; Watertown,
Dec. 13; Fulton, Dec. 14; Auburn, Dec. 15;
Romulus. Dec. 16; Geneva, Dec. 18 and 19.
Dr. E.F. Phillips, Acting in Charge of Apicul-
ture, United States Department of Agricul-
ture, will attend and address these Institutes
on subjects pertaining to bee-keeping.
Romulus, N. Y. C. B. Howard, Sec.

Minnesota. — On account of the change in
time of holding the National Convention at
Chicago, the Minnesota State Bee Keepers'
Association has decided to hold its annual
convention as usual — Dec. 6 and 7, 1905, in
the First Unitarian Church, in St. Paul.

Mr9. W. S. Wingate, Sec.

The New York State Association of
Bee-Keepers' Societies will hold its annual
meeting at Geneva, N.Y., at the Nester Hotel,
Monday and Tuesday, Deo. 18 and 19, 1905.
New and interesting subjects are to be intro-
duced and discussed at this meeting, and all
bee-keepers of New York State should make
arrangements to be present. Ciood and rea-
sonable accommodations have been secured.
Headquarters will be at the Nester Hotel.

Romulus, N. Y. C. B. Howard, Sec.

New York.^A Bee-Keepers' Institute
will be held in the parlor of the Central
Hotel, Market Street, Amsterdam, N.Y., on
Monday, Dec. 11, 1905. This meeting will be
held under the direction of the Bureau of
Farmers' Institutes of New York Slate De-
partment of Agriculture, by the Fulton and
Montgomery Counties Bee-Keepers' Society,
assisted by the United States Department of
Agriculture. Dr. E. F. Philips, Acting in
Charge of Apiculture United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, is expected to be present
and address this meeting, and a good attend-
ance is much desired. T. I. Dugdale, Sec.

West Galway, N. Y.

7 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during December. Send for our Catalog-.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

THE

PENNSYLVANIA

SPECIAL

The Pioneer 18 Hour Train

CHICAGO TO NEW YORK

Leaves Chicago daily at - 3:45 p.m.

Union Station
Arrives New Yorl£ - 9:45 next a.m.

RBTCRNING

Leaves New York - 3:55 p.m.
Arrives Chicago - - 8:55 a.m.

Electric Lighted Throughout.

Compartment Observation Car — Club

Car and Standard Sleepers

Chicago to New York.

City Ticket Office, 248 S. Clark Street.

For detailed information address

C. L. KIMBALL

Assistant Gen. Passenger Agent,
No. 2 Sherman Street, CHICAGO

830

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 30, 190S

BEE-SUPPLIES

Everything the beekeeper needs. Distributing house for Lewis' Goods at Factory
Prices. Now is the time to buy for next season.

Cash Orders for regular Supplies before January,
• 7 percent Discount.

PINE EXTRACTED HONEY in cans or barrels. The best the world can produce.
Samples 8 cents, to pay poslage and packing. How much can you use? Prices quoted quick
on the quantity you mention.

We buy BEESWAX at all times in the year. Send for our Catalog and "Special"
— free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 East Wash. Street
INDIANAPOLIS, IND. •^••^ •^•!>

•J-*

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

I*et us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Casta.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

<< It Is continuous advertising
that impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

A $4.00 Clock for $2.50

Wim tlie Weekly flmerlcan Bee Journal 1 year— all tor only $3.

The

Finest

Christinas

Gift

You

Could

Nalie

to

Anyone

i^^fa^ijjfa^

Ougiit
to be
in the
Home
of every
Bee-
Keeper
in the
Land

THE BEE=HIVE CLOCK

Only $2.50, f.o.b. Chicago, by express. Weight, with' packing, about 4 lbs.
Ready for delivery Dec. 15.

We have had made specially for our readers, a bronze-metal Clock, called " The Bee-
Hive Clock." It is about 8 inches wide at the base, about 10 inches high, and deep enough
at the base to stand firmly on a mantel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of work, and would
be both ornamental and very useful in any house, and particularly in a bee-keeper's home.

The clock part itself is warranted for 3 years to keep good time. So it is no plaything,
but a beautiful and needful article for everybody.

Clocks like " The Bee Hive Clock " usually sell in the stores at from §4.00 to $5,00 each,
but having them made for us in large quantities enables us to offer them at .$2 50 each by ex-
press, or with the Weekly American Bee Journal a year— both for only S3. 00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

We expect to begin lilling orders by Dec. 15, 1905, so the Clocks will arrive at destina-
tions in time for Christmas, if so desired. Here is something that surely is appropriate for
bee-keepers— "The Bee-Hive Clock." Better get your order in quick— first come first served
out of the first lot of Clocks.

■ Sample copy of the Weekly American Bee Journal free.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Send all orders to

How to Get " Tlie Bee-Hive Ciocli " FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the Weekly American Bee Journal for one year, at
Jl.OO each, and we will send you this beautiful " Bee-Hive Clock " FKEE (excepting express
charges). Or, send us 4 New Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and .50 cents — $4.50 in all. Or,
3 New Subscribers (at f 1.00 each) and .*;1.00— S4.00 in all. Or, a New Subscribers (at
.$1.00 each) and .51.50— #3 ."lO in all.

Remember, we expect to begin to fill Clock orders Dec. 15, so as to have them reach those
who order in good time for Christmas.

i2l\ honey- jars

The No. 25 Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tight, boldingr One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipptngf-cases of one gross
each:

I gross lots $4.S0 per eross

S " " 4.U0

Alio in strong RE-SHlPPINO CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom — a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

S " 95 "

10 " -90 "

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

S case lots, per case, 3 doz 85c

10 " " " SOc

20 " " " 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

MILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 &, 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

For Sale-

25.000 Lbs.r"''"

' ripened

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound lor the lot, or 6}^c

for less, F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

Until further notice, finebt quality new crop
California Water White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new-
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam
pies, and state quantity yoti want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN
265 & 267 Greenwich tstreet. New York, N.Y
. 34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

New Comb Honey-Crop of 1905

We believe it would [)ay those having it in car
lots or otherwise to write us. Give us your low-
est ppot cash prices, and fully describe the
goods and styleof package; when you can ship,,
etc. We handle more of these goods than any
other firm in the U.S. Yours for business,
THOS. C STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaaS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Big Discounts
on Bee=Supplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1 — 10 percent

N ov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 *' March 1 . . . . 4

Jan. I 7 " I April 1 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.

Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38 At f Please mention the Bee Journal.

•►PURE ALFALFA^

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Alfalfa.

IIOI^ET in 60-pound cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 3 cans,
boxed, at S}4 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans at
one time, 8 cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by. mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address.

YORK HONEYl'u^PP^L^v^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Alention Bee Journal irhen ^rriting.

Nov. 30. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

831

LowestPrices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 '■

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 6 "

" March 1 4

" April 1 2

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL, KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for 15 years (monthly,
50c a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAriESTOWN.N. Y.
Mention Bee Journal vrhen Trrltins*

4- Secsipax-f

Chicago, Nov. 17.— There has been a steady
trade in honey to the small dealers who usually
lay in a little stock at this time of the year.
Prices are practically unchanged. The fancy
grades of white comb bring I4(^15c; that which
is a little off l@2c less; amber grades, 10(§*I2c;
dark and damaged lots, 7@10 cents. Extracted,
white. 6@7)^c; amber, 6@7c. Beeswax steady
at 30c. R. A. BuRNBTT A Co.

Kansas City, Oct. •>.— The honey market
here at present is very strong ai $3.25 per case
for No. 1 and fancy white comb in 24-section
cases; amber and other grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at 6Hc. Beeswax, 3Sc.

C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 2*.— The demand for comb
honey is relaxing to some extent, owing to the
majority of the trade being well supplied. All
fears of a comb honey famine have been al-
layed. We quote fancy white comb honey at
14@16c. Extracted honey is in fair demand.
Quote amber at 5}i@bHc, according to the pack-
age and quality. Fancy white and white clover
extracted at GJ^fS'S^.c. We are paying 2Njic per
pound delivered here for choice yellow beeswax.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, w ho mtstakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

Thb Fred W.MnxH Co.

ToLBDO, Oct. 17— The honeyjmarket remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the sameas
last quotattona. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6Ji@6J4c;
amber, in barrels, 5@5Kc; in cans, Ic to l^c
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

New York, Nov. 17.— There is a fair demand
for all grades of white as well as buckwheat,
and receipts are about sufficient to meet the de-
mand. Prices are unchanged. We quote:
Fancy white, at 14@15c; No. 1, at 12^13c; am-
ber, at ll@12c; buckwheat, at Wq II cents. Ex-
tracted honey: Market is well stocked with
California, which is coming along in large
quantities. The demand is fair, mostly in

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

7 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

Wt ^ DECEMBER ^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER '="

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

small-sized lots. Prices remain about the same,
5H@6Hc per pound, according to quality and
quantity. Southern in barrels at 52@57c per
gallon. New crop West Indian is now begin-
ning to arrive and is selling at from 60@63c per
gallon. Beeswax firm at 28(s 30c per gallon,

HlLDRBTH aC SbOBLKEN

Philadelphia, Nov. 20.— The demand has
been very good for honey iu the past 10 days.
In fact, it takes a little sharp, cool weather to
get people started, and when they do start, the
demand continues for some months. We would
say, now is the height of the honey season. We
quote, in a jobbing wav: Fancy comb, iSui 17c;
No. 1, 13f^l5c; amber, 12@13c. Extracted, fancy
white, 7(«Sc; amber, 6Hc. Bees'wax firm at 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sslsbr.

Albany, N.Y.. Nov. 8.— Our honey market is
in healthy condition; demand good; receipts
about equal to demand. Prices are not quite as
high as last year, but the tendency has been to
work off the hooey before cold weather, and we
think the crop has come forward more than
usual this season, which is a good sign. We
quote; Fancy whice clover, 15c; A No. 1, 14c;
No. 1, I3c; buckwheat, fancy, 13c; A No. 1,12c;
No, 1, ll@12c; straight buckwneat is wanted in
this market. Extracted, quiet: white, 7^c;
mixed, (iHc'y buckwheat, 6Hc. Beeswax scarce
at 30c. H. R. Wright.

Ineiaxapolis, Nov. 7.— There is a tendency
for higher prices on best grades of honey. The
demand for strictly fancy white comb hooey
exceeds the supply. Demand for lower grades
of comb honey not good. Numerous shipments

of honey arriving, but no one producer seems to
have very great quantities to offer. I quote
fancy white at 15(Sil6c; No. I in poor demand at
12c, and amber dull atlOc. Best grade extracted
brings 8@9c in 60-lb. cans; amber slow at 5c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. Walter S. Pouder.

Denver, Nov. 11. — No, 1 white comb honey,
per case of 24 sections, $3.35; No. 1 light amber,
J3.oo; No. 2, S2 50@3.C0. Extracted honey, 6%
@7 cts. per pound. Supply is light and we
could make quick sales of consignments at
above figures. We pay 24c for clean, yellow
beeswax delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Nov. 17. — The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers io
the West keep the prices high. We quote as fol-
lows: Fancy water-while and No. 1 white clo-
ver, 14@loc; No. 2, 12(5 I4c. Extracted seems to
be more plentiful, and we quote same in barrels,
light amber, 5%@SHc; in cans, He more; white
clover, 7@8c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C. H.W. Webbf.

San Francisco, Nov. 15.— White comb. 1-lb,
sections, 8@Q cents; amber, 6@7c. Extracted,
water-white, 4ii@5c; white, 4Mf§^4*ic; light am-
ber, 3^@4 cents; amber, 3@3^c; dark amber,
2H@3c. Beeswax, good to choice, light, 2».@27c.

The situation remains about as reported be-
fore, with very little disposition on the part of
dealers to stock up at the present prices. The
regular handlers of honey are now busy with
other lines and for that reason honey is being
neglected. The present asking price is not at-
tractive enough to induce buying from a specu-
lative poiat of view.

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8e

TWO OR MORE CRATESj 7X
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. CINCINNATI. CASH WITH ORDER. SAMPLES 1 Oc»
TO PAY POSTAGE. y-.

THE FRED W. MUTH GO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI. OHIO.

SENOFORCATALOGOFBEE SUPPLIES WITH SPEcTaL DISCOUNT.

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey — Fancy white, Te; fancy
amber, 6'.>c ; '4C less in 5-ease lots or more.
C. C. CLEMONS & CO.
4Sitf KANSAS CITY, MO.

tlONEY AND BEE5WAX

WUen cousigaiaif, 1>uying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Watbr St. Chicago. III.

832 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Nov. 30, 190S

Watch this Space During the Convention

"ARND" You Going to the National Bee-Keepers'
Convention at Chicago Dee. 19, 20, 21 ?

Our Chicago Representative, Mr. H. M. Arnd,
will make you at home

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ing Convention and city. Respectfully,

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

" It Pays" to be the " Early Bird"
7 PEECENT

-FOR--

CASH ORDERS IN DECEMBER.

Send in your order for Bee-Supplies now. Time is flying and early-order discounts are fast diminishing. By placing your order with
us at this time you are not only realizing good interest on the money invested, but you will have your goods on hand all ready for use when
needed. Now is the time to nail up your hives, put together secdons, and get other goods in readiness for spring.

The following early-order discounts are allowed on all orders for Bee-Supplies accompanied by the cash.

7 percent during December 4 percent during February

6 " " January 2 " " Marcli

(I. B. LEWIS CO. -"iiir Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A..

National Bee=Keepers' Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19=21

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., DECEMBER 7, 1905

No. 49

Mr. Chas. Clarke and Apiary, Located in Cook Co., 111., (Mr. Clarxe's Father and Mother Standing Near the House )

(See page 839)

834

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 7. 1905

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BT

6E0RGE yi. YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE BTTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal fa
SI 00 a year. In the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, dO
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPER-LABBIi DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscrlptiOM is paid.
For instance, " decOS" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember.

STmSCRTPTION RECBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING BATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

Ist —To promote the interests of Its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their

3d.— Tcfenforce laws against the adulteration of

' Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

flAnpral Manager and Treasurer —

uenerai mauag ^ ^ fkance, Platteville, Wig.

4t

^T" If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
onblistaers of the American Bee JuumaU

The Honey-Producers' League

(iNCpRPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
adverttBtng.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
miBrepresentationa of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual lee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 2ii) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey-dealer, bee-supplydealer,bee-8upply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

Oborge W. YORK, Manager.

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

<< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder '

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Sliipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for tlie coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
■we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal vrben irrltlng.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving- entirely satisfactory re-
BultB. Comb foundation made easily and

?tiickl7 at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

I»"J.G. Goodaer, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay 125 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G,

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods at, Root's friCGS

Everythiag used by Bee- Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .*. .*. .". Catalog Free.

If you wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my
^-|^, free monthly price-list of honey.

^ Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE, and avail

jSt yourself of the following' very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

jg^ For cash orders before Dec. 1 . . 8 percent t For cash orders before Feb. 1 . . 6 percent

"^S? For cash orders before Jan. 1.. 7 percent | For cash orders beforeMar.l.. 4 percent '^9!^

j^j^ For cash orders befor e Apr. 1 . . 2 percent 4^

S WALTER S. rOUDER, 1

0 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 0

Tf?^T|T T#.«' f.^!^' '*!•■* '!•." <!••* *!•-* ".^f it-* '!•?' ".•.■ *?•.■ '?#.• '?•■■ *!•.■ >••■ 1^!^ 1^!^ ''ff." ''!#.• ''?•.'» ff." '.9?^ ''if.* >♦? ^RP^

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION r'^e BEST

Now is the time to prepare for next season.

If You Want to Save Money on Foundation, Working- Wax for Cash, and on a

full line of SUPPLIES, write for prices and discounts, and samples

of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co , Toronto, Ont., Agents for Canada.

The Bee and Honey Co., Befiville, Tex., Agents for Texas.

QUS. DITTMER,

Augusta, Wis.

Moneu SavBci is Money Made

Bee-Supplies bought NOW are subject to a generous discount from our regular low
prices. We do this to keep our factory busy. Send us a list of what you need and we
will make you a price by return mail that will convince you.

If you want a catalog that is more than a price-list — that contains valuable infor-
mation on bee-keeping — you must hurry to have your name placed on our mailing-list.
Only a limited number will be printed. It's free, of course.

JOHN DOLL &; SON,

Power Building, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

When attending the National Bee- Keepers'
Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19, 20, 21

COMK AND INSPECT

I.EWIS' BEE-TV ABE

AND MAKE YOUR HEADQUARTERS AT

YORK HONEY T.%^^^ CO. i^nl)

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

We are also Western Agents for

The Cornell Incubator Mfg. Company

H. M. aRND, Incubators, Brooders, and Poultry Supplies.

Mgr.
BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange— delivered here.
7 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN DECEMBER on Bee-Supplks

Dec. 7, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

835

"DADANT'S FOFIiDATION" i

4>

-AND-

BEE=SUPPUES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Gradb 1-lb. S-lbs.

Medium Brood SS S3. . .

Light Brood 57 55. . .

Thin Surplus 62 60. . .

Extra Thin Surplus. , .65 63. . .

10-lbs.
...51..
...53..
...58..
...61..

251bs. SO lbs.

...49 48

...51 SO

...56 55

...59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

•' October ■ 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January ' 6 "

" February 4 "

March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

BEE - SUPPLIES

Everything the bee-keeper needs. Distributing house for Lewis' Goods at Factory
I'rices. Now is the time to buy for next season.

Cash Orders for regular Supplies before January,
7 percent Discount.

FIXE EXTRACTED HONEY in cans or barrels. The best the world can produo e
Samples 8 cents, to pay postage. and packing. How much can you use? Prices quoted quick
on the quantity you mention.

We buy BEESAVAX at all times in the year. Send for our Catalog and "Special"
—free.

CIUI C/^r^T I O r^O 1004 East Wash. Street
■ IVI. Ov/V^ I I OC \^\Jm INDIANAPOLIS, IND. •^•^ •!■•;• -i-i-

M ■ Supplies ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest ^.

variety of everything Deeded in the ^'

Apiary, assuring best goods at lowest S^

prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Ilius- ^]

trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^

Write at onoe for Catalog, either English or German language. ^.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa. J;

AGENCIES ^

Trester Supply Co., Idncolo, Neo. I Fnlton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. £:

Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. | I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^"

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. ^

Slention Bee JoarnnI vrhen Trritlng.

If you want the Bee-Book

That C'lvers ibe whole Apirultural Field more

Lumplelelj ihad any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Bee-Reepers'
Early Discounts

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Before October 1 deduct 10 percent

Get §ew Snbscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

November 1 .
Decem ber 1 . .

.January 1

February 1. ..

March 1

April 1

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest Can take Honey and Beeswax
in exchange for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiBSDO, OHIO.

Blentlon Bee Jonrnal Trhen vrritins.

836

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURRAl.

Dec. 7, IWS

For 1906

Gleanings lu
Bee Culture
for 1906

We are bending every tfEurt to make Glean-
ings the best bee-paper ever issued. 1906 will be
the lianner year in our history. Beginning with
the Christmas number a great change will take
place. Frequent new cover designs. New de-
partment headings. Better paper. Better printing. More pages.
Our txcellent staff of contributors will be
maintained, and many splendid special articles
will be published.

Root's Goods
for 1906

I are

Half-Tone
Illustrations

During the past sum-
mer we have had a special
artist to take photo-
graphs for us. He has

traveled on our account alone the past sum-
mer over 4000 miles, and we can promise some

very fine pictures. Many of the Second Prize

Photo Contest, American and Foreign, will

appear soon. Our engravings are made by the

very Hnest engravers in the United States.

Just this wealth of illustration doubles the

value of the paper.

Advertisements ^se^fltTe "^^

class of advertisements it carries. Its sub-
scribers show their appreciation of the fact
by their liberally patronizing them. There
is no better medium in the United States for
those catering to the needs of the bee-keeper.
We now print 25.000 copies and yet with our
special edition (Dec. 15, 40,000) our old rates
hold good which were based on 20,000 circu-
lation. Gleanings gives its subscribeas and
advertisers full measure, pressed down and
running over.

, . With all those im-

SubSCriptiOn provements the price
Rates "'^' ^^ '■^^ same— $100

per year. We make a
special rate of 6 months trial for 25 cents to those who have never
taken Gleanings. You will find Gleanings listed in all principal club
offers. We make many special inducements. In fact, we are just
waiting tor YOU to do your part.

Our Hives

We are running at Medina and vicinity 5
queen-rearing yards, at other points 3 more. We
are prepared to furnish our celebrated Red Clover
stock, a stock that won a splendid reputation for

gathering honey from any source. We are also prepared to furnish

bees in nuclei and full colonies.

Our Bees

and Queens

Our Supplies for this year are of the same

quality and standard of workmanship that has

characterized our lines of previous years. Our

motto is: " Not how much, but how good."

In the matter of improvements it is generally conceded that we

the leaders. We are constantly testing out every new device in

our own yards and when it has stood the

test we place it before the public.

Our hives and equip-
ment, both for workman-
aud Sections ship and clearness of
stock, cannot be excelled
and we doubt if they have ever been equaled.
So strong is the demand for these goods that
there has been a strife in many cases among
dealers to get the Root Company's lines be-
cause they knew that everything that bears
the Root brand is always popular with the
customer and always the best that money and
brains can produce.

Our sections and frames for 1906 are even
better than ever. They are inspected and re-
inspected and each inspector is required to
put in each box of sections that he passes
upon his own inspector's card so that it com-
plaint is made this card will come back on
him. As he is anxious to hold his position
and if possible get an increase in pay. it is"
clearly to his interest as well as that of the
customer to let nothing but perfect goods pass.

Our extractors for 1906
in point of improvements
and quality of workman-
ship leaves everything else
in the shade. The 4, 6 and
S frame machines have the finest automatic
reversing mechanism that has ever been put
into a machine. Even the two-frame models
can have the reversing mechanism put on at
a slight additional cost; but we do not ordi-
narily advise buying the two-frame automatic. Steel construction
has been substituted for cast-iron wherever practicable.

It will be a great improvement. A pleasing
Our Catalog new cover design. Entirely revised and rewritten.
for 1906 .Many new illustrations. The new arrangement of

matter will be especially welcome by many. Every
thing is classified. All Bodies, Supers, etc., together. The prices are
under each article described and illustrated, thus doing away with
price-tables. Beginning Dec. 15 our catalog goes on the press for the ■
first run of a solid 3 weejis, day and night. It you want a copy of this
first edition let us have your name at once.

The Root

Automatic

Extractors

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY

Medina, Ohio

144 Erie St., Ghicaoo

10 Vine St., PtiiladelDhia

44 Veseu St., New yorl(

^ Mnmwamm^^^mmi^\

▼ ▼ T W

(Entered lU the IN'St-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matterj
PubUshed Weekly at $1.00 a Year by Oeorge W^. York A. Co., 334 Wearborn St.

(JBORQE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, DECEMBER 7, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 49

=^

(Sbitorial IXoks
anb (Eoininents

J

Mice in Bee-Hives in Winter

A mouse will do a lot of mischief in a hive in winter.
Not so much the amount of honey eaten, but the tearing
down of beautiful worker-combs. Neither would the holes
made in the combs count for so much if the bees would fill
them up again with worker-comb ; but they're just about
sure to fill them up with drone-comb. To be sure, the bee-
keeper can put in patches of worker comb, either before or
after the bees have filled the holes with drone-comb, but it
is a troublesome thing, and so many other things are to be
done that it is likely to be neglected, and many a pound
less of honey is secured in the harvest because of the honey
used in rearing useless drones, and the honey they consume
after they are reared.

Plenty of cats will help, and in the cellar traps and
poison may be used. In any case, whether in cellar or out-
doors, one th"ing may be done that acts by way of preven-
tion, and indirectly by way of cure. It is to have the hive-
entrances mouse-tight. Close them with wire-cloth three
meshes to the inch, and they are just as open as ever for
the bees, but closed to the mice. Of course you may fasten
a mouse in a hive by doing so ; but that is better than let-
ting him have the free run of the hive. Most of the time
the bees are so nearly dormant that a mouse is monarch of
all he surveys ; then comes a time of stirring up, and Mr.
Mouse runs out of the hive to get out of the way, only to
return or enter some other hive when matters settle down.
But if the entrance is closed he can not get out of the way,
and the bees make it so hot for him that in spring you will
find a dead mouse in the hive.

Missouri Bee-Keepers Walking Up

We have received from Robt. A. Holekamp, Secretary
of the Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association, 4263 Vir-
ginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo., some printed matter which has
been prepared by him and issued by the Missouri State
Board of Agriculture especially for circulation among the
bee-keepers of Missouri. It is Mr. Holekamp's aim to keep
up this kind of propaganda among the bee-keepers in the

hope that it may induce many who are now using bos-hives
to become modern, progressive beekeepers.

The 16-page bulletin contains much valuable informa-
tion for the bee-keepers of Missouri. Much space is devoted
to the treatment of foul brood. The bulletin is illustrated,
and should create much interest in bee-keeping in that
great and growing State. A copy can be had by applying
to Geo. B. Ellis, Secretary of the Missouri State Board of
Agriculture, Columbia, Mo.

It is the intention of the Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association to present a Bill before the next Legislature,
providing for inspectors of apiaries ; also a Bill providing a
heavier penalty for the sale of any article under the name
of honey which is not the unadulterated product of the
honey-bee.

Every member of the State Association is asked to con-
sider himself a committee of one to form a bee-keepers' club
in his county. There is such a club in St. Louis, which has
27 members. Of course, every club member is also a mem-
ber of the State Bee-Keepers' Association. Monthly club
meetings are held. It is expected that not only will the
production of honey be stimulated by such clubs, but that
the consumption of honey will also be increased.

A larger income is needed by the Association to carry
on the work already planned. Taking it all together, the
Missouri bee-keepers seem to have made a good start along
the line of improving their organization. Much of this
is doubtless due to the activity of Mr. Holekamp, who seems
to be a tireless worker for the greater progress and pros-
perity of all the bee-keepers of Missouri.

"Disagreeable Peculiarities" of <'Best" Bees

The subject of black bees vs. Italians seems to be up
for discussion again, and as on most subjects each side has
its advocates. One of our anti-black readers sends this
comment on a remark made by " Afterthinker " Hasty :

Mr. Editor : — On page 795, I find the following written
by the man who thinks after :

" One may refuse to keep certain bees because of dis-
agreeable peculiarities, and at the same time claim that
they are really the best bees."

I wonder if Mr. Hasty would have written that if he
had done his thinking before writing in place of after.
There may, however, be another way of accounting for it.
Our " Afterthinker " lives in Ohio, and somewhere in the
neighborhood of the time in which that was written there
was a very exciting election, and the friends of one Herrick
were offering drinks at marked-down prices. Can it be that
our usually wary "Afterthinker," temporarily persuaded
by bargains in tanglefoot, should have imbibed so much

838

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 7, 190S

that his beclouded brain could not discern that " peculiari-
ties," whether " disagreeable " or otherwise, are among the
things that can not be counted out in taking an inventory
of the qualities that go to make up the character of a bee ?
If I understand him correctly, he says :

" Blacks are the best bees, but I refuse to keep them
because of a disagreeable peculiarity in their style of run-
ning when handled." To which I reply, " Yes, blacks are
really the best bees, but they have the disagreeable pecu-
liarity that they don't put up as good a fight against rob-
bers and moths as do Italians and hybrids ; also that they
don't store as much honey as others, and a few other little
peculiarities which make me refuse to keep them, although
they are really the best bees." Anti-Black.

Width of Sections in England

In this country 1% inches prevails, in England prob-
ably 2 inches. At a meeting of the British Bee-Keepers'
Association, reported in the British Bee Journal, the ques-
tion of adopting a standard width came up. After an ani-
mated discussion, the resolution in the following form,
" That it is desirable, in the opinion of this meeting, that
there should be a standard section recognized by the British
Bee-Keepers' Association, namely, 4'4x4'4x2 inches," was
submitted to the meeting, and carried by a majority of seven .

Fastening Foundation in Frames

In this country saw-kerfs to receive foundation in top-
bars are generally made only in top-bars Ji an inch thick
or thicker, the kerf being only ji inch deep, and not mate-
rially afifecting the strength of the top-bar. In England
top-bars }i thick are sawed entirely in two, and complaint
is made that the top-bar is thus weakened to tke extent of
10 percent. But this gives opportunity for a special plan
of fastening thus given in the British Bee Journal :

" My own simple plan is to press the top edge of the
sheet between my thumb and forefinger; when thus flat-
tened the foundation slips easily into the saw-cut, and is
pushed so far through as to project slightly on the upper
side of the top-bar, then run a hot poker along the project-
ing edge, and the sheet of wax is made perfectly secure."

ITtisccIIaneous
Hctps V 3 terns

^

J

Canadian Beedom is a new department of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal this week — or, rather, an old department
revived — with Mr. Morley Pettit as conductor, or editor.
Mr. Pettit is well known to bee-keepers of Canada, although
one of the younger generation of bee-folks. His crop, the
past season, was 40,000 pounds of extracted honey. Having
produced that amount in one season in Canada should give
him the right to speak on bee-culture with at least some
authority.

We trust that our Canadian readers will help Mr. Pettit
to make their department as interesting and valuable as
possible.

A 20-Page Number is this week's American Bee Jour-
nal. It is our expectation to make it a 20 page paper from
now until July 1, 1906, and then 16 pages until Dec. 1. This
plan is begun on account of the extra advertising patronage
and also extra demand for general reading space during the
first six months of the year. Also, from July 1 to Dec. 1
most bee-keepers are very busy with work aside from bee-
keeping, so that they have scarcely time to read so much
bee-literature.

By the way, the extra pages each week are furnished at
no extra charge to the subscribers. We are pretty familiar
with the current bee-literature of the day, and, really, we
think it would be rather diSicult to find a bigger and better
dollar's worth of apiarian information than we give in
52 copies of the Weekly American Bee Journal each year.

The Apiary of Clias. Ciarke, of Chicago, 111., appears
on the first page this week. The year after the Chicago
fire the Clarkes located and built at Washington Heights

Some 3000 or 4000 pounds of Mr. Clarke's 1905 Honey Crop, as it ap eared in his Honey-House.

Dec. 7, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

839

The sons have grown up on the old homestead, one a school
teacher, one a member of the Board of Trade, and the third
the cashier for a large candy company and also a bee-
keeper known to many in Chicago. The parents have had
a wedded life of 53 years. Mr. Clarke, Sr., has been hon-
ored by reappointment as judge in Chicago four successive
terms of four years each, and never had a case reversed by
the higher courts. He was a professor of geology in the old
Chicago University, and an active member of various liter-
ary and scientific societies.

Mr. Chas. Clarke has a great many visitors from the
kindergarten schools, and his bees have always been on
their good behavior when the children are around, and have
never stung any of them.

Mr. Clarke is a firm believer in racking up honey in a
hot room, for 30 to 40 days, when having any sweet clover
in it, as his honey-room will show by the picture herewith.
He is a crank on foul brood, and willing to prove at any
time the responsibility of the queen for same. He com-
menced with 2 colonies in 1895, and his bees had the first
dose of foul brood that summer. The third year saw him
with 8 colonies, and 7 out of 8 took the disease, which taught
him a valuable lesson.

Mr. Clarke generally doubles up his apiary to 50 or 60
colonies in fall.

He is engaged all day at the office, but always finds time
to have a good flower-garden, and values highly the reputa-
tion of having well-behaved bees by neighbors 50 feet
away, never having had a complaint.

Mr. C. imports his own breeding queens, and tries at
all times to have quiet stock and good honey-cappers, as he
runs for comb honey only, and always marks a hive where
the capping is poor, so that he can change the queen, as
poor capping for him makes 3 cents a pound difi^erence on
the honey. He has seen some poor crops, and has fed up
to July 1, and also has had good crops, averaging one year
182 pounds per colony, spring count, and allowed only a
very small increase.

Mr. Clarke's family came from a long line of ancestry.
The loom for weaving silks is named from his mother's
family. It was invented by Sir John Loomes. Mrs.
Clarke has in her possession specimens of brocaded silk
200 years old, of great value. The first steam plow was in-
vented by his mother's brother. Mr. Clarke, Sr., came from
old intellectual stock, his uncle. Archdeacon Clarke being,
as a young man, tutor to the King of Hayti, and latterly
Archdeacon of Antiqua, of the West Indies.

Mr. Chas. Clarke, the beekeeper, has never married,
but lives with his aged and honored parents at the lovely
old home shown in the first-page picture.

tT

"EggStPa"-Good Eggs are what we received recently
— several dozen of them — from Mrs. Dr. C. C. Miller, of
Marengo, 111. When we arrived home one evening we found
that quite a large box had come to our house by express.
Mrs. York had taken it in, and insisted that we open it be-
fore supper, to see what it contained. (A woman's curiosity
is simply wonderful, isn't it ?) We did so, and there were
over 5 dozen of just the finest, largest, brownest hens'-eggs
you ever saw. It seemed like Easter-time when we lived on
the farm and used to hide eggs in the granary or barn, and
then bring them in on Easter morning. But those Marengo
eggs are fine, and greatly appreciated by " ye editor " and
his good "frau." Thank you, Mrs. Miller.

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

"\

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(Eanabtan
4^23ccbom-f

Conilucied by Moklet Tettit. Villa Nova. <")nl.

A Department for Canadians

J

It is with pleasure that I am undertaking, at the request
of " Ye Editor-in-Chief," to say something weekly to
Canadian bee-keepers about themselves, and to others about
Canadian bee-keeping. We have not the sunny climate of
the South in our beloved country — " Our Lady of the
Snows " — but we have the sunshine just the same, and we
have, what is more than that, the clear, bracing winter air

MORLEY PETTIT

which clears the brain and sets the blood coursing through
the veins in a most exhilarating manner. Further than
that, it frees the land for a time of insect pests which thrive
in the South during 12 months in the year.

Foul Brood Inspection

Ontario bee-keepers are said to have the best foul brood
law in existence ; but we are not satisfied, as the Hon. Nel-
son Monteith, Minister of Agriculture, said in addressing
the convention, if we considered we had attained an ideal
we should make no further progress. To attain the highest
good one must not be satisfied, nor dissatisfied, but unsatis-
fied. Ontario beekeepers are thus with regard to the Foul
Brood Act. We feel fairly sure that we have the most skill-
ful inspector that can be found, but the work is too great
for him. Accordingly, a resolution was put through the
convention, asking the Minister of Agriculture to pass, at
the coming session of the Ontario Legislature, amendments
to the Foul Brood Act, whereby the Province shall be divided
into three districts, with three inspectors, one to reside in
each district. This is to come in force at the next annual
convention, and in the meantime the old inspector holds
office.

Canadian Bee-Keepers in Jamaica

Speaking of the South, suggests Jatnaica— that bee-
keepers' paradise " to which several of our prominent bee-
keepers were looking for an escape from the long peritjd in
which Canadians are deprived of the pleasure of seeing bees
fly and gather nectar. Great stories had become current of

840

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 7. 1905

300 pound averages, delightful climate, and the like, until
Arthur Laiug of Hamilton, R. H. Smith of St. Thomas,
and Jacob Alpaugh of Gait, could resist no longer, but
made the venture of the trip last winter. The rest of us —
more cautious — are now reaping the benefit of their experi-
ence. At the Ontario bee-keepers' convention in Toronto,
Nov. 15 to 17, Mr. Laing gave his experience.

The advantages of Jamaica bee-keeping, as set forth
by Mr. Laing, are principally cheap labor — wages being
about 25 cents per day, without board. On the other hand
are expensive and inadequate transportation, starvation
period during several months in which bees steadily dwindle
and fall a prey to the ravages of moths and ants ; honey
prices about 2j4 cents per pound, and an average yield of
25 pounds per colony.

Mr. Laing also mentioned confidentially, fit as, and, if
my memory serves me rightly, land crabs, ticks, scorpions,
lizards, and other household pets too numerous to mention.
In fact, all considered, it was quite evident Mr. Laing came
away with a bad impression of Jamaica for bee- keeping.

Ventilating Hives

It is pretty well established that large hive-entrances
are the thing in the honey season ; but not so many will
admit, or have ever thought of the advantage of super ven-
tilation. I can not remember when my father, S. T. Pettit,
did not put 3 or 4 strips ^i-inch square and about 4 inches
long lengthwise on the oack end of 3 or 4 top-bars in the
extracting super. They projected 'i inch, and held up the
back edge of the quilt and cushion to admit air to the super
in hot weather. That was one of the things I could not get
around at first when changing from cushion and gable
cover to the flat cover packed with felt paper, which is so
much more convenient in migratory bee-keeping.

R. F. Holtermann suggested to me a saw-cut about ^s-
inch wide and 3 or 4 inches long in the back of the super a
couple of inches down from the top. It is fitted with a gal-
vanized-iron slide for closing in cool weather, and for mov-
ing. The bees never use it for an entrance except when the
queen gets into the super, and it is certainly a great help in
controlling swarming.

Report of the Middlesex Convention

The annual meeting of the Middlesex Bee-Keepers'
Association was held in London, Nov. 4. Those present re-
ported a very good season, an average of about 75 pounds
per colony, spring count, mostly extracted honey. One
member reported 228 pounds of extracted honey from one
colony, and 196 sections from a single colony, and neither
of these offered to swarm.

Mr. R. H. Smith read an instructive paper on, " Shall
We Keep More Bees or Manage those We Have to Better
Advantage ?" He advocated the latter plan of caring for
those we have rather than increasing the number of colo-
nies and decreasing the amount of surplus honey per colony.

Mr. Miller read an interesting paper on " Managing
Out-Apiaries Without Help." By the use of hives and im-
plements adapted to his system, he is able to visit each yard
every 4 days ; the honey can be extracted or taken home to
be extracted. He uses the Heddon hive ; the colony is ex-
amined for queen cells between the two sections of the hive,
the top portion being raised or tipped back by an implement
of his own design. If there are signs of swarming the col-
ony is divided.

The subject of producing comb or extracted honey was
taken by Mr. Anguish. What he thought to be of more
importance was to have strong colonies, then you can pro-
duce either, but he did not like to put on sections towards
the close of the honey-flow ; he would put on an extracting
super. Another important point brought out was, that
^trong colonies ripen their honey better than the weak ones.

An address on foul brood was given by Mr. Gemmill,
Assistant Foul Brood Inspector of Ontario. He considered
our foul-brood laws very good, as some of the States had
copied from them. The disease is on the decrease. He con-
sidered it more dangerous with young bee-keepers, who were
more likely to have robbing, and spread the disease. A sus-
pected case should be destroyed, or treated in a careful man-
ner by shaking on starters, then in 3 or 4 days shake again
on full sheets of comb foundation. Caging the queen will
prevent them from swarming out.

Reforesting was discussed, led by Mr, Robb, who

thought that beekeepers should plant basswoods and honey-
locusts.

The sowing of buckwheat for honey alone was not
thought advisable, as it requires a warm, light soil and a
moist atmosphere, to secrete nectar.

The following are the ofBcers for the ensuing year :
President, Morley Pettit; Vice-President, F. J. Miller;
and Secretary, E- L. Bainard, of Larnbeth.

E. L Bainard, Sec.

-V (£ontributcb -f
Special Clrticlcs

Some Mistakes of Bee- Keepers
the Apiary

Pests of

BY C. W. DAYTON

I NOTICE the mention of " Prevention of Swarming by
Inversion," on page 517. This was one of the operations
performed with the " Queen-Restrictor," which I de-
described in Gleanings in 1889 or 1890. When we first begin
to experiment with a contrivance we watch it daily, or even
hourly, sometimes. But when we get a large number of the
new contrivances in use the colonies increase, and corres-
ponding profits invested in more " irons in the fire," our
experiments are liable to be conducted by the "lick and
promise" fashion.

I believe the " Inversion " system failed because it was
too much labor. During the several years since that time I
have looked upon the " Queen-Restrictor " as a waste of
thought. But last year when the colonies bred up so strong
that they clustered all over the fronts of the hives when
there was no prospect of there being a pound of honey for
them to gather, I wished then that I had a " Restrictor " for
every queen.

Outdoor Feeding of Bees.

On page 553, Mr. Hasty suggests in regard to my out-
door feeding, that I could have exchanged a few full combs
from the strong colonies into the weak. So I could have
done, but I was very busy at other kinds of work, and sup-
posed if the feed was supplied all the time the strong would
get stronger, and the weak would get enough to live and
build up somewhat. It seemed that about SO would not even
carry it home. I thought that I could spare no time so much
as to raise the covers, and did not go amongst the hives
more than once in 10 days. I did not know there were more
than a dozen dead until I needed the hives to put swarms in,
and that was often not until the swarm was already on a
bush. Though there was lack of attention there was no
lack of feed put out, and I had 7 or 8 tons of honey to draw
on, and it was not used grudgingly.

As it turned out, there were 30 to 40 swarms about two
weeks earlier than in other apiaries, and kept nearly one
extracting ahead of other apiaries.

Now, attention is usually the cheapest article in the
whole apiary management. I have a very large stock of
attention, but there was not enough of it where it ought to
have been. I think Hasty, Doolittleor Miller ought to have
warned me beforehand. As it is, I can not use their advice
until it happens again.

We see bees so anxious to rob at sometimes of the year
that we take it for granted that they will rob at all times.
I had been reading of "shortcuts." The " cut " I chose
was very " short." One day last January, with the ther-
mometer at 76 degrees in the shade, I went to one of my api-
aries of between 60 and 70 colonies, and at about 7 o'clock in
the morning put out several feeders of half honey and half
water boiled together. I put this feed right in amongst the
hives. Then I went into the shop to await developments. I
expected to hear the sound of robbery in a few minutes.

Eight o'clock came, and 9, and at 10 o'clock I went to see
what was doing. Only 5 or 6 bees around the feed 1 Said I
to myself, " Is it possible that this whole apiary has ' gone
up?'" I kicked a hive; a roar of bees came. I kicked
another ; a roar. Another ; a roar. And so on along the
line.

"Well," says I, " this shows that bees do not know
things all of a sudden and without previous experience." It

Dec. 7. 19(5

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

841

took me 4 days to teach those bees to rob and take the
amount of feed I expected to give them in 6 hours.

If I had put out feed in that manner in August or Sep-
tember, it would cause such a furor as to cover the hives
black with mad bees, which would attack people in the
streets and nearest houses within an hour. Since there were
160 colonies in good order when the present honey harvest
began, we were somewhat satisfied, having set the mark
several years ago not to keep above 120 colonies.

Skunks in the Apiary.

But there may be other mistakes made besides those
along the line of feeding. In September, two years ago, it
was found that skunks were working about some of the
colonies. By the use of poison and traps there were 8
destroyed during the fall. This seemed to clear them out so
that there were no more about our apiary during the next
season also.

A near-by apiarist having 225 colonies, when I asked
him if his bees were bothered by skunks, said he did not
care if they were ; it would clear out some of the bees and
save feed. He lived about 50 miles away, and left the bees
in charge of a neighbor, but with no instructions as to
skunks. It could be readily seen that there were plenty of
skunks about.

As nearly as I have been able to determine, a skunk
will work at a colony for 2 or 3 weeks until the colony be-
comes weak, then go to another hive, and so on for some 6
mOD^ths or more. In this way a skunk will depopulate 6 to
8 hives during one season. It leaves the colonies too poor
in bees to last very long.

Eight skunks would get away with 64 colonies. If un-
disturbed they will breed the next spring, and in the fol-
lowing fall return with the increase. This was what this
apiary went through, between the good season of 1903 and
the spring of 1905, when there were 89 colonies left. When
the owner was asked how he lost so many, he said by rob-
bing. This bee-keeper fed sugar. I fed honey. He con-
tracted the hive-entrances to '2 inch. I contracted none at
all, and saw no robbing. His loss, figured from our yield,
would amount to 10 tons of honey ; that is, 135 colonies at
ISO pounds per colony. At 5 cents a pound it would amount
to $1000. Just what part is chargeable to skunks is a ques-
tion. A half pound of beef and a little strychnine would
have " settled their hash " in short order.

When skunks cost a bee-keeper $100 a head, it ought to
attract his attention a little. He might stoop to take a few,
if for no more than the hide and tallow. It might add
variety to life, and set his blood to circulating during an off
year.

One day last June a bee-keeper came to my apiary about
7 o'clock in the morning to borrow a smoker. He had set
his smoker on a bee-hive while he went into the house to
extract. A spark fell out and set the hive on fire and then
burned the smoker. He intended to start for the city the
same evening, but had 500 pounds of honey to take off his
hives to complete his load and give the bees storage-room
during his absence. In some apiaries one can extract with-
out smoke, but this apiary is the other kind.

At sunset the smoker I was using tipped over, setting
itself on fire, burning the bellows all off. By dark I had a
new bellows completed. The next morning I attached it to
the barrel in 5 minutes.

Only for a few tanned skunk hides lying around I should
have been obliged to make a trip of 30 miles, or wait for
the mail to bring a smoker from the city. So I have come
to regard the skunk not as a detestable animal, but simply
a walking smoker-bellows !

After cutting out the two pieces to form the bellows,
the odds and ends are used for hinges and latches to the
baby-nucleus hives ; a latch for the honey-house door ; a
strap for the hive-opener ; a small part on the back of the
neck is of the right thickness for the leather part of the
screw-cap honey-gates. But the best of all is a patch of
leather on each knee, padded underneath so as to drop upon
the knees when examining colonies. This is about as good
as a seat, and more handy. The blacksmith wears an
apron. An apiarist might wear a part of one. It is very
restful to change from the long-continued walking and
stooping position. I have sometimes thought that I could
do one-fourth more work by these change-about positions,
especially in examining brood-chambers and in queen-
rearing.

Then the oil of the skunk is useful. It will keep the
hinge-end of a jack-knife blade from wearing off round so
it will shut up in an unexpected moment and cut a gash in
the apiarist's finger. It is good on the cogwheels of the

foundation mill. A clock may run too fast in summer and
too slow in winter, and the bee-keeper is continually trying
to regulate it. At last he becomes disgusted and throws a
good clock away as worthless. Or he takes it to some tink-
erer, who, if he were a bee-keeper, would extract his honey
before it is sealed. The clock runs about as long as unripe
honey will keep, and then gets back at its same old tricks.
Look at the clock, and then at the sun, to tell the time of
day. Poor or adulterated oil will harden and retard the
speed of a clock in cool weather, and do the opposite in
warm weather.

The gun should be kept as bright as a new silver dollar
throughout the inside of the barrel. It takes oil. We can
not buy oil and be sure of what we are getting every time.
While some oil will appear to be all right, it has often
been mixed with an adulterant that spreads a tarnish in the
gun that shot and powder can not remove. When we aim
at a bee-tird that is perched above our hive of best drones,
we want the bird to fall instead of flying away unharmed.
Bee-birds (not king-birds) will lurk for hours around a baby
nucleus in which we may have a dozen hand-picked drones.

Other Pests of the Api.\ry.

There are pests as well as climate in Southern Califor-
nia, and rats and gophers are no trivial affairs. If we keep
a tank of honey 3 feet from a tree, rats will climb the tree
and make a flying jump into it. If we spread a cloth over a
tank so that the corners hang down, rats are sure to climb
up on the under side and get into the tank. I have known
them to carry away a bushel of side-bars to make a nest,
and cut large holes through the sides of hives. They de-
light in carrying away files, bits, nails, hinges, nail-sets,
screw-drivers, etc.

When I bought an acre of land in southeast Los Ange-
les, I set a row of eucalyptus around the outside, then 12
feet inside another row of cypress, inside of which to place
my 120 colonies of bees. There were about 300 trees in all.
By fall they had all been destroyed by gophers except a
dozen or so.

Before I purchased the land it was planted with pump-
kins. A man came along one day and called out (I think he
was lately from the East) : " What will you take for that
patch of pumpkins?" "How much will you give?" "Five
dollars," he answered.

When he came to gather them he found them to be
merely skins filled with dirt, the seeds and meat having
been removed by gophers. I bought lumber and kept a
tight fence around the bees until I could learn to protect
trees from gophers. I have known a gopher to gnaw a hole
through the bottom-board of a hive and completely fill the
hive and super with earth.

The aspects of neighbors toward gophers is about the
same as the above-described bee-keeper toward skunks. I
might continue describing their peculiar antics until it
would fill several bee-papers. The main thing to impress
upon the reader is that when we see a pile of fresh earth
and a gopher's head sticking up beside it, out in the middle
of the neatly-dressed lawn or bee-yard, to make it the last
time he ever pokes his head out anywhere.

Due respect for the business demands that we learn to
steer clear of all difliculties, or, in fact, change many diffi-
culties into advantages. Watch for my article on trap-
setting. Chatsworth, Calif.

Comb Foundation and Its Uses

BY ADRIAN GETAZ

AT this day the advantages of using foundation liberally
are so well known that it is hardly necessary to men-
tion them. In the brood-chamber the advantages of
securing straight combs of all-worker. Furthermore, the
increased rapidity of brood-rearing (that is, in case of a
swarm hived without already built combs). If no founda-
tion is given, or only small starters, the queen is obliged to
wait until the combs are built before she can lay any eggs.
When full sheets of foundation are given, a day or so is
enough to draw out as much foundation as she can fill with
eggs. So there is no delay.

In the sections it is still more important to give full
sheets. Only a few bees can work at a time on a small
starter, so the building up of full combs is delayed. On a
full sheet a large number of bees can work at once, draw
out the foundation and add to it enough to begin putting
honey in it before hardly anything could be done on a small

842

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 7, 1905

starter. I want to call the attention of the reader to this
point, because it has not been suflSciently emphasized yet.

Wiring Frames.

The frames should be wired. The two faces of a sheet
of foundation are seldom worked equally on both sides. The
side toward the center of the cluster is usually in advance of
the other. The result is that the sheet curves outside be-
cause the weight of comb honey and brood on the inner side
is greater. Nothing but complete wiring prevents this.

Wiring vertically would be a little the best, but it would
require a larger number of holes, and therefore more time
to make them and pass the wire through. Furthermore,
boring holes through a thick top bar would be quite a job.
A shoemaker's awl is sufficient to make the necessary holes
in a thin end-bar.

It is not necessary to fasten the foundation to the top-
bar — it is sufficient to have the top-wire near to it, not more
than a quarter of an inch from it.

The wiring is done with thin tinned wire— I think No.
30 is the one advised and sold for the purpose by the sup-
ply dealers. In the factories the wire is wrapped around a
board of sufficient length (the wrapping being done length-
wise) ; then the whole is tied at two or three places to keep
the wire in place. All the turns of wire are cut in two at
one end of the board, and the separate pieces pulled out
from the other end and threaded through the holes of the
frames. That process does very well when the wire used is
in very large coils, because then it does not kink, or not
enough to cause trouble. But it is impracticable with wire
wound on small spools. No sooner would the piece of wire
be drawn that it would assume a shape something like this :

The ordinary apiarist will never need a large coil of
wire. A half-pound spool has enough wire to fill several
hundred frames. I use something like the figure shown

V^

r

^

GI

IDp

Bi

herewith. On a table, bench, or even a board, I drive a
number of nails, as shown. Some are placed so as to hold
the frame in place. Three of the others hold the pulleys (P)
around which the wire passes. They must be small enough
to permit the pulleys to revolve freely. It is better to put a
washer under each pulley. I use sash pulleys from which
the stems have been taken out. I just happened to have
them. Some other apiarists who use a similar apparatus
use, instead, empty thread-spools, probably also because
they happened to have them.

Another nail holdS the spool of wire (W). This spool
has a crank which permits revolving it with the hand. The
crank is made by nailing a small piece of wood to the pul-
ley ; and a nail at the other end of the piece completes the
crank. The end of the wire is pulled through the succes-
sive holes and around the pulleys, as shown in the foregoing
figure, and finally fastened at the last hole (H). The opera-

A<

-^o

oat

B

O

-:-\<ix then holds' the crank (W)with one hand, and with the
^^'m^*^^''"'^^ releases the wird Jrdm the different puU^Vs in sue-
•^iafee%sioB,-^as Shown" in' inihi" above' fig:uV^;tyriling fhe crank
I.

(W) so as to take up the surplus wire as fast as released.
The wire is finally cut and fastened at A.

Looking at the figures and reading the above descrip-
tion impresses the mind as if the process were rather cum-
bersome. Practically it is not so. A frame is wired in less
than a minute.

Fastening the Comb Foundation.

Now comes the fastening of the wax to the wire. The
Spur imbedder and Easterday fastener will do in a measure,
provided the wax is rather soft. I prefer using a lamp, as
per Dr. C. C. Miller's method. At least I think the process
is his invention.

A string with four hooks is hung to the ceiling. A lamp
is placed so that its glass chimney comes within about 2
inches of the foundation. A frame is hung to the hooks,
and a piece of foundation placed in on the wires. The
frame is then moved slowly over the lamp so as to follow
the wire. The heat softens the wax and causes it to stick
to the wire. A finger is held on the foundation so as to
press it on the wire as it passes over the lamp. The light
and wire can easily be seen through the sheet of wax.

Folding Sections.

Don't try to fold the sections dry. Too many would
break in spite of all the care one might take. The joints
must be wet so as to be damp when folded. If the work is
done at home, the method of wetting given by Dr. C. C.
Miller is the best. Take out of the crate the few side-
pieces that hide the joints of the sections — that is, the edges
of the sections — and pour hot water in the joints. As the

c

T

joints of every row of sections correspond, the water will
go clear through and wet all of the sections properly.

I sometimes do the work in the apiary because I can
easily take the crate of sections and the box of foundation
on my wheel and do the work there under the shade of a

tree. As I have not the facilities necessary for hot-water
proceedings, I follow another process. Three small sponges
are fastened to a small, flat piece of wood. This constitutes
the instrument to wet the three grooves at a time. The
wetting must be done on the back of the sections, as shown
in the figure. Forty or SO .sections are wet and then folded
■before they get dry. The process is cjuicke'r thaiii one would
think'when reading the above. ■-,,-.►

Dec. 7, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

643

The folding is best done with a Hubbard machine. The
next best is a mallet or a hammer with a wide, flat head.
The operation is done on a bench or table, the section being
folded against a block of wood nailed to the bench, so as to
secure a square joint.

Fastening Comb Foundation in Sections.

In wetting the sections for folding, it is impossible to
prevent the water from spreading more or less through the
wood and thus dampen more or less the surfaces to which
the wax must adhere. Now the wax will not " stick " well
to a damp surface, and the foundation should not be put in
the sections until they are perfectly dry.

The Parker foundation fastener, and others acting by
mere pressure, are not very satisfactory. They will work
only when the wax is quite soft. When I need only a few
sections I sometimes use the point of a knife or of a screw-
driver instead of a Parker fastener, but it is only a make-
shift at the best.

The Daisy fastener is all right— it is a daisy, sure
enough, except, perhaps, that the plate should be arranged
so that the dripping wax should come to the front and help
fasten the next piece instead of running off. For small
starters, say half sheets at most, there is a still better way.
Just put a small tin dish, that you can make yourself, over
a lamp or oil-stove. Taking the starter in the hand apply
the bottom of it against the dish so as slightly to melt it,
then apply it promptly to the section at the right place.
The process is even quicker than the Daisy method, but is
not practicable with full sheets.

Fdli, Sheets vs. Starters in Sections.

If only starters are used, I prefer to have them of a
triangular form rather than a straight, narrow strip Ex-
actly how it works I can not tell, but the sections are better
filled. At least it seems so tome. But I would advise using
full sheets whenever possible. They will be built into
combs much faster, and that means more surplus, and, to
some extent, less clogging of the brood-nest, and therefore
less tendency to swarm.

The next question is. How full — that is, how near the
wood along the sides and bottom must the sheet come ? Of
all the distances about V of an inch seems the worst of all,
as far as my experience goes. The bees draw the founda-
tion, and then seem unable to reach properly the middle of
the comb and extend it to the wood, something like this :

The best results are obtained by having the foundation
reach ivithin one-eighth of an inch of the wood. The bees
will usually fasten it at once to the wood all around, and
then but little bulging will take place — not enough to injure
the sections, since the outer surfaces follow the separators.

OO

^-•^"^^ ■e'''"^^^ /^ Board

Section over block

If a dearth of honey follows putting on the sections, the
bees sometimes gnaw out the edges of the sheets instead of
fastening them. Fastening all around will avoid that.
Furthermore, it is claimed that when the foundation is

fastened all around with melted wax, the comb will never
break off from the wood, no matter how far they are shipped.
I fasten only at the top.

I have not been able to put in foundation with the
Daisy fastener so that it would come within one-eighth or
less of the bottom. The hot. plate melts sometimes more,
sometimes less of the sheet, usually entirely too much. I
prefer to use the melted-wax plan. A dozen square blocks
just the size of the inside of a section, and half the thick-
ness, are nailed to a board. Pieces of foundation are placed
on the blocks, and the sections slipped over. The melted
wax (just enough, and no more) is poured then, say at the
left-hand corner, and let it run to the bottom corner of each
block. To pour the wax, I use a spoon made of tin which
has a kind of spout shape with a very small hole (H), per-
mitting the use only of the quantity of wax needed, and yet
operate rapidly. If it is desired to fasten all around, the

other corner is treated the same, and then the board turned
upside down, and the other two sides fastened in the same
way.

Sections and Separators.

The first 2 or 3 years of my bee-keeping I used bee-way
sections with plain separators. Then Oliver Foster began
advocating 4-bee-way sections without separators, chiefly
on the ground that the bees could cluster better, and there-
fore secrete wax and build comb better. That is true to a
large extent, but it depends upon the circumstances. With
strong colonies and quite warm weather the difference does
not amount to anything. Under the opposite circumstances
it might make all the difference between a crop and nothing.
If separators are omitted, use the 4-bee-way sections, by all
means. The sections will be built far more evenly and reg-
ularly than with the 2-bee-way sections.

I have used the 4-bee-way sections without separators
since then until now. I am now replacing them with the
feuces and plain sections. One reason is that even with
the 4-bee-ways the sections of honey are not quite as regu-
lar as desirable for the best results. The other is that the
plain sections are easier to handle. I don't know whether I
can make this point understood or not. In handling sec-
tions it is not always possible to keep them perfectly even,
sometimes they are little out of line with one another. In
such cases a plain section is not liable to damage the next,
while the corner of a 4-bee-way section will almost inva-

riably gouge into the next one. Perhaps this figure may
help the reader to understand what I mean.

Soft and Hard Comb Foundation.

The European writers tell us that the soft comb foun-
dation made by the Rietsche press, plaster molds, etc., does
not stretch and bulge like the hard ones — that is, the Weed
and other hard rolled ones. The explanation given is that
in the hard-rolled, compact foundation the wax is in an ab-
normal condition, and that the heat of the hive causes the
wax to expand back to its normal condition, and thus cause
the bulging and stretching.

Recently it has been asserted that by heating the hard
fouhdatiod as much as possible, and keeping it at that point
a few ttiomentS (I suppose 10 or 15 minutes) it becomes as
soft as the molded foundation, and stretches or bulge* but

844

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 7. 190S

very little when put in the hives. This kink is certainly
worth a trial, anyway.

Prices of Bee-Supplies.

[Zl Much has been said lately about the prices of supplies
being too high. That may be. But as long as the demand
practically exceeds the supply, the prices will be stiff. If
the honey-dealers were short, and running after us to get
honey — my, my, how the prices would go up !

Well, if the price of hives is too high, make them your"
selves — that is all there is to it.

Right here we need some clarifying, as Hasty would
put it. As a matter of fact we are making them already,
the dealers furnishing us only the lumber dressed and cut.
So, after all, the question is whether we shall buy from
them or order our stuff at the nearest wood-working estab-
lishment. The box-making concerns are likely to give the
best satisfaction. To say that nobody but the bee-supply
men can cut the lumber just right for hive-making is mere
bosh. The assertion that a precision like clock or gun
work is required constitutes also a considerable stretching.
The chief points are the length of the frames. These must
fit each other, and be the same for all the hives. If neces-
sary the end-pieces must be nailed a little in or out, so as to
preserve the exact inside length.

Of course, the so-called dovetail corners should be
abandoned, and plain corners substituted. The frames
should be plain, wood frames. The best, easiest made, and

cheapest, are those banging with nails on a tin strip. Small
notches on the tin will hold the frames at the right spacing,
and at the same time permit the apiarist to push them aside

S^

to take them out, or hold a queen-cage or queen-cell between
them.

The stuff for frames should be ordered in long strips.
For reasons too long to explain here, a short stick cut to
length costs nearly as much as a strip 8 or 10 feet long.
With a miter-box the apiarist can, in a short time, cut
enough pieces to make all the frames he needs. To avoid
danger of splitting the wood when nailing, the pieces can
be clamped in a small hand-vise while driving in the nails.

Knoxville, Tenn.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Pricks, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp; 50
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the ofiBce of the American Bee Journal.

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid much
by sending in the name.i and addresses when writing us on
other mattars.

^

®ur:-5t5tcr
BceKecpers

=/

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, II

Bees Flying- at Low Temperatures

Bees seem to chill quite easily when separated from
the cluster, and yet they sometimes fly at quite a low tem-
perature. On the morning of Nov. 14 the thermometer
stood at 14 degrees in the shade. When it got up to 26 a
very few bees could be seen flying. Evidently that was
warm enough for them. Bees will be seen flying out in
small numbers at a much lower temperature when they
have been long confined; and many such bees come out
only to meet their death. But Nov. 14 there was no
pressing need of their coming out; there had been no long
confinement. Indeed, they had flown the day before, and
not only the day before but for 4 consecutive days immedi-
ately preceding. But there were two things that specially
favored their flying — the sun was at its brightest, and the
air its stillest. A day or two later not a bee was stirring
when the thermometer was considerably higher; probably
because there was something of a breeze from the north-
west.

The Sisters and the National Convention

In putting the date of the National convention Dec.
19, 20, 21, if that is to be its date, the sisters do not seem
to be taken into account. Christmas comes on the Monday
following, and what chance will there be to prepare for
it if those who are to make the preparation are expected
to be at the convention? Very likely some of the brothers
will say that from the 21st to the 25th there are 4 days,
and ask how much more than 4 days are needed to prepare
for Christmas. Little they know about it. They are ac-
customed year after year to sit down to the Christmas
table groaning under its load of good things — I confess I
never heard a table groan, but it sounds well to say it that
way; the groaning is generally done afterwards by those
who have stuffed themselves with the good things — they
sit down and enjoy it all, with little thought as to how
much time, thought, and labor it has all cost.

But there are no 4 days about it. If the convention
closes Thursday night, the return home will be Friday —
maybe Friday afternoon, maybe Friday evening — depends
on the distance. At any rate, no sister will be in best
shape to pitch right in the minute she takes off her Sunday
clothes, so little or nothing will be done Friday; Sunday
doesn't count, and there you are with Saturday the only
day for making any previous preparation for Monday's
gorge.

No, my good brother, it isn't all cooking, either. There
are to be family gatherings — aunts, uncles, cousins, and
all; and everything about the house is to be made spick
and span. "No need of that if the house is already in
decent order?" Now see here, who wants to be thought
any poorer housekeeper than any other of the relatives?
So the house must be overhauled from top to bottom, no
matter how lately it has been done. At any rate, they all
do it, and that's all there is of it.

"Not very much about bees in all this?" To be sure
there isn't; but some of the sisters will feel better to have
their minds spoken for them. Sister Bertha,

Sister Bertha, there's much truth in what you say; but
there are two sides. The great matter that overrules all
other items in getting together a large number at a National
convention is the matter of railroad fares. A chief con-
sideration in having the convention held at the given time
and place was that at that time and place very low fares
could be had. The Fat Stock Show — the biggest thing of
the kind on earth, we are told — gave the low rates. Then
a large number of bee-keepers would want to attend the
Fat Stock Show anyhow, even if no sisters should be of
that number.

When the date was first set, it was 2 weeks earlier; no

Dec.

190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

845

trouble about Christmas then. But the building for the
big «ho\v could not be completed in time, hence the post-
ponement of a week. \\'hat else could be done but to
postpone the bee-keepers' convention for the same length
of time?

So we mustn't be too hard on the brothers.

There is. too, another item that counts for something,
and for which the sisters are alone to blame. The propor-
tion of them in attendance at conventions is so small that
it ill becomes us to make much clamor about preparations
being made just to suit our convenience. Let the sisters
attend in large numbers, and no doubt their needs will
have full consideration. At any rate, the particular chain
of circumstances that made the trouble this time is not
likely to occur again in many a long year.

=——— ^

Clftcrtpougl^ts

J

The

Old Reliable '
By E. E.

' as seen through New and Unreliable Glaeees.
Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Advertising Adulterated Honey.

Xo, we haven't got so far yet in the bad path of
adulteration as publicly to advertise alleged candied honey
at 3'/s cents. Yet we have more call to improve than to
brag. And when we get our door-yard a good deal cleaner
than it is now, perhaps our shining example will move the
Germans to clean up their door-yard, too. Page 758.

Well-Ripened Comb Honev.

A month in a hot room, a let Doolittle, is excellent for
the honey before sending it to market. But the same
time OH the hive is still better; and at some fezv apiaries the
conditions are such that the honey can well enough be
left on the hive as long as you choose. That is, there are
lots of bees and hives, but yield per hive always small. A
suggestion of this kind is likely to raise something akin to
a riot among many of our brethren. So wedded to the
orthodox teaching that sections must be taken off the
minute they are sealed — else the immaculate whiteness so
much admired will be sullied. Truth. Not the only truth.
And I think it is not by any means a hopeless task to get
customers intelligently to prefer quality to looks. My
experience with customers indicates this. And the expe-
rience of many grocers with the snow-white article is such
that they get disgusted with selling honey, and quit keep-
ing it. Small grocers, whose trade takes quite a while to
carry oflf even one case, are especially liable to drop off
this way. Here's a way of killing off the honey market
that is not often talked about. I have had the pleasure of
having a city grocer ask me what was the reason my honey
kept in so much better order than the immaculate sections
we have been tallcing about. Page 759.

Le.wes for Winter P.\cking.

I see C. P. Dadant speaks favorably of leaves for win-
ter protection. I am getting weak on them. Haven't kept
the mathematics of the thing, but it seems to me that in
an e.xtra-severe winter a larger percentage of the colonies
under leaves die, as compared with the colonies under
chaff. Page 759.

Unlucky 14 — .Vuclei Sw.\rmi.v(;.

So 14 is an unlucky number now, 'cause Mr. Day had
14 colonies and somebody stole 1 and left him with 13.
Mr. D.'s experience that 2-frame nuclei swarm after awhile,
when swarming gets to be the rage, is not a thing to be
surprised at. Page 763.

XoMIN-\TI(IXS FOR THE N.\TIO.\'.\L.

I was interested in the discussion about nominations
on pages 773 and 774. Logically, our Boss holds his own
pretty well; but practically, the Review's main point im-
pressed me the iiiost. The object desired is to avoid re-
electing the old incumbent except when a majority really
and earnestly desire a re-election, li they do, the Review's
plan will not do him any serious injustice. As it is, he is
as sure to get the largest number as he was under the old

plan to get the election. Then on the formal ballot the
floating vote goes to him and elects him. Name one other
name beside his, and hide the fact which has the most
supporters, and we have done the most which can in
fairness be done (it seems to me) to secure rotation — if
that is what is wanted. If not, whence all these tears?

An .\merican in Germany.

Glad Prof. Cook can reside in Berlin and yet prefer
America, and think lovingly of it every day of his life.
Page 774.

The "Outs" and the "Ins."

So the heavy fellows of New York were shy of a
Honey-Producers' I-eague with the honey-producers left
out! What new thing is this in the world, that the outs
should be suspicious of the ins? Page 775.

Black Bees vs. Italians.

And so able a brother as Allen Latham "doubts greatly
whether any one can demonstrate that the black bee is
inferior to the Italian in keeping out the "moth." There
you have it, good and hot. Sam's daughter just as strong
as Sam's son. 'Spects it's good for the worshipers of the
3-banders to see how much depends on the color of the
glasses with which one looks at a thing. As for me, I'll
be propitious and chime in with Mr. L. Blacks get a
worse reputation than they deserve for worm-hunting on
account of their greater disposition to quiescence or summer
hibernation. During such a period moth-larvae may get
more or less start in out-of-the-way crannies; but, pshaw!
there's no danger of their triumphing over the colony.
The sleepy disposition will be thrown off, and the fighting
clothes pulled on, long before that happens. Italians in-
cline to keep up extreme activity whether they are making
anything at it or not. It's at least a legitimate subject of
inquiry whether they really gain or lose by this, as com-
pared with the quiescent tactics in lengthy times of dearth.

Interesting to see that Mr. Latham has been trying to
rear choice black queens. He finds them hard to get
mated, when Italians mate all right. His solution — that
Italian virgins fly slowly, while black vigrins fly too
swiftly to be overtaken — I doubt some whether that solu-
tion is the right one. Still, perhaps it may be. Page 775.

=__ \

Doctor ITlillcr's
Question '- Box

Bend questions either to the office of the American Bee .Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

^

Requeenlng— Fertilized ttueens-Winterlng Bees

1. 'When is the best time to requeen 7

2. If I buy a queen of a responsible breeder, will she be
already fertilized ?

3. What is the best way to winter bees here — the coldest
weather is about zero — to put straw around the hives, or put
them in a dark cellar with no ventilation but a door ?

Kansas.

Answers. — 1. A good many think it is as well to leave
the matter of renewing queens entirely to the bees. Others
prefer to take the mattei into their own hands and replace
each queen when she has done two seasons' work. Possi-
bly, however, you mean the best time in the year to intro-
duce a queen. Not till the season is well under way ; and
special circumstances must decide whether it is better to
operate in the harvest or near its close.

2. Yes.

3. As far south as 39 degrees in Kansas bees will likely

do better out- doors.

•-♦-♦

Manaslng Swarms— Peedlng in Winter

1. I have read in the bee-books that when the first
swarm issues to hive it and set the hive on the old stand,
putting the old hive as close as you can beside it, then a
week later move the old hive some distance away. Now,

846

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 7, 1905

when I hive the first swarm, should I set the hive of the
parent colony beside the swarm as soon as the swarm is in
the hive, or should I wait until dark ? And when I move
the parent colony away, should I do it when bees from both
hives are in the field at work, or should I wait until night
when all are in their hives ?

2. Is there an insect that works on honey when taken
off? If so, how can it be prevented?

3. My neig-hbor gave me some colonies of bees that are
very light, and have dot enough honey to last them the first
part of the winter. I know they should have been fed early,
but what is the best way now to feed them through the
winter, and what ? or must I lose them ? They have plenty
of bees. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. If, when you set the swarm on the old
stand, yon leave the mother colony at some distance until
night, you will be likely to get more of the bees with the
swarm than if you at once set the old hive beside the
swarm; but the thing will be evened up a week later. It
• will make more difference which way you do when you make
the shift a week later. If you make the change after dark,
there will be no change felt till the next day, and then the
feeling will come gradually as each fielder leaves the hive
and fails to return. If you move away the old hive at a
time of day when bees are afield, and especially at a time
when the young bees are at play, not only will you get the
fielders to leave the old hive and join the swarm, but all the
young bees at play as well, making the depletion greater
than if you made the change after dark. So it will be a
little better to make the shift when the bees are out at play.

2. I don't think of anything but ants likely to get the
honey in this country, and you can shut out the ants or de-
stroy them in their nests.

3. Don't think for a minute of losing those bees for
want of food. If you have no combs of sealed honey, make
cakes of candy as directed in your bee-book ; or even feed-
ing thick sugar syrup in a Doolittle frame-feeder or in a
pepper-box feeder would be better than to let them starve.

Bees and Tobacco Odor

As I keep about 15 colonies of bees I would like to have
your advice. I have built a basement cellar this fall, in
which I intend to keep my bees through the winter, and I
am also raising tobacco. I would also like to use the same
basement in which is the tobacco crop. Do you think that
it would hurt the bees any to have the tobacco in the same
room through the stripping— about a week's time. There
might be some dampness and strong smell from the tobacco.

Wisconsin.

Answer, — It isn't a good thing for people to live in the
smell of tobacco, but I think the bees would stand it for a
week. But there must be some arrangement to keep the
bees darkened during that week.

(£onr>entton
Procecbin^s

Report of the Texas Convention

J

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SEC.

(Continned from page 82S)
How TO Produce Extracted Honey.

A. H. Knolle says there is good sale for extracted
honey. Last year the demand was greater than for comb
honey. If more was produced more of it would be sold,
and it would cut out the cheap-syrup trade more than if
comb honey was produced.

Mr. Robinson is an extracted-hi.mey man. He builds
the colonies up in two hive-bodies. He claims that old
combs are detrimental to the production of first-class
extracted honey, therefore he continually replaces them,
jvorking the old combs into the brood-chambers. He runs
colonies three stories high during the honey-flow. During
the winter he leaves an extra extracting super on the hive.

Mr. Butts uses full-depth supers for extracting.

Mr. Bell favors the full-depth over the shallow supers,
as he has used both.

The Production of Section Honey.
H. A. Mitchell, who was on the program for this sub-
ject, was not present. He is the only extensive section-
honey producer in Te.xas at present, and he produces
annually much of this kind of honey. It is of the very
best qualitj', and mainly from basswood. The honey is
produced in 4^x4^^x13/^, narrow, 4 bee-way sections. This
gives a thin comb with a large surface. He has won
several premiums and a gold medal on his honey.
Best .'^nd S.\fest Way of Increase.
Mr. Laws said the best time with him to make increase
is right after the honey-flow. He manages all his colonies
for the honey-flow, and at the time of its close he makes
the increase, either right after or while he is making his
last extracting. He sees after taking oft the combs of
honey from the hives himself, while the boys take it to
the extracting house. If he wishes to increase about 25
colonies in an apiary of 100, he has that many hives ready
on new stands. As he comes to combs in the extracting
supers which contain brood, he places them v\ith the ad-
hering bees into these prepared hives. Several combs of
brood and honey are thus given to each, no attention being
paid as to which hive the bees are from. A ripe queen-
cell is then given and the nuclei are built up. Nearly
every bee-keeper can have an abundance of cells at that
time.

Mr. Atchley stated that it is easy to make increase in
his locality, as there are fully 9 months in the year in
which the bees are breeding heavily. The question w-ith
him has been, which is the safest and cheapest way of in-
crease, as he sells many bees. He drives up to an apiary
where he has his colonies in 2-story hives, taking with him
100 empty single-story hives with covers and bottom-
boards. Then he draws one comb of brood and one of
honey from each strong colony to make one nucleus.
These he places in a hive until he has a load, w-hen they
are hauled off to a new location, so that the bees do not
return to the old stands and so the bees from the old
apiary do not molest them. Here each is given a virgin
queen and they are built up with foundation. If there is
no honey-flow it is easy to feed them, as there are no
other bees to bother these small colonies off by them-
selves. They are not near to the apiary to be tantalized
by the bees from it.

Mr. Milam said, as he stated before, that there are no
two seasons alike. In an average year in his locality,
April 1 is the best time for increase. The best flow comes
April 15. He takes the old queen and all the bees on the
same comb, gets two other combs of brood and bees,
placing them in a hive on a new location. The old hive
is given a queen-cell. He has about 15 to 18 combs of
brood to a hive. The bees swarmed very much this year
at the 1st of April, which made it a good season for
increase. By removing the old queen. March 15, and
dividing the colony into 1-frame nuclei, adding full combs
of brood from time to time to build them up, he is enabled
to increase 1,000 per cent in 2 years.

Mr. Atchley said that Mr. Milam's way of making
nuclei is a good one, but a novice may lose from one-third
tci one-half of them if practised in the old yard.

Mr. Bell has studied the subject of increase thoroughly.
While Mr. Atchley's way is a good one, it is not the .safest.
He bursts a strong colony half in two, simply, dividing it.
He dwelt for some length upon the Alexander method of
increase, given in the bee-papers some time ago. AH the
brood is placed in an upper story above an excluder. The
queen is put below on empty combs. In 10 to 11 days
there are plenty of cells above, and the brood is in such
condition that there is no danger of any loss. The upper
story is set on a new stand, and in 2 weeks 2 colonies
with a good queen in each is the result. The old queen is
thus given a chance to do good work.

Mr. Atchley thought that his own plan was the best
and safest for the novice, as the bees w'ere taken away to
themselves, where they could be properly taken care of.
Besides, his method does not interfere with the colonies
run for honey. He always increases from the strongest
colonies with young queens, and never from colonies with
old queens.

Mr. Victor keeps a colony from swarming after the
bees have the "fever" by spreading the brood and placing
between each comb a frame with foundation. The other
brood-combs are placed in another hcidy, arranged in the

Dec. 7. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

847

same way and set above the first, or the extra brood is
used for increase.

Mr. Laws practices the "shook swarming" plan on
such colonies. The colony is shaken into a new hive with
only starters in the frames. The brood and some of the
bees are set on a new stand for increase. He has had
trouble about getting the bees to remain after shaking.
If a comb of unsealed brood is given, queen-cells are
started on it and the bees abscond to the woods. This
they also do if sealed brood is given. A frame iif honey
keeps them. He favors the "shook swarming." both for
honey and increase.

Mr. Aten advises that not more than 2 colonies be
made from 1. He does not like the idea of dividing it into
10. It is so easy for a beginner to figure these things out
on paper. For instance, a start is made with one 10-frame
colony. This is divided into 10. Each one of these pro-
duces 100 pounds of honey — and failure is almost certain.

From the audience: "It would teach them a good
lesson." (Laughter.)

Mr. White, in referring to the Alexander method, cau-
tioned bee-keepers against placing the queen below the
excluder on empty combs during cool or wet weather.
There is danger of the bees clustering around the brood
above, and leaving the queen below unprotected, where
she may be chilled and succumb, or be injured so that she
may become worthless.

If Mr. Victor wants increase for the same season's
use, he makes it by removing the unsealed brood and the
old queen to a' new stand. This leaves the sealed brood
and the old bees on the old stand, leaving it in an ideal
condition for the honey-flow. For increase for future use
he practises the method as outlined by Mr. Atchley,
except that he gives more combs of brood and honey, 2
of each to a new hive. In 15 days he examines them to
see that all have laying queens. Dividing a colony into 10
or so is too risky, as the danger of bees deserting the new
hives is too great.

(CoDtidued nt-xt w^ek.i
#

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, 1904

(Continued from pa.ge 826 J

THANKS TO MR. ROOT.

Mr. Moore — I move that we present to ]\Ir. E. R. Root,
towards his expenses, the sum of $5. Now, inasmuch as he
has absolutely refused to accept anything, and says he will
donate this sum to our foul brood fund ; and inasumch as
our whole assembly was greatly entertained and interested
by his exhibition of last night, I move you a vote of thanks
be given to Mr. Root for his very fine exhibition of last
evening.

Mr. Kannenburg — I second that motion.

The President put the motion, which was carried unani-
mously.

EXPERIENCE WITH .\LFALF.\ HONEY.

"Has any one had any experience with alfalfa honey,
and with what success?"

Pres. York — I don"t know whether it means producing
alfalfa honey, or handling it, or eating it, or what. I would
say it is very good to eat.

Mr. Becker — I want to say I don't know anything about
its production. I know that alfalfa won't produce honey in
our locality. But alfalfa honey as a honey I have sold on
the market, and I think it is equal to white clover, or next
to it, none excepted. It sells readily ; everybody likes it.
And there is another thing about it, there are a great many
persons that cannot eat honey, but alfalfa they can eat in
great quantities. I would advise those that handle alfalfa
honey, or sweet clover honey, if the store-keepers will not
sell it, to mix it with some darker honey, for instance with
heartsease or even buckwheat. Buckwheat I have not had
for a good many years, but I use heartsease and Spanish-
needle. Invariably in my locality they say this alfalfa honey
looks too much like sugar; it hasn't the color of honey. I
sell a great deal of it every winter. When I get this honey
at this time, and I am out of other honey, I go around and
get some Spanish-needle and heartsease honey, and heat it
all and melt it in order to produce a different color of honey.
Alfalfa is too light a color to sell in the stores. But as to
alfalfa, it outsells almost anv other kind of honev.

The regular stenographer, Mr. Angus, having to leave
for his train at this time, Mr. Hutchi»is;n kindly reported
the balance of tne session as follows :

PAPER PAILS AS RETAIL P.'VCkWGES FOR HONEV.

Mr. Abbott — A man in Colorado expressed to me a paper
pail full of alfalfa honey. It reached me in good condition,
and was of fine quality. It stood around in the office two
days, when, by that time, it had all been eaten. If we could
get hold of somethinc like this to put up honey in for retail,
it would be a fine thing.

ALFALF.\ HONEY CANDIES READILY.

Mr. 'Wheeler — When we mention alfalfa honey we are
advertising a Colorado product; we ought to advertise our
own honey. I have found that alfalfa honey candies verv
readily.

Pres. York— I have found that alfalfa candies verv
readily, and comb honey of this variety ought to be sold
before cold weather comes on.

IS PURE ALFALFA HONEV HARD TO GET?

Some members expressed their doubts of the possibility
of getting pure alfalfa honey. They thought it was largely
mixed with sweet clover.

Mr. Abbott — I have been eating sweet clover honey for
20 years, and I don't think you can fool me with it. We get
some honey from the West that is not all alfalfa, but I have
no trouble in getting water-white alfalfa honey.

A bottle of honey, supposed to be sweet clover, was then
passed around.

Pres. York — I have handled tons of sweet clover honey,
and I should say that this is a sample of pure, sweet clover
honey.

Mr. Snell — I get no surplus from alfalfa, but we have
sent for some of the bacteria with which to inoculate the
soil, and are hopeful of better results.

HAS ALFALFA HONEV SPECIAL MEDICINAL QUALITIES?

Pres. York-;-I have never heard that alfalfa honey pos-
sessed any special medicinal properties. I believe that bass-
wood has been given that distinction.

Mr. France— I have sold my dandelion honey at an ad-
vanced price because of its supposed medicinal qualities.

Mr. Abbott — I suppose that all honey has medicinal quali-
ties if it is used rightly. It is peculiarly effective in bronchial
diseases.

WHAT IS AN UP-TO-DATE APIARY?

Mr. Hnrstniann — Where all of the hives are of approved
pattern, the weeds and grass kept mowed, where there is an
extractor used, and everything kept neat and clean.

Mr. Wilcox — I suppose that no old straw hives are used,
and everything is kept neat.

SHEEP FOR KEEPING DOWN GRASS IN THE APIARY.

Mr. Reynolds — Sheep sometimes knock over the hives.

Mr. Wilcox — I don't know as I would at all times turn
in the sheep, but. in the honey season, it seems to me it would
be all right.

Mr. France — In procuring a site for an out-apiary, I
select a pasture. The stock soon leams to wrrk in the apiarv
at night. If hogs go into the yard, I want the hogs to have
rings in their noses.

CAN HONEY-VINEGAR BE MADE AT A PROFIT?

Mr. Meredith — Waste honey can be used profitably for
that purpose.

Mr. France — We can get a good price for honey-vinegar
in our home market where we and the vinegar are known.
I would advise the use of w-aste honey from washing cap-
pings, the washing of dishes that have contained honey, etc.

Mr. Wilcox — If we have honey that will sell at 4 or 5
cents per pound, can it be made into vinegar with profit?

Mr. France — I think not.

Mr. Hoffman — Give the process for manufacturing vine-
gar.

Mr. France — Make a solution of honey and water that
will float an egg, then let it stand until it has turned to
vinegar. That is all there is to it. There are quicker proces-
ses than this — those that expose it to the air more thoroughly
than this — but it will not pay the ordinary bee-keeper to
bother with them.

(Continued next week.)

848

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 7, 1905

Our Leader

Modern Farmer $ .25

Cosmopolitan 1.00

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Woman's Home Companion 1.00

Review of Reviews 3.00

Our price for all one jear, $3.00.

Gleanings in Bee Culture, The American
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substituted for Pearson's, if desired.

AVrite for other Clubs. Give us a list
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on almost any paper.

THE nODERN FARHER,

ST. JOSEPH, MO.

Smokers at WHolesale

for a short timeonlj. Hives, Sections. Foun-
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Circular free. If jou rear Queens tor sale men-
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Mention Bee Journal wlicn writing.

BANTA

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Bacl<ecl. by 14 Years
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Mention Bee Journal when writing:.

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to all points on the Nickel Plate Road
between Chicago and Buffalo. Dates
of sale Dec. 23, 24, 25, 30 and 31, 1905,
and Jan. 1, 1906, with limit returning
Jan. 3, 1906. Rate one and a third fare
for the round-trip. Individual Club
Meals ranging in price from 35 cents
to $1.00, and Mid-Day Luncheon SO
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The only depot in Chicago on the Ele-
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END YOUR NAME

<ur »pecl&1 \'J ilaT trial propuaiti>JD im the

DANDY GREEN BONE CUTTER

ThofaB'fst unUaiiii-strnnnin^ m*phino made. It
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The Best Fruit Paper

is The Fniit-Grower. published monthly at St. Joseph,
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this paper, you will receive a i)ropo8ition whtreby
ytm may secure it one year WITHtiUT COST. Every
Miie who has a few fruit trees or a g:arden, should read

ST UOSCPH. MISSOURI

Kvory issue is hnnrisninrly illiistratfd and from 32 to
111 jjnjres ainontll arc lilkd \\ itli iiitLifstiiii.' matter iifi-

• taiiiiiiL' to I'l-uit-grrowing and irardin.
iiitr. Tlu' lirst four isftiesof 19iir, ^\ ill lie
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Small Fmit.s. Any one of these num-
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.Mention Bee Journal vrhen irrltlner.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National Convention, Dec. 19, 20, 21.

—The Fat Stock Show, upon which we have
depended for reduced rates on the railroads,
has been postponed two weeks, so the dates
for the convention will now be Dec. 19, 20
and 21, 1905.

The place of meeting has also been changed
to Brunt Hall, in the Bush Temple of
Music, corner of North Clark Street and
Chicago Avenue (entrance on Clark Street,)
5 minutes walk north from the Revere House,
Southeast corner N. Clark and Michigan Sts.,
which will be headquarters for the members.
W. Z. Hutchinson, *'«-.

ThP Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold a social session at
the Revere House, Dec. 19, 1905, at 10 a.m. At
3 p.m. the same day will be held the regular
annual election of officers. Any other busi-
ness coming before the meeting will be at-
tended to. Herman F. Moore, Sec.

New York. — The annual convention of
the St. Lawrence and .Jefferson Counties Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held at Water-
town, N. y., Dec. 13 and 14, 1905.

Geo. B. Howe, Sec,
Jefferson County Association.
Black River, N. Y.

New York. — The annual meeting of the
Oswego County, N. Y., Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will be held at Fulton, N. Y., Thursday,
Dec. 14, 1905. Dr. E. F. Phillips, who is «ur-
nishedby the Agricultural Department, is ex-
pected to be present and address the meeting.
Mortimer Stevens Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
Central Square, N. T.

New York Bee-Keepers' Institutes.

— A series have been arranged to be held in
New York State as follows: Amsterdam,
Dec. 11, 1905; Syracuse, Dec. 12; Watertown,
Dec. 13; Fulton, Dec. 14; Auburn, Dec. 15;
Romulus. Dec. IC; Geneva, Dec. 18 and 19.
Dr. E.F. Phillips, Acting in Charge of Apicul-
ture, United States Department of Agricul-
ture, will attend and address these Institutes
on subjects pertaining to bee-keeping.
Romulus, N. Y. C. B. Howard, See.

The New Y''ork State Association of
Bee-Keepers' Societies will hold its annual
meeting at Geneva, N.Y., at the Nester Hotel,
Monday and Tuesday, Deo. IS and 19, 1905.
New and interesting subjects are to be intro-
duced and discussed at this meeting, and all
bee-keepers of New York State should make
arrangements to be present. Good and rea-
sonable accommodations have been secured.
Headquarters will be at the Nester Hotel.

Romulus, N. Y. C. B. Howard, Sec.

New Y'ork.— A Bee-Keepers' Institute
will be held in the parlor of the Central
Hotel, Market Street, Amsterdam, N.Y., on
Monday, Dec. U, 1905. This meeting will be
held under the direction of the Bureau of
Farmers' Institutes of New York State De-
partment of Agriculture, by the Fulton and
Montgomery Counties Bee-Keepers' Society,
assisted by the United States Department of
Agriculture. Dr. E. F. Philips, Acting in
Charge of Apiculture United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, is expected to be present
and address this meeting, and a good attend-
ance is much desired. T. I. Dug dale. Sec.

West Galway, N. Y.

I (^.80 Foi
I dS, 200 Egq
INCUBATOR

Perfect In coDstmotioQ RDd
■ jclion. natohes every fertile
. egg. Wrive for catalog to-d»j

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Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundatioa, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

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Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Telephone
Facts

Facts are what tbe farmer wants,
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If you want to know how others have
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^ ■■How the Telephone Helps the
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use, and whether you buy

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TELEPHONES

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which will enable you to
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build the right lice and
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N. Y.. Chicago, III.

6

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Ijve Stock. Price Si a year, l>iit for

a short time will be sent a year on

trial for 10c and names of ten farmers wliu yrow corn.

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BARNES' FOOT POWER MAGHINEBT

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " "We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a e^eat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog' and price-list free.
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Bee Journal 'n'hen Trrlting.

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Dec. 7. 190S

THt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

849

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Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everything in
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if I want any more smokers your new style is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re*
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Frkd Fodnek,

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Is what we are making- for our customers.
— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —
We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis.

Micnioan Disin&utors

Q. B. Lewis Go's BEEWARE
Dadant's Foundation

WITH an enormous stock, and the best ship-
ping point in Michigan, we are in a posi-
tion to give you the very best service.

SPECIAL.— A quantity of Dovetail and Wis-
consin Hives, slightly damaged by water,
in packages of S at $1.25 per hive for 1)4-
story 8 frame ; lOframe, $1.40 per hive.
Satisfaction guaranteed.

A. G. WOODMAN CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Mention Bee Journal vrben -nrlttng.

49C7t

THE

PENNSYLVANIA

SPECIAL

The Pioneer IH Hour Train

CHICAGO TO NBW YORK

Leaves Chicago daily at - 3:45 p. m.

Union Station
Arrives New York - 9:45 next a.m.

RETDRNINO

Leaves New York - 3:55 p.m.
Arrives Chicago - - 8:55 a.m.

Electric Lighted Throughout.

Compartment Observation Car — Club

Car and Standard Sleepers

Chicago to New York.

City Ticket Office, 248 S. Clark Street.

Fit detailed information address

C. L. KIMBALL

- Assistant Gen. I'asseoger Agent,

No. 2 SI'.erman Street,

CHICAGO

10-Page Catalog Free!

4^

Tl Full inlnrmiUion retfardinK all kinds of BEE-
KEKPEIIS' SUPPLIES. Best goods. Latest im-
provements. Danzenbaker Hives and Fixtures.
Prompt shipments. Jubn; Nbbel & Son Supply

>mpt
,HiK

CO., liiRh iiiil. a4o.

3Dtf

THIS IS
THE LOCK

corner that we have told
you about, and as you will
see it can't warp nor split
oil as it passes by and nails
firm to the side. Prices right
— quality right— workman-
ship right.

Our discount discounts everything. Postal
gets a circular.

T116 Wood B66-fliV6 & Box Go.

LANSING, MICH.

39Dtf Please mention the Bee JournaL

FRUIT BOOKS FREE

>"-\ul vnur naiiifiUHl aiMnssat once and
>"U will re..'fiv(.' liy rriinii iiuiil sample
'■'ipi's 1.1" tiie Rest I-'imit ]'\ii:k and full
|>,iilicvi)arj^ ahixit tin- '-r.n.. .1 .math an
I'nnl r'...<iks," wlii.-li uiayl.c h-i-uix'.I J'ree.

FRUIT-GROWER COMPANY

'V.l S'.'LTU Ttii 8tiu:j:t, .ST. JUSLI'H. MO,

DON'T BE BOTHERED

with lice i>n poultry. Hi-hildV Lielit-
»tne Lice Killing xMachliie instant-
ly removes theni from tiniest «liic-k
or fatgobblep. 3 sizes. Also Poultry
Bits. Lice Murder, Lipbtnlnp Lice
ICillinjr Powder, etc. Catalotr f i pe.

OIIART.es SCnTTJ» CO..
R Fruiibti>rt St. Cleveland, J.

7 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by-
Cash during December. Send for our Catalog-.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

850

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec.

lyoi

Two Years for One Dollar!

After a man succeeds in publishing a good journal, the next step is that of
getting- it into the hands of the people, of getting them to reading it, and becom-
ing acquainted with its merits. This can be done by advertising, sending out
sample copies, circulars, etc. All this costs money. I think I am safe in say-
ing that for every new subscriber I have received I have paid out $2.00 in adver-
tising ; hence, I have often said that a publisher of a good journal could aflford
to send his paper one year free, for the sake of getting it into new hands. It
would cost no more than other forms of advertising, and would be very effective,
but, for obvious reasons, this plan could not be put in practice, but I am going
to come as near to it as I can. I have between 200 and 300 complete sets of back
numbers for the present year, and as long as the supply holds out I will send a
complete set, and the rest of this year free to any one who will send me $1.00 for

the Review for 1906.

The Review for 1905

It is impossible, in this space, to more than
touch briefly upon a few points. Perhaps the
leading feature for the year is a series of
arlicles on Iseeping bees in large numbers.

10,000 Colonies

in the aggregate are owned by a dozen men
whose articles appear in the Review for this
year No one of these men has less than 400
colonies, and one has 1700 ! These men have
kept bees in large numbers. They have suc-
ceeded. Tbev have made money. They point
the way tor others. They tell how many colo-
nies in the home-yard will justify the starting
of an out-apiary ; how far apart outapiaries
ought to be located; how locations should be
selected ; the best methods of traveling from
apiary to apiary; how hives and increase
shall be secured ; what kind of honey shall be
produced; how to solve the swarming prob-
lem ; what are the greatest obstacles, and how
to overcome them.

Perhaps the one article that attracted the
most attention was by H. G. Sibbald, of Can-
ada, and was entitled

Ahead of Shook-SwaFming.

The article described a method possessing
the following advantages: No shaking of
the bees; no handling of the brood; no pos-
sibility of the queen being in the wrong hive;
no danger of after-swarming; no increase
unless desired (but easy if wanted) ; no queen-
cells to hunt up and destroy, yet the whole
force of bees may be kept together the whole
season, and each colony may be requeened
with a queen from a naturally-built cell.

There is no doubt that there are thousands

of

Dollars Wasted

in the rendering of wax that might be saved
if proper methods were employed. The best
article that I ever saw on the subject was
written by Mr. E. D Townsend, and appeared
in one of the issues of the Review for this
year. The number of new and practical ideas
furnished by him in regard to the profitable
and comfortable rendering of wax will be a
surprise, even to the veterans. He also illus-
trates and describes a wax-press that any per-
son of ordinary ability can make for only S3. 00
or .*4.00, and It is the equal, if not the supe-
rior, of a high-priced, factory-made press.

Tip the Hive Over

so that it will rest upon its back end, use a
little smoke along the lower edges of the
brood-combs, and it is an easy matter to
determine if the bees are building queen-cells
and getting ready to swarm. The only diffi-
culty is that the supers are likely to slide oS.
but Mr. F. G. Cyrenius has invented a simple,
cheap clamp that can be put on the hive in
five seconds, no matter how many supers
there are upon it, and it will hold the supers
on so securely that the hive might be rolled
about the yard without their coming loose.
By this arrangement it is an easy matter to
examine 100 colonies in an hour without ever
opening a hive. It was illustrated and de-
scribed this year in the Review.

Advanced Bee Culture

A new edition of this book will be out some time this month, and, without
doubt, will be the most beautifully gotten up bee-book that has ever been pub-
lished in this country. It is printed on heavy enameled paper, profusely illus-
trated with beautiful halftone engravings, and the front cover embellished with
a green vine of clover — a golden bee sipping honey from one of the snow-white

blossoms.

Most important of all, however, is the simplicity and freshness, the inspi-
ration and real helpjulness of its contents. From years of experience as bee-
keeper and editor, I have told in plain, simple language, what I believe to be the
most advanced methods of keeping bees for profit, from early spring to the end
of the year. The book is almost wholly re-written, and contains nearly twice as
much matter as did the former editions. In short, every man who would make
the most money out of bee-keeping as a business, must have the book.

The price of the book will be $1.20, postage paid ; or the Review and the
book for only $2.00. If you send $2 00 before the back numbers of the Review
are all gone, the back numbers will be sent just as soon as your order is received,
your name placed upon the subscription list to the end of next year, and, as soon
as Advanced Bee Culture is out (probably two or three weeks) it will be mailed to
vou.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

i2l"e honey- jars

The No. 25 Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tipbt, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

1 gross lots $4 50 per gross

S " " 4.00 "

Also in strong HE-SHlPPINa CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom— a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 " 95

10 " -90 "

Eght ounce Tumblers, tin caps,3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz S5c

10 " " •' 80c

20 " •' " "5c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 Ji 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

For Sale-2 5,000 Lbs. rtlne'd

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound for the lot, or 6Kc

for less, P. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnil.

FOR SALE

Until further notice, fiae-t qualily new crop
California Water White While Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in tO-lb. tins, 2 in a case: new
cans and new cases Write for pri,.es and sam
pies, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKfN
265 & 267 Greenwich stree:. New York, N.i
34Atf Please meniion the Bee Journal.

New Comb Honey-Chop of 1905

We believe it would pay those having u in car
lots or otherwise to write us-. Give u-* >our low-
est ppot cash prices, and fully desciibe the
goods and slyleof package: when you cai3 ship,
etc. We handle more ot these goods than any
other firm iu the U.S. Y^ours for bnsiness,
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON. Bees and Honey

Manzanola, Colo., and Fairfield, III.
28Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

ORiaOS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
4lAtf Please mention the Bee Jonrna).

Big Discounts
on Bee=Supplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey- packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Not. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1... 4 "

Jan. 1 " " I April 1 S "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

•-PURE ALFALFA^

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Alfalfa

HONEV in 60-pound cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 3 cans,
boxed, at SX cents a pound ; 4 or more cans at
one time, 8 cents a pound— all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

'AND BEEp/\

SUPPLY '

YORK HONEY

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention Bee Journal iThen wrltlnK>

Dec. 7. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

851

LowestPrices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 "

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 G

" March 1 i

" April 1 2 ••

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for 15 years (monthly,
50c a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N.Y.
Mention Bee Jonmal Trben writing.

Chicago, Nov. 17.— There has been a steady
trade in honey to the small dealers who nsoally
lay in a little stock at this time of the year.
Prices are practically unchanged. The fancy
grades of white comb bring I4^15c; that which
Is a little off l@2c less; amber grades, lOI&nc;
dark and damaged lots, 7@10 cents. Extracted ,
white. 6@7>ic; amber, 6@7c. Beeswax steady
at 30c. R. A. BuRifBTT A Co.

Kansas Citt, Oct. 9.— The honey market
here at present is very strong ai $3.25 per case
for No. 1 and fancy white comb in 24-section
cases; amber and other grades selling for less
according to quality. Extracted in good de-
mand at 6Kc. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clkmons a Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 24.— The demand for comb
honey is relaxing to some extent, owing to the
majority of the trade being well supplied. All
fears of a comb honey famine have been al-
layed. We quote fancy white comb honey at
14@16c. Extracted honey is in fair demand.
<3note amber at 5X@6Hc, according to the pack-
age and quality. Fancy white and white clover
extracted at 6ii(Sf»Hc. We are paying 2*iic per
pound delivered here for choice yellow beeswax.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

The Frkd W.Muth Co.

ToLKDO, Oct. 17— The honey'market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the same as
last quotationj. Fancy white comb brings ISc;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, b%@6iic;
amber, in barrels, 5@5Jic; in cans, Ic to IMc
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

NbwYork, Nov. 17.— There is a fair demand
for all grades of white as well as buckwheat,
and receipts are abont sufficient to meet the de-
mand. Prices are unchanged. We quote:
Fancy white, at 14@15c; No. 1, at 12@13c; am-
ber, at ll@12c; buckwheat, at lOisll cents. Ex-
tracted honey: Market i« well stocked with
California, which is coming along in lar^e
<juantitie8. The demand is fair mostly in

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW G-OES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

7 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

^ ^ DECEMBE Ri^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER '='

OHIce ind Silesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

I

small-sized lots. Prices remain about the same,
5M^'6i^c per pound, according' to quality and
quantitj. Southern in barrels at 52@57c per
g^allon. New crop West Indian is now begin-
ning to arrive and is selling at from 60(aJ63c per
gallon. Beeswax firm at 2S(ri<30c per gallon.

HIX.DRBTH A SbOBLKBN

Philadelphia, Nov. 20. — The demand has
been very good for honey in the past 10 days.
In fact, it takes a little sharp, cool weather to
get people started, and when they do start, the
demand continues for some months. We would
say, now is the height of the honey season. We
quote, iu a jobbing way: Fancy comb, 15''^"l7c;
No. 1, 13!^lSc; amber, 12@13c. Extracted, fancj
white, "(oiSc; amber, 65ic. Beeswax firm at 28c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Albany, N.Y.. Nov. 8.— Oar honej market is
in healthy conditioa; demand good; receipts
about equal to demand. Prices are not quite as
high as last year, but the tendency has been to
work ofif the honey before cold weather, and we
think the crop has come forward more than
usual this season, which is a good sign. We
quote: Fancy white clover, 15c; A No. 1, 14c;
No. 1, 13c; buckwheat, fancy, 13c; A No. 1,12c;
No, 1, ll@12c; straight buckwneat is wanted in
this market. Extracted, quiet; white, 7^c;
mixed, 6i^c; buckwheat, 6>6c. Beeswax scarce
at 30c. ' U. R. Wright.

iNriANAPOLis, Nov. 7. — There is a tendency
for higher prices on best grades of honey. The
demand for stricily fancy white comb hooey
exceeds the supply. Demand for lower grades
of comb honey not good. Numerous shipment?

of honey arriving, but no one producer seems to
have very great quantities to offer. I quote
fancy white at 15@l6c; No. I in poor demand at
12c, and amber dull atlOc. Best grade extracted
brings 8@9c in 60-lb. cans; amber slow at 5c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. Walter S. Pouder.

Denver, Nov. 11. — No. 1 white comb honey,
per case of 24 sections, $3.35; No. 1 light amber.
f3.00; No. 2, $2 50®3.00. Extracted honey, 6M
@7 cts. per pound. Supply is light and we
con d make quick sales of consignments at
above figures. We pay 24c for clean, yellow
beeswax delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Nov. 17. — The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the prices high. We quote as fol-
lows; Fancy water-white and No. 1 white clo-
ser, 14@loc; No. 2, 12@14c. Extracted seems to
be more plentiful, and we quote same in barrels,
light amber, 5'4@5i^c; in cans, i-^c more; white
clover, 7@Sc. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C. H.W. Webbk.

San Francisco, Nov. 22.— White comb, 1-lb,
sections, S@') cents; amber, 6®7c Extracted,
water-white, 43-i@5c; white, 4H@4^ic; light am-
ber, 3K@4 cents; amber,3®3l6c; dark amber,
2^@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 26@27c;
dark, 25c.

Plenty of honey is now offering at the ap-
pearing quotations, but very little trading is
being done, as dealers generally are of the
opinion that lower prices will prevail. The
quality of tlie receipts has been good so far this
seasoa and would indicate that the crop is quite
large.

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8e

TWO OR MORE CRATES; 7'^
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. CINCINNATI. CASH WITHORDER. SAMPLES 1 Oc
TO PAY POSTAGE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SEND FOR CATALOG OF BEE SUPPLIES WITH SPECIAL DISCOUNT.

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey— FaDcy white, "c; fancy
amber, 6U'c ; '^c less in 5 case lots or more.
C. C. CLEMONS & CO.
4Sit£ KANSAS CITY, MO.

rtONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 Sooth WATER ST. Chicago. III.

852 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Dec. 7, 1905

AGENTS WANTED

For Lewis' Goods by the Carload

MAINE

NEW HAMPSHIRE

VERMONT

MASSACHUSETTS

CONNECTICUT

FOR,

RHODE ISLAND
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
MISSISSIPPI
ALABAMA

GEORGIA
FLORIDA
LOUISIANA
SOUTHERN OHIO

Liberal territory given.
For further particulars address Home Office

6. B. LEWIS CO. -liir Watertown,Wis.

XT ^ A ^

XJ. S. A.

Tfv Ttr ^iwF ^»^

■Wto. j» §'g, Mjt -MJi.- jllfe -wlf^- -"'fe: jufer ^*fe aife JJ^Jm iJKi i^Sl JL^at ^^fc

Are You Going to the National Bee-Keepers'

Convention at Chicago Dee. 19, 20, 21 ?

If so, be sure to make your headquarters

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY GO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ing Convention and city. Respectfully,

G. B. LEWIS CO.

Bee Journal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., DECEMBER 14, 1905

No. 50

Officers-Elect of the National Bee-Keepers' Association for 1906

President C. P. Dadant.

Vice-President Geo. E. Hilton.

General Manager N. E. Frajice.

Secretary W. Z Hutchinson.

^m.

i
i

i
m

¥^

*^

m

m

i

was

1^

m

^it»

854

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 14, 1905

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BX

6E0RGE W.YORK GCONPAMY

334 Dearborn Street, Ghicaoo, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE StTBSCRIPTION PRICE ol this Journal ta
Bl.un' a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABBIi DATE indicates the
end of the month to which yoursubscriplio ■ ispai.l.
For instance, '"dec* to" on your label shows that, it is
paid to the end of Dtcember.

8TJBSCKIPTI0N RECEIPTS— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pny subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that tJie money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

jat —To promote the interests of its members.

2(1.— To protect and delend its members in their
lawful ridhts. , .... ^ ,,.. ,. *

3d.— To enforce laws against tae adulteration oi
tioney*

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E.Fkanck, Platteville.Wia.

ty If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
ooblishers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tlie Honey-Producers' League

( INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertlsinK-

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual lee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 2n) colonies of bees (spring count;
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
Arm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of bis or its capital used in

.the allied interests of bee-keepinc.

George W. York, Manager,

3a4 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

NowistheTifflfttoOrder

Your Bee-Hive6, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
eon. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal irben vrrltlng.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Byj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he **prcfers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

:#if. ..-|k. >#k. .«-|«. .w|jr .wAjr. .«'l!^. .i#i>. -••i'. ..'•«. .>•«. .«•■>. .>4'. .«#■', .«•'. >•'. >*«. «ii«. «t^. •Ak. k*^. w*^. .'1^. WA^.
!#.«■ •<♦.•■ •'!♦.• -'.if '.tr ^f^f --.tf '.tf i«r --ty '-tf -'-tf -I*.* -'♦." •'».« -it? '.if -I*? :tf 'tf -'.tf i»r -^f

*' If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

.*%". si'"-

Root's Goods aiRoot's frlces

Evervthitig- used bv Bee Keepers.

POUDER'S HO.NEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .•. .•. Catalog Free.

If you wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my
free monthly piice-list of honey.

Why not secure your BEESUPPUBS NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE and avail
yourself of the following -very liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality.

For cash orders before Dec. 1 ..8 percent t For cash orders tefore Feb. 1. .6 percent

For cash orders before Jan. 1.. 7 percent I For cash orders beforeMar.l.. 4 percent

For cash orders befoi e Apr. 1 . . 2 percent

i«i 513-515 Massachusetts Ave.,

WALTER S. rOUDER, %

INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION l,%i^.^'^

Retail, Wholesale and Jobbing.
Owes its REPUTATION entirely to its MERITS, and our PERSISTENT EFFORTS to
MAKE the BEST and KEEP it the BEST.

It is TOUGH, CLEAR, and PERFECTLY TRANSPARENT, has the NATURAL SWEET
ODOR of PURE WAX, and the COLOR of the BRIGHTEST and LIGHTEST LEMON and
ORANGE.

We make a SPECIALTY of WORKING WAX into FOUNDATION for CASH, by the
TENS, HUNDREDS and THOUSANDS of POUNDS, and we are in the Best Shape to attend to
all oiders promptly, our capacity being 15'0 pounds daily.

FULL and COMPLETE LIN E of SUPPLIES, and the BEST ONLY.

Do not fail to write for SAMPLES of our Foundation, Dascriptive Catalog, PRICES and
DISCOUNTS, staling Quantity of Foundation wanted. Wax to be Worked, and List of other
Supplies, and Prices will be accordingly. Beeswax always wanted.

E. Grainger & Co , Toronto, Ontario .... Agents for Canada
The Bee and Hoxey Co., Beeville, Texas . . " Texas

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts, England ... " Great Britain

W. D. SoPER, Jackson, Michigan " Michigan

Mention Bee Journal when writing;. QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Money saved is Money Made

Bee-Supplies bought NOW are subject to a generous discount from our regular low
prices. We do this to Iseep our factory busy. Send us a list of what you need and we
will make you a price by return mail that will convince you.

If you want a catalog that is more than a price-list — that contains valuable infor-
mation on bee-keeping — you must hurry to have your name placed on our mailing-list.
Only a limited number will be printed. It's free, of course.

JOHN DOLL & SON,

Power Building-, - - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Mention Bee Journal irlien 'vrrltlns*

When attending the National Bee-Keepers'
Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19, 20, 21

COME AND INSPECT

LEWIS' BEE-VTARE

AND INIAKE YODR HEADQUARTERS AT

YORK HONEY ^sTpp^v' CO. ifnl)

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

We are also Western Agents for

The Cornell Incubator Mfg. Company

H. M. ARND, Inculjators, Brooders, and Poultry Supplies.

Mgr.
BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee.Supolies in exchange— delivered here.
7 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN DECEMBER on Bee-Supplies

De:. 14, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

855

I "DADANT'S POraDATIOI" I

-AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. 5-lbs. 10-lbs. 2Slbs. SO lbs.

Medium Brood 55 S3 51 49 48

Light Brood 57 SS S3 51 SO

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56 55

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63 61 59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During- September 10 percent

October 9 "

" November ^ 8 "

" December ....'.;."■.■. 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

.*%''. .^t'"- .*%'"■ JB^kr

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

BEE- SUPPLIES

Everything the beekeeper needp. Dislributirg houee for Lewis' Goods at Factory
Prices. Now is the time to buy for next season.

Cash Orders for regular Supplies before January,
7 percent Discount.

PINE EXTRACTED HONEY in cars or barrels. The best the world can produck
Samples 8 cents, to pay postage and packing. How much can you use? Prices quoted quic
on the quantity you mention.

AVe buy BEESWAX at all times in the year. Send for our Catalog and "Special"
—free.

Cim cr^f^ I I o ^r\ 1004 east wash, stree
• IVI. OwW I I 06 V^V/> INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •■}■

ET

.{..J. ^if.

m - SUDDliBS ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest ig-

variety of everything needed in the ^'

Apiary, assuring best goods at lowest ^^

[^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus- ^\

■^ trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. ^

.s> Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language. ^

^ KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa. 5;

j^ AGENCIES ^■

^ Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. &

■^ Shueart & Oaren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^"

'.^ Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. S^

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tlie Trade.

I Bee-Reepers' |
I Early Disconnts

Now is tht Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Get lew Subscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

Before < )ctober 1 . . .

'■ November 1.

" December 1.

.January 1.. .

" February 1. .

" March 1

" April 1

deduct 10 percent

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest Can talfe Honey and Beeswax
in exchange for Supplies if jou desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes and illustrates everythiag for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

521 Monroe Street,
T03L.B3DO, - OHIO.

Mention Bee Journal vrben WTitlnK.

856

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAS.

Dec. 14, 190S

AT CHICAGO

Our branch is located at 14+ E. Erie St. It is in charge of Mr. R. W. Boyden. We
keep at this branch a very complete stock of our bee-supplies. Shipping- there very fre-
quent carloads of goods, you can get from Chicago any special supplies with very little
delay. On regular supplies we can save you both time and freight.

Mr. Boyden is thoroughly familiar with our line of Supplies, and is also a born bee-
keeper. He knows the city. We trust our friends will feel perfectly free to ask his ser-
vices in any way. Mr. Boyden will be present at the National Convention, and stands
ready to accommodate you.

Our Line for 1906

OUR HIVES AND SECTIONS

Our hives and equipment, both for workmanship and clearness of stock, can not be excelled, and we doubt if they
have ever been equalled. So strong is the demand for these goods that there has been a strife in many cases among
dealers to get the Root Company's lines because they knew that everything that bears the Root brand is always popular
with the customer, aud always the best that money and brains can produce.

Our sections and frames for 1906 are even better than ever. They are inspected and re-inspected, and each inspector
is required to put in each box of sections that he passes upon his own inspector's card, so that if complaint is made this
card will come back on him. As he is anxious to hold his position and if possible get an increase in pay, it is clearly to
his interest, as well as that of the customer, to let nothing but perfect goods pass.

THE ROOT AUTOMATIC EXTRACTORS

Our extractors for 1906 in point of improvements and quality of workmanship leave everything else in the shade.
The four, six and eight frame machines have the finest automatic reversing mechanism that has ever been put into a
machine. Even the two frame models can have the reversing mechanism put on at a slight additional cost ; but we do not
ordinarily advise buying the two-frame automatic. Steel construction has been substituted for cast iron wherever practi.
cable.

OUR CATALOG FOR 1906

A great improvement over last year. Entirely revised and rewritten. New cover. New cuts. Every article is
classified. No price-tables to confuse. The price of each articleis directly under the description or illustration. The first
edition is now on the press. If you wish a copy of this let us have your name now.

DeceinDer isiti Gieaninos

When this issue of the American Bee Journal reaches you our Splendid
Christmas Issue will be ready for mailing. Without doubt the finest bee-maga-
zine ever printed. Three-Color Cover. 100 pages of matter. Many beautiful
halftones. Extremely valuable articles. We have a limited number of copies
which we will sell at 10 cents each. Better send 25 cents now, and we will send
the Magazine for 6 months' trial, and include this number, or, better still, send
Sl.CO for the year. You will find Gleanings in all principal clubbing lists.

,•^1'. .«^>r. >|t^ ^%''- -*'4*- -'■t*- -^AjLjijI''- ■'*^' ■*ij'-

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, fledina, Ohio

BRANCHES : 144 trie St., Ghicago

10 Vine St., PhiladelDhia

44 Veseu St., New York

r ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

(Entered at tbe Post-OtBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Published liVeekly at 91.00 a Tear by George %V. Tork & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

QBORQB W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, DECEMBER 14, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 50

=\

€bttoriaI Hotes
anb (Eotnmcnts

J

National and Chicago-Northwestern Conventions Next
Weelc

Next Tuesday evening (Dec. 19) the National conven-
tion will begin its annual sessions in Brunt Hall, Bush
Temple of Music, corner of Chicago Avenue and North
Clark Street, Chicago.

The Revere House, corner of North Clark and Michigan
Streets, will be the hotel headquarters of the convention.

Also, at the Revere House, next Tuesday, at 2 p.m., will
be held a business session of the Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association.

It is hoped that there may be a large attendance of bee-
keepers at all the sessions of both Associations.

Treatment of Bee-Slanders

Clippings sent in by different persons show that the
yarn about the ruin of the grape crop by the bees in Indiana
has been widely copied outside that State as well as inside.
While items of this kind are always welcomed at this ofBce,
it does very little good to refute slanders upon the bee in
these columns. The readers of the American Bee Journal
do not need informing in this direction ; the people that do
not read bee-papers are the ones that need informing. The
place to do the most good is where the harm has already
been done — in the newspapers which contain the slanders.
If each bee-keeper who finds in his paper some incorrect
utterance regarding bees would at once send to such paper
a correction respectfully worded, such correction would gen-
erally be received in a kindly spirit, and much good would
result. On page 794 an instance is given. Let others be
ready to help on the good work.

Influence of Larval Food

During the past few years there has been much interest
among Australian bee-keepers regarding what seemed a
sort of mysterious disappearance of bees, whole apiaries
being almost entirely swept away. Mr. R. Beuhne has
been an especial sufferer, and, as reported in the Australa-
sian Bee-Keeper, he now thinks the trouble may be traced

to the pollen consumed. Not that the pollen is at all pois-
onous to the older bees, but that it is so deficient in the
right kind of material that larvae fed upon it are deficient
in stamina, and succumb easily to adverse conditions, both
in the cell and after emerging from it. Mr. Beuhne says :

"Dr. Cherry demonstrated by scientific reasoning that •
ill nourishment of the larvK resulted in lack of vigor, and
impaired vitality in the perfect insect. It is not a question
of quantity of food, but one of quality, a deficiency of nitro-
gen. As bee-keepers, we know that a deficiency in quantity
of larval food is corrected at once by the worker-bees in re-
stricting brood-rearing, or, should it occur suddenly, by
throwing out eggs and even lai-vK. We have no proof,
however, that bees can discriminate as to the quality of the
pollen, and even honey. In fact, we do know that they
sometimes have recourse to substitutes ; they occasonally
store flour for pollen, and fruit-juice for honey, both of
which decompose in the combs under certain conditions of
atmosphere. Assuming, however, that bees will use these
substitutes only under stress of circumstances, which would
be evident even to the bee-keeper, and leaving them there-
fore out of consideration, the report of the analysis of pol-
len we have received from Dr. Cherry shows that the per-
centage of protein, that is nitrogen, in a digestible form is
very variable in different kinds of pollen, ranging from 27
percent down to 17 percent.

" As you all know, all larvae under normal conditions
are supplied by the nurse-bees with all the food they can
absorb, and in the case of queen-larvje with a surplus, so
that deficiency in quality could not be made good by addi-
tional food. Taking the best sample of pollen and the
worst, that with 27 percent of protein and that with only 17
percent, we tind the larva; consuming the latter get more
than one-third less protein in the same quantity of food
than the former, resulting in feeble resistance to disease-
germs in the larval stage, and weakness, predisposition to
disease, susceptibility to cold, and premature wearing out
of the perfect insect."

Raising the Price of the American Bee Journal

We have received the following from one of our inter-
ested readers :

Mr. Editor : — Replying to your call for suggestions
that will make the American Bee Journal more helpful to
its readers, I venture one or more that possibly may not
occur to all others, because their bearing is indirect rather
than direct.

I take it for granted that any editor and publisher who
has been in the business as many years as you have, and
has studied as you appear to have done to cater to the wants
of his readers, has dreamed out a number of things that he
would like to do, and could do if he had an unlimited bank
account on which to draw, without caring how much of it
came back again.

So, instead of hinting at this thing and that which you
may have already thoutjht of, or which may be suggested
by others, my suggestion is that you put more money into

858

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 14, 190S

the Journal, and thus be able to carry out some of your
dreams for improvement. Truly an original thought !

"Can't put into it more than you can get out of it?"
Just about what I thought you'd say. Well, then, you must
get more out of it.

"How?" The simplest thing in the world; ask more
for it. Instead of having the subscription price one dollar
a year, make it a dollar and a half.

Now, look here ; before you dismiss that suggestion
with a wave of the hand, and the curt reply that you can't
get enough subscribers at a dollar, and if you asked a dollar
and a half your list would drop so low that sure failure
would follow, just give me the floor long enough to make a
few remarks.

Your subscribers are possessed, no doubt, of a consider-
able degree of selfishness, as people in general are, and
they probably have no desire to pay more money for the
simple purpose of having you get more. But even admit-
ting their selfishness — and I may say by way of parenthesis
that bee-keepers as a class will compare quite favorably
with mankind in general in the matter of unselfishness —
they are at the same time an intelligent lot, and they under-
stand that it is true economy to pay a higher price for a
really good article rather than a lower price for something
not so good. So a large proportion of them would be will-
ing to put more money into the American Bee Journal if
they can get the worth of their money.

Indeed, they would no doubt be willing to pay a good
bit more for the said Journal if they were sure it would
never be a whit better than it is now — at least many of them
would — and the proof lies in the prices that many of them
do pay now for other bee-papers. Fifty cents or a dollar a
year for a paper that comes once a month. That makes
each number cost 4' o cents or S'j cents. Take the smallest
amount, 4}6 cents. If they are willing to pay that for
another paper, why do they not pay it for yours, each num-
ber of which contains as much matter, and at least of as
good quality? Simply because you do not ask it. Let us
see: If they should pay 4; o cents for each of the 52 num-
bers of the American Bee Journal, that would make $2.16 a
year. If they are paying to others at that rate, why not to
you ? Still more willingly ought they not to be willing to
pay a little less than three-fourths of that, making it $1.50
a year ? i

They would do so all the more cheerfully because they
understand that any publication that depends for its patron-
age upon a special class must necessarily be at a higher
price, as witness the price of journals for the different pro-
fessions, trade journals, and church jonrnals. Also because
there is now an upward tendency of prices in general, and a
number of the literary monthlies have raised their prices.

Please don't understand that in the foregoing I am
moved by an unusual amount of altruism. Simply as a
business proposition I want more value, and as a matter of
common honesty I'm willing to pay the price.

A Constant Reader.

Really, there is no getting away from the arguments
advanced by " A Constant Reader " in the foregoing.

He also hits the nail squarely on the head when he says
that we are desirous of improving the old American Bee
Journal still more. And the only thing that prevents doing
it to the extent we would like to do is the " limited bank
account." Any one who knows even a little bit about pub-
lishing a bee-paper knows it is no bonanza. But we are
not looking for bonanzas or riches. What we want is to do
a straight, honorable business, and make a fair living at
it— and at the same time be a help to others. But if prices
of labor and materials continue to increase we will be com-
pelled to raise the subscription price of the American Bee
Journal, and say nothing about improving it.

We think it is no egotism for us to say that the Ameri-
can Bee Journal is the cheapest bee-paper in America to-
day, and its contents second to none. We believe the best
beekeepers would endorse that statement. Then it ought
to have the largest circulation of any of the bee-papers.
Why it hasn't is doubtless because it is published at so low
a price as to prevent pushing it adequately, and also because
it has not some larger side-line of business with which to

boost it up — such as manufacturing bee-keepers' supplies,
as several of the other bee-papers have back of them.

But we do not wish to raise the subscription price of
the American Bee Journal if we can possibly avoid it. No
doubt most of our readers would willingly pay the increased
price, but whj not, instead, turn in and help increase its
list of regular readers sufiBciently, and thus insure its price
remaining at one dollar a year? Many charges, or ex-
penses, are fixed, whether the circulation be ten thousand
or thirty thousand. For instance, the cost of oSice help and
rent, typesetting, engravings, etc. — these and some other
expenses are just the same on ten thousand copies as on
fifty thousand. So if we could greatly increase our number
of readers, it would help wonderfully.

How many will send in at least one tiew subscription
with their own renewals for 1906 ? Perhaps some can get
several new readers for next year.

HltsccUoneous
Heips •:* 3 terns

^

J

Result of the National Eleetion.— We have received
the following from the chairman of the Board of Directors
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association :

Lapeer, Mich., Dec 4, 1905.

Friend York : — Below I give you result of the vote for
the election of oflScersof the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion for the coming year :

Total vote for President 876. C. P. Dadant has 724, O.
L. Hershiser 149 ; Surface, Hutchinson and Harris, 1 each.

Total vote for Vice-President 810. Geo. E. Hilton has
685, Dadant 91, Marks 8 , Green 6, York 4, Hutchinson 4;
Laws 2 ; Coley, Holekamp, Stachelhausen, A. C. Miller,
Elwood, Rohrig, Mclntyre, Chantry, Putnam and Crane, 1
vote each.

Total vote for Secretary 889. W. Z. Hutchinson has
763, Jas. A. Green 111, Geo. E. Hiltou 2; Laws, Stone and
York, 1 vote each.

Total vote for General Manager 878. N. E. France has
852, Wm. Rorig 23, Frank Rauchfuss 2, and Hutchinson 1.

Total vote for Directors 2560. F. Wilcox has 491, C. A.
Hatch 490, E. R. Root 466, E. W. Alexander 444, M. H. Men-
delson 333, Walter S. Pouder 288, Geo. W. York 6, Dr. J.
Rick 3 ; Laws, Kochen, Muth, Hutchinson, A. C. Miller, 2
each; and Dittmer, Crane, Hasty, Abbott, Brown, Green,
Acklin, Putnam, Weber, Chantry, Coggshall, Hershiser,
Moore, West, Voight, Selser, Lathrop, Fouch, Rorig, Stir-
face, Wall, Holekamp, Holterman, Mclntyre, Stone, Den-
man, Philips, Rauchfuss and Aikin, 1 each.

C. P. Dadant is elected President ; Geo. E. Hilton, Vice-
President ; W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretary ; N. E. France,
General Manager ; and F. Wilcox, C. A. Hatch and E. R-
Root are Directors. Yours,

R. L. Taylor,
Chairtnan Board of Directors.

Lightning Bug and Honey-Bee.— H. D. Talladay of
Michigan, sends us the following, which is amusing, at
least, and will serve to give variety if nothing else ■-

"But the queerest friendship of this sort that ever came
to my knowledge was 'tween a lightnin' bug an' a honey-
bee. The fust I noticed of it was one June arternoon, 'long
to'rds dusk, when I see a black bug, 'bout half 'n inch long
on one of my bee-hives, which, on lookin' closer, I found to
be a lightnin' bug or firefly, as some folks calls 'em.

" Pretty soon a bee lit close by an' crawled to'rds the
bug, as I thought to drive it off ; for, you know, bees will
pitch into an' kill any intruder that gits into their hives,
even a strange bee. Wall, sir, the bee, instidof tryin' to
drive it off, atcherly rubbed up against the bug, kinder
caressin' like, an' fin'ally dropped a small drop o' honey,
which the bug went to eatin', and when he's et all he wanted
they both flew away together.

" Wall, of course, I was surprised, an' I was curious to

Dec. 14, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

859

Directors^Elect of the National Bee^Keepers' Association

FRANKLIN WILCOX

O. A. HATCH

ERNEST R. ROOT

see what would happea next ; an' in a little while back they
b )th come, the bee goin' into thj hivi aa' the bug- lie^htin'
oa the outside. Bitueby the bee come out, aa' off they
went a^in ; an' when they come back this time it was dark,
an' I'm dumbed if the lig-htnin' bug- warn't on ahead an'
lightin' the bee to the hive !

"Wall, they kep' this up for several nights; but I
noticed that the bee was losing flesh, an' in about a week
he was nothin' but skin an' bone. So much overtime was
telliu' on him. One eveuiu' he fell to the ground exhausted,
an' in a few minits he expired.

"The lightnin' bug took on awfully, an' crawled 'round
and 'round his dead comrade an' acted almost frantic. He
flew on to the hive an' jest sot there an' moped, refusin' to
eat a mouthful, an' in a few days he follered his friend.

" I thought some at the time of tryin' to cross the two
insects an' raise a bee that could work night an' day ; but I
didn't. An' I s'pose if anybody tried it now the unions
would raise a rumpus, so I guess I won't bother." — New
York Press.

Mp. Thos. J. Stanley, of the firm of Th^s. C Stanley &
San of Minzmola, Colo., called on us recently when in
Chicago. The Stanleys are perhaps the largest handlers of
comb honey in the United States. Through their manage-
ment this season they undoubtedly saved Eistern bee-
keepers a good deal of money, by buying up and holding
much Western comb honey that might hive been dumped
on the honey centers like Chicago and cities further east,
and thus cause a weakening of prices. Instead of that,
however, honey prices have not only been sustained, but
advanced a little over last year's prices. This should put
things in good shape for the crop of 1906.

Mr. Stanley says that carloads of comb honey in the
West average 30,000 pounds.

He also reported that Colorado's honey crop was prac-
tically a total failure this year. His firm runs about 2000
colonies in S or 6 apiaries, and not only got no honey, but
had to feed for wintering. Surely it has been a very dis-
couraging season for Colorado bee-keepers.

-V (£ontrtbutcb ^-
Special Clrticlcs

=/

Difference in Honey Results of .Colonies

IIY C. M. DOOLITTLE.

A BEE-KEEPER called on me a few days ago, and in our
conversation lie brought out the idea that it was im-
possible to have the colonies in any apiary give any-
where near the same results in honey. Me said tliat some of
his colonies gave a surplus of only 10 pounds of section honey,
while others produced from 50 to 75 sections, well filled. I
told him that I thought tliis could be remedied to quite an
extent, but he seemed to doubt it; and as I have many letters
on this subject, perhaps it would be well to have a little talk
on the matter through the columns of the .\inerican Bee
Journal.

I used to find things very much as this man and others
claim they do at this time, but of late years I have succeeded
in making each colony produce nearly like results ; that is, if
one colony contains 60,000 bees and gives 100 sections of sur-

plus honey, I am able to secure about that amount from every
colony in the apiary having that number of bees ; while a
colony having 30.000 bees will give a yield of 50 sections. If
I fai^o secure the 60,000 bees in any and all colonies, it is
not me bees that are to blame for this state of affairs, but
myself; and the bee-keeper who cannot bring each colony up
to'tlie standard of OO.OOO at the beginning of tlie best honey-
tlow. w-ill not meet with as good success as will the one who
can.

Then, the bee-keeper who fails to make the colony with
30,000 bees give nearly half as good results as the colony with
60.000, will not meet with the success that he might were he
able to do this. I have been years studying on this matter,
and this study has shown me that colonics which I pronounced
"exactly alike" on June 1st would not be so at the time the
honey harvest was at its best. The trouble was that 1 did
not have the knowledge that I sliould have had regarding the
working force of my bees at all times, nor of the amount of
brood in each hive, which was to give this working force at
the time of the honey harvest.

For instance, the colony which I called my best on Jiine
1st might become one of the poorest by July 10th, at which
time the main honey-flow from basswood would be on. This,
as a rule, would come about by one queen not keeping up
her laying capacity as well as another, or, in other words, she
would not be laying Iter maximum number of eggs from 30 to
50 days before the arrival of this main honey-flow. Let me
try to illustrate what 1 wish to bring out.

Near me lives a man who is interested in fancy poultry,

860

I^HE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 1 4 1905

and the demand for eggs from his stock comes in the spring,
the eggs to be used for breeding purposes; and the prices
which he gets at that time are almost fabulous. Being there
a few days ago. he came from his chicken-house with two
eggs from his spring pullets. I ventured the remark to him.
the same as the ordinary barn-yard poultry keeper would do,
"Quite lucky that your pullets have begun laying thus, right
on the eve of the high winter prices for eggs, as eggs are
worth about 3 cents each at the grocery now, and will be still
higher before the holidays."

He gave me a glance which told me that he thought I
did not know much about keeping fancy poultry (and he was
right), and said. "I am using every effort at this time of the
year, through feed, .^tc, to keep these pullets from laying
now, for those which lay when eggs at the groceries are the
highest are not apt to lay much in the spring, when I can sell
my eggs at ten times as much, egg for egg, as I can during
the winter months."

This set me to thinking regarding the bees, and reminded
me that the queen which bred too prolifically "out of season"
was not the one which gave the best results when the honey
harvest was on.

I have often noticed that a colony which wintered ex-
tremely well, so that the queen goes to breeding very rapidly
in the early spring, does not equal the one which comes out in
an average condition, but commences brood-rearing in earnest
about May 20th to 30th. The reason is that by June 10th
the queen in the stronger one ceases to be as prolific as the
other, or becomes like the man's hens do which are laying
prolifically in mid-winter ; they giving few eggs in the spring,
just at the time when his eggs bring him the best price.

So the early strong colony spends all its best force at
producing bees prematurely, bringing them on the stage of
action too early to take advantage of the main honey harvest,
while the queen ceases her prolificness just in time so that
what workers there are store their first honey in the brood-
combs, thus crowding the queen down to less and less room,
with very little honey in the sections.

It has been noticed by very many, and many times, that if
the bees are allowed to get the start of the queen so as to
make any general storing of honey in the brood-chamber be-
fore entering the sections, during the first of the honey
harvest, such a colony will not give the best results in section
honey. And for these reasons I work as does my poultry-
fancying neighbor, to discourage all extra-prolific brood-
rearing, except at the time when such prolific breeding will
bring the bees in just the right time for the main honey-flow,
be that from white clover, basswood, or buckwheat, or all
three.

Then when the harvest arrives, if I find colonies which
do not have a hive more than half full of brood, dummies
are put in to take the place of the combs containing no brood,
and in this way I am enabled to make the colony containing
only 30,000 bees produce nearly half as much section honey
as does the one which has come up to the honey harvest in
the desired condition.

The colony given to early breeding can in a measure be
restrained by allowing it a scanty supply of stores, and con-
tracting the room in the brood-chamber with dummies till the
time comes for the rush of brood, when it will "rush to the
rescue" when you wish it to do so b-- filling out the hu^ with
combs having a liberal supply of honey in them. "

Those given to late brood-rearing can be hurried along,
when the right time comes, by giving a frame of brood from
one which "has rim a little too fast," together with stores
sufficient to make them feel in a prosperous condition, thus
bringing all up to the right point just at the right time, and
when best to take advantage of the main honey-flow when
it is on.

It is the attending to such items as these in bee-culture
that gives the best success. Borodino, N. Y.

#

Black Bees— A Reply to Allen Latham

BY HARRY LATHROP.

MR. ALLEN LATHAM, on page 775, has given expression
to thoughts that have doubtless occurred to many bee-
keepers. I know I have often remarked at the per-
sistency of the black race, and wondered if they would not
have proven as profitable in a honey-gathering way as any
other strain if the same care had been bestowed on them. I
have had experience with them for over 20 years, generally
having a few of them in one or the other of my yards. While
occasionally a colony would do as well as any of the others,

they never seemed to average as well. They were more often
found with small brood-chambers, queens that were poor lay-
ers, and gave evidence many times of being what they really
were — a run-out race.

Two years ago I purchased a whole apiary of black bees
and brought them here. I ran them one season, and that was
enough for me ; I want no more black bees in my business.
This season I sent to one breeder and procured breeders for
queens, and to another for queens from which to rear drones.
It is my ambition to rid this apiary of the last vestige of black
blood next year.

As I said before, I have had some black bees right along,
and tolerated them, but when it came to having a whole yard,
after having worked for years with Italians, I simply could
not endure them, and I think that were I compelled to breed
only blacks or quit bee-keeping, it would be quit.

I do not object to them so much on account of their
being cross; they are not so n uch crosscr than the others,
but in my practice I clip queens every spring. It is an easy
matte^ to find and clip Italian queens, but a hopeless task to
start in on a yard of blacks.

I favor the leather-colored Italians. They are good work-
ers, queens are easilv located ; in fact, any and every manipu-
lation is made with comfort and dispatch. I fully agree that
by proper care the black race might be made equal to any for
honey-gathering qualities, and we all like the way they cap
their comb honey, but they are so disagreeable to work with
that I think very few having had experience with them would
wish to increase the stock.

There is another reason why black bees are undesirable :
A cross between the black bee and the pure Italian results
in a good worker, but the Grossest bee on earth, unless it be
the Cyprian.

I have had hybrid colonies that were better than any
others for work, but such fighters that it became a serious
matter to get their honey away from them.

I believe in enjoying life as j-ou go along, if possible,
therefore the black bees and their crosses should be ruled out,
as they make life more or less miserable for those who must
work with them. On the other hand, the Italian race of bees,
with proper care, are good workers, prolific, beautiful, and
kindly disposed. After a great many 3-ears of active work,
during which time they have been on trial by nearly all the
more prominent bee-keepers, they are deservedly the most
popular race of bees to-dav. Bridgeport, Wis., Nov. 14.

#

Honey Marketing and Publicity

BY JAMES WILCOCK

THE article appearing- on page 743 is the best that I have
seen ; and please allow me to state that there is room
for the sale of hundreds of tons of honey in this coun-
try ; that is, honey of first-class quality, but the people
here seem to have a great prejudice against American honey
— they seem to think it is all adulterated. I have tried to
persuade them that it is an impossibility to manufacture
comb honey ; in fact, you can scarcely sell comb honey, but
of good extracted honey you can sell any amount. _ I have
never had any difficulty in selling my honey. I pat it up in
1-pound glass jars, and fix a label on them, and by putting
on that label, if my honey was not pure, I should render
myself liable under the Food and Drugs Act, to a fine of
from $20 to $100.

I could sell now, right here in this country district, a
ton of honey in glass jars before Christmas.

Now, Mr. Editor, will you allow me to give The Honey
Producers' League a little advice? And if they will only
take it, I have no hesitation in saying that all the ripe
American honey of good flavor need not wait long for a
good market.

As Mr. Green has said, establish your brands, or your
trade-mark, and let there be a central place fixed for The
Honey-Producers' League, say at Chicago, with branch
places at Omaha, Kansas City, and St. Louis, and let all
the honey that bears its trade-mark be thoroughly exam-
ined by experts appointed in those places to examine the
honey, and all honey that is not ripe and of good flavor let
it be excluded.

Advertise in all the leading papers in this country as to
the purity of your honey, and let there be samples sent to
all the leading stores in the United States and England,
and you will soon find that your honey will not have to he
glutted away the same as it has been in some of your
markets.

Thanks to Mrs. A. L. Amos (page 763), for her letter

Dec. 14, 19CS

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

861

seems to me to be pretty straight. Either Nebraska, Iowa,
Missouri or Kansas, are the States I have selected to settle
in, and I only want to know the best places for my object.
I hope to be with you within the next 12 months.

Lancaster, England.

r

=\

\=

Canabian
-vScebom-f

Conducted by Morlet Pettit, Villa Nova, Ont.

A Peculiar Fall in Ontario

=/

This has been a peculiar fall in Ontario, and a hard one
on bees. Since about the middle of October there has not
been a good flying day except in the most southern parts of
the Province. All signs seem to fail. The weather does
everything but what well-ordered weather would be expected
to do. One day bears every indication of approaching cold,
rough weather ; the next will be fine and bright, but not
quite warm enough for bees to fly. These days are most
trying. Uncomfortable from long confinement the bees
grow restless — some fly out and are lost, and all consume
more stores and fill up faster than they would in more
steadily cold weather.

While putting bees into the cellar last week, we found
in some yards they were spotting around some entrances,
and covers were spotted considerably from their last flight.
Of course, this can not be helped, but it will be a warning
to give bees extra attention during the winter.

Four Days Putting- Bees into Cellars

Four days of putting bees into cellars under private
houses give plenty of varied experiences in that line. While
at the Toronto convention, in November, I arranged with
R. F. Holtermann to "change works," as the farmers say,
and secured the assistance of J. H. McCauley, another en-
thusiastic bee-keeper. The following Monday (Nov. 20) we
went at it. The first cellar, near Brantford, is stone with
cement floor, all in one room. I had partitioned off with
boards a room for the bees separate from the fruit and veg-
etables. The stairway is broad enough for two to walk
right down with two hives on a hand-barrow. We three
put the 112 hives in and blocked them up from the bottom-
boards behind, in about 4 hours, although we had a long
distance to carry them. The windows of this cellar will be
banked with straw, and a 4 inch pipe run from near the
pipe of the cook-stove in the room above.

Supper finished, we started out in the darkness to drive
about 8 miles through mud. Ye city or sand dwellers have
no idea what mud roads are. All the way we were harassed
by the thought that the next lot — 1 8 hives — had to go
through the cellar window I Next morning was bright,
with indications of a flying day.

Cellar No. 2 is under a large brick house, and hasihree
compartments— -first, vegetables ; second, furnace ; third,
bees. With no outside stairway there was no way out of it
— through the window they must go.

We got another man, and with two outside to carry to
the window, and two inside to pile up and block up, things
went merrily.

To help matters, as the temperature rose slightly out-
side, a cool breeze from just the right direction kept the
cellar cool. The bees came from an outside temperature
just too cool for flying, into a cooler cellar air. This lower-
ing of temperature was just the thing to keep the bees
quiet, although even then they were lively enough before
the cellar was full. That job was done in about 3 hours,
and we voted the window better than a stairway.

Cellar No. 3, about 7 miles further on, had a regular
maze of doors and passages through which the bees had to
be carried. We could not use the window, as it was too
small. It meant hard lug, lug, and stooping to preserve
brains from joist all too low for such prominent Canadian
bee-keepers !

However, we finished there in time to get a start at the
next cellar, 3 miles further on, before noon Wednesday.

By that time the bees were flying just a little, so we waited
till 2 o'clock, then went at them. The weather was not
ideal — too warm ; but that is one of the disadvantages of
managing several apiaries. Things must be done when the
time comes, with much less regard to weather conditions
than the small bee-keeper can observe. To make matters
worse, the help we were counting on failed, and one man
alone in the cellar found it pretty heavy v-ork handling
those 12-frame Langstroth hives with a rousing, strong col-
ony of bees in each.

That night we drove 9 miles to a sleeping place, and S
miles the next morning to the last cellar, almost in sight of
Lake Erie. A drier cellar you neversaw. It is in the buck-
wheat country, where there is sand clear to the bottom of
things. Hives can sit flat on the ground, and when you
pick them up the sand is dry underneath. The cellar-floor
is perfectly dry sand.

By 4 o'clock Thursday we had finished the job. Next
day it rained all forenoon and we were glad the bees were
in. Six hundred colonies put into 5 cellars, and more than
40 miles of bad roads covered between Monday noon and
Thursday, 4 p.m., we considered not bad work.

Hints for Beginners

In bee-keeping there is ever going on the great battle of
the survival of the fittest. There is perhaps in no other
branch of agriculture, to the same extent, the dropping out
of some, and fresh members being drawn in, as there is in
bee-keeping. There is still too common the impression
that bees look after themselves, and too little is being done
to check that impression. Until this is done there must be
the constant change of bee-keepers and great loss to indi-
viduals and the community at large, and we are also bound
to have inferior goods put upon the market to the injury of
that market. Let me, however, say that the excellence of
product is not gauged by the number of colonies a bee-
keeper keeps.

Every beekeeper is interested in the safe wintering of
bees, for to-day we do not know where foul brood exists,
and there is a particularly dangerous time in the spring.
Colonies may have perished, which, unnoticed by their
owner or any one else, are robbed out by strong colonies in
the neighborhood. These hives may contain foul brood,
and the honey robbed will be sure to be fed to the larvje in
the robbing colony, and the disease spread. We are then
interested in our neighbor, and that neighbor may be a
long distance from us.

I am not opposed to more bee-keepers, but I want them
to realize before they enter into this branch of apiculture
that it is a business, and should be pursued in businesslike
ways. It would, in my estimation, also be better to direct
our attention more to reaching out to secure better markets,
to educating the people to know the difference between good
and inferior honey, and to educating all in the direction of
producing a better and more uniform article. This un-
doubtedly can be done, as it undoubtedly has not been done
in the past to any great extent. — R. F. Holtermann, in the
Canadian Bee Journal.

Doctor ZTtillcr's
Question = ^ox

=j

Send questions either to the office of the American Bee .Journal,

or to Db. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

B^" Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions by mail.

Keeping Combs Until Next Season- Finding Queens and
Reqeeening

1. I have had bad luck with my bees. The moths got
in and killed 2 of the colonies. I don't think they would
have gotten in if it had not been for the bees having paraly-
sis. I have only one colony left, but I expect to get some
Italian bees next spring. If I get a full colony the hive
they come in would be all right. But what I want to know
is, how can I fix the hives and frames that the bees died on
so as to save them to put more bees in next summer. I have
3 hives with frames, atid would like to fix them so they will
do to put more bees in.

862

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 14, 190S

2. I sent for a queen the past summer. I took all the
frames out of the hive, but I could not find the old queen,
so I put the new queen in and they killed her. If I take an
empty hive-body and place it with the entrance close up to
the entrance of the hive I want to requeen, then put a queen -
trap at the entrance of the empty body, cover the empty
body half over, then take the frames and shake the bees into
the empty body, would the plan work all right ?

Missouri.

Answers.— 1. You will find it a diflBcult thing- to keep
the combs safe until swarming-time next year. Keep them
outdoors where they will freeze, but closed up so that no
mice can get into them. The freezing will kill all the larva;
of the bee-moth, and it is not likely that the moth will lay
any more eggs in them till well along in the season next
year. But you can make this a little more sure by taking
them into a cellar when freezing weather is over.

2. If I understand correctly, your object is to find the
old queen, and you propose to shake the bees into the empty
body with a queen-trap at the entrance of this empty body,
expecting the bees to pass out through the trap and crawl
to the close-by entrance of the old hive, the queen being
held in the empty body by the trap. Very likely it would
work all right ; but it might be just a little better to
modify the plan a little. Fasten your trap at the entrance
of the old hive. Lift out all the frames with adhering bees,
and put them in an empty body close by. After all the
frames are taken out of the hive, make sure that the queen
is not in it, if necessary brushing all the remaining bees
out of the hive upon the combs. Now lift one of the combs,
shake and brush all the bees from it upon the ground in
front of the old hive, and as soon as you have a// the bees
off the comb put the comb in the old hive. Proceed with
all the combs in the same way, brushing all the bees in
front of the trapped entrance, and putting the brushed
combs into the old hive. The bees will crawl into the hive
through the trap, and Madam Queen will be found trying to
get in the same place.

Rearing Queens on an Island

In rearing queens, would it be to any advantage in
order to get them purely mated, to keep them out on an
island about a quarter mile from shore ? Minnesota.

Answer. — Yes, it would make a difference, just how
much difference depending upon the number of colonies on
the main land, and per.haps some other things, such as the
prevailing direction of the wind. I think a half mile of
water would do a good deal more to isolate them than a
half mile of land.

Effects of Inbreeding in Bees

Does the honey-bee degenerate through in-breeding?
If so, what is the result ?

1. Will they differ in color from Italians ? If so, what
color ?

2. Are they larger or smaller?

3. What effect will it make in handling ?

4. How will it affect in honey-producing?

5. How will it affect their swarming 7 Canada.

Answers. — Indiscriminate inbreeding among bees, as
with all other animals, is likely to result in deterioration,
the bad qualities becoming intensified. With intelligent
control the result may be the other way.

1. Inbreeding ought not particularly to affect color.
Blacks inbred would remain black, and yellow bees yellow,
although there might be a slight tendency toward dullness
in color.

2. Smaller, if anything ; although you would probably
not notice any difference in size after many years of in-
breeding.

3 Any change in temper would likely be toward cross-
ness, yet not certainly.

4. The chief effect would probably be most noticeable
in this direction, the bees becoming less vigorous and
active.

5. Any change in this direction would be likely toward
more swarming.

Now, please understand that all these answers are more
or less in the nature of guesses, and I shall be very thank-
ful if anyone better informed will " call me down " and
straighten me out. There is also a possibility that some
may have a misunderstanding of this whole matter. When

inbreeding is under consideration, it should be understood
as referring to breeding kept down within a pretty narrow
circle. If you had a few colonies on your place for a term
of years, and there were no other bees within 10 miles, you
would have inbreeding. If others all about you kept bees,
there would be little chance for inbreeding, and the outcome
of your leaving your bees to themselves year after year
would be different in different cases. If other bees about
you were better than yours, yours would, at least for a time,
be likely to improve, and vice versa. If you start with pure
Italians in almost any location in this country, you are
likely to find black blood working in from the bees around
you.

* • »

Bee-Paralysis— Cellar-Wintering

1. Is there a remedy to prevent bee-paralysis in the
spring ?

2. Will camphor prevent it if I put a small piece in the
hive ?

3. Will paralysis affect bees that are wintered in the
cellar as quickly as those wintered outdoors ?

4. Do I have to remove the bottom-boards or the cover
in the cellar ? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. There have been a great many remedies,
first and last, offered for the cure of bee-paralysis, but none
of them has seemed to prove successful in different oases
unless it be the sulphur cure, which you will find given in
back numbers of this Journal. Some sprinkle the sulphur
over the bees, after removing the brood, and some say they
have succeeded by merely keeping plenty of sulphur at the
entrance for the bees to crawl through.

2. It will probably have no effect whatever.

3. There is probably no difference.

4. That depends upon how much ventilation is afforded
without the removal. My covers and bottom-boards are
taken in with the hives, just as they were on the summer
stands, but then there is a space 2 inches deep under the
bottom-bars, and an entrance the full width of the hive 2
inches deep. Without any such provision for ventilation it
is better to remove cover or bottom-board.

=\

IVix. pasty's
CtftcrH^ougl^ts

j^

The " Old Reliable " as seen throufrh New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Extracting All the Wax.

If I understand Arthur C. Miller, he thinks the principle
of taking wax-material down under boiling water and giv-
ing it a lively handling right there is the winning principle
if we are ever to get all the wax. More pressing can not,
from the nature of the case, result in a solid cake of refuse
with no remaining wax filling up interstices Quite likely
he's right ; and I'll take back the gravamen of what I said
against page £83. Mr. Ernest Root (most competent of con-
fessors) confesses, on page 777, that 5 percent of the wax is
left in the pressed cake. Well, what say to a dasher-churn
of stoneware with wire-screen cover, sized correctly to go
right into the boiler — squatty of shape, and right to be cov-
ered an inch or more in the water, all except the dasher-
handle ? Begin the process much as usual in a tall wash-
boiler. Boil, stir, dip out wax, etc. When not much more
can be had on that line put the remaining slush in the
churn. • Sink it, and churn away vigorously for a long time.
Nothing to hinder pressing it afterward to see whether any
more will come out. Page 776.

Color of Bait-Sections.

I hardly understand Wm. B. Lowe, page 780, whether
the dark spot in his bait-sections was discolored comb, or
whether the old honey was still there, more or less candied.
If the former, is worthy of some study to find out what made
the old honey discolor the comb. If the latter, I guess it's
only just what might be expected. They are liable to leave
it and put new honey around it. If you must needs put on
honey in a bait-section, at least don't have more than two
to a hive. Uncap it ; be sure it is not candied much ; and

Dec. 14, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

863

try hard to put it on when the bees are hungry. I once,
when even greener than now, put on a lot of sections I had
no market for — not as baits, but thinking the bees would
keep it better than I could, and faintly hoping they would
take it out and rejuvenate it. Queer looking stuff when I
took it off the second time. Dingy, and fired full of empty
cells here and there.

What About Boiling Sdg.\r ?

In Miss Wilson's answer. No. 4, page 778, we read,
"Boiling does not change sugar." Say, rather, Boiling
gently for a short time changes sugar but little. I think
the chemists claim that boiling does greatly change sugar
if you boil it long enough and furiously enough. Or did I
dream that ?

Orange Trees and Apple Trees.

Hello, orange tree ! If you are a champion tree you are
good evidence that the orange does not grow as big as the
apple. Nobody would be surprised at an apple tree of your
size. (Outside of No. 46.)

The Government and Caucasian Queens.

That Government circular on the free distribution of
Caucasian queens is admirable. At last Uncle Sam seems
to be doing himself proud in helping apiculture.

Now, most of us don't want Caucasian bees. The bees
we have are the bees we want. Scarce a glimmer of a
chance that Caucasians will make more beautiful sections
of honey than select Germans do, or store extracted honey
swifter than select Italians, Carniolans or German-Italian
hybrids. Many of us would like a few to tinker with and
be interested in. But to all people keeping bees in cities
and towns they are likely to prove a very great boon — if
something near equal to those named above. Neighbors will
be at peace if they are assured that a new kind of bee that
pretty nearly can't be made to sting is the only bee kept.
And a host of would-be amateurs can with Caucasians im-
prove their minds and their health.

The grand trouble is that unsupervised breeders will
send out hybrids largely ; and hybrids are quite unlikely to
be very gentle. Thanks — a thousand thanks — to Uncle Sam
for undertaking to supervise. Let's all support him in a
hearty and vigorous sort of way. Let's say. Don't buy a
Caucasian queen unless the breeder has the Government in-
dorsement. I would like to go further, and add this much
more: Don't buy one unless bred entirely out of reach of
any other bees. Pretty severe to limit prices to Italian
prices plus 20 percent. I hope that on further consideration
a minimum of 52.00 will be allowed, when bred in totally
isolated localities. Or if allowed to send out queens just
beginning to lay at testedqueen prices, that would be about
as good. And the queens from' such a location would be
practically tested queens. Page 789.

=\

®ur:* Sister
53cc=!Kecpcr5

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bee-Keeping' for Women in California

J

Under the above caption Mrs. J. B. Ames writes to the
California Promotion Committee's publication as follows :

"Actual experience has proved bcc-kceping to be a profit-
able as well as a healthful occupation for women in California.
The ready market for comb and extracted honey removes all
diflSculties in disposing of the product of the busiest of all
animals, and the mild climate permits the outdoor work neces-
sary for the care of the bees during a long and pleasant sea-
son. The woman who would keep bees, either to supply her
household needs or with a view of earning a living, has but
to understand and apply the two following very simple essen-
tials to the profitable keeping of bees. They are: first, that
the animal life be properly nourished; and, second, that nature
be so assisted by intelligent methods of keeping and reason-
able care as to give best results to the keeper. But these
essentials may be supplied here in California with a minimum
expenditure of work and money. So many localities furnish
abundant food for the bees that the question of feeding them I

is solved for the keeper, while by an intelligent selection of
location and methods of handling the best results are easily
obtained. There being no winter problem in California, it is
not necessary to carry the bees with six months' supplies in
the cellar. A bee-keeper in Wisconsin writes :

" 'On April 12th I took out the last bees. From then till
the 22d we had heavy frost and cold weather. On the 26th
and 27th tlie weather is so unfavorable that one day they
work and the next day they have to lay up again on account
of high winds and cold.'

"We in California have but to read this from an Eastern
beekeeper to appreciate the advantages of California's won-
derful climate for bee-keeping. In fact, it has been the writer's
experience that the bees not only stay on the same stands,
but also gather nectar every month in the year, so that in the
early spring thev are in good condition to work and increase.
.■\I1 the work attendant upon the keeping of bees can thus be
readily done by women, and the prevailing wholesale prices
of 10 cents per pound for comb and 5 cents for extracted
honey yield a handsome profit to the industrious bee-keeper.

"That there is room and that there are abundant opportu-
nities for engaging in bee-keeping in California is shown by
the present problem of disposing of the annual increase. And
why should not women take up this industry smce it is so
pleasant and profitable an occupation for women ? At present
it is largely confined to farmers' wives and daughters, who
already have many duties to perform, but the nleasant nature
of the work bids fair to attract women who will be able to
devote their attention and energies to developing the industry
on a larger scale.

"It is a well-known fact that honey-bees will select a home
in a hollow tree and there not only attend to all their natural
wants and provide for an increase, but also lay up a surnlus
of honey. Climatic conditions in California are so favorable
that it only remains for man to turn them to his benefit. Here
there is no expense for feed, for the bees feed and care for
the young, thus relieving the keeper of much care, so that
there is no need to interfere with the increase except at the
swarming season ; then to provide new homes for the new
swarms, where they can thrive and wo:;k and produce that
delicious food, the value of which, I trust, will some dav be
fully realized by rich and poor alike.

"Although California's output of honey iii 1905 will be tlie
largest in many years, it will he quite insuflicient to meet the
extraordinary demand caused by the short crop in other
States. One State usually leading in honey-production will
produce hardly a fourth of a crop this year, while another is
nearer to a honey failur.e than it has been for 20 \'ears. Here
is women's opportu.nity in California to enter this profitable
business, which has always been to the writer a pleasant one."
— Rural Californian.

The foregoing glowing recital of California's advantages
will make some of the northern sisters gi;een with envy, .^nd
yet any one who tries a season or more in California and the
same length of time in a more northern locality is likely to
find some advantages in the bleaker region, as, for instance,
the matter of prices : and we will be generous enough not to
envy, but to congratulate our sisters of the more sunny region.
There seems to be some sort of a slip in the statement
that 1905 gives an unusually large yield in California, reports
in general indicating just the opposite.

A Honey-Gargle

Pour a pint of boiling water on 25 to 30 leaves of common
sage. Let the infusion stand for half an hour. Add vinegar
sufficient to make it moderately acid and honey to taste.
This combination of the astringent and emollient principles
seldom fails to produce the desired eflfect. The infu.sion must
be used as a gargle several times a day. — McCall's Maga,-ine.

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid much
by sending in the namer. and addresses when writing us on
other matters. ^

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, SI. 00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

«64

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 14 , 1905

Conr>cntton
Proccebings

^

rJ

Report of the Texas Couventlou

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SEC.

(Continaed from page 817)
The Kind of Hives for All Kinds of Honev.

Udo Toepperwein said that it depends largely upon
locality as to which hive should be used. He would not
begin to discuss this subject, because it would be im-
possible for him to finish it. He uses the regular 10-
frame, dovetailed hive with the shallow Ideal SM-inch-
depth supers, and that is the hive mostly sold by him. He
said the greatest demand is for these shallow supers, and
he believes from this that most of the bee-keepers are
using this super now. This could be told from the orders
that come in for them.

Mr. Atchley remarked that if shallow supers are used
they should be used from the ground up, to prevent having
different depths in a yard.

Mr Pharr would use one kind of hive-body through-
out, and if he should adopt one he would use the Sj4-inch
super all the way through, 8 or 10-franie, according to the
length of the honey-flow. H this lasts only a few days he
would use a small brood-chamber; if a long time then he
would use a large brood-chamber. But he thinks that the
.5f4-inch depth is decidedly the best for producing all kinds
ot honey.

Mr. Aten would use the 5M-inch if he were to use
shallow supers, and would use them throughout so that
all would be interchangeable.

Mr. White thinks that conclusions as to which super
IS most popular could be arrived at by the manufacturer or
siipply dealer, from the number of orders calling for them
lispecially can this be depended upon when the orders
come from experienced bee-keepers. He had been asked
by many to make this size for them in orders sent to him
Many who began with others are changing to this type of
super. -'1 ^ ^1

Before adjournment, Mr. Toepperwein said a few
words m regard to the bee-keepers' exhibit at the Inter-
national Fair at San Antonio, which begins Oct. 21, and
closes Nov. 1. This year there are about $300 offered in
preniiums, and the bee-keepers are urgently requested to
e.Kliibit.

THIRD DAY— July 27th.
The first number on the program was,

The L.mest Methods of Queen-Rearing,

Mr Pharr exhibited his small frames and mating-
boxes that he uses. The small combs on which the queens
are niated are in frames of such size that 6 of them just fit
inside of a regular Langstroth frame. In this they are
kept to be built out m the hive ready for use. His small
matmg-boxes hold 1 such comb, and are painted different
■colors to prevent the returning queens from entering the
wrong box. A virgin queen, 3 to 5 days old, is put in
with about 50 to 100 bees in the warm summer, and with
from 150 to 250 when the weather is cooler. No brood is
needed m the small combs. If sealed brood is given it is
iiot considered detrimental, but there is no benefit in
having it at all.

Only one queen is mated with such a nucleus, when all
are hauled home, the bees thrown together and made into
a large nucleus. This is built up into a full colony. The
small boxes receive new bees for the mating of the next
queen. If more than one queen is mated with the same
lot of bees, 50 per cent of the second lot of queens will
be lost. It is cheaper to take new bees for each mating.

Mr. Bell asked, when the zinc queen-excluding slot is
turned over the entrance after she is niated, to prevent the
queen from absconding with the bees, do the bees ever
abscond and leave the queen behind?

Mr. Pharr replied that they do not. Sometimes a
queen is so small that she can pass through when they all
leave. In this case the bee-keeper should be glad that she

is gone, as such a queen is not fit to keep for any use
whatever. "Such small queens should be killed as soon as
found.

Mr. Laws asked if 50 to 150 bees were enough, or if a
teacupful of bees would be better.

Mr. Pharr said that it depends upon the weather,
otherwise he could see no difference.

Mr. Bell— What percentage of queens are mated in a
favorable season.^

Mr. Pharr — From 75 to 90 per cent. During dry
weather, with harsh winds, from 50 to 75 per cent. I
prefer the, small nuclei over the old-fashioned 3-frame
nuclei.

Mr. Victor has not given the latest methods the time
and attention that he should. He is an extensive shipper
of bees and nuclei, and has loaded for shipment over 2,600
colonies and nuclei in the last 3 years. These went to
Colorado and other places. The nucleus hive that suits
him well is a 10-frame hive, partitioned off into 4 parts in
such a way that one-quarter of the hive in each corner is
occupied by a nucleus. The bottom-board has strips on it
which are so arranged that the 4 parts of the hive are
separate from each other. An entrance to each part is
provided for at each opposite corner of the bottom-board.
A large auger-hole covered with screen-wire part way up
the hive, covered with a wooden button on the outside, is
used to regulate the ventilation of the nucleus. This gives
him good, permanent nuclei, and 75 per cent of the queens
are mated throughout the season.

Mr. Laws dwelt for some length upon the method he
practises, known as the "Baby Nucleus" plan. It is much
like that described by Mr. Pharr, except that he uses some-
what larger combs and more bees in his mating-bo.xes,
which he did not consider would make much difference.
The greatest destruction to the colonies of bees in a queen-
rearing apiary is caused by the making of the required
nuclei. He prefers the little ones, as so many more can
be made with the bees from one colony. New nuclei can be
formed with each mating. With the old 3-frame nuclei it
takes sometimes a week or even a month before the bees
can be made to accept a new queen. This causes a loss of
time and a loss of bees. The queen-breeder wants to leave
his queen-rearing yard in as good shape at the end of the
season as a honey-yard after the crop is harvested. He
does not think it necessary to have brood in the mating-
boxes, and cannot see why the Eastern and Northern bee-
keepers should need it. A comb of honey works best with
him. The difference between the old and the new plan is
that from 200 to 300 queens can be mated at a time with
the bees from one colony with the new plan, while 25
colonies are required for this number with the old one.

Last season he was verj' successful by using double
wire-screens above a brood-chamber, over which he used
another chamber which was partitioned off by solid boards
into three nuclei. Auger-holes at opposite sides and at
one end served as entrances to the different parts. A
second screen and another body thus partitioned was used
above, making, with the chamber below. 7 nuclei in all. A
cell is given to each, and the queens are successfully mated.
The same combs can be used again to mate a second lot,
but it is better to start with a new lot of bees. The re-
moval of the queen from the lower chamber is not neces-
sary, as the queens are niated just the same above, there
being no communication between the different parts. He
thinks this the best plan for the Honey-producer. When
he unites all the bees from the different parts above he
simply takes a new hive, places it on the stand from which
the colony has been removed, and shakes all the bees in
front of it. They are handled rather roughly, and smoked
quite thoroughly. A queen is turned loose with them and
allowed to enter the hives.

Mr. White remarked that the bees being cut off from
those below by the double screen puts them in a queenless
condition. It is conceded that any part of the bee-hive to
which the queen cannot get is queenless, and they will
start cells. Therefore, it is an easy matter to introduce
cells to the nuclei made after Mr. Laws' plan.

Mr. Laws stated that the nuclei above did start cells
when left alone; even when he drew out the screen,
separating the bees before queen-cells would be started
above. This would be done with a queen below, and some-
times a virgin from above would go below and kill the
queen there, even a young and prolific one.

Mr. Pharr said that if a single wire-screen is used the
bees from below tantalize the virgin queens above, and

Dec. 14, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

865

only 50 per cent of them are mated. With the double
wire-screen there is no trouble.

Mr. Atchley experimented much with different methods
of queen-rearing. He has lost much sleep over the matter.
His whole aim was to arrive at a method by which more
and better queens can be produced in all seasons. Most
of the orders for queens are received when none can be
mated successfully in the baby boxes. On this account
he uses both the old and the new method. The baby
nuclei worked all right during the honey-flow and swarm-
ing-time, but the larger 3-frame nuclei must be resorted to
when the dearth sets in later. Both kinds are used
throughout favorable seasons, so that one or the other can
be depended on. If everything is favorable the queens
are drawn from the baby nuclei and the others are left
until last. The most essential thing with a queen-breeder
is plenty of colonies, lots of bees and plenty of honey.
Unless he has these he would better stop queen-rearing.

Matters Relative to the Farmers' Congress.

Upon the request of Prof. Connell the question was
put before the bee-keepers' section of the Congress
whether it should be retained at College Station for future
meetings, or whether, on account of the inadequateness at
the College to care for the delegates properly, the Congress
meetings should be removed to another place. This was
left for the discussion of the members, and that the dele-
gates appointed should be instructed how to vote at the
executive meeting of the Congress at the night session.
After a lengthy discussion it was moved that the meetings
be retained at College Station, and the delegates were in-
structed to vote to that effect.

Prof. Connell also called attention to the fact that each
section of the Congress must elect an executive coinmittfe-
man to meet with the Executive Board of the Congress at
its meeting. Mr. W. H. Laws was elected.

The reports of the committees were then called for.
On Resolutions.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Association be ex-
tended to the railroad officials of Texas for courtesies
shown the members in enabling them to attend the
Farmers' Congress.

Resolved, That the thanks of the Association be ex-
tended to the Board of ^Managers of the A. & M. College
for the use of the grounds and buildings.

Resolved, That we extend the thanks of the Associa-
tion to the Galveston News, for the manner in which they
have reported the proceedings of this meeting.

Willie Atchley,
C. A. Butts.
L. W. Bell, Commiltcc.

On the Examination of the Experimental Apiarv.

We, the committee chosen to inspect the experimental
apiary at College Station, have given the apiary a thorough
inspection, and heartily report same in excellent condition.
The equipment is entirely adequate for apiarian manage-
ment and educational purposes. The hives are of different
construction and for that reason afford ample opportunity
to investigate them so as to show the best to use in prac-
tical apiculture. We therefore recommend the manage-
ment as practised by Prof. I^. H. Scholl. If the students
have been benefited as the apiary suggests, the State has
been entirely justified in placing the apiary here for
educational purposes.

W. O. Victor, Jas. W. Traylor,

T. P. Robinson, J. M. Hagood.

John W. Pharr, Committee.

On motion both reports were put to a vote and carried.
(Continued next week.)

#

Report of the Chlcago-Northwesteru Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held at Chicago, 111.,
Nov. 30 and Dec, 1, 1904

[Continued from page 8t7.J

samples of honey.

• As a drawing card for the National convention that
was held at St. Louis, Mr. France collected pound-samples
of different varieties of honey from different States. After

securing them it was impossible to display them, as out-
siders kept slipping in and carrying them off. It was quite
interesting to see how the same variety of honey differed
in different parts of the country. Mr. France had with him,
and placed upon exhibition, small samples of the varieties
of honey that he had gathered.

"brick honey."

Mr. Root exhibited a sample of candied cut up as they
cut it up into "bricks," and surround the packages with para-
ffined paper, with parchment paper over that. It can be sold
only in a local market, as the public in general does not
understand about the candying of honey, and, if kept over
until warm weather, it will become too soft; in fact, only
such honey as candies hard can be used.

Mr. France — Have you tried Southern honey?

Mr. Root — No, we have not.

Mr. Kimmey — How will it be next summer?

Mr. Root — It will be soft. As I have said, it must be sold
while the weather is still cold. I would not advocate it for
use away from home.

Mr. Duby — I have calls for candied honey here in Chi-
cago.

Mr. Moore — There is no trade in candied honey here in
Chicago, unless it has been worked up.

HOW shall we best market comb honey?

Mr. Abbott — It depends upon the locality.

Mr. Becker — My plan is to put the honey up in an
attractive package. I make three grades. There is a first
and a second grade, and then the culls. Sell in the home
market if possible. A home market is lasting, once it is
established. Shipping honey without loss from breakage
is an art. I have bought lots of honey from Mr. York, and
never yet had a particle of loss from leakage in shipping.

Mr. Reynolds — An agent, or seller of honey, sometimes
makes sales, and gets the start of some other seller, by show-
ing that his honey is of light-weight — that is, the sections do
not quite weigh a pound each, and there is more profit in
their sale.

Mr. Becker — I have seen that done, but I alwavs sell by
weight.

Mr. Moore — I found, in Indiana, merchants who were
selling 2,000 or .'5,000 pounds of honey each year. I found
that they did it by keeping it in sight — put up in nice show-
cases. Sell honey close at home, then it will not be smashed.

Mr. Duby — I have sold as much as 1,000 pounds of honey
at a fair, and I find it an excellent place to advertise.

Mr. Meredith — At Mill Park, where there were excur-
sions from schools, I have sold as much as 400 pounds of
honey in one day.

Mr. Wilcox — First decide at what price honey will sell.
Put it up in the best style. Sell it near home. If not pos-
sible, then put it in the hands of commission men.

Next came an address by Prof. E. N. Eaton, State
Analyst of the Illinois Food Commission, on

FOOD FRAUDS AND FOOD OFFICIALS.

Again I have the privilege and the honor — and I assure
you it is a privilege and an honor — of appearing before the
Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association. I believe
I feel as much interest in your Association, its members and
its meetings, as I would had I as large an apiary as Mrs.
Stow, or as much knowledge of the bee as Dr. ^lillcr, in-
stead of no knowledge of the ways of the bee except as a
warrior, and no earthly possessions in that line — not even a
bee in my bonnet. Last October I read before the National
Association a paper on "Food Frauds," laying special stress
on the misrepresentation of comb honey, and the damage such
misrepresentation has done to the sale of that commodity.

Mr. York has suggested that I bring the same subject
before this Association, inasmuch as there are many in at-
tendance at this convention who were imable to get to the
National, and the records of that convention will not be
available for some time.

Many years ago Dr. Wiley, now chief chemist of the
United States Department of Agriculture, stated that comb
honey was being made artificially, comb and all. That story
went the rounds of the press, and, despite frequent denials,
appears in papers to this day, even in such reliable publica-
tions as the Ladies' Home Journal, the Chicago Tribune, and
the Philadelphia Press. When cornered Dr. Wiley claimed
that the statement was "a scientific pleasantry," and that the
bee-keepers — simple children of Nature — were too obtuse to
see the joke. The public and the public press, however, took

866

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 14 1905

it as seriously as did the bee-keepers, and consequently Dr.
Wiley's reputation as a joker suffered a serious relapse.

There have been many variations of "the Wiley lie," as
the statement has been referred to by bee-keepers. State
Food Commissions have said that bees entered the conspiracy,
and were fed glucose to produce honey. Other Food Com-
missions contented themselves with repeating the original lie
without variation. But all had the same effect— to prejudice
the public against the purchase of pure comb honey, and, to a
certain extent, of honey of all kinds. I need not tell an as-
sociation of bee-keepers that such stories are made out of
vyhole cloth. They are in fact lies— however, not malicious
hes, as I doubt not they largely come through ignorance.
As to the remedy I would infringe on the copyright of Presi-
dent Roosevelt, and suggest fblicity. Every food commis-
sioner and chemist should do his part to correct the false
impression which has been made, and I assure you in behalf
of Commissioner Jones and myself, that we will do our part.

Another matter in which the bee-keepers have of late
eymced much interest, is the chemical composition of honey.
Owing to the fact that the word "■glucose" has two or three
meanmgs chemically, and an entirely different meaning com-
mercially, there has been much confusion among bee-keepers,
as to whether or not glucose is a normal constituent of
honey.

In taking up this matter I wish to call your attention to
a pamphlet just received, defining honey and setting standards
for the same. The pamphlet is a part of a report from a
committee of standards of the Association of Official Agri-
cultural Chemists, and as their standards have been recog-
nized by the United States Secretary of Agriculture, they
become important and authoritative. The standard and defi-
nition of honey are as follows :

"1. Honey is tlie nectar and saccharine exudations of
plants gathered, modified, and stored in the comb by honey-
bees {Apis mcllifica). It is laevo-rotatory, contains not more
than twenty-five (25) percent of water, not more than twen-
ty-five hundredths (0.25) percent of ash, and not more than
eight (8) percent of sucrose.

|'2. Comb honey is honey contained in the cells of comb.
.3. Extracted honey is honey which has been separated
from^ the uncrushed comb by centrifugal force or gravity.

4. Strained honey is honey removed from the crushed
comb by straining or other means."

My quarrel with these standards is in the definition for
honey, which I maintain is too sweeping, and incorrect.

.Strictly speaking, honey— commercial honey— should be
limited to the nectar of flowers. Louse honey, or honey-
dew honey, or pine-tree honey, are not, and should not be,
sold to consumers for honey. Again, honev is not nectar
nor saccharine, but a manufactured product, made by the
bees, changed from its original condition.

There is, of course, such a thing as honey from bumble-
bees and no doubt other bees, but the only honey of com-
merce IS produced by the honey-bee, and to this bee the
definition oroperly should be restricted. I would therefore
suggest that the definition for honey be that suggested by
me to the National Association of State Food Commissions
which is this :

Commercial honey is the nectar of flowers, transformed,
and stored in a comb by the honey-bee.

; As these schedules are subject to revision, it might be
wise, if the Association looks at this matter in the light that
I do, to take some action, preferably by resolution.

A word as to the condition of the Illinois honey mar-
kets in regard to purity, and I am done: Before the Illinois
Food law became operative fully 3.3 ]-3 percent of the
extracted honey on the market was adulterated. Since then
the adulteration has grown less, until last year- when we
found seven samples of adulterated extracted honey out of
28 samples analyzed. However, in all but one case, the adul-
terant was cane-sugar, and in several cases it was impos-
sible to tell whether it had been intentionally added or fed
to bees. This year, while only a few samples were analyzed,
none have been found adulterated. It seems that adultera-
tion of honey with glucose is almost a thing of the past.
E. N. E.\T0N.

Mr. Moore — Isn't the change of cane-sugar to grape-
sugar the same as that made by the bees?

Prof. Eaton— I think not.

Mr. Kimmcy — Can chemical science make honey?

Prof. Eaton — No.

Mr. McCain— I supposed that the nectar was changed to
honey while in the .s.-ic of the bee. Isn't that true?

Prof. Eaton — I am inclined to think that the change is
begun in the sac.

Mr. Abbott — This question of nectar and honey has
been threshed over again and again. When the nectar is
put into a cell I think it is still nectar. I don't agree with
Prof. Cook, that honey is partly-digested nectar. Cane-
sugar stored in the combs is still cane-sugar, and will re-
main such, Prof. Cook to the contrary notwithstanding, and
I want Prof. Cook to know that I say this. I would like
to know if Prof. Eaton agrees with Prof. Cook.

Prof. Eaton — I must admit that I got most of my in-
formation on this subject from Prof. Cook, and I am in-
clined to agree with him.

Mr. Kimmey — If I feed the bees 20 pounds of honey or
sugar, and then find only 14 pounds in the combs, let me
ask where the difference has gone to?

Mr. Moore — It has been used up in household economy.
Prof. Cook has said that if we feed sugar to the bees,
honey will be the result. If this is true, then what kind of
honey is it?

KIr. Wheeler — The matter of honey-dew is important.
If there was any honey -dew in our honey we might be ac-
cused of adulterating our honey.

Mr. Root — Mr. Selser and Prof. Eaton agree exactly as
to the proper definition for honev, but this point raised by
Mr. Wheeler is really most important. Suppose I am a
beginner, and I unknowingly put honey-dew upon the mar-
ket, there is danger of prosecution, in wMch injustice will
be done.

Prof. Eaton — I might say that I do not agree with
Prof. Cook in every point. One point is that I do not be-
lieve that when bees are fed cane-sugar the result is true
honey. It would be lacking in the natural flavor of true
honey. In regard to the best definition for honey I think
that practical bee-keepers are the best judges as to what
this definition should be. The matter is really important,
however, as decisions in important suits may turn upon the
definition that the courts are guided by.

It was moved by Mr. Moore that the chair appoint a
committee of three to look after this matter of securing a
proper definition for honey. Dr. Miller, C. P. Dadant and
E. T. Abbott were appointed.

Upon motion of Mr. Horstmann it was voted the Asso-
ciation pay the Secretary $20 for his services.

DEFINITION AND STANDARD FOR HONEY.

In reply to a question, Prof. Eaton said that he con-
sidered 25 percent of water in honey was a high percentage
for a standard. About 22 percent is as much water as was
ever found, but he thought it better to be safe, and put it
at 25 percent. Eight percent sucrose is also a high per-
centage. He had no objections to offer to the standard as
proposed for honey.

i\Ir. France — I suppose that these standards will become
authoritj'. If they do, and the proposed definition is also
made authentic, then I am ready to quit bee-keeping. My
honev this year would be pronounced adulterated if judged
by the proposed definition.

Upon motion of Mr. Moore, a vote of thanks was given
Prof. Eaton for his paper. Thanks were also tendered the
proprietor of the Revere house for his courtesy and kindness
in furnishing a room for the meeting. Mr. Root was also
remembered with a vote of thanks for his entertainment with
the stereopticon.

The convention then adjourned to meet at the call of
the Executive Committee.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy. /; _ _ ^

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

Why Not send in some new subscriptions' for the Amer
ican Bee Journal ? Samples free for the asking. :_j

Dec. 14, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE xlOIJRNAL

867

llcpovts anb
Experiences

Pure Food Law for Iowa

To day I had a conversation with Hon. E. J.
Sankey, Decatur County's representative in
the Iowa State Legislature, on the subject of
a pure food law. Iowa has no pure food law,
but Mr. Sankey read to me the provisions of
a Bill which was introduced at the last meet-
ing of the Legislature. He thinks it will be
passed at the coming session, either in its
present or in an amended form. The Bill as
it now stands provides that the Dairy Com-
missioner shall perform the duties of Food
Commissioner. Mr. Sankey thinks another
man should be named for the last-named
work. I think he is right.

In the absence of a pure food law, Iowa is
made the dumping ground for the adulterated
products of all kinds, wherever made. I will
venture to ask the honey-producers of Iowa
to labor with their representatives for the en-
actment of a pure food law at the coming ses-
sion of Iowa's Legislature.

Leon, Iowa, Nov. 24. Edwin Bevins.

Very Light Honey Crop

The honey crop in this part of the State
{Jefferson Co.) was very light this year. I
keep most of my bees in Vernon County, and
the crop there was a total failure. I had to
feed 600 pounds to keep my bees through the
winter. There were two causes for that fail-
ure : 1st, very cold and wet weather during
the white clover bloom ; 3d, an hitherto un-
known bug killed all the basswood blossoms.
Every cluster had at its base some white scum
the si/.B of a pea, and in the middle of it was
a white bug with a yellow stripe on each side.
The buds began to wilt when about half de-
veloped. Does any one know any thing about
that bug? To give an idea of the damage
done, I may say that I know some of the bee-
keepers who a year ago secured over 150,000
pounds of honey, this fall had to feed their
bees for winter. Gustave Gross.

Lake Mills, Wis , Nov. J6.

Handling Bees— Bottom-Boards

I would not like to be without the "Old
Reliable." I am always glad when Friday
comes, because I get the .Journal regularly on
that day. I do not think it has missed since I
have been taking it.

This is my second year with bees ; I have no
trouble in introducing queens. I mate them
in the miniature hive, or baby nuclei, as it is
called. I had one mated, and when I found
her laying I don't think there were more than
2 dozen bees with her, and she is a tine queen.

Our bees swarm from the first of April until
June. I had one swarm to come out July 31.
I hived it on empty combs, and now they have
their hive full of honey.

The season here was too wet and cool in the
spring and summer. All the honey I got was
stored in September. My best colony stored
60 pounds of comb honey, which I sold at 20
cents per pound— S12. 00. My next best col-
ony was a prime swarm, which gave b'i pounds.

I like bee.=, and would rather work with
them than to eat when I am hungry. I see a
great deal said about handling bees. Some
ask how to smoke them, and how much to
smoke. I smoke them until I subdue them,
it they are cross, much or little smoke.
A. I. Root said one time he had some bees to
run him. I never ran yet, and I am no expert
at handling bees, but when I want to handle
them, I handle them. Just the same, I gener-
ally have on a veil, and most of the time with
only my undershirt and overalls on, and
sleeves rolled up. If one gets its business-end
into me, I simply rub out the sting and go
on. Run ! oh, no, I think I would be a coward
to let as little a thing as a bee run me. I am
not afraid of them in the least, and I can't see

why one should be, for they are as harmless
as a dove.

Bees are flying to-day— temperature 72 de-
grees. How is that for winter? Bees can Hy
here every month of the year. I winter them
on the summer stands in single-walled hives.
Bees are in good shape for winter, with plenty
of sealed stores.

I make my own hives, and buy frames and
sections. I see a great deal about hive-
making. I can make them a great deal more
cheaply than I can buy them, and they an-
swer all purposes. If they do, why are they
not just as good as a factory-made hive? ■ I
make a bottom-board which, to my notion, is
ahead of anything I have seen. Mr. Root says
it won't do, but I say it will do. It is thus:
I take two pieces 20 inches long by 1x4 wide ;
one piece 12 inches long, 1x4 wide; one piece
13 inches long, 1x2 wide ; one piece 1x13x4 feet
long; this board goes between the two side
rails within \ inch of the rail in the rear.
You can have the board V.: inches in front to
close up. Two nails are driven through the
side-rails in the rear to hold the bottom in

place. This gives an incline to the front of
the hive for all debris to go out with a rush
If this is not all right I can't see why it is not

I would like to hear from some one on the
bottom-board question. Since writing to Mr.
Root about it last year, some one has patented
a board the same as mine, only he leaves the
bottom loose, so he can pull it out, and Mr.
Root recommends it, if I mistake not. If I
am wrong, I beg pardon.

Dr. Miller and Mr. Doolittle, what do you
say about the bottom-board business!

W. C. Edgeworth.

Little Rock, Ark., Nov. 6.

Gepanium or Crane's-bill

A weed or bush of some kind came up under
the edge of the porch on the south side of the
house, in August, and is just now in full
bloom. The stalk branches out and has a
bunch of flowers at the end of each branch.
Eich blossom contains a drop of nectar the
size of a BB shot, but it is rather cool now

A $4.00 dock for $2.50

WilHtne Weeklu flmerlGan Bee Journal 1 uear-all lor only $3.

The

Finest

Christmas

Gift

You

Could

Nalte

to

Anyone

Ought
to be
in the
Home
of every
Bee-
keeper
in the
Land

THE BEE=HIVE CLOCK

Only $2.50, f.o.b. Chicago, by express. Weight, with packing, about 4 lbs.
Ready for delivery Dec. 15.

We have had made specially for our readers, a bronze-metal Clock, called "The Bee-
Hive Clock." It is about 8 inches wide at the base, about 10 inches high, and deep enough
at the base to stand firmly on a mantel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of work, and would
be both ornamental and very useful in any house, and particularly in a bee-keeper's home.

The clock part itself is warranted for 3 years to keep good time. So it is no plaything,
but a beautiful and needful article for everybody.

Clocks like " The Bee Hive Clock " usually sell in the stores at from S4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in large quantities enables us to offer them at -^3.50 each by ex-
pre.ss, or with the Weekly American Bee Journal a year— both for only $3.00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

We expect to begin filling orders by Dec. 15, 1905, so the Clocks will arrive at destina-
tions in time for Christmas, if so desired. Here is something that surely is appropriate for
bee-keepers— "The Bee-Hive Clock." Better get your irder in quick— first come first served
out of the first lot of Clocks.

^W Sample copy of the Weekly American Bee Journal free.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Send all orders to

How to Get " The Bee-Hive Clecli " FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the Weekly American Bee Journal for one year, at
Sl.OO each, and we will send you this beautiful " Bee.Hive Clock " FKKE (excepting express
charges). Or, send us 4 New Subscribers (at .*1. 00 each) and .50 cents— $4..50 in all. Or,
a New Subscribers (at *1 00 each) and jjl.OO— i4.00 in all. Or, 8 New Subscribers (at
Sl.OO each) and §1.50- S3..50 in all.

Remember, we expact to begin to fill Clock orders Dec.lS, so as to have them roach those
who order in good time tor Christmas.

868

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 14, 1905

and the bees do not bother it. I enclose one
of the flowers, and would like to know its
name. The bush has thorns resembling those
of a blackberry briar. H. P. Gannawat.

Ft. Smith, Ark., Nov. 4.

[The flower belongs to the geranium or
crane's-bill family, and has undergone some
changes so that I can not identify the species.
It is a flower that has no doubt escaped from
cultivation.— C. L. Walton. J

Poor Honey Crop

The honey crop is very poor this year. The
bees have not stored enough honey for them-
selves since the middle of July. Large win-
ter losses are expected here.

Harrison Bletins.

Cowgill, Mo., Nov. 16.

Gaucaslan Queens

The gentlest bees kuowo. Send in your
orders early; $1.00 to !5.C0. Texas Queens in
February; all good honey-gatherers. Rotten
wood. "5c a barrel. Address,
A. HINES, Care Phceoix Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.

Very Low Excursion Rates for Christ-
mas Holidays

to all points on the Nickel Plate Road
between Chicago and Buffalo. Dates
of sale Dec. 23, 24, 25, 30 and 31, 1905;
and Jan. 1, 1906, with limit returning
Jan. 3, 1906. Rate one and a third fare
for the round-trip. Individual Club
Meals ranging in price from 35 cents
to $1.00, and Mid-Day Luncheon 50
cents, served in Nickel Plate dining
cars ; also service a la carte. No ex-
cess fare. Chicago city ticket offices,
111 Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.
Depot, La Salle and Van Buren Sts.
The only depot in Chicago on the Ele-
vated Loop. 40— 49A3t

The Best Fruit Paper

is The Fruit-Grower, published monthly at St. .loseiih.
Mo. The regular subscription price is a dollar a year
but if you will write for free sample copy and nient ion
this paper, you will receive a propo.sition whereby
you may secure it one year WITHOUT CUST. Evei-y
one who haa a few fruit trees or a garden, should read

ST JOSEPH. MISSOURI

Every issue is handsomely illustrated and from 32 to
m pages amonth are filled with interesting matter per-
taining to fniit-growing and garden-
ing. The first four issuesof 1906 will be
handsome special nuiubei-s devoted to
the following subjects; January, The
Horticultural Societies; February,
Spraying; March. Gardening; April,
small Fruits. Any one of these num.
Iters will be worth a dollarto you. We
^^..^ publish the "Brother Jonathan Series"
TR.M>E MARK of fruit books. Send your name and
Bro. Jon-\1han learn how to secure these books free.

Fruit-Grower(s..l07S.7th,St.Joseph,Mo.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Rex Book, The Veterinary Guide, is an
exhaustive treatise just off the press. It con-
tains 160 pages and more than 150 illustra-
tions, with an attractive cover. It treats from
the experienced Veterinarians' point of view
nearly every subject that could possibly be of
interest to the owners of Horses, Cattle, Hogs,
Sheep and Poultry. Any reader of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal can secure a copy free by
sending to The Kex Company, 800 So. 16th
St., Omaha, Nebr. The book weighs nearly a
pound. Mention the American Bee Journal
when writing.

Wa 8BLL ROOT'S Goods in Michigan

Let ns quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
frelirlit. Bee«wax Wanted for Casta.

Ml. H.HUNT A SON.
Beli. Branch, Waynb Co., Mich

GROCERIES

AT

WHOLESALE

PRICES

FREE

This catalogue will
save you money on
your grocery supplies.

-FREIGHT PAID-

What do your groceries cost you a year? Will you buy them
of us if we can prove that we will save you from lU per cent to
20 per cent and pay the Jreirjht? That certainly Is an amount
worth saving; it is worth the trouble of asliing for the proof.
Get our large Grocery List and compare our prices with what
you have been paving. Then put us to a greater test— send
us a trial order and compare the goods and the prices. If
we do not save you big money, send the goods back at our
expense. The grocery bill is the biggest pari of the family
evpenses. We will cut it almost in llie middle and guarantee
everything we sell. We can do this because we buy in
immense quantities — carloads and trainUiads— and we give
you the beneiit ut" our ability to buy cheap; in fact we can
sell to you at just about the figure your local dealer would
have to pay. Wo save you his profit and the /rciVj/it besides.

To save still another 10 per cent, become a
member of the Co-operative Society of the
National Supply Co. Well tell you how to get

this extra 10 per cent discount, if you will write
for full information. An easy way to make money.

^evMrTKIM FOB EVEKTBOBV

If you want to save money get our catalogue and learn just how cheap you can buy groceries
from us. Catalogue is ready and lists everything in the grocery line. We send it free.

Co-operative Society of the National Supply Co., Lansing, Mich, and Chicago, III.

American bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Knife
Gold Fountain Pen

All
for

$2.75

Worker

Queen

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNirE

(Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering-, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

"Why Own the Novelty Knile?— In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it ; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year— both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

Drone

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally, we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler.

Wemail.thls Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year. .

tl^ Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free ; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
tor 2Uc; regular vearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE fV. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

Dec. 14, 190S

THt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

869

CONVENTION NOTICES.

National Convention, Dec. 19, 20, 21.

— The Fat Stock Show, upon which we have
depended for reduced rates on the railroads,
has been postponed two weeks, so the dates
for the convention will now be Dec. 19, 20
and 21, 1905.

The place of meeting has also been changed
to Brunt Hall, in the Bush Temple of
Music, corner of North Clark Street and
Chicago Avenue (entrance on Clark Street,)
5 minutes walk north from the Revere House,
Southeast corner N. Clark and Michigan Sts.,
which will be headquarters for the members.
W. Z. HnxcHiNSON, .SVf.

The ChicagoNorthwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold a social session at
the Revere House, Dec. 19, 1905, at 10 a.m. At
2 p.m. the same day will be held the regular
annual election of officers. Any other busi-
ness coming before the meeting will be at-
tended to. Herman F. Moore, Sec.

N'ew York Bee-Keepers' Institutes.

— A series have been arranged to be held in
New York State as follows; Amsterdam,
Dec. 11, 1905; Syracuse. Dec. 12; Watertown,
Dec. 13; Fulton, Dec. 14; Auburn, Dec. 15;
Romulus. Dec. 16; Geneva, Dec. 18 and 19.
Dr. E.F. Phillips, Acting in Charge of Apicul-
ture, United Slates Department of Agricul-
ture, will attend and address these Institutes
on subjects pertaining to bee-keeping.
Romulus, N. Y. C. B. Howard, Sec.

The New York State Association of
Bee-Keepers' Societies will hold its annual
meeting at Geneva, N.Y., at the Nester Hotel,
Monday and Tuesday, Dec. IS and 19, 1905.
New and interesting subjects are to be intro-
duced and discussed at this meeting, and all
bee-keepers of New Y'ork State should make
arrangements to be present. Good and rea-
sonable accommodations have been secured.
Headquarters will be at the Nester Hotel.

Romulus, N. Y. C. B. Howard, Sec.

The lOth Annual Chicago Show of

the National Fanciers' and Breeders' Associa-
tion will be held .Jan. 22 and 27 (both inclu-
sive) 1906. The most prominent of the breed-
ers and fanciers of poultry, pigeons, cats and
pet stock of all kinds have already signified
their intention of being in attendance with an
entry of their finest specimens. The best in-
cubators and brooders of the country will be
shown in operation. Foods and supplies and
appliances pertaining to the great industry
which this enterprise represents, will compete
for the favorable attention of the crowds.
Premium lists with classifications, rules, list
of judges and apportionment of same, and all
necessary information to exhibitors and
patrons, will be issued about Dec. 15, 1905,
The mailing list includes 20,000 names, and it
is the purpose to send to all interested, yet
some may by mistake be missed. All such
and those deserving specific information
should write to Fred L. Kimmey, Sec, Room
.500, 325 Dearborn St., Chicago, HI.

Smokers at Wliolesale

for a short time only. Hives, Sections, Foun-
datioD, and all Bee Supplies at bottom prices.
Circular free. If yoa rear Queens for bale men-
tion the fact when writing.

49A3t ARTHUR RATTRAY. Almont, Mich.
Mention Bee Journal %vhen nrriting'.

The Emerson Bioder

This Emerson stlfE-board Binder with clotb
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
bnt 75 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.50. It li
a fine thing^ to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yoa have
this ** Emerson ^^ no farther blnding^ la neces*

^"^ QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Seefl-Time anfl
Harvest

is an illustrated Monthly Journal for country
homes. It is known everywhere as the Great
'•Home Industry" Monthly. It is a "Peri-
odical with a Purpose." Its mission is "Teach
Independence Through Home Employment."
Only 25 cents per year ; none free.

S66d-Tini6& Harvest Pub. 6o.

Depl. 206, Scranton, Pa.

Please mentioa the Bee Journal.

FRUIT BOOKS FREE

Send your iianu' and addrtfss at once and
yiiu will ri;'ei.-ive by rttiirn nuUl sjiiiijile
lojiirs of tlu- Best FRnT P^vfer and full
jijii ii.iilais aliout the "Bro. Jonatliaii
Km lit I'.Ddks," which luaybe secured free.

FRUIT-GROWER COMPANY

^12 SouTU ?TH Street, ST. JOSEPH, MO.

THE

PENNSYLVANIA

SPECIAL

The Pioneer 18 Hour Train

CHICAGO TO NEW YORK

Leaves Chicago daily at - 2:45 p.m.

Union Station
Arrives New York - 9:45 next a.m.

RSTORNINS

Leaves New Vork - 3:55 p.m.
Arrives Chicago - - 8:55 a.m.

Electric Lighted Throughout.

Compartment Observation Car — Club

Car and Standard Sleepers

Chicago to New York.

City Ticket Office, 248 S. Clark Street.

For detailed information address

C. L. KIMBALL

Assistant Gen. Passenger Agent,
No. 2 Sherman Street, CHICAGO

M SJB3.< IS oi 9 mojj ism puy
o ino oa aoAo^ i

a
^ ■

n

rij tcuH E

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir: — I have tried almost everythiag Id
the smoker Hue; 3 id the last 3 years. In short
If I want any more smokers your new style Is
^ood enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in.
* duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.

Trees, Plants & Seeds ><^^

THAT GROW /^^T.^

Best (jualitv. Good l)i-ar-/^'fci' oV^TestecJ
ors. Low prices, Appli'/^VLjO ^V^^ e e d s
4i- ; Plum and Clierry/\»\"-< -/viTv cheap.
IJu; Peach 4c; all>^*k.Y.fe5-^ Freight paid
liudded: Con- /^ ,e5?^on trees. Cata-
eord Grapes >^^^A®V^^ loKUe, English or
•2c; Forest^,/^<fk*\,0>/Gerni:in, free. Write

-^ ^V* cu/f,,r it i.idav. Address

GERMAN NfJRSERIES,
Box 30 Beatrice, Neb.

Mention Bee Journal n^hen writing.

If%.aO For
4C 200 Egq
INCUBATOR

Perfect Id coDstmctloD and
' .lOtion. Hatches every fertile
J egg. Write for catalog to-day _^_^

IgEO. H. STAHL, Oulncy III

Mention Bee Jonrnal when -wTitliig.

Poultry
Dollars
Come
Easy

Our l«rKe, r)2 to ii2 page TOapazine,
beautifully illustrated best printed
and edited poultry journal, makes
it easy to add iff to your income by
keeping a few lions on a town lot.
or make a success on a large scale;
covers everything. I* O U L T R Y
S U C n B S S . one year, 5nc: larKS
illustrated poultry book free to an-
nual subscribers, a months trial,
ICC. Poultry Spccess Co.

Dept. 17. Springfleld. Ohio.

SOCtf Mention Bee Journal when writing-.

All
About

California

The Paoiflc Rural Press has been a house-
hold word throughout California for 35 years.
It is authority oo all matters regarding the
soil or products of California. Weekly, illus-
trated: Edited by practical specialists. Two
Dollars per year. Send for sample copy.

Pacific Rural Press,

330 Market Street, SiN Francisco, Calif.
SOAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Christmas Holiday Excursion Rates

via the Nickel Plate Road between
Chicago and Buffalo. Dates of sale
Dec. 23, 24, 25, 30 and 31, 1905, and Jan.
1, 1906, at a fare and a third for the
round trip, with return limit of Jan. 3,
1906. Throus:h train service to New
York City, Boston, and other Eastern
points. No excess fare. Individual
Club Meals served in Nickel Plate din-
ing cars. Three through trains daily
from La Salle and Van Buren St. Sta-
tion. The only depot in Chicago on
the Elevated Loop. 39— 49A3t

Glass Jars for HoDey

We can ship by return freight at the

following prices:

i.,-lb. Tip-Top .fars— case of 24 doz., *S.OO:
3 cases, $23,00.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5 25; 3 cases for S15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

Hand.'' Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any;
good as new. If interested write for price.

50 boxes good 2nd-hand 5gal. Tin Cane, 3
in a box — 10 boxes for $4 00.

When sending for sample jars include 15
cents each to cover postage, etc.

YORK HONEY Itippl^^ CO.

(Not incorporated]
141 Ontario Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

85c for 15 NAMES

Fur names anrt P. O.

I 'I i.j farmer:^ and 15c
. , - stamps laken — we

Will .-end lor Jyr.s. tlit- Farm.T"s Call — rep. suh.
prue .lOc a year. F. C. is a wklv,. -.'.i vrs.old. l.aOO
pages a yr. Sample free. Farmer's Call. Quincv, III.

870

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 14, 1905

THIS PRIDE KINGC

3

FREIGHT
PAID

This i"; positively cne iowcsl pi lec cvci uiauc
fur a genuine Uak Heater, fully guaranteed or
money back. PRIDE KING has a draw cen-
ter grate, corrugated cast iron tire pot, sheet
steel body, heavy cast base and heavy cast
front with large front door hung on double
hinges, heavy cast swing top, heavy cast ring
at joining of body and fire pot. large cast ash

pit door, two screw draft regulators, and is

th2 only stove of its kind supplied with an ash
pan. The $3.'-ig price is for stove with wood grate; coal grate
10 cents additional, making a powerful heater thatvyiU .
burn wood, hard or soft coal. A beautiful stove. fuU
nickel trimmed, as shown in cut. Write for it today-
it's the best stove bargain of the season.

Ask us how you can save $1.50 to $?.)0 a year on your
hi ,useh..lil suiiplies. Others are doing it, why not you?
Tue plan is simple-you set 10 per cent diseount on
everything you buv. Write today tor information.

Our lOOO-page I'' REE merchandise catalog has hun-
dreds of stove snaps you can't fiud anywhere else.
Write for it NOW:itwin saveyou money eyerv, day. ,
Co-OperalivB Society of tlie Hatiooal Supply Co.. Lansing, Mich., Clilcigo ^

_ J Ci__l, is an illustrated monthly

rarm and mock magazine >°i|2s'^s^^

Corn Breeding. Cultivation and ^^^^^^^^jTO^

a Hhrtt-t, riine will be sent a year on ^^'liU nVnn 1 7. J*. JUiJ-''
?rial foi- 10c alid names often farmei-s who grow corn.

Farm & Stock, 228 Charles. St. Joseph. Mo.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writlnR advertisers.

TELEPHONE

Facts fop Farmeps

Send for free book 8U-A. It contains
telephone factsthat aremonev-savers
Strombersr - Carlson Tel. IMfg.
Co., Rochester, N.Y.. Chlcago.Ul.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when viTitins.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., riarshfleld, Wis.

NO MORE LOST LETTERS

If 5oa take advantage of the offer we make to furnish y.ubeautif ally Punted

I All for $1.

Sialionery. which we will send you postpaid.

iSl^e honey- jars

The Mo. 25 HonevJar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tip nt, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

1 gross lots $4 SO per gross

S " " 4.U0

Also in strong RE-SHiPPINQ CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom— a perfect protection—

1 case lots tl-00 per case

5 " « "

10 " -90 "

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

S case lots, per case, 3 doz »5c

10 •' " " 80c

20 " " " «c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,

265 & 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

For Sale-2 5,000 Lbs.rtlnia

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb tin cans— 6c a pound for the lot, or BJ^c

for less, F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the Kee Jonrnal.

« The Farmers' Tribune One Year and
® 100 Note Heads and 100 Envelopes

FOR SALE

Until further notice, fi^e^t quality new crop
California Water-White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam
pies, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN
265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New Iiokk, N.^
34Atf Please menlion the Bee Journal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaOS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
41Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Big Discounts
on Bee=Supplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey. packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1.... 4 "

Jan. 1 7 " I April 1 2

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Farmers' Tribune is the leading Live Stock Journal of Ihe Northwest. The
stationery is really free. It is printed on nice paper with your name, address
and name of farm or business.

We guarantee to deliver in

Ask jour printer «hat he will charge for such stationery. Th's will prove the
unparalleled offer we are making you. Address,

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry aniouiilstomany times
the cost of Lambert's Deatli to
Lice — the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved aud profit made by
its use. Frees silting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 cz.. by express. Sl.OU.
O. K. STOCK FOOO CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Monon Rldc-i. Cblcutro. 111.

FARMERS' TRIBUNE,

Semi lor liee sample copy of our sreat paper.

7 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during December. Send for our Catalog.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO.. New London, Wis.

•-PURE ALFALFA-*

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of PureAHalta
HOI^EV in 60-pound cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 2 cans,
boxed, at 8^ cents a pound ; 4 or more cans at
one time, S cents a pound— all f.o.'b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYTu^pp^L^v^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 14 I90S

lllh AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

871

Lowest Prices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 '•

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 6 "

" March 1 4 "

" April 1 2 '■

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly,
"SOc a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.
Mention Bee Jonrnal irhen ivrltlns.

Chicago, Dec. o.— The trade in best grades of
white comt) honej has bean fair, jet retailers
taking only small quantities at a time. This
houej brings 14@15c ; other grades are difficult
to place at from ifq 3c per pound less. Extracted
selling at 7('_' 7^c per pound for white; amber
6H@7c ; dark S\>^(a:()c. Beeswax, when clean and
of good cojor, 30c. R A. Bukneit & Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 2*.— The demand for comb
honey is relaxing to some extent, owing to the
majority of the trade being well supplied. All
fears of a comb honey famine have been al-
layed. We quote fancy white comb honey at
14@16c. Extracted honey is in fair demand.
Quote amber at 5J<@6Hc, according to the pack-
age and quality. Fancy white and white clover
extracted at 6J^@8*^c. We are paying 2xS^c per
pound delivered here for choice yellow beeswax.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

Thb Fred W. Muth Co.

Toledo, Oct. 17— The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the sameas
last quotations. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, I3c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6J4@6i^c;
amber, in barrels, 5@5Kc; in cans, Ic to IKc
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

Albant, N.Y., Nov. 8.— Our honey market is
in healthy condition; demand leood; receipts
about equal to demand. Prices are not quite as
high as last year, but the tendency has been to
work o£f the honey before cold weather, and we
think the crop has come forward more than
usual this season, which is a good sign. We
quote: Fancy white clover, l5c; A No. 1, 14c;
No. 1, 13c; buckwheat, fancy, 13c; A No. 1,12c;
No, 1, U@12c; straight buckwncat is wanted in
this market. Extracted, quiet: white, 7^c;
mixed, 6^c; buckwheat, 6>6c. Beeswax scarce
at SOc. H. R. Wright.

Philadelphia, Nov. 20.— The demand has
been very good for honey in the past 10 days.
In fact, it takes a little sharp, cool weather to
get people started, and when they do start, the

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIGHT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

7 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

M ^ DECEMBERS

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

c. H.W.WEBER "s:r

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

I

demand continues for some months. We would
say, now is the height of the honey season. We
quote, in a jobbing wav: Fancy comb, lS(a*l7c;
No. 1, uaiSc; amber, 12@13c. Extracted, fancy
white, 7(a'Sc; amber, b%c. Beeswax firm at 28c,
We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selsbr.

Ineianapolis, Nov. 7. — There is a tendency
for higher prices on best grades of honey. The
demand for strictly fancy white comb hooey
exceeds the supply. Demand for lower grades
of comb honey not good. Numerous shipment!^
of honey arriving, but no one producer seems to
have very great quantities to ofifer. I quote
fancy white at 15@l6c; No. I in poor demand at
12c, and amber dull atlOc. Best grade extracted
brings 8@9c in 60-lb. cans; amber slow at 5c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. Walter S. Pouder.

Denver, Nov. 11.— No. 1 white comb honey,
per case of 24 sections, $3.35; No. 1 light amber,
$3.00; No. 2, $2 50@3.00. Extracted honey, 6H
@7 cts. per pound. Supply is light and we
cou d make quick sales of consignments at
above figures. We pay 24c for clean, yellow
beeswax delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn,

Cincinnati, Nov. 17. — The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the prices high. We quote as fol-
lows: Fancy water-white and No. 1 white clo-
ver, 14(gHbc; No. 2, 12'«'14c. Extracted seems to
be more plentiful, and we quote same in barrels,
light amber, 5^'{@5^c; in cans, Mc more; white
clover, 7@f<c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C. H.W. Weber.

New Yoke, Dec. 6.— The demand for comb
honey continues to be fair for all grades. Prices
practically remain the same. We quote fancy
white at HwiSc ; No. 1 at I3c ; No. 2 at 12c, and
buckwheat at 10c per pound, Extracted honey
is in good demand, especially California honey
with large supplies. We quote white at 6J4'" 7c;
light amber at oc ; buckwheat, extracted, at
5!>s@6c per pound ; Southern at 50@60c per gal-
lon. Beeswax firm and steady at 2''(«:30c per
pound. Hildreth oi: Segelken.

San Francisco, Nov. 28.— White comb. 1-lb,
sections, 8@'> cents: amber, 6®7c. Extracted,
waterwhite,4M@4?^c; white,4J4@4Kc; light am-
ber, 3^@4 cents; amber, 3@3Mc; dark amber,
2K@3c. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 26@27c;
dark, 24'" 25c.

The honey market, as has been predicted,
has declined quite materially this week. Water
white can now be bought at 45ic in the South,
and even at this figure there is little buying.
The Hawaiian honey crop has been a very
large one this season, and has been an impor-
tant factor in regulating the price of amber
honey. A great deal of the Hawaiian honey
has been shipped direct to England, where it is
largely in use in the manufacture of various
kinds of foodstuffs. California bee- men are
being forced to a realization of the fact that
honey is produced in so many different parts of
the world that a failure of crops in one small
district does not necessarily mean higher prices.

For names and P. O.
it U farmers and I5c
— stamps taken — we
will send for 2 yrs. the Farmer's Call — re^. sub.
price 50c a year. F. C. is a wklv., l'5 vrs.old, 1,300
pages a yr. Sample free. Farmer's Call, Quincy, III.

85c for 15 NAMES

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8c

TWO OR MORE CRATES; 7 'A
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. ClfMCINNATI. CASH WITHORDER. SAMPLES 1 Oe^
TO PAY POSTAGE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SEND FOR CATALOG OF BEE SUPPLIES WITH SPECIAL DISCOUNT.

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey — Fancy white, "c; fancy
amber, G'.c ; '^c less in 5 case lots or more.
C. C. CLEMONS & CO.
45 Uf KANSAS CITY, MO.

rtONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, baying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 SOUTH Water St. Chicago. Ill

872 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 41, 1905

AGISTS WANTED

For Lewis' Goods by the Carload

MAINE

NE"W HAMPSHIRE

VERMONT

MASSA.CHUSETTS

CONNECTICUT

RHODE ISLAND
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
MISSISSIPPI
ALABAMA.

GEORGIA
FLORIDA
LOUISIANA
SOUTHERN OHIO

Liberal territory given.
For further particulars address Home Office

Q. B. LEWIS CO. ^"iiir Watertown,Wis.

XJ. S. A..

T»? *»• 7»T T»? *♦? T»T •»• ?♦? ?♦? W T»? T»? ?»? Tj? T)?

7|? ^.•- •»♦,«■ Tf? '.tv '.♦,« •♦?■ •».♦,« 'f • T»T T»T TJ? 7^ ?^ 1!J?

Are You Going to the National Bee-Keepers'

Convention at Chicago Dee. 19, 20, 21 ?

If so, be sure to make your headquarters

AT OUR CHICAGO AGENCY,
YORK HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.,

141 and 143 Ontario Street,

H. M. ARND, Mgr.,

Where you will be cordially welcomed, and where all information can be obtained regard-
ing'Convention and city. Respectfully,

G. B. LEWIS CO.

Ee Journal

CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 21, 1905.

No. 51.

To My Wife in Heaven

BY REV. L. L. LANGSTROTH

Wife of mj' youth— I dream of thee,

Arrayed in bridal form ;
I hold in mine thy trusting hand —

Hail ! happy marriage morn !

To God we vow our glad " I will " —

Thy soft, responsive voice —
Of twain made one by wedded baads —

And I, with thee, rejoice.

Sweet, loving wife— God's gracious gift-

And art thou all my own?
This plighted hand I'll closer clasp —

Dear Lord ! I wake alone.

Ah ! silent lips, whose law of love

So gently swayed my will.
When trusting in thee, heart to heart.

We were united still.

Weeping lasts but a night, dear wife;

Joy Cometh with the light;
But for a moment darkened days.

Then where there is no night,

Both shall be present with the Lord,
Grievings and partings past;

Soul knit to soul by Heavenly bands
While lengthening ages last.

\^

874

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 21, 1905

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE StTBSCKIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
SI tio a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 60
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy tree.

THE WRAPPER-LABBIi DATE indicates the
endof the month to which your subscription ispai-1.
Forlnstance. '"dectto^'on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember.

SirBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pav subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

lgt _To promote the interests of its members.

2(j.l-To protect and delend its members in their
lawful riehts. . ^ ... j ,^ .- »

3d.— To enforce laws agamst the adulteration ol
honey*

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treasurer —

weneraiiiio k n.E. Fkance, Platteville, Wli.

ty If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
onbllsbers of the American Bee JoumaL

Tlie Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

•1. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1 . Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of 2n) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any hooey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10, increased by one-
flfth of one (1) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-keeping.

George W. York, Manager,

3^4 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill.

^'Xhe cootimious advertiser
gels llie bulk oi llie business*
because others are not adver-
tising, and lie is.^^

When attending: the National Bee-Keepers'
Convention at Chicago. Dec. 19, 20, 21

COME AND INSPECT

LEWIS' BEE-WARE

AND MAKE YOUR HEADQUARTERS AT

YORK HONEY '^^^^^ CO. (?. )

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

We are also Western Agents for

The Cornell Incubator Mfg. Company

^" ^■■^^^^■' Incubators, Brooders, and Poultry Supplies.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-SuppUes in exchanre— delivered here.
7 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN DECEMBER on Bee-Suppllcs

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION Jn^iH^?'' ^

Retail, Wholesale and Jobbing.
Owes its REPUTATION entirely to its MERITS, and onr PERSISTENT EFFORTS to
MAKE the BEST and KEEP it the BEST.

It is TOUGH, CLEAR, and PERFECTLY TRANSPARENT, has the NATURAL SWEET
ODOR of PURE WAX, and the COLOR of the BRIGHTEST and LIGHTEST LEMON and
ORANGE.

We make a SPECIALTY of WORKING WAX into FOUNDATION for CASH, by the
TENS, HUNDREDS and THOUSANDS of POUNDS, and we are in the Best Shape to attend to
all orders promptly, our capacity being 1500 pounds daily.

FULL and COMPLETE LINE of SUPPLIES, and the BEST ONLY.

Do not fail to write for SAMPLES of our Foundation, Dsscriptive Catalog, PRICES and
DISCOUNTS, stating Quantity of Foundation wanted. Wax to be Worked, and List of other
Supplies, and Prices will be accordingly. Beeswax always wanted.

E. GSAiNGER & Co , Toronto, Ontario .... Agents for Canada
The Beb and Honey Co., Beeville, Texas . . " Texas

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts, England ... " Great Britain

W. D. SoPEF, Jackson, Michigan •* Michigan

Mention Bee JournnI when writing. GUS DITTMER, AugUSta, Wis.

Smokers at WHolesale

for a short time only. Hives, Sections, Foun-
dation, and all BeeSappies at bottom prices.
Circular free. IE jou rear Queens for sale men-
tion the fact when writing.

49A3t ARTHUR RATTRAY. Almont. Mich.

Mention Bee Journal nlien irrlting.

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
eon. By sending us a list ot goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

i

1

1

1

1
i

LAST CALL FOB NAMES TO ENTER ON OUR MAILING LIST
FOR OUR NEW BEE-SUPPLY CATALOG

This Catalog is better than ever. It is valuable, not merely for the listing ot
Supplies and the economy in prices, but also for the valuable hints to bee-keepers
contained therein.

This Catalog has been nearly a year in preparation, and as a handy book for
the average bee-keeper it has no equal. Send your name in at once ; we begin mail-
ing right after Jan, 1st,

In the meantime write us for prices on any Supplies that you may want.
Better still, let us quote you prices for any delivery on next summer's Supplies. We
can do work cheaper at this time ot the year than is possible during the rush season.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Power BldQ.,MinneaDolis, Minn.

NOT IN THE TRUST

For High-Grade
Cans

Prices Always
the Lowest

Write for Prices,
Stating Quantity
Wanted

Friction Top Cans for Honey and Syrup

Prompt shipment and careful attention given to all orders. Special prices to members of the Bee-Keepers' Associations.
Mention Bee Journal when wrltlns. Made by CANNERS CAN CO., 1035 W. 47th Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

875

! "DADAIT'S FOUNDATION" |

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Name of Grade 1-lb. S-lbs. 10-lbs.

Medium Brood 55 53 51. .

Light Brood 57 55 53. .

Thin Surplus 62 60.

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63.

.58.
.61.

251bs. 50 lbs.

...49 48

...51 SO

...56 55

...59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

October 9 "

November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

February 4 "

March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

■(f'f)"(f-(f-(f-<|)-(|)"f)«(f"(|)"f)-f)-f)f(f"(f-(f-(f-(f

BEE- SUPPLIES

Everything the bee-keeper needs. Distributing house for Lewis' Goods at Factory
Prices. Now is the time to buy for next season.

Cash Orders for regular Supplies before January,
7 percent Discount.

FINE EXTRACTED HONEY in cans or barrels. The best the world can produe''
Samples 8 cents, to pay postage and packing. How much can you use? Prices quoted quic
on the quantity you mention.

We buy BEESWAX at all times in the year. Send for our Catalog and "Special"

— free.

ClUI C^^TT Jf f^f^ ^004. East Wash. Street
• IVIa OV^Vi/ I I OC V^V#* INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •^•^

•{•<• •{••^ •i'+

Bee - SuDDiies ! |

We carry a large stock and greatest

variety of everything needed in the ^•

Apiary, assuring bestgoodsat lowest S^

',^ prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus- ^\

f^ trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. 5^

• a Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language. ^.

1^ KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa. ^:

J5 AGENCIES C-

^ Trester Supply Co., Iiincoln, Neo. I Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas. &

■^ ShugartA Onren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Lamar, Colo. ^"

4 Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex. S^

Mention Bee Jonmal when writing.

if you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

i>rof . A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Bee-Keepers'
Early Discounts

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Get New Snbscrikrs

Why not get a New Subscriber f©r
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal ?

Before October 1.. .
" November 1.

.deduct 10 percent
. " 9 "

" December 1.

. " 8 "

" .January 1...
" February 1.
" March 1

. " 7 "
. " 6 "
. " 4 "

" April 1

,( 2 "

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest. Can take Honey and Beeswax
in excbang^e for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes and illustrates everything- for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS,

8 521 Monroe Street,

0 TOLjHJDO, OHIO.

Mention Bee Journal when wTttlns,

876

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

AT CHICAGO

Our branch is located at 144 E. Erie St. It is in charge of Mr. R. W. Boyden. We
keep at this branch a very complete stock of our bee-supplies. Shipping there very fre-
quent carloads of goods, you can get from Chicago any special supplies with very little
delay. On regular supplies we can save you both time and freight.

Mr. Boyden is thoroughly familiar with our line of Supplies, and is also a born bee-
keeper. He knows the city. We trust our friends will feel perfectly free to ask his ser-
vices in any way. Mr. Boyden will be present at the National Convention, and stands
ready to accommodate you.

Our Line for 1906

OUR HIVES AND SECTIONS

Our hives and equipment, both for workmanship and clearness of stock, can not be excelled, and we doubt if they
have ever been equalled. So strong is the demand for these goods that there has been a strife in many cases among
dealers to get the Root Company's lines because they knew that everything that bears the Root brand is always popular
with the customer, and always the best that money and brains can produce.

Our sections and frames for 1906 are even better than ever. They are inspected and re-inspected, and each inspector
is required to put in each box of sections that he passes upon his own inspector's card, so that if complaint is made this
card will come back on him. As he is anxious to hold his position and if possible get an increase in pay, it is clearly to
his interest, as well as that of the customer, to let nothing but perfect goods pass.

THE ROOT AUTOMATIC EXTRACTORS

Our extractors for 1906 in point of improvements and quality of workmanship leave everything else in the shade.
The four, six and eight frame machines have the finest automatic reversing mechanism that has ever been put into a
machine. Even the two frame models can have the reversing mechanism put on at a slight additional cost ; but we do not
ordinarily advise buying the two-frame automatic. Steel construction has been substituted for cast iron wherever practi-
cable.

OUR CATALOG FOR 1906

A great improvement over last year. Entirely revised and rewritten. New cover. New cuts. Every article is
classified. No price-tables to confuse. The price of each article is directly under the description or illustration. The first
edition is now on the press. If you wish a copy of this let us have your name now.

DeceniDer istn Gieaninos

#

When this issue of the American Bee Journal reaches you our Splendid
Christmas Issue will be ready for mailing. Without doubt the finest bee-maga-
zine ever printed. Three-Color Cover. 100 pages of matter. Many beautiful
halftones. Extremely valuable articles. We have a limited number of copies
which we will sell at 10 cents each. Better send 25 cents now, and we will send
the Magazine for 6 months' trial, and include this number, or, better still, send
fl.OO for the year. You will find Gleanings in all principal clubbing lists.

.*#'. .WAi*- VAiT' >#■- .*#■'. -■#«■ .*#■*■ .■'#■'- .«#V. .liiir.

;K»^I« «5a.«?«t te*<»^** ^•»-«?« 4»>mU^

^? •1#l> <!»." if" -I*.*" 'I*!" '1«.« 'I*.* <♦.• ^#5

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Hedina, Ohio

BRANCHES : 144 trie St., GhicaQO 10 Vine St., Philadelphia 44 Veseu St., New York

▼ ▼▼▼▼

(Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
PubUshed Weekly at 91.00 a Tear by Ceorge W. Tork & Co., 334 Uearborn St.

OeORQE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, DECEMBER 21, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 51

=^

(£bitortal Hotes
anb (Eonimcnts

J

Father Langstroth's Heretofore Unpublished Poem

The front page this week will, we believe, be admired
and also appreciated by every reader of the old American
Bee Journal. The poem was written and sent to us by
Father Langstroth himself, in August, 1895, just a month
or so before his death. We have kept it all these years, and
now, at this Christmas convention season we publish it
with the excellent full-length portrait of the great, loving
and beloved Langstroth, whose name and memory are
revered by every bee-keeper who knows anything at all
about the interesting history of American bee-keeping.

As we read his tender lines to his wife, who had pre-
ceded him, we get a glimpse of his loyalty and devotion to
one whom he adored throughout the long years of wedded
bliss, and whom he expected soon to meet and greet in
"The Better Land."

Langstroth I Some day there should be written a vol.
ume containing a detailed account of the life and work of
I,orenzo Lorain Langstroth, for the benefit of the world of
bee-keepers, for to his invention of the movable frame all
who to-day are enjoying profits from the honey-bee owe
their success.

Shall We Take More than One Bee-Paper?

The effort is constantly being made to have the Ameri-
can Bee Journal so comprehensive and instructive that it
shall, as nearly as possible, contain all that is necessary to
keep its readers fully abreast of the times, so that they will
not need any other bee-paper. The same, no doubt, may be
said of other bee-papers. Please notice, however, that
phrase, " as nearly as possible" — it is advisedly spoken.
When all possible effort has been made, it still remains true
that some other paper may contain something of so much
value that its knowledge might well be worth the year's
subscription. The editor of Gleanings well says :

" If any one keeps bees for the money he can make out
of them, he ought by all means to take not only one journal
but two or three of them. Gleanings does not pretend to
cover the whole field of apiculture. The personal bias of
an editor, even though that bias be unconscious, may cause
him to emphasize certain developments of bee-lore to the

total neglect of all others. As I look over our exchanges I
can see fields that they are covering that Gleanings is not ;
and, conversely, I can see fields that we are covering that
they do not.

" W. L. Coggshall, perhaps the most extensive bee-
keeper in the world, once said to me that he could not afford
not to take all the bee-papers published in the UnitedState s
and that, moreover, he could not afford not to scan every;
page after they came into his hands."

Even if nothing entirely new were to be found in other
papers, it sometimes happens that the same truth presented
in different words appears in a different light to the reader,
so that it is almost like the reception of a new truth. " Keep
more bees " is likely to be good advice. Equally good is the
advice, " Take more than one bee-paper."

A Western Convention on Wheels

Editor Aikin, in Irrigation, suggests that if a number
are going to the Chicago convention from Colorado, they
might get together on the same train, " and so have a con-
vention all the way through." These traveling conven-
tions have proven very pleasant on other occasions, and
have some advantages over the more usual kind. But it is
somewhat cheaper to " hire a hall " than a railroad car.

Prevention of Granulation of Honey

An item in Praktischer Wegweiser says honey will re-
main liquid if put in tin or glass vessels and then allowed
to stand 5 or 6 days in the sun in a solar wax-extractor.
Whether this proves an entire success or not, one can easily
believe that the tendency will be in that direction. More
than one case has been reported of section honey kept in an
attic, where the fierce heat of the summer so cured it that
the zero weather of the following winter had no bad effect
on it.

Caucasian Bees— Various Opinions

Reports as to a new race of bees are generally more or
less contradictory, and there is no exceptiofl in the case of
the Caucasians, unless it be that accounts are more contra-
dictory than usual. Ratings vary all the way from worth-
less to the very best. As to their appearance, little has
been said beyond the fact that they are so like blacks in
appearance as to be difficult of recognition. The following
description, written by " Swarthmore," in the American
Bee-Keeper, is therefore of interest :

" Caucasians are very dark, inclined to vary a little,
striped with narrow brownish bands, with a cast of brown-
ish hairs, somewhat like the Carniolans. The workers are
quite small, but very active ; the drones are as black as your

878

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

shoe, much smaller than Italian or Carniolan drones ; the
queens are not large, quite dark, with bronze or copper-
yellow spots on their under sides ; very pcolific. Both
queens and workers are quite nervous under manipulation,
but do not run off the combs nor pile in knots, as do the
blacks. Caucasians are exceedingly gentle, and will sub-
mit to manipulation, almost to actual abuse, without resent-
ment. They seldom require much smoke — the breath often
only being needed to open their hives and to drive them
back. Yet they are alert in defense against robbers."

Driving them back with the breath seems to work in a
peculiar manner upon Caucasians. Blowing the breath
upon other bees is likely to be the signal for a prompt attack
upon the blower.

Shipping Carloads of Comb Honey

Mr. Leo F. Hanegan, manager of the St. Croix Valley
Honey-Producers' Association, referring to several state-
ments made recently in the American Bee Journal about
the number of pounds in a carload of honey, etc., writes us
as follows :

George W. York & Co.—

Gentlemen : — Regarding the amount of honey to a car-
load, I will say that our experience is that 1000 to 1500 24-
section cases of comb honey make a fair load ; in fact, all
that we feel safe in piling in one car. We have shipped

brought out some points relative to this carload question,
and asked for discussion of the subject, but received no
response.

Shipping comb honey in carload lots is the safest and
most satisfactory way to move it a long distance, and this
subject should have its place in the bee-papers, as well as
how to produce honey.

I am sending you a copy of the American Bee-Keeper
referred to above, and will furnish the engravings used
therein if you wish them. Yours truly,

Glenwood, Wis., Oct. 19. Leo F. Hanegan.

We take the following extracts from the article referred
to by Mr. Hanegan as having appeared in the American
Bee-Keeper, which was written by its editor :

Some time ago, Mr. Leo F. Hanegan, manager of the
St. Croix Valley Honey-Producers' Association, sent a pho-
tograph showing a side-tracked car which his Association
was loading with comb honey. Some correspondence in
regard to their method resulted, and considerable interest-
ing information was secured.

In the first place, a clean, dry refrigerator car is or-
dered, though, of course, no ice is used, but a clean, dry car
is important.

The accompanying drawing will illustrate the manner
of loading about 1200 24-section cases, making a good load.
The car in the sketch contained 1100 such cases, and repre-
sented a cash value of about $2900, f.o.b. at loading point.

LOADING A CAR WITH COMB HONEY, IN WISCONSIN

1963 24-section cases in one car, and over 1650 in another,
but, if we were correctly informed, the honey did not arrive
in as good condition as it should have done.

In the Western Freight Classification the minimum car
of comb honey is put at 30,000 pounds. There is no use to
load over that amount. Taking out case tare and straw
leaves about 25,000 pounds net of honey. Our largest car
recently shipped cost the buyer $5000, f.o.b.

Yes, 1200 24-section cases make a good car, and all that
need be put into one car.

A box-car will do, but a refrigerator car is tighter when
sealed, so that dust can't get in in transit. Also, a refrig-
erator car is heavier and better built, and, therefore, rides
easier, and ordinarily will hold all that should be put into
one car.

In the American Bee-Keeper for June, 1905, the writer

About 3 inches of straw upon the floor is used ; at the
ends 15 inches. Between the tiers about 6 inches of straw
is securely packed, with only enough at the sides to make
the shipping-cases fit snug and tight. The straw should be
clean, and oat-straw is preferred.

Where a full carload is to be shipped, the cases are
packed 10 high ; but if a less number the tiers are not made
so high, as they should be so loaded as to meet at the mid-
dle of the car.

It should be noted also, that the cases pitch forward
toward the middle ; and that the " break joints " thus add
to the solidity of the aggregated weight.

Unless the buyer specifies other method of loading, this
plan is always followed, and upon each end and each door
of the car a caution card—" Handle with Care "—is tacked.
That is, cases are loaded from each end, and the meeting-

Dec. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

879

place solidly packed with oat-straw, which packingf comes
well above the tiers of cases.

Over the joints of tiers in the drawing may be seen the
ends of stout cleats or beams crosswise of the car, which
serve to hold down the cases. These, however, are used
only over the joints of the 3 end rows, though our artist has
tried to make things doubly safe by using them throughout
the length of the car.

Mr. Hanegan further advises that before loading a car
with comb honey one should be sure that it has no " flat
wheels," as " a flat wheel will make mush of a load of comb
honey in short order." Harry E. Hili,.

Mr. Hanegan says further, in a letter to us, that the
cases do not stand as sloping as represented in the smaller
engraving. By loading thus he feels that honey will stand
more rough handling than by loading in any other way.
He has loaded very large cars where the honey was packed
solid, with some 12 inches of straw in each end of the car.
The honey in cars packed thus, however, did not arrive in
as good condition as when packed with straw between every
few tiers of cases.

Mr. Hanegan very kindly offers to furnish any further
information that may be desired by our readers. We shall
be pleased to hear from other honey-producers who have
had experience in shipping carloads of honey. This is a
very important subject, and one that specialists in comb-
honey production will need to consider more and more as
the years come and go, and as their interest in bee-keeping
increases.

XTIisccUaueous
Hctps •:' 3 terns

A Merry Christmas to every reader of the American
Bee Journal is our wish.

He Reads Two B'S.— A North Carolina beekeeper was
asked lately what he was reading. His reply was : " Two
B's. The Bible and a Bee-book."

The National Convention for 1905 will be almost
closed by the time the majority of the readers of this num-
ber of the American Bee Journal receive it. We expect to
publish a full report of the proceedings in these columns as
soon as possible after the convention. The program as
prepared by Secretary Hutchinson is given below.

Samuel Dysart, of Franklin Grove, 111., wrote us as

follows on Dec. 4 :

I have taken the American Bee Journal almost con-
tinually since it was published by Wagner, in Washington,

D. C, which must be nearly 50 years ago. I kept bees then,
and I have them now, and desire to keep company with
what I call my little friends as long as I can look after them.
With kind regards to all lovers of the honey-bee, I am
Yours respectfully, Samuel Dysart.

We are very glad indeed to hear from the older readers
of the American Bee Journal, which was started by Samuel
Wagner, in January, 1861, so it is not quite 50 years ago.
Occasionally we receive a letter like the one from Mr.
Dysart, although we suppose there are not very many
among our subscribers who took the American Bee Journal
when it first started, and have continued ever since. If it
were possible to get them all together in one group, we
would like very much to have a photograph taken of them
to use in the Journal.

Considerate Bee-Keeper.— Mr. E. Brubaker sends us
the following clipping :

A thoughtful beekeeper was greatly harassed by the
question ever uppermost in his mind, " Have I any right to
rob these bees of their honey ?" After a long time he set-
tled the question this way : , . ,. ^

" I used to feel mean about robbing the bee-hives, but
after thinking the matter over I see now I am right. If it
wasn't for me taking the honey, all of them bees would be
out of work the whole of next summer."— Boerne Post.

But " all of /Af )« bees would be" dead by " next sum-
mer." So his considerateness for the bees was all wasted.
But he doubtless got the honey for it, anyway.

Mr. ThOS. Wm. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Jour-
nal, who has been spending some months in California,
wrote us from Vancouver, B. C, recently :

Dear Mb. York :— We are juststarting East, and hope
to reach London before Christmas, so as to be with all our
family again. We have much enjoyed our visit, and were
pleased again to see our friends. We have met friends all
along our route, and have had a hearty reception.

Yours truly, Thos. Wm. Cowan.

We trust that Mr. and Mrs. Cowan may arrive in Lon-
don again safely, and in good time to enjoy the holiday sea-
son with their family and old-time friends in the homeland.

The Minnesota Convention was held Dec. 6 and 7, in
Minneapolis. We expect to publish a report later. The
officers elected for the ensuing year are as follows :

President, Dr. L. D. Leonard, of Minneapolis ; 1st .Vice-
President, Scott La Mont, of Jarretts ; 2d Vice-President,
J. M. Doudna, of Minneapolis ; 3d Vice-President, J. W.
Murray, of Excelsior; Secretary, Rev. C. B. Blaker, of
Richfield; and Treasurer, W. S. Wingate, of Minneapolis.
Executive Committee, H. G. Acklin. of St. Paul ; Rev. J.
H. Kimball, of Duluth ; and Wm. Russell, of Minneapolis.

Why Not send in some new subscriptions for the Amer-
ican Bee Journal ? Samples free for the asking.

Program for the National Convention.

FIRST DAY— TCESDAT.

Evening Session- 7:30 p.m.

Wax-Rendering Methods and their Faults —
0. L. Hershiser, Buffalo, N. Y.

Can the Tariff on Comb Honey be Tinkered
to the Advantage of the United States Bee-
Keeper?— Hildreth i^i Segelken, New York.

SECOND DAY— Wednesday.

Morning Session— 9:30 a.m.

How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep' — E. D.
Townsend, Remus, Mich.

Short Cuts in Bee-Keeping— M. A. Gill,
Longmont, Colo.

Question-Box.

Afternoon Session — 2:00 p.m.

The Control of Increase— L. Stachelhausen,
Converse, Tex.

Migratory Bee-Keeping — R. F. Holtermann,
Brantford, Canada.

The Dietetic and Hygienic Relations of
Honey— Dr. E. L. Eaton, State Analyst Illi-
nois Food Commission, Chicago.

Question-Box.

Evening Session— 7:30 p.m.

Contagious Diseases Among Bees and How
to Distinguish Them— Dr. Wm. R. Howard,
Ft. Worth, Tex.

Experimental Apiculture— Dr.E. F. Phillips,
Washington, D. C.

THIRD DAY— Thursdat.
Morning Session — 9:30 a.m.
The Honey-Producers' League — Can it Help
Bee-Keepers!— R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

The Business End of Bee-Keeping— N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.

Successful Experience in the Making of
Honey-Vinegar— H. M. Arnd, Chicago.

Question-Box.

Afternoon Session- 2:00 p.m.

In What Way Can Bee-Keepers Secure their
Supplies at Lower Prices? — W. H. Putnam,
River Falls, Wis.

How the Producer and Dealer May Advance
their Mutual Interests— Fred W. Muth, Cin-
cinaati, Ohio.

Question-Box.

Evening Session — 7:30 p.m.

What Have We to Hope for from the Non-
Swarming Hivei—L. A. Aspinwall, Jackson,
Mich.

Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper —
Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

680

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21 , 190S

4^ (£ontrtbutcb -f
Special Clrticles

jf

Honey Markets— Bees and Pollination—
Cleome

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

SINCE coming to Europe I have been surprised at two
things : First, the apparent scarcity of honey as an article

of food; and, second, at the high price which it brings
in the market.

As to the first point, let me say that though I have been
in all the British Isles — England, Ireland, and Scotland — in
France, Belgium. Holland, and now in Germany, yet not in a
single case, either at hotel or pension, has honey been put
before us. Several times I have called for it, only to be told
that there was none at hand. I had been told that in Europe
honey was as invariably a table article as is butter in America.
True, this was said of Switzerland, and as yet we have not
feasted at the boards of the Swiss. But so far as I have seen
and tasted this incomparable sweet, the best of all the carbo-
hydrate foods is most marked by its scarcity in all European
hostelries. I would that honey might be known and tasted,
yea, freely eaten by all who crave this delectable food.

Again, honey is very high in all the countries where I
have visited. I ask for it at the groceries, only to be told, in
case it is to be had at all, which very often it is not, that it is,
in Britain, from •><» to 1 shilling — that is, 18 to 25 cents
per pound; in France and Belgium, a franc or more, which is
20 cents; in Holland about the same, while here in Berlin it
takes a mark (about 25 cents) to get a pound of comb honey.

It is unfortunate that our splendid comb honey cannot
rSach the consumer at a price that he can afford to pay, even
though he be a laboring man, earning his daily bread by the
sweat of his brow. Such men are often — very often — God's
best servants, and so most deserving his best bounties. Surely,
it ought to be the good work of our associations so to plan
that such wholesome food as honey shall reach the eater at a
price that he can afford to pay, even though he be an humble
member of society.

If our associations could so plan that enough of the
middle men would, be eliminated so that prices would remain
within the reach of the day-laborer, a great blessing would
be wrought. I believe that the American bee-keeper could
live and thrive if extracted honey could always be sold at 6
cents per pound, and comb honey at 10 cents per pound. Can
we not fashion machinery that will carry this to the table at
a SO percent advance— say 9 cents for extracted and 15 cents
for comb? What a boon it would be could the world's poor
get these, and even better rates on second-grade honey ! I
hope our associations, such as have been organized in some
of the States, as well as the National Association, will hammer
away on this proposition till results come that will bless the
producer and the consumer alike.

I am also rather surprised to learn how away-behind the
European honey-producer is in the way he puts his honey into
the market. True, I have seen some fine, clean sections, but
for the most part, when I have called for honey I have been
offered an article that would find no buyers at all in the marts
of our own cities. This, I believe, is true all along the line.
We do our work better and practice methods that are far
more brainy than are those used here. In getting from Europe
such masters as the Dadants, and Grimms, I believe we have
secured the very best that Europe has to give. The rank and
file of those who hold the plow — all those who work in manual-
labor pursuits— read and study far less than do our farmers,
orchardists, and bee-keepers. Their ways are away behind
ours, and their methods are surprisingly not up-to-date.

Bees and Pollination.

larn surprised to find how few in Europe, especially
in Britain, depend solely upon bees for their support. I
am told, by reliable authority, that only one person in all
the British Isles is exclusively a bee-keeper. It is said
that he is constantly facing the "wolf at the door," yet
there are hosts of small bee-keepers, who keep a few bees.
Thus the number of bees is greater than in many sections
of our own country. I believe the good that comes to

European agriculture from this redundancy of bees is far
frorn being appreciated. Bees do a grand work in cross-
pollinating the flowers of orchard, garden and field. They
help tremendously in increasing the productivity of crops
by this necessary work. Speed the day when every sec-
tion of the United States shall be as populous in bees as
is the best stocked countries of Germany, Switzerland, and
Austria.

Yellow Cleome.

A subscriber from Arizona sends me flowers of what
we may well call the "Arizona Bee-Plant," or yellow
cleome. He says it often yields very abundantly of nec-
tar, and barring the fact that, it often fails utterly as a
honey-plant, he would regard it as one of the very best
honey-plants of the world. He adds that the years of
failure are in the majority.

This is a close relative of the famous Rocky Mountain
Bee-Plant, or we may well call it the Colorado Bee-Plant.
The latter is pink, while this Arizona one is yellow.

This is known to science as Cleome lutea, or yellow
cleome. It is also closely related to the other cleome, or
spider-plant. I mention both the other plants in my
"Bee-Keeper's Guide," but not this one. It deserves a
place in the list.

It will be remembered that, years ago, in the '80's,
when I experimented under the auspices of the U. S.
Government, to determine if special planting for honey
was practical, I used Cleome integrifolia as one of the
plants. I found, just as our friend says of this Arizona
bee-plant, that it very often failed to give any honey at
all. I drew the conclusion, — and I see no reason now to
change the verdict, — that special planting for bees is not a
practical proposition. Often the results will be nothing,
and thus the balance will be on the loss side of the ledger.

We may well plant sweet clover and the mints by the
roadside and in waste-places; we may well plant lindens,
tulip trees, etc., along the highways (eucalypts or acacias,
if in the arid regions) ; we are wise to encourage farmers in
sowing alfalfa, alsike, buckwheat, etc.; but I do not believe
it will ever pay to use good land to produce plants that
are only valuable for honey.

Were I to locate an apiary, I should like, if possible,
to be close by large orchards, to have the early stimulative
efifects of orchard bloom. For like reasons I should like
to have abundant soft maples in the East, and many buck-
thorns in California. Above all, I should wish hard by
the basswoods and white clover in the East, and sages
and wild buckwheat in the West. Berlin, Germany.

Economy of Wintering Bees in the Cellar

BY C. P. DADANT.

I FIND the following from the pen of Dr. Miller, in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture :
"C. P. Dadant says in the American Bee Journal that 8
or 10 pounds is a fair estimate of the honey consumed by a
colony wintered in the cellar, and nearly double that by a
colony on the summer stand in a cold winter. According to
that, for the labor of carrying in and out one would get about
8 pounds of honey for each colony. Good pay. At the same
time, I'd be glad to feel sure that the cellared colony is just
as well off in all respects."

This item has called my attention to the fact that I have
perhaps not explained my meaning sufficiently. I did not
mean to say that the amount stated would carry a colony from
crop to crop, but only through the real winter — the time when
bees are kept in the cellar. My experience has been that the
colony wintered out-of-doors has in the meantime produced a
larger quantity of brood than the colony wintered in the
cellar; that when the cellared colony is taken out, it has to
get accustomed to the changed conditions and has to begin
to breed, and that it. in the end, spends a goodly portion of
the savings in catching up with the other, wintered out-of-
doors.

I have often heard Canadian bee-keepers say that their
bees breed in the cellar, at the end of winter, but I have seen
very little of this in our latitude. Different conditions cause
different results. We do not leave our bees so long in the
cellar here, as they do at the North. We cannot, for as soon
as the warm days come the difficulty arises of keeping them
quiet. That is why we have ceased wintering bees in the
cellar, although there is occasionally a season when we would
be glad to liavc them indoors.

Dec. 21. 1V( S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

881

But \vc are unable to foresee cold winters. Many a man
lias tried to predict the future weather. Many a man has said
that the bees, the animals, the corn, even, prepared for a cold
winter when it was coming. I believe this is all a mistake.
Neither the insects nor the plants know more about the future
than we do, except that through years or centuries of natural
selection, those succeeded best and surs'ived that bent them-
■selves to the changes of seasons.

Some farmers say that the corn has a heavier husk when
a hard winter is coming. I wondered how this could be, until
one season I was told by two different farmers of great expe-
rience that the winter would be hard, and that it would be
mild, for the one said, "The corn husks are heavy," and the
other said, "The corn husks are light."

I can see very plainly that Dr. Miller understands the
situation in regard to cellar-wintering fully as well as I do,
for the last remark he makes, "I'd be glad to feel sure that
the cellared colony is just as well off in all respects," indicates
that he realizes the difference in conditions at the time when
the hive is taken out of the cellar. If I were as far North
as Dr. Miller, I believe that I would winter my bees in the
cellar every winter. One winter or even a half-dozen winters
are not sufficient to decide the question. But for years we
tried cellar-wintering side by side with outdoor wintering,
placing sometimes an entire apiary, sometimes only a portion
of it, in the cellar prepared purposely for them, while other
apiaries remained entirely out-of-doors.

After all these trials I have come to the conclusion that
it is as well to risk outdoor wintering in this latitude. But
•with small hives, or weak colonies, short in stores, and a
good cellar in easy reach of the apiary, I would still recom-
mend cellar-wintering. A little south of us, or below the
40th degree, I believe cellar-wintering should be discounte-
nanced, while north of this latitude it is probably more profit-
able to winter the bees in the cellar.

I wish, in closing, to thank Dr. Miller for the remarks
made, as these have called my attention to the possible mis-
understanding I caused. If there is a bee-keeper whose
opinion I value above all others, it is Dr. Miller, for he has a
very extensive practical experience, and never advances a
thing unless he is sure of it. He never jumps at conclusions,
and never supports that which he has not proven correct.

Hamilton, 111.

Best Bee-Hive— Something About It

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

A SUBSCRIBER to the American Bee Journal writes:
"Will you describe the best bee-hive, and tell us some-
thing about it, as I wish to make some hives the coming
winter."

This is a hard question to answer, for nearly every person
keeping bees believes he or she has the best bee-hive in ex-
istence, and when I say that the number of different bee-hives
in use reaches into the scores, if not into the hundreds, it
will be seen how difficult it would be to do as requested.

Probably the hive most in use (unless, perchance, it is
the bo.x-hive) is what is termed the "Langstroth." Then next
in order comes the Gallup, Quinby, Danzenbaker, Hoffman,
Simplicity, Heddon, American, etc., nearly all of which are
only a modification of the Langstroth to suit the different
notions of different persons using them and putting them be-
fore the public, for th- re is scarcely a frame hive today but
what embodies more or less of the Langstroth principles,
especially as to bee-space and the frame principle.

With the progressive bee-keeper the box-hive is a thing
of the past, although there are a few using them which do
quite a good business with them, by having the combs built
to slats along the top of the hive, with a movable top-board
so that the surplus boxes or sections can be set right over
the combs. With the farmer bee-keeper — one who never
thinks of handling the frames or even looking inside of the
hive— a box-hive so arranged would probably be as good
for him as the best frame hive ever made. But such a one
could not be considered a progressive bee-keeper.

Excluding, then, the box-hive, we have a simple box
arranged for bee-spaces and containing frames as the best
hive, letting him or her who uses it make said box and frames
of any dimensions which they may choose.

As "my notions," away back in the early seventies, led
me to prefer the Gallup form of the Langstroth frame, I will
briefly describe how this hive is made, so that anyone can
make it. or a modification of it, as he pleases.

Get lumber 12 inches wide and Vs of an inch thick, planed

on one side (or both, as you please), and saw it into lengths
so that when nailed you will have a box without top or
bottom 12 inches deep, 12 wide, and 18 inches long, inside
measure. Before nailing, on the upper inside edge of the two
long boards rabbet out a space J/i inch deep by -ys back, for
the frames to rest on, and on the bottom edge of one of
them cut out a piece 12 inches long by % deep, for an entrance.
A plain board of the right size, with two pieces of 2.x4
stuff nailed on the under side near two edges of it, running
crosswise of the grain, constitutes the bottom-board or stand
for the hive. If it is preferred, the hive itself can be made
without the entrance cut in it as above; and, if so, then cut
out strips from the Vs stuff H thick, and after cutting them
the right length, nail them to three sides of the upper side
of the bottom-board, when the fourth side, not having one of
these strips nailed to it, will constitute the entrance, which
can be contracted to any desired dimensions by using entrance-
blocks, giving an entrance of Vs by 4 inches for winter and
ea^ly spring, up to the whole width of the hive for summer.

The frames are made of stuff sawed 14-inch thick from
an inch board, and cut to the right length so that when nailed
together the outside of the frame will be 11^x11'.^ inches
square. The top-bar to the frame is to be long enough to
project ^ of an inch at each end, so as to hang on the rabbet
prepared in the upper part of the side boards of the hive for
them. Hang the frames in the hive so 12 of them till it, and
the proper bee-spaces will be given, according to my views,
as I prefer a space VA inches from center to center of the
frames, having tested the matter for years.

Make the surplus part of it to suit your notion, with or
without a honey-board, and with or without a cap or hood.
If you use a cap or hood, then the cover can be a board of
the right size to cover the top, or the same can be of enameled
cloth, quilt, canvas, oi- anything you may choose, with the cap
or hood filled with leaves, chaff or sawdust above the cover
for wintering. Where no cap or hood is used, then a cleated
board, water-proofed in some way, should be used as a cover,
the same being a cover for the hive and the surplus arrange-
ment, as well, when that is on. ....

In the above we have the best bee-hive prmciple m ex-
istence and one which can be made in any conceivable shape
to suit the desires of the most fastidious, and yet the word
"Langstroth" suggests all there is of it, and carries the minds
of all who delight to honor the Father of Modern Apiculture
back to the time when this noble man (who passed to his
heavenly home a few years ago), spent hours, days and years
of toil and study in inventing this principle, that we, his
apicultural children, might profit and enjoy that which he
wrought out for us. ,

At the out-apiarv I use the regular Langstroth frame, and
10 of these to the hive. Where an apiary is worked on the
••shook-swarming" plan, a large hive seems to give the best
results • and an out-apiary cannot well allow natural swarm-
jj^„ Borodino, N. 1.

• ' ^

Contention
Proceebings

^

Report of the Texas Convention

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, BEC.

(Continued from page 865)

Mr Aten, in behalf of the bee-keepers, asked for a
statement concerning the work of the experimental apiary.

Mr. Scholl went over the ground since the establisn-
ment of the apiary, and what had been done • He also
gave an outline of the experiments contemplated, together
with other work now under way, and some of the problems
that are to be solved, as follows:

Does Alfalfa Produce Hcney in Texas With or Without
Irrig.\tion?

With the advent of irrigation in the arid regions, will
Texas ever be classed with the Western States that pro-
duce enormous amounts of alfalfa honey annually.

It is the general belief that alfalfa is a good honey-
producing plant, but no satisfactory data to that effect in
Texas has been obtained. Investigations of this subject

882

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

therefore would be highly valuable. If, as irrigation and
the growing of alfalfa advances, the honey-yield is rela-
tively increased, many localities for the location of new
apiaries will be opened, and it will mean thousands of
dollars to this State.

Am.-junt of Honey to Make a Pound of Wax.

To determine definitely the amount of honey con-
sumed by bees in making 1 pound of wax.

It is claimed by some apiarists that from 12 to 24
pounds of honey are required to produce one pound of wax.
Others claim this to be too high, and give 7 to 8 pounds
of honey to one of wa.x.

Swarming.

Careful study and experiments with proposed methods
■ f°"*r°"'"S ^"d preventing swarming. In connection
with this, manipulations of the brood-nest and combs to
stimulate additional brood-rearing and added surplus pro-
duction.

If this can be overcome in the College apiary it should
be possible to produce a fair crop of surplus honey an-
nually in an average season with 20 colonies, a greater
number exceeding the supply of the locality.

Length of Life of Different Races of Bees,

A test of different races of bees to determine the com-
parative length of life of the individual bees in these
different races: Holy Lands, Goldens, Three-banded
Italians, Cyprians, Carniolans, and Blacks.

Get all colonies ready and of the same strength, and
dequeen and introduce a queen of a different race and
color. Subtract the days between dequeening and re-
queening.

Race of Bees for Texas.

Race of bees adapted to the varying conditions in
different parts of Texas. -

Queens of selected races to be reared at the College
and distributed among experienced apiarists in different
parts of the State, who will take careful note of observa-
tions and report to the Department. A reasonable amount
ot cost IS to be charged for such queens, in half-dozen lots
which will contribute to the income of the apiary and vield
results at the same time.

Queen-Rearing.

, Experiments in queen-rearing. 1st. To determine the
quickest and best methods of rearing good queens; and 2d
an attempt to determine method of controlling the mating
ot queens, or mating in confinement.

Would naturally come under No. 6, in rearing the
selected queens and getting them purely mated.

Diseases of Bees.

Investigation of foul brood, black brood, pickled
brood, and bee-paralysis, to determine needed facts re-
garding the same, as method of infection, resistance of
germs and spores, etc.; method of treatment in eradica-
tion, fumigation, etc.

Not practical without a well-equipped bacteriological
laboratory, but which can easily be established with ma-
terial already in the Department.

Distance Bees Range.

How far may bees travel to gather honey pr^ifitably'
How far should bees range to secure the maximum amount
ot honey (with most profit) from a given territory"^

A valuable factor in locating apiaries, as on the Brazos
river, to determine whether bees can be profitably located
on high bank on the College side of the river in compari-
son with those located on low land nearer the honev-
producing territory which is subject to overflows.

Honey-Plants of Texas.

A study of the honey-plants of Texas and of the terri-
tory surrounding College Station.

(a) Card cataloging above' honey-plants as alreadv
under way. ^

(b) Listing distributions of honey-plants of the State
on area maps of Texas.

(c) Making a complete herbarium collection of Texas
hciney-plants.

(d) Making a complete card catalog according to their
blooming periods, with the length of blooming periods
importance of honey or pollen, and their distribution.

Hive Temperatures.

Testing various styles of hive-covers to determine
their resistance to heat, by the use of thermometers,
making close observations during the hot season.

Ascertaining the difference in temperature existing in
hives placed in direct heat of the sun, with and without
shade-boards, compared with several in the shade.

For Future Experiments.

Experiments that might be taken up later, but neces-
sitating a location of better honey-production than is
possible at College, could be made possible by having
established an out apiary in the Brazos river bottom,
about 10 miles from College. Valuable data on the fol-
lowing could be obtained by locating such a yard.

(a) Establishing outyards; the selection of the loca-
tion; best arrangement to make with the land-owner in
regard to permit to locate, rent, and hiving of swarms.

(b) Best method of moving bees to outyard; placing
and arrangement of hives.

(c) Management of outyards, with a view toward the
largest amount of profit with the least amount of time of
labor and expense.

(d) Best race of bees for outyards; the best for the
largest yield of honey; a comparison of different races for
such.

(e) Hives. Best for honey-production; best for
manipulation to prevent swarming.

(f) Prevention of swarming, to increase the yield of
honey and profits, to decrease amount of labor and ex-
pense; and to prevent loss of swarms where no person is
present to care for them. This can be accomplished to a
great extent by the right method of management with the
right kind of hive, and the right kind of race of bees.

There are also other matters under consideration for
experiment, and these will be taken up as time permits.
The above is simply an outline that was written out some
time ago, and it may be changed from time to time, as best
suits the time and the favorableness of the seasons.

Lnuis H. SCHOLL.

It was moved and seconded that a vote of thanks be
extended to Mr. Scholl for his kindness and generosity
towards the bee-keepers.

Mr. White thought that the Texas Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation should give Mr, Scholl such help and encourage-
ment as would enable him to carry out the work at the
College apiary. Much good could be done if the bee-
keepers put all heads together, and he believed that the
bee-keepers ought to help him.

Mr, Aten moved that a committee be appointed to
consult with the proper persons in regard to having experi-
mental work done at the experimental apiary, and concern-
ing other matters pertaining to the apiary. The motion
was seconded and the following committee was appointed:
F. L. Aten, W. O. Victor, C. A. Butts, and W. H. Laws.

J. F. Teel related some experiments with different
kinds of honey-plants that he has conducted. These in-
cluded alfalfa, buckwheat, and clovers of all kinds. Alfalfa
yields some honey during the heat of the day, buckwheat
yields until 9 or 10 o'clock when dewy mornings prevail,
but few of the clovers, however, amount to anything with
him.

Election of Officers and Members' Reports.

The election of officers for the next term resulted as
follows, each one being unanimously elected, the secretary-
treasurer of the Association being re-elected for the eighth
time: President, F. L. Aten of Round Rock; vice-presi-
dent, Willie Atchley of Beeville; and secretary-treasurer,
Louis H. Scholl of College Station.

On account of lack of time the minutes of the last
meeting were not read, and a committee was therefore
appointed to inspect and report upon the books of the
secretary-treasurer at the next meeting. This committee
consists of Willie Atchley, C. A. Butts, and J. F. Teel.

The total number of colonies represented by the mem-
bers present who reported to the secretary was 7,SS0
colonies. The Texas honey crop thus far was short, but
prospects were good in most localities, while not so good
in others

The members reporting, the number of colonies, the
amount of honey obtained to date, and prospects at pres-
ent, are as follows:

F. L. Aten of Round Rock — 200 colonies. Bees in fine

Dec. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

883

condition. Finest How on he ever saw. Bees do not
notice loose honey left in the yard.

J. M. Hagood of Enloe— 80 colonies. Gloomy pros-
pects. Bees weak. Cotton poor, but may have flow yet.
Has had flow as late as October.

J. VV. Traylor of Enloe— 80. Gloomy prospects. Too
much rain.

T. K. Ray of Indian Gap— 50. Bees in 3 places, 1, 3
and 7 miles from home. Took less than 100 sections.
Prospects better, as cotton is coming in.

T. P. Robinson of Bartlett— 180. Two yards. Hives
6 feet apart. Some nuclei. Excellent honey-flow.

Miss Meta Hillje of Alvin — 4. Flow just commenced,
and favorable.

W. C. Lanford of Whittville— 30. Have done no good.
Prospects better. Cotton blooming. Has several kinds of
bees.

Willie- Atchley of Beeville— 1,100. Poor flow and poor
prospects.

Ruber Laws of Beeville — 12. 250 povmds of honey.
Prospects poor.

Louis H. Scholl of College Station— 240. Five apiaries
in different parts of the State. Too wet in early spring,
and too dry later. Everything burned up. Then floods in
Brazos bottoms. Poor prospects, but a good flow from
cotton now.

J. F. Teel of Van Alstyne- 175.

J. B. Salyer of Jonah— 150.

Z. S. Weaver of Courtney — 275.

G. W. Cantrall of Uvalde— 130.

W. H. Laws of Beeville — 1,400. 900 colonies private,
and 500 in partnership. Honey season past. Too much
rain. Poorest season in years.

W. H. Madely of Rogers— 200. 1,900 pounds of ex-
tracted and 600 pounds of comb honey taken. 3,000 pounds
on hives. Still storing honey from cotton.

E. Blechschmidt of Knippa — 120. Ten 120-pound cases
of comb honey taken. Splendid prospects.

W. A. Breeding of Beeville — 100. Bees in very good
condition, and some honey on hives.

D. C. Milam of Uvalde— 600. 24,000 pounds of honey.
One-third extracted, the rest comb honey. Prospects good
for fall flow.

W. C. Conrads of New Braunfels — 85. 40 pounds
average per colony. Prospects poor for the fall.

W. H. Sessions of Rice — 12.

Udo Toepperwein of San Antonio — 800. All in good
shape, but not much honey. 9,000 pounds. Very good
prospects.

W. O. Victor of Hondo — 100. Sixty 120-pound cases of-
honey. 400 queen-rearing nuclei. Prospects uncertain.

Sam Madely of Navasota — 110. One barrel of ex-
tracted and 350 pounds of comb honey taken; more to
take. Prospects very good.

C. A. Butts of Normanna — 350. 3,000 pounds of honey.
No prospects.

J. W. Holland of Rice— 12.

H. D. Simmons of Hutto — 160. 60 pounds per colony.
Good prospects with cotton and other yielders.

R. V. Sauer of Brackettville— 110. 2,000 pounds of
honey. Good prospects.

W. H. White of Blossom — 60. Prospects gloomy.
Too much rain.

Hugo Sattler of New Braunfels — 95. 40 pounds of
extracted honey on an average. Very good prospects.

J. W. Pharr of Berclair — 60. No prospects. Bees in
good condition.

M. P. Hill of Berclair— 70. 1,300 pounds of honey— 100
sections. No prospects.

L. W. Bell of Beeville— 500. Very good prospects.
Louis H. Schoi.l, Secreta>y-

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a le-pag-e honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food ", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp ; SO
copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25 : 250 for $2.25 ; 500 for $4.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal.

=\

Clftcrtpougt?t5

=j

The " Old Reliable" as seen through New and Unreliable GlaeBCS.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Tanging of Bees at Swarming-Timb.

We should let up now on Prof. Bigelow as to the tang-
ing question. He's all right now, whatever he may have
felt about it at one time. He expressly disclaims advocat-
ing the old practice— and is not that abundantly sufficien^?
There is plenty of room for the like of Prof. Bigelow. We
should joyfully make room for more of them if we could get
them— men that care almost nothing for crops of honey,
but are boiling over with interest to find out what are the
absolute facts in regard to that lovable, hate-able, wonder-
ful, biology-explaining, paradoxical, wise, fooling, tanta-
lizing creature — the Honey-Bee.

After all, our main spite against tanging is that it has
become a sort of badge to distinguish between those who
know something about bees and those who don't know a
thing yet as they ought to know. Tanging is felt to be
like shouting with a megaphone. We are all fools at this
ranch. But of course the pure scientist would like scien-
tifically to know whether an unearthly racket does have any
power to confuse bees, and make them yield to man's wishes
when they otherwise would not. I confess I am not able to
tell him. I incline to think the affirmative is true to a cer-
tain very small extent. It's certain the influence is not
great— not nearly enough to pay the keeper of a big apiary
in swarming-time for spending intensely valuable time at
beating a pan. Popular faith in it largely owing to the
fact that time seems shorter when we are skipping around
doing something jolly than it does when we are just doing
nothing, and waiting in a distressed tension of mind. There
seems to be no way to settle it scientifically except to ob-
serve and record concerning thousands of swarms with
tanging and thousands of swarms without, and then figure
out the shaving of difference. Such a process reminds one
of the process by which astronomers prove toward what
point in space the sun is moving. That's important— and
our question here is so unimportant that so far no compe-
tent person has felt like spending the enormous amount of
time required. Page 790.

Heading Off Swarming in Idaho.

So a brother in Idaho, whose name we know not, runs
bees on extra-large frames, and 13 of them in a nive, hop-
ing to head off swarming ; but still they will swarm some-
times. Make a note of it. One suspects that the wording
has got wrong somehow where Mr. Atwater says he pro-
duces comb honey in Sframe hives kept one-story at all
times. Page 791.

Natural Conditions in the Fall.

Thanks to C. P. Dadant for his defense of natural con-
ditions in fall in preference to having all combs completely
solid with honey. .

Too young bees eat themselves into diarrhea on a long-
trip, eh ? That is quite comprehensible. Thanks. Page 791.

Two Queens in a Hive— Hiving High Swarms.

The evidence given by A. F. Foote, that a big double
swarm kept both their queens for 20 days is rather opinion
than evidence, as 20 days is plenty of time to rear a young
queen. With my bees such swarms are pretty apt to kill
all their queens. Even when they go to work and store
honey like everything they turn up queenless in the end.

And Mr. F. suspects that when conditions are such that
sections are not joined to the bottom-bar bees would some-
times bob them off in the same way (as nearly as possible)^
with a bottom starter there all right. I think he is correct
in that— that is, for some of the sections, not for as many
as otherwise would be finished with a bee-space clear across
the bottom. And the Foote improvement of the swarm-
taking box and pole is noteworthy. Fix the pole to be
stationary, and run the box up and down by a cord and
pulley. Good— if you succeed at all with that style of
doings. Some brethren (of which I am one) vote the whole

884

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

scheme a failure and a nuisance. Who wants to waste time
hiving Zi. part of a swartnf Bees so fanatically attached to
their chosen spot that a large fraction of them refuse to be
wheeled away from it. Page 791.

White Association Members in Texas.

So the Texas B.K. Association thinks it worth while to
ordain that members must be white persons. Wonder if
they ever suffered, or were in danger of suffering, from per-
sons not white getting too thick. Page 792.

Miss Wilson and Butter-Making.

And Miss Wilson tried if she could make a little dab of
cream come butter by agitating it in an icecream freezer.
Enterprising. And we care enough about our department
conductors to like to get side views of their personality.
Many big churns in common use (those depending mainly
upon the gravity of the cream to do the agitating) strike me
as sadly and needlessly helpless when cream takes a notion
to say, " I won"'t !" as it often does. " Any old thing " of
a churn is tip top when cream in dutiful mood says, " I
will." Page 795.

Conducted by Morlet Pbttit, Villa Nova, Ont.

Be Prepared for Next Bee-Season-

It is a common misconception among those outside the
profession that bee-keepers have nothing to do through the
winter months. Even many bee-men themselves look for-
ward to the time when the bees are winter-packed, with the
idea of being free from all care with regard to them. A
summer occupation it is to them. Well, there is something
in it. Bees do not require to be fed night and morning, and
tended like other stock on the farm, but they need attention,
nevertheless.

In the cellar the ventilation requires a certain amount
of attention to regulate for changes of temperature. The
dead bees require to be cleaned from the hive-entrances,
and the floor swept up occasionally. Outside, snow must be
cleared from the entrances, and, if possible, covers re-
moved on bright, sunny days to let the packing dry out.
All, of course, with as little disturbance to the bees as
possible.

But this is a small part of the work. The man who
would make the most of the short summer season will make
all possible preparations before that time comes. There
are certain supplies required to be got ready each year, and
they should be provided for as soon as possible after the
close of the honey-flow. At that time all is fresh in the
mind, and it is much easier to decide on what is required
than it will be later. The apiarist knows best then how
much of his time the bees have taken, and can form the
best idea of how much increase, if any, he desires to make
the following season. He can make out his list of require-
ments— hives to accommodate the required increase ; extra
supers, if needed (every hive should be allowed at least two
supers) ; frames, sections, foundation, etc.

Increase can be made most profitably by nuclei and
ripe cells or queens. At the present price of queens I would
advise the specialist honey-producer to patronize the spe-
cialist queen-breeder. Of course, there is always some risk
of their being damaged in the mail, and on this account,
largely, we use good, ripe cells in forming nuclei whenever
they turn up in the course of our examinations for swarm-
ing impulse ; but we flnd very little time, indeed, for queen-
rearing. Queens ordered in quantities can gerferally be
secured at reduced rates, and they should be ordered now, to
insure their delivery when wanted. The order should be so
arranged that a few will come each week, on a certain day
of the week, during the swarming season.

Objection is made to investing money in supplies which
may not be needed this year. This can not be avoided with-
out running the much more grave risk of seeing the hives
overcrowded with honey, the bees idle and swarming, and
no supplies ready. We always make it a point to be ready

for the worst — I should say, the best. Figure on "wintering
all the bees we have put into winter quarters, and securing
the highest average yield of honey we have ever had. Then
buy supplies accordingly.

There are always some cans and barrels left over at the
end of the season, but they are good stock for another year.
Plenty of storage is the great essential. As far as possible
let this storage be the packages in which the honey is to be
sold. Don't count on keeping honey in milk-cans and
crocks, to be laboriously dug out and melted up before sell-
ing. Arrange to run the honey directly from the extractor
through a strainer into the package in which it is to be sold.

Another point in preparedness, which very many bee-
keepers are prone to neglect, is in the matter of reading.
The bee-papers have been coming regularly through the
busy season, hastily glanced over, aud laid away, with a
promise to read them more carefully in winter. It is winter
now. What about those bee papers ?

I knew a farmer once who was a great student. He
read early aud late on science, history, philosophy, until he
came to be considered an oracle by his neighbors, and to
the outside world a recognized authority on many subjects
outside oi farming. I would rather be well versed in the
line of business from which comes my daily bread.

Possibility of Dark Honey or Sugar Syrup in
the Brood-Ciiamber Going- into Sections

"York County Bee-Keeper" hits the nail fairly on
the head in the following, taken from the Canadian Bee
Journal :

"At present quite a controversy is going on over the
line relative to the practice of feeding sugar syrup. Mr.
Boardman practices feeding just previous to the clover-flow,
so that the brood-chamber will be full and all clover honey
go into the supers. In a late issue in the American Bee
Journal, Editor York advises bee-keepers to make their
hives heavy for winter by leaving plenty of sealed combs
of dark honey, arguing that the dark honey thus placed will
really be equal next season, pound for pound, with light
honey.

"Commenting on this. Editor Hutchinson, in the Re-
view, asks bee-keepers to see how much of this dark honey
will go into the sections, intimating, of course, that there
is not much likelihood of dark honey, or sugar syrup either,
going into the supers. Seems to me Mr. Hutchinson is
treading on dangerous ground, for surely any practical api-
arist knows that if a brood-chamber is full of any kind of
honey or syrup (provided the colony has a prolific queen and
swarming does not take place), quite a large percentage of
this honey or syrup will find its way into the surplus apart-
ments. This is something that any one can test for himself,
and if the novice has colonies to go into the clover-flow with
the brood-chamber full of buckwheat honey, he may decide
that while experience, if a' good teacher, it is sometimes a
little expensive."

Bees and Alsike Clover

The Hon. Nelson Monteith, Minister of Agriculture, is
a bee- keeper. Being a fruit-grower, and seeing the impor-
tance of bees to fruit, he became a bee-enthusiast on
that account. As to their importance to alsike and buck-
wheat, the evidence keeps piling up. A few years ago a
man came 4 miles to me to have me put bees on his farm for
his alsike. He gave a free house for extracting, and board
for the men while working at the bees. In the fall he had
a good crop of alsike seed, and we had a good crop of honey.

Mr. J. L. Byer, in the Farmers' Advocate, gives his ex-
perience thus :

"In addition to growing quite an acreage of alsike
clover each year ourselves, we also handle considerable seed
for a well-known Toronto firm. Coupling this with our in-
terest in the business from a bee-keeper's view, I suppose
there is no exaggeration when I say that we practically
know the acreage and individual yields of the different
fields of clover within a radius of 3 miles of us each year.
In seasons that the acreage is limited, there does not appear
to be so much difference in yields, as far as distance from
the apiaries is concerned ; accounted for, no doubt, by the
fact that when pasture is scarce the bees forage over a much
greater extent of territory in search of nectar. On the other
hand, in seasons when there is a large acreage, the yields

Dec. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

885

invariably decrease, after a distance of a mile or more is
reached.

"While yields of 7 and 8 bushels to the acre are not
uncommon in fields near the bees, we have yet to hear of
such turnouts of clover any considerable distance from the
apiaries. For 7 years our clover has yielded from 6 to 9
bushels to the acre ; our nearest neighbors have done about
the same. Others living 1 '2 miles and more from any bees,
have had in the same years from 2 to 5 bushels to the acre.
As the soil is practically the same in both cases, same
methods of culture practiced, etc., I am at a loss to explain
the difference, if the bees are left out of the question. These
statements will be vouched for by nine out of every ten
farmers growing alsike. In fact, I could name men who 10
years ago would laugh at the idea of the bee as something
necessary in alsike-growing, who to-day are the most anx-
ious to have bees near their clover-fields. One in particular
comes to my mind, who, 2 years ago, offered to haul an api-
ary from 15 miles away to his place, so that he could have
the benefit of them when his clover was in bloom.

" Just a short time ago, while in conversation with that
well-known agriculturist, Mr. Simpson Rennie, of Toronto,
I remarked that the beet-sugar industry would not prove
very tempting to the farmers who are growing alsike. He
said, ' We can't all grow alsike; we haven't got the bees.'
He was very emphatic about the matter, and stated that
neighbors of his had tried again and again to grow alsike
for seed, and had always failed. In the section referred to
there are probably not half a dozen colonies of bees in the
neighborhood. Surely, the testimony of such men should
bear some weight.

" Last, but not least, the opinion of the large seed firms
should be considered. As they annually handle thousands
of bushels of the seed, they should know what they are talk-
ing about. I think, without exception, they will say they
get the most seed, and of the best quality, from growers
who are in close proximity to bees."

(Dxxv'Siskv

J

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Hearty Holiday Greeting-

to all and singular of the cherished sisterhood. May your
Christmas turkey be just the right shade of brown, and may
your pies not run over in the oven. May your bees winter
successfully, and may you have a good time expecting a big
crop of honey next year — whether it comes or not.

To the many who have helped during the past year, by
their contributions and by their kind words of encourage-
ment, sincere thanks are due, and are hereby given. Closely
coupled with the feeling of thankfulness for the favors of
the past is the Oliver Twist feeling of a desire for " more."
Perhaps the most interesting hour of the day, "in this
locality," is about 9 o'clock in the morning, at which hour
the rural delivery man comes along, and when the day's
budget is brought into the house the first question always
asked by a certain person is, " Anything for me from the
sisters ?" If any of the sisters are at all solictous for the
happiness of that " certain person," they can make sure to
increase it by letting her hear from them often.

Don't wait for .-some great thing to tell ; tell us about
the little things. Tell us of your successes, and, equally,
tell us of your failures. If ycu haven't a pen handy, use a
pencil. Never mind if you don't know just where to put the
commas and other marks — they're good at that sort of thing
in Chicago.

Postals and postscripts permitted.

Success to all of you. Emma M. Wilson.

For Our Consolation and Encourag-ement

Dbar Miss Wilson :— I send a short poem written by
a dear friend of mine, whose life is a living epistle of the
love of Christ. She signs herself " Sister Ruth." (Not her
real name.) It seems to me that some of us bee-keepers
may be consoled by reading this poem. So many of us fail

of the prosperity and success we had worked and hoped for.
As I see in the American Bee Journal, from time to time,
poems on other subjects than beekeeping, I would be
pleased if you would have this poem published in the Sis-
ters' corner. Sarah E. Wiley.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Blessed are Ye That Pail

Sometimes I've wished we might these words enroll

Upon the pages of God's Holy Book,
Then, kneeling down by each discouraged soul,

Could simply point to them and whisper, '' Look!
• Blessed are ye that fail.' "

For none fail unless they first have striven ;

'Tis he who toils all night, and naught doth take.
Whose heart with dark despair is keenly riven ;

And so I wish 'twas written for his sake —
" Blessed are ye that fail."

Is it not written? Not these words we find,
But surely in God's Book we read the thought —

He treasures up the motives of the mind,
And blesses as the will within us wrought,
Tho' outwardly we fall.

Christ came to heal our brokenheartedness;

And who so sore as he who toils in vain >
Whose best endeavors seldom meet success,

E'en tho' he try, and try, and try again?
Then blessed ye that fail.

Aye, blessed, for the very striving leads

The zealous soul into the realm of loss,
Made holy by the One whose loving deeds

Seemed to have ended on the cruel cross.
Aye, blessed ye that fail !

God is too wise to let us oft succeed,
For then we would not keep our lowly place,

And so He lets us feel our constant need
Of His supplies of patience and of grace-
Thus blessing those who fail.

Then, weary one, look not upon the main,

And mourn the wreck of all your toil and care;
If yet upon some broken piece you gain
The haven safely, and are welcomed there,
Blessed are ye that fail.

Sister Roth.

Bee-Keeping' and Other Tliing-s at " Clovernook"

Dbar Bee-Kkkping Sisters:— So our good Chieftain-
ess thinks you will be interested in hearing some more
about " Clovernook," in addition to the clipping she printed
recently from that fine magazine, Suburban Life.

Well, we began business with some SO colonies, and a
fine outfit for extracted honey, and a nice, large, roomy bee-
house, all of which was on
the place, and later on we
bought from the proceeds of
our honey.

At first the colonies
dwindled to 31, but by expe-
rience (rapidly acquired in a
fiery furnace of stings and
disappointments) I promptly
and speedily ran them up to
80 colonies, the present limit
of our pasturage, and we
work each year to keep the
apiary at about that average.
I have always believed our
bees were the very backbone
and sinew whereby Clover-
nook has succeeded in build-
ing up a lucrative plant, even
i/ through many difiBculties.
And I must confess that after having had considerable ex-
perience in ducks, chickens, turkeys and squabs, besides
fruit-raising, during the 10 years' work here, surely bees
are away and ahead my most satisfactory branch, from
every standpoint but one.

886

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

I can't make a living from my 80 home colonies, and I
can't add out-lying yards to the plant, for there is no way
of visiting them. I'm afraid of breaking my neck in learn-
ing to use a bicycle, though in days of yore how I used to
ride horses, and skate and dance 1 During those times a
broken neck never bothered me ; but when one knows what
it would mean to a little, aged mother, I tell you it makes a
difference.

I've had three horses — two were ruined, and one I sold
to keep her from being ruined, and when she went a vow
was mentally registered that Clovernook would never shel-
ter another till time evolved for us as something masculine
in hired help that was reliable. SuflSce to say this rara avis
is still "on the wing ;" he surely has not yet settled down
on Clovernook.

Such being the state of affairs with us, something else
had to be added to bees if we were to live independently,
and "tuck away " some odd pennies in the " Emergency
Stocking." And so, after a brief, exciting, hard trial of
" chickens and squabs for broilers," we've settled down now
in peace to my bees and duck-raising — with, as a side-issue,
about 100 White Wyandotte hens and 8 White Holland tur-
keys for eggs and breeding stock ; though, to be sure, there
are a few other odds and ends by which we pick up a few
extra pennies. For instance, our apples brought us this
fall $36 in cash, besides having all we could use ; from our
currant patch we cleared on the jelly about SIOO. Of course,
we have lovely down from the ducks, netting us about $100
per season, and the guano that brings SI per load. And
from the bees, the vinegar and beeswax.

I hope I have demonstrated clearly that it was not by
preference that I resigned confining myself strictly to bee-
keeping, and why forced by circumstances into the very
much more complex paths of poultry-raising. I will, how-
ever, in defense of the last, say this : Besides our living
expenses and lots spent in general repairs and improve-
ments, there is invested in houses, incubators, brooders,
and other poultry appliances, some $2000, all of which we
have raised right here, ourselves. Also, that today, with
two good helpers, Clovernook can yield us annually between
$2000 and $4000. We are now equipped for it, and can do it.

Realizing my own limitations, and that there must be
others scattered through our land who suffer from similar
restrictions, is the reason why I urge that for those, bee-
keeping in connection with another rural occupation, may
work very successfully in the production of a fair income
and independent livelihood.

The little cut at the head of this shows my bee-house,
with a lovely good friend and brother standing in the door-
way, and my man "Pete," with his 'barrow and tin
carrier filled with combs, starting for the bee-yard. That
white splotch between the hives is a flock of my ducks.
They refused to " spread out " and have their pictures taken
nice, but just " bunched up together" and made themselves
disagreeable. " F. E. W.," yours truly, stands at one side
equipped for business, with straw hat, bee-veil, big apron,
and bee-smoker.

Some time you shall have a picture of my dear ducks, a
good one, if it will be allowed in a bee-paper, and I will
describe our indoor rigging of the bee-house ; but guess
you have had enough of Clovernook for this time.

Clinton Co., N. Y. Frances E. Wheeler.

'^

Doctor ITIiUcr's
Question -- Box

J

Send questions either to the olHce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does nol answer Questions by mail.

Bees Dying Seemingly Without Cause

IV

I went to one of my out-yards of 303 colonies the last
week of October, and all were in fine condition, with lots of
old stores, and the woods all turning white with aguinaldo
and various other good honey-producing flowers. So I
pitched in, and in a few days I put on 185 supers ; then my
business called me in other apiaries, and it was 4 days be-
fore I went back to put on some more supers, and to my
surprise I found the bees carrying out other bees and kill-

ing them after getting them out. So I thought I would
wait and see how this would turn out. Three days later I
went back and found the whole apiary still at the killing,
and dead bees from % inch to 2 inches deep in front of the
long rows of hives, and the bees that remained alive seemed
so scarce in November that they have suspended business
in the way of storing honey. Some of these same hives
had lots of bees hanging out in front and at the bottom
when this trouble began, and now I can't see one pass out
or in oftener than one or two a minute. It can't be on ac-
count of hunger, for they are all quite heavy, and with lots
of good, healthy brood, which I fear may get chilled if we
should have a cool night.

In my home yard of 225 colonies, only 2}/z miles from
the fatal yard, I never saw bees do better. I also have
another yard of 400 colonies about 6 miles from the fatal
one, and they are doing well, too. Can you point out a
remedy or a preventive if I should have any more of this
kind of trouble ? As I have told you in a previous letter, I
have handled bees for many years, and this is a new wrinkle
to me.

Our weather is quite favorable (Nov. 30), and our pros-
pects are flattering for lots of honey this season.

Cdba.

Answer. — I don't know enough to make even a guess
at the cause or cure, so submit the case to " the consti-
tuency," begging that any one able to help out will be kind
enough to do so.

.*-•-»

Late Gathering of Honey and Pollen

About Oct. 1, I found a small swarm of bees on a bush.
I took pity on them and put them in an old hive on 3 empty
frames, and put some old boxfes of honey in the bottom,
then closed the entrance all but a bee-space.

In about a week I looked at them and they were build-
ing comb, and, to help them out, I put in 5 full frames of
capped honey, practically every cell full. I soon discovered
that they were gathering pollen every pleasant day, and
they are still at it, although we have had one snow-storm
and several freezes. The pollen is bright orange in color,
and tastes like the pure stuff.

1. Where do they get it ?

2. Why do they gather it so late, when not another col-
ony in my yard does ?

Last Wednesday (Nov. 22) the bees were coming in
loaded, and working hard. It rained hard all day yester-
day, but it has cleared up again, and I shall watch them
close, and see just how late they will bring it in. They
have brood, eggs, and larva; in all stages. I have a good
cellar all ready for my bees, and shall put them in as soon
as it seems necessary. Bees here have all been breeding so
late that they must be in fine condition for winter, and we
look for good results next year. Our surplus was pretty
light this year. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. More than that, I don't
know where my own bees get pollen so late in the season
that there is no longer anything in bloom that I know of,
but of course something is in bloom, for there's no ques-
tion as to the loads of pollen. I must modify that state-
ment enough to say that I do know of one thing that has not
ceased to bloom from early spring, and is still showing
blooms more or less imperfect in December — dandelion. The
late pollen carried in by the bees, however, doesn't look ex-
actly like dandelion, yet the lateness of the season may
account for a little difference in color.

2. It is not improbable that the combs you gave them
contained no pollen. Your other colonies have a good stock
of pollen on hand, and feel no great need to hustle for more,
but this colony, if it is without pollen, is in a somewhat des-
perate condition, for without pollen no brood can be reared
either fall or spring. Having a fanatic desire for pollen, no
wonder they skirmish around lively for it when other colo-
nies show little care for it.

Making Candy for Winter Feeding

What is the best way to make candy ? I have fed syrup,
but did not get it done until late, and I am afraid the bees
will be short of stores before spring. I winter them in the
cellar. Iowa.

Answer. — You will not be far out of the way if you
make it just as you would make any candy for the children,
only you must be more careful about scorching it, for

L Dec. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

887

although burnt candy doesn't hurt children seriously, it
means death to bees if given for winter stores. For every
3 pounds of sugar take a pint of water. When the water is
boiling hot, sift in the sugar slowly, stirring it as you sift

it in, so it will not burn on the bottom before it is dissolved.
Try it from time to time, and as soon as a little of it dropped
into cold water becomes brittle, take off and pour into
greased dishes, making cakes X to 1 inch thick.

A ■

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mention Bee Journal irhen writing.

Glass Jars for Honey

We can ship by return freight at the
following prices :

i.j-lb. Tip-Top Jars— case of 24 doz., $8.00;
3 cases, $23.00.

%-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5.25; 3 cases for $15.

1-lb. Tiptop Jars — 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for ?14.

Hand.'' Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any;
good as new. If interested write for price.

50 l)oxes good 3nd-hand ogal. Tin Cans, 2
in a bos — 10 boxes for *4 00.

When sending for sample jars include 15
cents each to cover postage, etc.

YORK HONEY "^^^^^^ CO.

(Not incorporatrd)
141 Ontario Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically lude-
Btrnctible, and g^iving- entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb foundation made easily and

?uickly at less than half the cost of bnyiug
rom the dealers. Price of Press, $1.50— cash
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

4SA.tf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

lyj.G. Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he "prefers to pay 125 for a Rietsche Press than
do without it."— A. G.

Christmas Holiday Excursion Rates

via the Nickel Plate Road between
ChicaKO and Buffalo. Dates of sale
Dec. 23, 24, 25, 30 and 31, 1905, and Jan.
1, 1906, at a fare and a third for the
round-trip, with return limit of Jan. 3,
1906. Through train service to New
York City, Boston, and other Eastern
points. No excess fare. Individual
Club Meals served in Nickel Plate din-
ing cars. Three through trains daily
from La Salle and Van Buren St. Sta-
tion. The only depot in Chicago on
the Elevated Loop. 39— 49A3t

40-Pa$e Catalog Free!
Full informatirin regHrdiDK all kinds of BBE>
KKBPERS' SUPPLIES. Best goods. Latest Im-
provements. Danaenbaker Hives and Fixtures.
Promot shipments. John; Nibel & SON Sitpply
Co.,HlghUill.Mo, 3Dtf

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

2\eport5 anb
(£xpcvknccs

Bees In the Cellar

I put my bees into the cellar Oct. 28, but it
warmed up again, so I think I made a mistake
by putting them in so early. I had 65 colo-
nies, spring count, and got about 2000 pounds
of honey from them. We have about a foot
of snow here now. Chas. J. Miller.

Long Prairie, Minn., Dec. 2.

Results of the Past Season

I have put 63 colonies into winter quar-
ters- They did fairly well the past season, as
I got 3500 pounds of honey from them. I run
for comb honey only. I don't lose very many
colonies in winter, as I winter them on the
summer stands packed with chaff cushions,
and have a row of evergreen-trees on three
sides to protect them from the cold winds,
and it works very nicely. Kdw. McCor.

Lima, N. Y., Dec. 8.

Bees Did Poorly

Bees did not do well here this year. There
was no horsemint in the spring, nor broom-
weed in the fall— nothing but cotton to work
on ; while this was a fine quality of honey, it
amounted to only about 35 pounds per col-
ony, on an average {two-thirds comb). This
country is nearly all under cultivation, con-
sequently cotton is our main honey-plant. I
came out in the spring with 35 colonies, hived
18 prime swarms, and now have 31. I lost
heavily in early summer.

I sold what honey I had to spare for 10
cents per section, and 75 cents per gallon for
extracted. One thing is strange to me, if I
were to ask $1.00 a gallon for honey I don't
believe I could sell a single gallon ; but after
I sold what I had to the merchants here, they
had no trouble in getting $1.35 and $1.50 per
gallon for it. F. R. Knauth.

Granger, Tex., Dec. 4.

Bee-Keeping in the South

I will try to say something relative to api-
culture in the South. I can not understand,
except in a meager way, what bee-keepers in
the North mean by ''wintering bees." I have
been told that it is very cold there, that you
have snow and ice, and that you have to pro-
tect your bees in order that they may live
through, and then many are lost, and you
have " spring counts." f don't know what
this means. I never saw but one snow in my
life of any importance, and it was 4 inches
deep on a level, and lasted one day. The ther-
mometer showed 12 degrees above zero. Half
the winters here the mercury never reaches as
low as 12 degrees. I have seen several win-
ters where the mercury never fell below 28 de-
grees. Three times in my life I have eaten
watermelons on Christmas, and once I con-
sumed one in February of the previous year's
crop. Isn't this delightful for the apiarist?

Twice in my life I have seen the mercury as
low as 3 degrees above zero. I had on so
much covering that I could not turn over, and
still froze on the edges. I had to cover up my
head to save my nose. When I arose the next
morning I " smoked " all over like a leaky
stove, and my knees quaked like a bone-yard.
I thought that I never would get into my
pants, and when I did thej' seemed to be en-
tirely too thin, much more so than usual.
This was fearful on me, but never seemed to
bother my bees. I beg pardon for the above
digression.

Here in Texas we leave our hives just as

they were when we last "robbed" them; at
least I do. I extract out the last honey the
last of October, or by Nov. 15, aod return
the combs to the hives just the same as if
I were expecting another honey-flow. No
further attention is paid to the bees except to
walk through the yard occasionally to see if
none of the covers have blown off.

The bees b"rlng in pollen every month in the
year. I have seen them toddling in rapidly
on Christmas day, ladened with pollen. I
never made any investigations to see whether
or not they brought in any honey. Cotton
and mesquite are my principal honey-bearing
plants here in Bell Co., Texas, and from them
we get enormous yields, sometimes.

As yet I never have had any disease among
my bees except paralysis, and that not seri-
ous ; and I have operated bees 20 years. From
what I can learn, foul brood is practically un-
known in the State. It is honey here with
practically no labor attached. Lastyear(I904)
I put in 26 days' work, all told, for operating
and "robbing," and hired one hand two days,
and took off over 9000 pou nds of honey . Nearly
half this time was consumed in transferring
a few colonies and straightening combs and
building up weak colonies, the weak ones
being those that I had found. We have as
many colonies in the spring as we do in the
fall— never lose one except through failure
of the queen. T. P. Robinson.

Bartlett, Texas.

Imbedding Wires In Comb Founda-
tion by Heat

Mb. Editor:— While thanking Mr. Adrian
Getaz for his desire to credit me with the in-
vention of the plan of imbedding wires in
foundation by the use of heat, I must dis-
claim all right to such credit. The credit be-
longs to one of the sisters. Miss EmmaM.
Wilson, who first conceived the idea of using
a lamp or gasoline stove to heat the wires
Then I think it was The A. I. Root Co. who
varied the plan by using electricity. Not
every one can conveniently use electricity,
but a gasoline stove, oil stove, or a lamp, is
easily accessible.

The illustration on page 843, shows an im-
provement that I suppose is the invention of
Mr. Getaz— haying the frame supported by
wires suspended from above. That's easier
than to hold the frame in the hand, and the
the proper distance from the lamp is thus
automatically gauged.

One who has never tried it may think that
there is danger of spoiling the foundation by
melting it. As a matter of fact the heat of
the lamp has very little effect on the wax, and
it would work just as well if no direct heat
touched the wax. Remember that the wire is
under the wax. The wire is one of the very
best conductors of heat, wax one o£ the
poorest. So the wire becomes heated imme-
diately, and a slight pressure from above
melts its way into the wax before any other
part of the wax has found out that any heat
is present. c. C. Miller.

Marengo, 111.

Farm anH ^tri/'l- " "" lllustratod monthly
1 dl III dllU OlOCK rimgozine in the interest ot
CORS Breeding. Cultivation and
Live Stock. Price $1 a year, but for

a short titne will be sent a year on ^

trial for lOc and naiues of ten famici-s who grow corn.

Farm & Stock. 228 Charles. St. Joseph, Mo.
Mention Bee Jonrnal n-ben writing.

85c for 15 NAMES

For names and P. O. '
<•!' 15 tiirmers and I5c

will .send for o yrs. tbo"Farmrr'T6lS^^^^l"~sS,''
pr.ce oOc a year. P. c. is a wklv.. l'.-T vrs ofl' 1 "So
pai-es a yr. Sample free. Farmers Call. QuTno'v, ill.
Mention Bee Jonrnal n-hen writing.

" It is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

888

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

BANTA

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No guesswork. They are auto-
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MFG. CO.. Dept. 24 , Ligonier. Ind.

MAKING

rrr

^P ■ .^B *9 3- hen's natural work. Cut

■ ■ ■■ 1 bone is the raw material she

■ H H H B needs to make her
^^_^^B ^B ^^y ^n e^p a dav. A
■i^PI BH CROWN BONE CUT-
TER will i-rrpare

— ' the food frnm scrap ■

bones quickly, easily. Write for
catalog — tells about the Crown.
Wilson Bros., Box t>X8« Easton, Fa,

Mention Bee Jonrnal ^vhen Trrltlng.

How to Organize

A Farmers* Telephone Co.

We have published a very in-
structive telephone book espee-
cially for the man who wauts
lo know ALL about telephone
matters. It tells bow to organ-
ize, how to build the lines;
about different types of 'phones,
construction; gives by-laws, and
constitutions; in fact it is a tele-
jihone encyclopedia every farm-
er should have. We send it free
if you mention this paper. Ask
for Book 80C. .'*How the Tele-
ne Helps the Farmer." Tou will get it
by return mail.^ Address nearest office.
Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Mfg, Co,
Rochester. N. V.— Chicago, 111.

Mention Bee Journal -when vrrlting.

Special Sale on
HIVES AND SECTIONS

Until March 15. Dovetail Hives, 8-frame, 1%-
story, 1 25; 10-frame, $1.40; No. 1 bee-way Sec-
tions, 3.90; No. 2, $3.40; 24.1b. Shipping-Cases,
13c; Foundation, Smokers, etc., cheap. Send
for 24-page Catalog free.

W. D. SOPER,

Rural Route 3, JACKSON. MiCH.
43Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

(

155 DANDY cr,l»

will double your egE yield. Thous-

ands of poultry raisets
say 'io. It costs less, turns easier,
cuts faster and lasts longer than
any other. Price $^-0u up. ^old on 1 5 l>a.Tn'
KrCO 'I'rlill. Send Tor book and special proposlUoD.

STRATTON MF'G. CO.,
Boi 21, Eric, Po.

Mention Bee Journal ^vhen ■writing.

The Best Fruit Paper

The Fruit-Grower, published nu
Mo. The I'etrular subi^eriptiuii in
butif you will wj-itc furfree sjintp
this paper, you will receive a [i
ynu limy secure it one year WlTllt

thly at St. Joseph.
s a dollar a year
•\>y and mention
ii.viti'iji whert'bv
LT C(-)ST. Evi-r>-

ne who has a few fruit trees or a gaiden, should read

ST aOSi:PH. MISSOURI

-.1 p:,

•^sue i^ haiifl^oniflv illustrated and from 32 to
. ^ -i aniontb an- lllled with interesting nialterper-

#taininjir to fniit-;,To\ving and gartien-
ing. The fli-st four isj^uesof 1906willbe
handsome special numbei-s devoted to
the following subjects: Januaiy, The
Horticultural Societies; February.
Rprjiyintc: March. Oardcninpr; April,
SMinll Fruits. Any one of these num-
b.'is will h,- worth adoilartoyou. We
publish the ■■Brother.Iunathan Series"
TK,\PK MARK of fruit books. Send your name and
BRu. JuNATUAN learn how to secure these books free.

Fruit-Grower(g.,107S.7th.St.Joseph,Mo.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlns*

FOR THIS '^ECONOMy
BOILER AND FEED COOKER

The "Economy" Feed Cooter is the best built cooker on

Pf^f.. ^ u^the market today. It is constructed so as to get the very

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This cooker has the largest fire door of any made, and is

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If you want to save 10 per cent on everything
you buy, we have a plan you should know
about; it will save you from Jl.'W to $250 a year.
Only costs a stamp to find out all about it.

The object of this Society is to save money for its mem-
bers. For full information let us tell ynvi how we do it.

Co-Operative Society of the National Supply Co.
Lansing, Michigan Chicago, Illinou

California

All
About

The Pacific Rural Press has been a house-
hold word throughout California for 35 years.
It is authority oo all matters regarding the
soil or products of California. Weekly, illus-
trated : Edited by practical specialists. Two
Dollars per year. Send for sample copy.

Pacific Rural Press,

330 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif.
SOAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

M sibOjC TS oj 5 tnojj jstit pnw

Fat'd 1878, '82, 'iH Si l»Ot '

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost ererything in
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
If I want any more smokers your new style is
good enongh for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks in-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodnbr.
Mention Bee Jonrnal irlien ■writing.

I A -80 F«r
<& 200 Egq
•INCUBATOR

Perfect ia constmotloii uid

..ctton. natches every fertilff

. egg. Write for catalog faMla;

I OEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III
Mention Bee Journal vrben ivriting

Wi 8BLL Root's Goods in Michiqan

I<et us quote yon prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

THIS IS
THE LOCK

corner that we have told
you about, and as you will
see it can't warp nor split
oft as it passes by and nails
firm to the side. Prices right
— quality right — workman-
ship right.

Our discount discounts everything. Postal
gets a circular. "

T116WoodB66-HiV6&Box6o.

LANSING, MICH.

39Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

CSTSBUSBES

1831

THE

COUNTRY

GENTLEMAN

Ths ONLY Agricultural NEWSpaiier,

AND ADMITTEDLY THE

Leaiuig Agricnltiiral Journal of llie World.

Every department written by specialists, tlio
highest authorities in their respective lines.

No other paper pretends to compare with it
In quallflcations of editorial staff.

Gives the agricultural NEWS with a degree
of completeness not even attempted by others.

indispensable: to

ALL COUNTRY RESIDENTS

WHO WISH TO
KEEP UP 'WITH THE TIXIES.

Single Subscription, $1.50;

Two Sobscriptions, $2.60 ;

Five Subscriptions, $5.60.

SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS to RAIS-
ERS OP LARGER CLUBS.

Four Months' Trial Trip 50 cents.

SPECIMEN COPIES

will be mailed free on request. It will pay any-
body interested in any way in country life to
send for them. Address the publishers :

LUTHER TUCKER &. SON,

Albany, K. Y.

Please mentlou Bee Journal
when wrltlus Advertisers.

Dec. 21. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

889

mm

STOVES

FREIGHT PAID

We are the largest stove dealers in this
country selling direct from the foundry
to the purchaser FREIGHT PAID. Our

immense stove business is all done by mail,
and is built on the solid foundation of satis-
faction or money back in every case. Every
stove we sell is fully warranted and broadly
guaranteed, and the purchaser must be satis-

HARD
COAL
BASE
BURNER

fied in every particular or the purchase
price will be refunded. Before you buy
a stove send for our large free 1.000 page
merchandise catalog. It contains hun-
dreds of handsome stove bargains not
to be found anywhere else. No matter
what sort of a stove you want we have it, and our pri
—freight paid— will lay it down at your depot cheaper
than you can buy it from your home dealer, or anyone
else. And our guarantee makes you safe. You
may order any stove shown in this advertisement
or in our large catalog; if it isn't Just as wo
claim, ship it back; we will pav freight charges

and you
won't be out
a cent by
the deal.
H undreds
of farm-
ers have
purchased
stoves
from us
and have
all been

w

lK^(r>^^

0

more than pleased with their bar-
gains and recommend us to their
neighbors— that's the secret of our
rapid growth. You will do the same.
When you buy a stove of us you know
just what it is going to cost you; you
don't have to figure on the freight. You just
send the amount of the purchase price and we
'eliver it to your station,— you simply haul it
home. If you don't find a stove in this adver-
tisement that suits you, send for the catalogue:
it is the greatest buyers' guide published: it
will show you an easy way to save money on
all your
household
suppl i e s
—tells how
to make
every
dollar
that you
spend do
more
than dou-
ble duty.

^

If you want to save $150 to $250 a year,
ask as for full particulars about-our special

money -sav

list price

Write for it today.

in«- jilan— there's 10 per cent off
n everything you buy oy this plan.

Co-Operative Society of the National Supply Co,
Lansing, Mich, Cliicago, 111.

Mentiuu Uee Juurnul wben Trrltlug.

11 II lllll llllill

nil

■1\

1

^i^l-^^s

^^sl,

»

m

af

Ml

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

*^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence L,eague.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D28t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

Bargain in Bee-SuDDlies

On account of removing from the city, I wish to sell at once the list ot bee-supplies given
below. Will sell the lot at less than one-half the present retail prices as shown by Root's cata-
log. They certainly are a big bargain.

7— 8-frame hive-stands
2 — 8-frame wood-zinc boards
2 — Danzenbaker Hive covers
3 — Reversible hive-bottoms
9 — 10-frame dovetailed supers
5 — lOframe dovetailed winter .cases
24 — 8-frame dovetailed supers
9 — 8-frame dovetailed extracting-supera
2— 10-frame dovetailed hives
3 — 8-frame dovetailed hives

75 — M fences

1 — Danzenbaker bottom and detachable

alighling-board
10 — 8-frani6 hive covers
16 — Hoftraan top-bars
800 — 4x.5xl''„ sections (new)

7 — Miller feeilers

2 — 8-frame bee-escape boards
25 — 8-frame hives (new)
25 — 8-frame 2P supers (new)

500 plain sections (new)

$40 will take the lot if ordered at once.

For further particulars, address, MISS M. A. CALDWEtiLi, Morton Park, 111.

FRUIT BOOKS FREE

Sfnd your name and address at ouce and
yju will receive by retnm mtul sample
copies of the Best Frl'IT Paper and full
particulars al.out tlie "Ero. Jonathan
rniit Bonks," whicli may be secured free.
FRUIT-GROWER COMPANY
"12 Sooth 7th stbket, ST. JOSEPH,' MO.
Mention Bee Journal when Trrltlng.

Very Low Excursion Rates for Christ-
mas Holidays

to all points on the Nickel Plate Road
between Chicag-o and Buffalo. Dates
of sale Dec. 23, 24, 25, 30 and 31, 1905,
and Jan. 1, 1906, with limit returning
Jan. 3, 1906. Rate one and a third fare
for the round-trip. Individual Club
Meals ranging in price from 35 cents
to $1.00. and Mid-Day Luncheon SO
cents, served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars ; also service a la carte. No ex-
cess fare. Chicago city ticket offices,
111 Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.
Depot, La Salle and Van Buren Sts.
The only depot in Chicago on the Ele-
vated Loop. 40— 49A3t

Do You Want a South Dakota Paper?

Tells of great land values, ol business op-
poitnnities, of a State where more railroad
building is going on than in any other State

Union South Dakota Farmer sJl

every week. Price, fl per ^ear.

SPECIAL OFFER— Send this ad with 35
cents for a year's ssbscriptioa. Addiess.
SOUTH DAKOTA PARMER. SlouxPalls^S.D.

SlAlOt

Please meatiou the Bee JonrnaL

890

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

Ai£. AM. Vj

«« If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goodsi Root's frlces 1

■■<*-^-^- ^

Everything- used by Bee- Keepers. jifc

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. W

Low Freight Rates. .-. .*. .•. Catalog Free. ^

If you with to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my ^p

free monthly price-list of honey. Mj^

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE, and avail ^

ycnrself of the following tery liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality. S»

For cash orders before Dec. 1 . -8 percent I For cash orders before Feb. 1. .6 percent j|k

For cash orders before Jan. 1.7 percent I For cash orders before Mar. 1.4 percent ^(F

For cash orders befoie Apr. 1.2 percent ^jfe

WALTER S. rOUDER, f

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

Mention Bee Journal irhen -vrritlng.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shipments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPING-CASES —

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
THE HARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., flarshfield, Wis.

Mlcnioan DisirlBuiors

FOR

Q. B. Lewis Go's BEEWARE
Dadant'5 Foundation

WITH an enormous stock, and the best ship-
ping point in Michigan, we are in a posi-
tion to give you the very best service.

SPECIAL.— A quantity of Dovetail and Wis-
consin Hives, slightly damaged by water,
in packages of S at $1.25 per hive for 1 ' . -
story 8 frame ; lOframe, f 1.40 per hive.
Satisfaction g-uaranteed.

A. G. WOODMAN CO.,

Grand Rapids, Mich.

Advanced Bee-Veil. (Jord arrangement, absolutely bee-proof, best on earth. Made
of imported French tulle veiling. Cotton, with silk face, 60 cents, postpaid. 49Crt

7 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during December. Send for our Catalog.

I PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

Mention Bee Journal it lien vrritiog:.

i2l"e honey- jars

The No. 25 Hoaej-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tight, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

I gross lots $4.50 per gross

5 " " 4.U0 "

AUo in Strong RE-SHiPPlNa CA5BS of two
dozen each, heavy corrugated partitions, sides,
top and bottom— a perfect protection —

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 " 95 "

10 " '90 "

Eight-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re-
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 85c

10 " *' " 80c

20 " " " 7Sc

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265 A. 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N. Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee JournaL

For Sale-2 5,000 Lbs.r%:n"i

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound for the lot, or 6}^c

for less, F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the Bee Jottrnal.

rOR SALE

Until farther notice, finest quality new crop
California Water- White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY iti 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam
pies, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y

34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaaS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
41Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Big Discounts
on Bee=5upplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current use:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9 percent I Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec.l 8 " March 1.... 4 "

Jan. I 7 " I Aprill 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
large stock, which insures prompt shipment.
Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 215 W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
38Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

LICE SAP LIFE

That's how they live and thrive.
You can't have healthy, profltabla
fowla or stock and have lice too.

Lambert's Death to Lice

promptly kills all insect vermin and

makes sittinir hens comfortable.

fi3\^^y ^V Sample lOc; 100 ok.. 11.00 by expreBs,
vS>^ruift>>i "• K. STOCK FOOn CO.,

\* vSi?^ ■ ^' ^ Lambert. Vioe-Pres.

\ TO x^ ^^g MonoB BIdg.. Chicago. IIL

•-PURE ALFALFA^

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

We have a good supply of Pure Alf alia.

HOl^EY in 60-pound cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices: 3 cans,
boxed, at .SV^ cents a pound ; 4 or more cans at
one time, S cents a pound — all f.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover package and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEYl^u^PP^L^v'CO.

I4I-I43 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 21, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

691

Lowest Prices

Big Discount for Early Orders

Oh Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 "

" January 1 ~ "

" February 1 6

'■' March 1 4

" Aprill 2

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL, KINDS

Established Nearly 33 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER for IS years (monthly,
SOc a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.
Mention Bee Joornol ivhen vrrltlnK.

4- Bcestpax-f

Chicago, Dec. 6.— The trade in best grades of
white comb honey has been fair, yet retailers
taking^ only small quantities at a time. This
honey brings 14@15c ; other grades are difficult
to place at from l(a\ic per pound less. Extracted
selling at 7(aJ7!^c per pound for white; amber
6H@7c ; dark Sl^fgOc. Beeswax, when clean and
of good color, 30c. R. A. Burnett oc Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 24.— The demand for comb
honey is relaxing to some extent, owing to the
majority of the trade being well supplied. All
fears of a comb honey famine have been al-
layed. We quote fancy white comb honey at
14@16c. Extracted honey is in fair demand.
Quote amber at 5Ji@6^c, according to the pack-
age and quality. Fancy white and white clover
extracted at 6H@8^c. We are paying 2yJ^c per
pound delivered here for choice yellow beeswax.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mtstakably
expects to receive these prices for his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

Thk Fred W.Muth Co.

Toledo, Oct. 17— The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the sameas
last qnotations. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, I3c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 6Ji@6Mc;
amber, in barrels, S@5Jic; in cans, Ic to IJ^c
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

Albany, N.Y., Nov. 8.— Our honey market is
in healthy condition; demand good; receipts
about equal to demand. Prices are not quite as
high as last year, but the tendency has been to
work off the honey before cold weather, and we
think the crop has come forward more than
usual this season, which is a good sign. We
quote: Fancy white clover, 15c; A No. 1, 14c;
No. 1, 13c; buckwheat, fancy, 13c; A No. 1,12c;
No, 1, ll@12c; straight buckwneat is wanted in
this market. Extracted, quiet; white, 7!'^c;
mixed, 6^c; buckwheat, bHc. Beeswax scarce
at 30c. H. R. Wkioht.

Pbiladblphia, Nov. 20.— The demand has
been very good for honey in the past 10 days.
In fact, it takes a little sharp, cool weather to
get people started, and when they do start, the

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1905 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the lowest,

ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH, AS

ALL FREIG-HT NOW GOES

THROUGH CINCINNATI.

7 Percent Discount

For Cash Orders Received in

S ^D EGEMBER i^

This applies to all goods with exception of Shipping-Cases
and other Honey-Packages for current use.

C. H.W.WEBER =:

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

demand continues for seme mouths. We would
say, now is the heig'ht of the honey season. We
quote, iu a jobbing way: Fancy comb, lS@l7c;
No. 1, 13@lSc; amber,12@13c. E.xtracted, fancy
white, 7(o'8c; amber, 6Hc. Beeswax firm at 28c.
We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Indianapolis, Dec. 15 —There is a tendency
for higher prices on best grades of honey. The
demand for strictly fancy white comb honey
exceeds the supply. Demand for lower grades
of comb honey not good. Numerous shipments
of honey arriving, but no one producer seems to
have very great quantities to offer. I quote
fancy white at lS@l6c; No. I iu poor demand at
He, and amber dull atlOc. Best grade extracted
brings 8@9c in 60-lb. cans; amber slow at 6c.
Beeswax, 30@33c. Walter S. Podder.

Denver, Nov. 11.— No. 1 white comb honey,
per case of 24 sections, $3.35; No. 1 light amber,
$3.0J; No. 2, $2 50®3.0O. Extracted honey, 6%
@1 cts. per pound. Supply is light and we
coud make quick sales of consignments at
above figures. We pay 24c for clean, yellow
beeswax delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Nov. 17. — The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the prices high. We quote as fol-
lows: Fancy water-white and No. 1 white clo-
ver, 14@loci No. 2, 12@14c. Extracted seems to
be more plentiful, and we quote same in barrels,
light amber, 5!i@5^c; in cans, %c more; white
clover, 7@f(c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C. H.W. Weber.

New Yoke, Dec. 6. — The demand for comb
honey continues to be fair for all grades. Prices
practically remain the same. We quote fancy
white at 14@lSc ; No. 1 at 13c ; No. 2 at 12c, and
buckwheat at 10c per pound. Extracted honey
is in good demand, especially California honey
with large supplies. We quote white at 65i('i7c;
light amber at 6c ; buckwheat, extracted, at
5J5@6c per ponnd ; Southern at 50(S60c per gal-
lon. Beeswax firm and steady at 2'i(S)30c per
pound. HiLDRETH & Sbgblken.

SiN Francisco, Dec. 6.— White comb, 1-lb,
sections, 9@10 cents; amber, 7g8c. Extracted,
waterwhlte,4K@Sc; white, 4H@4Kc; light am-
ber, 4@4^ cents; amber, 3)i@4c; dark amber,
3@3Kc. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 26@27c;
dark, 24tf! 2Sc.

Honey is being offered more freely at appear-
ing quotations than for some weeks past, and
it now appears that growers are awakening to
the fact that they can not force prices any
higher by holding their honey. At these fig-
ures there should be a good profit to the bee-men
and a small margin to jobbers. Hawaiian ex-
tracted ambsr is selling at 2% cents, at primary
points, but it is not likely that California
apiarists have anything to fear from compe-
tiou, as their crop is all marketed in England.

85c for 15 NAMES

For names and P. O.
of 15 farmers and 15c

•- stamiia taken— we

Call — ree. sub.

prioe r<ftc a year. F. C. is a wklv., 25 vrs.ofd, 1^300

will .SlTliI f.l

the Farmer's Call-
inn-c- .*i>i.: ci ,* t-iti . r . C. is a wklv., 25 vrs.oiu, ijouu
pages a yr. Sample free. Farmer's Call..Quincy, 111.

Mention Bee Journal when Trrltlns*

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8c

TWO OR MORE CRATES; 7%
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. CINCINNATI. CASH WITHORDER. SAMPLES 1 Oc
TO PAY POSTAGE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO,

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey — Fancy white, 'c; fancy
amber, 6J2C', '4C less in 5case lots or more.
C. O. CLEMONS & CO.
4Sitf KANSAS CITY, MO.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
09 South Watir St. Chicago. III.

892

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 21, 1905

BEANCHES

" TOE LEWIS FABIY TREE "

These gentlemen, located in different parts
of the globe, are Lewis Agents, and will take
pleasure in attending to yoitr wants in the bee-
supply line promptly, courteousl}' and accu-
rately, handling Lewis Goods by the carload :

a.

10

Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph.
Mo.

Frank Rauchfuss, Mgr. Colo-
rado Honey Producers' Asso-
ciation, Denver, Colo.

Chas. H. Lilly, Pres. Chas. H.
Lilly Co., Seattle, Portland,
San Francisco.
i. E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts,
England.

5. Chas. B. Stevens, of C. B.

Stevens it Co., Havana, Cuba.

6. A. G. Woodman, of A. G. Wood-

man Co., Grand Rapids. Mich.

7. C. M. Soott, of C. M. Scott iV

Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

S. A. I. Davis, Sec'y Southwestern
Bee Co., San Antonio, Tex.

9. Fred Foulger, of Fred Foulger
ifc Sons, Ogden, Utah
F. R. Davis, Ass't Mgr. Grand
Junction Fruit Growers' Asso-
ciation, Grand Junction, Colo.

11. R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.
12 and 13. Norris & Anspaeh, Ken-
ton, Ohio.

14. H.M. Arnd, Mgr. York Honey

& Bee Supply Co., Chicago,
111.

15. Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars,

Iowa.
10. M. H. Silvernale, Mgr. Kenyon
Yard, Wisconsin Lumber Co.,
Faribault, Minn.

17. Paul Bachert, Lancaster, Calif.

18. Chas. N. Greene, of Cleaver tV:

Greene, Troy, Pa,

19. A. Lehman, Mgr. Arkansas Val-

ley Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Rocky Ford, Colo.

20. B. C. Hanssen, of Louis flan-

ssen's Sons, Davenport,
Iowa.

21. Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

22. L. C. Dadant, of Dadant & Sons,

Hamilton, 111,

G. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers Bee= Keepers' Supplies

Offices, Factories, and Wapehouses

1 WATERTOWN, WIS., U.S.A.

Established 30 Years.

Annual Output T^^^jy !'''l?" ^'S"A-

==^=== One Hundred THousand Hives

h^,

Dee Journal

45th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., DECEMBER 28. 1905

^

No. 52

894

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dae. 28, 1905

PCBUSHBD WBEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK S COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

THE StTBSCBIPTION PRICE of this Journal ia
81.00 a year, in the United States, Canada, anri
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 6u
cents a year extra lor postafte. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your pubscription ispai<i
For Instance, '"decos" on your lahel shows that it is
paid to the end of Dtcember.

8TTBSCRTPTI0N RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, bm
chanpethe date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ADVERTISING RATES will be given upon appli-
cation.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d,— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riehts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
boney.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo

General Manager and Treosurer —

N. E.t'KANCE, Platteville, Wla.

|y If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
ODbllsbers of the American Bee JoumaL

The Honey-Producers' League

(INCORPORATED)

OBJECTS:

1. To create a larger demand for honey through
advertising.

2. To publish facts about honey, and counteract
misrepresentations of the same.

MEMBERSHIP DUES

1. Any bee-keeper may become a member by pay-
ing to the Manager an annual fee of $1.00 for each
20 (or fraction of an) colonies of bees (spring count)
he owns or operates.

2. Any honey- dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-supply
manufacturer, bee-paper publisher, or any other
firm or individual, may become a member on the
annual payment of a fee of $10. increased by one-
flfth of one (I) percent of his or its capital used in
the allied interests of bee-beepine.

Oeoroe W. roRK, Manager,

334 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

*'Xlie continuous advertiser
gets tlie bullc ot tlte business,
because otiiers are not adver-
tising, and he is.^^

YORK HONEY T.l>.^^^ CO. (fnc )

141 Ontario Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

CARRY A FULL LINB OF

AN

LEWIS' BEE-SUPPLIES

Cornell inGufiaiors and Brooders

And Poultry SuppUe^, at Faetopy Ppiees.

Write for the 19015 Catalog of either or both.

HONEY FOR SALE

H. M. ARND,
Mgr.

BEESWAX WANTED— 26c cash, or 28c when taking Bee-Supplies in exchange— delivered here.
6 PERCENT DISCOUNT IN JANUARY on Bee-Supplies

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION I^aH^.^''

Retail, Wholesale and Jobbing.
Owes its REPUTATION entirely to its MERITS, and our PERSISTENT EFFORTS to
MAKE the BEST and KEEP it the BEST.

It is TOUGH, CLEAR, and PERFECTLY TRANSPARENT, has the NATURAL SWEET
ODOR of PURE WAX, and the COLOR of the BRIGHTEST and LIGHTEST LEMON and
ORANGE.

We make a SPECIALTY of WORKING WAX into FOUNDATION for CASH, by the
TENS, HUNDREDS and THOUSANDS of POUNDS, and we are in the Best Shape to attend to
all orders promptly, our capacity being 1500 pounds daily.

FULL and COMPLETE LIN E of SUPPLIES, and the BEST ONLY.

Do not fail to write for SAMPLES of our Foundation, Dsscriptive Catalog, PRICES and
DISCOUNTS, stating Quantity of I'oundation wanted. Wax to be Worked, and List of other
Supplies, and Prices will be accordingly. Beeswax always wanted.

E. Grainger A Co , Toronto, Ontario . . . . Agents for Canada
The Bee and Homey Co., Beeville, Texas . . " Texas

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts, England ... " Great Britain

W. D. SoPER, Jackson, Michigan ** Michigan

Mention Bee Journal when writingr. QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

DOLLAR ORDERS OR CARLOAD ORDERS WILL RECEIVE
PROMPT ATTENTION.

We are manufacturers and sell direct to the bee-keeper. We are in the heart of
the lumber district ; we buy our raw material as cheap, if not cheaper, than others ;
we save freight; we buy only the best select lumber, and contract for same a year in
advance. We liave the best shipping facilities of any concern in the country. We
can save you nearly one-fourth the money you usually pay for Supplies, and guaran-
tee to send you better goods than you have had before for the same money.

We still have some catalogs left that we would like to have you send for. It
will cost you one cent, and the information contained therein is worth one thousand
times that amount to you. Send postal to-day, or include request for catalog with
order.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Power BIdfl., Minneapolis, Minn.

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-Cases,
Berry Boxes, and Crates for the coming sea-
son. By sending us a list of goods wanted,
we can save you money.

SHEBOYQAN FRUIT BOX CO.

35A18t SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

I rt.80 F*r
I iC 200 Eoq
1NCU9ATOR

Perfect in cosBtmction ana
.ictioc. Eatcbea every fertll»

■ egg. Write for o&talog to-dAj

IgEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III.

Mention Bee Journal when ivriting.

NOT IN THE TRUST

For High-Grade
Cans

Prices Always
the Lowest

Write for Prices,
Stating- Quantity
Wanted

Friction Top Cans for Honey and Syrup

, . Prompt shipment and careful attention given to all orders. Special prices to members of the Bee-Keepers' Associations.
- Mention- Bee Jonrnal when wTltlng. Made by CANNERS CAN CO., 1035 W. 47th Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

Dec. 28, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

895

I "DADMT'S FOUNDATION"

-AND-

BEE=SUPPLIES

Revised Prices on Foundation

IN LOTS OF

Namb of Grade l-lb. S-lbs. 10-lbs. 2S-lbs. SO lbs.

Medium Brood 55 S3 SI 49 48

Light Brood 57 SS S3 51 50

Thin Surplus 62 60 58 56 55

Extra Thin Surplus. . .65 63 61 59 58

DISCOUNTS for Early Cash Orders

During September 10 percent

October 9 "

" November 8 "

" December 7 "

" January 6 "

" February 4 "

" March 2 "

Beeswax Wanted at all Times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, HI.

BEE - SUPPLIES

Everything the bee-keeper needs. Distributing house for Lewis' Goods at Factory
Prices. Now is the time to buy for next season.

Cash Orders for regular Supplies before February,
6 percent Discount.

FINE EXTRACTED HONEY in cans or barrels. The best the world can produc
Sanoples 8 cents, to pay postage and packing. How much can you use? Prices quoted quick
on the quantity you mention.

We buy BEESWAX at all times in the year. Send for our Catalog and "Special"
—free.

ClUI Cr^r%TT S. f^f\ lOO* EAST Wash. Street
■ IVI. OV^V/ I I OC \^\Jm INDIANAPOLIS. IND. •^•^' ^•^ ■i'*

SUDDII6S ! I

We carry a large stock and greatest
variety of everything needed in the
Apiary, assuring bestgoods at lowest
prices, and prompt shipments. We want every bee-keeper to have our Free Illus-
trated Catalog, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc.
Write at once for Catalog, either English or German language.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

AGENCIES

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neo. I Fulton & Ford, Garden City, Kansas.

Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. I I. H. Myers, Laraar, Colo.

Southwestern Bee Co., 438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when wTltin^.

Get New Subscribers

Why not get a New Subscriber for
the American Bee Journal, to send
with your own renewal 7

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Diacoants to the Trade.

I Bee-Reepers'
Early Disconnts

Now is the Time to send in your
order for goods for use next season,
and for all orders where cash accompa-
nies we allow the following discounts:

Before October 1 deduct 10 percent

November 1 . .

' 9 "

December 1 . .

8 "

January 1

" 7 "

February 1. ..

6 "

March 1

" 4 "

April 1

u 3 **

Freight-Rates from Toledo are the
lowest Can take Honej aad Beeswax
in exchang-e for Supplies if you desire.
Send for free illustrated Catalog. It de-
scribes add illustrates everything^ for
both the Poultry and Bee Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Monroe Street,
TOLiHJIDO, OHIO.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when writing.

896 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Dec. 28. 1905

3 A ConiDlete Establishment ^

\ We say that we can supply EVERYTHING for the bee-keeper. It IS a lilTERAti fact. Anything from bees to r^

^dl books, or hives to honey-boards. The completeness of our factory is not realized by most bee-keepers. Below we give the V

^1 main Departments of our business. Read them over and then we are sure you will understand when we say EVERYTHING ^k^

^^ for the bee-keeper, we mean it. E^m

^ WOOD-WORKING DEPT. (T

^£ This department occupies the 3 floors of the main building of the factory. It is equipped from top to bottom with the ^ V

*^ best machinery that brains can invent and money buy. Every detail in hive-making has been carefully figured out. Immense M^m

X sheds covering acres of ground protect the lumber piles so that shrinkage is reduced to almost nothing. This accounts for f ''

^di the accurate fitting and clearness of stock of Root's wooden wares. The entire factory, light, and machinery power, is fur- \

^m nished by a great, 400 horse-power engine, and a 100 horse-power dynamo. Va

y WAX- WORKING DEPT. f^

^_y We are leaders in buying wax and selling the famous Weed Process Foundation. Our Wax Department is furnished ^

^flf with tanks for refining, machines for sheeting, all sizes of mills, automatic papering machines, etc. Over 150,000 pounds of Va

r ^ foundation is made, boxed and shipped all over the world every year. 0&

jJJ TIN SHOP \

Mm Here are made the thousands of smokers that bear the Root trade-mark of excellence. Here are made the cans for ex- ^m

r ^ tractors and uncapping-cans. Machines for cutting honey-boards; presses for stamping tin and iron into various forms. U^

j3 machine shop \

mA Equipped with the most expensive machinery and manned by skillful employees. We make our own'metal parts and ^Bm

r ^ much machinery for other factories. Powerful iron presses, iron cutting and drilling machines are in evidence everywhere. Ut^

j^^ APIARIES \

MM^'' - We have scattered in and around Medina 5 apiaries devoted exclusively to bee and queen rearing, supplemented by 5 ^m

r ^ more in New Tork, Pennsylvania and Cuba, and we control the product of several other large queen-breeding establishments. mfif

^ Our queens are bred with scientific care. We test every device we make before it is introduced to the public. ^

^ SHIPPING DEPT. ly

r^m Two railroads run their cars to our doors. From a dozen to 20 men are kept busy loading and packing the 175 to 200 waT

^ carloads we ship every year, besides the thousands of less than carload shipments. Eight express trains a day. With large T

.Jk^ warehouse packed full and a great factory it is a little wonder that Roots have gained a reputation for promptness in filling A .

mL orders for the hundreds of things in their catalog. pl#

\ PRINTING DEPT. ^

^n Two large cylinder presses; 3 platen presses; paper folder, trimming, cutting and stitching machines; skilled typeset- ^J

0^ ters, printers, book-binders— all help to turn out semi-monthly the large issues of Gleanings in Bee Culture; the five to ten wW

W thousand ABC books every year; together with our 500,000 supply catalogs, not speaking of ithe numerous other r^

^j catalogs, booklets, labels and all varieties of printing. Two carloads of paper required for our annual catalog, a half carload V

^W for our Christmas Gleanings alone. ^J

^y BRANCHES AND AGENTS ^

^^ J Eight branches with large stock in all great centers. Numerous jobbing agencies and hundreds of smaller agents place V

jn our goods at your door at factory prices, with freight charges and time taken in shipment reduced to the lowest possible point. ^k^

M^L We wonder if the bee-keeper ever thinks of the many hands and brains that plan for him? Of the hundreds of thousands of wW

V dollars, and the hours consumed to make and deliver his supplies? r^

^ OFFICE \^

m^ The office is the brain of the factory. Here are the executive, editorial, advertising and book-keeping heads. Here the WW

\^ thousands of details are cared for. Root's office is as modern as you can find anywhere. Six typewriters are kept busy ; add- f^^

^_ ^ ing machine, copying machine, vertical letter files, card indexes, etc.— everything to care for the half million dollars worth of V

^n business we do yearly. We have every interest of the bee-keeper at heart. We are working for your good, for your prosperity ^k^

^^ means ours. ffm-

^ The Compliments of the Season to Our Friends All Over World. \r

H ' — '" V

r ^ Our Catalog for 1906 is ready. Write for a copy if you want it now. U^

yl THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Medina, Ohio ^

{Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter)
Pnblislied Weekly at Sl.OO a Tear by Ceorge W. Torlc & Co., 334 Dearborn St.

OBOROB W. YORK, Bditor

CHICAGO, ILL,, DECEMBER 28, 1905

VoL XLV— No. 52

=^

(£bitorial Hotes
anb (Eomincnts

J

A Happy New Year

to every reader of the American Bee Journal — throughout
all of 1906 — is our wish.

The Annual Index In January

Owing to the meetings of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association and the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers'
Association last week in Chicago, it was impossible for us
to get out the usual annual index for 1905 that we have pub-
lished for years in the last number of the American Bee
Journal for the year. We will, however, put it in some
number for January, in such form that it can be removed
and placed back with this number for binding purposes.

Massachusetts People as Honey-Eaters

Burton N. Gates says in the American Bee-Keeper,
"Honey consumed in Massachuetts is one-fourth State
product," and 200 tons are imported from other States.
That would make 66 tons produced in the State, and 266
tons in all consumed, or some 530,000 pounds. That looks
like a good deal of honey, but when it is divided up among
the 2,805,000 inhabitants, it figures out only about 3 ounces
as the yearly ration for each man, woman, and child in the
State. Surely, there can not be very much stomach-ache in
Massachusetts as the result of over-eating of honey.

Size of Winter Hive-Entrances

A wide gulf exists between views entertained in Ohio
and in Canada. The editor of Gleanings says :

"An entrance 4 inches wide and ,'4 -inch deep we have
found to be quite sufficient. This will usually keep rea-
sonably clear. I should prefer an entrance only one inch
wide, but there is a liability that the bees will clog it up."

In the Canadian Bee Journal, page 219, " York County
Bee-Keeper " says that after experimenting with entrances
of different sizes, he is convinced thoroughly that for his
locality a fair-sized entrance is necessary for best results,
and this winter nearly every one of his colonies will go into
winter quarters with entrances equivalent to 5 square

inches. The editor thinks small winter entrances are regu-
lar death-traps for strong colonies, having made experi-
ments with them that he has no desire to repeat, and says
he has had best results with full-width entrances 12x^8.

One would think that if there is any difference, smaller
entrances would be needed in Canada than Ohio, and when
such a wide difference of views exists as to demand an en-
trance 4>4 or more times as large in the colder country, one
can but wish that the Canucks and the Buckeyes would
fight it out to a finish, so that one might know what is the
best practice in this really important matter.

Interstate Pure Food Law

Of the 27,000 words of President Roosevelt's message,
one paragraph is of special interest to bee-keepers. It is
this:

" I recommend that a law be enacted to regulate inter-
state commerce in misbranded and adulterated foods, drinks
and drugs. Such a law would protect legitimate manu-
facture and commerce, and would tend to secure the health
and welfare of the consuming public. Traffic in foodstuffs
which have been debased or adulterated so as to injure
health or to deceive purchasers, should be forbidden."

Whether any action will be taken upon the President's
recommendation remains to be seen. There is a big lot of
money invested in businesses that a law of that kind would
not help, and there is the conservative Senate on the watch
against doing anything too rash in the interests of the
common people. But we will wait and see, and in any event
President Roosevelt deserves thanks for doing his part in
this particular matter.

Qettlnt; Rid of Ants

We often receive requests for directions for getting rid
of ants. Here is one taken from The Garden Magazine :

A few years ago the ants took possession of my yard
and built mounds or " ant-hills " all over it. I tried all kinds
of remedies, among them Paris-green, London purple, cor-
rosive sublimate, white hellebore, borax, tobacco, kerosene
(or, rather, gasoline) and chloroform. With exception of
the last two, all were used as solutions or mixtures in water.
The solutions were gradually increased in strength till they
killed plant-life with which they came in contact — but they
didn't kill the ants. Chloroform gave them a brief vaca-
tion only, while gasoline killed not only the ants, but all
the plants near by whose roots were affected in the least
degree, seemingly, by the oil.

Finally, I found a cure for the pest in a mixture of Per-
sian insect powder in water — '4 pound in a gallon of water.
The mixture does not injure plants, though one thorough
application destroys the ant-nest. Use pure powder, for
much of the powder sold is badly adulterated, and hence of

898

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 28, 1905

little value. Use freshly-made powder, for unless kept dry
and in air-tight containers after being made, it loses gradu-
ally its insecticidal powers.

Put a quarter of a pound of good powder into a watering
can (or other vessel with spout, from which a small stream
can be poured) and add a little water ; stir until powder is
thoroughly wet, and then add the balance of the gallon of
water.

Keep stirring the mixture while using, and pour the
mixture slowly into the tunnels of the ant-hill till they are
all filled. In my experience one application destroys the
colony. H. S. Jewett, M. D.

We suppose the Persian insect powder mentioned can
be bought at any good drug-store.

A New Wax-Extractor

Arthur C. Miller, who is so often a disturber of existing
opinions, believes that there is an objection to the wax-
press, because the pressure, while pressing out the wax, at
the same time has a tendency to hold it where it is. So he
has invented a wax-extractor that works on the principle of
keeping the mass as loose as possible, stirring it up re-
peatedly in the hot water. The following description of
his extractor is given by him in the American Bee-Keeper,
a patent being applied for :

"It consists of two cans, one within the other. The
outer can, shown in the cut, has a conical cover with an
outlet pipe for the wax, a faucet for the withdrawal of
water, and an inlet for water. Through the top of the coni-
cal cover passes the shaft
which moves the inner mech-
anism. The inner can has a
perforated bottom and top,
the latter being removable.
Within this can and attached
to it are parts of the grinding
apparatus, and attached to the
shaft which passes through
the middle of the can are cor-
responding parts.

"The method of operation
is simple in the extreme. After
removing both covers hot
water is poured in until the
can is one-half to two-thirds
full. Then comb is put in un-
til the mass is up to the top of
the can, then the covers are
replaced, hot water added
through the funnel on the
cover, and as soon as the
fluids reach the apex of the
cone, the wax begins to flow
out. The crank is then turned
for a few minutes, more water
is added, and more wax es-
capes. Where the water ap-
pliances are convenient, a
small but steady stream of
hot water may be allowed to
flow in, and the wax will flow
as steadily out. When all of

the wax has escaped, the faucet is opened, some of the
water drawn ofi', covers removed, the inner can (which con-
tains all the refuse) is taken out, emptied, and returned to
its place, and the process repeated. It will be observed
that it is thus necessary to use but a little fresh water with
each change. Furthermore, it is not necessary to have the
extractor on a stove When it is used in the open air or in
a cool or unheated room, it is advantageous to have the ex-
tractor protected with a jacket or wrapping of cloth or
paper to conserve the heat."

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this Journal. You can aid much
by sending in the name,"-, and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

iniscellaneous
Hetps ♦:♦ 3 terns

=\

J

Dadant Methods of Honey-PFoduetion.— Beginning
with the first number of the American Bee Journal in Jan-
uary (next week), Mr. C. P. Dadant will commence a series
of articles, giving in minutest detail the very successful
methods of honey-production practiced by himself and his
late lamented father for so many years. These articles will
be illustrated, and will be worth dollars and dollars to the
readers of the American Bee Journal who wish to make
money in bee-keeping.

Be sure to renew your subscription promptly (if not
already renewed for 1906), so as not to miss any of Mr.
Dadant's valuable articles.

Apiary and Home of R. F. Wutzke.— The following
was sent us by Mr. Wutzke :

Owing to the sudden changes of weather the past sea-
son, my bees could take but little advantage of the heaviest
honey-flow.

At the beginning of last spring I had only 2 colonies.
My intention being to increase my apiary, I immediately
purchased 25 3-f rame nuclei, each of which became a strong
colony.

I have just counted my colonies, and found I have 65,
from which I obtained 410 pounds of honey. I have to-day
(Nov. 8) just completed a new landscape containing ten
times the area of my present apiary, which I expect to
occupy next spring. R. F. Wutzke.

The Apiary of J. M. Buchanan.— When sending the
picture shown on the first page, Mr. Buchanan wrote thus :

I am mailing you a photograph of my apiary. I have
about 30 colonies of Italian bees, and a few Caucasians, and
shall give the latter a thorough test next season.

Bees winter here on the summer stands with no protec-
tion. I am running for comb honey exclusively, and sell
all I can produce at 15 cents per section.

J. M. Buchanan.

The Bee as an Emblem.— Mr. C. G. Chevalier, of
Maryland, wrote us as follows recently :

George W. York & Co. — The clipping herewith is
from the Philadelphia Press, concerning the use of the bee
as an emblem by Emperor Napoleon. Many of your readers
will no doubt be interested in reading the translation of
Book IV of Virgil's Georgics, written in the year 31, B. C.
The subject of the fourth book is the management of bees ;
their habits, economy, polity, and government are described
with the utmost fidelity, and with all the charm of poetry.

Virgil first describes a beautiful location for the apiary,
then follows with advice as to the kind of hive most desir-
able. After giving some information regarding the treat-
ment of swarms, the present-day reader will be astonished
to learn that he instructs one to clip the wings of the
"kings " (which we now know to be queens).

While we know that many of Virgil's ideas are erro-
neous, as illustrated by the above paragraph, as well as by
his statement that they cull their progeny with their mouths
from leaves and fragrant herbs, still the whole article is
full of good advice even to the modern bee-keeper, and the
reading of this chapter will surely be a pleasure to any one
interested in apiculture. Yours truly,

C. G. Chevalier.

The clipping referred to by Mr. Chevalier is as follows,
being a reply to the question, " Can you give the reason for
Napoleon using the bee as an emblem ?" sent to the Press
by one of its readers :

" When it was decided in 1804 that the First Consul
should assume the title of Emperor, the dignity to be heredi-
tary, Napoleon had elaborate searches made into the stately
ceremonials of royalty. Much pains were taken to ascer-

Dec. 28, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

899

tain the court etiquette that prevailed under the ancient
regime. It was already known that the original symbol or
insignia of royalty in France was the bee. This preceded
the fleur-de-lys. In fact, many heraldic authorities held the
opinion that the fleur-de-lys was only a conventionalized
form of the bee with outspread wings. In adopting an
imperial emblem. Napoleon went back beyond the fleur-de-
lys of the monarchy and restored the bee for the device of
the Empire."

National Legislation to Suppress Bees.— Certain
people of a certain Iowa town seem to have had a hard time
to get their names in the newspapers, so they hit upon the
plan to petition Congress to prohibit the flight of bees in
their little burg of Defiance. The Chicago Record-Herald
of Dec. 10, contained the following account of the efforts of
certain " otherwise " people to wipe out beekeeping :

The people of Defiance, Iowa, have petitioned their
Congressman to draft a Bill, or to use his influence in the
promulgating of legislation to rid the country of the com-
mon honey-bees running at large. Congressman Smith has
been very much amused at the unique request, which came
to him in the form of a petition signed by 125 voters, resi-
dents and citizens of the village. The petition reads as
follows :

" We, the undersigned citizens and residents of Defi-
ance, Iowa, and vicinity, realizing the great damage done
each year by reason of the common honey-bee roaming
about and running at large in our cities and towns, by their
continual biting and sipping of the precious fruits and
beautiful flowers, to say nothing of their constant buzzing
about one's ears from early morn till late at night, and
their frequent stinging, do hereby earnestly and humbly
pray you, as our representative, to prepare and introduce,
and use your best efforts to have passed, a very stringent
law forever prohibiting the running at large and roaming
about our public streets, in our cities and towns, and espe-
cially the town of Defiance, all honey-bees of whatever
variety or species. By so doing you will not only be render-
ing a great public service, but will place us under great
obligations to you."

The much-bothered and overworked Congressman re-
plied that he knew of no part of the national federal Con-
stitution delegating the power upon Congress for the en-
actment of such legislation, and assured his constituents
that if he ever found any clause of the Constitution of the
United States authorizing such a law as that petitioned for,
he would first insist upon the power being exercised by pro-
hibiting house-flies from running at large on his premises.
He also added that in case the State of Iowa first drafted
and passed such a law he would rest assured that he would
feel safe to visit Shelby County without being stung.

We wish here to thank several of our readers who kindly
sent us clippings of the above item in various forms. Of
course, it is all very amusing to beekeepers, and doubtless
served its purpose for the Defiance population.

-V Contrtbuteb *f
Special Clrttcles

Selling Honey Direct to Consumers

EY J. L. STRONG.

IN 1869 I took the first honey with the extractor. This
I thought would be appreciated by the consumer, but,
to my surprise, I could not induce any of my neighbors
to try even a pound of it. So I put it in Mason fruit-jars
and left it with my grocer, with the same result, until
about Christmas, when I took them home. This was very
discouraging, as I only had two jars to sell, and from
that time to this there has been very little comb-honey
used on our table, while the extracted has been in demand
nearly every meal.

I now have a trade that enables me to sell my entire
crop to the consumer. I am an economical man, and do

not sell 10 cents' worth in a 5-cent bottle, to be thrown
away as soon as empty; too much work for the producer,
and too much waste for the consumer. It is all right for
the city trade, as there are a few of the wealthy class who
care but little for a few cents cost, if the article pleases
the eye. This class of consumers buy but little honey.

I prefer to put up honey in pails — something that will
be of value after the honey is used. These pails are of
different sizes, holding from S to 25 pounds, and cost
about one cent per pound of their capacity. I give the
customer the privilege of returning the pail if he wishes
to do so, in case he lives near. If at a distance, and he
does not bring anything to put the honey in, then I quote
price of pail and honey, and give him first price of pail
when returned.

Now as to how I have worked up a trade from nothing
to the entire crop from 200 colonies:

I often meet one who asks, "How are the bees doing?"
I tell him in as few words as possible. I also tell him
what I have to sell, and quote prices, and if I have time I
give a short talk on the values of honey as a food and a
medicine. Tn this way I often interest several and take
orders for several dollars' worth of honey from different
ones. . , ,

I also have a "honey list ; this consists of the names
and addresses of those who have bought honey, or will
be likely to do so in the future. Then when I have honey
to sell I quote prices on a postal card to each name on
the list, and tell how it is put up. For this trade I use
60-pound square cans, screw top, while the honey is
liquid; and after it has candied, lard cans, with loose top,
do better, because it can be easily crated for shipment, and
when received the cover can be taken oflf and the honey
dug out without cutting the can or melting the honey.
The second-hand lard can costs 16 2-3 cents each, and
holds 75 pounds net of honey.

The prices at which I have sold extracted honey have
been from 7 to 15 cents a pound; the latter when we have
had a short crop, to save some for medicine, as they
expect me to have honey at all times, and they have not
been disappointed.

The past season I have sold at 81-3 cents, while I
was extracting, but now at 10 cents; and as I have but 200
pounds left, I will sell the balance at 12;4 cents.

There is but little sale for chunk honey in our market,
as the broken comb is objectionable. We can sell section
honey if nice, but only in small quantities, and not at
enough higher than extracted to pay the difference in cost
of production.

I have sold six 60-pound cans in one order this sea-
son, probably to be divided among his neighbors.

My crop this season was 2,000 pounds of extracted,
and 350 pounds of comb honey — all gathered in the month
of June from white clover, and it was fine.

Clarinda, Iowa.

A Consideration of Nectar and Honey

BY .\DRIAN GETAZ.

THE nectar gathered by the bees on the flowers, and
the fully ripe honey, are really two different things.
The nectar contains about three-fourths of its weight
of water, the remainder being sugars. Of these, the
largest part is cane-sugar — the same kind as constitutes
the white granulated sugar bought in the stores. The
others are like those found in the fruits and the corn
syrup — they are usually called inverted sugars. There is
also an excessively minute quantity of essential oils which
give the different kinds of honey their peculiar taste,
color, and, perhaps to a slight extent, odor.

On the other hand, the ripe honey contains only one-
fourth water, or about that proportion. And nearly all the
sugar is now inverted. A small proportion of mineral
matter, probably due to the pollen, is also found. Some
formic acid has also been added by the bees. To that
acid is due the peculiar taste common to all honeys, and
also its keeping qualities.

During the transformation a considerable change of
taste or flavor has taken place. The nectar has only an
insipid, indifferent taste. An eminent writer calls it a
"silly taste." The taste of the honey need not to be
described here, as all the readers of this paper know it.

900

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 28, 190S

The Transformation.

. There is no doubt that a part of the water contained
in the nectar is separated and rejected by the bees at once,
during the gathering and the time of going back to the
hive. Some analyses of the nectar gathered during the
day have shown such a large loss of water that there is
no doubt that a part of it must have disappeared before
reaching the hive. A few years ago a French apiculturist
undertook to feed his bees out-of-doors. He made a syrup
of sugar and water in about the same proportions as found
ill the nectar of the flowers, and placed the feeder at a
distance of about a hundred yards from the hives. The
ground and the grass over which the bees were flying was
wet all the time with the water ejected by the bees. That
water was tasteless, showing that a complete separati.in
had taken place. A report of the experiment is found in
the American Bee-Beeper for August, 1905, page 162 In
the early editions of the "A B C of Bee Culture," A. I.
Root states that when the bees were gathering nectar
heavily from a patch of honey-plants near by, he could
see, m the morning, by placing himself on the path they
were followmg, the ejected water as a kind of mist from
their bodies. Other cases have been observed.

During the following night the nectar is handled by
the bees; that is, they take it in their honey-sacs, and out
and in again, and finally deposit it in the cells. During
the process more water is eliminated, and formic acid and
probably other substances contained in the bees' saliva
are added. The honey is not ripe yet. Gradual changes
occur slowly under the influence of the heat of the hive,
and after some weeks, more or less, the nectar has become
honey. Its composition has changed completely; it now
contains only about one-fourth water, and nearly all the
sugar has been inverted. The consistency has become like
a syrup, while the original nectar was nearly as limpid
as water. The taste has become rich, sweet, and de-
lightful.

The Honey-Flow.

Important questions are, What are the atmospheric
conditions which produce a honey-fiow? What may be
the influence of the nature of the ground on the honey-
plants? or what other cause may exist?

There is no doubt that the richer the ground, and the
better adapted to the honey-producing plants, the more
nectar will be produced. The European writers sav that
more nectar is produced on limestone ground than on
others, excepting a few plants that do not prosper on
limestone land.

The temperature has a marked effect. Buckwheat, for
instance, will not yield nectar unless the nights are cool
On the other hand, the tropical plants require a very high
temperature. Each plant seems to do the best at a certain
temperature.

The most important condition for a heavy honey-flow
IS an abundant moisture in the ground. The plants are
constantly pumping water from the ground, most of it
having been absorbed through the leaves, some helping
to form the leaves, branches, fruits, etc., and the nectar.
When the supply of water begins to run short, the growth
of the plant is retarded, and soon the flow of nectar ceases.
Later the leaves begin to wilt during the day, but recover
during the night. If the drouth continues they fail to
recover, and finally the plant may die entirely, or at least
the portion above the ground.

When the effects of the drouth begin, the flow of
nectar occurs in the morning only, some time before
ceasing entirely. During the night no absorption of
moisture takes place, but the water contained" in the
ground continues to ascend. This, helped by what the
dews furnish, enables the plants to produce nectar for a
few hours in the morning. I have often seen the hives
almost empty of bees in the early part of the day and then
at perhaps 9 or 10 o'clock, or later, all the bees come back
and hang at the entrances in big bunches until night.

Some of the plants blossom only in the morning, and
their blossoms last in some cases only a few hours. Such,
of course, necessarily yield only in the morning.

• A cause of mistake is that the bees work in preference
on the flowers or other sources of sweet substances that
yield the most. Very often we read that such or such
plant yields nectar in a certain locality but not in another.
The probability is, at least in most cases, that there was
some other plant in one of the localities that yielded more
than the one considered.

Some plants require much less moisture than some
others to grow and produce nectar. Those with long
roots will resist the drouth much longer than those with
short roots, being able to reach whatever moisture may
remain deep in the ground after the surface has already
dried up completely. The trees will, of course, resist the
longest, and depend chiefly on the amount of water stored
up deep in the ground during the winter, while the plants,
especially those with short roots, depend on the summer
rainfall.

Honey-Dew.

All the honey is not gathered from the flowers. Some
of it comes from the juices of broken fruits; some from
the cider mills; some from the watermelon rinds thrown
away; some from the confectionery shops. Any sweet,
anything containing some sugar, inverted or non-inverted,
is gathered by the busy bees.

A _large portion is honey-dew. There are different
kinds of honey-dew. Some plants have, besides the nec-
taries in the flowers, some in other places, usually at the
base of the stems of the leaves. These extra-nectaries
produce a real nectar like that of the flowers. The pear-
trees, cotton, and cowpeas, are the most conspicuous
examples.

The real honey-dew is seen in drops on the leaves of
several kinds of trees, oaks, ashes, hickories, etc. Not
only the leaves but the ground around and under the trees
is sometimes completely bespattered with it.

It might be thought at first that the honey-dew is
secreted by the leaves themselves, but it is on the upper
surface only, and in drops here and there. If it was a
secretion it would be all over the leaves, since their
structure is the same all over. Again, if it was a secretion
it would reappear after the drop is wiped off, but it
doesn't, showing, therefore, that the drops have fallen on
them.

If we look at the under side of the leaves we will see
here and there some small green insects of the kinds
known as plant-lice or aphides. If now we climb the
trees we will find them by thousands on the young twigs
and new leaves about the top of the tree — enough of them
to account for all the honey-dew produced. At least that
is the report of all who have done any climbing.

It is not necessary to climb trees to see how the
honey-dew is produced. Plant-lice are found on many
plants and bushes. ■ Those on the rose-bushes are the
easiest to observe. With a cheap magnifying glass they
can easily be examined. They suck the sap of the leaves
and twigs with a tongue similar to that of the bees. This
sap constitutes their food, and what remains is ejected
through two tubes, situated at the other end of the body.
The quantity produced is astonishing. Bees of all sorts,
wasps and ants are seen helping themselves even to the
extent of sucking it from the ejecting-tubes.

Occasionally, some kinds of scales and other insects
are numerous enough to produce some kind of honey-dew.
This is usually of the worst quality possible.

The regular honey-dew from plant-lice is, in my
locality, at least, of tolerably fair taste. Its color is like
a light amber honey to which some ink might have been
added. It is much darker in some years than others. In
mountainous districts we get some honey-dew from the
firs and spruces. This is very white and has a strong,
resinous taste. This resinous flavor disappears in the
course of four or five months, in the sealed comb honey
as well as in the extracted.

Honey-dew contains only inverted sugars.

Knoxville, Tenn.

#

Work in the Apiary for January

BY C. P. DADANT.

THIS is the month when there is the least work in the
apiary. Our attention consists only in trying to keep
the snow from the alighting-board. Yet in the very
coldest weather we allSw it to remain there, even if it
obstructs the entrance, because it is a warming blanket
which intercepts the wind and permits the air to sift
through. I used to think that hives that were snowed
under were in danger of smothering. This opinion was
changed very materially when I visited the apiary of a
bo.x-hive bee-keeper some 25 years ago and found that his
hives were entirely lost in the snow. The location of

Dec. 28, IWS

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

901

some of them was indicated only by a slight elevation — a
sort of mound of snow. These hives were lying close to
the ground and the spot was well sheltered, so that the
snow had gathered there. It was a warm day and I
suggested to the owner that it might be well to give the
bees some air. We did, and I believe we did them more
harm than good, for many of the bees had a flight and
were lost. I do not think that they needed it. Their
hive was so well protected that they did not feel the
changes of temperature as they must have felt them after
we liberated them.

In our movable-frame hives, which are up from the
ground and have more or less upwards ventilation through
fissures in the cover, I believe that there is not the least
danger whatever of having the bees smothered by leaving
them buried in the snow, or by doing as one of our oldest
bee-keepers does — covering them up with snow, when it
is plentiful and the weather down to the zero mark.

He holds that the more they are sheltered by the
snow, the better they fare, and this is very probably cor-
rect as long as the cold days continue.

But there is a reverse to this. It is when the snow
melts and changes to ice. If the hive has no upward
ventilation or fissures through which air may enter, the
entrance and lower joints may be frozen entirely fast,
when the question of smothering would be a matter of
only a few days.

Again, if warm weather comes and the snow melts
oflf, it becomes necessary for the bees to take a flight.
They think so, at least, for they begin to worry and seek
the entrance. It is at this time that the cleaning oflf of
the snow from the entrance proves useful. If the hive is
sheltered with snow from all sides, but the alighting-
board is clean, the bees are sure to find a dry spot when
they come out.

But why not keep them confined when the snow is
on the ground? Well, you may try it if you choose, but
the trials we have made at confining bees on warm days
have always been disastrous. They fret and worry, and
if they are loaded with feces they are often compelled to
discharge them within the hive. We have concluded that
it was a mistake to confine the bees, even in snow-time,
if it is warm enough for them to fly. Yet, if they have'
not been long confined, and the snow is deep, and the
weather rather doubtful for a flight, they may be induced
to remain quiet by sheltering the hive from the rays of
the sun for the few warm hours. A very good plan, if
you use movable roofs over the top of the hives (and this
should be done), is to turn- the roof on edge, in front of
each hive for the time of their flight. This keeps the
sun's rays oflf and they will not worry. But if it is warm
enough for them to fly, and they insist on coming out,
then turn this roof completely over, on the snow, in front
of the alighting-board, and you will have a good dry spot
on which they may alight without settling down on the
snow, for the bee that alights on the snow in January,
unless it be an exceptional day, is seldom able to regain
its hive.

The prevention of mice is important. When the en-
trances have been worn to a sufficient size to admit of
mice, they may be reduced with a metal strip that will
cut the height of the entrance to about one-fourth inch.

The colonies in the cellar will keep quiet this month.
An occasional glance at them will indicate their needs.
Darkness, sufficient air, and an even temperature of about
40 degrees, will insure absolute safety. It is pleasant,
when the north wind is roaring during a cold January
night, to go down into the cellar and listen to the gentle
murmur of the bees, which will delight our ears again
next May by their hum, while they fly about the blossoms
and help the fertilization of our fruits. Hamilton, 111.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-page honey-
pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as
Food", written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to
" Honey-Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey ".
It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The
more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey
the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp; SO
copies for 70 cts, ; 100 for fl.25 : 250 for $2 25 ; 500 for 3W.00 ;
or 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of the front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Send all orders to the o£5ce of the American Bee Journal.

=^

(£onr>cntion
Procecbtn^s

Report of the Worcester Co., Mass.,
Conventions

«/

The Worcester County Bee-Keepers' Association be-
gan their w'inter series of meetings Nov. 11, 1905. The
first meeting of the season was of an informal nature, re-
ports from different bee-keepers in this vicinity being
heard.

The season was not, as a whole, a very profitable one.
The average amount of honey was about 30 pounds; 589
pounds was the largest amount reported, and that from a
small apiary. One of our heaviest bee-keepers works
almost entirely for increase, and does not aim to produce
much honey.

Only one bee-keeper reported any diseased brood, and
that from a district that has had trouble before.

The matter of holding an apiarian exhibition in the
near future was brought up and left in the hands of a
special committee.

James Wheeler was announced as a future speaker,
likewise Arthur C. JNIiller, of Rhode Island, who has
spoken to us several times before.

These topics were suggested as suitable ones for
future meetings:

"Honey, its composition, uses, and value as food,"
"History of bee-keeping from Greek and Roman times up
to the present date," "History and methods of artificial
increase," "History and methods of queen-breeding,"
"Anatomy and structure of the bee and relations to the
colony," "Bee tongue, its lengths and parts, and relation
to red clover," and "Methods and difficulty of wintering."

The following is ' something further concerning the
meeting of Nov. 11, 1905:

There is money in the production of wax. for pure,
unadulterated beeswax is in great demand, and jewelers
and people in many other lines cannot get along without
it, and will pay from 50 to 75 cents a pound for it gladly.
Not nearly the amount of beeswax consumed in this
country is supplied by bee-keepers of the United States,
and much of it comes from Mexico and the West Indies.

Much interest is being manifested by people of the
county in the keeping of bees and the production of wax,
and at the close of yesterday afternoon's meeting five new
members were admitted to the Association. These were
Fred Rich, S. H. Cheney, E. C. Putnam, C. H. Harris, and
Hon. Ledyard Bill.

The meeting was called to order by Pres. F. H. Drake,
of East Brookfield. It was well attended, between 40 and
50 members and guests being present. Charles R. Russell
was the speaker of the afternoon, and talked on

Wax, Its Discovery, Form.vtion, Uses, Adulterations, and
Proper Ways of Extracting.'

After his talk, Mr. Russell and Arthur C. Miller
showed how wax is extracted. Mr. Miller using a machine
of his own invention, while the speaker used the Ferris
wa.x extractor.

The lecturer also showed how pure wax is tested in
benzine and alcohol and water, having several jars and
bottles on exhibition.

' To make his statements regarding the great market
for w'ax even more emphatic. Mr. Russell read a letter
which he received from E. E. Phillips, acting in charge of
agriculture in the United States Department of .Vgriculture
at Washington. This was in answer to a letter written by
Mr. Russell, and was as follows:

"I am unable to give you an estimate of the amount of
beeswax produced in the United States annually, because
I have no information on which to base the estimate.
You may be interested, however, in knowing that in 1903
the importation into this country amounted to 488,576
pounds, valued at $127,220. Wax was imported to a large
extent from' Mexico and the West Indies, and the im-
portations for 10 years back show a very decided increase.

902

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 28, 1905

I am sorry that I can give you no information as to the
domestic production of wax.

"You may be interested in some things which were
found by the bureau of chemistry of this department.
Samples of comb foundation were examined from all over
the United States and no adulterations were found. How-
ever, three samples were received from Canada which
were not pure and, it is claimed, that a considerable por-
tion of the comb foundation used in Europe contains
paraffin or cerasin.

"Not long ago I was talking to the chemist who has
charge of the beeswax analysis in the bureau of chemistry,
and he said it was a very difficult matter to be perfectly
sure of adulteration in wax. He showed me a cake which
had every appearance of being pure beeswax and of a very
decided odor, which is so characteristic. He said that an
analysis of this showed that it was pure cerasin, and that
the odor had been given to it by the use of some chemical.
It contained absolutely no beeswax, but had a melting
pomt exactly the same as that of pure wax. All manner
of substances are used in adulteration, including not only
paraffin, cerasin, and similar waxes, but also such things
as starch.

"It is then certainly to the interest of bee-keepers to
watch this adulteration very carefully and to run down
all cases of adulteration that can be found, and thus
increase the value of pure wax, which now brings such a
low price."

It was announced that the committee appointed to
consider the apiarian exhibition had decided that next
fall would be the best time for such a fair. It will take
as long as that to complete all plans for such an exhibition.
Mr. Russell said in part: "I have often wondered why
someone did not volunteer to give us a little talk on wax,
and by wax I mean beeswax, not the vegetable production.

"Wax, you know, stands second to honey among bee-
products. Before I am through talking I am going to try
to show: First, what wax really is, when and by whom
discovered, how formed; second, mode of extraction; third
uses of wax; fourth, value of wax, amount produced, tests
for purity, and the like.

"First, what is wax? All bee-keepers and others per-
haps have watched the bees entering the hives with their
hind legs covered with large masses of colored matter
which we have learned from various sources was pollen
We have also noticed the different colors produced, most
generally some shade of yellow, or orange, although crim-
son, green, or even black, may be seen. This pollen was
considered by the ancients to be wax and was called by
Reamur, a French natural philosopher of the early part
of the thirteenth century, 'crude wax.'

"This opinion was overthrown by the discovery of a
French peasant in 1768 that the substance used in the con-
struction of a comb emanated from between the rings of
the abdomen. Even at this early date there were bee-
keepers associations, and I found that this peasant was a
member of one of these societies. The real discoverer of
wax, however, is disputed.

"In 1769 Francois Huber, a blind bee-keeper of France
assisted by a faithful servant, repeated the discovery of
the French peasant, and experimented in a manner that
has made his name famous.

"On the abdomen of the bee there are 12 plates 6 on
a side. I will quote from authority : "If the abdomen be
elongated there will appear extremely smooth and delicate
expansions upon which plates of greater or less size and
thickness may be discovered. These pale, yellow, tender
discs are 8 in number, 4 on a side. The contour of the
membranes determines the form of the wax scales which
are molded upon their surface as the secretion passed
from^ the glands beneath.'

"We have not come to the point where we are ready
to answer that important question, 'What is wax?'
Cheshire says: "Wax, like every secretion, vegetable or
mineral, is at first a liquid. It is derived from the blood
by cell-action, and then transuding the structureless mem-
branes, assumes the solid form of the scale.' He further
says: 'Wax is not chemically a fat, yet it is nearly allied
to the fat in atomic constitutions.'

"Langstroth says: 'Wax is a natural secretion which
is produced by bees, as cattle produce fat by eating The
first condition indispensable for bees to produce wax is to
have the stomach well filled.' Nearly all authorities tell
us that wax is formed after gorging or overeating

It takes about 24 hours for a bee's food to become
transformed into wax. It is more noticeable in young I

bees than old, working on the general supposition that it
is more difficult to fatten an old animal than a young one.

"These wax scales are so small and light that 100 of
them hardly weigh as much as a kernel of wheat. That
these scales also differ from the wax of the comb has been
readily shown. The scales are carried to the mouth of
the bee and there masticated with a salivary secretion,
imparting to it the quality of ductility.

"Two experimenters have stated that bees use about
7 pounds of honey to produce one pound of wax. You
can readily see, therefore, that feeding for wax is not
profitable.

"Under my second head, 'Mode of extracting wax,' I
can speak more from my own observations and experi-
ments. There are many ways and devices for extracting,
but the prime factor of them all is heat. The solar ex-
tractor, I thought at one time, was the best thing that
could be invented, but when a spare day came to me. and
that day was cloudy, and I had a lot of old comb on hand,
I concluded I must try something else. My solar ex-
tractor was made similar to all others. It is not suc-
cessful at all times in this climate, for the sun's rays are
not hot enough excepting for a comparatively short time.
There is another serious objection to the solar extractor.
You cannot use in it old comb filled with cocoons.

"The Ferris extractor has been a great help to me,
although the first time I used it I ran against two or three
snags. The Ferris consists of an outside boiler, an inside
basket and a screw press. One thing I like about the
extractor, you can put in a whole frame and clean it off
in a short time."

Mr. Russell stated that his principal objection to the
Ferris extractor was that one must take time if he wanted
to get the wax from the center. The invention of a new
extractor by Mr. Miller does away with that, and Mr.
Miller demonstrated hovy it worked.
Mr. Russell said further:
"Under my third head I am going to mention briefly
the principal uses of wax. Wax enters largely into the
make-up of candles. Several authorities state that the
Roman Catholic church prefers candles made of pure
beeswax, while one authority says: 'It is prescribed to
priests to use exclusively wax produced by bees.'

"The women are very familiar with waxed threads,
but there are so many adulterated pieces sold that they
wonder sometimes what they are using. Floors are pol-
ished with waxine or something that contains wax. Wax
also enters into ointments. Sculptors and painters have
a use for wa.x.

"Bee-keepers, of course, are at sea unless they have
wax for foundation starters for frames or sections. Nearly
every farmer uses wax; that is, if they do any grafting
at all. In many cabinet shops, in shops where wooden
patterns are made, pure wax is used to fill up cracks, cover
up screw-heads and preferred everywhere for finished
work. There are a thousands and one uses for wax, and
sometimes one is led to ask, Is wax second to honey?
Ought it not rather to be placed first in commercial
importance?

"Fourth and last, we have the value of wax, amount
produced, tests for purity, and the like. It is impossible
to get at the actual value and the amount of wax produced.
"There are several vegetable waxes used in adultera-
tions. Japanese wax is obtained from the small-stone
fruits of several species of rhus cultivated in Japan. This
rhus is akin to our stomach.

"Then there is the myrtle-berry wax, obtained from
the fruit of the myrica.

"Carnuba wax is an exudation on the surface of the
growing leaves of the carnuba palm, which flourishes in
tropical countries of America.

"Palm wax is also an exudation found on the stems
of two other South American palms.

"Other adulterations are: Parffin, a product of dis-
tillation of many organic substances.

"An American petroleum contains very little paraffin,
ceresin, a gummy substance, starch, tallow and other
greases. It is a matter of fact if you want to adulterate
anything, adulterants can be readily found.
(Continued from pa^e 883}

See Langstroth Book Offer on another pag-e of this
copy of the American Bee Journal.

Dec. 28, 19('S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

903

=\

(Dnv'>S\skv
BccKeepers

=^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Some Proper Questions for Sister Bee-Keepers
to Answer

If you were to meet one of the bee-keeping' sisters, what
are some of the things you would like to ask her, supposing
you thought it would not be considered impertinent ? Per-
haps something like this :

" How many colonies did you have last spring, and how
many in the fall ? How much honey did you get, and was
it comb or extracted ?"

You wouldn't think it impolite to be asked those ques-
tions, would you ? Well, suppose each- sister sends in the
answers. You may be sure it will make interesting read-
ing. As the advertisement writers say, " Do it now, before
you forget it."

Getting Unfinished Sections Emptied

On page 810 I noticed an item by one of our bee-keeping
sisters, stating that she could not get her bees to empty
honey-sections. Here is my experience :

I take the supers which have not well-filled sections
and place on top of the hive, next to the brood-frames, and
scrape or puncture the cappings, and you may be sure the
bees will empty the sections quick enough.

St. Ansgar, Iowa. (Miss) Annib KnuTSON.

Yes, that works well in many cases, but for some un-
known reason it can not be depended upon in this locality.
The bees will clean up the cells that are punctured, but
that's as far as they will go. Perhaps if they were scarce
of honey in the brood-chamber, the case would be different.
Thank you, all the same, for telling us about it.

Honey Drops

Blend '3 cup of extracted honey or rich maple syrup, 1
teaspoon butter, 1 egg, well beaten, -3 cup of flour, sifted
with '2 a teaspoon of baking powder and a pinch of salt.
Drop by teaspoons on a tin, and bake in a quick oven.
These proportions will make about 20 cakes. Icing may be
of maple or fondant. — Good Housekeeping.

Converting Wax-Scrapings into Marketable
Shape

How can I convert the wax-scrapings into marketable
shape ? I have a large quantity that I have accumulated
by scraping the sections (after removing the honey), and in
other ways. Mrs. C. D. Wiggin. ,

It is hard to get beeswax into anything but marketable
shape if you get it separated from the combs at all, for no
special refining is needed. Indeed, some comb-foundation
makers prefer to get it without any attempt at cleansing
such as is done with acid. If you have a large amount of
wax to render year by year, the best thing is to get a wax-
press. Probably, however, the amount you have would
hardly call for that outlay. A solar waxextuctor costs
much less, although it does not make as thorough work in
getting out the wax, especially with old, black combs. The
solar has the advantage, however, that you don't have to
trouble with any fire heat, the sun doing all the heating.
But, of course, it will work only in hot weather. Yoa can
make a solar extractor yourself, if you have any turn in
that direction. All that is needed is a box covered with
glass, and in it something to hold the combs to be melted,
with a vessel to catch the wax. Another plan that will
work any time of year is thus given in " Forty Years Among
the Bees."

" An old dripping-pan (of course a new one would do)

had one corner split open, and that made the extractor. The
dripping-pan is put into the oven of a cook-stove with the
split corner projecting out. The opposite corner— the one
farthest in the oven— is slightly raised by having a pebble
or something of the kind under it, so that the melted wax
will run outward. A dish set under catches the dripping
wax, making the outfitcomplete. Of course, the material to
be melted is put in the pan the same as in the solar extractor. "
It is well to have some water in the pan that catches the
wax, and if the shape of the cake of wax does not exactly
suit you, you can melt it over again in another vessel with
quite a little water in it. The vessel should be flaring out-
ward, so the cake of wax will come out easily, and the vessel
should not be iron, which will darken the wax, but tin or
some other substance. When the cake of wax has cooled
enough to be no longer liquid, but while yet pretty warm,
scrape from the bottom the impurities that have settled
there. Some wax will be scraped off with the rest, and this
can be melted over again.

Noted Sisters Interested in Bees

It is pleasant to note that among those prominent in
advancing the interests of bee-keepers are some of the sis-
ters in conspicuous positions. In England the Baroness
Burdett-Coutts has for a long time been looked up to as the
special patroness of bee-keepers, and in Austria the empress
is said to hold the same position. In our own country no
less a personage than Miss Helen Gould, it seems, has found
time to leave the care of her millions for a few days to look
after the interests of birds and bees. A belated item in the
papers gives it in this way :

"Miss Helen Gould has consented to visit Warsaw in
August as the guest of Col. Isaac Washington Brown, the
"bird and bee man " of Rochester. He has conducted a
campaign for the better treatment of birds and bees for
several years, and Miss Gould, who became interested in
him, has provided means for him to carry his work forward.
She will remain several days at Warsaw, conferring with
him."

Ctftcrtl^ougl^ts

=J

The " Old Reliable" as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Farmers and Bee-Kkeping.

H. C. Barnard, on page 79S, seems to figure irresistibly
that a farmer with 80 acres of land has only the absolute
right to keep 2 colonies of bees. Many farmers— even many
that don't want to keep a bee at all— would dislike to admit
that.

Second-hand Oil-Cans for Honey.

If I was a honey-buyer I should refuse to buy honey in
second-hand oil-cans at any price whatever. (Can be cleaned;
but practically many of them certain not to be.) If actual
buyers take the sameView, and I think some do, it behooves
us to protest the second-hand can serpent whenever and
wherever he raises his ill-smelling, greasy head. Vide page
796 This very writer "gives the practice away," if you
will only weigh his language closely.

Incidentally, it is interesting to learn that the railroads
and the Standard together make the people of Arizona pay
40 cents a gallon for 10 cent oil. Of course, two prices would
abundantly pay for transportation ; but human gr^ed and
what-you-goingto-do about-it can demand four prices. If
misery loves company, honey-men out there can console
themselves a little.

The Editor's Back-Yard Apiary.

Glad to see the Editor's apiary— for the Editor's sake.
And real nice, too— with that kind of niceness that does not
touch sensationalism anywhere. Page 801.'

About a L,adv Bee-Kbeper's Costume.

What a "dialogue" we should have (as the school chil-
dren phrase it) if we could boil down all the comments lady

904

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 28, 1905

readers will make on that costume which appears on the
face of No. 47 ! Possibly somewhat like that below :

Mrs. Blunt — I like it ; so there, now.

Mrs. Tartk — If that's a woman, I would rather meet a
man ; and if it's a man, I would rather meet a woman.

Miss Dublin — Jist yez kape away from there and ye
nadent mateeyther of them.

Miss Boston — A secret longing to get into trousers is,
I fear, at the bottom of it, rather than any real need of such
a garment.

Miss Edinburg — Whole nations of 7nen wear skirts
from choice ; and it really seems to me that women might
get along with theirs, if they tried intelligently, and with
no hankering for male attire.

Mrs. Binthbrk— When men wear skirts they mostly
don't wear them long, nor puffed out, nor exaggerated in
any way. I didn't know my apiary dress hindered me until
I was told. And Brother Bill says he would much rather
wear my rig than the one in the picture.

Mrs. Goodsoul — I keep away from bees. If I was
obliged to go among them I'd wear 'most anything in which
I could feel safe.

And the Afterthinker puts on wisdom like a garment,
and adds that lady bee-keepers have several lines of costume
open to them, according to personal inclination. One
course is to make the clothes they already have the basis,
and modify them as little (or as much) as is really needed.
Have the underclothes of firm material, and offering no
passes of Thermopylae for the enemy to march through.
Have a big pocket, or more than one — else a belt with dang-
lets. Have the skirts the opposite of full, and as short as
the proprieties seem to allow.

r.zi Another course is to have a special costume decidedly
different from that worn in the kitchen, and still not nearly
so revolutionary as the one shown. Room for lots of genius
and invention in this middle course.

Probably some would prefer to take man's suit exact,
neither less nor more, put it on after entering the apiary
and change before going away. This has the important
advantage that strangers passing by do not stare.

If you do choose the fourth course, and follow the
" pictur," how would it do to go a little further ? Sew two
big slippers to the bottom. From the knee up have them
enough fuller that moderate skirts could easily be tucked
in. Then don't take off the costume, but jump into them.
And when somebody threatens to heave in sight, jump out
of them again. Too warm some days — and — and — roaring
lions and escaped lunatics sure to pass by on the other side.

Aikin's Way of Controlling Swarming.

P^ So Aikin's favorite method of control is big room before
the flow, and shake the most of them just as the flow begins,
lyooks good. But he also masses his shaken swarms to
some extent, and that would hardly do for the strain of bees
I have at present. Page 805.

Graph-Puncturing and Birds.

I think past judgment about grape-puncturing was that
most is done by small, swift, sly birds, and just at the peep
of day, when few people (at that time of the year) have their
observation clothes on. This measurablj explains the in-
correct suspicion that it must be night-birds. Night-birds
all flesh-eaters and insect-eaters, I believe. But the spar-
row (seen to tear open bags and eat the grapes within)
seems to hold the first place in atrocity. Page 80S.

\=

=\

Canabian

Conducted by Morlet Pettit, Villa Nova, Ont.

Hershiser Bottom-Board

J

O. I/. Hershiser, of New York State, showed at the
Ontario convention at Toronto, a bottom-board which is
specially constructed for moving and wintering bees. It
consists of a box 3 or 4 inches deep, with wire-cloth in the
sides, and a block to close the front. For moving bees I
would not exchange it for the Holtermaan portico, as I con-

sider it too much machinery to carry under the hive, with
not enough advantage to make its use profitable.

Its great advantage in cellar-wintering is the deep space
for dead bees, and the fact that a live bee can not fall to the
floor with the dead one she is throwing out. It provides
the necessary bottom ventilation, and at first sight vould
be pronounced an excellent invention. But here is the
difiiculty : We find it is not practical to confine bees to the
hive while in the cellar. Weak colonies and nuclei may be
confined without serious loss. Though I doubt that. But
where strong colonies are so confined there are sure to be
some bees that fly to the screen, try to get out, and make
noise enough to rouse the whole cellar. This is no theory,
but has been proved in my experience.

Bee-Keeping as a Business

The following from an old Farmer's Advocate is apropos
the subject of studying and mastering one's business :

" We of ten hear bees are an interesting study. They
certainly are, and the more we study the more interesting
they become — and the more profitable. There's the point.
While few succeed in a distasteful occupation, not many are
in business for reasons other than the desire for board,
clothes and extras.

"The diffiulty with bee-keeping is that it is not taken
seriously enough. The idea is held and taught by all ex-
cept the few who know differently, that bees are no trouble
at all, and every one should have a few in the garden.
What is the result ? The honey market is in the condition
in which the butter market was a few years ago — crowded
with inferior goods put up in miserable shape. Those who
see honey at our leading exhibitions, and then contrast it
with what is taken in " trade " and sold by dealers gen-
erally, will appreciate this.

" Progressive bee-keepers welcome others to their ranks,
if these new men give promise of being equally progressive.
Those entering upon any new undertaking must carefully
count the cost, else they fail. The financial expense in this
case is practically nothing, and after the first cost the bees
should, of course, pay their way or get out.

"Then there is the pasture. Twenty-five colonies to
the square mile is probably the outside limit for average
localities in Ontario in average years. Now consider care-
fully that the heavy work in bee-keeping comes at precisely
the same time of year and day as in general farming. If
the farmer or his son can spare time to produce a No. 1
grade of honey, he will be well repaid ; if not, he would bet-
ter let bees alone."

Bisulphide of Carbon for Fumigating- Combs

"A York County Bee-Keeper " tells in the Canadian
Bee Journal about using 5 ounces of bisulphide of carbon in
a box holding 600 Quinby combs. He says :

"About Oct. 10, an article appeared in the American
Bee Journal from the pen of that well-known apiarist, Mr.
F. Greiner, of New York, in which he stated his preference
for sulphur instead of the bisulphide, on the grounds that
such large quantities of the latter had to be bought to be
effective. Mr. Greiner said that it was estimated that one
ounce of the drug was necessary for every cubic foot to be
fumigated. According to that, the big box of combs should
have had more pounds than I had used ounces, so it was
with some trepidation that I hastened to have a look for
(possibly) moths and grubs galore. However, an examina-
tion showed everything to be in splendid condition ; not an
egg had developed since I had last looked at the combs in
August, and the grubs that were then present were all dead
and as black as tar. Surely, the bisulphide on the other
side of the line must be adulterated nearly as badly as those
basswood hams we used to hear of. No, thank you, as long
as 5 ounces of bisulphide of carbon will effectually fumi-
gate 600 combs, I have no use for sulphur and its sickening
fumes."

To this Editor Craig adds this comment :

" We think Mr. Greiner can not have used the drug
properly, else he would have had better results. We must
remember that the fumes of the bisulphide of carbon are
heavier than the air, and therefore their tendency will be
to descend or fall. The drug must, on that account, be
placed above the combs, and in a broad, shallow vessel of
some sort, giving as much surface as possible for rapid

Dec. 28, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

905

evaporation. Then, again, the fumigating box should be
as air-tight as possible to prevent the fumes escaping,
although we have had very satisfactory results from simply
piling the extracting supers with combs, one above another,
seven or eight high, and placing a saucer with 3 or 4 ounces
of the bisulphide inside a rim on the top, and covering all
with a hive-cover. The stuff is cheap — is sold ordinarily at
10 cents a pound — so that there should not be much tempta-
tion to adulterate it."

=^

Doctor 2TIilIcr'5
Question '- Sox

Send questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

=/

Three-Frame Nucleus and Queen

1. If I buy a 3-frame nucleus with queen, can I have the
queen's wing clipped by the one from whom I buy ? If so,
will she come through with the nucleus all right ? Can I
thus secure a queen that will be in breeding condition ?

2. Will a 3-frame nucleus give me any surplus honey
the first year? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Most assuredly. A clipped queen will
stand the journey just as well as an undipped one, and will
do just as good work afterward. Some shippers prefer to
clip before sending, one reason for it being that a beginner
sometimes buys a queen and tries to introduce her where
another queen is present. The new queen is killed, and
when the young bees hatching out show the wrong color
the purchaser thinks he has been swindled, whereas the
shipper was not at all to blame. If the new queen is clipped
he will know she was killed when he finds a queen with
whole wings.

2. Maybe, and maybe not. If you get it tolerably early,
and the season is good, and especially if there is a good fall
yield, you ought to get some surplus honey.

Running Out-Aplarles and Managing Swarming

I want to run three bee-yards, but can't do it with all of
them swarming all the time. All the increase I would want
would be one swarm from each strong colony. I thought of
seeing the bees about once in 10 days. If they swarmed I
would take a new hive with one-half inch starters of brood
foundation in the frames and set it on the stand of the old
hive, taking out a frame with the queen from the old hive
and putting it into the new one, and also shake part of the
bees off in front of the new hive ; then put the old hive in
another place for a day or two, and give it a sealed queen-
cell or a queen. What do you think of this plan ? Will the
bees do any good in that way ? Will they store honey ? If
my plan is not a good one, please tell me what you would
suggest for running an out beeyard where one can not be
there all the time. Missouri.

Answer. — Yes, your plan will work, for it is practically
the shake-swarm plan used by so many. You will find,
however, that if you fill the frames half full of foundation
you will have an undesirable amount of drone-comb. If
you don't want to fill all the frames with foundation, instead
of filling each frame half full, it will be better to fill half the
frames full and put only shallow starters in the others.
Give at first the frames with starters, for the bees are likely
to build worker-comb at the start, and then when they have
those frames filled, add the frames that are filled with foun-
dation.

*-»-^

Full Sheets or Starters of Comb Foundation in Sections

and Brood-Frames- Oilcloth or Super-Cover

in Winter

1. What grade of foundation do you use for frames and
for sections? I used a few frames the past season, and 6
sheets weigh one pound. Next season I expect to get 30
hives more, and want to use full sheets of foundation, and

would like to know if lighter sheets would do as well as the
heavy grade.

2. Will bees winter as well in the cellar with oilcloth on
as they would with a super-cover without oilcloth and no
super ?

3. If I put in each hive 4 or S frames with starters, the
rest full sheets, and 3 or 4 days afterward take out the full
sheets so the starters will be filled with worker-comb, where
should the starter frames be placed, in the center or at one
or both sides of the center, when the full sheets are returned?
I like full sheets; that does away with a lot of tramps
(drones), but it costs a good price for foundation, so if any-
thing more in this line you can give would be thankfully
received. New York.

Answers.— 1. For sections, thin super. I haven't
bought any brood foundation for some time, but have used
heavy brood and medium brood. The weight of foundation
for brood-frames depends chiefly upon the support given.
If no wires or foundation splints are used, it should be very
heavy. Well supported by wires or splints, there seems no
reason why something quite light would not do ; and the
thinner the foundation the less it costs to fill a frame.

2. Probably yes, although in a cold cellar the cover
without oilcloth might be better.

3. In the center if not wholly filled ; if filled it doesn't

matter.

. ♦-•-»

Questions Concerning Winter Conditions

Are any of the following eight statements untrue? If
so, which, and why ? They concern winter conditions :

1. In a painted hive in good repair there will be no large
openings except the entrance, and the bees will always so
completely propolize all cracks as to make the hive wind-
proof, water-proof, and light-proof, except at entrance.

2. A telescope cover, which is merely a sheath of some
sort, and not made air-tight around its bottom edges, can
not be said to furnish a dead-air space around a hive, since
the wind will blow up underneath somewhat, and heat from
the walls of the hive, if these walls have any heat, will
cause a current of changing air in the air-space, and if the
walls have no heat the air-space would be useless. The only
advantage of such covering will be to break the force of the
wind against the upper part of the sides and over the top of
the hive, and, by preventing rapidity of wind currents, will
reduce the rate at which will be removed the heat of the top
of the wooden walls and the top of the hive, if they have any
heat.

3. As wax is a non-conductor, or poor conductor, of
heat, a comb of bees conveys practically no heat along its
edges, supports, or parts of contact of the comb or frame to
the hive-walls. The hive-body, therefore, has no heat de-
rived from the contact with the frames.

4. As the cluster in winter covers only half the frame-
space, the walls of the hive are too far removed from the
cluster to derive heat directly from the cluster of bees.

5. The air below the cluster and around the outside
combs containing the cluster is practically identical with
the temperature of the outdoor air.

6. The air above the cluster contains some heat radiated
and rising from the cluster, and is lost by transmission to
the cover or top.

Therefore — (a) Protecting the sides and bottom of the
hive-body has no direct effect on the heat of the cluster.

(4) Protecting the top of the hive prevents the top los-
ing the heat arising from the cluster.

{c) A telescope cover protecting more than the top, and
the quarter inch space above the frames is useless, and since
it prevents quick action of the sun on the hive-walls in
temporarily or slightly sunshiny days, thus interferring
with the warming-up and drying-out process, such telescope
cover is a damage, not an aid, to the bees.

7. The end to be sought is to keep the cluster as dark
and quiet as possible until the heat of the outside air pene-
trates through the entrance and rouses the bees; also to
keep the air in the hive as quiet as possible without stop-
ping suitable ventilation. Could not this be best accom-
plished by a full-width summer entrance covered entire, ex-
cept one-quarter of an inch at one side for egress, with fine-
mesh screen <o keep out mice, and, on warm days, robber-
bees, said screen being backed by one thickness of burlap
cloth, thus eliminating largely the effects of the wind and
light, and rapid change without stopping slow ventilation ?

Conclusion : Should not telescope covers and chaff
hives be discarded for wintering, merely covering the top

906

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 28, 190S

of the hive and the first inch of the sides, and using porous
cloth at the full-width entrance ?

8. The foregoing- is all based on the statement recently
printed in italics, that "The air within the hive and sur-
rounding the cluster is very little higher than that outside
the hive." Has any experiment proved this statement, or
is it an assumed fact? Indiana.

Answer. — You are getting things down pretty fine, and
I don't know enough to be any too positive about some of
them, but I can at least say how they look to me.

Statement 2 maj or may not be true, according to the
difi^erent interpretations put upon it by different persons.
Some will read it through, and then add a there/ore som&-
thing like this (and I rather understand that to be your
therefore, too) : Therefore, any part of a telescope cover
more than an inch below the top has no practical effect in
keeping a hive warm. While it is true that so long as the
telescope cover is open below there is no dead-air space, yet
there is an approximation, and such a cover is quite different
from leaving a hive entirely uncovered, just as stock will
discover the shelter of a clump of trees or bushes in a cold
wind.

Statement 5. I think that if you will put a thermome-
ter in a hive, you will find that the air in the hive is quite a
bit warmer than that outside during zero weather.

Statement 6 will -hardly hold. It says practically that
DO heat is lost from the cluster except that which is lost by
radiation directly upward. Doesn't heat always radiate
equally in all directions ? Neither is radiation the only
means by which the heat of the cluster is lost. The likeli-
hood is that very little heat is lost by radiation compared
with that lost by convection, and convection affecs the

lower part of the cluster at least as much as it does the
upper part.

You say that the outside wall prevents the heat of the
sun from getting in during warm days. Aren't you just a
bit in danger of clashing with yourself there ? For if the
outside wall is a bar to the passage of heat inward on a
warm day, is it not equally a bar to the passage of heat out-
ward on a cold day 7

Is there not just a little bit of clash between statements
7 and 6 ? In 7 you want the cluster to remain quiet until
the heat of the outside air penetrates "through the en-
trance," while in 6 you apparently want it to penetrate
through the walls of the hive, for you say the telescope
cover interferes with warming up.

Your scheme of closing the entrance with wire-cloth
and burlap might work all right, only wouldn't there be
danger that a quarter-inch entrance-hole would get clogged
with dead bees ?

Statement 8 is just a bit indefinite, the expression,
" very little higher," being so elastic that one person might
understand it to be many degrees more than another. Yes,
the French scientist, Gaston Bonnier, and perhaps others,
have told us just what difference there was between the
temperature in and out a hive, but I can not give the figures.
Of course they would vary according to conditions, and you
can try it as well as any one else. At any rate, there is so
much difference that it would hardly be safe to conclude
that the walls of a hive are of no value in the way of protec-
tion.

I believe you are quite right that it is of more conse-
quence to protect well above, but as to the rest — well, I
don't know.

Some Ooofl GluDDing Oilers

A good many subscriptions to the American Bee Journal should be renewed
at once. We wish to call special attention to the clubbing offers below, which
we are sure will commend themselves. The American Bee Journal one year
and your choice of one of the following:

BOTH FOR

No. 1 — Dr. Miller's " Forty Years Among
the Bees" (Ijook alone, SI. 00) $1.75

No. 2— Prof. A. J. Cook's "Bee-Keeper's
Guide," (book alone, S1.20) 2.00

No. 3— Dadant's " Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee," (book alone, *1.20) 2.00

No. 4— Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-
Rearing," (cloth bound) bookalone,$l. 1.75

No. 5 — Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-
Rearing," (leatherette bound) book
alone, 75c 1.50

No. 6— A Standard-Bred Untested Italian
Qaeen, next May or June (Queen
alone, 75c) 1.50

No. 7 — " Novelty Pocket-Knife " with
your name and address on it (knife
alone, $1.25) 2 00

No. 8—" Wood Binder," for holding a
year's numbers (binder alone, 20c) 1.10

No. 9—" Emerson Binder," (stiff board)
binder alone, 75c 1.50

BOTH FOR

No. 10— Monette "Queen-Clipping De-
vice," (Device alone, 25c) |1.10

No. 11 — Newman's " Bees and Honey,"
(cloth bound) book alone, 75c 1.50

No. 12 — Newman's "Bees and Honey,"
(paper bound) book alone, 50c 1.30

No. 13— Root's "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
(book alone, S1.20) 2.00

No. 14— A Gold Fountain Pen (Pen alone

$1.25) 2.00

No. 15 — "The Honey-Money Stories,"
(book alone, 25c) 1.10

No. 16— Maeterlinck's "Lite of the Bee,"
(cloth bound) book alone, |1.40 2.25

No. 17 — 3 Bee-Songs — " Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom," '-Buck-
wheat Cakes and Honey," and "The
Bee-Keepers' Lullaby," (each 10c or
3 for 25c) 1.10

No. 18-50 copies " Honey as a Health-
Food," (alone, 70c) 1.50

Send all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Deapborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Nebraska: — The annual meeting of the
Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held on Wednesday, Jan. 17, at 2 p m., at
the Experiment Station Building of the Ne-
braska State Farm, at Lincoln, Neb. The
meeting will be of interest to all bee-keepers.
E. Kretchmer. of Iowa, will read a paper on
" Bees and Fruit;" H. F. Smith, Assistant in
Department of Entomology of the University
of Nebraska, will read a paper entitled, " The
Relation of Robber-flies and the Honey-Bee."

A general discussion will give all present an
opportunity to discuss subjects of interest.
Lincoln, Neb. Lillian E. Trester, Sec.

Colorado.— The Colorado State Bee- Keep-
ers' annual convention will be held in the
Chamber of Commerce Building, Denver, Jan.
30, 31, 1906. This will be during " Farmers'
\Veek," when many farmers' organizations
will be in the city holding conventions. We
are assured of low railroad fares from all
points of the State. We are planning for our
usual good convention. R. C. Aikin, Sec.

Loveland, Colo.

Reports anb
(Sxpcrtcnces

Very Poop Honey-Year

This has been a very poor year with us — in
fact, the poorest since we began in the l)ee-
business, and that was in the early '90's. No
nectar in flowers and millers make a bad
combination for a bee-keeper.

Dexter, Mich. K. H. Whbblbr.

Good Ppospeets in Cuba

Up to this date the honey crop in Cuba has
been very good. Aguinaldo is a wonderful
bloomer. Good colonies have already given
150 pounds of extracted honey.

Palacios, Cuba, Dee. 10. M. C. Engle.

Mops Black than Italian Drones

I notice considerable discussion lately about
pure Italian bees sporting, or going back to
blacks. One writer thinks that blacks are
swifter on the wing; but even that will not
account for it all. In my opinion they have
not found the right solution yet. One of my
neighbors, with 6 or S colonies, rears more
drones than I do with 50 colonies, and they
are just the ones that always have black
bees.

A modern bee-keeper reduces the drone-
comb to the minimum, but the farmer bee-
keepers hive a host of drones. The old queen
is hived in an empty box or an empty modern
hive, and it he helps any it is the second
swarm. I have rendered a good many box-
hives of combs for small bee-keepers this fall,
and it is surprising: the amount of drone-
comb I found. A slipshod bee-keeper rears
more drones in a few colonies than a good
bee-keeper in a hundred. Irving Long.

Marceline, Mo.

Dead Wrong About the Spappow

Mr. Editor:— I have been reading about
the bees doing so much damage to grapes,
in the American Bee Journal. Well, any red.
headed man can see the absurdity of such a
statement. That sparrows will gladly siplhg

Dec. 28. 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

907

GROCERIES

AT

WHOLESALE

PRICES

FREE

This catalogue will
save yt)u numey on
ymir grocery supplies.

-FREIGHT PAID-

What do your groceries cost you a year? Will you buy them
of us if we can prove that we will save you from lU per cent to
20 per cent and pay the frei<jht^ That certainly is an amnunt
worth saving; it is worth the trouble of asking for the proof,
tietour large Grocery List and c^)njpare our prices with what
yoQ have been paying. Then put us to a greater test— send
us a trial order and compare the goods and the prices. If
we do not save you big money, send the goods back at our
expense. The grocery bill is the biggest part of the family
erpenses. We will cut it almost in the middle and guarantee
everything we sell. We can do this because we buy in
immense quantities — carloads and trainloads — and we give
you the benefit of our ability to buy cheap; in fact we can
sell to you at just about the figure your local dealer would
have to pay. We save you his prnftt and ttie/rfi((/t( besides.

To save still another 10 per cent, become a
member of the Co-operative Society of the
National Supply Co. Well tell you how to get

this extra 10 per cent discount, if you will write
for full information. An easy way to make money.

If you want to save money get our catalogue and learn Just how cheap you can buy groceries
from us. Catalogue is ready and lists everything in the grocery line. We send it Jri-e.

Co-operative Society of the National Supply Co., Lansing, Mich, and Chicago, III.

American Bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnlfe
Gold Fountain Pen

AH
for

$2.75

Worker

Qaeen

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife. )

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on tbe other side.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. Ji will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife?— In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it ; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pockkt-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of tbe accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knile. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year— both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled. )

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally, we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable ia
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.35 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
Drone "^^^ Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler. ;; si^e

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

1^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
for 20c; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK S CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

nectar from the broken berries is no doubt
correct, and no wonder, but that is not the
question that sends such a glow under my
linen collar.

In deprecating the statement regarding the
bees immediately follows a cold-blooded accu-
sation against the "sparrow pest." Now,
that is not the s(/imre deal 1 am accustomed
to find in the usually considerate American
Bee Journal. I feel this is an oversight—
don't believe the Editor was at home when
the poor birds were called hard names. The
little sparrow has a hard row to hoe, at best,
without bearing the stings of malice heaped
upon it by inconsiderate persons who con-
stantly instigate their persecution and death.
Let us all carefully investigate and give the
little fellows a fair show. What have they
done? tJreatgood and but little harm, the
latter only incidentally, as we all do. If the
millions— nay, billions of insects which the
sparrows destroy every year were allowed to
mature and bear their kind, life would long
since have been a hideous nightmare, and
vegetation a thing of the past.

It is within my easy recollection when East-
ern parks were made desolate by myriads of
what are known as " inch worms " — the little
caterpillar that fed so ravenously upon the
leaves of the elms in particular, and all other
trees in general. How they spun from ground
to tree-tops in thousands, having a special
predilection for resting on the fair, bare
shoulders of the ladies reposing under the
shade of some monarch trees. Soon the dames
arose and left in disgust.
i Since the considerable introduction of Mr
and Mrs. Sparrow, you can sit in the parks
I all day with never a vision of the crawly

things.
I Fate has ordained it that every long-eared
amateur must dwell upon the vicious nature
of everything living, of which they know
little or nothing. What they do not know is,
of course, not worth considering. Could they
but think and observe they might have
divined the real purpose sparrows have of
pecking into fruit— not wantonly to destroy
it, but to find the luscious little worm that is
snugly nestling in that grape, or that peach,
or that curculio-punctured plum. Just as the
"yaller hammer" thrusts his strong bill to
the core of a red-cheeked apple for the codling
grub in its seed-bed, or as the robin steals off
with the early-matured cherry, with its fat
little wiggler waiting to develop and take its
fiight, 60 does Mrs. Sparrow persistently in-
vestigate for opportunities to find Palmer
House fare for her ravenous fledglings. How
can the birds help doing some harm in their
effort to do great good?

By all means give the boys a chance to
study bird-life around them, that they may
learn of the beauty and usef uless cf the birds
they try to destroy because of the ignorant
superstitions acquired from those whose op-
portunity for truthful study has been denied
them. Em Dee.

Chicago, 111.

FRUIT BOOKS FREE

Send your name and address at nnce and
yuu will receive by return nutU sample
e.ipies oC the I!Ksr FnuiT Patkr and full
paitienlara ah.jiit the '■Bro, Jonathan
b nut Books,'' « hieli may be t^t-t-ured free.

FRUIT-GROWER COMPANY

"U.! SoUTU ,Iil STREET, ST. JUSEPH.'MO,

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bnt 75 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.50. It Is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-
sary.

QEOROB W. YORK & CO.,
334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

908

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 28, 1905

A $4.00 Clock for $3.50

Witmiie Weekly flmerlcan Bee Journal 1 year— all tor only $3.

Ought
to be
in the
Home
of every
Bee-
keeper
In the
Land

THE BEE=HIVE CLOCK

Only $2.50, f.o.b. Chicago, by express. Weight, with packing, about 4 lbs.
Ready for delivery Dec. 15.

We have had made specially for our readers, a bronze-metal Clock, called " The Bee-
Hive Clock." It is about 8 inches wide at the base, about 10 inches high, and deep enough
at the base to stand firmly on a mantel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of work, and would
be both ornamental and very useful in any house, and particularly in a bee-keeper's home.

The clock part itself is warranted for 3 years to keep good time. So it is no plaything,
but a beautiful and needful article for everybody.

Clocks like " The Bee-Hive Clock " usually sell in the stores at from §4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in large quantities enables us to offer them at .53.50 each by ex-
press, or with the Weekly American Bee Journal a year— both for only $3.00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

Here is something that surely is appropriate for
bee-keepers— " The Bee-Hive Clock." Better get your order in quick— first come first served
out of the first lot of Clocks.

It^°" Sample copy of the Weekly American Bee Journal free.

Send all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Deapborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

How to Get " The Bee-Hive Ciocli " FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the Weekly American Bee Journal for one year, at
$1.00 each, and we will send you this beautiful " Bee-Hive Clock " FREE (excepting express
charges). Or, send us 4 New Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and 50 cents — $4.50 in all. Or,
3 New Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and .$1.00— $4.00 in all. Or, 3 New Subscribers(at

$1.00 each) and $1.50— $3.50 in all.

87 1 Percent Saved

In mortality to those insured in the

TOTAL ABSTINENCE DEPARTMENT

-OF-

I

*^ Security Mutual Life Insurance Company ^

Each Policy Holder is entitled to a Bond issued by the
National Total Abstinence League.
YOU may hold a policy and BOND.
General and special agents wanted. Address,
3D23t A. S. RENNIE, Mgr., 614 Marquette BIdg., Chicago, III.

•▼▼▼

Mention Bee

Journal ivhen

▼ ▼▼▼▼
nrltlng.

"»"▼''▼'

t

i

Flem Mention the American Bee Journal IdKiti'^'

BEE- BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BT

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C Miller. — This look contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, ¥1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual 01 the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.30.

Liangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Boot. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Boimd in cloth. Price, $1.30

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
'Jound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 35 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Honrard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience
Price, 30 cents.

Farm itne\ ^tnrh- ■' "" '"ue'rated monthly
1 tlllll dllU OIUCK jiiaeazine in the lntt.r,^?t of
Corn Breeding. Cultivation and
Live Stock. Price gl a year, lait tor

ashort time will be sent a year on

trial for lUc and names of' ten famiei-s wlio tjrow corn.

Farm & Stock, 228 Charles, St. Joseph, Mo.

Dec. 28, 190S

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

909

THIS PRIDE KINGt

HEATING STOVE

This is positively the lowest price ever made
for a genuine Oak Heater, fully guaranteed or
money back. PRIDE KING has a draw cen-
ter grate, corrugated cast iron fire pot, sheet
steel body, heavy cast base and heavy cast
front with large front door hung on double
hinges, heavy cast swing top, heavy cast ring
at joining of body and fire pot, large cast ash ^^^^^^^
pit door, two screw draft regulators, and is ^^^^^^^
the only stove of its kind supplied with an ash
pan. The $3.90 price is for stove with wood grate: coal prate
10 cents additional, making a powerful heater that will
burn wood, hard or soft coal. A beautiful stove, full
nickel trimmed, as shown in cut. Write for it today-
it's the best stove bargain of the season.

FREIGHT
PAID

Ask us how vou can save $100 to $250 a year on your
household supplies. Others are doing it, why not you?
Tne plan is simple— you eret 10 per cent discount on
everi'thing' you buy. write today for information.

Our l.OOO-paee Free merchandise catalog: has hun- ^^j
dreds of stove snaps you can't find anywhere else. \j.jW„'
Write for it NOW: it will save you money every day. ^ W
Co-Operativ« Society of the National Supply Co., Lansing, MIcti., Chicago •)> '^■'

California

All
About

The Paoiflc Rural Press has been a house-
hold word throughout California for 35 years.
It is authority on all matters regarding the
soil or products of California. Weekly, illus-
trated: Edited by practical specialists. Two
Dollars per year. Send for sample copy.

Pacific Rural Press,

330 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif.
50Atf Please mentioti the Bee Journal.

wo areai \z oj g mojj ^sut pny.

o ^no o£) aaABiji

a

Pat'd I8I8, >ii, 'Ui 6i 18US '

Otisville, Pa., Jan. 18, 1904.
Dear Sir:— I have tried almost everything In
the smoker line; 3 in the last 3 years. In short
if I want any more smokers your new style Is
good enough for me. I thank the editor of Re-
view for what he said of it. Those remarks In-
duced me to get mine. Fred Fodner.
Mention Bee Journal when irrltln^.

TELEPHONE FACTS

We publish a linely illustrated book that is
full of telephone facts. It tells all about
teleiihoncs for farms, the kind to use,
how to organize a farm telephone company, how
to build the lines and where lo buy the best
telephones. Free if you ask for Book SO-i'.

Slfomberg-CarlsonTel.Mfg.Co.. Chicago. Rochgstar.H.Y.

The Best Fruit Paper

is The Fruit-Grower, published monthly nt St. Joseph,
Mo. The regular subscription price is a dollar a year
but if you will write for free sample copy and mention
this paper, you will receive a iiropositinn whi'ivby
you may secure it one year WITHOUT Ct >8T. Evci-y
one who has a few fruit trees or a garden, should read

ST UOSCPH. MISSOURI

Every issue is handsomely illustrated and from 32 to
W pu^es a month aie filled with interesting matter per-
" taining to fm it-growing and garden-

ing. The first four issues of 1906 will be
handsome special nunibei-s devoted to
the follo'wing subjects: Januarj', The
lloi-tifultural Societies; February.
Spraying; MaiTh, Gardening; April,
Small Fruits. Any one of these num-
bers will be worth a doUarto you. We
publish the "Brother Jonathan St-ries"
TRAi»K MARK of fruit books. Send your name and
Bro. JuN-^tuaN learn how to secure these books free.

Fruit-Grower(S..l07S. 7th. St. Joseph, Mo.

Mention Bee Journal n'hen nrriting.

Langstrothonthe
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Badant & Son.
Sach subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for SI .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for 12.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
oc work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334.Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILI.

Trees, Plants & Seeds

■' THAT GROW v'^x*,,.^

Best quality. Goi.nJ buar-^^^' ov'^'^'^^^ted
era. Low prices. Apple v'^^ajO ^\^^ e e d _
■Ic; Pluraand Cherry/lOi»^_<*v^verv cheap.
130; Peach 4c; all >^*»*%d,>^ f'l'BiKlit paid
budded; Con-^X^X \e%/<>n trees. Cata-
cord Orapes^^^^^iOV/ loj^ue, Enjjlish or
2c; F(irest>^^j^'V,0O^Gernian, free. Write
^f.>r ir tiKlav. Address
,r.., ^ i*',^-^ GERMAN NtJRSERIES,
.luoo^ V 05^ Box 30 Beatrice, Meb.

mention Bee Journal when wrltlugr.

Glass Jars for UoDey

We can 6hip by return ft-eight at the
following prices :

J., -lb. Tip-Top .fars— case of 24 doz., $8.00;
3 cases, $33.00.

%-\h. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 14 doz., for
$5.25; 3 cases for $15.

1-Ib. Tiptop Jars— 1 case of 12 doz., for $5;
3 cases for $14.

Hand.^ Comb Foundation Mill

We have for sale a 6-inch Second-Hand
Comb Foundation Mill. Used scarcely any;
good as new. If interested write for price.

50 boxes good Sad-hand ogal. Tin Cans, 3
in a box — 10 boxes for $4 00.

When sending for sample jars include 15
cents each to cover postage, etc

YORK HONEY l^«p«EE CO.

(Not incorporated)
141 Ontario Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
strnctible, and trlvlng entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb fonodatioo made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of bnylne
from the dealers. Price of Press, tl.SO-caab
with order. Address,

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

. ^■^•^- Goodner, of this State, writes me that
he 'prefers to pay $25 for a Rietsche Press than
do withont it."— A. G.

Do You Want a South Dakota Paper?

Tells of great land values, ol business op-
poitnnities, of a State where mare railroad
building is going on than in any other State

Union' South Dakota Farmer sLd

every week. Price, $1 per year.

SPECIAL OFPER-Send this ad with 35
cent.s for a Tear's subscriotioa. Add'ess
SOUTH DAKOTA FARMER. SiouxPalls.S D.

SlAlOt

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wb Sbll Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time ani?
freight. Beeswax Wanted (or Cash.

M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

MountUnionGoileoe

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class reputation. IS
Instructors. Alumni and stndents occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COLJiEGK,
Alliance, Ohio.

1^

Fi'rnanu'.'? and P. O.
• ! 1.) fiirmer.s anil 1.5c

will. send for 2,vrs. the Farmer's CaVf-'rec""autf
price .lOc a year. P.O. is a wkly.. Ta \rs.M, 1,300
pages a yr. Sample free. Parmer's Call.Quincy, lu.

85c for 15 NAMES

910

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Dec. 28, 1905

" If Goods are wanted Quick, sead to Ponder "

BEE-SUPPLIES

Roots Goods at Root's Prices

Everything- used by BeeKeepers. ^fa

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. W

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .-. Catalog Free. «^

If yon wish to purchase finest quality of HONEY for your local trade, write for my ^

free monthly piice-list of honey. ^jfe

Why not secure your BEE-SUPPLIES NOW FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE, and avail ^

yourself of the following uery liberal discounts? Goods all Root Quality. «»

For cash orders before Dec. 1.8 percent I For cash orders before Feb. 1.6 percent ^

For cash orders before Jan. 1.7 percent I For cash orders before Mar. 1.. 4 percent '^

For cash orders betoi e Apr. 1.2 percent ^jgj

WALTER 8. POUDER, 1

513-515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Wisconsin Basswood Sections

And Prompt Shioments

Is what we are making for our customers.

— DOVETAILED HIVES AND SHIPPIING-CASES

We carry a full line of SUPPLIES. Ask for Catalog.
^ THE riARSHFIELD HANUFACTURINQ CO., Harshfield, Wis. ft

Mention Bee Jonrnal Trhen Trrlting:.

NO MORE LOST LETTERS

If joa take advaatag^e of the offer we make to furnish you beautifully Printed
Stationery, which we will send you postpaid.

_ The Farmers' Tribune One Year and
^. 100 Note Heads and 100 Envelopes

I All for $1.

The Farmers' Tribune Is the leading l^ive Stock Journal of the Northwest. The
stationery is really free. It is printed on nice paper with your name, address
and name of farm or business. We guarantee to deliver in 10 days from receipt

of order

Ask jour printer what he will charge for such stationery. This will prove the
unparalleled offer we are making you. Address.

FARMERS' TRIBUNE, Box 21, Sioux City, Iowa.

Send tor free sample copy of our great paper.
Mention Bee Jonrnni ^vhen ^vrltlng.

6 Percent Discount

We will allow you the above Discount on all Orders accompanied by
Cash during January. Send for our Catalog.

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis.

Mention Bee Jonrnal wben wrltlns.

^S^E HONET- JARS

The No. 25 Honey-Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal
Screw Cap, absolutely tight, holding One Pound
of Honey, Net, in shipping-cases of one gross
each:

I g'ross lots $4. 50 per gross

5 " ** 4.U0 '*

Also in strong RE-SHiPPlNO CASES of two
dozen each, heavy corrug^ated partitions, sides,
top and bottom— a perfect protection—

1 case lots $1.00 per case

5 " 95

10 » -90 "

E'ght-oudce Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in re*
shipping case:

5 case lots, per case, 3 doz 8Sc

10 •* " ** 80c

20 " ** " 75c

F.O.B. New York. Prompt shipment on re-
ceipt of order.

HILDRETH & SEQELKEN,
265 & 267 GREENWICH ST., NEW YORK, N, Y.

llAtf Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

For Sale-25,000 Lbs.°S

Spanish-needle Extracted Honey put up in new

60-lb. tin cans— 6c a pound for the lot, or 6J^c

for less, F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Ark.

44Atf Please mention the iste Jonrnal.

FOR SALE

Until further nutice, finest quality new crop
California Water. White White Sage and Light
Amber HONEY in 60-lb. tins, 2 in a case; new
cans and new cases Write for prices and sam
pies, and state quantity you want.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN

265 & 267 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y

34Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED

Fancy White Comb Honey in Non-Drip
Shipping-Cases; also White Clover Honey in
cans and barrels. Please send samples and
state your lowest price, delivered here. We
pay spot cash upon receipt of goods.

QRiaaS BROTHERS

521 Monroe Street. - TOLEDO, OHIO.
4lAtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Big Discounts
on Bee=Supplies

The following discounts apply on all orders
except honey-packages for current nse:
For cash orders before Oct. 1—10 percent

Nov. 1 9percent 1 Feb. 1 6 percent

Dec. 1 8 " March 1.... 4 "

Jan. I 7 " I Aprill 2 "

We handle LEWIS' GOODS, and carry a
Urge stock, which insures prompt shipment.

Catalog free. Address,

LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,

213 & 21S W. 2d Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
3SAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

LOSS BY LICE

on poultry amounts to many times
the cost of Lambert's Death to
Lice— the sure preventive. Loss
can be saved and profit made by
its use. Frees sitting hens from
lice without harming eggs or
chicks. A trial 10c box will
prove it. 100 cz., by express. $1.00.
O. K. STOCK FOOD CO.,
D. J. Lambert, Vice-Pres.
406 Munon Bld«:., Cblcaeo. 111.

•-PURE ALFALFA-*

HONEY

IN 60-POUND CANS

W e have a good su pply of Pure Alfalfa

HOr%EV in 60-pound cans that we can
ship by return freight at these prices : 3 cans,
boxed, at S}4 cents a pound ; 4 or more cans at
one time, 8 cents a pound — all (.o.b. Chi-
cago. Cash with order. Sample, by mail, 8
in stamps, to cover pacl<age and postage.
Address,

YORK HONEY^uVl^^CO.

141-143 Ontario St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 28, 1905

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

91t

Lowest Prices

Big Discount for Early Orders

On Cash Orders

Before November 1 9 percent

" December 1 8 "

" January 1 7 "

" February 1 6 "

'* March 1 4 "

" April 1 2 "

Bee = Supplies

OF ALL KINDS

Established Nearly 23 Years

We have published THE AMERICAN
•BEE-KEEPER for 15 years (monthly,
SOc a year.) The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. Edited by two of the
most experienced bee - keepers in
America.

Sample copy free.

Our large, illustrated Price-List of
Supplies free on application. Address,

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

JAHESTOWN, N. Y.
Mention Bee Journal irhen writing.

J)oneij anb
4- ^ccswax^

Chicago, Dec. 6.— The trade ia best grades of
white comb honey has besn fair, yet retailers
taking only small quantities at a time. This
honey brings 14'«'15c ; other grades are difficult
to place at from l(gj3c per pound less. Extracted
selling at 7w7.^c per pound for white; amber
6J^@7c ; dark 5!^to6c. Beeswax, when clean and
of good color, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 24.— The demand for comb
honey is relaxing to some extent, owing to the
majority of the trade being well supplied. All
fears of a comb honey famine have been al-
layed. We quote fancy white comb honey at
14@16c. Extracted honey is in fair demand.
Quote amber at 5K@6J^c, according to the pack-
age and quality. Fancy white and white clover
extracted at 6>^(ai8Hc. We are paying 28>^c per
pound delivered here for choice yellow beeswax.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above honey quotations, who mistakably
expects to receive these prices for his prodnct.
The above are our selling prices.)

The Frkd W.Muth Co.

Toledo, Oct. 17— The honey market remains
firm, with good demand, and prices the same as
last quotations. Fancy white comb brings 15c;
No. 1, 14c; fancy amber, 13c; buckwheat, 13c.
Extracted, white clover, in barrels, 65^@6J4c;
amber, in barrels, 5@SJ<c; in cans, Ic to lJ4c
higher. Beeswax in good demand, 26c cash,
28c trade. Griggs Bros.

Albany, N.Y., Nov. 8.— Our honey market is
id healthy condition; demand good; receipts
about equal to demand. Prices are not quite as
high as last year, but the tendency has been to
work off the honey before cold weather, and we
think the crop has come forward more than
usual this season, which is a good sign. We
quote: Fancy white clover, l5c; A No. 1, 14c;
No. 1, 13c; buckwheat, fancy, 13c; A No. 1,12c;
No, 1, ll@12c; straight buckwneat is wanted in
this market. Extracted, quiet; white, IHc;
mixed, 6>ic; buckwheat, 6>ic. Beeswax scarce
at SOc. H. R. Wriobt.

Philadelphia, Nov. 20.— The demand has
been very good for honey in the past 10 days.
In fact, it takes a little sharp, eool weather to
g^et people started, and when they do start, the

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete Stock for 1906 now on hand.

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

CINCINNATI

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH

as 'most' all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MOSEY BUYING FROM ME.

Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.

6 Percent Discount for January

QUEENS

Let me

book your

Order for

I^AiliS, and 4;AUCASIAilJS.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

bred in separate apiaries,
the«01>l>K:\ VKI.-

C. H.W.WEBER "ShT

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

demand continues for some months. We would
say, now is the height of the honey season. We
quote, in a jobbing way : Fancy comb, 15f«'i7c;
No. l,13®15c; amber, 12@13c. Extracted, fancy
white, 7r(j Sc; amber, 6)4c. Beeswax firm at 28c.
We are jproducers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser,

Indianapolis, Dec. 15 —There is a tendency
for higher prices on best grades of honey. The
demand for stricUy fancy white comb hotiey
exceeds the supply. Demand for lower grades
of comb honey not good. Numerous shipments
of honey arriving, but no one producer seems to
have very great quantities to offer. I quote
fancy white at lSf«il6c; No. I in poor demand at
12c, and amber dull atlOc. Best grade extracted
brings 8@9c in 60-lb. cans; amber slow at 6c.
Beeswax, 30@33c. Walter S. Pouder.

Denver, Nov. 11.— No. 1 white comb honey,
per case of 24 sections, $3.35; No. 1 light amber,
$3.Dj; No. 2, $2 50@3.00. Extracted honey. 6^
@7 cts. per pound. Supply is light and we
coud make quick sales of consignments at
above figures. We pay 24c for clean, yellow
beeswax delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assx.

Cincinnati, Dec. 18. — The nice weather
holds back the demand for comb honey. Crops
seem to be exceedingly short and producers in
the West keep the prices high. We quote as fol-
lows: Fancy water-white and No. 1 white clo-
ser, 14(Sil6c; No. 2, 12(aa4c. Extracted seems to
be more plentiful, and we quote same in barrels,
light amber, 5%<s>5^ic; in cans, He more; white
clover, 7@Sc. Beeswax, 28@30c.

C. H.W. Wbbkb.

New York, Dec. 6.— The demand for comb
honey continues to be fair for all grades. Prices
practically remain the same. We quote fancy
white at 14f«il5c ; No. 1 at 13c ; No. 2 at 12c, and
buckwheat at 10c per pound. Extracted honey
is in good demand, especially California honey
with large supplies. We quote white at 6J4'" 7c;
light amber at 6c; buckwheat, extracted, at
S>fi@6c per pound ; Southern at S0@.60c per gal-
lon. Beeswax firm and steady at 2'*('i^30c per
pound. HiLDRETH *fc Segbleen.

San Francisco, Dec. 6.— White comb. 1-lb,
sections, 9@10 cents; amber, 7<fl8c. Extracted,
waterwhite,434@5c; white, 4>^@43^c; light am-
ber, 4@4K cents; amber, 3J6@4c; dark amber,
3@3Mc. Beeswax, good tochoice, light, 26@27c;
dark, 24'^ 25c.

Honey is being offered more freely at appear-
ing quotations than for some weeks past, and
It now appears that growers are awakening to
the fact that they can not force prices any
higher by holding their honey. At these fig-
ures there should be a good profit to the bee- men
and a small margin to jobbers. Hawaiian ex-
tracted ambsr is selling at 2% cents, at primary
points, but it is not likely that California
apiarists have anything to fear from compe-
tion. as their crop is all marketed in England.

85c for 15 NAMES

Fornames and P. O.
of 15 farmers and 15c
— stamiis taken— we
will send for 2 yrs. the Farmer's Call — reg:. sub.
price 50e a year. F. C. is a wklv., '2o vrs.okl, 1,300
pages a yr. Sample free. Parmer's Call.iQuincy, III.

Mentton Bee Journal vrben vrrltliiB:.

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8c

TWO OR MORE CRATES; T'A
LARGER LOTSi WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. CINCINNATI. CASH WITHORDER. SAMPLES 10c.
TO PAY POSTAGE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SENDFORCATALOGOFBEE SUPPLIES WITH SPECIAL DISCOUNT

FOR SALE

Extracted Honey — Fancy white, 7c ; fancy
amber, 63-2C ; ',4c less in S-case lots or more.
C. C. CLEMONS & CO.
45Atf KANSAS CITY, MO.

ttONEY AINU tSfct^JWAX

When coasigning, buying ot selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 SOUTH Watib ST. Chicago. III.

912 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Dec. 28, 190S

A CARLOAD OF PAPER

WAS USED IN PRINTING THE

1906 EDITIOS OF THE...

LEWIS CATALOG

NOW
OUT

Send for One at Once

IT IS FREE

Every Copy is a Work of Art.

Better, Grander, Larger than Ever.

AGENTS WANTED

For Lewis' Goods by the Carload

MAINE

NEW HAMPSHIRE

VERMONT

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FOR,

RHODE ISLAND
NORTH CAROLINA
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MISSISSIPPI
ALABAMA

Liberal territory given.

GEORGIA
FLORIDA
LOUISIANA
SOUTHERN OHIO

For further particulars address Home Office

6. B. LEWIS CO. -liir Watertown,Wis.

XT. S. A..

GENERAL INDEX TO THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL FOR 1905

!«IB.IEC'XS

Abseoiiding ywaniis 501. ."04. tilO

Acacias 40^

Acid fm- wax-i'emiefiiig 2Ua

Adulterated lieeswax 40, TitiS 584

Adulterated honey :na. 43e,iiiil, Blii, 03S,

(Slt4 715

Adulteratiiiu of honey in Illinois..!!!!!.'!.'.' 43G

-Vdvertising liouey Iil4. 1U3, 227. .'iUZ.

Ii41, (i4.S, (iOl, 743 S4.'i

Afterswarms 212

Age of bees ! ! ! ' ' ' ' Ho4

Agricnltural woik at Washington...!!!!!!!! .-)4l

Airing cellared l)ees 53

■^}f»!f:« 213. 4B1. 543, 566, '74'». 8S1

.Mfalfa and sweet trlover 742

Alfalfa honey ' ' 34*'-,* 847

Alley traps '" ' 213

Alsike clover ■.212, 331

Alum-weed honey 50(;

Amount of comli surface to be capped for

distant market 293. .392

Amount of lioney to nniise a pound ot'wa.v.! .SS2

Ants and Itccs ^21

Ants — destroyer for tilack 247

Ants — getting rlrt of S'I7

Ants In hives 44',. 503, 675

Aphides and honey-<Iew 4(J0

Apiarian e,\periments needed "' 215

Apiarian outfit — most desirable 6-50

Apiarian representalhai in Australia 277

Apiarian resources — our country's undevel-
oped .-;41

Apiary record-book 651

Apiculturnl station in California 704

Apiculture at the Pepartinent of Agriculture

41. 57, 1S3 .. 242

-Vpis dorsata "' 5J7

.\pple honey !!!!!! ''04

Are bees wild or douiest ic V !!!!!!!' Ts4

Asters and snake-root !!.!!!!' 700

Auger-hole above usual entrance.!!! 401

Austrian sister skirts tecs — an !! 391

Baby nuclei 19. «.;, .•j4e .■572. 44,

Baby nuclei and queen-breeders... . 104

Baiting fish with honey !"' 199

Bait-section lioney * 780' ^27

Bait-sections — color of .'.'.','.'.'.'.."' ' so**

Bait-sections or sections with fiiil-siieet

foundation—which llnislied first?. -,■'

Balled queens 38], .543, 666

Banner lioney county of Xew York... 536

Bar-le-diic preserves 440

Basswood g^l

Bee and honey plants for Xo'rtli Tesas'-^'liest! 519

Bee-birds j^7j

Bee-di.seases— guarding against infection of! ! 296

Bee-diseases— treatment and remedies. 149

Bee-dress, veil, and gloves 472

Bee-escape board " ' 780

Bee-farm in heart of business district 6,S->

Bee-hat 42V 4.57

Bee-hives made of cedar and redwood. .'.'. . ' 328
Bee-hive ? — what is the best ... 21 27 .-.4

56. 143 ;...■ • 168

Bee-honse liees exercising in winter 89

Bee-insurance 725

Bee-keepers' licenses ! 726

Bee-keeper's lullaby ! 641

Bee-keeiiing ,•540, Vgj,' gog

Bee-keeiiing and otiier tilings at Clovernook. . 885

Bee-keeping as an occupation.... 423 904

Bee-keeping as a sperinltv ' ' '728

Bee-keeping for women... 440. (',.34, 650. 7!3il!

Bee-keeping from a woman's standpoint! !! ! 4.39

Bee-keeping in —

Arkansas 100

Australia 74P

Bosnia -,1!

California 'Si

cuiia !!!!!!!! ii

iieorgia oco

Mall" !!!! 791

Russia [i},

Texas ^fj

The Soutli !!!!!! ,SS7

'i'he Southwest ! ! ! "83 ' Sri 117' 'i(r»

I'nitali Countj-, -Utah 450

Washingtim !!!!"'' 76!s

Bee-keeping on a large scale 727

Bee-keeping— jileasures of . . . .js

Bee-keeiiing recognized .•j'-,'-,

Bee-life— average length of V.'r

Bee-moth— remedy for 667

Bee-paralysis.... 69. 157. 171. 200. '2'9'9" 4'7!3'

59S. 664, 099, 763 862

Bee-pasturage ' r-'u- „i^

Bees (poemi ' 2r4

Bees and alsikc clover ! ! SS4

Bees and dark vs. light colors ! 728

Bees and fruit. 233. 328'.' 408. 794

Bees and bens in the same vard... •>S1

Bees and iK.ney at Illinois Fair... 40O

Bees and pollination ' ' ' ,sso

Bees ami tobacco odor ' ' !<ii46

Bees as a nature studv. . . .'.'. "iV '506

Bees as property and assessaide 71 ■>

Bees, birds and fruit in California ! )0'>

Bees crowding to tlie super center. •>94

Bees deserting the liive 4^,j

Bees do not puncture fruit. g'll

Bees dying. ... SSi,' •4'2g',' •4-4:4; '885

Bees flying at low temperature R44

Bees freezing " 24^

Bees gnawing foundation in sections 23!3' 408

Bees lilving tliemselves " 005

Bees immune from di.sease.. .-{12

Bees in a nailkeg !377

Bees in tlie attic'. 296

Bee-slanders — treatment of ! ! ! ! 817

Bee-smoker — cleaning a ' 597

Bees moving eggs ' ' ' ' (502

Bees noisy in the cellar !!!!!! 144

Bees on a platform

Bees out-of-doors

Bees refusing to leave a super for winter. !

liees roaring or fanning in tiic cellar

liec-stlng remedies 19, 46, 136, 312, 408.

i'.ec-sliiias 76. 119.

licc-st lugs — removing

Bees sl(a-ing watermelon juice

Bees under snow

Bee-supplies are hi"li — why !!!!!!

liee-supplics — home-made

Bee-supply prices and the honey-market....

Beeswax 292, 324. 328. 344, 5S7, 714, 737,

S27 ! !

■ Bees wintered in a shed !

Bees-veils 550, 620.

Beginners In bee-keeping 343, 443, 467.

531, 603 :

Beginners — warning to

I'.e prepared for next season

Best hce-liive 339, 715,

Itest kind of liees 441,

lies t workers

liigelow educational tiee-hlve — the

Big purchase of honey

Biographical —

llroillieck, (Jeorge W 292,

iietlierington, Capt. J. E 137,

IloIfUamp. Robert A

Wliitiu-y. William M

61S
34.3
613
3.3
210
213
647
33S
82:!

901
167
794

.265, 077.
!«, "ou.

775,
lis!

420,
705,
845,
361,

Bi-SMli)liide of carbon..

Black hees

Black bees vs. Italians

lilack brood

Black brood vs. foul brood

Blade foul brood 65,

Blessed are ye that fail (poem)

Boiling sugar'^ — wliat about

Bottom-boards 168, 279. 3«1. 392, 867.

Bottom starters in sections.. 61. 485, 487. 618.

Brace-combs

Breeding queens 297.

Briar-iierry

Brick lioney 545,

Brood-cliamber — contents of the

Brood dying in tlie spring

Brooii-franies

Brood-frames and brood-spacing

Brood-frames — cover for 297,

Brond-f ranies full of wax and pollen

Brix>d-nest — size of

Brood -rearing 70,

Building comb !

Bulk comb lioney market

Bulk comb vs. section honey

Itunible-bees and hone.v-bees

IJurr-combs

Bush clover '.'.413!

Butter and honey as a bread-dip !

Buying bees

Buying queens and foul brood !!!!!!!!!

California as a home and for bee-keeping. . .

Candied lioney in paper packages

California as a honey state !

Canadian bee-keepers in .Jamaica !!

Canadian bee-wintering experiments !..

Canadians and Americans ! !

Canadian sister's success ! ! !

Candied sections ! ! ! !

Cand.v for winter stores 827

Candying or crystallizing of sugar and' honev

Candy-makers and adulteration stories ".

f.'anning new extracted honey

Cans for extracted honey. . . .* !

Capturing swarms of bees ' !

('are of lioney ! , ' '

Carloads of lioney .'.'.'.'.' .7'2'.5 '779

Carniolan tiees , .' '.'.'.'.'.....'

Carniolans and Cyprians !!!!!!!!!!!!'

Carniolans. Italians, and blacks....!!!!!!!!

Catching the drones !!!!!!!

Catnip hone.v !!!!!!!!!!!!

Caucasian bees '.*.".'.'.*. 60 468'

Caucasion queens I'rossed with 'Cypi-ians . !

Cedar-wood moth-proof? — is

Cellar-feeding of syrup-fllled combs. !!!!!" !
Cellar-wintering of bees. .. .73 12] 135 007

211. 263. ,S62 !....'. r..!

Cells — size of.

Certificates for inspectors of apiaries...!!!!

ClialT-hives

Champion for "our sister Iiee-keepei-s''''' ' ! ! ! '

Changing from 9 to 8 frames

Changing nectar into honey ! ! ! ! !

Chemists and honey definitions !!

Chicago-Northwestern convention

Chilled bees — treatment of

Chilled brood ' 148

"Cider" honev from hive In "wiiicli bees

died — feeding

Cit.v office-roof apiary !!!!!!!!!!!!!

Cleaning sections . .* ', ..".'.'.. .'.43'

Cleansing beeswa x .'.'.'.'...'.'...'.'.

Cleansing brood-frames !!!!!!!!'!'

cieome !!!!!!!!!!!'!

Clipping queens 89. 249 40S 424

Cloistering hive and the cloistering method..

Cloistering hive in winter

Closed end-ltars

Closed-end frames !!...!!!

Clothing for bee-work !!!!!!!!!!!!!"

Colony in a box !,!!!!!!!!!.

Colony with an impiu-ted queen ! ! !

Colon.v with a poor queen ! ! .

Colorado apiarian exhibit at the St. Louis

World's Fair

Color of beeswax

Colnmbus-comb of doubtful utility

Comb foundation. .. .243. 324. .3.56. 408. 341.

634. 7.32

Comb honey ! , ! ! !.'i46.' 470.' 5.3!3!

Comb honey and the League

Comb honey and separators

Coniti honey by freight

Comb honey in confectlonerv. 360

Comb honey lie 55. 275. 291. 340.

Comb honey management 247.

861
4U3
8,S4
881
715
281
373
597

308
312
421
615
!I04
860
906
714

liO
200
883
863
904
711
8
313
684
863
197
1S4

43
340
.343
619
633
146
542

24
.320
264
8
733
104
746
440

37

23

214

839
,340
423
730
213
,186
131
120
279
231
424
119
822
619
700
316
505
264
S77
263
308
232

,880
.363
.323
795
,88
699
216
.321
773
22.8
431

297
6,82
279
116
121
8.'!0

!|03
5.34
231
279
361
631
143
409

113

714

31

843
537
483
133
693
506
376
731

Ccmib iKuiey production — a .system of S2S

Comb over top-bars 473

Combs ;ind sections in same super 517'

C b vs. extracted honey 63 345

Coiui.anitive cost of honey and light-weight

seclinns causes of small demand....... 229

( onvention Ilcpnrls —

(;hb-:igo-.\ortliwestern. . .488, 504. 519 341
3,S4. 601, 016, 6;i3. 648. 064. 680. 696!

712. 728. 743. 751. 777. 791. 825, 847, .S65

Illinois State 32O .".42

Michigan 262, 278

Middlesex 840

Minnesota 423, 439, 455, 47l! 821

.Missouri 760

Nebraska !!!!!!!!! 103

-North 'I'exas '. .'.'.'.'5'ib! ,-io!s

•'"tai'lo 118, 146, 203

Tax-as 778, 792, 825. 840, 864. 881

V ermont 210

Wisconsin 23o! 246

Worcester Co. . Mass ! 295! 901

Convention reports — <air ! 725

Convention time — how best to use ! . ! ! 822

Co-operation among bee-keepers .326

Com and sumac lioney ; 36I

Corn honey ! . 409

Correspondence school in bee-keeping. !!!!!!! 24

Costume for lady bee-keepers 903

Cott<ui "controllable" hive 359. 413

Cough cure — Indian 312

Cover for sections 420

Crossing bees ! . 360

t'rosswise and closed-end frames 1S3

Cr(Mip cure — lioney and salt 344

Cuban honey — a tariff on .324, 408

Culver's physic — a lioney-plant 588

Curiosities and myths of bee-literature 216

Currants and honey 440

Cut-loaf sugar for bee-feeding 440. 571

Cutting foundation 212

Cyprian queen — an imjiorted 613

Cyprians and queen-rearers 650

Daily colony record 630

Danzenbaker hives 211, 542

Park lioney below and white above 714

Dark honey for spring feeding 762

Dark honey or sugar syrup in the brood-

cbamber going into sections — possibility

of : 884

Daughters of best queens and others 302

Dead bees 184, 233. 361

Dead brood outside of hive 651

December work in and about the apiary.... 823

Decoy hives 376. 378. 412

Deep frames for extracting 104

Deep blve-bottoiu 169

Definition of lioney ... 198, 419, 437, 521, 757, 866

De Luxe comb honey 75

Department of Agriculture — important work

for the 541. 631

Depth of Langstrotb iiive 281

Deptli of supers on Langstroth hive 39

Diarrhea — colonies affected with 281

Difference in honey results of colonies 8,59.

Disagreeable peculiarities of best bees 837

Diseased bees 377

Diseases of bee-larvae 147

Diseases of bees 295, 296. 600. 882

Disinfecting combs with formalin 419

Disposing of the honey-crop. .. .131, 158, 170, 217

Distance bees fly for nectar 052, 703. 882

Dividing colonies 505. 699

Divisible brood-chamber hives 188

Do liees freeze or starve? 163. 298. 312

Do bees move eggs ? 666

Dodder or love-vine 470

Does alfalfa produce lioney in Texas, with or

without Irrigatifin ? 881

Doolittlels queen-rearing methods 35

Doubling up colonies 507. 521

Drawn sections clianging color 748

rirink — a summer 618

Drip-sf icks for no-drip cases 262

lininc tirnnil and wnrkcr-lirood 281

!>[<nn- l>r 1 exempt fi'iin foul lirood 83

Dr.ine-hiMiiil for fish bait 598

Drone-Itrood in sections .342

Drone-comb required in a hive 143

Drone-juice as an apifuge 731, 795

Drones 247, 409, 505

Drones— killing ,S27

Drone-trap — use of the ,322

Dry and liquid substances at hive-entrances.. 211

Dry weather and color of honey 536

Dumni.v — using the ,'i43

Duties on honey 181

Education for tlie puiiiic — honey 339, 741

Entrance in winter, , . ; 40

l']sscnce honey - 553

Evaporating honey in the hive ,;,.,.,.' 344

ICvaporating nectar — how the bees do it;';... .3

Evolution of bees 425

Exdianging supers 279

Exhibits and prizes at conventions '793

Experimenting in apiculture 136

Experiment with alfalfa in Illinois.' 117

Extracted honey 118

Extracted honey exhibits 328

Extracted honey in tanks — storing 436

Extracted vs. comb lioney ;i43, 093

Extracting all the wax 862

Extracting combs 426

Extracting from combs containing brood

7. .3,32 066

Extracting honey 61, 467

Extracting small quantities of wax 553

Eyes of bees 88

Ezera Tiirasher and his iiee-keepln' 342, 425

Fair exhibits of honey cookery 6

False coni'lnsiou from true premises 821

F'arnier bee-keepers 90. 903

Fasteuing fuundaliou. . . . 1 10. lS-1. ISS, 2yii,

37U. 392, 500, 523, 5GS. .s.'iS, S42 843

Fastening sections in frames 61

Fastening starters in sections 230

Fastening transferred comb in frames .'114

Feed for bees for winter 083

Feeding bacli 344

...8, 40, 50, 77, 85, 143, 145,

233, 247, 249, 265, 297, 300.

441, 455, 553, 582, 587, 651,

725, 731, 748, 763, 778, 779,

S45

. Feeding bees

185. 213

393, 440,

(177, 0H3,

827, 840.
Feeding bees in an observatory hive 40,

103, 120

Feeding sugar and feeding bacli iioney

Felt for winter packing

Feni : separators and tall sections

Feriiiizatiou of queens 747,

Finding queens 455, 471, 572, 730,

Flights for cellared bees

Flour as a substitute for pollen

Food frauds and food otiieials

Food offered to queen or demanded

Foul brood 7, 65, 133, 147, 150, 171. 205,

340. 301, 392, 440. 554. 683. 699. 728.

Foul brood affects the larvae — why

Foul brood and black brood

Foul brood and extracted honey

Foul brood and its treatment ISO, 419,

400. 5.S7

Foul brood inspection

Foul brood law

Foul brood law in California

Foul brood law in Illinois

Foul brood legislation 340.

Foul brood vs. bee-pest."

Foul-broody colonies — handling

Foul-tH'oody iiives

Foundation 54, 144, 231,

Foundation-splints 361.

Frames 281 ,

Frames full of honey

Frame-spacer — a top and bottom

Freclile cure — liouey

Freezing worse in cellar than outdoors for

bees

Freight rates on honey 279,

Freight rate oii jaclseted honey-cans 324,

Frost-proof hive — improved

Fruit trees

Full slieets vs. starters 843,

Full vs. light-weight sections

Fumigating comb-honey

Fumigating empty combs

Fumigating foul-broody liives

Geranium or crane's-bill

Getting liees out of a cliimney

Getting bees out of supers 56.

Getting bees to adulterate honey

Getting people to use more honey

-Getting sections filled

Getting supers ready in winter

Getting swarms to enter empty hives

Getting unfinished sections filled

<;iant bees and tlie Philippines

Giant bees of India

Giving afterswarms combs of brood

Giving brood to shalien swarms

Glucose 567,

Going-to-hees — the ( poem )

Golden Italians 13,

"Good" candy made with granulated sugar.

Government aid to apiculture

'Government and Caucasian queens

Government distribution of queens

Graded comb-hone.v for marliet

Grading honey — rules for

Granulated honey 281,

Granulation of lioney — prevention of

Grape puncturing and birds. . •■

Greatest honey State

886

280
441

51

152

845

861

3

99
865
629

745
794

435

619
839
325
134
542
450
99
105
8
329
586
328
361
064
69S

243

537
408
143
470
905
331
794
695
121

867
185
569
715

19
231
217
281

75
183
679
378
501
508
705

77
144
214
863

Handling bees 452, 522.

Hauling bees

Highbarger's record of queens

Hive-lmying and hive-maliing symposium....

Hive-cleats

Hive-covers in winter

Hive-covers — preventing lealcy

Hive-cover — taliing off tlie

Hive-entrance — best 35ti.

.'trances 265, 603.

' " producing extracted honey

! 'ng at home explained

J * I' question and a beginner

Hives 40. 291. 357, 359, 393.

Hives and combs — proper care of

Hives — liome-made vs. factory-made ....357.

Hives numbered and in groups

Hives, sections, supers, etc

Hive temperatures

Hive-tool 360,

Hiving bees on full sets of drone-combs. . . .

Hiving bees with a shotgun

Hiving swarms... 55, 147. 350. 437, 441, 683.

Hiving wild bees in trees

Hoffman frames 350. 361,

Hoffman vs. closed-end frames 108. 153,

Holy Land bees

Home demand for honey — increasing the....

Home-made bee-supplies

Home-made hives 173, 357, 358, 445.

Home mariieting of honey

Home marliet's demand and supply

Honey advertising in the liee-papers

and almond paste

and pollen in brood-combs

and imre food

as a liee-sting cure

_. as a health food

Honey as a soap substitute 360,

Honey-barrels — save the empty

Honey-butter

Honey-cake

Honey-candy for winter food

Honey-cases

Honey -comb — how bees build

Honey crop in Michigan

Hone.v
Honey
Honey
Honey
Hone.v

533
629
629
877
904
544

867
794
183
357
168
683
393
,523
425
897
583
405
715
635
101
668
650

89
882
780
360

38
883
523
568
234

63
182
335
047
341
124
646
715
181
485
312
327
493
587
666
618
104

43
730
541

Honey .lop of lUOO 081

Honey definitions and standards 198, 419

Honey-dew 710, tluu

Honey-display at the St. Louis convention... 5

Honev-drinlis 143

Honey-drops 903

Honey-extractor — invention of the 451

Honey-flora in California — early

Honey-flora — stud.v your local

Honey for chapped lips

Honey for the toilet

Honey from hives where bees died — using

290, 313

Honey -gargle — a

Honey-house — dimensions for ."

Honey in Aikin paper bags

Honey in ancient Ireland

Hone.v — keeping qualities of

Honey-label— National Association

Honey marketing and publicity

Honey market — making a

Honey-markets

Hone.v-mntfins '

Honey ointment for sores

Honey on the coast

Honey or sugar syrup for bees

Honey-paste for chapped hands

Honey-paste for the teetli

Honey-plants 470,

Honey-producers' associations — organizing. . .

Honey publicity 741.

Honey results not all in management

Honey-sections vs. strawberr.v boxes

Honey sent to comniissinn-men

Honey-tank cars for beekeepers

Honey — the right name for

Honey to displace otlier sweets

Honey-trees — California

Honey-vinegar

Honey?— what is 89. 104, 198, 419, 437.

How a bee-keeping sister won

How bees build cells with exactness. .. .471.

How bees measure angles

How many colonies in one place?.. 279. 291.

How much a bee gathers

Humming of the bees — the (poem)

Hybrid bees and fair premiums

Hybrids vs. Italians

Illinois Bee-Keepers' liill — the 116, 180

Imbedding wires in comb foundation by heat 886

Importation of bees by our government 631

Improving the stock of bees 61. 773

Impure food — fined for selling 790

Inbreeding 29B, 862

Increase... 143, 229, 205, 291, 310, 393, 408.

421, 473, 487, 505. 519, 520, 522, 582.

780 SM

Indian turnip 302

Inspection of apiaries in Illinois — State 407

Inspector of apiaries' report 151

Itispectors of apiaries 827

Insuring bees 423, 7-5

Interstate pure food law Sdi

Introducing queens. . .209. 211, 441, 542, 548,

619, 620, 607, 747

Introducing queen-cells or queens

Italian bees 392, 604

Italianizing bees 144. 249, 265. 362. 506

Italian or Carniolan bees perhaps the best.

Italians vs. blacks against foul, brood

Italians vs. other bees

471
730
507

.345
863
233
152
086
419
491
860
245
880
405
201
445
215
405
328
882
108
743
53S
542
281
050
323
382
407
847
521
263
671
587
505
663
132
200
233

January — work in the apiary for

Kansas State Fair _■■•'•„•

Keeping bees 7, 14*,,

Keeping bees on a roof

Keeping bees on shares

Keeping colonies warm

Keeping comb honey in good condition

Keeping comljs until next summer

Keeping down swarming

Keeping qualities of honey ■ ■ ■ ■

Keeping queens 361,

Keeping the wax- worm out of sections

Kerosene for driving bees

Kettle for rendering beeswax from old combs

.583

Kind of hive for al kinds of honey — the

Knotwood

Krainer bees

Lady president of the Uritisli Association — a

Lake Geneva midsummer fair

Langstroth hive advantageously — using the..

Langstrotli hive size

Langstroth hive — lO-frame

Largest average yield

Larval food — influence of •__■■_■

Late swarms 71o,

Latham hive

Lava soap for removing propolis

Laws on bee-keeping .'

Lawsuits and the National Associatioii_. . . . . .

Laying workers 507, 602.

Leasing ground for an apiary

I.,caves for winter packing

Lebkuclien

Legislation affecting apiculture

Lemon-.1uice in sugar syrup

Liberating the queen

liife of different races of bees — length of...

Light-weight sections 328, 378, .395.

Ligiit-weight vs. full-weight sections

Lining bees in the woods 586.

Liquid oozing from hives

Location — finding a ....■•■■

Location for keeping bees 506, (31,

Location in Virginia or Maryland

Locations — non-interference in >.

London — lioney in the heart of

Longevity of workers and drones

Long-tongued bees

LosI of bees 279, 284, 328,

Loss of young queen in mating

JIailIng honey samples

Mailing Infections material

Mailing laying queens

779
441

715
780
265

55
231

900

614
505
268
249
234
539
861
700
553
421
651
3

082
804
700
121

327
014
326
8
.392
210
857
779
169
.533
547

51
620
143
845

23
340.
.•!61
699
882
6.52
503
651
233
715
747
142
742
586
344

77
725

39

85
761
660

ilake or buy hives — wiiich? 290

Making liives 55. 56. 184, 211

Making of lioney 821

Mallow 700

Management with box-liives 23*7

Management — questions on 793

Managing bees 117, 149, 296, 40S, 520,

651, 667 845

Manipulation of colonies — seasonable 453

Manufactured comb honey. .55. 275, 291, 340, 376

Maple-leaved goosefoot 748

Maple syrup for feeding 233

Marigold 700

Marketing honey 2S, 444. 457. 462, 471,

533. 569 865

Massachusetts people as honey-eaters 897

Mating and swarming of virgins 581, 645

Mating of queens 39, 121, 184

Melting combs containing Iioney 361

Membership in bee-keepers' oVganizatious. . . 105

Mending a leak.v wooden tank 521

Mice and snakes in the hives 361

Mice in hives in "winter 837

Michigan State convention 84

Milkweed pollen 523

Miller feeder 731

Miller frame 169, 586

Missouri Apiary Bill vetoed by Gov. Folk

261 310

Missouri's Foul Brood Bill 307

Mistakes of bee-keepers ' 840

More bees — more honey 372

More lioney from basswood leaves or blos-
soms? 598, 650, 682

More hone.v from eolon.v and one swarm or

from colony and no swarm ? 535

Mortality among bees 406

Mosquito-hawks catching bees 543

Motherwort 521, 523, 544, 668

Moths in hives 345, 377, 490

Movable-frame hive — invention of the... 340, 404
Moving bees. . .43, 44, 89. 270, 280, 281, 297,

345. 361 757

Musical face — a 746

National advertising committee

National and other conventions

National Association. .. .51, 83. 130, 181, 614,

661, 662, 672. 694, 762. 7T3, 858

National Association and incorporation — the.

115. 197, 200, 243

National Association hoiwy-label ^■

National bee-convention — lirst 387,

National convention .... 5. 9. 25. 41. 57, 660,

677, 694, 725, 789, 700

National honey exchange — a

National legislation to suppress bees

National pure food bill

Natural conditions in the fall

Nature study — encouraging

Nectar and honey — a consideration of

New Mexico foul-brood law

New South Wales Association rules

Newspaper facts (?) about bees

Newspaper glucose yarns — some

New York bee-disease, or black brood

New York City Park bee-keeiJer contest....

No-bee-way sections

Noises disturb bees? — do

Nominations for olBeers of the National....

S3, 821 ;.• •

Non-swarming bees 220, 473,

Northern Michigan a bee-keeper's paradise..
Not more colonies, but more from each....

Nuclei — making

Nuclei swarming

Nucleus management

Number of bees to store a pound of honey . .
Nurse-bees

October — work in the apiary for

Odor of bees

Odor of queens

Official "standard honey"

Oil-cans for honey

Oil-cloth or super-cover in winter

Old brood-comb and size of bees

Old vs. new foundation....- 54, 231, 493,

One-piece sections

Orange-trees and apple-trees

Out-apiaries

Out-apiary grounds — enclosing

Outdoor suitable work tor woiiien

Overground cellar

Overhauling the hives

.796,

Packages for honey

Packing bees for winter

Painted hives • ■ ■ •

Painting hives ■"■ J69,

Paradise — a bee-keepers' 19o,

Partridge-pea — the

Paste for labeling tin

Paste for rough skin

Pear-blight and the bees

Penns.vlvania Bee-Keepers' Association

Pests of the apiary ■ ■ ■ •

Pickled brood 93, 148, 598, 699,

Placing sections in the super •__■_■

Plain sections " •

Plain sections vs. slotted or bee-way

Plants— identification of

Poisoned bees ■■■■ ■ ■■•

Poisonous honey o»b, ni J,

Pollen MS. *^^-

Pollen — getting combs cleaned of

Pollen in the brood-nest ^ • • •

Popularizing the value of bees and honey

Preparing for winter

Preservative not allowed in l'""^-^'- ■■-■■• '."lo

Preventing afterswarms ^^-co ocT'

Preventing increase -3, »!i. 3i)l,

Prevention and control of swarming with the

Heddon liive • • ■ •

Prevention of robbing A;"?io'

Prevention of swarming lOo, 121, 14J,

210, 264, 265, 297, 313, 361, 393, 425,

501, 516

762
725

879

32S
491
388

S44
601
89»
52
883
136
899
314
420
131
339
148
327
262
651

845
506
201
567
300
845
699
762
746

679
453
554
168
903
905
121
520
565
863

39
827
553
105

76

847
345
265
778
201
653
693

38
163

2»
841
714
424
698

23
613
600
710
523
429
264

35
651
164
345
827

151
552

Prices of bees.

.245. 328,

773
359

Prices of bee-supplies 248, 204, 473, 047,

747, S23

Prices of liives St9.

Prices of honey ; ~A,

Prices of sections

Prickly pears as bee-feed

Producing beeswax

Producing comb-honey 20, 146, 213,

Producing extracted honey

Producing siection honey with and without
separators 20,

Propolis 108, 279. 345,

Propolis scraping and wide frames

Proportion of comb sealed before extract-
ing 456,

Protecting hives from sun heat

Prunes and honey^the funny man's

Public lioney marliet — a

Punic bees

Punic or Tunisian bees

Purity vs. good worliing qualities in bees. . .

Putting bees in the cellar 24,

Putting bees on drone-eombs

Putting bees out of the cellar 1U3, 210,

233, 375

Putting on supers 147, 270, 297, 393

457, 505. 521, 542

Putting weali colonies over strong ones.
345, 360, 453, 505. 570. B04. 047.

844
217
(MS

24

nsu

MO

309
.5(iS
281

587
794
,V27

145

83

824

801

:!9

408.

307.
714.

Quality in honey, then quantity

Queen and drone-traps — improvement in

Queen-cage cardboards 725,

Queen-cells — bees tearing down

Queen-cells — building

Queen-cells — cutting out 142, 542,

Queen-cells — judging from

Queen-cells — using

Queen entering the wrong hive

Queen-excluders 419,

Queen-excludiug honey-boards

Queen experiences

Queen laying several eggs in a cell

Queenlessness 40, 143, 249, 393, 441, 490.

553. 571. 587

Queen-nursery

Queen-rearing 24. 35. 40. 144. 312. 313.

392, 435, 548, 587, 619. 652, 731, 802.

864

Queens 361. 409. 440. 604. 613, 618, 620.

060. 667. 099. 711. 748

Queens and baby nuclei 441. 522.

Queens and their influence upon success in

bee-culture

Queens fighting

Queens hatching

Queens in the mails 565, 647. 740.

Queens killed when introducing

Queens laying several eggs in a queeu-cell..

Queens missing and no queen-cells

Queens piping

Queens reared in the South

Queens — select tested

Queen's wing and leg growing

Queen terms — meaning of

Rabbets — depth of

Uace of bees for Texas

Uaces in one yard — various

Races of bees 142. 183, 214, 341, 5S8,

Rearing early drones and queens.

Red clover bees 56, 523,

Red clover bees and queens

Red raspberry and its honey

Reducing rearing of young bees in a honey-
flow

Redwood — California

Ke-introducing a balled queen

Reitsche-Getaz press

Removing supers for winter

Rendering beeswax 210. 377.

Renting land for an apiar.v

Requeenlng colonies 8. 523. 540, 760, 845,

Requeening vs. sliaking swarms

Reserve combs for feeding bees

Results of the apiarian experiments at tlie
Central Experiment Farm

Retailing honey 245,

Rietsche-Getaz press

Uietsche press 105.

Ripening honey

Roaches in hives

Robbed colony 345.

Robber-bees — preventing

Robber-bees — treatment of 444, 451,

Kobber-cloth 72,

Rock Candy for feeding

Rocky Mountain bee-plant and a mint

Roger's 'song (poem)

Rules for bee-associations 420,

Running out-apiaries and managing swarming

Sage

Sage honey

Sainfoin and sweet clover seed

Sainfoin as a honey-plant

Sainfoin clover 56. 104, 209,

Sainfoin honey

Salt and water for bees

Sawing off swarms on trees

Scriptural cake

Sealed honey — reserve combs of

•Sealing honey with lieat of hive

Second-hand square oil-cans for honey

Second swarm

Section-foundation

Section-foundation starters dropping olT

Section honey — labeling

Section honey never poisonous

Section-press for folding sections

Sections 28, 122, 231, 279, 392, 586, 58T,

683, 695, 794

Sections and separators

Sections on the hive — don't leave

Sections protected all around

Secti<m-tiniber — scarcity of

Self-requeening ,^

Selling and shipping honey

Selling foul-broody iioney

3sn

651

746

696
278
779
003
OIS
51IS
051
506
019
747

500
506

6.S3
421

789
545

150
44
301
7'Jl
508
634
377
212
211
310
.Wl
580

142
8S2
281
082

099
130
203

142

408

SOI
045
093

7S0
329
000
345
731
297
741
509

507
5.-.3
905

700
542

24
.581
344

23

345

7

6

012

796
.522
146
264
827
714
262

S38
843
098
328
450
523
537
264

Selling honey 51. 119, 189, 231, 267, 53S,

597

Selling honey through grocers

Sense of smell among bees 567, 570, 032,

Separators 147.

Separators nailed to wide frames

Separators or no separators?

Septemi)er — work in the apiary for

Serradella

Sliade for bees

fjiiaken swarms. .. .19. 40, 144, 198, 340, 392,
411, 550, 634

Shaken swarms in Australia

Sliaking bees

Slieej) in the apiary 183,

Sliipping bees 184, 746,

Shipping carloads of comb honey

Sliipping-cases — depth of 662,

Sliipping lioney 227,

Sliipping queens

Shook swarming and red clover queens

Shook swarms and out-apiaries

Shooting down high swarms

Shooting swarms off of trees 89,

Sliould the National he incorporated?

Slirinkage in scale-weights

.Side springs for hm,,,! rliambers

Single vs. double tdK'irl-chaniber colony

Sisters and the National convention

Size of hive 105, 119, 142, 140. 166, 184,

Skunks in the apiary

Sleeplessness — honey for

Smartweed

Smelter gas

Smoker fuel 115, 597.

Smoker open at both ends

Smokers 295, 507, 619, 07.S. 714.

Smoking bees 104. 190.

Snakes in the hive

Sneak-thief boys outwitted with bee-hives...

Snow around hive-entrances

Solidifying of liquid sugar and honey

.Sowing clovers in sandy soil

Space between bottom-board and brood-frames
400

Spacing in liives

Sparrows — dead wrong about the

Species of bees 214,

Spice-cake

Split sections

Split-top sections

Spraying fruit-trees while in bloom — the bees
against

.Spraying — laws against

.Spreading brood not advisable

Spring management of bees

Spring troubles with cellared bees.....

Squab-raising with bee-keeping

Stand or colony V

Starters 247, 345, 392. 455.

Starting In bee-keeping 38.

Starting nuclei late

Starved brood 148.

Stimulative feeding of bees 121. 184. 297.

Stiugless bees 631.

Straight combs

Strained honey

Strange bees

Strengthening a weak colony

Strong colonies 377.

Stung to death by a bee

Sucrose In honey .^ 710,

Sugar-cand.v — making

Sugar-feeding among bee-keepers denounced.

Sugar syrup not all inverted. . . . »

Sulphur for mice in cellars

Sulphur vs. bisulphide of carbon for fumi-
gating empty combs

Sumac honey and bloom

Sumac — scarlet

Sumac drink 618. 630,

Sunflowers — honey In

Sunken brood-capplngs

Snperlng

Supers and covers — manipulating

Superseding queens 56, 473, 542, 603, 600.

Supers to the hive ? — how many

Super work — best bees for

Supplies — making one's own

Surplus comb for hiving bees

Swarm clustered for 29 hours

Swarm-hiving experience — a

Swarm in a clilmne.v — a

Swarming 7. 50. 01. 264, 315, 361, .375.

377. 409. 457. 491. 571, 587, 699, 700,
746. 882. .883

Swarming management 358. 635.

Swarming methods and surplus honey

Swarming out

Swarms deserting 501, 504.

Swarms uniting 441 .

Sweet clover

Sweet clover honey

Sweet mixture for winter stores

Symposium — hlve-burylng and hive-making..

Syrian bees and queen record

Tack-puller as a hive-tool

Taking ofC honey 571 .

Taking oflF supers for winter

Tanging swarms 709, 790.

Tariff (m Cuban honey 324,

Tar-paper

Temperature for cellar-wintering 263,

Tent-escape — Miller

The Honey-Producers' League. .259. 275. 291,

298, .322, 324, 339, 355, 371, 389, 485,

538. 743

Thermometer In the bee-cellar

Three-frame nucleus and queen

Time required for swarm-clustering

Townsend's mixed-sugar plan

Trade-mark — registering a honey

Transferred bees rearing no brood

Transferring bees .16. 105, 245, 297, 312,

329, 361, 377, 393, 425, 473, 490, 505.

750, 703

Transferring queen-cells

Transmission of bee-traits

899
471
082
393
134
136
616
211
571

131

547
847
747
878
762
267
13
22
89
487
050
200
730
371
206
844
454
841
370
700
.377
70!)
571
715
.523
361
060
263
280

731
883
408
345
282
570

845
488
90.-I

460
827
543

778

50

121

Trip of a I'reucli bee in a bouquet .'i75

T supers .'193

T tins 40

Two queens in one hive 711, 728. 883

Unfinished sections 24, 7.5, OSll. 682, 098,

Uniting colonies 202. 457. 490. 491. .523.

.543. 587. 003. 040. 0S2. 700

Unripe honey 341.

Using combs in whicli bees oied

Using hives in which bees died

Van Deusen wired foundation....

Ventilating liee-cellars

Ventilation of liives 43;

Vigor of bees — constitutional....
Virgin queens and swarming out.

571 I

603
580
906
344
23
586
662

293
265
165
519
275
730
709
511
119
500
600
344
079
571
24
392
393
663
571
763
2U
103
307
.31)3

095
500
554
702
281
377
827
40
700
588
543
385
313
020
295
571

90-1
845
747
570
668
.544
350
S23
.544
.3.57
200
451
603

106.

441, 473.

..'.'.'..733'.

.651,

Wasp's nest in a bee-hive

Water for bees

Waterleaf — a iioney-plaut

Wax and reliquetied honey

Wax-extractor — a new

Wax-extractor — home-made

Wax In honey — eating

AVax-moths

Wax-press — pressure of the Uermau

Wax — running an apiary for

Wax-scrapings Into marketable shape — con-
verting

Wax-secretion — experlmc^its in

Wax-secretion of bees

Wax-worms for fish-bait

Weak colonies 438,

Weak colony — treatment of a

Weak nucleus building worker-comb

Web-worms In section-honey

Welglit of colony for wintering

Weight of sections

Weight of hives

Well-ripened honey

West Michigan fair 420,

What ails the bees'r

What is honey? 35. 104. 164. 106, 167,

What to combine with bees

White and yellow sweet clover

Wliite clover 13,

White clover wlnter-klli? — does

White flakes In front of tlie hive

Why do bees Ignore some flowers at times?. .
Why some bee-keepers succeed and some do

Wide frames — propolis scraping and

Width of sections in Kngland

Wife in Heaven — to my {poem I

Wine barrels for extracted honey

Winter conditions

Winter hive-protection

Wintering a queen with few bees

Wintering bees. .24. 27. 28. 40. 73. 74. 76, 91,
104, 10!>, 118, 142, 143. 209. 213. 232,
265. 260, 301. 333. 343. 345, 360, 390,
301, 392, 409, 551, 680, 634, 035, 651,
683, 731, 744, 763, 779, 791, 827, 845,

Wintering nuclei in observatory hives

Winter losses — cause of ._. • ■ ;_■•_•

Winter packing 51. 7*.5.

Winter stores 542. 544. S2i.

Wire for cutting granulated honey

Wiring foundation

Wiring frames

Wisconsin foul-brood experience

Woman bee-keepers' political prospects

Woman does — what one

Woman's bees and poultry — a

Wood splints vs. wired framed

Worker and drone eggs

Worker-eggs in drone-cells

Working up a honey market

Wormwood — a variety of

Wrapping hives with building-paper

903

700
355
420
249

168
517
.^40
425
746

315
517
507
280
898
443
666
679
777
619

903
6.34
731
773
651
635
392
700
683

90
233
845
646
651
184
440
517
IDS

51
571
568

828
281
838
873
543
90S
651
450

261
55
845
829
231
552
S42
167
826
778
522
699
171
51
280
828
203

Yellow and white sweet clover Oo4. 0.3o

Yellow bees • • ■ • ^f~

Yellow-jacket and wasp-stings vs. bee-stings 5o

Yield from one colony — great 28o

Young queens and afterswarms

II.I>USXRAXIO.^S

99

Apiarian display of Louis Werner 33

Apiarian display (Root's) at St. Louis — .; . — 737
Apiarian exhibit at West Michigan Slate lair... 57i

APIARY OF—

Ball.W. D 673

Bartlett.lra D fVj

Baxter.E. J 513

Blunk.J. P 65J

Buchanan. J. M •• ™f

Butcher. E. B '•«>

Butler, J.M 'f%

Cliauman.S. D -j,-

Clarke.Chas 52^

Craven. E. B '«?

Crelghton.J.G Jj'

Dexter.K. Z J*|

Klmore.L. W J3S

i-'erry.H. S «"

Ford, S. C .809

Glbaon.H ^i

Ilarrlngton. M. W -"J

Haynes.J.M g*

Honaker. Mrs. and Mr. Jas S»J

Hoss. Walter ^^

.lones. Paul '4'

Kilgore. S. G 573

Klrkpatrlck Geo. II fii

Kretchmer. E 4g

Luhdorff. Otto 'J*

Macklin.Chas.G «3»

Martin. Jas *"J

Mclntyre. J. F 78S

McXeill.Jas Si

Measer.J. J °S

Miller. Dr. C. C JJ*

Miller, F. J Jjl

Mosteiler.J.M *S

Murphy. W.W ■««

Otto.JohnF 133

Kichardson, C C 581

Knbinson. '1'. P 581

ScoBEin.Edw 3(16

Smith Jt Son. F. C 161

Soper. W. D 513

Southwest Texas 81

Stanley Bros 486

Stratton, Albert J 581

Watson. Mrs. M 247

Whitney. Wm M 6U»

Wutzke, K. F 893

Vork. Editor 801

Baldridse.M. M 385

Bee-<lres8 for women 801

Bee-smoker (Conrad'si 673

Bigelow educational hive 37n

Bohrer, Dr. G 385

Boyden. Arthur L 322

Brodbeck . Geo, W 290

Brood-combs with 119 queen-cells 529

Buckwheat in bloom 402

Bush Temple ofMusic 789

Calvert. John T 322

Carloading of honev 87H

Clarke. W.F 385

Cloistering hive 408

Clovernook apiary ( M iss Wheeler's) 885

Colorado «piarian exhibit at the St. Louis Ex-
position 113

Cook, Prof. A. J 134

Comb honey packed for shipping 537

Cowan.Thos. Wm 333

Dadant. Chas 502

Dadant iC. P.I and home 497. 853

Dadant. Henry C 497

Dadant. I..ouis C 497

Dadant factory 502

Doolittle.G. M 134

Drone and queen trap— Dibbern's 278

Falconer(W. T. 1 and factory 3.53

Fastening foundation 842

Folding Sections 842

France.N.E h.53

France (N. E.I and foul broody comb 721

GalluD. Dr. E 385

Greiner, F 13 .

Hammer. Mr. and Mrs Julius

Hatch. C.A 8.50

Hetherington. Capt. J.E 130. HI

Hetherington's iCapt.t bee-yard in the fall l4o

Hetberington's (Capt. I original straw hives 13h

Hetherington's iCapt.i old and new bee-cellars.. 189

Hetherington's ((_'ftpt.) sword 14(i

Hetherington's (Capt.) first load of bees 137

Hetherington's (Capt.) home and last load of

bees 137

Hiveon scales fi2'>

Holding a swarm— Dr. Emmons 18 1

Holekamp. R. A 417

Honey crop of Chas. Clarke 838

Hutchinson. W. Z 8.53

Kettle for rendering beeswax 5*^3

Kilgore (S. G. I aud comli honey 873

Kilgore's iS. G.) tiered-up hive 673

KretchmeriE. I home and factory 485

Kretchmer,('has W 468

Kretchmer, Justus C 468

Lake Phalen apiary of H. G. Acfclin 49

Langairoth. L. L 873

LudhorlTs (Ottoi hives on scales 754

Merrill. D. B 353

Michigan State convention group 258

Midsummer fair apiarian exhibit 609

Milkweed 2U1, 102

^r.Dr C.C .529

jr's iDr.i colt "Roderick" .529

chell.N. C 3x5

ndeng (Chaa.) and factory 226

aloon. A. F 3'<5

Morgan, R. A 161

Nysewander (J as.) and store 481

Orange-tree in California 785

Out-apiary of H.G. Acklin 17

Partof one colony's honey crop 62'i

Pettit. Morley 83-"

Pouiier. Walter S i*H

Pratt's or Swarthmore's queen-rearing methods 5*8
Prisk's I Wm. E.) Wisconsin State Fair exhibit.. mcI

Red raspberry (wild) 204

Roof-apiary of C. H. w. Weber 1

Root I A. I.I and factory 322

Root, Ernest R 322, 85a

Self-spacing of frames 84*

Selser, \\ m. A Roi

Smith, (^eo. A 488

stand (C(inrad's) for holding supers 273

Store 01 Walter S Pouder U8

Store of ('. M.Scott 1*8

South Dakota Fair apiarian exbiblt 161

Tent bee-escape 1 Miller) 570

'i'op and bottom frame spacers 873

Top and bottom starters in a section 4')6

Uncapping fork 469

Utah apiarian exhibit at St, Louis 191

Wax-extractor— A. C. Miller's 89-*

Weber.C.U. W 1

Weber, ('has. H 1

Weber. Emma 1

Whitney. Wm. M 815

Wilcox. Franklin 8 •»

Wilson. "Mother" 529

Wilson I Mis^i ready for bee-work 535

Winter view or F. Greiner's apiary 138

Wiring traoies 8t2

Wutzke R. F.— home of B93

CORRESPO.HUENI'S

Abel. Florence M. 360
Adams. Frank P. 582
Alkin. 11. (^Kii.-i
Allen. J, ihn, 3.57
Alle.v. Henry. 390. 429
Ames, Mrs. J. B. 863

Amos. Mrs. A.L.e34,763,

8'26
Anderson. Anton G. 700
Andrews. D E. 397
Antes, Mrs. L. 187
Archer, Dr. J. 75

Ashley. G. D. 348
Atwater. E. F. 1.52, 668,

791
Ausmus. J. B. 620

Baerman. Rev. G. J. 316

Bailey. W.M- 652

Bain. A. T. 349

Bainard. E. L. 846

Baldringe. M. M. 469

Ball, W. D. 878

Ballinger. W. A. 315

Barber. C.J. 94

Barber. E. S. 796

Barber. Ira. 286

Barnard. H.C. 795

Barrette, Mrs. Paul. 521

Bartholomew. H. E. 445

Bartz. A.C. F. 331

Baumgaertner, J. G. 733

Bechly. Fred 14

" Bee-Keeper in Virgin-
ia," 358, 386

Beiler, A. S. 75

Bell. L. B. 796

Henton. Frank. 59. 308

Bergstrand. C. O. 554

Beverlin. W. S. ,>54

Best. Henry. 44

Bevins. Edwin. 430.4.52.
475.518. 572, 652, 681.1,
711.760. 867

Bigelow. Prof. Bdw. F.
373.790.812

Black, S. N. 444

Blair. L. G. 302, 804

Blanton, Dr. O. M. 684.
733

Blevins. Harry. 868
Blooraenstlne.fclans. 429
Blough. Christian, 46
BlunK,J. P. 663
Boelte. Max. 554
Bohrer. Dr. G. 185. 310.

359, 388. 457. 538. 588.

700.711. 823

Bonhote. B. 246
Boutwell. Roy A. 812
Boyd &Son. J. K. 66.s
Bricker. Henry. 29
Bridgman. C. R. 554
Bryant, E. J. 62 1
Buchanan, Chas, J. 142
Buchanan, J. M. 898
Burch. W. P. 636
Burdette, Ethel M. 232
Burdlck.Dr. A. B.717
Burkholder. A. 457
Burnett, R, A. 3.55
Burns, A. J. 684
Burt, Vernon. 725
Bushby, H. A. 236
Buswell, Turner. 418
Butler. Mrs. Etta. .569
Butler. J.M.694
Byer. J. L. 744. 884

Candler. Mathilde. 280
Carpenter. A. B. 380
Cary, W. T. 524. ^47
Chevalier. C. G. 898
Chinn. R. 47
Chrlstensen, Nels, 173,

302,382
Christie. J. R. .588
Clark. Wm, 314
Cleary, Wm. 29 '
Cllne. John.28. 459
Cochems, John. 78o
Conedon, H. W. 286
Conrads. Waldo C. 277.

Cook. Prof. A. J. 36. 37,
133, 14-2, 214, 284, 292,
325, 398, 41 '6, 470, 541,

631, 710. 774. 807. 880
Cook, B. L. 186
Cooke. A. N. 78
Cotton, C- B. 359
Cottrell. F. M. .".07
(ovevou, Bllas E. 524
Craig. W.J. 150
Crelghton J. G. 742
Crim, S. T. 652. 805
Crowther. H. B. 444
Cutter, Elsie, A, 746

Dadant, C. P. 22, 85, 166,
181, 216, 24.5, 327, 4 '5,
5'20, 540, 567, 583, 616,

632, 647, 679, 759, 791,

823, 88". 900
Darnell, W. O. .554
Daughtrey. Joel. 812
Daum, F. P, 357. 378
Davenport. B. T. 555.635
Davenport. C. 358, 375
Davis. John. M. 652
Davis. 1st W. J. 30.476
Dav. F. L. 764
nayton, Mrs. C. W. 183
Dayton, C. W. 92, 102,

238. 422. 540, 664. 840
Dennler. Mrs. Lucie, 376
DeniLi. Herbert W. 395
Der Imker. ine
Dibbern.C. H. 278
Dickinson. Emily, 762,

HIO

Dickson, John L.46
Diebold, A.J. 733
Dlefendorf, E. W. 604
Doollttle,Q. M.5, 54.134,

181,215, 229, 277, 310.

390,421, 4.53, 470, .5114.

539. 615. 663. 759. (-07.

824. 8.59. 881

Duescher. Wm. 91
Dunlop. Dave S. 437
Dysart, Samuel, 879

Bagerty, Wm, H. K. 668
Eaton, Dr. E. N. 866
Edgeworth. W. C. 867
Edwards. Evan B, 18.5
Elllfrllz.Mrs. Sadie, 261
Ellis. W.H. 334.684

Elmore, L.W. 438
Elwood. P. H. 137
Em Dee. 9"7
Emmons, Davis R. 126,

572
Engle, M. C. 906

Farmer. A. 186
Feeback. W. S. 332
Fees. L. 38

Ferguson. Mrs. Ben. 392
Ferrv. H. 8. 524
Fisher. B. W. 174
Flxter. John. 209
France. N. E. 5, I", 181,

1 M.S, 28 1 , 324
Freeman. A. J. 73. 636
Freeman, Mrs. Legb R.

KH

Frltze. W. F. '238
Folk. Joseph W. 261
Foote. A. F. 791

Gannaway. H. P. 868
Garner. H. M. 684
Gerthotfer John, 554
Getaz, Adrian, 598, (45,

727,808.841.899
Gill. M. A. 213
Gleysteen.G. 234. 636
Gonor. W. 8 il
Goodale, Miss D. 811
Goodnow. V. A. 668
Goss. R. V. 219
Grass, L. L. .597
Green, J. A. 360, 520, 536,

725
Green. Jesse. '^99
Green. Stephen N. 743
Greenfield. Aug. 709
Greiner. F. 135. 282, 294,

298, 48 i, 537, 588, 695,

775
Greiner, G.C. 101
Grifflth, Mrs. Sarah J.

232, 296
Gross, Gustave. .^67
Gunther. John H. 378
Guthrey, B. G. 554

Hairston. J. T. 795
Halley. Rebecca. 344
Hambaugh. J. M. 2.54.308
Hammersmark, J. T. 93,

5^8
Hammond. L. A. 316
Hanegan.Leo F. 268.629.

878

Harbaugh. Thos. C. 817
Harlan, C. H. 423
Hall. E. L. 73
Hall. F. W. 76, 460
Hall, Marv B 188
Harmer. Walter. 76
Harrington. M. W. 277
Harris. Caas. M. 217
Harrison. Prof. F. C. 149
Hasty. E. E.249
Hawk. G D. 43 I
Haxton.W. S.764
Ilavck Bros. 620
Haynes. David. 301. 524
Haynes, J. M. 36
Hazard, Cora Lapham,

198
Heckler, H. W. 383
Hetherington. Eva B.141
Heurkens. Herman, 4i7
Hill. H B. 879
Hillery, J. T. 780
Hilton. Geo. B. 524
Hinderer. Frank, 700
Hlnrlcks. U, 638
Hobbs. J. M..538
Hobert. W. H. 378, 572
Hodges. G. 43
Hoffman Fred. 572
Holekamp. Robt. A. 132.

1811, 3(18.380,761
Holt J. 298

Holtermann. B. F. 207,

323. 74J. 7.i7. 861
Honaker. Mrs. Millie.

4ir., 440. 473.802,634

Hopper, Bert W. 828
Hopsecger. C. W. 47.430.

638
House. Geo. W. 198
Houser A. A. 80
Howard. L O 790
Hoyt. J. A. 430
Hunsbereer. A. C. 44
Hunter. J. K. 267
Huson. A. D. 358
Hutchinson. W. Z. 150

201. 2riO. H22. 828
Hynek.Jos, M. 339

"Illinois." 537
Irvine, Sr., W. 507. 636

Jeffrey, Robt. A. 364
Jewetl. H. S. 898
Job. C. 333
Johns, J. B. 187
Johnson. J. E. 117. 189.

389. 836. 647
Johnsoc. J. W. 364, 748
Jones. G. M. 108
Jones, J. T. 780
Jones. Paul. 122
Jonea. P. D. no

Kalfus. J. W.222
Kauffman, Bmanuel B.

888

Keizer. N. H. 524
Kellogg, Frank E. 524
Kelly. George H. 238
Kennedy. B. 383
Kennedy. Miss L. C. T94
Kennicott. K. E.365
Kernan. Wm. 604
Kienzle. G. H. 219
Kilgore. 8. G. 395. 678
Kimball. J. 424
Kirkpatrlck. Geo. H. 630

Knauth F. R. 887
Knutson. Annio. 903
Koenlz. G. U. 90

Lamkln, Lewis. 473
Lamkin. Ward, 333
Langford. AMeine.sri
Langstroth, Rev. L. L.

873
Larrabee, W. G. 210
Latham. Allen, 21- 27,37,

54. 128, 157.438.775

Lathrop. Harry. 76, 132.

231 1. 860

Laurence. C. M. 588
Lawrence C. M. 220
Lawrence. W. G. 555
Laws. W. H. 777
Learner. (09
Lee. Joel F. 572
Lemaster. P. T. 254
Leonard. L. D. 455
Lincoln, C. M. 414.733
Llnscott. J.L 333.718
Long. Irving. 28. 350.820.

906
Lovesy. E. S. 199.2,86
Lowe. Wm. B. 7x0
Luebke. Chas. 78
Luhdorff. Otto. 758. 764

Majors. S. C. 636
Maneke, Fred W. 554
Marks. W. F. 35. 180
Marshall. R. A. 27
Matthews. Wm. 572
Maver. Mrs. D. 44o
Mead. C. E. 437
Mears. Mrs. C. D. 152
Measer. J. J. 614
Merrlam & Son. G. F. 78
Messing. E. C. 748
Moe. H.H. 13
Metcalfe. F. A. 282
Mettler. A. B. 411
Miller. Arthur C. 218.

295. 341, 453. 831. 776.

898
Miller, Chas. J. 887
Miller. Dr. C. C -53. 197.

243,261, 413, 487, 538,

813.845, 725. St7 '
Miller. F. J. 162
Miller. Jas L. A. 316.378
Miller, S B.597
Miller. Wm. 667
Milligan.Mrs. J. K. 120
Mills. W. H. 171.3.50
Mitchell. Chas. 100
Mitchell. George. 266
Mohr. Pius. 350
Moore. Herman F. 407
Morgan. ^,. A. 228
Morgan. R. A. 332
Mosteller. J. M.438
Murphy. Damon. 888
Murphv. Wm. W. 4o4
Muth. Fred W. 228
Muth-Rasmussen . Wm.

365. 846
McBrid-. A. J. 238
McBride. F. 5X8
McCain. Eobt. B.652
McCarthy. D. 77
McColler. E. L. 330
McConkey. A. 588
McCorkle. T. F. 796
McCov. Bdw. 887
McKvoy. Wm. 151
McKnlght. Wm. S. 780
McLeod. D. C. 443
McNeal. W. W. .583, 728
McNeill, James, 436
McRay, John J.380

Norlln, Chas. 507
North, fiyman, 190
Nutt. W. (-.812

Oliver. A. L. 334
Oren, John H. 284

Parker. Mrs. J. C. 455
Parrott P. J. 312, 328
Paslay. J. D. 381
Patten. A. E. 1 84
Pattison. Pv. R .524
Pawletta. D. J. 733
Paxson. Mrs. Nellie G.

715
Peck. B. W. 110
Perrv. Helen, 104, 231,

248
Peitlt. Morley, 119

Pettit, S. T. 187. 294. 629
Pharr. John W. 348
Phifer. Geo. M. 572
Phllbrook. H. S. 664
Phillips. Dr. B. F. 679.

789
Phillips. D. R. 395
Phillips, Flora B. 650
Polndexter, Jas. 343
Pollard. Chas. 796
Poore, H. V. 439
Poppleton. O. O. 70
Porter. Elmer E. 106
Pouder, Walters. 342
Preston. C. A. 764
Price, W. A. 828
Prlsk, W. E. 8"6
Pritchett.B. B. 74
Pryal. W. A. 254. 507
Pulsifer. Nathan. 554
Putnam. W. H. 356

Qulrln, H. G. 524

Rauchfusa. F. 507
Ray, Mrs. Mary A. 280
Ray. W.M. 364
Hearlck.S C. 398
Reddert. Henry. 324
Reld, Walter F. 199
Reynolds Alvah.236..588
Rice, O. K. 253. 448, 636

Rlckettl. L. V. -

.503. 69.5. 749

Robinson. T. P. -
Root, Ernest R
Root, L. C. 142
Root, W. H. 238. 1
Root. W. N- 7411
RugRles, Wm. Z. 2
Russell, C.R. !»'

Salsbury. 8. N. 554
*■ San Franciscan." * >
Scardcfield. W. M. -
Scblemmer. Mr.^. .M

tin. 715
Schmidt. B. F. 1 10. '.■
Schml t. Mrs. L. 23
Schneider. Lisle. 554
Schnuckel. Bernard. 588
Bcholl. Prof. Louis U.

26.85. 117. 165.328. 7::i.
846.864.881.8X2

Schrier.C. 7-0
Scogeln. Edw. .3f>x
Secor. Blugene. 19X. 2."i4
Selfert. Geo. M. 572
Shedenhelm.J. H. l.'.-
Selboid. Jacob. 48
Sfmmens. John S. 14
Shepard. A. D. 454
Shepard. EllaC. 1"3
Slbbald. H.G. 151
Singlelary 8. B. (W4
" Sister U ith." 8^5
Smith. Fred, 164
Smith. Geo. J. ,566
Smith. H. A. 695
Smith. Harvey. 411
Smith. J. A. 618
Smith. J. Q. 343
Smith. Jeems. 378
Smith. Robert H. 124
Smith. 8. B. 341
Smith. W. B.620
Snell. F. A. 638
Snowberger A. H.f68
Sossaman. M. H. 1.58
Southwestern Bee Co.

414
Spltler. Geo. HI
Stachelhausen. L. 246.

4U4
Staley. S. W. 334
Stanley. Grant, 293. 587.

696. 7-28

Stark. C. A. 539
Stewart, Chas. 65
Stewart, F. C, 312
Stewart. John C. 189
Stoflet. Frank, 1.58,300
Stolley, Wm. 4"7
Stone, A. E. 122
Stone. Jas. A. 133
Stone. M. A. 652
Stotts. John. 457
Stout. Geo. 620. 701
Strang. H. F. 346
Strong. J.L. 329.899
Siroscheln. F. 567
Sudditb. L. H. 668
Sueltenf uss. Otto. 43 )
Swain. Henry. 588

Tackaberry, A. B. 588
Tarr. C. M. 652

Taylor. R L. 8.58
Thaxton. P. B. 780
Theilmann. Mary, '280.

Thomison.Tom 3-57
Townserirt. B. D. 166
Tubb. V. H. 473
Tucker. E. 318
Tyler. Fred. 45
Tyrrell. E. B. 282. 297

Ulrich. James, 507

VauBundy. G. W.480
Velth, Alphonse. 75

Waterman. Nixon. 705
Watson. Mrs. M. 247
Weber & Sons. J. f. W.

366

Weems. H. L. 3*
Welch. T. R. Q. 748
Werner. L. 588
West, Robt. 444
Wheeler. Frances E.88,

311.327.533,888

Wheeler. K. U. 906
White. W. H. .5211
Whitney. Wm. M. 309.

812

Whitton. A. A.fi84
Wlcherts. Sr.. A- 1-53
Wlggin. Mrs. C. D. 903
Wiggins. F. C. 237
WiVcock. James. 860
Wilder.J.J.363.«'2('
Wiley. Sarah E. 826 88.)
Williams. W. E. 748
Wilson. D.C. 92. 379
Winch. Warren H. S6J
Wingate. Mrs. W. S. 341.

440
Winkler. Chas. 749
Wolfe, .lames. 733
Wood. Delos. .524
W.iodall. E. 52
Woodward. C. B. 8'28
Wright. G. A. «--'0
Wright. W.D. 67
Wutzke. R. F. 898
Wykoff. H.G. 331
Wyman, Henry A. .56o

Yates, A. W. 551,8-28
lork, George W. 472,485

Zahner, M. 364
Zleka. John, 382

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